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Bevis's Travels
29Aug/180
Georgia {ex USSR} 2018
CLICK ON PICTURES TO ENLARGE.
Now, we are talking here about “Russian” Georgia, not the one in the United States. It is one of four countries in the region between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea known as the Caucasus, the others being Azerbeijan, Armenia and the southern part of Russia. All were members of the Soviet Union until 1991. The area is geographically in Asia but politically closer to Europe.and I suppose if I was being hunted by the police I might be described as a ‘white Caucasian male’, although this racial link is rather vague,.
Since declaring independence Georgia has had a chequered history with considerable internal strife, leading to two large areas of the country, South Ossetia and Abkhazia, themselves claiming independence. This status is recognized only by Russia and few other countries, and the British Foreign Office advises strongly against visiting those areas as no diplomatic support is available there.
Georgia is not the easiest place to get to from Britain. There are only two flights a week in each direction, from Gatwick, and the outbound flight was the absolute last one of the day at 10.55pm, arriving in Tbilisi at 6.35am the next morning, a Sunday. The plan was to get some rest on arrival if possible and then spend some time looking round Tbilisi before getting an early night to catch up on some sleep, so that I would be in a fit state to pick up my car on the Monday morning.
The people at the Amadeus Hotel were very helpful, arranging for a taxi to pick me up from the airport and allowing me to check in early for some rest as I had hoped. I had chosen the Amadeus in the belief that it was near the place where I would be picking up the car, but that proved to be incorrect, and when the confirmation came through from Avis it turned out that the car hire office and garage were right in the city centre.
At 11.00am, after resting, I set off on foot for the city centre which was about two miles away. The hotel was actually on the top of hill, with a long flight of steps leading down to a huge roundabout and flyover system. Getting through that entailed walking though deserted graffiti-lined passages and tunnels which was slightly uncomfortable, but I could not see any alternative route. It was then an uphill walk for a fair distance, and with the hot weather I was soon starting to flag, so decided to hail a taxi, of which there were many around. Within a short time the road changed into very smart avenue lined with some quite impressive buildings, not at all what I had expected in Tbilisi. The taxi driver did not miss the opportunity to point out what a fine city it is.
I wanted to call in at the car hire office in Freedom Square to change the pick-up time for the next day, so the taxi driver dropped me there. Freedom Square is the equivalent of Trafalgar Square in London, although somewhat smaller, and has a column in the middle with a golden St.George and the Dragon on top of it instead of Nelson. St. George is the country’s patron saint, shared with England and several other nations, but apparently did
not give rise to the name of the country. After dealing with Avis I had a snack in Dunkin’ Donuts, a company which strangely has a strong presence in Georgia. The old town is immediately adjacent to the Square and unlike many ‘old towns’ it has not undergone any significant restoration, having a large number of genuinely old buildings in extremely dilapidated condition. From the state of some of the balconies overhanging the street I can only assume that they do not have a very strict building inspectorate.
Rustavelis
Walking back along Rustavelis, the fine avenue along which I come in the taxi, it was an opportunity to study the route that I would take in the car the next day. Tbilisi has an astonishingly complicated road system, with largely one-way streets, and I could see that it would be very easy to go wrong. I found the big junction that was below the hill with the hotel on it, but failed to find the long flight of steps and eventually finished up climbing the wrong hill!. After scrambling through an area of rough woodland I got back to the hotel exhausted. At 9.00pm I asked the lady in charge if there was a restaurant nearby, and she directed me to one not far away.
When I emerged from the quiet streets around the hotel it was an unbelievable sight, a road with shops and restaurants all open late on the Sunday evening. These included what appeared to be a new McDonalds with a line of expensive cars stretching back down the street from the DriveThru. This was not what I had expected to find in Georgia at all.
The next morning (Monday) the hotel arranged for a taxi to take me to Avis in Freedom Square to collect my car, theplan being to drive up the Old Georgian Military Highway to the Russian border. Because I thought the roads would be bad I had reserved a Suzuki Jimny (small 4x4 jeep) which is crude and not very comfortable, but has a reputation for being tough and good on rough ground. My night stop would be in Stepantsminda (also known as Kazbegi), a ski and hiking resort about 95 miles from Tbilisi, where I was hoping to find a hotel on arrival.
After doing the paperwork I had wait a while in the Avis office before a man came in and said the car was outside. This was at the side of the road in Freedom Square. We went out to it, completed the condition form and checked the spare wheel and tools. The man went back into office, leaving me to get sorted out. I adjusted the seat and mirrors, and was just setting up my phone and tablet for navigation when two policemen appeared. They did not speak any English, but wanted the car document, which I showed them. I pointed to the Avis office and said “rental”, thinking that they would go away. But no, it was clear that they meant business, and within a short time instead of going to the Russian border I would be languishing chained to the wall of a rat-infested Georgian prison. Fortunately the Avis man saw what was happening from his office window and came rushing out to speak to the police. He said to me “Go on, go” so I had to drive off into the city centre traffic without my navigation gear working.
By some absolute miracle I found my way down to the riverside, and once I was there I thought if I followed the embankment northwards it would lead me to the Old Military Road, which turned out to be correct. The driving in Tbilisi was not too bad, but when I got on to the single carriageway main road it was dreadful, with a lot reckless overtaking going on in both directions.
This continued for about 10 miles as a flat, straight road with uninspiring scenery before entering a more attractive area alongside a river which eventually turned into a lake. The road then climbed into mountains with much less traffic and really outstanding scenery, passing a number of interesting places that I resolved to have a look at on the way back. Most of the other vehicles in both directions were lorries going to and from Russia, as this is now the only road link between Russia and Georgia open for normal traffic. It climbed for miles with steep hairpin bends and was very slow going at times. Mostly the surface was good, with a few rough stretches, and in one place there were cows all over the road, like India, although I don’t think they are revered to the same extent. About 15 miles before Stepantsminda is the Jvari Pass (7,815ft), with an extraordinary monument to Georgian-Russian friendship, which I decided to look at on the way back.
Mount Kazbek
According to one route plan I had read the journey would take just over two hours, but that must have been written by Lewis Hamilton, because it actually took about five hours to get to Stepantsminda. This turned out to be a small straggling town, with a considerable number of places offering accommodation, and I chose one called the Easy Hotel (nothing to do with easyJet) with good parking in the town centre. It had a view of the snow-covered peak of Mount Kazbek, a dormant volcano and at 16,558ft the highest mountain in eastern Georgia.
Once sorted I went for walk round the back roads of the town. Places like this are always interesting, because most houses have some land attached, and people often keep things that in a more densely populated area would be disposed of. There were a lot of Russian ex-military vehicles around, and various other items of machinery, including an old wind generator designed to be independent of wind direction. The roads were all roughly surfaced. The main street was quite touristy, with shops and cafes, one of which was a converted railway carriage. Visitors had arrived in a couple of buses, and the place was fairly busy.
After an uninspiring breakfast the next morning I set off for the Russian border, about 10 miles away. Shortly after leaving the town the road entered a gorge with the mountain face on the left hand side and a sheer drop on the right, protected by a concrete barrier. The scenery was magnificent. For most of the distance it was bend after bend, and some places it was possible to see the road in front suspended from the rock face over the sheer drop. The surface was mostly reasonable, with occasional large potholes, and in one place it was broken up completely for about 20 yards, causing me to come down to walking pace and pick my way over big lumps of tarmac and rock. This could easily lead to serious damage in an ordinary car, and I was pleased that I had the robust little jeep with its high ground clearance.
Dariali Monastery
Immediately before the border there was a lorry park and a massive construction site which was obviously to be a high level road leading to new buildings on the Georgian side of the border checkpoint. As it was, the road was a complete mess, coming down to single vehicle
Russia ahead
width and changes in the level of the road that were on the limit for the jeep. The few cars going through seemed to know exactly the line to take to avoid damage, but I was glad not to be in one. I followed a lorry through the narrow section and as I came out was amazed to see the Dariali Monastery, a complex of beautiful buildings set back from the road. It seemed very out of place in what is now a hostile environment, but when the work is finished it will hopefully revert to a more peaceful existence.
Friendship monument
In front of the border control buildings I turned round and retraced my steps through the mess to Stepantsminda and onwards in the direction of Tbilisi. As planned I stopped on the Jvari Pass to look at the Georgian-Russian Friendship Monument, an amazing curved concrete structure with massive murals above archways with superb views across the mountains. Although it was a weekday the car park was almost full and there were many people around, some using the nearby quad bike practice area. South of here the road runs about 2km from the forbidden territory of South Ossetia.
Ananuri Fortress
The next stop was the fortress of Ananuri, on a hillside near the road 45 miles north of Tbilisi. With beautiful views overlooking a reservoir in the valley this is a major tourist attraction. As it consists mainly of two churches within a walled area I could not go in because I was wearing shorts, a rule that applies to most religious buildings in that part of the world.
My target for the day was a town called Mtskheta, some distance north of Tbilisi. Often regarded as the spiritual capital of Georgia, it is one of the oldest towns in the country, dating back almost as far as the 3rd century BC. The maps in my phone and tablet showed a number of hotels in the central area, all of which turned out to be in narrow streets with no parking facilities. Eventually I found a good, big hotel, the Mtskheta Palace, overlooking a river within walking distance of the centre, all for the equivqlent of £27 per night including breakfast.
The town is centred around Svetitskhoveli Cathedral, a beautiful walled church dating from the 11th century and claimed to be the burial site of Jesus’ robe and several Georgian monarchs. It is surrounded by old stone buildings housing shops and restaurants. Overall I thought Mtskheta was a pleasant town and worth visiting, although I was too late to go into the cathedral.
The next morning I set off for the airport via the cross-country route b9 missing out Tbilisi. This was a straightforward drive through good countryside, with a few stretches of dreadfully broken-up road, where again I was pleased to have the jeep. I stopped for coffee at a place like a truck stop with a huge car park and a couple of buildings in front of which were people, mostly men, sitting drinking. A lady came out from a building and I asked for a coffee, but she seemed to be completely unable to understand. When I started walking back to the car a man shouted and waved a tin of Nescafe. I said “Yes” and within a short time a cup of mind-bogglingly strong Nescafe appeared.
A couple of the men tried to enter into conversation with me. When I said “English” they said “Rusky” and I concluded that they were Russian lorry drivers. Somehow we managed to hold a conversation about where I was from and what I was doing, and we parted good friends. The lady from the café refused to accept payment for the coffee, apparently because I was considered to be good entertainment, a situation I have encountered elsewhere.
A few kilometers before the airport was the entrance to a massive shopping mall consisting mainly of market stalls, and as I had a some time to spare I went in. It really was vast, stretching about 400 yards back from the road and about 600 yards the other way, reminiscent of the Grand Bazaar in Istanbul. When I came to go back to the car I got completely lost in all the aisles and had to use my phone to find the way.
By now the car was quite dirty, and one of the conditions of the car rental was that it must be returned clean, otherwise there would be charge of 15 euros. The map in my tablet showed a car wash just off the road into the airport. When I found it it turned out to be two or three blokes on a piece of rough land with a shed. They had just finished washing a car, and I pointed to mine and said hopefully “Wash car?”. They looked at one another, shook their heads, and said something like “Nah”. It was very hot weather and I suppose they had done enough for the day. Anyway, when I returned the car to Avis the people didn’t say anything and there was no charge.
My overall impression of Georgia was quite favourable, much better than I expected. Despite its recent turbulent history it seems to be doing quite well. The scenery in the area I went to was really good, and I believe most of the rest of the country is similar. Generally things are cheap by our standards and apart from the police and car washers the people I met were friendly and helpful .
Ananuri View
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Boston to Orlando 2006
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Car museums around the world
CzechWrecks 2010
Driving in Japan 2007
Estonia and Helsinki 2008
Estonia and Latvia 2006
Everything stolen – Miami 1995
Georgia (ex-USSR) 2018
Israel and Palestine 2013
Kosovo 2015
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Locked Out in the Desert
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busblog
nothing in here is true
coolest high school suspension, ever!
“High School Lacrosse team suspended after spelling prom invitation on bare bottoms”
Kristoff Wennersten figured his prom proposal had to be one-of-a-kind if it would have any chance of being accepted.
But the Huron High School senior never imagined it would result in a suspension for himself and 12 of his varsity lacrosse teammates, whom he recruited to help spell out the message at a school soccer match via their derrieres.
The players displayed the question, “Will You Go To The Prom With Me? Yes or No?” on their posteriors while mooning Huron senior Carolyn Campbell at a game.
The students were also suspended for one day of school. Huron’s lacrosse matches, scheduled for this past Saturday and Monday, were postponed.
“Inappropriate is inappropriate,” Huron athletic director Dottie Davis said Monday after meeting with lacrosse varsity players and their parents. “It disrespects women, and that’s the clear message we need to have the students understand – what may be fun to them isn’t necessarily fun to everyone else.”
Campbell, who accepted the prom invitation by patting the lower back of the player displaying the word ‘Yes,’ described Wennersten’s method as “cute” and said she wasn’t upset by the manner in which she was asked.
“People get pretty creative with prom. Anyone who’s done anything has been pretty outlandish,” Campbell said. “This is pretty epic, I would say.
Truly epic, rocker.
Plus as Karisa points out, why would they think that suspending these kids is some sort of punishment.
posted on April 30, 2008 at 2:35 pm | permalink
did i tell you we went to santa vista the other day?
we did
it didnt suck
posted on April 30, 2008 at 8:21 am | permalink
Tags: isla vista, photo essay, ucsb
its 9am i hafta shower shave and drive away from the lovely suzie in aboooot an hour
we just spent a few days in the glorious heat of indio, then i had to driver to santa barbara because i had to write for our travel blog about a sweet new restaurant up there, but duh, of course its closed on mondays.
so we went to the paradise instead, but unlike the real paradise of campus point, the lagoon, iv, and the daily nexus, this restaurant had stale bread, dry yellowtail, and flat coke. whatevs. nothing could really compare to the four days of fun that we’ve had so far on her california vacation.
there will be tons of pics up on her flickr, my flickr, and maybe even some videos or two on something somewhere.
but here are some things that i have learned so far.
even though they say that you shouldnt rely too much on other people for happiness in your life, you shouldnt be too surprised when super cool people in your life exponentially help you realize super cool moments in your life. for example, we shared a house in la quinta with my bro eric formerly of blogger, bro noah formerly of odeo and twitter, eric’s new buisness partner, and a house full of extremely smart and fun folks.
then we went to santa barbara and chilled with my longtime buddy joe, and then stopped off at the nexus where i hung with the eic and several nexites who were working on todays paper. all while being with suzie, who is the furthest thing from dull.
if i had gone to coachella alone, then iv, and just skateboarded around the universe solo, there would have been no way that the things i ate, drank, talked about touched, felt, danced to, rocked to, would have been anywhere near the same. or as good.
in one twenty four hour period alone i crossed paths with steven tyler, perry farrell, david hasslehoff, scaled the fence of a pool hot tub and skinny dipped, drove through the desert with the top down and the white stripes blaring, and skipped rocks in the pacific with two hippies who debated as to which type of egret was fishing in the sunset.
we wont even mention the late night dj session with a new york blogger or early morning smoothies or sleeping on the most beautiful hard floor or working as a team with some of the most talented writers from the times.
or watching roger waters completely making us all forget about prince.
fucker paraded out an inflatable pig the size of a small house and then just let it take off into the sky. it still might be floating across america for all we know.
suzie left the polo fields yelling Fuck Prince! after yelling I LOVE PRINCE just the night before.
coachella was the shit, the bros were the shit, and suzie has been a dream come true.
nothing in here is true mostly because half the time i dont believe that these things could happen to anyone, especially moi.
im pretty sure these women wont
make it into my coachella fashion show photo essay for Soundboard
but they are here to say hi to you anyways
also, i did a little round up of day one on LA Now, so chickity check it
photo by Ali McLean!
im at coachella
my bro eric case formerly of blogger/google invited me to stay at this sweet ass house in palm desert which we are doing.
pool hottub fireplace gourmet kitchen stereo system with speakers in the ceiling. as the kids say “its sick”.
your pal suzie and i drove out here thursday which was smart because we beat traffic and we were able to go slowly and enjoy the ride. shes probably the most easy going person ive ever met. ask her where she wants to eat and she really couldnt care less.
around san bernadino we were starving and found this industrial park and could either go to the Panda Inn or TGIFridays. because she has never been in america i was all, have you seen Office Space?
she was all i fucking love Office Space.
so i was all, this is where they invented flair. so we picked TGIF.
turns out they havent had to wear flair in two years. still we drank margaritas and had a good time.
hung out at coachella and it was sweet. mostly cuz it wasnt super hot. it was hot but not super hot. because of that every hot babe in america (and canada) showed up and wore their hottest clothes. lots of hippie dresses or bikinis or booty shorts. but everyone was beautiful.
saw the breeders, verve, raconteurs, tegan and sara.
spent a lot of time in VIP because i was trying to be a team player and help out the real LA Times writers who were running back to our little station so they could write. after they wrote they needed people to watch the computers cuz it was out in the open. but because it was VIP it wasnt like anyone was gonna steal anything, but some people thought the computers were just freebees in which to check email, etc. so we had to shoo people away.
i took a shitton of pics that i will put up onto Soundboard tomorrow morning. basically the mood was great.
the kids here are awesome.
the weathers perfect.
Soundboard busted out like 14-15 posts.
This one was my favorite.
for day 2 i will be posting on LA Now. so check it out over there on Saturday.
anti photographs Billy Corgan getting his handprints on Sunset Blvd
any time Anti contributes to LAist its a reason to celebrate. yesterday he got his press pass on and went down to Guitar Center to photograph Billy Corgan and Jimmy Chamberlin to get their paw prints solidified to represent Zwan The Smashing Pumpkins.
LAist has the story, Anti’s Buzznet account has the entire photo gallery.
Meanwhile, is it me or is Billy looking more muy macho with age?
as you know the Replacements had four of their cds re-released this week
and my man ben at work reminded me that a few years ago i was lucky enough to interview Paul Westerberg, thanks to my friend Kate Sullivan who was the music editor of the LA Weekly at the time.
you can read the weekly interview here. and below is what was left over from that interview, which i posted on this very busblog.
i remember the interview very clearly, i was working at E! at the time and my boss hated me and i had a really hard job but somehow i was able to carve out a half hour break so i could talk to one of my all time heroes. youd have thought i could have scored an interview like that and given it to, oh i dont know, eonline, but after several attempts to work there i gave up trying.
then one day kate emailed me and said she could probably set it up if i was interested in doing the thing, and i was all i think i can do that thing, and then i did that damn thing. i was on top of the world.
for about 15 minutes and then i had to go back to my crappy job, but at least i had a smile on my face.
me: You seem kind of reluctant to do tours nowadays. Is that because you’re a devoted father and husband?
paul westerberg: Certainly not a husband as much as a dad. She’s fine if I go away for a few weeks, sometimes it’s probably better that I’m not there. But, yeah, it’s hard to leave my little 6 year-old. I tried to set this all up so I could do a lot of my traveling before summer vacation so I could be around to play baseball with him and stuff. And also it’s the way I’ve been making records out of my home and releasing them, it’s a different ballgame. It isn’t like a major label where you have a single and we have to go promote the single and play at every award show and all of that kind of crud.
I can tour if I want or not tour if I don’t want. After we played three show in Minneapolis with these guys I said, “this is the band that I want to take out on the road.”
me: People were speculating who this band was, and one of the guys speculating said that this was a MN cover band. Is that the group that you hooked up with?
paul westerberg: Oh I wouldn’t say that at all, no. Michael Bland, Prince’s old drummer on drums, and Jim Boquist from Son Volt is playing, and my old friend Kevin Bowe is a songwriter and is more of a producer and he gets a chance to be a lead guitar player and step out and do all the things that he’s always done in his bedroom.
No, this is a very nice mix of guys.
me: So definitely not a cover band.
paul westerberg: These guys know my songs better than they know other songs, so I would be the one who would prefer to play covers. (laughs)
me: there seems to be a nice mix of songs that you play in concert of new tunes with your older ones. Is that intentional for the fans, or do they all kinda seem the same to you since they’re all songs that you wrote?
paul westerberg: It varies a little from night to night, but I’ve never been one to play my new stuff specifically and then just tag on the oldies. Also I’m never quite sure what the audience will want to hear. If I don’t play “I Will Dare” people will say “why didn’t you play ‘I Will Dare'”. And if I do sometimes I feel that they’re bored with it. I played a couple of songs in November, a couple of brand new songs that I had just written, a couple of left field choices that the other guys were sorta stumped on. And there’s basically a handful of ten or so that I usually play most of the time. But then, we’ve got two nights. So that makes for all the more of the variety.
me: so if you don’t hear your favorite tune on the first night, then you have to come on the second night.
paul westerberg: And you won’t hear it again.
me: I saw a picture of you with Keith Richards who has got to be a big hero of yours. Did you guys have a chance to sit down and talk?
paul westerberg: Yeah we met about three times and that was the time we were doing a television show… no that was his birthday. Funny thing is that was his 45th birthday, I was 28, and now that I’m 45 I’m trying to get a picture of me and someone who’s 28 and compare them. Or take one of me and Keith now.
No, that was very– I just snuck backstage through the security guard and took a Polaroid of us. I wasn’t scared of him. He gave me the look like he was going to kill me but he knew I was safe.
me: Speaking of younger guys, are singers and younger bands coming to you for songs?
paul westerberg: Not as of late. I’m always convinced that someday someone will take one of my songs and do them and maybe there will be a whole back catalogue that will come to life via someone else. I know Lucinda Williams is going to do a few of my new unreleased songs that I’ve written. And I’ve got tunes in Cameron Crowe’s movie (“Elizabethtown”), a score in this other movie (the animated film “Open Season”) where I’ve got songs and the score, so it’s like I’m definitely writing and it’s getting out there. I don’t know the next time I’m going to put my own album out but…
me: So these last couple years where you’ve been knocking out two albums a year are going to die down a bit?
paul westerberg: I think so. For now. I’m going to concentrate on touring and then after touring finishing up the scoring. Then I don’t know quite what to do.
me: The Pixies reunion seemed pretty successful. Did that spark any interest in you guys getting back together?
paul westerberg: There’s always bands getting back together whether they were popular or not. There was a time when the Pixies drew 60,000 in Europe. We were never at that level. We always had a solid underground level. But it was never beyond 6,000 people or so.
me: I hear ya, but they got to headline Coachella out here. I would imagine that you guys would probably have that kind of support too.
paul westerberg: It’s tempting but everything that comes along with it would be like… we would have to rehearse.
me: (laughs) We don’t care if you rehearse.
paul westerberg: Well we did before. But I think there’s a couple guys who are hesitant and I’m right in the middle and Tommy I don’t know if he’s in Guns N Roses still or able to go out and play in other groups or what.
me: Did you get a chance to read the Bob Dylan book?
paul westerberg: Yes, “Chronicles”.
me: What’s your take on it?
paul westerberg: I thought it was spectacular and in the very end I was not even sure that he was telling the truth. Pure Dylan, it was like he’s coming clean, he’s saying all the right things, champions Jack Elliot and everything, but in the end, you know, he could be lying. And that’s the crazy, legendary guy that he’s created. But I thought it was very interesting. And the fact that it was volume one that kind of jumped from ’62 to’87 and skipped “Blood On The Tracks” We could have 10 volumes before he’s done.
me: did it make you consider putting down your stories too?
paul westerberg: No. No. Mine are less spectacular. Cuz ours are– I would hate to be a half-assed musician that has to do it for the money. I think one day when I’m old and gray and it’s all said and done and a number of people are gone, I could. But there’s still sort of life in the band.
They’re going to release the best of my (solo) stuff, and of the Replacements, and the box set. I don’t know what will become of that.
me: Aren’t you going to get bored of everyone asking, “Is the band ever going to get back together?” Does that make you anxious about the greatest hits and the reissues or do you look to the future with happy feelings?
paul westerberg: I feel good. We all saw Paul McCartney at the Super Bowl. And it’s like, yeah, wouldn’t it have been great with John with him. The more the years pass the more I realize Bob (Stinson)’s great contribution to the early band, and then Slim was sort of Mach II, and then we ended up with a different drummer, so, as an easy way out it’s easy to say “the lead guitar player’s dead”.. and it changed Tommy and I forever. It changed our relationship and we’ve never been quite the same since. So that’s a little bit of a touchier a situation there.
me: Twin/Tone has video of a concert of you guys from 81 on their web site. Have you had a chance to see that?
paul westerberg: No. Is that the one where my hair looks like Frankenstein?
me: No, this is the one where you guys look sober. Was that just a happenstance?
paul westerberg: We could drink, for one. And for two, when we were young we took substances to spruce us up, as they say. Was it indoors or outdoors?
me: I think it was at First Ave.
paul westerberg: I know that one. That was filmed with Husker Du. The real footage, the first footage of us playing outdoors in front of Kaufman Union at the University of Minnesota in 1980, I believe. That’s the coveted stuff. That was the stuff we tried to throw in the river. (Laughs) Maybe we did.
me: A lot of people say you’ve mellowed out over the years, but going back to your catalogue even from the first album with “Nowhere Is My Home” and “If Only You Were Lonely”; “Within Your Reach”, “Kiss Me On The Bus”, “Sixteen Blue” all those songs, those were all songs that could have been on “Folker”. So have you always been kinda melancholy at heart?
paul westerberg: Sure, and I’ve always been able to bellow out screeching rock n roll. Like, I can’t think of the examples, there were some, “Pine Box”, stuff like that that was on the Grampaboy record or my record recently rocks about as hard as anything. I do go from a whisper to a shout and I’ve always enjoyed both styles. Give me Jackson Browne and gimme the Ramones. I’m a lover of both. I guess that’s what’s kept me out of the mainstream forever.
me: Now that you wont be knocking out two records a year, your old buddy Bob Mould has a pretty popular rock blog on the web, have you ever been interested of having a public journal of your thoughts or anything like that?
paul westerberg: No. Obviously I don’t even own a cell phone because I (accidentally) hung up on you. I’m a man of wood and dirt. I don’t go online. I don’t want to know what they say. I don’t like the fact that the instant — what we play Monday night is instantly available and so they know on Tuesday night. It puts more pressure to pull something off the cuff or out of the blue. But we’re going to try.
me: Recently you were on Jim Rome’s sports talk show. Do you listen to his show an awful lot?
a. I was tricked into it.
me: Were you?
paul westerberg: It was like, “This guy’s gonna call you up. Talk to him for a little bit.” So it’s like “sure, whatever.”
me: So you weren’t a fan of the show?
paul westerberg: I never heard it.
me: What other big famous stars have called you their favorite rock star like he did?
paul westerberg: Nobody terribly cool as far as I know.
me: So you don’t expect all of Hollywood to come out to the shows then?
paul westerberg: ahhh, no I don’t. (Laughs) It’s probably the night of the Grammys for all I know.
me: Are you using an iPod to listen to your music nowadays?
paul westerberg: No. No. I still like to pull out 45s and put them on the mono record player in the basement. I love the past and I love what it is. I feel I can learn more from what has come before than what is happening right now and what’s happening tomorrow. I’ll leave that to someone else who’s young and energetic.
Somebody gave me a blues compilation, a DVD from England, ’62-’69. It’s got Little Walker and Skip James and stuff and it’s I really enjoy watching that kind of stuff. I enjoy watching the Rolling Stones from that era too. I’m not a modern guy.
me: And you’re definitely a Minnesotan. Are there any spots you’re gonna wanna hang out at? Do you have any favorite LA spots?
paul westerberg: No. I go from the bathroom to the living room to the headphones to the telephone. I never go anywhere. There was a time I walked over to the Pink Dot to buy something, a candy bar. No. I’m not a go-seer of stuff.
me: Is that another reason why you’re not going crazy about touring?
paul westerberg: You make it so– The first gig is the 17th in Vancouver and I’m flying in on the 17th, that afternoon. If the flight is delayed or something then whoops. I’ll get there at 8pm, and get right to the gig, put on my shirt and kick it out.
I just talked to Michael and we’re trying to think of a good song for Prince to play on. I was thinking shit, what’s got a long, wiggy guitar solo on it? We’re stumped for now, but… We’ll think of something.
me: Is he going to be out here?
paul westerberg: I don’t know. Michael’s put in an appearance with him, and we’ve crossed paths, but… who knows who’ll show up.
me: Well, do a Prince song. You’re always good for covers.
top photo of paul via man without ties, photo of bob dylan via bobdylan.com
posted on April 23, 2008 at 11:25 pm | permalink
how was your earth day?
did you ride your bike on the freeway?
Banned Bicycles shot this amazing video of something that looks ridiculously dangerous: riding your bike on the 10 and 405 freeways. a feat that is just as brilliant as it’s sadly pragmatic. unfortunately it’s also completely illegal.
the reason its dangerous isnt because cars are speeding along the thoroughfare. its dangerous because commuters are so filled with roadrage that theyre likely to smash into a cyclist simply out of jealousy.
It was definitely a product of much heated ethical and legal debate, but we ended up doing it. My friend “Taco Bell Big Box Lunch” and I organized a Santa Monica Freeway ride from Cloverfield to Centinela (on-ramp to off-ramp). 9 other riders showed up and we sped through automotive paralysis like water molecules through kidneys. Post-ride epiphany = no less safe than riding on the PCH (which spandex roadies do daily) or any other surface street congested with gridlock. – Perry of Banned Bicycles
For the record, Perry and his dozen or so amigos didn’t pull this ride off on Earth Day but a day or two beforehand. Much love to LAist for bringing this amazing footage to our attention. It reminds me of the helmet cam video of motorcyclists zipping through rushhour traffic by going inbetween the cars, aka Lane Splitting.
woke up yesterday in such a bad mood
and i dont know about you but i really believe that you can shake off bad moods and create goodness. call me crazy. but i was so sad and mad and confused and pissed off and everything was wrong and my house was a mess and the mirror did not reflect that man who i wanted to be.
then a funny thing happened. i was at a red light and i looked to my right and there was this kid who i work with. i didnt know his name but id see him from time to time. so i rolled down the window and said yo do you work over in blah blah blah and he was all yeah. turned out we were in the elevator together the other day and didnt say anything to each other and there we were riding down sunset talking about the Beauty Bar and the girls who go there and drinking downtown and before we know it we were right next to the Times building
and there were the Donnas walking down the sidewalk.
i honked and yelled THE DONNAS!
and they stopped and looked at my like i was the most disgusting human alive ever.
and fuck if i cared that was the !@#$# DONNAS! i was so excited.
so me and bro park in the garage, make it to the door that we think the donnas showed up at. not sure if they were even on that sidewalk to go into the times but i kept thinking, why would 3 of the donnas be walking down spring street at 11am? if they were going to City Hall they woulda parked there. aint nothing around us worth walking to at that hour except us.
so i asked the security guard when we got there “hey was there an all girl rock band here just a few minutes ago?” and he said yep.
and we went upstairs and friends, LA and the LA Times and my life and your life can all be turned around justlikethat
and it only got better as the day went on.
this is how crazy it got.
my favorite meal (tofu steak, steamed baby carrots, steamed broccoli) was in the cafeteria, drudge linked a few of posts, digg gave us some love, and the cubs won.
i even think a pretty girl sent me an email that said hi im coming to LA and im bringing my collection of plaid skirts cuz i cant just choose one.
or was that a dream?
like the rest of all of this? this being life. this being your life with me starring as the luckiest of all. this being my life with you being the reason we’re here.
this being kristin pony, above, from halloween. and this being a shoutout to her as she studies for the bar exam. best of luck baby.
posted on April 23, 2008 at 12:55 am | permalink
The Coachella Lineup
with my picks in bold
Coachella Stage:
Rogue Wave, 1:30-2:15 p.m.
John Butler Trio, 2:30-3:20 p.m.
Slightly Stoopid, 3:45-4:35 p.m.
The Breeders, 5-5:50 p.m.
Tegan and Sara, 6:15-7:05 p.m.
The Raconteurs, 7:30-8:30 p.m.
The Verve, 9-10 p.m.
Jack Johnson, 10:45-midnight
Outdoor Theatre
LuckyIAm, 2-2:50 p.m.
Les Savy Fav, 3:10-4 p.m.
Architecture in Helsinki, 4:20-5:15 p.m.
Vampire Weekend, 5:40-6:30 p.m.
The National, 6:55-7:45 p.m.
The Swell Season, 8:25-9:15 p.m.
Serj Tankian, 9:55-10:45 p.m.
DJ Mehdi, opening-2 p.m.
Midnight Juggernauts, 2-2:50 p.m.
Sebastian, 2:50-3:40 p.m.
Busy P, 3:40-4:40 p.m.
Adam Freeland, 4:40-5:50 p.m.
Sandra Collins, 5:50-7 p.m.
Diplo, 7-8 p.m.
Aphex Twin, 8-9 p.m.
Pendulum, 9:20-10:20 p.m.
Fatboy Slim, 10:45 p.m.
America Bang, 1:15-1:55 p.m.
Redd Kross, 2:15-3:05 p.m.
Black Kids, 3:25-4:10 p.m.
Jens Lekman, 4:35-5:25 p.m.
Mum, 5:50-6:45 p.m.
Goldfrapp, 7:10-8 p.m.
Aesop Rock, 8:20-9:10 p.m.
Sharon Jones and the Dap Kings, 9:35-10:25 p.m.
Black Lips, 10:50-11:40 p.m.
Porter, 2-2:40 p.m.
Battles, 3-3:45 p.m.
Dan Deacon, 4-4:50 p.m.
Cut Copy, 5:15-6:05 p.m.
Dan le Sac vs. Scroobius Pip, 6:30-7:20 p.m.
Santogold, 7:45-8:35 p.m.
Datarock, 9-9:45 p.m.
Spank Rock, 10:05-10:50 p.m.
Professor Murder, 11:10-midnight
Coachella Stage
VHS or Beta, 1:35-2:20 p.m.
Minus the Bear, 2:45-3:35 p.m.
Cold War Kids, 4-4:50 p.m.
Cafe Tacuba, 5:15-6:05 p.m.
Death Cab for Cutie, 6:30-7:20 p.m.
Kraftwerk, 7:50-8:50 p.m.
Portishead, 9:15-10:15 p.m.
Prince, 10:45 p.m.
Jupiter’s Ring, 12:30-1 p.m.
Little Brother, 1:15-2 p.m.
Dredg, 2:20-3:10 p.m.
Devotchka, 3:35-4:25 p.m.
Stephen Malkmus & the Jicks, 4:50-5:40 p.m.
Dwight Yoakam, 6:05-6:55 p.m.
Rilo Kiley, 7:20-8:10 p.m.
Mark Ronson, 8:35-9:25 p.m.
Flogging Molly, 9:50-10:40 p.m.
Institubes, opening-1:30 p.m.
Uffie featuring DJ Mehdi, 1:30-2:20 p.m.
Kavinsky, 2:20-3:10 p.m.
James Zabiela, 3:10-4 p.m.
Boyz Noize, 4-5 p.m.
Erol Alken, 5-6 p.m.
Hot Chip, 6:10-7 p.m.
Junkie XL, 7:05-8:05 p.m.
M.I.A., 8:20-9:10 p.m.
Sasha & John Digweed, 9:10-11:10 p.m.
Above & Beyond, 11:10 p.m.
The Bird and the Bee, 12:30-1:10 p.m.
The Teenagers, 1:30-2:10 p.m.
Man Man, 2:30-3:15 p.m.
MGMT, 3:40-4:30 p.m.
Kate Nash, 4:5-5:45 p.m.
Scars on Broadway, 6:10-6:45 p.m.
Islands, 7:10-8 p.m.
Animal Collective, 8:25-9:15 p.m.
Yelle, 9:30-10:20 p.m.
Enter Shikari, 10:45-11:35 p.m.
Yoav, 1-1:30 p.m.
Carbon/Silicon, 1:45-2:35 p.m.
120 Days, 3-3:45 p.m.
Bonde de Role, 4:05-4:55 p.m.
St. Vincent, 5:20-6:10 p.m.
Cinematic Orchestra, 6:35-7:20 p.m.
Yo! Majesty, 7:40-8:20 p.m.
Akron/Family, 8:40-9:30 p.m.
Calvin Harris, 9:55-10:45 p.m.
Austin TV, 1-1:45 p.m.
The Cool Kids, 2-2:40 p.m.
Shout Out Louds, 3-3:50 p.m.
Stars, 4:15-5:05 p.m.
Gogol Bordello, 5:30-6:20 p.m.
Sean Penn, 6:45-7 p.m.
My Morning Jacket, 7-8 p.m.
Roger Waters, 8:30-11 p.m.
Vas Defrans, 12:45-1:10 p.m.
Grand Ole Party, 1:20-2:05 p.m.
Electric Touch, 2:30-3:20 p.m.
Manchester Orchestra, 3:45-4:35 p.m.
Autolux, 5-5:50 p.m.
Metric, 6:15-7:05 p.m.
Love and Rockets, 7:30-8:25 p.m.
Institubes, opening-2 p.m.
Perry Farrell, 2-2:45 p.m.
Dimitri From Paris, 2:45-4 p.m.
Deadmau5, 4-5 p.m.
Booka Shade, 5-5:50 p.m.
Danny Tenaglia, 5:50-7:50 p.m.
Modeselektor, 8-9 p.m.
Simian Mobile Disco, 9-9:50 p.m.
Chromeo, 10-10:50 p.m.
Justice, 11 p.m.
Plasticines, 1-1:30 p.m.
Annuals, 1:45-2:25 p.m.
I’m From Barcelona, 2:45-3:30 p.m.
Duffy, 3:55-4:40 p.m.
Swervedriver, 5:05-5:55 p.m.
Spiritualized, 6:20-7:20 p.m.
Sia, 7:45-8:35 p.m.
Murs, 9-9:50 p.m.
Black Mountain, 10:15-11:05 p.m.
Brett Dennen, 12:30-1:15 p.m.
Linton Kwesi Johnson, 1:25-2:10 p.m.
Sean Penn, 2:10-2:40 p.m.
Holy Fuck, 2:50-3:35 p.m.
The Field, 4-4:45 p.m.
Does It Offend You, Yeah?, 5:10-6 p.m.
Kidsister With A-Trak, 6:20-7:20 p.m.
Sons & Daughters, 7:40-8:30 p.m.
photos via 3121.com
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My Intellectual History, Part Deux
My first specifically academic training in the particulars of science and theology transpired in the classroom of Diogenes Allen when I took his Introduction to Philosophy at Princeton Seminary. (Incidentally, these lectures later became his book, Christian Belief in a Postmodern World: The Full Wealth of Conviction.) Dr. Allen (to this day, I would never call him “Diogenes”) started with the need to integrate theological insights with science, especially those of scientific methodology. It was intriguing, but I wasn’t quite sure what he was doing. In fact, I recall a conversation with a co-seminarian, John, where I presented him with the question, “Why is Dr. Allen so into science? I’m not sure I understand.” John’s response: “Because science has a certain precision” (and therefore astonishing success). Though I was later to labor in the fields of the historical, even “scientific,” study of the Bible at Princeton, the specific work in which I’m now engaged, bringing together science and theology, was for me embryonic at best.
After my Master of Divinity at Princeton, I received a fellowship and a grant for a year’s study in Heidelberg and Tübingen, Germany—with renowned minds like Jürgen Moltmann and Hans Kung, and especially the then up-and-coming light, Michael Welker. Welker guided my inquiry into the concept of the world (and how it relates to God) by guiding me toward the thought the mathematician and philosopher, Alfred North Whitehead. (Incidentally, Whitehead’s intricate and complex theory language—though putatively English—proved to be often more difficult than learning German.) It was a glorious year. Studying under the shadow of the Heidelberg Castle with this brilliant scholar and his double PhDs (one in philosophy, one in theology) constitutes, in my book, inspiration.
After that superb year away, I returned to California and started my PhD at the
Graduate Theological Union (GTU), where theology and science represented the best game in town (or at least on GTU’s Holy Hill). I began to set Whitehead’s thought in conversation with the theology of Karl Barth, that is, to compare a scientist with a theologian. I remember encountering my two mentors there, Ted Peters and Bob Russell. (This eventually became my book, God and the World.) In experiencing Bob in the classroom—lecturing, for example, on the relation of quantum theory to divine action—I encountered someone brilliant in three fields: theology, science, and philosophy (which are themselves really each sets of disciplines). There I observed Bob doing the work he loves so well: bringing together this sometimes messy, and often electrifying, combination
of theology and science with his characteristic wit, brilliance, and profound kindness. Ted, my dissertation advisor (or Doktorvater, as he and the Germans would call it), could as easily unveil the insights of genetics, Trinitarian theology, and the mythology of the Egyptian god Ra. Both Ted and Bob fully convinced me, as a student of theology, of the imperative to take in the importance of science. Actually, they also made the bridging of theology and science both enjoyable and compelling.
It’s something I’m even more convinced of almost twenty years later.
Labels: Peters, Robert John Russell, science and religion
Eight Problems Facing the Science-Faith Dialogue with Young Adults
I’m not one of those people who believes that you can transform every problem into a “challenge” or an “opportunity.” With that in mind, as I think back about my interviews with young adults (18-30 years old) for my research project on science and religion, I see at least eight problems we have to face:
And yet another way to respond...
Young adults sense that religion is against—is at war with—science (and vice versa, to some degree). They may not actually feel it themselves, but they hear it on the news.
Therefore they don’t think the integration of religion and science is possible.
The topic of science and religion seems too heady, takes too much effort, and is not connected with pressing life issues.
Speaking specifically of Christianity, the Bible seems outdated and unscientific.
In terms of the church’s often not embracing the LBGT community, religion seems uninformed by science and therefore actually immoral.
Many emerging adults would rather Google, than go than go to a congregation, in pursuing of answers about science and religion.
Interesting to note: Many students I’ve interviewed, even if they’re not traditionally religious, have difficulty with evolution, especially that “we came from monkeys.”
It’s hard to decide on one religion in light of all the possibilities for spirituality, which makes it difficult to know what religion to bring to science.
How do we solve these problems? My hunch is that the Christian church has to be honest about them, and neither leave its core commitments nor sidestep the problems.
I’ll leave it there for now. What do you think?
Labels: science and religion
Why I'm Interested In How Young Adults See Science and Religion
In relating science and religion, I fall into the Integration camp—that is, I agree with those thinkers that conclude the two need to make a difference to each other by learning from one another. I’m also fascinated by how emerging adults (18-30 year olds) understand this interaction of science and religion. It might be worthwhile to comment briefly on how I came to find all these strands compelling and why I’m seeking to wind them together in the current grant project I’m working on, Science for Emerging, Young Adults.
The precipitating event seems reasonably clear: I became a Christian as a first year college student at age 18—that is, during what is now know as “emerging adulthood” (a term coined by the psychologist Jeffrey Arnett in 2000—and that’s most likely why faith for 18-30 year olds will continue to allure me. My conversion also occurred in the secular environment of UC Berkeley. (In other words, “Go to Cal and become a Christian” should sound like an oxymoron.) I wasn’t nurtured from the cradle in the Bible Belt. All this means I’m also absorbed by the challenges and questions that an unbelieving culture presents. And often those arguments against faith derive from science (or science poorly understand and misused). Nevertheless, the issues of science qua science were not at first at the forefront of my faith. Instead, as a literature major during the Berkeley years, I was more engaged with the overall questions of culture. During my undergrad, I was much more concerned with religious pluralism (and still am); it’s a topic I confront through my C. S. Lewis book in “Jesus and the Crisis of Other Myths.” For the purposes of this brief essay, I’ll merely say that I, with Lewis, believe that truth can be found in many other narratives, religions, and philosophies (“myths” for Lewis), but that in Jesus the full revelation of God is present and that Jesus fulfills the longings of all human hearts. That doesn’t mean science was absent in my earlier theological development. Science, as a part of culture, emerged more gradually, primarily first as a way of integrating my faith with wider human knowledge, as well as ways that our culture resists and impugns faith.
Later—after a sojourn in business—I continued my academic study in the history of Christian thought, and I found that science often posed a barrier to belief. Put simply I began to encounter the “warfare thesis” (science and religion are two warring forces with the former clearly winning), a position associated with Andrew Dickson White in the 19th century and Richard Dawkins in ours. I also realized that this view was challenging, but simplistic... More on the next steps in a future post...
Written During the Month of St. Clive (i.e., November)
This article first appeared in the Wall Street Journal. Nevertheless, there was a longer version lurking behind it (which didn't fit within the WSJ word count). So I'm posting it now (and, incidentally, it's a short summary of my new book on Lewis.)
CSL memorial in Poet's Corner, Westminster Abbey
C. S. Lewis was born and died in November (116 and 51 years ago, respectively). Despite his long tenure as an Oxford and Cambridge scholar of Medieval and Renaissance literature—for which he could justifiable be remembered as one of the great lights of English academics—he remains best known as a popular spokesperson for Christianity, with a fourth major film poised for production from his landmark fantasy series, The Chronicles of Narnia. His bestselling books (with millions of copies sold) defend Christian belief by answering questions that a doubting public might be struggling with. As Anthony Burgess once commented in the Times Book Review, “Lewis is the ideal persuader for the half-convinced, for the good man who would like to be a Christian but finds his intellect getting in the way.” Thus, for many, the patron saint of intellectual doubters is Clive Staples Lewis and November is the Month of St. Clive.
This brings me to a concern. Many might conclude that Lewis represented the Christian Answer Man, and more importantly, that these responses to struggles and doubts came effortlessly to his pen. However fluidly ideas emerge from his writings, I don’t believe resolving crises was painless for Lewis. Instead, in reading him for 35 years, I’ve learned each of those responses came through crises and pain. That is what makes him continually compelling.
Debra Winger, who played Lewis’s wife, Joy Davidman, in the film Shadowlands, when asked to evaluate C. S. Lewis, replied:
He may make difficult questions accessible. I don’t think he makes answers ‘easy.’ I don’t think he answers questions. He discusses them.
Lewis doesn’t ultimately give us answers—he invites our response.
And so his readers learn to engage their questions, grasp Lewis’s resolutions and ponder their own answers. That’s why I think his words have spoken to—and continue to resonate with—millions of readers.
The crises that Lewis faced were substantial—his beloved mother’s death when at age nine, being sent within several weeks to a series of boarding schools which he detested, fighting and being wounded in World War I, living through the Great Depression and World II, caring for his alcoholic brother and for Janie Moore (the mother of a friend who died in WWI) who slipped into dementia toward the end of her life, and finally, experiencing the death of his wife, Joy. For these reasons alone, Lewis had to work through the crisis of suffering and death.
And how did he work through those crises? His stepson Douglas Gresham records about Lewis’s response to the death of his wife,
He did what he always did under extreme stress. He sat down at his desk, and looking into himself and carefully observing what was happening deep in his mind where we keep our inmost secrets, he picked up his pen and an old exercise book and began to write.
So write he did. He wrote about the crises he faced with atheism, with the Christian faith, and those he faced simply as a human being. The first category I will summarize briefly. The middle—especially his crisis with the Bible—might be the most surprising.
Lewis tells us that he became an atheist around fourteen, but that his prickly, cynical unbelief wasn’t entirely satisfied because he sought something beyond this world. He called this Joy, “an unsatisfied desire which is itself more desirable than any other satisfaction.” Joy led him to conclude that nothing in this world could satisfy.
If I find in myself a desire which no experience in this world can satisfy,the most probable explanation is that I was made for another world.
He looked beyond this world and in his early thirties (recounted with pardonable overstatement) became “the most dejected and reluctant convert in all England.” The point here is that Lewis did not emerge from the womb as a man absent of doubt who glided gradually and effortlessly into prominence as a leading spokesperson for Christian orthodoxy. He struggled, and that struggle and resolution animate his writing.
The middle set of crises easily deconstruct the misunderstanding of St. Clive as patron saint of easy answers to puzzles about Christianity.
As he pondered conversion, Lewis had to grapple with his love of myth, which he spoke of as “at its best, a real unfocused gleam of divine truth falling on human imagination.” How could he believe in the Bible in light of all the other myths he treasured?
As a literary scholar, he how to read a book and prized what books bring. “There is nothing in literature,” Lewis determined in his famous academic study, The Allegory of Love, “which does not, in some degree, percolate into life.” He read the Good Book full of narratives, meaningful stories. He believed the Bible “carries” the word of God and that derives its authority from the one Word of God, Jesus Christ. He was by no means a fundamentalist, who believed every word from Scripture contained literal truth or that the Bible equals the Word of God. Instead, Lewis interpreted the Bible as a literary text, which is certainly not the same as taking the text literally.
Finally, Lewis also took on crises that no human being can avoid—suffering, death, and what I call “the crisis of feeling.” The latter is that problem we face when emotions don’t lead us to contentment. Put another way, if life is supposed to feel good, what happens when it doesn’t? Feelings—particularly the emotional rush of life—remain for many the final arbiter of truth and decision-making.
And yet Lewis found his own wisdom hard to take when his wife, Joy, died. The pain was excruciating and left him feeling “concussed.” Not only had he lost someone he cherished, but he saw his own life replayed—Joy had two young sons whom she was leaving behind at almost the same age as Lewis and his brother at their mother’s death. His anguish disturbed easy answers, and his searing honesty remains the most arresting feature of A Grief Observed, the book he wrote just after Joy’s death:
Not that I am (I think) in much danger of ceasing to believe in God. The real danger is of coming to believe such dreadful things about Him.
Yet as the book progressed, he resolved that even God himself does not respond to every inquiry:
When I lay these questions before God I get no answer. But a rather special sort of ‘No answer.’ It is not the locked door. It is more like a silent, certainly not uncompassionate, gaze. As though He shook His head not in refusal but waiving the question. Like, ‘Peace, child; you don’t understand.’
Lewis himself did not receive every answer he longed for. And that, in the end, brought a resolution that transcended his understanding.
So, if indeed November is the Month of St. Clive, and if Lewis has become a somewhat universal symbol of Christianity, let us not conclude that the best life can be discovered through the uncomplicated resolution of all crises, nor the easy answer to every problem. Instead, let Lewis model for us an engagement with crises and a life that lies beyond easy answers.
Labels: C. S. Lewis, Christian spirituality, suffering
The Science of Christianity’s Future: Some Repetition, Some Additional Notes
As I peer into the future of science and religion, certain related questions fascinate me. How will the faith of emerging adults (18-30 years old) provide a lens for viewing what the future of Christian faith and science will be?
As I've mentioned before and is worth repeating, according to the noted researchers Christian Smith and Kyle Longest, 70% of 18-23 year olds “agree” or “strongly agree” that the teachings of religion and science conflict. In addition, a complementary study by David Kinnaman found that one of the six top reasons that the infamous 30% of young adults have left the church is that the latter is seen as “antiscience.”
I'll say it again: churches are going to have to engage science and its insights. There is a science to the future of Christianity.
In the research project I lead (a bit more on that here), I’m analyzing the surveys by Smith/Longest, Kinnaman and others, as well as interviewing young adults (18-30 years old) on how they formed their ideas about religion and science and how these attitudes change. The classic typology for understanding how religion and science interaction comes from the late doyen of this discipline, the physicist-theologian Ian Barbour. It’s a typology that has remarkable staying appeal, and which I’ll modify just a bit. Accordingly, I’ve found that emerging adults fall into three categories. (He had a fourth category, Dialogue, which is Integration-lite, and hasn’t appeared much in my research. So I won’t include that.) Warfare: Religion and science will never agree. Independence: These are two completely different ways to look at the world who ought to go separate ways Integration: They need to make a difference to each other by collaborating.
Let me say a word about each. First, Warfare—how prevalent is it in my study of young adults? I’m going to tentatively suggest that it’s about 10-20%. On the second view, Independence, my number here is 30-40%. Students take this approach when they’re not really sure what they believe, and as Christian Smith was surprised to find in his separate study, Souls in Transition, most 18-30 year olds remain remarkably vague in what they believe whether it’s about God or science or a host of other topics. Finally, about 30-40% of young adults (again I speak tentatively) endorse an Integration of science and religion. But they need to know science well, not just want suits their theology and endorses their doctrine, but also presents challenges and unresolved questions. As C. S. Lewis warned a group of Anglican priests, that Christianity must be careful about using science glibly, “Science twisted in the interests of apologetics would be a sin and a folly.”
And that is a good admonition for the Christian church as it engages in this dialogue and seeks to secure a robust future.
Labels: C. S. Lewis, Ian Barbour
Eight Problems Facing the Science-Faith Dialogue w...
Why I'm Interested In How Young Adults See Science...
Written During the Month of St. Clive (i.e., Novem...
The Science of Christianity’s Future: Some Repetit...
C. S. Lewis’s Acts of Imagination
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16 April 2011 | Engagements
On the 17th April the band made what is becoming its traditional trek to the London Marathon. We were allocated to play in the same place as last year on Jamaica Road in Bermondsey which is at about the 12 mile point of the marathon.
It was an early start for the band leaving Southampton at 6:00am in order to arrive in London before all the roads were closed off. We arrived at about 8:00am and immediately descended on the nearest coffee shop for breakfast. The owner must have thought all his Christmases had arrived at once!! Having polished off a number of bacon sandwiches and the like we were able to set up in order to be ready by the time the first runners (or wheelchair athletes) went past.
The band played from 9:30am until almost 1:00pm with only one short break in between. They played a selection of lively music to keep up the spirits of the athletes. The London Marathon theme (Ron Goodwin’s The Trap) was played more than once as was the Sports Report theme on Radio 5 (Out of the Blue).
By 1:00pm the mop up operation had begun and the stragglers were having to negotiate the people and lorries clearing up as well as their fellow runners.
The band packed up and were able to get on their way. They were able to get home at just after 3:30pm when some athletes were still running.
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Estes Park, CO Real Estate
The Village of Estes Park is surrounded by nationally protected lands and mountain peaks ranging in elevation from 8,500 feet to over 14,000. Visitors from around the world come to look at the majestic snowcapped peaks and experience outdoor activities.
12 Outdoor Fall Adventures in Northern Colorado
from Northern Colorado Speaks
Fall is officially here! And while we admire our gorgeous scenery all year long, from the towering snow-capped mountains in the winter to the crystal clear lakes in the heat of summer, there is nothing quite like autumn in Northern Colorado.... Link to the Article
The Community of Estes Park
The Village of Estes Park is bordered by Rocky Mountain National Park. Its mountain peaks range in elevation from 8,500 to over 14,000 feet. Visitors from around the world come to experience its majestic setting and participate in outdoor activities – walking, hiking, fishing, mountain climbing, ice climbing, snowshoeing.
Estes Park is a year-round community with nearly 6,000 residents. The downtown offers unique shops, galleries, restaurants and places to explore. The Big Thompson and Fall Rivers meet at Riverside Plaza, an open park connecting to the Riverwalk. Eight miles of improved hike and bike trails that traverse the valley floor past a bird sanctuary, golf courses and circle Lake Estes.
The village has established an international reputation for the quality and variety of festivals it hosts. These include the Stanley Film Festival (held on the grounds of the Stanley Hotel where horror-writer Stephen King penned “The Shining,” Scandinavian Midsummer Festival, Rooftop Rodeo, Longs Peak Scottish Irish Highland Festival, Wool Market, Jazz Fest & Art Walk, Elk Fest, Catch the Glow Holiday Parade & Celebration and Estes Park Duck Race.
The climate is dry, both summer and winters, receiving an average of 14 inches of precipitation each year. On average, the village receives only 34 inches of snow during a winter season.
Population: 6,000 (2012 estimate)
Elevation: 7,522
Climate: Nearly 300 days of sunshine per year with an average of 14” of precipitation
Geography: Estes Park sits at an elevation of 7,522 feet on the front range of the Rocky Mountains at the eastern entrance of the Rocky Mountain National Park
Churches: Approximately 20 churches of varied denominations
Median Family Income: $52,778
There are approximately 1,200 students, in grades pre-kindergarten through 12 attending Estes Park.
Park School District R-3 follows the Colorado Department of Education curriculum standards for the CORE subjects as well as art, music, and physical education. Special Education, English as a Second Language, gifted education, and foreign language are examples of additional curricular programs offered at Park School District. In addition, there are numerous sports, clubs, and other activities that are available to students.
Rocky Mountain National Park, rated the #1 Outdoor and Adventure Destination in the U.S. by Trip Advisor, is just 4 short miles west of Estes Park. The park encompasses 415 square miles of mountain peaks with more than 350 miles of hiking, over 700 species of wildflowers, 150 names lakes, and Longs Peak, one of Colorado’s best known “14-ers.” Abundant wildlife can be seen year round, including the elk that frequently roam downtown.
The Estes Park Medical Center is a 25-bed critical access, acute care facility with a 24-hour emergency department, 24-hour ambulance service, emergency air transport, medical/surgical services, obstetrics, home health care and hospice. University of Colorado Health—and its affiliated Poudre Valley Hospital—operate the Timberline Medical Family Practice and Urgent Care. This facility is staffed six days per week with three doctors and a nurse practitioner.
Tourists are the lifeblood of the region’s economy. Most jobs are in hospitality or supporting industries. Small business owners are the backbone of the region. Real estate/construction is the second largest job provider. Many residents commute daily to Loveland, Fort Collins and the Boulder area.
Median Sale Price ($)
Sale Price as % of Asking Price
2425 Longview Drive
MLS 923891 | Taking Backup Offers
Listing Courtesy of Estes Park Team Realty
MLS 921383 | Active
Listing Courtesy of Golba Group Real Estate LLC
1741 Olympian Lane
Listing Courtesy of RE/MAX Mountain Brokers
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201 Curry Drive
Listing Courtesy of Keller Williams Rlty Partners
Estes Park, CO Homes for Sale
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You can now review the 2040 General Plan, December 2020 Draft. The General Plan is the principal policy document guiding the development and conservation of local municipalities and is often referred to as the “constitution” of local development.
The General Plan also reflects the vision and values of a community. The City's General Plan serves as a basis for decisions that affect the City’s growth and development, relative to transportation, land use, streets and infrastructure, parks and open space, housing and neighborhood character, recreation and community facilities, downtown, environmental resources, public health and safety, and hazards such as wildfire and flooding. The General Plan is a strategic and long-term document identifying goals and polices that guides and directs the City in terms of implementing policies, programs, and resources. While serving as an overarching guide for the future, many of the policies and program of the General Plan are implemented through other specific documents, regulations, and programs, such as the Municipal Code, the Capital Improvement Program (CIP), and the Bicycle and Pedestrian Master Plan (BPMP), to name a few.
To remain effective, a General Plan usually focuses on a time horizon of 10 to 20 years. The City's General Plan was last completely updated in 1990 and has been subject to several amendments since that time. Because Larkspur is a largely a built-out community, there has been little change to the long-range development vision of the community. The community prizes the city’s existing small-town character and its historic downtown and neighborhoods. However, as perspectives on land use and environmental issues continue to evolve, the City’s General Plan requires substantive update to address new State mandates and the impacts of climate change. With adoption of an updated General Plan in 2020-21, the City is looking towards a 20-year timeline to 2040.
the City of Larkspur’s Draft General Plan addresses updates to six of the seven required "elements": Land Use, Circulation, Conservation, Open Space, Noise, and Safety, as required by State law. However, the Housing Element was last updated and approved by the City Council on May 20, 2015 and approved by the state Housing and Community Development Department on May 28, 2015. Consistent with State Law, the current Housing Element remains effective through 2023. The City will initiate update to the Housing element for the 6th Regional Housing Need Allocation (RHNA) cycle in 2021.
⇐Previous Additional COVID-19 Testing Launching in Marin and LarkspurNext⇒ January 20, 2021, Council Meeting Teleconference Only
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Where the far left and far right overlap for fun and enlightenment
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May 2014 Blog Posts (22)
Democratic convention, Mayor Ballard and cricket, and more!
Today “Civil Discourse Now” launches its own channel on “Live 365.” The past two weeks we have experienced technical difficulties we previously had not encountered. We are unable to get on the air for nearly an hour. We no longer will have such problems.
In February, after one of its fracking sites blew up large sections of a Pennsylvania township, corporate honchos at Chevron gave residents of the area damaged “free” pizzas.
In ancient Rome, the poet…
Added by Mark Small on May 31, 2014 at 6:07am — No Comments
State Democratic Convention, and new developments for "Civil Discourse Now"!
Tomorrow, Saturday, May 31, “Civil Discourse Now” will stream live from the Indianapolis Convention Center, 100 South Capitol where we shall provide coverage of the Indiana State Democratic Party convention.
Join us from 11 am to 1 pm as we interview candidates for State-wide office as well as delegates from all over Indiana. Matt Stone will join me. Kimann Schultz will provide her “Fashion News & Muse” segment. Plus, we shall feature a new episode of “Tail of the City,” with…
State Democratic Convention Saturday, 11 am to 1 pm, but also: we do not need a constitutional convention.
Saturday we will stream live from the Indiana State Democratic Convention, from 11 am to 1 pm. We will have candidates for state-wide office, as well as delegates from all over Indiana, as guests.
Another type of convention has been in the news the past few days. There has been a push to have a convention to address changes in the United States Constitution. A constitutional convention is a very bad idea.
First, if large corporations dump money into specific Congressional…
May 31: Indiana State Democratic Party convention streamed on "Civil Discourse Now"!
Next Saturday, May 31, “Civil Discourse Now” will stream live from the Indianapolis Convention Center, 100 South Capitol where we shall provide coverage of the Indiana State Democratic Party convention.
Join us from 11 am to 1 pm as we interview candidates for State-wide office as well as delegates from all over Indiana. Matt Stone will join me. Kimann Schultz will provide her “Fashion News & Muse” segment. Plus, we shall feature a new episode of “Tail of the City,” with the…
Today's Show: guest panelists Rick Ward and George Wilson discuss the Indianapolis 500 from Good Earth!
Today we will talk about the 500 with Rick Ward---whose racing team I once helped sponsor---and George Wilson, sports savant extraordinaire. We shall stream "live" from Good Earth in Broad Ripple. Matt Stone will provide his outlook on the Race and on current events. Kimann Schultz will give us her "Fashion News and Muse."
Tomorrow's Show: the Indianapolis 500 (r).
Near Kokomo, outside the hamlet of West Middleton on Sunnybrook Farm, where I was raised, an annual event was the radio broadcast of the Indianapolis 500. Sid Collins, who started his radio career at Kokomo's WIOU, was the "Voice of the 500." After Tony Hulman announced, "Gentlemen, start your engines!" the excitement was "on."
During the parade lap, announcers from various posts around the track would describe each car in two or three rows. "We go to Howdie Bell in Turn Two!"…
Mr. Tibbs and capital punishment: the Establishment Clause (and common sense) preclude divine imposition of the death penalty.
This morning brought another interesting take on capital punishment from the blog “ConservaTibbs” by Scott Tibbs. Last week, I responded to his contention governments here should abolish lethal injection and should take back up firing squads, hanging, or electrocution as means by which people “who deserve to die” are executed.
Today, Mr. Tibbs, on his “Conservatibbs” blog, first set forth the philosophical foundation of his support for capital punishment—that it “is the clear…
Interview with the late Mayor Richard J. Daley of Chicago on the topic of corruption in the Circle City.
Corruption is rife in Indianapolis. The “pay-to-play” system is in place., Donors of large amounts of campaign dollars receive largesse in the form of lucrative contracts. Those few who are lucky enough to own professional sports franchises sniff out and chomp onto extra dollars Indianapolis might have at any given time.
Last night I decided to speak with an authority on corruption—Mayor Richard J. Daley, former Mayor of Chicago. If you think he still is alive, you are thinking of…
Today's Show: at JT's Grill, 2210 East 54th Street and---I wish Scott Tibbs would stop by or at least respond.
The death penalty is an archaic means by which fewer societies attempt to address crime.
There are several reasons advanced “for” the death penalty. I addressed several this week in two of my posts on this blog. Scott Tibbs, who blogs at ConservaTibbs, had posted his view that we, as a society through our government, should ban lethal injection as a method of execution. He advocates firing squad, hanging and electrocution. I stated my view that we should abolish all means of…
Ronald Reagan: daily reminders of the legacy of possibly the worst President of the Twentieth Century.
“The disparity in wealth began around 1980" ... “We began to experience these problems in the early 1980s"... “Regulations were eased in the 1980s”...
I noticed a constant in recent stories about our economic, domestic and foreign woes. The year 1980 is used vaguely as a bench mark. There is an actual, specific date when those woes began. The date was January 20, 1981, when the worst president of the Twentieth Century—Ronald Reagan—was sworn into office.
Barely two months in…
ConservaTibbs got me to think more about "Capital Punishment"---a new audience participation Show!
Yesterday, the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Judicial Circuit halted the planned execution of Robert James Campbell. Prosecutors had failed to provide Campbell’s attorneys with the results of two intelligence (IQ) tests that indicated Campbell’s IQ was under 70. The United States Supreme Court has held a person who is mentally retarded cannot be executed. Atkins v. Virginia, 536 U.S. 304 (2002). Also, the Court long ago held that the State is under an obligation to…
I agree with ConservaTibbs: we should abolish lethal injections as means of execution---but we should abolish ALL executions.
In his “ConservaTibbs” blog yesterday, Scott Tibbs wrote that governments here should abolish lethal injection as a means of capital punishment. We, as a people, should employ firing squads, hanging, or electrocution as means by which people “who deserve to die” are killed.
Mr. Tibbs perhaps has missed the past couple of hundred years of legal evolution.
At the time the Framers met in Philadelphia for the Constitutional Convention, there were about 60 crimes, in the…
Privatization of Education in Indiana: guest Doug Martin, author of "Hoosier School Heist" and Justin Oakley of "Just Let Me Teach"
"Hoosier School Heist," is a scathing analysis of the privatization of education in the United States, with a special focus on Indiana, written by Doug Martin. Mr. Martin will be a guest on Civil Discourse Now today, streamed live from The Foundry at 236 East 16th Street, from 11 am to 1 pm.
"Hoosier School Heist" portrays corporate greed and political corruption in a bipartisan light: the two "major" political parties have participated equally in the effort to dismantle this…
Tomorrow's Show: education from The Foundry with guests Doug Martin and Justin Oakley.
Civil Discourse Now will stream live from The Foundry at 236 East 16th Street, Saturday, May 10, from 11 am to 1 pm.
On this week’s Show we shall discuss education with Doug Martin, author of “Hoosier School Heist.” Justin Oakley, host of “Just Let Me Teach” and former candidate for Indiana Superintendent of Public Instruction also will join us. We may have one more guest panelist, but again, at this writing, I do not have confirmation.
The system of public education…
Added by Mark Small on May 9, 2014 at 6:05am — No Comments
Rep. Susan Brooks will have to get past Shawn Denney in 2014 to face---Evan Bayh for Senate in 2016?
The dust has settled from the May 6 primaries. Yard signs now can be taken down and recycled. We all can take a big, deep breath and look ahead.
There are two races for United States House of Representatives in Indiana that might prove interesting. In the Second District, incumbent and Republican Jackie Walorski might have her hands full. The Second was reconfigured (i.e., gerrymandered) to be more secure to Republicans. However, Walorski is seen by some as weak. She is extremely…
Way to go, Shawn Denney!
Congratulations are extended to Shawn Denney for his victory in the Democratic primary election for the 5th Congressional District. He will run against incumbent Representative Susan Brooks in the general election in November. I also would like to say “good job” to Allen Ray Davidson who gave it his all, but came up short in the Democratic primary for the same position. Finally, I would say a similar “good job” to David Stockdale, who lost in the GOP primary for the 5th.
Today's primaries: polling sites should be made easy to find and---don't vote for David Ford in the 5th Congressional District.
If you want to know where to vote, one place at which you can find that information is the Voter Information Portal - Indianapolis on the internet. Another is the website of the Office of the Marion County Clerk.
Last week I received a post card from the Office of the Marion County Clerk. The card was quite helpful, as it was notice of where our precinct polling site is located. If I had not shuffled through the junk mail, found, and read the card, I would have driven to…
Tomorrow's primary: if you are a fan of the "tea party" and live in the 5th Congressional District, vote for David Stockdale
Tomorrow, May 6, are the Democratic and Republican primary elections. A lot of candidates are unopposed. One race, about which I have blogged extensively over the past week-and-a-half is for the Democratic Party nomination for 5th Congressional District. Three candidates will be on the ballot. Shawn Denney and Allen Ray Davidson are well-qualified. I would be honored if either of them was elected as my Congressperson. I will vote in the Democratic Party primary, as I have since I first…
Gary Welsh and Paul Ogden: why I've blogged about David Ford's "stealth" candidacy in the 5th Congressional District.
Gary Welsh's "Advance Indiana" and Paul Ogden's "Ogden on Politics" are blogs I read. I disagree with them on a wide variety of issues, but respect them for the views they hold.
Yesterday Gary posted a question about my recent blogs in regard to David Ford, who appears to be a "tea party" candidate, but running in the Fifth Congressional District Democratic Party primary. On FaceBook yesterday, Gary asked why I obsessed over this guy, noting that even if David Ford wins the…
Today---the Indianapolis 500 Festival Mini-Marathon! Good luck to everyone and: let's be careful out there.
Today I will participate in my 16th consecutive "Mini." Two years ago I slowed down just past mile 10 and took the bus to the finish live. Otherwise, I have made it all 13.1 miles on foot each year.
I was gratified this week when David Barris, on Channel 8, did a piece about my participation in the Mini and my diagnosis with MS in 1994. When I was diagnosed, the MS had rendered my legs immobile. I began to walk as therapy, and later used the challenge of the Mini to walk the…
Did an officer abuse status to go wrong way on 1-way street on a date?
Hey Morgan! Rob! SCOTUS case 16-1464 and you seek same ends.
Half the Case in 16-1464 has been proven---Special Master should be appointed.
Today at noon: Dr. Wilmer Leon's Show on Sirius---SCOTUS case seeks to void election.
Academic freedom and Mitch Daniels are incompatible.
To Indiana's GOP U.S. House Reps: where's trump?
GOP wants unity? Gosh, let's barf
Problems aren't caused by the "left"
Minority of hatred has no right to control 1 of the 2 major parties
trump only part of the threat to USA & World
Take steps to dissolve corporation known as Indiana GOP
Malcolm X was right & this violence has historic roots
Nullify 2016 "election" & all acts derived from it.
Open letter to Neil Young
Trump/Putin seek to destroy all they can as DT apologists retreat to bunker
A different view of the Marjorie Jackson murder and its implications.
If Spartz refuses to denounce Putin, guess the name of her control agent.
Civil Discourse Now
Added by Mark Small 0 Comments 1 Like
Mark Small for Congress - GOP primary Indiana's 5th Congressional District
How We Should Support Our Veterans
Added by Big Kahuna 0 Comments 1 Like
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Guernsey Badminton currently run a Level Doubles, Mixed Doubles and Singles league for all club players affiliated to the GBA. As of August 2017, the structure of the leagues has changed. The season is now split into two “seasons” (Autumn & Winter) with promotion and relegation taking place after the Autumn season. All entrants to the leagues are representing their clubs and details of the fixtures and rules are available on the GBA Leagues.
Guernsey also has a team representing the island in the County Championships and stages a number of county level matches throughout the season –for more information see the Representing Guernsey page.
The annual Guernsey Open tournament is held over the Easter weekend; it has a senior and veterans section and is open to any registered Badminton England player and is part of the English Circuit. The Guernsey Senior Silver and the Guernsey Masters Bronze will be held on the 1st to the 3rd April 2021 (travel restrictions permitting) and entry forms will be available soon. In addition to the Open, Guernsey has two restricted tournaments, the annual Senior Closed and the Handicap tournament. For more information on the Open, and all our tournaments, please see our Tournaments page.
Under 18’s in Guernsey also have the opportunity to compete against others their age through participating in the Guernsey Junior Closed & Junior Open which are open to players of all junior age groups. For more information on junior competitions please visit the Juniors section of the website.
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RAFAEL Calcano DEVERS
Nickname: N/A Position: 3B
Home: N/A Team: RED SOX
Height: 6' 0" Bats: L
Weight: 240 Throws: R
DOB: 10/24/1996 Agent: Rudy Santin
Uniform #: 11
Birth City: Sanchez, D.R.
Draft: 2013 - Red Sox - Free agent - Out of the D.R.
SAL(K)
2014 GCL GCL-Red Sox 42 157 21 49 11 2 4 36 1 0 14 30 .374 .484 .312
2014 DSL DSL-Red Sox 28 104 26 35 6 3 3 21 4 1 21 20 .445 .538 .337
2015 SAL GREENVILLE 115 469 71 135 38 1 11 70 3 2 24 84 .329 .443 .288
2016 CAR SALEM 128 503 64 142 32 8 11 71 18 6 40 94 .335 .443 .282
2017 IL PAWTUCKET 9 35 6 14 1 0 2 4 0 0 3 8 .447 .600 .400
2017 EL PORTLAND 77 287 48 86 19 3 18 56 0 3 31 55 .369 .575 .300
2017 AL RED SOX 58 222 34 63 14 0 10 30 3 1 18 57 .338 .482 .284
2018 IL PAWTUCKET 6 21 3 7 2 0 1 2 0 0 1 6 .364 .571 .333
2018 NYP LOWELL 1 4 1 1 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 .250 1.000 .250
2018 AL RED SOX $565.00 121 450 59 108 24 0 21 66 5 2 38 121 .298 .433 .240
2019 AL RED SOX $615.00 156 647 129 201 54 4 32 115 8 8 48 119 .361 .555 .311
In 2013, Devers signed with the Red Sox (see Transactions below).
In 2013, after the regular season, Rafael turned a lot of heads with his power during the Instructional League.
In 2014, Baseball America rated Devers as the 20th-best prospect in the Red Sox organization. He was moved all the way up to #6 in the winter before 2015 spring training. And to second-best in the Red Sox farm system, behind only 2B Yoan Moncada. In 2017, Devers was #3, behind Andrew Benintendi and Moncada.
In 2015, Rafael was chosen by the Red Sox to play in the Futures Game. He played on the World Team and became the youngest Red Sox prospect, at age 18, ever to play in a Futures Game.
In 2017, Devers again represented the Red Sox in the All-Star Futures game.
Devers is a willing worker who displays impressive athleticism. And he stays on top of his conditioning.
As Rafael flew from Boston to Seattle to start his Major League career, the 3,000-mile journey felt like it would never end. Once it finally did, Devers quickly put on his Red Sox uniform with the Number 11 on the back. He then met with the media in the dugout and took batting practice at Safeco Field.
"You can imagine how happy I felt when I heard the news," Devers said through interpreter Daveson Perez. "It's something that I've dreamed about for a long time and I'm really happy. I just wanted to get here so bad. I didn't even fall asleep on the plane. I was just so excited to get here."
Devers vows that he won't let up.
"For me, the work is never done. I just want to learn how to be a superstar third baseman," Devers said. "Everyone tells me the only way to do that is through constant work, just like when you're hitting, you have to do constant work. They told me daily work at third base is going to make a difference, make me the superstar I want to be."
Perhaps so he can expend all his energy on his acclimation, Devers advised his parents not to join him in Seattle.
"The first people I called was my mom and my dad," said Devers. "And my dad got so excited that the first thing he said was, 'I'm booking a plane to go watch you play right now.' I told him hang on. When we're in Boston, we can work that out." (Browne - mlb.com - 7/24/17)
One of Devers' nicknames is "CARLITA." He said, "When we were younger and in the Dominican, we would always give each other nicknames. And I was the kid who was always smiling and happy, so they said we would call this kid Carlita, which means baby face."
Devers was given the nickname because he was so happy and smiling as a child.
July 16, 2019: Devers received the MLB Players Alumni Association Heart and Hustle award for the Red Sox. This esteemed award honors active players who demonstrate a passion for the game of baseball and best embody the values, spirit and traditions of the game. The Heart and Hustle Award is also the only award in Major League Baseball that is voted on by former players.
Devers hired a nutritionist during the winter before 2019 Spring Training, and also doubled down on his workouts, and arrived at camp looking like a different person.
"This started last year (2018)," Red Sox manager Alex Cora said. "He was a big part o what we did in October and then he goes home and at that age, decides to get a nutritionist and a personal trainer and was working on his defense, and to go to Fort Myers early—it shows a lot to us."
2019 season: Breakout season? Maybe. But nobody predicted Devers was going to go off to the degree that he did.
He had one of the best seasons in history for a 22-year-old. Devers became just the 10th player to hit .300 with 30-plus homers, 100-plus RBIs and 100-plus runs scored in a season before turning 23. Ted Williams, Jimmie Fox, Alex Rodriguez and Albert Pujols each did it twice. Devers is the first to accomplish the feat since Miguel Cabrera in 2005.
The exciting thing is that Devers is still evolving, and the Red Sox likely haven’t seen what he is fully capable of just yet.
“I want to improve on everything,” said Devers. “Just because I had a good season this year doesn’t mean there aren’t things I can’t improve from defense to offense. I just want to improve everything going into next season.”
What went right? Quite a bit. Devers was a machine at the plate, hitting for average (.311), power (32 homers) and all those doubles (54).
“Overall, offensively, I feel like I’m proud of everything I’ve been able to do,” said Devers. “I give a lot of credit to Xander, who has helped me a lot with my preparation and just everything he’s been able to help me with. Just, offensively, I had a really good season and I think I was able to have an overall season that I’m really proud of.”
It was on defense where Devers made his best improvement. He became a liability at times last year, all too frequently making routine errors. After a tough first month in 2019, Devers cleaned it up the rest of the way and excelled in the field. Coaches Carlos Febles and Ramón Vázquez spent a lot of time working with Devers on his defense.
“It just all comes down to the experience [on] defense,” Devers said. “I know there were some errors I was making last year where I was just like, ‘Man, how did I make that?’ This season, I know I’ve improved. Obviously I’ve made some errors here and there. But I’ve just continued to learn on how to improve.”
Devers isn’t disciplined at the plate on a consistent enough basis. Manager Alex Cora constantly talks about controlling the strike zone. When Devers isn’t able to do that, he gets exposed. For Devers to reach the level of Nationals star phenom Juan Soto, he needs to swing at his pitch, not the one at which the pitcher wants him to swing. Devers had 119 strikeouts and just 48 walks in 702 plate appearances.
Best moment: There were many great days from Devers in 2019, but it’s easy to find the one that tops the list. On Aug. 13, Devers went 6-for-6 with four doubles to help fuel the Red Sox to a 7-6 win over the Indians in 10 innings. The performance was historic, as Devers became the first player to record six or more hits and four or more doubles in the same game. (Ian Browne - MLB.com - Oct. 24, 2019)
Rafael, who lights up Red Sox Nation with his laser-beam hits, dramatic facial expressions and pure joy for the game, is entering his fourth season (2020, third full) as the starting third baseman in Boston.
“He’s fun. He’s like my little brother,” said Red Sox slugger J.D. Martinez. “He's a little kid. Exactly how he looks like is how he is. He’s always wondering what is going on, talking to himself in the box. He’s just funny. He’s one of those people who is just harmless. He’s fun to be around."
After staying home to witness the birth of his second daughter in February 2020, Devers made his Grapefruit League debut against the Twins, going 0-for-2 in a 4-1 loss. With Devers back in the daily mix, things are instantly more joyful in Red Sox land.
“His personality is huge,” said Red Sox interim manager Ron Roenicke. “He’s another one of those guys like [Xander Bogaerts], he’s just in a good mood every day. He’s smiling all the time. I think probably people get a kick out of all his facial expressions that happen all through the game. But he really is a pleasure to be around.”
“He’s just got great talent,” Martinez said. “Great hands at the plate. He’s got a knack for putting the barrel on the ball. You can’t teach that.” (Browne - mlb.com - 2/28/2020)
His cousin, Jose, has played professionally in the Yankees (2017) and Marlins (2018-19).
If you watch Devers in the batter's box, he will talk to himself in-between pitches. He'll hit himself lightly with his bat if he thinks he swung at a bad one. His emotions come across quite clearly to those of us watching on TV.
In the field, he's often talking with the opposing third base coach or the opposing dugout.
August 9, 2013: Devers signed with the Red Sox organization as an international free agent for a bonus of $1.5 million, via scout Manny Nanita.
March 10, 2020: Devers signed a one year contract with the Red Sox for $692,500.
Devers is a very good lefthanded hitter who consistently puts the barrel of the bat on the ball. He has strong hitting instincts and feel. His bat speed is impressive. He has a sweet, buggy-whip swing from the left side, plus bat speed and a knack for barreling the ball with authority. He uses a simple, loose, compact stroke that stays in the hitting zone, giving him excellent plate coverage and the ability to drive the ball to all fields. His loft and backspin allows him to hit the ball out of any part of the park.
His power, even at age 17, was listed at a 60 on the 20-80 scouting scale, with projection of a 70 power hitter when he's in his 20s, which has already come to pass. He has uncommon upside as a hitter. He even knows when to turn on pitches for pull power. He has power from pole to pole.
"I was always able to hit the ball hard," Rafael said in 2019. "Going into my second season, it was mostly just getting the fat part of the bat on the ball."
It's one thing to hit the ball hard. It's another to be able to hit it all over the yard. Nobody looks more comfortable than Devers hitting at Fenway Park. He can go the other way with ease and hit the ball off of, or over the Monster. And he has more than enough power to put one in the bullpen or into the bleachers. (Spring, 2020)
Between every pitch, Rafael has adopted J.D. Martinez's routine of stepping out of the box to compose himself. He leans back, takes a deep breath and pulls air deep into his lungs. The he lets out a big exhale before stepping back in.
"I've worked with previous people in the organization that led me to some of my breathing techniques that I do now. But it's all about controlling myself. I know it.," Devers said.
Rafael has very good bat speed and a smooth, compact lefthanded swing. He can hit the ball to left-center (the opposite) field. He's going to be a solid middle-of-the-order hitter. Devers launches balls to any part of the park with a lefty swing that generates both loft and backspin.
Devers can hit anything. He hits righthanders, he hits lefthanders, he hits lefthanded breaking balls out of the zone and drives them. He has good bat speed, feel for the bat head, a level stroke—the whole deal. All the attributes to hit, they’re all right there. And the different sound off his bat is special. While Rafael appears to take a ferocious lefthanded rip, he manages to stay balanced throughout his swing.
He has the ability to manipulate the bat head and make contact on pitches out of the strike zone. He can pulverize a pitch on the inner half of the plate. He strikes out rarely. He has a level swing and average raw power, which could become above-average once he gets stronger.
Rafael needs to better control his energy and aggressiveness so he can stay within himself and be more consistent with the barrel. He's a guy who's really got to learn to be selective more often and get his pitch. When he gets his pitch, he often hits it hard.
2016 Batting Improvements: First half .233/.300/.335; second half .331/.371/.555.
Playing all year in the Carolina League at age 19, Devers began by hitting .138 with a .504 OPS in April. It got better in May, when he hit .248 with a .652 OPS, but he really got it going in June (.313 AVG with a .738 OPS). A 1.078 OPS in July, followed by a .845 OPS August capped off the year as Devers hit seven of his 11 home runs and drove in 40 runs in those two months. He ended up in the Carolina League's top 10 for both RBIs and SLG.
“The first month, Rafael had a slow start,” Salem hitting coach Nelson Paulino said. “He tried to do too much, too much effort with his body. His pitch recognition did not work. He was swinging mostly at pitchers’ pitches. He knows he’s got power. He had to be able to understand that he needed to pick good pitches to hit the ball. He was off-balance at the plate, trying to hit the ball too hard.”
Behind the scenes, the young lefthanded batter and Paulino went to work in the cages, working on letting the ball get deeper to improve pitch selection and emphasize Devers’ unusual ability to drive the ball to left and left-center field. (Alex Spiers - Baseball America - 9/02/2016)
August 3, 2017: Devers became just the fourth Red Sox player in the last 100 years to homer in at least three of his first eight MLB games. And the first to do so since Mo Vaughn in 1991.
Aug 19, 2017: Devers didn't call his own shot with his latest missile of a home run. But he did join a club in which the only other member is Babe Ruth. With his solo shot in the Red Sox's 4-3 loss to the Yankees, Devers joined the Bambino as the only players younger than 21 to hit homers in three straight games against the Bronx Bombers.
In 2017, Devers was named the MLB Pipeline's Hitting Prospect of the Year for the Red Sox.
October 8, 2017: Devers made history becoming the youngest player to hit a post-season home run for the Red Sox with his two-run shot off Houston's Francisco Liriano in Game 3 of the ALDS.
October 9, 2017: Devers' hit a ninth-inning, inside-the-park home run, nearly rallying the Red Sox in a wild ALDS game.
May 28, 2019: Devers is the only Red Sox player In history with an extra-base hit and a run scored In 7 straight games.
May 28, 2019: Devers has improved his walk rate from 7.8 percent to 8.9 percent, over last year 2018, while cutting his strikeout rate from 24.7 percent to 15.1 percent. This more controlled approach has yielded strong results in the batter's box, as he was batting .327/.388/.505 with seven homers and 31 RBIs through 53 games.
He's also been making an impact on the bases with seven steals—two more than all of 2018. With All-Star voting starting, Devers could find himself in his first All-Star game come July.
June 3, 2019: MLB selected Red Sox third baseman Rafael Devers as the AL Player of the Month for May. It’s Devers’ first league distinction of his young career.
Devers, 22, paced the AL with 40 hits last month while slashing .351/.380/.640 for Boston. The third baseman compiled a career-best 11-game hit streak from May 19-31, and he surged into a tie with Josh Bell for the Major League lead with 93 hard-hit balls (those hit with exit velocities of 95-plus mph), per Statcast. Devers recorded an extra-base hit and scored a run in eight straight games from May 20-28 to tie a Red Sox record set by Dwight Evans in 1982, according to the Elias Sports Bureau.
Aug 13, 2019: Devers made history. The 22-year-old third baseman went 6-for-6 with four doubles, becoming the first player in Major League history to record six or more hits and four or more doubles in one game.
"I had no idea, obviously," said Devers. "I just try to go out there and have good at-bats, that's all I was thinking about. Just every turn, try to get on base, and just trying to do that for the team."
September 10, 2019: Rafael belted his 50th double of the season, making him just the eighth Red Sox player to reach the feat and also the youngest at 22 years old. “Yeah, it feels great,” Devers said. “Obviously I’m just thankful to be able to play this game and obviously just trying to finish strong. But it feels good to get that mark.” (Browne - mlb.com)
September 18, 2019: Rafael made it a special one, sending a 3-2 offering from Jeff Samardzija over the right-field wall for his 30th home run of the season. And with it, long list of milestones.
With his first home run in 12 games, Devers joins David Ortiz (2007) and Xander Bogaerts (2019) as the lone Red Sox to collect 30-plus home runs and 50-plus doubles in a season. At the same time, Devers and Bogaerts (who had reached the same milestone just a few days earlier, on Sept. 10) also became the first MLB teammates to accomplish the feat.
Sept 21, 2019: For 41 seasons, Butch Hobson held a little-known record in Red Sox history.
All of 22 years old, Rafael Devers broke it at Tropicana Field when he smashed his 31st homer of the season, the most ever by a Boston third baseman.
“It’s fun,” Red Sox manager Alex Cora said. “Like I’ve been saying all along, he did an outstanding job in the offseason to get in shape, to be ready for the grind, and he didn’t prove us wrong. I remember early in the season when the on-base percentage was up but he wasn’t driving the ball. A lot of people were doubting him, and he stayed with the process and controlled the strike zone. We’re very proud of him.”
And that led him to a record that he didn’t know about until after the game.
“This is actually the first time I’m hearing of this, so it’s pretty cool, but obviously it’s a record that I broke now but there’s more records I want to try to continue to break,” Devers said. “It’s just about trying to stay healthy and moving forward, trying to work as much as I can.” (I Browne - MLB.com - Sept 21, 2019)
2019 Season: This marks the 28th time in Red Sox history that a player has recorded 200+ hits in a season and Devers is the youngest to do so. Devers broke a franchise record held by Bogaerts for the most hits in a season by a player under the age of 23. Only 17 players in Major League history have had a 200-hit season before age 23.
As of the start of the 2021 season, Rafael's career Major League stats were: .279 batting average, 108 doubles, 74 home runs, and 433 hits with 254 RBI in 1,551 at-bats.
Rafael has plenty of arm for third base. He has improved defensively and should stick at third base with decent range as well as soft hands and an above-average arm.
The Red Sox have traded many high-profile prospects but look wise for keeping Devers.
Scouts and managers raved about Devers’ quick feet, strong arm and soft hands at third base. They said he has a strong internal clock to make on-time throws.
No matter what Devers does at the plate, he doesn't take it with him on defense.
“He’s one of the best I’ve seen with his hands and the way he fields his position,” Salem manager Joe Oliver said. “The rough start (at the plate early in 2016) he got off to never transitioned to the other side of the ball."
Some scouts say Devers will end up at first base, because of his round body type. However, if Rafael is able to keep his body in check, then you’re looking at a legitimate third baseman.
He has wide hips that lead to concerns of future weight gain, but he has the body control, infield actions and light feet to stay at the hot corner.
He has a wide fanny, so he will always have to keep his round-body-type in check to stay at third base; otherwise, he would have to play first base. Some evaluators see the potential for a Pablo Sandoval-style defender.
Devers surprises evaluators with his athleticism and baseball IQ. But for some scouts, Rafael's wide frame signals a future at first base.
“He’s always been a strong, stocky kid, but his feet always moved lighter than they would appear,” Red Sox assistant general manager Eddie Romero said in 2017 spring training. “He had good fundamentals in terms of squaring up to the ball . . . and he had good hands. He’s always had an above-average arm.
“So I thought those attributes, if he was able to stay physically strong without losing that flexibility . . . (that he would be able) to go side to side.”
August 28, 2017: With the bases loaded and one out and the Red Sox down by a run in the bottom of the fifth inning, Rafael was about to concede a run and nobody would have blamed him.
The grounder by Kevin Pillar was hit down the third-base line and Devers fielded it roughly 20 feet beyond the bag. His body was turned toward first, and Devers was about to fire across the diamond.
But the 20-year-old had the presence of mind to see Pillar was likely going to beat it out. So on the fly, Devers made a perfect throw home and nailed Josh Donaldson by half a step.
"My mentality initially was to go to first, but when I saw he was already halfway down the line, I went home with it," said Devers. "Basically I was thinking if the ball was hit hard to me, I would go for the double play. In that situation, the only play I had was to go home with it." (Browne - mlb.com)
Rafael has about average speed. But he is a quality baserunner.
Career Injury Report
September 2014: Rafael sustained a stress fracture in his foot when turning his ankle on a slide in Instructional League. But he was expected to have a normal offseason after a typical four-to-six week recovery period.
July 11-21, 2018: Devers was placed on the disabled list with inflammation in the shoulder.
July 29-Aug 8, 2018: Devers was on the DL with left hamstring strain.Aug 16-Sept. 4, 2018: Devers was back on the DL with a left hammy strain.
Aug 11, 2020: For the second straight day, Red Sox third baseman Rafael Devers was out of Boston's lineup with a sore left ankle. However, he demonstrated enough improvement that there's a chance he could be back in there soon.
"Pretty good," said Roenicke. "Went out and did some hitting in the cage, took some ground balls, ran a little bit. So he's doing way better. We weren't quite sure where he was going to be, but a lot better today."
Last Updated 10/10/2020 10:01:00 AM
© 2021 Player Profiles. All Rights Reserved.
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Tag Archives: Curley Moore
A whole lotta Love: Soulman C.P. Love kicks off the Ponderosa Stomp’s new “Heroes of Louisiana Music at the Mint” series on May 15th, 2012
May 11, 2012 Lakeview Kid Leave a comment
“Who do you love?” Bo Diddley asked. In the case of this Tuesday’s “Heroes of Louisiana Music at the Mint,” the answer is C.P. Love. This soulful Crescent City singer will be starring in the first installment of a four-part series presented by the Ponderosa Stomp Foundation and the Friends of the Cabildo, in conjunction with the Louisiana State Museum. The presentation starts at 6 p.m. in the Old U.S. Mint’s newly renovated concert space, where Love will perform, chat with music writer Jeff Hannusch, and answer audience questions about his long career in soul and R&B alongside some of the greatest legends of the industry. We hope that at the end of this presentation, you will love C.P. Love as much as you do some of his own musical heroes: Danny White, Smiley Lewis, Otis Redding, and Sam Cooke.
The very definition of an unsung hero, C.P. Love “has the rare distinction of being better known for a song he didn’t record rather than one he did,” according to Hannusch. The legendary King Floyd offered his newly penned song “Groove Me” to Love, who passed on the future 1970 smash hit in favor of its composer. Love brought a demo of King’s version to promoter Elijah Walker and famed producer Wardell Quezergue, who declared with his characteristic understatement: “I believe we have something.” And the rest is history. “I never regretted not recording ‘Groove Me’ — I felt glad for King,” Love said.
C.P. Love
But Love, born Carleton Pierre Love in New Orleans in 1945, is brimming with his own talent, on both vocals and guitar, and has played with dozens of legends in soul and R&B since 1957. Growing up on the West Bank, Love recalled playing his first marquee gig in Marrero with piano giant Professor Longhair. “The band consisted of just Fess and a drummer. … [Fess] was a quiet guy who didn’t go for any humbug.”
In its heyday Love also frequented the city’s most famous incubator of R&B and rock ‘n’ roll, the Dew Drop Inn on LaSalle Street. “I started going by the Dew Drop, where I hung with Deacon John, Esquerita, Curley Moore, and Earl King.” Over the years Love has played in clubs all over the region, from the Devil’s Den on North Galvez to the F&M Patio and famed Bourbon Street spots like the Sho-Bar and La Strada, where he worked with Clarence “Frogman” Henry. “I did Bourbon Street for 10 years at several clubs. That was the best lesson I ever got as a singer.”
Plenty of Room For More – C.P. Love
By 1968, Love was recruited by Elijah Walker and Earl King to cut a single on their King Walk label: “Plenty of Room for More” / “You Call the Shots” — both Earl King compositions reminiscent of Wilson Pickett.
You Call the Shots – C.P. Love
With “Groove Me” a monster hit for King Floyd in 1970 on the Malaco label, Love once again deferred to Floyd and gave him the first shot at “I Found All These Things.” However, Love later cut the song as well, and it became a regional hit on Atlantic – and could have gone bigger if Love had been able to go on tour with James Carr for a stop at the Apollo Theater. “I Found All These Things” is considered a deep soul classic and one of the best souls singles from the Malaco vaults. Love and his band the Invaders toured with King Floyd for nine months and then with Candi Staton and Bobby Womack. He also has opened for talents such as Fats Domino and B.B. King.
I Found All of These Things – C.P. Love.
Love then played Bourbon Street for 10 years until the clubs went non-union, and he balked at the exploitative conditions. “If you wanted to work on Bourbon Street, you had to take a big cut in pay. I wouldn’t accept that.” Love moved to the San Francisco Bay Area in 1986 and worked the club and festival circuit along the West Coast. He also cut a four-track EP for the Award label and recorded an album on New Orleans producer Carlo Ditta’s Orleans label, whose roster has included Rockie Charles, Guitar Slim Jr., Coco Robicheaux, Danny Barker, and Roland Stone. Bassist George Porter and guitarist Leo Nocentelli of the Meters provided backing for the one-day session, which included three of his own songs.
Indeed, it is Love’s own original songs of which is he proudest, including “Stubborn Girl,” “True Blue,” and “Secondline Home.” He owns his own publishing company, Pierre Publishing, as well as Trip City Jingles, a marketing-jingles firm. Having returned to New Orleans, Love has played the Jazz and Heritage Festival and clubs such as the House of Blues. However, he won’t be returning to Bourbon Street anytime soon. “I’m not going to embarrass myself by working on Bourbon Street for $8 a set.”
That’s why the Ponderosa Stomp Foundation is proud to present C.P. Love in a setting truly worthy of his talents: the Old U.S. Mint’s newly renovated performance hall. For more information on Love, visit his MySpace and Facebook pages.
The Old U.S. Mint is at 400 Esplanade Ave. Doors open at 5:30 p.m. The program runs from 6 p.m. to 8:30 p.m. $30 general admission, $25 for Friends of the Cabildo members. For more information, click here or here, or call 504-523-3939.
Blues, gulf coast soul, New Orleans, R&B, Soul, video
bo diddleyBourbon StreetC.P. LoveCarlo Dittaclarence frogman henryCoco RobicheauxCurley MooreDanny BarkerDanny WhiteDew Drop InnEarl KingElijah WalkerEsqueritaFrench QuarterFriends of the CabildoFrogman HenryGeorge PorterGuitar Slim Jr.James BrownJames CarrKing FloydLeo NocentelliLouisiana State MuseumNew Orleans Jazz and Heritage FestivalOld U.S. MintOtis ReddingPonderosa Stomp FoundationProfessor LonghairRoland StoneSmiley Lewiswardell quezergueWilson Pickett
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buying & selling your art
Vilhelm Hammershøi – SOLD
KÜRZLICH VERKAUFT
Vilhelm Hammershøi (1864 - Copenhagen - 1916)
The Balcony Room at ‘Spurveskjul’ [Sparrow’s Nest], 1911
Oil on canvas, 43.2 x 53.3 cm
The artist’s family (until 1918)
Valdemar Kleis, Copenhagen
Private collection (1960, probably acquired from Kleis)
Thence by descent
Alfred Bramsen and Sophus Michaelis, Vilhelm Hammershøi – Kunstneren og hans vaerk, Copenhagen and Christiania 1918, no. 345
The present interior by the Danish painter Vilhelm Hammershøi was executed on an extended stay at a country house called ‘Spurveskjul’ in 1911. Hammershøi and his wife Ida had rented the house – situated to the north of Copenhagen – for the summer. The name ‘Spurveskjul’ [Sparrow’s Nest] can be traced back to its first occupant, the painter Nicolai Abildgaard – teacher of Philipp Otto Runge and Caspar David Friedrich. The property was built for Abildgaard in 1805-6 after his own design. Hammershøi selected his private living quarters very carefully – he changed address frequently – and furnished their interiors with meticulous regard to their relevance to his artistic work. They served as a repertoire of models for almost all his paintings. Alfred Bramsen, co-author of the Hammershøi Catalogue Raisonné, describes the couple’s stay at ‘Spurveskjul’ as a happy one, to the extent that they may even have considered purchasing the property.[1]
Fig. 1 Vilhelm Hammershøi, Interior, ‘Spurveskjul’, 1911, oil on canvas, 48.5 x 60 cm
The painting depicts one particular room in the house – a room which Hammershøi used as a recurrent motif (Fig. 1). In the present version the room is devoid of furniture and fixtures. The only vestige of interior decoration is the hint of a curtain. Hammershøi directs his entire attention towards the space itself, as daylight gently invades the room, modelling the walls, doors and window in delicate gradations of grey. Reflections in the window panes block out the exterior, the viewer is left isolated in a solitary, secluded space.
A newspaper interview Hammershøi gave in 1907 throws light on his intentions: What makes me choose a motif is as much the lines in it, what I would call the architectural stance of the picture. And then the light, of course. It is naturally also very important, but the lines are almost what I am most taken by. Colour is of secondary importance, I suppose; I am not indifferent to how it looks in colour. I work very hard to make it harmonious. But when I choose a motif I think I mainly look at lines.[2]
Hammershøi’s brushwork is entirely characteristic of his late period and shares similarities with contemporary pointillist techniques.
The present composition served as preparatory to the background of the important self-portrait with a brush, titled Self-Portrait, ‘Spurveskjul’,[3] also executed in 1911. The work is now in the collection of the Statens Museum in Copenhagen (Fig. 2).
Fig. 2 Vilhelm Hammershøi, Self-Portrait ‘Spurveskjul’, 1911, oil on canvas, 126 x 149 cm
Hammershøi entered the Copenhagen Academy of Art in 1879 and completed his studies in 1885. His first exhibited painting was a portrait of a girl. This was shown at the Academy’s Charlottenborg Spring Exhibition in 1885. A painting titled Bedroom was turned down by the jury of the Academy in 1890. After that, he exhibited with the artists’ association known as Frie Udstilling [‘Free Exhibition’] set up by the Danish artist Johan Rohde. Hammershøi married Ida Ilsted (1869-1949), the younger sister of his associate and friend Peter Ilsted, in 1891. Ida was his model in a great many of his paintings of interiors. The couple travelled extensively in Europe. In 1895, Hammershøi exhibited with the Freie Vereinigung Münchner Künstler at the Kunst-Salon Gurlitt in Berlin.
The influential Berlin-based art dealer Paul Cassirer (1871-1926) purchased several of Hammershøi’s paintings in 1905 and staged a solo show of his work at the Hamburg branch of his gallery. Hammershøi exhibited at the ‘Exposition Universelle’ in Paris in 1889 and again in 1900. He showed at the Venice Biennale in 1903 and at numerous exhibitions in Germany, England, Russia and the United States. After his death the contents of his studio were dispersed at an auction held on 30 October 1916. His œuvre lapsed into obscurity and was only rediscovered in the 1970s as art-historical re-evaluation of Symbolism emerged.[4] Exhibitions of his work in Europe and in Japan followed, the most recent being the major retrospective staged in Munich in 2012. Hammershøi is today regarded as the leading Danish painter of the second half of the nineteenth century.
[1] Bramsen and Michaelis, op. cit., p.72.
[2] Vilhelm Hammershøi, exhib. cat., Hamburg, Kunsthalle, 22 March-29 June 2003, p.135.
[3] Hammershøi depicts himself gazing out of the painting in a brief interruption from work. Self-portraits are frequent in his early and late work. In the very early self-portraits executed in the 1880s he chose a frontal view. In the 1890s he experimented with different viewpoints.
[4] Vilhelm Hammershøi, op. cit., p.127. Hammershøi’s relationship to the Symbolist movement is ambivalent. His painting titled Artemis, exhibited with the Frie Udstilling association in 1894, has been described as ‘a key work in the history of Danish art’, symptomatic of ‘the breakthrough of the Symbolist aesthetic’. However it is unclear as to what extent Hammershøi identified himself with the Symbolists, particularly in view of his negative comments regarding a Symbolist exhibition he had visited in Paris (see Vilhelm Hammershøi, op. cit., p.14).
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First President Visits Museum For First Time
The DuBois Area Historical Society’s first president Dr. John Furlow and wife, Judy, also a former officer, attended the 30th Anniversary dinner in September and visited the E. D. Reitz Museum for their first time the next day. “I believe we used to meet on the street corner,” joked John after touring the museum, “I am really impressed with the displays.” Dr. Furlow served as the Society’s first president in 1982 when he was a faculty member and taught Pennsylvania history at Penn State DuBois. The Furlow’s relocated to Lancaster, Ohio, where John served as dean at Ohio University-Lancaster campus.
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After interning twice at Google, I am excited to be joining as a full-time software engineer working on some of the biggest problems in our tech ecosystem today.
Computer Science - Alumni
By Whitney Hale
Graduating computer science and Lewis Honors College senior Kyra Seevers, of Lexington, recently interviewed as a finalist for the prestigious Rhodes Scholarship. And, while she won’t be pursuing graduate studies in England next fall, Seevers will embark on another exciting new chapter in her life as she takes a position at Google’s Cambridge, Massachusetts, campus.
“After interning twice at Google, I am excited to be joining as a full-time software engineer working on some of the biggest problems in our tech ecosystem today,” Seevers said. “Just like Google’s motto says — I truly hope to create, design, code and build for everyone.”
The daughter of Dan and Denise Seevers, Kyra will graduate this Friday (Dec. 4) with a bachelor’s degree in computer science from UK College of Engineering, as well as a minor in sociology and a Certificate in Universal Design.
A Chellgren Fellow, she been very active in undergraduate research at UK working with the school’s groundbreaking EduceLab: A Digital Restoration Initiative headed up by UK Alumni Professor Brent Seales, chair of the Department of Computer Science. As part of EduceLab, UK researchers take ancient manuscripts that are too broken or damaged to be read by hand and apply their custom software pipeline to virtually unwrap the documents revealing the text inside that has been hidden for ages.
Outside of her research with Seales’ lab and internships at Google, Seevers also conducted research abroad in Munich last year as one of UK’s two 2019 recipients of Research Internships in Science and Engineering (RISE) from the German Academic Exchange Service (Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst – DAAD). There she worked with the Human Centered Ubiquitous Media Group at Ludwig Maximilian University, where she helped create and test augmented reality technologies that aid those with visual impairments.
Seevers credits experiences like the ones she had at the EduceLab with Seales and during her high school research with mentor Nelson Akafuah, an assistant professor in mechanical engineering at UK, as being beneficial to her own success at UK and opening doors to countless exciting opportunities.
“I am so grateful for my time at UK, and to all my professors, mentors, friends and family who helped me along the way. I am so glad I had the opportunity to not only learn more about my own community, but also, with the help of UK, explore the world.”
Seevers applied for the Rhodes Scholarship and her RISE internship through the Office of Nationally Competitive Awards, housed in the Chellgren Center for Undergraduate Excellence. The office, under the leadership of Director Pat Whitlow, assists current UK undergraduate and graduate students and recent alumni in applying for external scholarships and fellowships funded by sources (such as a nongovernment foundation or government agency) outside the university.
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It’s never easy to put closure to an exciting and intense experience and jotting down these lines presents some trepidation.
Euromed Heritage 4 (EH) has completed its activities on 15 February 2013, after five years of operating on the cultural heritage of the Mediterranean region. Throughout these years, we have all gained valuable experience, acquired more perspectives on the many issues relative to cultural heritage preservation, and learned important lessons on how best to develop it. We have also contributed to build a whole corpus of knowledge about Mediterranean heritage and developed tools for better stewardship of its assets for at least one generation to come.
Needless to say, the most rewarding aspect of EH has been the people. The Euromed Heritage family is real. It has been growing for fifteen years and has evolved through the many exchanges and interrelations that have taken place through the programme. It has also created around it a network of experts, professionals and actors and together, their impact on the cultural heritage of the Mediterranean region carries a tremendous potential.
Each one us, partners and friends of EH, have our professional course to follow and our careers to build and/or strengthen. We should not forget, however, that EH can still accompany us on our future course. The website will remain accessible to the public and all results of our activities can be uploaded for your use. You can also access all the outputs of the programme- knowledge, tools, methodologies, etc. - by consulting our virtual library on the E-Corpus platform.
The RMSU Team thanks you for your cooperation and support and wishes you a good continuation in your future endeavours.
Christiane, Christophe, Jean-Louis, Daniela, Dario and Giulia
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Outsourcing torture and execution
Member of an American prison gang (Wikicommons: Border Brothers). A jail sentence is no longer just a jail sentence.
When my scholarship was cancelled I began looking for short-term contracts to support myself. At that time Quebec City offered little in the way of long-term employment, but demand was strong for bilingual contractuels who knew software packages like WordPerfect (which was not at all user-friendly in the late 1980s).
One day I got a call from a maximum security prison west of Quebec City. A renewable six-month clerical position. Good pay. But I'd have to get vaccinated for hepatitis B. "You never know. There's always a risk of rape in these places." I politely declined. Later someone else phoned to reassure me that the risk was "minimal" and nothing to worry about. I still declined.
Rape and assault are frequent in prisons. This is no surprise. More surprisingly, prison violence is becoming a deliberate form of punishment—a way to make the original sentence a lot worse. This punitive function has been discussed in a recent paper:
To what extent are rapes, beatings, and other assaults essential to the punitive function of the modern prison? Officially, violence of this sort is unlawful and clearly outside the bounds of legitimate punishment. The United States Supreme Court has declared more than once that being assaulted is not "part of the penalty that criminal offenders pay for their offenses against society."
[...] In reality, violence thoroughly defines the prison experience. Prisoners face a substantial risk of being beaten, raped, and even killed at the hands of their fellow inmates or keepers. In a way that is sometimes difficult for those who are unfamiliar with prison to appreciate, prisoners inhabit a world comprehensively defined by this kind of violence. Such violence is the dominant arbiter of social status in prison. It is the means by which authority, hierarchy, and privilege are articulated among prisoners and between prisoners and their keepers. And it is, paradoxically, the most reliable protection against being the victim of violence. (White 2008, pp. 737-738)
When did this punitive function come to be? To some extent it has always existed, but it began to gain much more importance during the "demographic shift" of the 1960s and 1970s (White 2008, pp. 745-746). The baby boom was invading all spheres of life, and this dramatic growth in the number of young people coincided with a weakening of informal social controls by family and church. People were also moving from rural communities (where these informal controls were strong) to big cities (where they were weak). All of these factors facilitated an explosion of criminal behavior, especially the violent sort that young males specialize in. American prisons were overwhelmed, "and by the mid 1970s the correctional model had totally collapsed, superseded by a very different regime" (White 2008, p. 745).
Male violence: pathological in some societies, normal in others
This surge of violent crime happened in all racial groups, but much more in African Americans. Why? The usual explanation is social deprivation. Young men turn to violence when denied full access to education, employment, and social acceptance. Such behavior is abnormal and will disappear in normal circumstances.
That view of “normal” behavior applies only to some societies. Elsewhere, young men are supposed to fight. And not simply as a last resort. They're expected to fight proactively, as a means to gain status, to impress women, and to strike terror in potential enemies (Frost 2010; Frost and Harpending 2015).
This is in contrast to pacified societies, where the State has imposed a monopoly on violence, and where even self-defense is not always a sufficient excuse. In such societies, violent behavior is criminalized and pathologized. The ideal young man goes to "school" and "work" without ever using violence to defend himself and his family, or even to impress women. Sheesh!
Pacified societies exist throughout much of Europe and East Asia, with interesting exceptions. The strong arm of the State has historically been weak in mountainous regions, like Albania and the Caucasus, and this is also where men are most willing to act violently on their own behalf. In England, endemic violence persisted until the 18th century in the northern border regions, where any encounter with non-kin, however innocent, could turn violent. Disputes would grow into long-running feuds if not settled through payment of blood money (Fischer 1989, pp. 621-632).
These two kinds of society can work fairly well ... if kept apart. In non-pacified societies, the level of personal violence is not as high as one might expect. A sort of dynamic equilibrium makes young men think twice before acting violently, since any violence will be repaid in kind by the victim, his brothers, and his male kin. So violence tends to target people who cannot retaliate, either because they're physically weak or because they have no kinfolk to stand up for them.
Problems begin when these two kinds of society co-exist on the same territory. When the non-pacified society becomes sufficiently numerous, but not necessarily the majority, it can impose its rules, and everyone will have to play by them. If you cannot fight back and have no "brothers" to defend you, there remains only one option: submit. This is now the case in American prisons and, increasingly, in prisons throughout the Western world.
Indeed, the demographic profile of prisons has changed a lot even in Western Europe, where native Europeans make up fewer and fewer of the inmates. More and more are from societies where State control of personal violence is recent and widely perceived as being illegitimate. They come mostly from North Africa, West Africa, Somalia, Southwest Asia, and South Asia. They are predominantly Muslim, and the Muslim proportion of the prison population gives a rough idea of the demographic shift. This proportion is 60 to 70% in France (Moore 2008), 45% in Belgium (Sudinfo.be 2013), and 15% in the United Kingdom (Allen and Watson 2017, p. 14). Furthermore, Muslim inmates have power beyond their numbers because they are willing to fight for each other. This is a recurring theme in interviews with prisoners:
“there's no gangs in Rochester it's just Muslims stick together”, Muslims “walk around the wings in tens” and 'people will say that the only gang in here are the Muslims they always stick up for each other”. For many Muslim prisoners the solidarity engendered by sharing a faith was viewed as presenting certain obligations just as area allegiances required mutual defensive protection for prisoners: “I see Muslims will stay closer together so ...obviously you have to look out for your brother, help his brother, it's a Muslim's duty. And it's like whatever, whatever I want for myself I should want for my brother.” (Phillips 2012, p. 60)
Some prisoners even convert to Islam as a way to get protection (Phillips 2012, p. 62).
Prison violence as an instrument of law enforcement
Beginning in the 1970s, American law-enforcement began to turn this situation to its own advantage, initially to assert control over prisoners:
In some circumstances, it is clear that rape is used by prison officials as a means of control in its own right—as a means of punishing inmates who are (by the officials' reckoning) especially troublesome, of breaking the will of defiant inmates, and of rewarding (by accommodating their victimization of others) inmates who are in some way helpful to the institution's interests. Where rape is sanctioned in this fashion, a victimized inmate has little hope of gaining the institution's protection from further abuse. Even where it is not so sanctioned, victims of rape often encounter considerable indifference on the part of administrators and staff who would rather not antagonize powerful rapists, who anticipate difficulties with successful investigation, or who for some other reason cannot be bothered. Many staff simply may take the position that defense against rapes and other assaults are an inmate's own obligation. (White 2008, p. 757)
This punitive function has since been extended to people currently outside prison. Initially, it helped to keep juvenile delinquents in line by sending them a crude but simple message: if you're not careful, we'll send you to a place where you'll be raped, assaulted, and perhaps killed.
Today, that message is no longer aimed solely at juvenile delinquents. Every American knows that a prison sentence is a lot more than time behind bars. In theory, the State no longer maims or tortures. In practice, it does … and on a scale not seen since medieval times:
That such violence is so thoroughly unlawful allows it to serve the state as a mode of punishment without the state ever confessing the true extent of its resort to such barbarity and without thereby surrendering much in the way of its legal and political legitimacy. Indeed, by deeming prison violence illegal, the state in its various manifestations can actually condemn the phenomenon, while yet relying on it as part of [the] regime of control. (White 2008, p. 740)
Toward a new regime of control
This regime of control has developed in an atmosphere of "They’ve got it coming to them anyway!" Prison sentences are normally handed down for serious crimes, like murder or gang rape, and there is still a widespread feeling that such people are not being punished enough. In recent years, however, prison sentences have begun to be imposed for minor offenses, especially in the United Kingdom.
Last year, an English man was found guilty of placing two bacon sandwiches outside the door of a mosque. He was sentenced to a year in jail, and halfway through the sentence he was found dead in his cell (Curtis 2018). The prison sentence is itself incredible. This was a first-time offense that would have been considered a misdemeanor scarcely a decade ago.
A similar sentence was handed down to Tommy Robinson, the founder of the English Defence League. Not long into his sentence, the inevitable happened:
"They gave him a pasting. He was being taken for a legal visit and was then put in a room with these guys. The door was locked and the warders all disappeared. He has quite a few injuries to his face and neck and needed two visits to the medical wing." The source said his attackers were Muslim prisoners but that could not be verified. Robinson suspects the situation was engineered by the warders because of the obvious threat posed to him by opponents of the EDL. He fears he is a marked man inside the category A prison. (Gover 2014)
The official reason for the sentence? Making an incorrect statement on a mortgage application—a misdemeanor normally punished by a fine. And for this Tommy Robinson was sent to a category A prison.
This past week, he was again sentenced to jail:
At 14h00 on 25 May 2018 Judge Denise Marson QC summarily sentenced Robinson and issued a notice under Section 4(2) of the Contempt of Court Act 1981 banning any reporting of the hearing, sentence, evidence offered or any other matter relating to the proceedings against Robinson indefinitely until the conclusion of a series of child grooming trials in Leeds Crown Court. (Wikipedia 2018)
This time, Tommy Robinson was sentenced to jail for broadcasting information that might influence the outcome of a rape gang trial (he was livestreaming outside the courthouse). Yet that information had already been published in a local newspaper. Even more strangely, the judge extended the reporting ban to the outcome of Robinson’s trial. That trial had no jurors to influence. It was a trial by judge and was completed in four hours. One final point: some reports state that the judge simply reactivated an existing suspended sentence, hence the speedy trial. But only a few months remained on that sentence, and this one seems to be much longer. For a new sentence a defendant is normally given time to prepare a defense, find witnesses, and choose a lawyer, rather than having a court-appointed one (as was actually the case).
Because of the reporting ban, news reports on this story have either been pulled or modified. Fox News states that he was sentenced to 13 months in prison despite protests from his lawyer, who said this measure would be tantamount to a death sentence, “given his profile and previous credible threats” (Fox News 2018).
One might wonder about these jail sentences for misdemeanors that hardly justify such punishment. And is the punishment really the time spent behind bars? Or is it something else? Like something in the prison environment that can “finish the job”? A strange collusion seems to be developing between the UK justice system and the vilest elements of prison society.
Allen, G. and C. Watson (2017). UK Prison Population Statistics. Briefing Paper. House of Commons Library.
http://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/SN04334/SN04334.pdf
Fischer, D.H. (1989). Albion's Seed. Four British Folkways in America, Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, pp. 621-632.
Curtis, J. (2018). Man jailed for leaving a bacon sandwich outside a mosque is found dead in prison halfway through his 12-month sentence. Daily Mail, May 27, 2018
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-4075328/Man-jailed-leaving-bacon-sandwiched-outside-mosque-dead-prison-half-way-12-month-sentence.html
Fox News (2018). Right-wing activist Tommy Robinson reportedly jailed after filming outside child grooming trial.
http://www.foxnews.com/world/2018/05/26/right-wing-activist-tommy-robinson-reportedly-jailed-after-filming-outside-child-grooming-trial.html
Frost, P. (2010). The Roman State and genetic pacification, Evolutionary Psychology 8(3): 376-389. http://www.epjournal.net/filestore/EP08376389.pdf
Frost, P. and H. Harpending. (2015). Western Europe, state formation, and genetic pacification, Evolutionary Psychology 13: 230-243.
http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/147470491501300114
Gover, D. (2014). Fear of Muslim Attack Beaten up in Woodhill Prison. International Business Times, February 5
https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/edl-founder-tommy-robinson-fear-muslim-attack-beaten-woodhill-prison-1435264
Moore, M. (2008). In France, prisons filled with Muslims, The Washington Post, April 29
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/04/28/AR2008042802560.html?hpid=topnews
Phillips, C. (2012). 'It ain't nothing like America with the Bloods and the Crips': Gang narratives inside two English prisons. Punishment & Society 14(1): 51-68.
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.893.3021&rep=rep1&type=pdf
Sudinfo.be (2013). 45% des détenus des prisons belges sont de confession musulmane, Sudinfo.be, May 23
http://www.sudinfo.be/726092/article/actualite/belgique/2013-05-17/45-des-detenus-des-prisons-belges-sont-de-confession-musulmane
White, A.A. (2008). The Concept of "Less Eligibility" and the Social Function of Prison Violence in Class Society. Buffalo Law Review 56: 737-820.
http://scholar.law.colorado.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1310&context=articles
Wikipedia. (2018). Tommy Robinson (activist).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tommy_Robinson_%28activist%29#cite_note-79
Labels: genetic pacification, law, Tommy Robinson, United Kingdom, United States, violence
The end of Jewish achievement?
Neurons show more axonal growth when exposed to higher levels of sphingolipids (last figure) (Cochran et al. 2006)
Jewish achievement is a difficult topic. Recently, it has been addressed by Jordan Peterson, as in this interview with the Forward:
"You can assume that they [Jews] are intelligent and have a culture of learning, or you can think that there's some kind of cabal," Peterson told the Forward. "So if I'm gonna hit the hornets nest, I might as well hit it on the side that takes the wind out of the sails of far-righters and their idiot anti-Semitism." (Feldman 2018)
That quote appeared under the headline "Is Jordan Peterson Enabling Jew Hatred?" There was also a photo montage (since removed) juxtaposing his image with that of Hitler. It's hard to believe that this topic was freely discussed in the mainstream a mere decade ago. At that time Commentary ran an article by Charles Murray on "Jewish Genius":
From 1870 to 1950, Jewish representation in literature was four times the number one would expect. In music, five times. In the visual arts, five times. In biology, eight times. In chemistry, six times. In physics, nine times. In mathematics, twelve times. In philosophy, fourteen times.
[...] What accounts for this remarkable record? A full answer must call on many characteristics of Jewish culture, but intelligence has to be at the center of the answer. Jews have been found to have an unusually high mean intelligence as measured by IQ tests since the first Jewish samples were tested. (The widely repeated story that Jewish immigrants to this country in the early 20th century tested low on IQ is a canard.) Exactly how high has been difficult to pin down, because Jewish sub-samples in the available surveys are seldom perfectly representative. But it is currently accepted that the mean is somewhere in the range of 107 to 115, with 110 being a plausible compromise. (Murray 2007)
Murray then discussed a paper by Gregory Cochran, Jason Hardy, and Henry Harpending, likewise published in a mainstream journal. The authors argued that Ashkenazi Jews had historically worked in occupations that select for cognitive ability, i.e., sales, finance, and trade. Non-Jews usually worked in intellectually less demanding occupations, most often farming. Sephardic Jews were similarly selected, but not to the same extent. They tended to work in a wider range of occupations, with more emphasis on crafts than on finance. Furthermore, beginning in the 17th century, Ashkenazi craftsmen were more entrepreneurial than their Sephardic counterparts; they produced for a larger market, geographically and demographically, where the rewards for success were greater and where successful craftsmen had only one way of increasing their workforce to meet demand: marrying younger and having more children (Frost 2007).
This theory is supported by a striking piece of evidence: the high incidence among Ashkenazim of certain genetic disorders: Tay-Sachs, Gaucher, Niemann-Pick, and mucolipidosis type IV (MLIV). All four of these disorders affect the same metabolic pathway: the capacity to store sphingolipid compounds that promote the growth and branching of axons in the brain. Although these disorders are deleterious in the homozygote state, they're a net benefit in the much more frequent heterozygote state. They provide the brain with higher levels of sphingolipids without the adverse health effects (Cochran et al. 2006).
This is not to say that only these four disorders explain the higher mean IQ of Ashkenazim. They're simply witnesses to a selection pressure that has probably acted on the many thousands of genes that in one way another influence cognitive ability.
A strange collapse
If Jewish achievement is genetically based, it should be relatively stable, shouldn't it? Yet it has been far from stable over the past forty years. Ron Unz (2012) has ably documented what he calls "the strange collapse of Jewish achievement":
- In the U.S. Math Olympiad, over 40% of the top students were Jewish during the 1970s. During the 1980s and 1990s, the percentage averaged about one-third. During the thirteen years since 2000, two names out of 78 or 2.5% appear to be Jewish.
- On the Putnam Exam (a mathematics competition for American college students) over 40% of the winners were Jewish before 1950. Between that year and the 1990s, the percentage was 22-31%. Since 2000, it has been under 10%, without a single likely Jewish name between 2005 and 2012.
- Of the national finalists for the Science Talent Search, 22-23% were Jewish from the 1950s to the 1980s. The percentage was 17% in the 1990s, 15% in the 2000s, and 7% from 2010 to 2012. Of the thirty top students over the last period, only one seems to have been Jewish.
- Jews were over one-quarter of the top students in the Physics Olympiad from 1986 to 1997. During the 2000s the percentage was 5%.
- From 2000 to 2012, only 8% of the top students in the Biology Olympiad were Jewish, with none from 2010 to 2012.
- Between 1992 and 2012, only 11% of the winners of the Computing Olympiad had Jewish names, as did 8% of the Siemens AP Award winners.
- From 2010 to 2012, none of the Chemistry Olympiad winners had a probable Jewish name.
A similar decline seems to be under way in Israel. Rindermann (2018, p. 148) cites student assessment studies that indicate a decrease in that country's IQ from 101 in the 1960s to 95 today. Yet the intervening years saw a large influx of Jewish immigrants from the former Soviet Union—about 979,000 between 1989 and 2006 (Wikipedia 2018b). The Ashkenazi proportion of Israel's population is consequently higher today than it was in the 1960s.
So what is driving this decline in academic performance? Ron Unz opts for a social/cultural cause: "today's overwhelmingly affluent Jewish students may be far less diligent in their work habits or driven in their studies than were their parents or grandparents, who lived much closer to the bracing challenges of the immigrant experience."
Hmm ...It's a bit of a stretch to say that most Jewish American kids were still the children or grandchildren of immigrants as late as the 1970s. In this, Ron is echoing the frequent claim that the immigrant experience has a transformative effect, turning slackers into strivers or at least encouraging the slackers to stay home.
Let's take off the rose-tinted glasses and look reality in the face: most immigrants are not high achievers. Either today or back in the challenging 1970s. As for the minority who are, they typically come from groups that were already that way in their countries of origin. So the immigrant experience, in itself, has little explanatory value. The explanation is that certain cultures have selected for mental and behavioral traits that make high achievement possible.
Unz is on firmer ground when he says that over the last two decades up to half of the Jewish winners of the Math Olympiad were recent immigrants from the former Soviet Union. But why, then, did the mean IQ of Israel decline when that country took in a similar influx of Soviet Jews? That influx was much larger proportionately—almost a million in a country of eight and a half million. Today, Russian Jews number 1.2 million in Israel, if one includes non-Jewish household members (Wikipedia 2018a; Wikipedia 2018b).
Perhaps Soviet Jews who went to the United States were somehow different from those who went to Israel. In the U.S., about half of them arrived under the Lautenberg amendment (1990) which authorizes the entry of religious minorities "with a credible, but not necessarily individual, fear of persecution." In Israel, they arrived under the Law of Return, which lets in anyone with at least one Jewish grandparent or a Jewish spouse.
Israel is thus more open to immigrants from the former Soviet Union ... as long as they have some sort of Jewish affiliation. The affiliation is often weak:
In 1988, a year before the immigration wave began, 58% of married Jewish men and 47% of married Jewish women in the Soviet Union had a non-Jewish spouse. Some 26%, or 240,000, of the immigrants had no Jewish mother, and were thus not considered Jewish under Halakha, or Jewish religious law, which stipulates one must have a Jewish mother to be considered Jewish. (Wikipedia 2018b)
Out-marriage has increased considerably in those countries that provide Israel with immigrants, not only the former Soviet Union but also the United States, Canada, and France. If Jews are becoming less and less Jewish by ancestry, it should be no surprise that anything specific to them genetically is likewise becoming less and less, whether they live in Israel or in the United States. This genetic change should be most noticeable on the right tail of the bell curve ... among the most gifted.
So the decline in Jewish achievement may be both an argument for and an argument against a genetic cause. Ron Unz sees an argument against: "the innate potential of a group is unlikely to drop so suddenly." Well, only if the group has a closed membership. According to a 2013 American survey, the intermarriage rate is now 58% among all Jews and 71% among non-Orthodox Jews. Yet 81% of all Jews still raise their children as Jewish (Goodstein 2013). It seems that "Jewishness" is increasingly self-defined and self-ascribed.
Besides out-marriage, something else may be going on. There are signs that fertility is sharply declining among the most intelligent women (Kanazawa 2014). Jewish Americans would be harder hit in this respect, but the problem may be a much larger one, as indicated by the recent slowing down and reversal of the Flynn Effect and by the steady increase in reaction time from about the year 1980 onward (Flynn 2007, pp. 143; Frost 2014; Madison 2014; Teasdale and Owen 2005).
In conclusion, the decline in Jewish achievement may have a genetic cause, a social/cultural one, or both. It nonetheless looks real. Much has been written about the bleak outlook for Jewish Americans due to their high out-marriage rate and their low fertility rate. But what if, on top of this numerical decline, there has also been a cognitive and intellectual one?
What will happen when Jewish millennials and post-millennials pick up the torch, move up in the world, and begin to make their mark? We may see another collapse: that of the remarkable Jewish presence in American life and culture.
Cochran, G., J. Hardy, and H. Harpending. (2006). Natural history of Ashkenazi intelligence, Journal of Biosocial Science 38: 659-693.
https://antville.org/static/sites/kratzbuerste/files/AshkenaziIQ.pdf
Feldman, A. (2018). Is Jordan Peterson enabling Jew hatred? Forward. May 11
https://forward.com/news/national/400597/is-jordan-peterson-enabling-jew-hatred/
Flynn, J.R. (2007). What is Intelligence? Beyond the Flynn Effect. Cambridge University Press.
https://books.google.ca/books?id=qvBipuypYUkC&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false
Frost, P. (2007). Natural selection in proto-industrial Europe. Evo and Proud, November 16.
http://evoandproud.blogspot.com/2007/11/natural-selection-in-proto-industrial.html
Frost, P. (2014). What happened in the 1980s to reaction time? Evo and Proud, May 3.
http://evoandproud.blogspot.ca/2014/05/what-happened-in-1980s-to-reaction-time.html
Goodstein, L. (2013). Poll shows major shift in identity of U.S. Jews. The New York Times, October 1.
https://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/01/us/poll-shows-major-shift-in-identity-of-us-jews.html
Kanazawa, S. (2014). Intelligence and childlessness. Social Science Research 48: 157-170.
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Satoshi_Kanazawa/publication/263666009_Intelligence_and_childlessness/links/59dc1174458515e9ab45299c/Intelligence-and-childlessness.pdf
Madison, G. (2014). Increasing simple reaction times demonstrate decreasing genetic intelligence in Scotland and Sweden, London Conference on Intelligence, Psychological comments, April 25, #LCI14 Conference proceedings
http://www.unz.com/jthompson/lci14-questions-on-intelligence/
Murray, C. (2007). Jewish Genius. Commentary, April 1
https://www.commentarymagazine.com/articles/jewish-genius/
Rindermann, H. (2018). Cognitive Capitalism. Human Capital and the Wellbeing of Nations. Cambridge University Press.
Teasdale, T.W., and D.R. Owen. (2005). A long-term rise and recent decline in intelligence test performance: The Flynn Effect in reverse. Personality and Individual Differences 39(4): 837-843.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2005.01.029
Unz, R. (2012). The myth of American meritocracy. The American Conservative, November 28
http://www.theamericanconservative.com/articles/the-myth-of-american-meritocracy/
Wikipedia (2018a). Russian Jews in Israel
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Jews_in_Israel
Wikipedia (2018b). 1990s Post-Soviet Aliyah
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990s_Post-Soviet_aliyah
Labels: Ashkenazi Jews, Charles Murray, Gregory Cochran, Henry Harpending, IQ, Israel, Jordan Peterson, Ron Unz, Tay Sach's
A new yardstick
If we look at ancient DNA from 4,560 to 1,210 years ago, we see a steady increase over time in the number of genetic variants that are linked to high educational attainment (Woodley et al. 2017)
Four years ago I discussed genetic variants that seem to favor high educational attainment (Frost 2014). They’re found at single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and their incidence varies from one human population to another. In all but one case, they are specific to humans and not shared with ancestral primates.
Davide Piffer has been interested in these SNP variants, seeing them as a possible way to measure how genes contribute to intelligence in different populations. By looking up population data, he can calculate their average incidence for a given group of people. This measure is called the “cognitive polygenic score.”
When he wrote up his latest paper (Piffer 2017a), only nine of these variants were known. For each geographic region, the scores were as follows:
Sub-Saharan Africans – 18%
Amerindians – 25%
North Africans – 30%
Oceanians (Papuans, Melanesians) – 34%
Southeast Asians – 35%
West Asians – 38%
Middle Easterners – 40%
Europeans – 41%
Siberians – 43%
East Asians – 45%
This regional breakdown is open to criticism. Sardinians (32%) were not included in the European category, and Mongolians (49%) were grouped with East Asians rather than with Siberians. The distinction between Middle Easterners and West Asians is not clear to me. The Amerindian category is based on a few small groups. And who is included in the Southeast Asian category? Only Cambodians?
When Piffer compared these scores with the results of IQ tests in these regions, he found a high correlation of 0.9. That is high, higher than what I would expect, given the quality of the data, especially for mean IQ, and the very disparate nature of the two datasets.
Over a two-year period Piffer submitted his paper to Intelligence, resubmitted it, had it rejected, and then resubmitted it to Frontiers in Psychology, where it was accepted by the reviewers before being rejected by the editor. It is now sitting in the limbo of a preprint repository (Piffer 2017a).
Meanwhile, the number of these SNPs has continued to grow. A research team led by Aysu Okbay identified 74 SNPs that are associated with educational attainment (Okbay et al. 2016). Another team led by David Hill reported 107 in their initial preprint and 187 in their published paper (Hill et al. 2018).
Piffer (2017b) repeated his analysis, now using the 107 SNPs that Hill’s team had identified. The geographic pattern still held up but was weaker, the correlation being only 0.64. This lower score is actually more in line with what I would expect. It diverges the most from mean IQ in two geographic areas:
1. South Asia (Pakistan, India) - South Asians seem to do worse on IQ tests than their genetic endowment predicts. Why? Is it the culture? The diet? Inbreeding? Perhaps language. IQ tests are often administered in a language (English, Hindi, Urdu) that may be the second language of the person taking it. Or perhaps South Asian educational attainment is determined not only by IQ but also by qualities like the ability to sit still and not make a ruckus in class.
2. The Mende of Sierra Leone - For some reason, the Mende have a higher cognitive polygenic score than any other African population. This might be a real finding, or a typo.
Another research team, led by Michael Woodley, has compared the Okbay dataset with ancient DNA to see whether the cognitive polygenic score has increased over time, specifically between 4,560 and 1,210 years ago. The DNA was retrieved from European sites and a few sites from southwest and central Asia. The result? The cognitive polygenic score did increase over time. People on average had more and more of the alleles that favor educational attainment. The authors note that IQ alone may not be responsible:
[...] While the increase in these variants over time is certainly consistent with the expectation of rising GCA [general cognitive ability], the possibility that their increase indicates a simultaneous rise in other factors that make unique contributions to educational attainment (such as 'slow' life history or 'high-K' social cognitive characteristics) cannot be ruled out. (Woodley et al. 2017; references within quote removed)
The new mental/behavioral package developed through a process of feedback with the cultural environment. This gene-culture coevolution likely continued into recent times:
This process likely continued until the Late Modern Era, where it has been noted that among Western populations living between the 15th and early 19th centuries, those with higher social status (which shares genetic variance with, and is therefore a proxy for GCA) typically produced the most surviving offspring. These in turn tended toward downward social mobility due to intense competition, replacing the reproductively unsuccessful low-status stratum and effectively 'bootstrapping' those populations via the application of high levels of skill to solving problems associated with production and industry, eventually leading to the Industrial Revolution in Europe. (Woodley et al. 2017; references within quote removed)
More and more SNPs are being linked to educational attainment. The total is now in the triple digits. That’s still less than the thousands of genes that influence intelligence, but there is no need to identify most of them to spot general trends. Selection acts on phenotype, not on genotype. Selection for intelligence should therefore impact all of these SNPs in the same direction. It’s like estimating the proportions of different colors in a bowl of Smarties. You don’t have to count every last one. Just pick out a handful at random and count the colors.
Four years ago only 7 SNPs had been linked to educational attainment. Now we have 187. In another four years we’ll probably have more than a thousand. All the same, I doubt that the overall geographic pattern will change much. The problems lie elsewhere:
- Genetic data may be lacking for some unmixed groups, particularly Amerindians.
- The relationship between intelligence and cognitive polygenic score may not be linear.
- We may be relying too much on educational attainment as a proxy for IQ (which itself is a proxy for intelligence).
When I was in public school, girls did better than boys in almost every subject. They had good attendance, always took notes, and did their homework. Boys got bored more easily and spent more time fidgeting, daydreaming, and drawing pictures in their notebooks. This sex difference exists in all cultures, but it seems greater in some than in others.
How useful is educational attainment as a proxy for IQ? Yes, these two measures correlate highly with each other (Rindermann 2018, pp. 51-54), but this high correlation is based on studies from WEIRD countries (Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic). Does it hold up on a global scale? I’m not so sure.
Frost, P. (2014). Population differences in intellectual capacity: a new polygenic analysis, Evo and Proud, March 8
http://evoandproud.blogspot.ca/2014/03/population-differences-in-intellectual.html
Hill, W. D., R.E. Marioni, O. Maghzian, S.J. Ritchie, S.P. Hagenaars, A.M. McIntosh, C.R. Gale, G. Davies, I.J. Deary. (2018). A combined analysis of genetically correlated traits identifies 187 loci and a role for neurogenesis and myelination in intelligence. Molecular Psychiatry
Okbay, A., J.P. Beauchamp, M.A. Fontana, J.J. Lee, T.H. Pers, C.A. Rietveld, et al. (2016). Genome-wide association study identifies 74 loci associated with educational attainment. Nature 533: 539-542.
http://www.nature.com/articles/nature17671
Piffer, D. (2017a) Evidence for Recent Polygenic Selection on Educational Attainment and Intelligence Inferred from GWAS Hits: A Replication of Previous Findings Using Recent Data. Preprints, June 8
https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/201706.0039/v1
Piffer, D. (2017b). Piffer's results replicated (again) by latest GWAS (N=147,194), toppseudoscience, July 21
https://topseudoscience.wordpress.com/2017/07/21/piffers-results-replicated-again-by-latest-gwas-n147194/comment-page-1/#comment-95
Woodley, M.A., S. Younuskunju, B. Balan, and D. Piffer. (2017). Holocene selection for variants associated with general cognitive ability: comparing ancient and modern genomes. Twin Research and Human Genetics 20(4): 271-280.
https://doi.org/10.1017/thg.2017.37
Labels: Davide Piffer, genetics, Heiner Rindermann, IQ, Michael Woodley
Outbreeding: not what you may think
Mean number of children as a function of geographic distance between Danish marriage partners (Labouriau and Amorim 2008).
Most of us know about the genetics costs of inbreeding. If you do a Google search for "inbreeding is bad," you get 35,900 hits. "Outbreeding is bad" yields only 2.
Yet outbreeding does incur genetic costs. It can reduce fitness either by introducing alleles that are unsuited to the local environment or by disrupting co-adapted gene complexes. When a native trout species was hybridized with non-native trout, fertility fell by half with as little as 20% admixture (Muhlfeld et al. 2009).
Fertility is the canary in the coal mine. A measurable decline is a sign that some genes are malfunctioning, either at the time of fertilization or during embryonic development. A malfunction can occur because the genes from the mother and father are too similar—the risk is higher that both copies of a gene will be defective. It can also occur because one copy is too different—incompatibilities may develop with other genes.
That's what we know from data on fish and other animals. But what about our species? At what degree of relatedness do the costs of human outbreeding start to exceed the benefits? When you marry a Neanderthal? The answer may surprise you. An Icelandic study found that fertility peaks at marriages between third or fourth cousins. Fertility is lower when the prospective parents are more closely related ... or less.
Our results, drawn from all known couples of the Icelandic population born between 1800 and 1965, show a significant positive association between kinship and fertility, with the greatest reproductive success observed for couples related at the level of third and fourth cousins. Owing to the relative socioeconomic homogeneity of Icelanders, and the observation of highly significant differences in the fertility of couples separated by very fine intervals of kinship, we conclude that this association is likely to have a biological basis. (Helgason et al. 2008)
The data come from a time when birth control was not widely practiced. Nonetheless, there may have been something different about Icelanders who married beyond their fourth cousins. Perhaps they were more likely to go to university, meet someone from the other side of the country, and eventually settle down and have children late in life.
These socioeconomic factors were controlled in a Danish study that measured geographic distance between marriage partners:
The Danish study was based on the cohort of all women born in Denmark in 1954 who were alive and living in Denmark in 1969, totaling 42,165 women. This cohort was followed up to the end of 1999. The number of children born to each mother between the ages of 15 and 45 years old was determined and is referred to as fertility. The mean marital radius (MR) associated with each mother in the cohort was estimated using the distance between the centroids of the parish where she was born and the parishes where the partners with which she had children were born. (Labouriau and Amorim 2008)
Fertility peaked at around 75 km. This relationship between fertility and marital radius was not explained by education, family income, urbanicity, or mother's age at first birth. The authors concluded that their findings were consistent with those of the Icelandic study, the cause being the same in both cases: fertility rises with decreasing relatedness up to a peak level and then starts to fall. Inbreeding depression then gives way to outbreeding depression.
How exactly does outbreeding reduce fertility? Joffe (2010) points to the steady decline in sperm quality since the early 20th century, suggesting it may be due to an increase in outbreeding. He rejects the usually cited cause: the rising level of estrogenic compounds in the environment, e.g., dioxin, DDT, PCBs, PBBs, phthalates, etc. This proposed cause fails to explain why the sperm quality decline has varied so much spatially, even within the same country. Why, for instance, has it been steep in Paris and nonexistent in Toulouse? Why is it nonexistent in domestic animals that are just as exposed to estrogenic compounds? Finally, the decline seems to have begun before most of these compounds began to be commercially produced.
Joffe (2010) also suggests that there may be a parallel decline in egg quality. We don't really know because sperm is much easier to collect than eggs for large-scale study.
Do we now have outbreeding depression?
Today, inbreeding depression has largely disappeared throughout the Western world. For a long time the beneficial effects of outbreeding were shown by a steady increase in height and a steady decrease in the age of menarche. Both trends have now ground to a halt:
In Northern Europe, adult height has largely stabilised, and the age of menarche has also settled at around 13 years, while weight continues to increase due to obesity. (Cole 2003)
The steady rise in IQ, known as the Flynn Effect, has sometimes been attributed to outbreeding, although this explanation has been challenged (Flynn 2007, pp. 101-102; Woodley 2011). In any case, the Flynn Effect, too, is slowing throughout the West (Flynn 2007, p. 143). In Scandinavia, mean IQ peaked during the late 1990s and has since declined (Teasdale and Owen 2005).
Has outbreeding become more problematic than inbreeding? That's what the latest findings suggest, yet that doesn't at all seem to be the current wisdom.
Cole, T.J. (2003). The secular trend in human physical growth: a biological view. Economics & Human Biology 1(2): 161-168.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1570-677X(02)00033-3
Helgason, A., S. Pálsson, D.F. Guðbjartsson, þ. Kristjánsson, K. Stefánsson. (2008). An association between the kinship and fertility of human couples. Science 319(5864): 813-816.
http://facelab.org/debruine/Teaching/EvPsych/files/Helgason_2008.pdf
Joffe, M. (2010). What has happened to human fertility? Human Reproduction 25(2): 295-307.
https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dep390
https://academic.oup.com/humrep/article/25/2/295/671754
Labouriau, R., and A. Amorim. (2008). Comment on "An Association Between the Kinship and Fertility of Human Couples" Science 322(5908): 1634
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1161907
http://science.sciencemag.org/content/322/5908/1634.2.full
Muhlfeld, C.C., S.T Kalinowski, T.E. McMahon, M.L. Taper, S. Painter, R.F. Leary, F.W. Allendorf. (2009). Hybridization rapidly reduces fitness of a native trout in the wild. Biology Letters, March 18
http://rsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/early/2009/03/13/rsbl.2009.0033.short
Woodley, M.A. (2011). Heterosis doesn't cause the Flynn effect: A critical examination of Mingroni (2007). Psychological Review 118(4): 689-693.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0024759
Labels: environmental estrogens, Flynn Effect, inbreeding, male infertility, outbreeding
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#DEARHOPE
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Hope and Co. Excited for Japan Friendlies
By Tiana Aument| 2016-06-02T17:27:25+00:00 02 June 2016|News, USWNT|0 Comments
Hope Solo is on the brink of cementing her name in the history books and she is primed for the chance to build on her astounding United States Soccer legacy this weekend.
No. 1 is already the USA’s all-time leader in goalkeeper caps, starts, wins and shutouts, and she could add another two notches to her belt within the week. Hope is two wins away from having 150 for her career and two shutouts shy of 100. With two matches against Japan coming up, the star could become the first goalkeeper in US history to clinch 100 clean sheets as soon as Sunday.
But it won’t be easy against one of the top teams in the world.
The USWNT faces Japan for the first time since the 2015 FIFA World Cup Final, this Thursday, when the two rival meet at Dick’s Sporting Goods Park in Commerce City, Colo. at 6 p.m. PT. It’s the first of back-to-back friendlies between the World’s top-ranked women’s soccer teams. The second match kicks off three days later at FirstEnergy Stadium in Cleveland at 9:30 a.m. PT.
“It’s good to be back in camp,” Hope said. “I think what’s great is that everyone is fit because we’ve been playing games in the NWSL. Of course, there’s a couple of people who are battling injuries, like Carli Lloyd, but she’s coming back healthy and strong. It’s nice to see everyone feel confident because we’ve been playing, we’ve been getting minutes. I think it makes for a short, strong camp where we can get in specific work.”
The two teams have a rich history, having met in the past three world finals. The U.S. lost to Japan in penalty kicks at the 2011 World Cup in Germany but defeated them 2-1 in the gold medal game at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London. Most recently, at the 2015 World Cup in Vancouver, the USWNT overpowered Japan to a 5-2 decision to clinch the third Cup win in squad history.
The U.S. holds an all-time winning record of 25-1-6 against Japan, outscoring them 92-22. With history on the USWNT’s side, they also carry momentum into the match from this year alone. The USWNT is undefeated in 2016 with an 11-0-0 mark. They’ve conceded just one goal, giving them 10 shutouts on the year — eight of which belong to Hope.
Most recently, the U.S. shut out Colombia twice in April by a combined score of 10-0. Against Germany, France and England during the SheBelieves Cup, the scoring was kept closer, but the U.S. still prevailed by a combined score of 4-1 for the March matches.
The team’s success is driven by its strong core of valuable players. Hope has started nine games, surrendering just one goal in 810 minutes. Leading the offensive effort are midfielder Carli Lloyd (8 goals, 5 assists), forward Crystal Dunn (8 goals, 3 assists) and forward Alex Morgan (8 goals, 3 assists).
Japan looks like a different team since the last time they met, but Hope is looking forward to facing them and seeing what they rival squad has ahead of this summer’s potential Olympic rematch.
“We have two games against a great team,” said Solo. “I know Japan doesn’t have a lot of their well-known players but we’re all really excited to see the younger, technical side of Japan. We don’t know what they’re going to bring but it will be great, and it will be a little bit different than what we’ve seen in the past.”
Japan struggled early in 2016. In their first three matches, they lost to Australia and China, tying with Korea Republic in between. Only recently has Japan started to pick up their game, notching a 6-1 win over Vietnam and a 1-0 shutout over Korea DPR in March.
Japan looks to continue its progress, but the 2011 World Cup champs will have their work cut out for them against the USWNT, which will look to keep their undefeated season intact.
Following the meetings with Japan, the USWNT will play two more matches before heading to Brazil for the 2016 Summer Olympics. USA faces South Africa at Soldier Field in Chicago on July 9 before playing a team that has yet to be announced in late July.
FIFA World Rankings (FIFA, March 25, 2016)
Countdown to Brazil well underway for WNT (US Soccer, May 28, 2016)
Hope Solo shutouts by the numbers (US Soccer, May 31, 2016)
USA vs. Japan Women’s Soccer: Date, Time, Live Stream for 2016 Friendly (Bleacher Report, Jun 2, 2016)
SHOP SOLO.
KNOW EVERYTHING HOPE.
/HOPESOLO
© HOPE SOLO / GOAL DEFENDED BY ATHLETE INTERACTIVE / IMAGES COURTESY OF ISI PHOTOS / PRIVACY POLICY
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(Katowice, Poland | Apr. 23, 2019) - Jujubee’s New Diving Simulator Has Just Received Its Release Date! The Underwater World Is Yours to Explore on May 27!
Polish developer Jujubee S.A. has just revealed that its new Deep Diving Simulator game is scheduled for launch on May 27, 2019. The game will offer a satisfying diving experience for the players and it will be available for the PC.
The developers want to show the beautiful and mysterious underwater world that even to this day remains mostly undiscovered while reminding the extreme situations a professional diver has to face. Breathtaking locations filled with vivid sea life will welcome the adventurer who will have to use various tools to achieve his diving goals.
A friendly professor asks the player for assistance in retrieving various objects from the depths of the seas and oceans. This simple task, however, could be the one that will lead them to the lost city of Atlantis. Each diving location has its own challenges that the player must overcome to be successful, not to mention that roaming sharks or wandering rays may dislike the player’s presence.
An important aspect of the game is the educational value in its gameplay. For example, the player on his journey will witness a location that has been destroyed by pollution resulting in species desperately trying to adapt to the human interference. However, the player will have the option to remedy the damage by saving turtles that have been caught in nets or by using a tool to clean fish flocks from harmful substances. It is up to the player to decide whether he really wants to assist the sea life.
The game’s score has been composed by Adam Skorupa, known for creating mesmerizing songs in The Witcher series, Ancestors: Legacy, Bulletstorm, and more. The developers are currently focusing on the PC version, however, they have expressed their interest in releasing Deep Diving Simulator on the Mac, consoles, and VR in the near future.
Vimeo: https://vimeo.com/331926697
Regular price: $19.99/€17.99
Launch price: $14.99/€13,99
Where can you find the game:
You can now add Deep Diving Simulator to your Steam’s wishlist:
Press kit available here:
http://bit.do/ddspresskit
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Wairarapa Library Service Kete :Carterton District Library
The Great Carterton Wheelbarrow Race
Browse: Site or Carterton District Library
Topic: Library history
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» Organization
A history of the public library service in Carterton from 1873.
HISTORY 1874 - 2010
A concerted effort by the citizens of Carterton in 1873 enabled the first library to be established on March 24 1874 based on a collection of 200 books. Some of these initial books were purchased by Charles Rooking Carter, then residing in London.
Fundraising had begun as early as 1870 when early settlers held "readings" in each others homes, charging a penny to come and listen. The money was used to purchase books and soon the collection grew to such an extent that a room in the first Town Hall was required to house it.
Mr W. Parker was appointed librarian at a salary of seven pounds a year. Annual subscriptions set at 10 shillings, with an entrance fee of 2/6. It was reported that there were 50 members and the library was debt free in February 1875. Mr W. Booth, A. Armstrong and R. Fairbrother were the first trustees of the library.
By December 1878 the library collection had grown to approximately 700 volumes. Again Charles Rooking Carter acknowledged the library and raised a further 50 pounds in London and added a further 12 pounds from his own purse to purchase more books.
In 1880 the community decided to build a library building, the room in the Town Hall being too small for the purpose. The imposing mock-Roman building was completed in 1881 at a cost of 336 pounds, Mr W. Booth supplying the timber. Carter also assisted by obtaining the land and extra funds.
The Librarian's living quarters were at the back of the library and until 1988 were still being used as a residence. Evidence of the chook sheds associated with the library flat can still be seen at the rare of the current building.
Charles Rooking Carter maintained his strong association with the library through donations of books. By 1884 the collection stood at 2,388 books. On his death in 1896 Carter bequeathed a sizeable part of his own collection to the town.
From 1876 until May 1963 Carterton Public Library was a subscription library, a membership fee being paid annually by all borrowers. In 1896 the Carterton Borough Council made an annual grant of 20 pounds (rising to 250 pounds by 1957) to subsidise the libraries operation and to allow for public use of the restroom. 1896 also saw the opening of a public reading room.
Throughout the 87 years as a subscription library it was managed by a volunteer committee elected annually. At the last meeting of the library committee Mr W. Vaughan handed the deeds to Cr. Andy McCallum representing the Carterton Borough Council.
A centennial plaque was unveiled at 2pm on Saturday 19 1981 by the Mayor, W.P. Chisholm, to mark the 100th year of occupation of the Holloway Street building by the library. It is believed that the library is the oldest purpose built library still in library use in New Zealand.
Some of Carter's books held at the Alexander Turnbull Library in Wellington were returned to the library in 1981. These are now held in a glass cabinet within the library.
The Love Seat which resides in the was commissioned by the South Wairarapa Community Arts Council to commemorate the centenary of the library building in Holloway Street. It was designed by Welshman David Lewis and built by Ted Rotman in 1981.
In February 1984 the Wairarapa Large Print Pool was officially started. This was the first co-operative arrangement entered into by the libraries of Carterton, Featherston, Greytown, Martinborough and Masterton. This arrangement enabled the purchase of a wider range of large print books for the benefit of all five libraries.
The Carterton Suffrage Centennial Banner, which hangs in the library, was part of a nation-wide New Zealand Suffrage Centennial project. The Carterton banner was produced by members of the Wairarapa Embroidiers Guild, featuring symbols of the district. The basic shield shape recognises the suffragists association with the Womens Temperance Movement.
The embroidiered banner of the Waiohine C.W.I. commemorating their jubilee also hangs in the Library.
It was reported in June 1994 the library had 10, 611 books. During the late 1990's the library experienced a number of developments. On 28 October 1995 the first Saturday morning opening was introduced. Following hard on this on Friday March 1 1996 at 12.30pm the Library's computer catalogue was launched. Finally on March 5 1999 Mayor G. Beyer opened the new extension to the existing building. At this time the collection consisted of approximately 21,000 books.
The next development occurred in September 2001 when Carterton Public Library officially joined a joint co-operative arrangement with the South Wairarapa District Council's libraries to form the Wairarapa Library Service with a total book stock of approximately 76,000 items, 30,000 of which are at Carterton.
For the first time in 129 years the Library was temporarially relocated to the Greytown St Marks Lodge Hall across the road in Holloway Street while the Carterton Events Centre was constructed around the old library building. The move began in mid-September 2010 and was completed by 18 October 2010 when construction began on the new building by Holms Construction under the direction of Opus International architects. Mayor Gary McPhee performed a turning of the sod ceremony as his last official act as mayor on 8 October 2010.
Bagnall, A.G. A history of Carterton: the story of the first hundred years of the settlement of Carterton 1957
Nga Maharatanga o Wairarapa / edited by Catherine Morrison 1991
Various newspaper articles, letters, reports and documents held at Carterton District Library
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Archive for the ‘Nixon’ Category
Friday, July 22nd, 2011
Nearly 40 years after the Watergate arrests, a former police spy has published a book in which he makes extraordinary claims about the FBI’s COINTEL program and, just as sensationally, the supposed dismantling of the Nixon Administration by a Pentagon spy-ring.
Watergate Exposed is the biography of a “Confidential Informant” named Robert Merritt, as told to one of the lawyers for the Watergate burglars. It is not a very good book, or even a very reliable one. But it may be a mistake to ignore it. Among other things, Merritt claims to have tipped off the police in advance of the June 17th Watergate break-in, to have participated with police and Pentagon agents in the drugging, kidnapping and blackmailing of a senior CIA lawyer, while also having a hand in the poisoning of antiwar demonstrators.
Robert Merritt
The story begins in the tradition of the bildungsroman, with the young Merritt leaving an unhappy home in West Virginia, only to wash up at a Trailways bus station in the nation’s capital. A good-looking kid with few, if any, moral inhibitions, it was apparently only a matter of minutes before he concluded a sex-for-hospitality arrangement with an employee at the bus station. With his domestic situation efficiently sorted, Merritt then went looking for more gainful employment, and soon found it as a post-mortem technician in a local hospital. His job? Removing the hearts from the cadavers of children for use in a government study.
The work seems not to have bothered him overly much. He toiled at it for two years before he found what became his life’s calling. In January, 1970, while cruising the city’s “artsy” Dupont Circle neighborhood, Merritt attracted the attention of an undercover police detective named Carl Shoffler.
No ordinary cop, Shoffler was a born conspirator, forever setting traps for the wicked. Affable and very intelligent, he was a veteran of the Army Security Agency and its “listening post” at the Vint Hill Farm station in Northern Virginia. Working closely with the National Security Agency (NSA), Vint Hill was an antennae farm whose classified mission was to intercept Soviet Bloc radio transmissions – as well as communications among antiwar organizations, radical groups and left-wing think-tanks headquartered in the capital.
To an undercover cop like Shoffler, whose official responsibilities shifted between Vice and Intelligence, Merritt was quite the prize.
Undercover police detective Carl Shoffler.
Here, it should be recalled that the times were virtually radioactive. Two months before Merritt and Shoffler hooked up, more than half-a-million demonstrators braved tear-gas in the streets of Washington to protest the Vietnam war. Soon afterwards, college students were gunned down by National Guardsmen on the campus of Kent State University. The antiwar movement, already white-hot, exploded. So did the Army Mathematics Research Institute at the University of Wisconsin, where a cabal of students and townies detonated a van-load of ammonium nitrate fertilizer, inadvertently killing a graduate student who was working late that night. In Washington, the Weather Underground detonated their own bomb – inside the Capitol itself. Student riots became routine throughout the country, and to many people – Left, Right and Center - it seemed like the wheels were coming off.
All of which combined to make Robert Merritt something of a find. A gay street kid with long hair and very little “hold-back,” he could be relied upon to help Shoffler and his colleagues “infiltrate, expose, disrupt and discredit” dissident groups and their leaders. That was the mandate of secret government undertakings to which Shoffler and his cohort were a party – illegal operations like the COINTEL program and the CIA’s Operation CHAOS. In Washington, the Institute for Policy Studies was subjected to surveillance, infiltration, and disruption. So were the Red House Bookstore and underground newspapers like the The Quicksilver Times. Even the restrooms – especially the restrooms – came under surveillance. At least the ones at Dupont Circle did.
Some of this was business as usual. Washington’s gay community had been of special interest to the police and the feds since the Second World War. For more than 20 years, the Washington Police Department’s Lt. Roy Blick compiled thousands of dossiers on the city’s “perverts.” Testifying before a Senate subcommittee in 1950, “Blick described parties raided, officials high and low arrested, and ended with a real shocker,” Newsweek reported. “’There are some 5,000 homosexuals in the District of Columbia,’ he testified, ‘and 3,750 of them work for the government.’”
Of particular interest were people of influence – wayward lawyers and politicians, judges and businessmen – and their families. Male and female prostitutes and their clients were also targeted, and the results shared with both the FBI and the Security Research Staff at the CIA. That the dossiers were sometimes put to political use is undeniable, their compilation justified on the grounds that homosexuals were a national security threat.
Shoffler became Blick’s protege during the 1960s – and soon was known within the Department as “Little Blick.” He seems to have “inherited” many of his namesake’s files when the latter retired and, like Blick, liaised regularly with his FBI and CIA counterparts.
And not just his counterparts. If we can believe Merritt, Shoffler was also in touch with White House counsel John Dean.
This will give Watergate aficionados pause. There are those of us who believe that Dean unilaterally ordered the Watergate break-in. If then, it should turn out that in the weeks and months leading up to the break-in, Dean was meeting with the police officer who would eventually make the Watergate arrests, we will have arrived at an interesting and previously unknown intersectiion in the affair.
That said, it must be noted Merritt’s recollection of the supposed Shoffler-Dean meeting(s) is not in his book. It’s a story he recounted on a radio program while attempting to publicize that book. As Merritt tells it, he accompanied Shoffler to a soiree at the Old Stein restaurant in April, 1972. This was two months before the Watergate break-ins and, according to Merritt, those in attendance included John Dean and a temblor of “military brass.” Elsewhere, Merritt claims that he first met Dean before an antiwar demonstration in the capital. He’d met up with Shoffler who was on his way to a meeting with a man the detective would only identify as “J.D.” An antiwar demonstration was in the offing, and J.D. – whom Merritt later recognized as John Dean - was seated in a parked car near Dupont Circle. Merritt says he didn’t give the introduction much thought, until recently.
Why Shoffler would have brought Merritt to a kaffee-klatch of high-ranking military officers is unclear, and seems unlikely. Still, it is not entirely beyond the realm of possibility that Shoffler would have introduced Merritt to Dean if, in fact, Shoffler was liaising with Dean. And perhaps he was. Antiwar demonstrations were a part of Dean’s brief at the White House, and he is known to have kept track of them. It is at least possible, then, that he and Shoffler met from time to time to compare notes.
But revelations like these drive Merritt’s amenuensis, Douglas Caddy, crazy.
Douglas Caddy
Merritt and Caddy were in regular contact for years about the book. Indeed, the book is Robert Merritt’s story as told to Douglas Caddy, who also added a thoughtful and interesting Prologue and Afterward. The problem Caddy now has with the book is that some of Merritt’s most significant and/or outrageous claims are nowhere to be found in it. They only came out when Merritt began to publicize the book, whereupon he did what Confidential Informants almost always do: he became an unstoppable raconteur. And in so doing, he may well have embellished the tale to make it even more interesting (though this has yet to be demonstrated).
Caddy’s interest in the affair would seem to be transparent. He worked with Howard Hunt at the Robert R. Mullen Company, a Washington-based PR firm that served, also, as a CIA cover and looked after Howard Hughes’s interests in the capital.
So it was that immediately after the Watergate arrests, Hunt contacted Caddy, urging him to represent the burglars at their arraignment. Because Caddy’s new clients were mystery-men with fake IDs and refused to answer questions, the curiosity of the U.S. Attorney’s office, the FBI and the cops was piqued.
And so the court brought pressure upon Caddy himself.
Subpoena’d to appear before a grand jury, Caddy at first refused to answer questions about how he had come to be involved in the case, invoking the attorney-client privilege. Judge John Sirica promptly cited the lawyer for contempt. Confronted with jail-time, Caddy relented, which meant that he was forced to testify as a witness against his own clients.
To Caddy’s way of thinking, this was not necessarily a bad thing. Sirica’s order was so outrageous that if Caddy’s clients should be convicted, the case would likely be overturned on appeal. In the event, however, this analysis was mooted when the burglars were persuaded to change their pleas to Guilty, thereby obviating any revelations about the burglary or its purpose.
Merritt’s tale brings Caddy even deeper into the Watergate story. According to the Confidential Informant, officer Shoffler and his cohort lobbied him – hard - to seduce the lawyer.
This was an allegation that Merritt had made years earlier, and which I had reported upon – somewhat skeptically – in Secret Agenda. What made me skeptical was the absence of any evidence that Caddy was gay. But I was wrong. Caddy was, in fact, secretly gay and had gone to great lengths to conceal it.
So chalk one up for Merritt. He is obviously telling the truth about this, and we can only wonder about the lengths to which Shoffler and his associates would go. And had gone. That he knew of Caddy’s homosexuality seems remarkable until we recall that Shoffler was known as “Little Blick,” and liaised with what Jack Anderson called “the CIA’s Sex Squad,” as well as basement operations at the FBI and NYPD Intelligence.
Caddy’s name no doubt appeared in one or more the “pervert files” that were available to him.
But the story doesn’t end there. In Watergate Exposed, Merritt tells us that it wasn’t just Caddy’s seduction that was sought. Shoffler and his cohort – a casserole of fellow cops, FBI agents and Pentagon spooks – actually wanted him to kill the lawyer, and offered him $10,000 – later raised to $100,000 – to carry out “the assignment.” Merritt says he refused. Apparently on…well, ethical grounds.
Let us pause.
Inasmuch as Robert Merritt’s ethical standards can only be described as “chthonic,” I find it incredible that he would turn down so much money – to do anything. Even so, I am not sure that he’s lying in every direction. Because what stands out about Merritt almost as much as his corruption is his naivete and immense desire to please. It was these characteristics that made him so easily manipulated by his police handlers. And we see it at work here, in the Caddy story, when Merritt attempts to explain the motivations of Shoffler and the Pentagon spooks. It’s a mixed bag. They certainly wanted to know how Caddy had come to represent the burglars. But according to Merritt, there were other reasons, as well. The spooks were homophobic and were happy to kill Caddy…because he was a fag. And there were political reasons, also. Caddy “knew too much about the CIA,” Merritt tells us. He was “a communist…pro-Cuban and…” – wait for it – “a leader of the Young Americans for Freedom.”
As improbable story must seem, I am sure that something like it actually occurred. What makes me think so is a further detail that Merritt provides. “The exact description of the assignment,” he writes, is that “I was suppose to insert…(a) gelatin-like suppository into his rectum, which would have caused (Caddy’s) death within minutes.”
Yikes! Death by suppository! Poetic justice, no doubt, in the eyes of rightwing homophobes and yet…these are supposed to be serious people, the kinds of people who, when committing murder, place greater emphasis on efficiency than wit. Instead, what we have is what sounds a bit like the macho b.s. that one sometimes hears in locker-rooms and bars with sticky floors.
So the question presents itself: am I overestimating the intelligence of Shoffler and his cohort, or am I underestimating the intelligence of Merritt?
There can be no certainty on this point, but some of Merritt’s other “revelations”
may help us to decide. For instance, one of his many bombshells is the assertion that he tipped off Shoffler to what turned out to be the the final Watergate break-in. He did this, we’re told, on June 1, 1972.
That Shoffler may have been tipped off is something I have long suspected. I wrote about the possibility in Secret Agenda, noting that Shoffler and his buddies were waiting in an unmarked car outside the Watergate office building when the break-in took place. I was 1:30 in the morning, and Shoffler had been off-duty for hours. But this was by no means the only reason to suspect that the burglars walked into a trap. Even if we leave aside the peculiar behavior of the burglary team’s leader, James McCord – about which I have written elsewhere – there is the testimony of Capt. Edmund Chung.
He was Shoffler’s commanding officer at Vint Hill Farm. And according to Chung, who volunteered his testimony to the Senate, he had occasion to dine with Shoffler after the Watergate arrests. The burglary was front-page news, and Chung asked Shoffler how he had made the arrests. The police detective replied that he’d been in contact with Alfred Baldwin prior to the last break-in. (Baldwin was the former FBI agent hired by McCord to eavesdrop on telephone conversations that McCord claimed were emanating from the DNC.)
Shoffler’s implication, then, is that it was Baldwin who had tipped him off. (Baldwin acknowledges having met Shoffler at an antiwar demonstration.) If the whole story ever came out, Chung says Shoffler told him, “his life wouldn’t be worth a nickel.”
There is no mention of Chung in Merritt’s book, and the men’s stories are by no means of a piece. While they are in agreement that Shoffler was given advance warning of the June 17 break-in, they differ on the source. According to Merritt, it was he – and not Alfred Baldwin – who warned Shoffler. He says he did this on June 1, after being told of the impending break-in by a switchboard operator at the nearby Columbia Plaza Apartments. “She,” we are told, had learned of the break-in plan while eavesdropping on a telephone conversation between two men.
Merritt’s account of the incident is detailed. The switchboard operator is said to have been “a drag-queen” named James Reed, a/k/a “Rita.” The telephone connection apparently consisted of a so-called “reserve line” – one of three on the switchboard – that did not connect to the apartments. Asked about this, a former supplier of bugging equipment to the FBI suggested that the line in question may have been in use by an eavesdropping operation in the basement or elsewhere in the apartment complex.
The problems with (this part of) Merritt’s tale are several, and fundamental. For instance, the first successful burglary of the DNC occurred on the night of May 28th, 1972. A handwritten log, summarizing telephone conversations that Baldwin overheard from his listening-post in the Howard Johnson’s Motel, was edited by McCord and given to Gordon Liddy two days later. In other words, Liddy received the logs on June 1 – the same day Merritt says he told Shoffler about a break-in that was set for June 18th.
The problem, of course, is that there was no perceived need for a second entry at this time.
It was not until a week later – on Friday, June 9th – that the Committee to Re-Elect the President’s Jeb Magruder pronounced the eavesdropping logs “worthless.” Coincidentally, this was the same day that a front-page story appeared in the The Washington Star, linking the White House to a “Capitol Hill call-girl ring” with ties to the Nixon White House. John Dean reacted to the news with alacrity, if not panic. Grabbing the phone, he summoned the Asst. U.S. Attorney who was handling the case to come to the White House – and ordered him to bring “all the evidence” with him.
The weekend intervened, and it was not until Monday, June 12th, that Dean’s subordinate, Jeb Magruder, told Liddy that there would have to be a second entry to the Watergate.
This sequence of events is a well-established part of the Watergate narrative. On its face, it would seem to rule out a June 1 plan to re-enter the DNC more than two weeks later.
But maybe not. When Douglas Caddy is asked about this, he acknowledges the problem and suggests a solution. Perhaps, he says, Magruder and/or Dean were taking orders from a person or group outside the White House and the Committee to Re-Elect the President (CRP). Like who? Like what? The Pentagon, Caddy suggests. Or the CIA.
There is no evidence that this is what occurred, though it would tend to explain a second problem that is fundamental to Merritt’s account.
According to Merritt, his source (James “Rita” Reed) told him that the break-in would destroy the Nixon Administration. Which, in a sense, it did. But this could not have been foreseen as a consequence of the burglary itself. The Administration was actually destroyed by a perfect storm that included the relentlessness of the liberal media; the influence of the Kennedy machine upon the Senate Judiciary Committee; the slow-motion hemorrhage of the Administration’s secrets, crimes and improprieties; the destructive duet of James McCord and John Dean; and, not least, the Administration’s clumsy attempts at a cover-up.
Until those events had come to pass, the Watergate incident was little more than a serious embarrassment – one that Nixon appeared to have overcome through his re-election. To claim, as Merritt does, that Nixon’s downfall was foreseen in early June suggests either supernatural clairvoyance or a conspiracy of Byzantine proportions.
In the event, neither Caddy nor Merritt see this as an obstacle to the latter’s credibility. On the contrary, they imagine the unfolding of a “Seven Days in May” scenario – in other words, they believe “Watergate” was a coup d’etat.
As evidence of the conspiracy, Merritt offers yet another revelation that is not in his book, but which he recounted (much to Caddy’s chagrin) after the book was published.
According to the police informant, Shoffler and a team of Pentagon spooks drugged and kidnapped the CIA’s special counsel, Mitch Rogovin, in 1975. Though Nixon had resigned by then, the Church and Pike committees were investigating (respectively) CIA abuses and the Agency’s involvement in the Watergate affair.
According to Merritt, the Pentagon feared that an in-house CIA report (marked “Eyes Only,” “Secret,” and/or “Confidential”) would reveal the existence of a military spying operation targeted at the former Nixon White House. The purpose of the Pentagon operation, we are told, was to bring down the Administration.
The 400-page CIA report was supposedly entitled Confidential Report on Intelligence of Military Secret Operations on Nixon. By way of clarification, the report was said to be subtitled Report of Operations of Secret Surveillance and Eavesdropping. Perhaps to facilitate discussion, the putative report was conveniently referred to by its acronym, C.R.I.M.S.O.N R.O.S.E. (though C.R.I.M.S.O.N R.O.S.S.E. would have been more accurate).
I must confess that I am not sure where to begin with this, as we seem to have arrived at a S.I.L.L.Y. P.L.A.C.E. The most obvious point to make, I suppose, is that if Merritt is telling the truth, the CIA is in desperate need of a copy editor. “Secret Surveillance and Eavesdropping”? Sounds a bit like “wet water,” does it not? As for the report’s classification, it is the first that I have ever seen to have been designated “Secret,” “Confidential” and “Eyes Only” – all at once.
No matter. Shoffler and his alleged team of Pentagon spies were determined to obtain the supposed report – though it is by no means clear what they intended to do with it. In the event, we’re told they lured CIA lawyer Mitch Rogovin to the Mayflower Hotel, spiked his drink with knock-out drops, and dragged him to the hotel’s freight elevator – which Merritt claims he was operating. Carried to a room, the hapless and unconscious attorney was stripped to his wedding ring and placed in embarrassing postures with a whore.
The purpose of the exercise, we’re told, was to persuade Rogovin to retrieve the Crimson Rose report, which had been sequestered in a Secure Room at CIA headquarters in Langley. There, it was chained to a table in a large binder. Fearful that the photos might be leaked, Rogovin supposedly retrieved the Crimson Rose report and gave it – with the severed chains till dangling from the binder – to Shoffler and his team of Pentagon spooks.
Seems unlikely, does it not? Even if Pentagon’s spies were so deranged as to mount an operation as crude and egregious as the one that Merritt describes, what did they hope to do with the report? Would it not have occurred to them that there might be a copy? Moreover, what was to be done about Rogovin? The Secure Rooms that Merritt refers to are guarded by Marines and/or CIA Security staff. A record is maintained of all who enter and leave them, and closed circuit television cameras record the comings and goings of all visitors. Leaving aside the question of Rogovin being subject (as all CIA employees are) to regular polygraph testing, surely someone might would have noticed a dangling chain and missing binder in the Secure Room.
With the Crimson Rose story, Robert Merritt descends to opera bouffe. The Pentagon spy-ring that he has christened “Crimson Rose” is obviously derived from the Moorer-Radford incident, in which a Navy yeoman rifled Henry Kissinger’s briefcase and burn-bags. The secrets he obtained were dutifully conveyed to Adm. Thomas Moorer, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff – though it’s unlikely that any of it was news to him. Washington Post reporter Jack Anderson, a friend and co-religionist of Yeoman Charles Radford, may also (and especially) have been a consumer of the looted materials.
The Moorer-Radford incident is, of course, anything but news. It is discussed in Secret Agenda and other books and news articles. The Pentagon and White House investigated the affair, which the Pentagon’s own chief investigator (Donald Stewart) compared to a “Seven Days in May” scenario. If there was a secret report on the Moorer-Radford affair, it was therefore more likely to be held in a Secure Room at the Pentagon (and/or the White House) than at the CIA.
In this connection, it is at least ironic to note that Yeoman Radford’s espionage was, if anything, trivial compared to the CIA’s own surveillance of the Nixon White House. It is a fact that all of the photos taken and all of the documents stolen by the Plumbers were diverted to the CIA – with the White House receiving either nothing at all, or adulterated versions of the take.
Finally, what may be said about Robert Merritt is that he is, by profession, a lifelong snitch and provocateur who admits to having “committed so many crimes at the direction of the FBI that had I been indicted, the list of felony counts would have set a world record and, if convicted, I could have received one of the longest sentences in history.”
According to Caddy, Merritt’s activities included “lying to…two comittees of Congress and a Special Prosecutor; participating in the theft of a Top Secret…national security document obtained through kidnapping, blackmailing and extorting the General Counsel of the CIA; (and) distributing candy containing poison to anti-war demonstrators and later claiming over a hundred of these persons died as a result.”
To these sins, we may add that Merritt also admits to having whored for the police and the Feds, by going after liberal political targets such as Sen. William Proximire.
Merritt is, in other words, a “man for all seasons,” albeit a gay one. His bottom-line is that, like all snitches, he needs a patron or a client – someone who will immunize him from own misdeeds, so long as he returns with whatever is needed (whether what’s needed is there or not).
That said, at this late date, it is doubtful that even Merritt knows what’s true or false about his past. So desperate does he seem for validation – money or fame, infamy or redemption – he will, I think, “remember” whatever it takes to rescue himself from a clear view of his own life.
William Burroughs called it “the naked lunch,” and Merritt has been dining on it for quite awhile. But that doesn’t mean you shouldn’t listen to him. While reserving judgment on Merritt’s bona fides, journalist Phil Stanford notes that some of Merritt’s more interesting and controversial claims would seem to be corroborated elsewhere. Even so, to rely on Merritt as a source would be folly. Best, then, to treat his information as leads and seek verification where it can be found.
As for Douglas Caddy, his contribution to the Merritt story is an important one. His Prologue, Afterword and letter to FBI Director Mueller contain new revelations about Watergate and the COINTEL program, while raising any number of interesting questions. For instance, we can only wonder why an experienced spook such as Howard Hunt would have turned to Caddy to represent the burglars at their arraignment. Both Caddy and Hunt were employed by the Robert R. Mullen Company, which the CIA used as a cover – a cover that the Agency was desperate to protect. Dragging Caddy into the Watergate affair could only have served to expose that cover (as, indeed, it did). From a tradecraft point of view, this was madness and we can only wonder about Hunt’s inentions.
From a tradecraft point of view, this was madness – unless Hunt hoped that the CIA would intervene with cries of “National security!” and shut the investigation down.
Caddy is interesting, as well, for having been recruited at this time to build and run a luxury hotel in Nicaragua for the CIA. The Agency, he was told, hoped that the hotel would attract Sandinista rebels to its gaming tables. I emphasize “he was told” because the rebels were not exactly what Vegas would consider “a pod of whales.” What seems more likely is that the putative hotel would have been used as a secret hospice for the CIA- (and Robert R. Mullen-) connected billionaire Howard Hughes. In the end, the Agency’s offer to make Caddy a hotelier proved to be a non-starter. The lawyer declined the post, knowing that a mandatory CIA polygraph would “out” him.
If nothing else comes out of Merritt’s tome, the book will have been worth it for those bits alone.
Tags: Alfred Baldwin, Capt. Edmund Chung, Carl Shoffler, Charles Radford, CIA, CIA Sex Squad, COINTEL, CRIMSON ROSE, Donald Stewart, Douglas Caddy, Howard Hughes, Howard Hunt, Institute for Policy Studies, James McCord, James Reed, John Dean, Mitch Rogovin, Moorer-Radford, NSA, Operation CHAOS, Pentagon, Robert Merritt, Robert R. Mullen Company, Roy Blick, Sen. William Proxmire, Vint Hill Farm
That Deep Throat should turn out to be Mark Felt is not the most welcome news at the Washington Post. The paper would have much preferred a crypto-liberal such as Leonard Garment in the role (assuming that Adam Sandler wasn’t available). Almost anyone, in other words, would have been better than the guy responsible for supervising the FBI’s infamous COINTELPRO operations during the 1960s.
Mark Felt (August 17, 1913 – December 18, 2008). FBI photo.
As anyone who marched in the Sixties knows, these were secret and unconstitutional counterintelligence programs targeting the Left and a handful of white supremacists. As head of the FBI’s Inspection Division, it was Felt’s responsibility to maximize the effectiveness of the program in the field. Lest there be any doubt about this, it should be emphasized that Felt’s brief was not to ensure that anyone’s civil liberties were protected, or even that the law was adhered to, but to make certain that Hoover’s attack on the anti-war movement ran smoothly.
So bestowing the mantle of Deep Throat on the Toscanini of black-bag jobs must have felt like crowning Jenna Jamison “Sweetheart of the Year.” (Yes, she’s done important work, but…no.) Watergate editor Ben Bradlee and his colleagues would no doubt like the public to see this as an irony—one of those wacky things that happen in Washington all the time. But it’s not that. It’s much more.
Historically, Deep Throat has been cast as an American hero, the Nixon Administration official who came forward, however secretively, to blow the whistle on the Administration’s improprieties and crimes. By helping the Post unravel the White House cover-up, Throat and his cub-reporter buddies almost single-handedly destroyed the Wicked Warlock of the West Wing. The rest is history.
And myth.
One of the most lasting consequences of the Watergate affair has been its corrosive effect upon investigative reporting. Through its unquestioning embrace of Deep Throat, Hollywood and the press have romanticized the anonymous source and, in so doing, legitimized him. The results are there to be seen in your daily newspaper: story after story, attributed to no one in particular. “Speaking on condition of anonymity… “ “White House sources denied…” “A Pentagon official said…”
As sources disappear, the news becomes more propagandistic. Ambitious and calculating pols drop innuendos and send up trial-balloons, without ever having to take responsibility for what they’ve said. Or not said. In the playground of anonymous sources, the public is increasingly informed by creative writers like Jason Blair (formerly of the New York Times), Stephen Glass (ex-New Republic), Jack Kelly (gone from USA Today), and, ironically, Woodward’s former protégé at the Post, Janet Cooke. Not surprisingly, the public becomes increasingly skeptical.
The problem with anonymous sources is not just that they might be “composite” characters, or that they might not exist at all, but rather that the source’s motives are beyond scrutiny. So the story is necessarily incomplete.
That said, our view of the Watergate affair may now be changed by the certain knowledge of Throat’s identity. Until recently, his motives could only be inferred. And the inference was that he was a government official so outraged by the Nixon Administration’s hubris and disregard for the law that he risked all to alert the public. A real Good Guy, in other words.
That’s what Hollywood and the Post would have us think, and it is what Mark Felt’s grandchildren believe. But inasmuch as Grandpa was himself convicted of “conspiring to injure and oppress citizens of the United States” by having authorized countless black-bags job and warrantless searches at the Bureau, it seems unlikely that Felt would be traumatized by a break-in at the Democratic National Committee’s headquarters in the Watergate office building.
If I am right about that, then it’s likely Throat’s concern was as much political as it was civic.
In his June 2, 2005 article in the Post, outing his source, Woodward tells us that Felt regarded the Nixon White House as “corrupt…sinister…(a) cabal.” And, as the Post reporter makes clear, this was a view that Felt held long before to the Watergate break-in. Indeed, Woodward says, “Felt thought the Nixon team were Nazis.”
As it happens, this is exactly what I thought at the time, as did nearly every other liberal that I knew. Strange, then, to learn that this same point of view was shared by Mark Felt, a professional Red-hunter so highly placed in the FBI that only the Director, J. Edgar Hoover, outranked him.
Or maybe it’s not so strange.
A similar view of the Nixon Administration was held by James McCord, the rightwing evangelist and former CIA Security chief who led the break-in team at the Watergate. In a series of bizarre “newsletters” written after he had been arrested, McCord put forward a conspiracy theory suggesting that the Rockefeller family was lunging for control of the government’s critical national security functions, using the Council on Foreign Relations and National Security Advisor Henry Kissinger as its means to an end.
At the Pentagon, then-Chief of Naval Operations, Adm. Elmo Zumwalt, went even further. To Zumwalt, the Nixon Administration was “inimical to the security of the United States.” [Elmo R. Zumwalt, Jr., On Watch (New York: Quadrangle Books, 1976), p. xiv.] Indeed, as the admiral later explained, he eventually left the Administration because “its own officials and experts reflected Henry Kissinger’s world view: that the dynamics of history are on the side of the Soviet Union; that before long the USSR will be the only superpower on earth and…that the duty of policy-makers, therefore, is at all costs to conceal from the people their probable fate…” [Ibid.]
Egad…they’ve sold us out!
But Zumwalt, Felt and McCord were by no means alone in their suspicions of the Nixon White House. Within the Pentagon, a military spy-ring was pillaging Kissinger’s secrets on behalf of Adm. Thomas Moorer, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff since 1970.
Within the offices of the National Security Council, and on secret missions to China, Kissinger’s briefcases were rifled and his burn-bags ransacked. In all, perhaps a thousand top-secret documents were stolen and transmitted to Moorer’s office (if not elsewhere, as well) by Yeoman Charles Radford, a young Mormon acting on orders of Adm. Robert Welander.
Here, matters become a bit incestuous.
Admiral Welander was an aide to Moorer. But he was also a mentor of Lt. Bob Woodward, whose commander Welander had been aboard the USS Fox. Reportedly, it was at the urging of Welander—who had yet to be implicated in “the Moorer-Radford affair”—that Woodward extended his tour of duty in 1969, going to the Pentagon to serve as Communications Duty Officer to then-Chief of Naval Operations, Tom Moorer.
In that capacity, Woodward presided over the CNO’s code-room, reading every communication that went in and out, while acting, also, as a briefer and a courier. This, he tells us, is how he met Deep Throat, while cooling his heels outside the Situation Room in the White House. It was 1970 and, according to Woodward, Mark Felt was sitting in the chair next to him, cooling his heels.
The Moorer-Radford affair is not usually considered a part of the Watergate story, though it deserves to be. The Nixon Administration learned of the Pentagon spy-ring in late 1971, but the affair itself did not become public until nearly three years later. By then, the Watergate story was almost played out.
While president, Nixon was determined to keep the affair secret, telling Kissinger aide David Young, “If you love your country, you’ll never mention it.” But the Pentagon’s chief investigator, W. Donald Stewart, was more forthcoming. Asked how seriously the affair should be taken, Stewart replied with a rhetorical question: “Did you see that film, ‘Seven Days in May’? That’s what we were dealing with…”
The film is about a military conspiracy to topple the president. A coup d’etat, in other words.
So it is interesting to learn that Mark Felt placed Yeoman Radford under electronic surveillance long after the White House learned of his activities, and even after Radford had been transferred to a dead-end military post 3000 miles from Washington, D.C. This suggests that Felt may have been more concerned with counterintelligence issues than he was with prosecutorial ones. (Radford was never charged with a crime.)
So why did Radford do it?
Jim Hougan’s, ‘Secret Agenda’ is available at Amazon.
According to Radford, whom I interviewed many years ago, his “superiors” believed that Kissinger’s foreign policy was “catastrophic” by design. His own espionage activities, Radford insisted, were intended to defeat a conspiracy conceived by “the Rockefeller family” and orchestrated by the Council on Foreign Relations. The purpose of this supposed conspiracy, according to Radford, was to win the Soviets’ cooperation in guaranteeing the Rockefellers’ “continued domination” over the world’s currencies. In return for this, Nixon and Kissinger were to construct a foreign policy that would ensure Soviet hegemony and a one-world government. [Jim Hougan, Secret Agenda: Watergate, Deep Throat and the CIA (Random House, New York, 1984), p. 75]
From Egad, we move to Yikes! It’s almost enough to make you feel sorry for Nixon. But not quite.
It wasn’t just Donald Stewart who was worried about a Seven Days in May scenario. The CIA, was spying on the White House, as well. Enter Woodward’s second source: Robert Bennett.
Until Woodward identified Mark Felt as Deep Throat, I was of the firm opinion that the honor belonged to Bennett. This was so because it seemed to me that, at a minimum, for someone to be taken seriously as a candidate for Deep Throat, there should be some evidence that he met secretly with Woodward and fed him stories about Watergate.
Until Woodward outed Felt, the only candidate who fit the bill was Bennett.
In 1972, when Mark Felt was reading transcripts of Yeoman Radford’s conversations, Bennett was the new owner of the Robert R. Mullen Company. This was a CIA front with offices in Washington and abroad. Among Bennett’s employees was the seemingly retired CIA officer, E. Howard Hunt. Politically hyper-active during the Nixon Administration, Bennett was also the Washington representative of the Howard Hughes organization (which was just entering negotiations with the CIA over plans to recover a sunken Soviet submarine from the Pacific Ocean’s floor). It was Bennett who suggested that Hunt might want to interview ITT lobbyist Dita Beard, and it was Bennett who volunteered his own nephew to work as an infiltrator at the DNC. One might go on with Bennett’s contributions to the Watergate affair, but the point is made: Bennett was an extremely well-placed source, if not a co-conspirator.
Today, Senator Bennett is a Mormon elder and one of the richest men in Congress. That he was also a key source of Bob Woodward’s during the Watergate affair is memorialized in a Memorandum to the Record written by Martin J. Lukoskie, Bennett’s CIA case-officer in 1972 . [The memo was first published in the so-called “Nedzi Hearings” of the House Armed Services Committee’s “Inquiry into the Alleged Involvement of the Central Intelligence Agency in the Watergate and Ellsberg Matters,” which began May 11, 1973. See, also, Secret Agenda, pages 329-31.] According to Lukoskie, Bennett “established a ‘backdoor entry’ to the Edward Bennett Williams law firm which is representing the Democratic Party (and the Washington Post )…” Bennett’s job was to “kill off any revelation” about the Mullen Company’s relationship to the CIA. A second part of his brief was to dissuade reporters from pursuing a ‘Seven Days in May’ scenario” that would have implicated the CIA in a conspiracy to “take over the country.”
Sounds like Bennett should to have had a word with Donald Stewart, as well.
The relationship between Bennett and the Post was subsequently clarified by Lukoskie’s CIA boss, Eric Eisenstadt. In a memo to the Deputy Director of Plans, Eisenstadt wrote that Bennett “has been feeding stories to Bob Woodward of the Washington Post with the understanding that there be no attribution to Bennett. Woodward is suitably grateful for the fine stories and by-lines he gets and protects Bennett (and the Mullen Company).” [The memo is dated March 1, 1973.]
Hmmnnnn…
It’s enough to make you wonder, though not, apparently, enough to make the press wonder. But this is what the Deep Throat mystery is all about. It’s not just a parlor game to canonize yet another celebrity. Rather, it’s a question of deciding whether or not the Post’s coverage was manipulated by a cabal of spooks who were working to destroy an unpopular president.
This is, of course, a conspiratorial point of view. Most of the press has embraced Mark Felt as the celebrity de jour and, toward that end, the only motive they impute to his behavior is a love of country. And that is what’s likely to be taught in the schools.
More objective observers, however, will point to the fact that FBI Director Hoover died a few weeks before the Watergate break-ins, and will suggest that his second-in-command, Mark Felt, went after the Nixon Administration because he was disappointed at not being named to take Hoover’s place.
That’s possible, of course, but even if Felt didn’t get to be Director, he got the next best thing. That is to say, he got the files. Within hours of Hoover’s death, Felt took charge of Hoover’s Official and Confidential files—including one that was headed “Black-Bag Jobs.” The fate of other files in Hoover’s executive suite, including the Director’s Personal and Confidential files and the so-called “Do Not File” files, remains a mystery. [For details, see Inquiry into The Destruction of Former FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover’s Files and FBI Record-keeping, Hearings before the Government Information and Individual Rights Subcommittee of the House Committee on Government Operations, 94th Congress, 1st session, Dec. 1, 1975. ]
Now that we know that Mark Felt is Deep Throat, it would be grand to ask him about the Director’s missing files, his view of Yeoman Radford’s spying, and his reasons for going to the press, rather than to the Justice Department, with his concerns about Watergate. It’s clear, however, that his family has no intention of making the old man available. He is, after all, 91-years-old and not entirely well.
My guess, however, is that if Felt were asked about these issues, he would take a more conspiratorial view of them than most. What makes me think so is Woodward’s account of a meeting he had with Throat, shortly before the Watergate hearings began in the Senate. According to Woodward, Throat Felt told him:
Everyone’s life is in danger…
(E)lectronic surveillance is going on and we had better watch it.
Who’s responsible?
C-I-A… ”[Carl Bernstein and Bob Woodward, All the President’s Men (Simon and Schuster, New York, 1974), p. 317.]
Now, there’s a story! But curiously, it never appeared in the Post.
Tags: "Seven Days in May", Adm. Elmo Zumwalt, Adm. Thomas Moorer, Ben Bradlee, CIA, COINTEL, David Young, Deep Throat, Eric Eisenstadt, FBI, Howard Hughes, Howard Hunt, James McCord, Janet Cooke, Kissinger, Mark Felt, Martin J. Lukoskie, Moorer-Radford, Robert Bennett, Robert R. Mullen Co., Rockefeller, USS Fox, Washington Post, Yeoman Radford
Nearly 30 years after the Watergate arrests, an astonishing editorial appeared in the Washington Post, attacking a Baltimore jury for having the temerity to think for itself. While the Post did not urge that the guilty parties should be burned at the stake, it was clear from the newspaper’s tenor that a bonfire would not be entirely out of order.
At issue was the jury’s 7-2 decision in a defamation case brought by a woman named Ida “Maxie” Wells. Instigated by John Dean’s attorneys in a related matter, the suit accused former White House spy G. Gordon Liddy of slandering Wells during the Q-and-A portion of a speech he’d given at James Madison University. In the judgment of the jurors, Liddy’s revisionist view of the Watergate break-in, substantially informed by a book that I’d written, was sufficiently plausible as to deserve the protections given to free speech. The judge agreed with the jury’s decision, dismissing the suit with the assertion that “no ‘reasonable jury’ could have found in favor of the plaintiff,” Maxie Wells.[Civil Case No. JFM-97-946, “Memorandum” by District Judge J. Frederick Motz, March 19, 2001, U.S. District Court for the District of Maryland.]Aghast at the decision, the Post thundered that:
Courts are a capricious venue for arguments about history [The editorial appeared in the Post on Feb. 4, 2001.]. Sometimes, as when a British court last year resoundingly rejected the Holocaust denial of “historian” David Irving, litigation can help protect established history from those who would maliciously rewrite it. But conspiracy theorizing generally is better addressed in the public arena by rigorous confrontation with facts. That’s true both out of respect for freedom of speech—even wrong-headed speech—and because historical truth does not always fare so well in court. A jury in Tennessee in 1999 embraced the looniest of conspiracy theories concerning the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. And this week, in a federal court in Baltimore, the commonly understood and well-founded history of the Watergate scandal took a hit as well.
The forum was the defamation case of G. Gordon Liddy… Mr. Liddy has argued that the burglary was not an attempt to collect political intelligence on President Nixon’s enemies, but an effort masterminded by then-White House counsel John Dean to steal pictures of prostitutes—including Mr. Dean’s then-girlfriend and current wife—from the desk of a secretary at the Democratic headquarters. The secretary…is now a community college teacher in Louisiana and was understandably offended by the implication that she was somehow involved in a call-girl ring. She sued Mr. Liddy, and the battle has dragged on for four years.
The jury failed to reach a unanimous verdict, but it split overwhelmingly in favor of Mr. Liddy; the majority of jurors felt that Ms. Wells’s lawyers had failed to prove his theory wrong. They found this in spite of the fact that Mr. Liddy relies, for his theory, on a disbarred attorney with a history of mental illness. The call-girl theory “is possible,” one juror (said)… “It sure makes me more curious.” “We’ll never know” what happened, said another.
The danger of such outcomes as this one is that this sort of thinking spreads. For whether or not Mr. Liddy’s comments legally defamed Ms. Wells, we do know what happened at Watergate—and it had nothing to do with prostitutes.
Jim Hougan's, 'Secret Agenda' is available at Amazon.
The Post‘s alarm at “this sort of thinking” was compounded more than a year later, when the verdict was overturned on appeal. A new trial was ordered.
In Wells v. Liddy redux, Wells sought to bolster her case with the testimony of Sam Dash, chief counsel of the Senate Select Committee on Presidential Campaign Activities in 1973. [Headed by Sen. Sam Ervin, the committee was informally known as "the Watergate committee."] Having led the Senate’s investigation of the Watergate affair, Dash ought to have been an impressive witness. But under cross-examination from Liddy’s attorneys, John Williams and Kerrie Hook, Dash seemed pompous and strangely unprepared—characteristics he shared with Wells’s own attorney, David Dorsen (himself a former deputy of Dash’s). After listening to the witnesses for both sides, the jury again returned a verdict in Liddy’s behalf. This time, it was unanimous.
There were no further appeals, and no more editorials. The Post buried the story on an inside-page of the Metro section, and turned its attention to other matters.
But the “established history” of the Watergate affair had suffered a grievous blow. And this, because one jury after another did what the Post prescribed, but which the Post itself has never done in 30 years: they confronted the facts in a rigorous way.
One of the more crucial facts that the jury was asked to consider was a key that one of the arresting officers, Carl Shoffler, took from Eugenio Martinez, one of the Watergate burglars. As physical evidence obtained at the scene, it was literally “the key to the break-in.” And, as the FBI determined, it unlocked the desk of Maxie Wells.
James McCord mug shot
The issue—why did they pick the DNC as a target?—has been debated for decades, though one might not know it by reading the Washington Post. Most accounts of the affair suppose that the break-ins (burglars gained access to the DNC on two occasions, once at the end of May, and again on June 17th) were mounted to obtain “political intelligence.” James McCord, the former CIA officer who led “the Cubans” into the Watergate office building, told the Senate that DNC Chairman Larry O’Brien was the target. That’s why he, McCord installed a room-bug in O’Brien’s office. At least, that’s what McCord said.
But Howard Hunt and his Cuban cohort offered an entirely different reason for the break-in. According to them, they were sent into the DNC to find evidence of illegal campaign contributions from Fidel Castro.
In reality, neither explanation is supported by the evidence. If the burglars were looking for financial data, they certainly chose some strange places to search. DNC Treasurer Robert Strauss’s office was untouched, as were the offices of the DNC’s Comptroller. As for the bug in Larry O’Brien’s office, none was ever found—despite repeated and rather desperate searches by the FBI and the telephone company.
Not that the bug would have worked, in any case. O’Brien’s office was part of an interior suite at the DNC and, as such, it was shielded from McCord’s “listening post” in the motel across the street from the Watergate. Moreover, and as Liddy himself pointed out, the supposed subject of the surveillance – Larry O’Brien – wasn’t even in Washington. Nor was he expected to return anytime soon. More than a month before the break-in, the DNC’s chairman had moved to Florida, where the Democratic Convention was to be held.
Not that anyone cared. In 1973, the burglars’ motives weren’t of much interest to anyone. They’d pleaded guilty, and their trial was over. The story had moved on. Now, the task of the Senate Watergate Committee was to establish responsibility for the break-ins, and to deconstruct the cover-up. Or to put it another way, with the burglars convicted, it was now time to put the Administration on trial. Accordingly, the Committee’s attention was focused on higher-ups in the Nixon White House and, in particular, the Oval Office. Everything else – like the purpose of the break-in – was made to seem irrelevant.
Things might have been different, of course, had Maxie Wells been more candid in her executive session testimony before the Watergate committee. Instead, she neglected to mention that the FBI had questioned her about the key to her desk, and the circumstances under which the key had been found. According to Howard Liebengood, who served as the committee’s minority counsel, the Committee’s investigation might have taken a dramatic turn if the Committee had he learned of the key’s existence, and of Wells’s interview with the FBI.
But it did not.[The Watergate Committee lacked direct access to the FBI's investigative files, and so knew nothing about such topics as the key to Maxie Wells's desk or the Bureau's inability to find any bugging devices inside the DNC. The exception to this was the single day that Sam Dash was permitted to look at the files. Years after the hearings had ended, the FBI's Watergate file was made public by this author. Using the Freedom of Information Act, I was able to obtain the release of more than 30,000 pages of investigative files, memoranda and air-tels that Senator Ervin's committee had never seen.]
The issue of the burglary’s purpose was even raised in Blind Ambition, the John Dean memoir ghost-written by the well-regarded historian, Taylor Branch. In that book, we’re told that Dean raised the issue with Charles Colson in 1974, when both of them were doing time in federal prison.
Chuck, why do you figure Liddy bugged the DNC instead of the Democratic candidates? It doesn’t make much sense. I sat in (Atty. Gen. John) Mitchell’s office when Liddy gave us his show, and he only mentioned Larry O’Brien in passing as a target…’
“It looks suspicious to me,’” Dean continues. “‘(I)t’s incredible. Millions of dollars have been spent investigating Watergate. A President has been forced out of office. Dozens of lives have been ruined. We’re sitting in the can. And still nobody can explain why they bugged the place to begin with. [John Dean, Blind Ambition, Simon & Schuster (1976), pp. 388-91.]
Though Dean subsequently repudiated his own memoir, [Blind Ambition was written in 1975, while Gordon Liddy was in prison, refusing to talk about Watergate. When Liddy published his own memoir, and when other books began to appear, Dean's inconsistencies and "errors" became as glaring as they were numerous. Accordingly, Dean dismissed the book he had once embraced with pride, claiming that he hadn't actually read it before it was published, while insisting that much of the book was "made up out of whole cloth by Taylor Branch." A Pulitzer Prize-winner, Branch calls the allegation a lie.] the anecdote makes a good point. The Watergate affair can only remain a mystery so long as its purpose remains hidden.
Eugenio Martinez mug shot
Fortunately, we know today what the Senate Watergate Committee did not: that Detective Shoffler wrested the key from one of the burglars. (According to Shoffler, Eugenio Martinez was so determined that the key should not be found, he attempted to get rid of it and may even have tried to swallow it.) As much as a confession, that key is prima facie evidence of the break-in’s purpose. Clearly, the burglars were after the contents of whatever it was that the key unlocked.
The FBI seems to have understood this because the Bureau’s agents went from office to office after the arrests, trying the key on every desk until they found the one that it fit. This was Maxie Wells’s desk, and Shoffler, for one, wasn’t surprised. When he took the key from Martinez, Shoffler said, photographic equipment was clamped to the top of that same desk.
But what was in it? What did the burglars hope to find?
It was precisely this question that was so embarrassing to Wells. In her suit against Liddy, she sought to suppress discussion of the key because, she insisted, it unfairly implicated her in allegations about a call-girl ring.
A call-girl ring?
Well, yes. Although the Post prefers to ignore any and all evidence on the matter, links between call-girls and the DNC—and, therefore, between call-girls and the Watergate affair—have been rumored or alleged for years. The connection first surfaced in a book by a Pulitzer prize-winning New York Times reporter, J. Anthony Lukas. According to Lukas, secretaries at the DNC used a telephone in the office of Wells’s boss, Spencer Oliver, Jr., to make private calls. They did this because Oliver’s office was often empty—he traveled a lot—and his telephone was thought to be among the most private in the Democrats’ headquarters.[J. Anthony Lukas, Nightmare, Viking (1976), p. 201.] (In fact, Oliver had two phones, one of which was a private line that did not go through the DNC switchboard.)
“They would say, ‘We can talk; I’m on Spencer Oliver’s phone,’” Lukas wrote. Quoting Alfred Baldwin, who eavesdropped on these conversations at the direction of James McCord, Lukas reported that “Some of the conversations were ‘explicitly intimate.’” Baldwin was even more specific in a deposition that he later gave. According to the former FBI agent, many of the telephone conversations involved dinner arrangements with “sex to follow.” And while he never heard “prices” being discussed, Baldwin testified, he guessed that “eight out of ten” people would have thought the calls involved prostitution.
But he himself did not. As former FBI agent, Baldwin knew that for prostitution to occur, there has to be a promise of money. But money was never discussed, he said, or at least not in his hearing. And since McCord told him that he was eavesdropping on telephone conversations emanating from the DNC, Baldwin assumed that the women must be amateurs. As incredible as it seems, it did not occur to him that McCord might have lied to him about the bug’s location. To Baldwin, it was entirely plausible, or at least possible, that one secretary after another would go to a private telephone to engage her boyfriend in a conversation that was “extremely personal, intimate, and potentially embarrassing.”[Nomination of Earl J. Silbert to be United States Attorney, Hearings before the Senate Committee on the Judiciary, 93d Cong., 2d sess., Part I, April-May, 1974, p. 52.] The more sophisticated Anthony Lukas was skeptical of the idea. As he reported, “So spicy were some of the conversations on the phone that they have given rise to unconfirmed reports that the telephone was being used for some sort of call-girl service catering to congressmen and other prominent Washingtonians.” [Lukas, Nightmare, p. 201.]
The same rumors were overheard by others, including the DNC’s Robert Strauss. In a 1996 deposition, Strauss testified that he recalled stories about “some of the state chairmen (who) would come into (Oliver’s) office and use the phone to make dates…” Strauss added that “in connection with the use of the telephones, some of the calls…could have been embarrassing to some of the people who made them.”
The DNC’s Treasurer was even more specific in an interview with Fox News correspondent, James Rosen. As Rosen has testified, Strauss told him that “Democrats in from out of town for a night would want to be entertained… ‘It wasn’t any organized thing, ‘but I could have made the call, that lady could have made the call’—the reference was to Maxie Wells—’and these people were willing to pay for sex.’ Those were his exact words.”[Testimony of Rosen in the first Wells v. Liddy trial.]
In an interview with Liddy’s attorneys, DNC secretary Barbara Kennedy Rhoden acknowledged that she, too, overheard such rumors. Asked if Rhoden had said “it was likely that Spencer Oliver and Maxie Wells were running a call-girl operation,” Rhoden replied: “I might have said that…” But, she added, “I have no knowledge that they were.”[Testimony of Barbara Kennedy Rhoden in the first Wells v. Liddy trial.]
That a relationship may have existed between a call-girl service and the DNC was dissed and dismissed by Wells and her attorneys, and by Spencer Oliver and his attorneys—just as it was by the Washington Post. According to them, the only evidence of such a relationship was the testimony of Phillip Bailley, a disbarred lawyer with a history of mental illness.
But that wasn’t true. One man who knew a lot about the relationship between call-girls and the DNC was a private-eye named Lou Russell. A former FBI agent, Russell had gone on to become chief investigator for the House Committee on Un-American Activities. That was in the early 1950s. Fired for soliciting “loans” from witnesses, he had turned into a hard-drinking private-eye—a noirish tough-guy who knew a lot about electronic eavesdropping. And even more about whores.
In the months leading up to the Watergate break-ins, Russell was working for James McCord, and moonlighting for the late Bud Fensterwald, a Washington lawyer who’d founded the Committee to Investigate Assassinations. In the evenings, Russell hung out with call-girls at the Columbia Plaza Apartments, barely a block from the Watergate. And according to Fensterwald and two of his employees, Russell told them he was tape-recording telephone conversations between the prostitutes and their clients at the DNC. The women didn’t mind, and the taping was a source of amusement to Russell, who seems to have regaled anyone who’d listen with anecdotes about the calls.[Jim Hougan, Secret Agenda: Watergate, Deep Throat and the CIA (Random House, 1984), p. 118.]
Not that Democrats were the only ones to avail themselves of the pleasures to be taken at the Columbia Plaza. Nixon biographer Anthony Summers quotes a longtime Nixon aide who said that Nick Ruwe, then Deputy Chief of the Office of Protocol, “was always using those call girls at the place next to the DNC.”[The Office of Protocol makes arrangements for White House social events, and for the visits of foreign dignitaries to the nation's capital.] Ron Walker, Nixon’s top advance man, was a second source. According to Walker, he knew of the brothel next to the DNC because “I had colleagues that used call girl rings.”[Anthony Summers, The Arrogance of Power (Viking, 2000), p. 422.]
In April, 1972 the seamy side of Washington was rocked when FBI agents raided the office and home of the Phil Bailley, a Washington defense attorney whose clientele included prostitutes. Coded address-books, photographs and sexual paraphernalia were seized, and what began as a simple violation of the Mann Act, became a grand jury investigation with ramifications throughout the capital.
Asst. U.S. Atty. John Rudy was placed in charge of the investigation. Soon, Rudy found himself looking into the Columbia Plaza call-girl ring and its connections to the DNC—where a secretary was said to have “arranged for liaisons.”
Watergate Complex
It was at about this time that Lou Russell appeared in Rudy’s office. According to Rudy, Russell tried to divert his attention from the Columbia Plaza to another operatioon that serviced lawyers and judges on the other side of town.
But it didn’t work. On June 9th, Bailley was indicted on 22 felony counts, including charges of blackmail, racketeering, procuring and pandering. That same afternoon, the Washington Star published a front-page story, headlined “Capitol Hill Call-Girl Ring.” According to the article:
The FBI here has uncovered a high-priced call girl ring allegedly headed by a Washington attorney and staffed by secretaries and office workers from Capitol Hill and involving at least one White House secretary, sources said today.
The article did not go unnoticed on Pennsylvania Avenue. Within an hour of its publication, Bailley’s prosecutor received a telephone call from the President’s counsel John Dean, ordering him to the White House. “He wanted me to bring ‘all’ the evidence but, mostly, what I brought were Bailley’s address books,” Rudy recalled. “Dean said he wanted to check the names of the people involved, to see if any of them worked for the President.”[Hougan, pp. 172-3.]
It was, after all, a presidential election year, and the names in Bailley’s address-books included the secretaries and wives of some of Washington’s most prominent men—as well as the names of the johns they serviced.
At first, Dean wanted Rudy to leave the address-books with him, but Rudy demurred, pointing out that the books were evidence. As a compromise, Dean’s secretary was permitted to copy the books, while Rudy and Dean discussed the case. When the secretary returned, Dean went through the copies page by page, circling names with a Parker pen. [Ibid.]
It wasn’t the first time that Dean had shown an interest in such matters. Months before, he’d dispatched a White House investigator to New York to look into a call-girl ring run by a madame named Xaviera Hollander.[Hollander subsequently wrote a book with Robin Moore, The Happy Hooker.]Like the Bailley case, the Hollander investigation was generating headlines. One, in the New York Times, blared:
POSSIBLE BLACKMAIL OF NIXON OFFICIALS CHECKED HERE
The story began:
At least two high-ranking officials in the Nixon administration are among the people the Manhattan District Attorney’s Office intends to question about the possibility that they were blackmailed because of their association with an East Side brothel.
Dean’s meeting with John Rudy occurred on a Friday. On the following Monday, Jeb Magruder summoned Liddy to his office, and told him that he had to break into the DNC a second time. The bugging device that James McCord had supposedly placed on Larry O’Brien’s telephone had yet to work, and a second bug (apparently the one being monitored by Alfred Baldwin) was generating little or nothing of political value.
Magruder told Liddy that he wanted the bug in O’Brien’s office repaired, and even more importantly, he wanted to know if O’Brien was sitting on information that could damage the Nixon re-election campaign. It wasn’t put in so many words, but that was Liddy’s understanding of the brief that he’d been given.
If the purpose of the break-in was somewhat vague, the provenance of the order was even more so. Since Magruder was Mitchell’s deputy, Liddy assumed that he was conveying an order from Mitchell. But Mitchell always denied that, and Magruder—himself convicted of perjury—has given conflicting accounts. At first, young Jeb claimed that Liddy had acted on his own. [John Ehrlichman, Witness to Power, Simon & Schuster (1982), p. 380.] Later, he insisted that the order was Mitchell’s. More recently, he told an interviewer (on tape) that it was none other than John Dean who ordered the break-in. [This was said to Len Colodny, co-author (with Robert Gettlin) of Silent Coup, St. Martin's Press (1991), p. 148.]
Whatever its purpose, the burglary took place in the early morning hours of June 17th. McCord and four of his accomplices had not been inside the DNC for more than a few minutes, when the police arrested them. Baldwin watched the arrests unfold from his seventh floor aerie in the motel across the street, while Hunt and Liddy packed their bags and fled from the Watergate Hotel.
In the weeks that followed, John Rudy had second thoughts. After the Watergate arrests, his investigation of a link between the Columbia Plaza call-girl ring and the DNC might appear to be politically-motivated. Worried about that perception, he asked his boss, U.S. Atty. Harold Titus, what he should do. And the advice came back: Chill it (sic).
And so he did.
Bailley was remanded to St. Elizabeth’s Hospital to undergo psychiatric tests. This was an unwelcome and surprising development, inasmuch as he had been practicing law before that same court only a few weeks earlier. Eventually, he was certified sane, and encouraged to plead guilty to a single felony. When he did, he was bundled off to a federal prison in Connecticut where, ironically, he served on the Inmates Committee with Howard Hunt and other Watergaters. The case-file, thick with interviews and evidence, was sealed and, soon afterwards, it became “lost.”
Which was unfortunate because, a few doors down the hall, others in the U.S. Attorney’s office were putting together a case in which sexual blackmail was said to be the central motive in the Watergate break-in. Asst. U.S. Atty. Earl Silbert was convinced that “Hunt was trying to blackmail Spencer (Oliver).” [Op cit., Nomination of Earl J. Silbert to be United States Attorney, p. 52.] The same point was made by Charles Morgan, who represented Wells and Oliver at the burglars’ trial in early 1973. Determined to block any testimony about the contents of the conversations that Baldwin overheard, Morgan said Silbert told him over lunch in December, 1972, that “Hunt was trying to blackmail Spencer, and I’m going to prove it.” ["A Report to the Special Prosecutor on Certain Aspects of the Watergate Affair, June 18, 1973 (published in Hearings before the Senate Committee on the Judiciary [concerning Earl J. Silbert's nomination to be United States Attorney], 93d Cong., 2d sess., Part I, April-May, 1974, pp. 42, 53).] Morgan was skeptical. Taking a page (or at least a metaphor) from John Dean’s book, Morgan railed that “Mr. Silbert’s blackmail motive had been woven from whole cloth.” [Ibid., p. 42.] Accordingly, he asked the court to bar any testimony about the conversations Baldwin overheard.
The court complied.
But what of Bailley? When I interviewed him in the early 1980s, he seemed normal enough: well-dressed, articulate and intelligent, if bitter about the events that led to his downfall. In particular, he was curious to know what I knew about Watergate and how it related to him. I insisted he “go first,” and so he did.
Bailley told me that he was having an affair with a call-girl at the Columbia Plaza Apartments, a woman who used the alias “Cathy Dieter.” She prevailed upon him to establish a liaison arrangement with the DNC. A hard-partying young Dem who knew a number of workers at the DNC, Bailley told me that one of his acquaintances was a secretary in Spencer Oliver’s office. With the her help, he said, the liaison arrangement was established. Here’s how it worked:
According to Bailley, if a visitor to the DNC wanted companionship for the evening, the secretary would show him a photograph or photographs that she kept in her desk. If the man was interested, Bailley continued, he’d be sent into Spencer Oliver’s office to await a telephone call. When the phone rang for the first time, he was not to answer it. A minute later, it would ring again and, on this occasion, he was to answer it. The caller would be the woman (or one of the women) whose picture the visitor had just seen. Knowing that the woman was a call-girl, the visitor would make whatever arrangements he pleased.
As I testified in the Wells v Liddy trial, Bailley told me that the secretary was Maxie Wells. Ms. Wells denies that, just as she denies keeping pictures of call-girls in her desk.
But what about “Cathy Dieter”? Who was she? According to Gordon Liddy, Dieter’s real name was Heidi Rikan. Liddy testified that he learned this from a seemingly authoritative source: Walter “Buster” Riggin, a sometime pimp and associate of Joe Nesline, himself an organized crime figure in the Washington area.
Formerly a stripper at a seedy Washington nightclub called the Blue Mirror, the late Erica “Heidi” Rikan was a friend of Nesline’s and, more to the point, of John Dean and his then-fiancee, later wife, Maureen. Indeed, Rikan’s photograph appears in the memoir that “Mo” wrote about Watergate.[Maureen Dean (with Hays Gorey) Mo: A Woman's View of Watergate, Simon & Schuster (1975).]
While admitting their friendship with Rikan, the Deans deny that she ran a call-girl ring, or that she used “Cathy Dieter” as an alias. Beyond Buster Riggin’s assertion to Liddy, evidence on the issue is slim or ambiguous. One writer who attempted to verify the identification is Anthony Summers. As the Irish investigative reporter wrote in his massive biography of President Nixon:
Before her death in 1990, Rikan said in a conversation with her maid that she had once been a call girl. Explaining that a call girl was ‘a lady that meets men, and men pay them’—the maid had grown up in the country and knew nothing of big-city sins—she added, tantalizingly: ‘I was a call girl at the White House.”[Summers, p. 422.]
This would appear to confirm assertions that Rikan was a prostitute. But Summers undercuts the confirmation by reporting in that same book—strangely, and in a footnote—that he “found no evidence” of Rikan working as a call-girl. [Summers, p. 530.]
In the litigation with John Dean and Maxie Wells, Liddy took the position that a secret agenda was at work in the break-ins, and that this agenda was unknown to him at the time that the break-ins occurred. Here’s how the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals summarized the issue:
Liddy stated that the burglars’ objective during the Watergate break-in was to determine whether the Democrats possessed information embarrassing to John Dean. More specifically, Liddy asserted that the burglars were seeking a compromising photograph of Dean’s fiance that was located in Wells’s desk among several photographs that were used to offer prostitution services to out-of-town guests.[Ida Maxwell Wells v. G. Gordon Liddy, No. 98-1962, U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit, decided July 28, 1999.]
Dean and his wife challenged Liddy’s account, which was first reported in Silent Coup—whose authors (among many others) the Deans sued.[Dean brought suit against Liddy, St. Martin's Press, Len Colodney, Robert Gettlin, myself and more than 100 others, charging a conspiracy to defame him and his wife. In particular, the Deans accused the defendants of malice for suggesting that he was "guilty of criminal conduct in planning, aiding, abetting and directing the Watergate break-ins, and gave perjured testimony...with catastrophic consequences to alleged innocent persons, was a traitor to his nation as was Benedict Arnold, and that all...historical writings by John Dean...have been and are a self serving, ongoing historical fraud." After years of legal wrangling, the case was settled out of court among the Deans, the authors and their publisher. Terms of the settlement have not been disclosed. Both sides claimed victory. (This writer was dismissed from the case soon after it was filed.) For his part, Liddy refused to back down, wishing to take the case to court so that he could get Dean on the witness-stand. In that, Liddy was unsuccessful. The case against him was dismissed.]While this writer does not find John Dean’s account of his own role in the affair to be credible, neither does he think it likely that anyone would break into the DNC to retrieve a picture of someone’s girlfriend, assuming that such a picture existed and that it was somehow “compromising.” What would—what could—anyone do with such a photograph?
One question leads to another. If the instigator of the break-in (whether Dean, Magruder or someone else) was not after pictures in Maxie Wells’s desk, what was he after? The matter is necessarily speculative, but it seems useful to point out that men who make dates with call-girls seldom use their real names. Instead, they use handles like “Candyman,” or resort to aliases like “George Washington.” (One john at the Columbia Plaza—almost certainly a Democrat—used “Richard Nixon” as a nom de guerre.)[A copy of a trick-book from one of the call-girl operations at the Columbia Plaza was given to this writer by Detective Shoffler.] For that reason, the only person in a position to know who was dating whom was the person facilitating the liaisons. Whether that person kept a record of such contacts is unknown. But the instigator of the break-in may have suspected that she did. It seems reasonable, then, to suppose that the burglars may have been looking for a kind of calendar, or log, rather than a handful of dirty pictures that would be of little use to anyone.[According to Bailley, the photographs in question were in no way obscene, but were, instead, discrete pictures of attractive women---no more and no less.]
The key to Maxie Wells’s desk, therefore, is obviously central to any “rigorous consideration” of the facts pertaining to Watergate. But it isn’t the only important fact that the Washington Post and other media have done their best to ignore. A second and equally fundamental one is this: The only bugging device ever recovered from the headquarters of the DNC was a broken “toy” that the FBI believed had been planted in order that it might be found. And it was found, but not until nearly three months after the Watergate arrests, and not until Alfred Baldwin had gone public with his testimony about eavesdropping on the DNC.
But what did it all mean? Did James McCord lie about bugging Larry O’Brien and Spencer Oliver? And if he did, why did he? And if Alfred Baldwin wasn’t listening to telephone conversations being broadcast by a transmitter inside the DNC, what was he listening to?
These were the questions on Earl Silbert’s lips as he prepared his case against the burglars in the Summer of 1972. They were questions of which the public knew nothing. In secret correspondence with the Justice Department and the FBI, Silbert railed against the Bureau’s inability to locate a listening device inside the DNC. The Bureau replied, coolly, that while it recognized the difficulties this presented for Silbert’s case, it was a matter of fact. The DNC was clean.
Because the burglars ultimately pleaded guilty, obviating a need for a trial at which the evidence would be presented and contested, the discrepancy never came to the public’s attention. Indeed, Wells’s own attorney (who had also represented Dean) seemed stunned by the information when it came out on cross-examination in Liddy’s trial. If this was true, David Dorsen asked, what did it mean? Who, then, was bugged?
From the witness-stand, I suggested that there were only two possibilities: either the bugs were removed from the DNC prior to the break-in on June 17—or Baldwin was listening to telephone conversations emanating from a bugging device at another location.
Another location? what location? Dorsen wondered.
The most likely place, I replied, was the call-girls’ apartment in the Columbia Plaza, a block from the Watergate and in line-of-sight of Baldwin’s motel room.
This testimony was so discombobulating to Wells’s attorney that we did not get into the question of McCord’s motives. Why would the veteran CIA agent lie about bugging Oliver and O’Brien?
It is an interesting and important question, but it was not one that the jury was obliged to answer. Neither was it asked to decide if Liddy (or I) are correct in our belief that John Dean ordered the June 17 break-in because, we suspect, he’d learned of the relationship between the Columbia Plaza call-girl ring and the DNC. Instead, the jury was asked to decide if these issues, and their corollaries, are sufficiently plausible that fair-minded people can disagree about them. So, too, with Wells. Was she involved in facilitating arrangements between visitors to the DNC and call-girls at the Columbia Plaza, as Phil Bailley claimed? The evidence persuades me that she was but, once again, it is a matter of opinion. In ruling for Liddy, the courts did not decide that the “alternative theory” of Watergate (as articulated by Hougan and Liddy) is correct. Rather, they seem to be saying that the received version of the Watergate affair, as promulgated by John Dean and the Washington Post, is open to question, and that there is enough evidence in support of the alternative theory that it can (and perhaps should) be freely discussed.
The real issue, which in the end may be even more important than the who-shot-who of Watergate, concerns the arrogance of media such as the Washington Post, which pretend to an infallibility they do not have. For decades, the Post and its cousins have refused to tolerate (much less undertake) a re-examination of the Watergate affair—or any other major story in which they may be said to have a stake.
Watergate, after all, was journalism’s finest hour. Courageous editors and intrepid young reporters risked everything in a brave effort to save America from a White House ruled by Sauron and the hordes of Mordor. To question the received version of the story is, therefore, a kind of heresy. And so the Post becomes the Inquisition, labeling its critics “conspiracy theorists” while warning the public against the “danger” of such thinking. Clearly, the Post would rather its readers let the newspaper do their thinking for them.
If there wasn’t so much blood on the floor, it would be funny.
Tags: call-girl ring, Carl Shoffler, Eugenio Martinez, G. Gordon Liddy, Heidi Rikan, Howard Hunt, James McCord, John Dean, John Mitchell, Lou Russell, Maxie Wells, Nixon, Spencer Oliver Jr., Watergate, Wells v. Liddy
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Alice Funk
Services for Alice Ruby (Goerzen) Funk, who died July 17 at Bethesda Home in Goessel, will be 10:30 a.m. Friday at Tabor Mennonite Church, rural Newton.
Visitation will be 6:30 to 8 p.m. Thursday at the church.
Born April 20, 1927, to Jake and Sarah Goerzen, she grew up on a farm near Goessel and graduated from Goessel High School in 1946.
Baptized at the church, she sang in the choir, taught Sunday school, was active in its women’s group, and was employed as church custodian for 25 years.
She married LeRoy Funk on March 16, 1948, at the church. They farmed south of Goessel before moving to town after retirement.
Survivors include her husband and six children, Sharon Adrian and Denise Nickle of Goessel, Barb Banman and Darwin Funk of rural Canton, Gayle Funk of rural Newton, and Wendy Schrag of Newton; 17 grandchildren; and 33 great-grandchildren.
Brothers, Alvin, Milton, and Willis Goerzen preceded her in death.
Memorials have been established with the church and Bethesda Home.
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GVR Archive
What Is Missiology? (Gailyn Van Rheenen)
Gailyn Van Rheenen 03/15/2019
Tags: GVR missiology?
Missions and the discipline of missiology are important because without missions there is no church. When missions goes into decline, so does the church. Missions is the lifeblood of the church.
The focus of missiology as a discipline is to equip disciples who walk with Jesus and who equip others to reflect the life and teaching of Jesus in maturing, faithful, reproducing communities of faith. As such, missiology entails five interactive disciplines as illustrated in “The Missional Helix.”1
Too frequently missiology is considered a pragmatic discipline developed around strategy. Missiology began to reflect the pragmatics of culture: church planting in the West, for example, often resembled starting a business with methodologies of attraction rather than making disciples who make disciples who make even more disciples. Over time, some churches increasingly reflect the world—with a business structure of full-time people administrating an organization—rather than a community of people on mission with God.
Missiology as a discipline and practice of life, however, is much deeper and more transformative. In the Missional Helix, the discipline reflects as least five interrelated elements: theological reflection (TR), cultural analysis (CA), historical perspective (HP), strategies formation (SF), and spiritual formation. In this helix, ministry formation is like a spiral. The coils turn round and round, passing through the same landmarks, but always at a slightly higher level. This spiral, a helix, is descriptive of a process of effective missionary ministry. Effective missionaries are sensitive to all five elements in their teaching and imitative practice.
The spiral begins with theologies, such as the missio Dei, the kingdom of God, incarnation, and atonement—rooted in the narrative of the biblical text—which focus and form our perspectives of culture and practices of ministry. Cultural analysis enables missionaries and ministers to define types of peoples within cultural contexts—to understand the social construction of their reality, to perceive how they are socially related to one another, and to explain how the Christian message intersects with every aspect of culture (birth rites, coming of age rituals, weddings, funerals, and so on). The spiral proceeds to consider what has occurred historically in the missional context. Historical perspective narrates how things got to be as they are based upon the interrelated stories of the particular nation, tribe, lineage, neighborhood, the church, and God’s mission. Strategy formation helps shape the practical methodology of ministry. These contextual strategies draw deeply from cultural and historical understandings to theologically discern what God is saying about the practice of ministry and develop actual practices to implement them. Finally, this shaping of ministry takes place within the environment of spiritual formation as Christian servants humbly submit their lives to a covenant relationship with God as Father and enthrone Christ as their King as people of his kingdom.
The Relationship between the Five Elements of Ministry Formation
The missional helix is a spiral because the missionary returns time and time again to reflect theologically, culturally, historically, and strategically under the guiding hand of God to develop ministry models appropriate to the local context. Theology, social understandings, history of missions, and strategy all work together and interpenetrate each other. Thus praxis impacts theology, which in turn shapes the practice of ministry.
In this diagram, the broken line between the four internal elements of strategy formation demonstrates how each interacts with the others. In this process God is shaping who Christian leaders are and what they do within an environment of spiritual formation as they humbly and prayerfully submit to God as Father and to each other.
The diagram is a helix because theology, history, culture, and the practice of ministry build on one another as the community of faith collectively develops understandings and a vision of God’s will within their cultural context. Like a spring, the spiral grows to new heights as ministry understandings and experiences develop. Ideally the missionary is always learning, always spiraling, to a new level of understanding and competence.
The Components of the Missional Helix
Each of these four internal elements of the missional helix (theology, history, culture, and strategy) is essential in reflecting on and planning for Christian ministry.
Theological Reflection
Theological reflection is the beginning point for ministry formation and the most significant element within the internal structure of the spiral. All missiological decisions must be rooted both implicitly and explicitly in biblical theology in order to mirror the purposes and mind of God.
Too many missionaries, while acknowledging the Bible as the Word of God, allow culture rather than Scripture to shape their core understandings of the church. The Bible is used to proof-text practice rather than to define her essence. Without a biblically-rooted ecclesiology, the teachings and practices of the church are likely to be shaped either implicitly by the dominant evangelical culture or explicitly by random surveys to ascertain what people want. A biblical understanding of the nature of the church, consequently, enables missionaries to plant and nurture churches that are rooted in the mission of God rather than presuppositions of popular culture. As expressed earlier, the entrepreneurial spirit of North America induces church planters to begin churches that are organized and managed like a business rather than a community formed by the Lordship of Christ.
The missional helix proposes that missionaries use Scripture to form a biblical understanding of the church. Missionaries and ministers are, therefore, theological meaning makers. To be a missionary necessitates being a theologian!
In addition to theological reflection, missionaries must undertake an in-depth worldview analysis of the local culture. Much too often, this second element of the Missional Helix is excluded. Ministers and church planters naively project their worldviews upon other contexts and interpret reality in terms of their heritage. This intellectual colonialism results in transplanted theologies, reflecting the missionaries’ heritage, rather than contextualized theologies, developed by reflecting on Scripture within the context of local languages, thought categories, and ritual patterns. Transplanted theologies are merely uprooted from one context and transferred to a new one with the expectation that the meanings will be the same in both cultures. The beginning point of theologizing in a new culture is always a thorough analysis of the culture on a worldview level. Based on these cultural understandings, trained missionaries are able to be theological brokers to those within the culture and minister alongside them in developing a local contextualized theology.
Frequently missionaries and church planters analyze bits and pieces of a culture but are unable to make a systematic cultural analysis. Or, they effectively analyze culture in broad, general terms, but are not equipped to make localized cultural analysis.
Effective missionaries, by their very nature, are practical cultural anthropologists.
Likewise, missionaries must develop ministry based upon historical perspective rather than being oblivious to what has previously occurred. Historical perspective provides many insights that guide missionaries to develop their practice of ministry. For example, the reading of history greatly aids contemporary evangelists to understand syncretism. Ancient Israel, like many people coming out of animism, was tempted to follow both God and the gods of the nations. “They bow[ed] down and [swore] by the Lord and . . . also by Molech” (Zeph 1:5). Some Modern Christians, for example, have syncretized secularism and theism by negating the Holy Spirit and demythologizing spiritual powers. Postmodern Christians have brought new syncretisms, including pervasive relativism, fascination with spiritual powers, focusing on power and neglecting truth, and interpreting emotions and intuition as the work of the Holy Spirit.
Missionaries will find it difficult to understand the nature of syncretism without historical perspective.
Because of their short national history and focus on practical inclinations, many North Americans sense the future without understanding the past. Samuel Escobar believes that North American missiologists tend to negate theory and historical background. In other words, they look at missions as a management task necessitating “a task-oriented sequence of steps to be followed in order to achieve” specified goals. He challenges the North American missions community to expand the horizons of their “managerial missiology.”2
Strategy Formation
Missions, by its very nature, necessitates strategic planning. Strategy formation, however, should never stand by itself as a self-contained, how-to-do-it prescription. Never should practitioners merely ask the question, “Does it work?” because many strategies that “create an impact,” enabling the church to grow for short periods of time, do not reflect the qualities and purposes of God. “Attractional,” “consumer” or “health-wealth” orientations, for example, produce numerical results, but when God takes away health or wealth as in the case of Job, the faith of those who have come to Christ to receive his “benefits” will likely prove deficient. A question that better reflects the Missional Helix is: Does this model of praxis guide people to become disciples of Jesus and people of his mission within this historical, cultural context?
The foundational understandings of theology and the perspectives developed through cultural analysis and historical perspective should, then, lead missionaries to critical reflection upon praxis. The missionary or minister should return time and time again to reflect theologically, culturally, historically, and strategically within the context of spiritual formation in order to develop ministry models that are appropriate to the local context. The four elements work together and interpenetrate each other. Based on these understandings, strategy is the practice of model formation for ministry shaped by theological reflection, cultural analysis, and historical perspective and by the continued practice of ministry while being spiritually formed as disciples of Christ.
Currently missions strategies are undergoing radical transformation as missiologists reflect upon the different social contexts of missions and the need for the church to be God’s distinct, called-out people. For example, the United States once considered itself to be a Christian nation. Many early immigrants fled Europe seeking religious freedom in the New World. As new towns emerged, churches occupied both a geographically and philosophically central location reflecting the church’s role in shaping cultural customs and values. New denominations emerged reflecting the new modern paradigms and flavors of the North American frontier.
The Christian church in the twenty-first century, however, has generally lost this privileged position in the United States and is now only one of many influences shaping contemporary culture. Nevertheless, many Christians assume that the USA is still a Christian nation and attempt to promote Christian morals and ethics through public political activity. This has caused outsiders to view the church as sheltered, judgmental, and anti-homosexual,3 a cynicism amplified by 81 percent of white evangelicals voting for Donald Trump in 2017 presidential election.4
Returning to England after thirty years of missionary work in India, Lesslie Newbigin, father of the contemporary missional movement, witnessed an even greater decline of Christianity in his country. In Foolishness to the Greeks, he asked “What would be involved in a missionary encounter between the gospel and this whole way of perceiving, thinking, and living that we call ‘modern Western culture’?” or in its shortened more popular form, “Can the West be converted?”5 This must also be a guiding question for us in North America during this generation. The church must learn to serve in pre-Constantinian ways as a minority—to survive from the margins rather than from the center of culture. “Missions, which have been accustomed to flowing down the current of world power, are now faced with the necessity of learning for the first time to swim against the current.”6
The final and most important element of the Missional Helix is spiritual formation because it activates and shapes all the inward sectors of the helix.
Spiritual formation is defined by Paul as walking with God in such a way that we are being “transformed into his likeness with ever-increasing glory” (2 Cor 3:18). This glory is embodied in Christ who brought a new covenant which brings life enlivened by the Holy Spirit. This glory is contrasted with the fading glory of the old covenant of Moses, which was merely written on “tablets” or “letters” of stone (3:3, 7), not in human hearts. Paul says, “Will not the ministry of the Spirit be even more glorious? If the ministry that brought condemnation was glorious, how much more glorious is the ministry that brings righteousness!” (3:8–9).
Paul compares his ministry to that of Moses. Because of the hope embodied in new covenant, “we are very bold!” (3:12). When Moses came down from Mt. Sinai, his countenance so reflected the radiance of God that the Israelites were not able to look at him. Moses, however, put a veil over his face to hide this “fading glory” (3:13). Paul testifies that he and all other Christians who live minister with “unveiled” faces who have turned to the Lord are being transformed “into his likeness” by the Holy Spirit (3:18). As light permeates darkness, Paul’s message gains credibility because of the presence of the Holy Spirit working powerfully within the church.
May we be people of unveiled faces boldly reflecting God’s glory as we are transformed into his likeness by the Holy Spirit!
The twin themes of covenant and kingdom reverberate throughout the Bible and define the essence of spiritual formation. Covenant signifies the personal, intimate relationship of God with his people. Kingdom reflects God’s rule with authority and power among his people. From this perspective, spiritual formation is the shaping of ministry as Christian servants humbly submit their lives to a covenant relationship with God as Father and enthrone Christ as their King as people of his kingdom.
To read the application the Missional Helix to a particular missions class, Communicating Christ in Animistic Contexts, read this related article: http://missiology.com/blog/The-Missional-Helix-in-Teaching-and-Ministry-A-Case-Study.
1 The Missional Helix is the integrative paradigm of Van Rheenen’s Missions: Biblical Foundations and Contemporary Strategies, 2nd ed. (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2014), ch. 13. Chapters 1, 3, and 4 focus on theological reflection, ch. 8 on historical reflection, chs. 9–12 on cultural analysis; chs. 14–16 of strategy formation; and chs. 2, 5, and 7 on spiritual formation.
2 Samuel Escobar, Home Grown Leaders (Pasadena, CA: William Carey Library, 1992, 13–14); cf. idem “Evangelical Missiology: Peering into the Future at the Turn of the Century” in Global Missiology for the 21st Century: The Iguassu Dialogue, ed. William D. Taylor (Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2000), 109–12.
3 David Kinnaman, UnChristian: What a New Generation Really Thinks about Christianity . . . and Why It Matters (Grand Rapids: Baker, 2007), 21–40.
4 Myriam Renaud, “Myths Debunked: Why Did White Evangelical Christians Vote for Trump?” University of Chicago Divinity School, January 19, 2017, https://divinity.uchicago.edu/sightings/myths-debunked-why-did-white-evangelical-christians-vote-trump.
5 Lesslie Newbigin, Foolishness to the Greeks: The Gospel and Western Culture (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1986), 1.
6 Lesslie Newbigin, The Gospel in Pluralistic Society (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1989), 8.
Dr. Gailyn Van Rheenen served as a church-planting missionary to East Africa for 14 years, taught Missions and Evangelism at Abilene Christian University for 18 years, and is the founder and currently a facilitator of church planting and renewal within Mission Alive (www.missionalive.org). The second edition of his book Missions: Biblical Foundations and Contemporary Strategies was published by Zondervan/Harper Collins in 2014. Other publications include Communicating Christ in Animistic Contexts (William Carey Library) and The Changing Face of World Missions (Baker Academic; authored with Michael Pocock and Doug McConnell).
Bibliography: Christian Encounter with African Traditional Religion
Bibliography: Evangelism Resources
Bibliography: Foundational Readings in Folk Religion
Bibliography: Resources about Partnerships
Bibliography: Resources about the Persecuted Church
Bibliography: Resources for Church Planting
Bibliography: Resources for Missions Leaders of Local Churches
Bibliography: Resources for Raising Support
Bibliography: Resources for Short-Term Missions
Bibliography: Resources for Training of On-Field Missionaries
Missio Dei Journal
contact@missiology.com
© 2021 Missio Dei Foundation
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Weak Ties by Pietro Pedrazzoli
Dealing with human ties is always an interesting and challenging topic to film; this is due to the fact that it involves a lot of emotions and touches on the psychological fragility of us as interacting creatures. Director “Pedrazzoli” succeeded in a very subtle way in delivering a fine example of human relations and interaction.
The storyline presented shows a real understanding of the art of scriptwriting, both (Pedrazzoli and Taurino) were able to transport and involve the viewers into each scene both emotionally and psychologically, the only minor drawback is the final scene that could have been omitted and the film could have been concluded with the farewell scene between “Taurino” and “Di Massa” at the gate. Acting wise, the combination of “Taurino” and “Di Massa” proved to be an effective one in a sense that they gave the part assigned much personality and they fervently performed their roles.
Technically, the choice of a cold color palette with blue being the most dominantly used, foreshadows the overall mood desired by the director who was more than effective in sending out different semantic messages through his professional use of the elements of cinematography especially the handheld camera movement to convey realism and again involve the audience with what is being presented. Careful attention was given to the well-crafted art direction, which in turn aided to the overall achievement of the work. The choice of Beethoven’s “Moonlight Sonata” as the film’s soundtrack was not really the best of decisions, since it is a bit overused and could be categorized as “cliché”; the work in itself was more than capable in conveying the gloomy and melancholically overall mood wanted without the need for this kind of soundtrack.
Finally, the work reflects real maturity and professionalism from director “Pedrazzoli” due to the fact that he was able to mirror human interactions and relationships in an original manner, a matter that could be more than difficult to the most skilled of directors. The film is a must see as it leaves us with more than one question about the way we go about with our ties to the “other” and how the end of a tie could mean the beginning of a new one. We will be definitely looking forward to the next work done by this promising director in hopes that it would match this one if not over succeed it.
About Pietro
Pietro Pedrazzoli was born in Ivrea on 21 April 1999. Passionate about cinema since he was a child, after graduating from the artistic high school he studied cinema at the Dams in Turin and at the Scuola Nazionale di Cinema Indipendente in Florence.
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NO LIMITS: a visual arts strategy for the West Midlands
NO LIMITS is a visual arts strategy for the West Midlands. It has been initiated by New Art West Midlands in response to the needs of the sector, and developed as an effective working plan. It has been informed by the region’s network of artists, curators and arts professionals, educators, audiences and stakeholders from business and local government.
In the development of this strategy, we used an artist-led consulting process to explore the breadth of visual arts practice. This process was designed to engage the people in the room rapidly and connect them and their voices into the strategy. Deliberately pushing out from the urban centres, we toured the region to ensure its diversity would be reflected. We sought out the far and distant places that make the visual arts in the West Midlands distinct, and looked at our relevance beyond the limits of our art form and our sector.
Our six ‘expeditions’ covered much ground, ranging from the role of the artist in developing our changing cityscapes, to art as a means of social engagement in rural communities and healthcare settings. We reflected on our cultural gems – our galleries, our museums, tourism and heritage – and the new frontiers of the digital and public realms.
The resulting strategy has been led and drafted by artist and consultant Simon Poulter, with an overarching aim to safeguard the future of West Midlands’ artists and our sector as a whole. Operating within the wider context, including Arts Council England’s forthcoming 10 year strategy, we hope the actions that emerge across the four themes will create positive impact for the West Midlands in two principle ways:
1 – to develop and attract artists and curators from a range of disciplines to the region, retaining them and recognising their value.
2 – to respond to the needs of regional priorities and contribute to the development of the West Midlands in respect of creativity and innovation.
Diversity underpins the strategy, relating to our creative people, pioneering practices and distinctive places. Together, we want to support artists at every stage of their career, as part of a shared commitment to creating an ecology that values and celebrates the visual arts as an essential part of people’s lives in the West Midlands.
Download NO LIMITS here or read it on Issuu here.
Drafting a Visual Arts Strategy for the West Midlands
COMPLETE THE SURVEY to help us shape a regional strategy for the visual arts
THE OUTER LIMITS: Defining a Visual Arts Strategy for the West Midlands
Led by New Art West Midlands, The Outer Limits programme for artists explores the extremities of artistic practice – seeking out the far and distant places that make visual art in the midlands distinct and encouraging peer interaction through 6 events across the region.
No Limits: Launch of the visual arts strategy for the West Midlands – Friday 15 November 2019.
New Art West Midlands invites you to the launch of No Limits, the visual arts strategy for the West Midlands, devised following consultation events across the region.
The launch will be followed by a very special performance by artist Shiyi Li of her percussion and live collage work ‘Minister of Loneliness’.
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Angel of the North
Click on the image to view
Our English and World Heritage Tour begins with a visit to what has been described by some as the Guardian of Gateshead, The Angel of the North.
The 208-tonne angel stands at over 20 metres and with its open arms greets the many thousand of travellers who pass it each day on the A1.
Durham Cathedral & Castle
Second stop on our tour is to one of the UK’s 15 World Heritage Sites, Durham Cathedral & Castle.
Durham Cathedral was built in the late 11th and early 12th centuries to house the relics of St Cuthbert (evangelizer of Northumbria) and the Venerable Bede.
It attests to the importance of the early Benedictine monastic community and is the largest and finest example of Norman architecture in England.
Behind the cathedral stands Durham Castle, an ancient Norman fortress which was the residence of the prince-bishops of Durham.
Washington Old Hall Tour
Third stop of our tour, we move on to Washington Old Hall, the manor house associated with the family of George Washington.
The Old Hall is a delightful stone-built 17th-Century manor house, which corporates parts of the original medieval home of George Washington’s direct ancestors, and it is from here that the family name of Washington was derived.
Inside are various displays on George Washington and there is also a fine collection of oil paintings, delftware and heavily carved oak furniture, giving an authentic impression of gentry life following the turbulence of the English Civil War.
Lumley Castle Tour
The fourth and final stop on our English and World Heritage Tour is Lumley Castle. The former manor house, who’s history dates back to the ninth century, was converted into a castle by Sir Ralph Lumley in 1392 and has dominated the County Durham skyline ever since.
This fantastic castle is set within nine acres of parkland, overlooking the River Wear and is a majestic monument to a bygone age of nobility and honour.
If you would like to book one of our English and World Heritage tours, or you would like a little more information about any of our tours then please contact us, either by calling on 07780 958679 or by clicking here and leaving your details.
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This old house season 42 episode 9
this old house season 42 episode 9 J. 1 Biography 1. Series 23 - 30 Minute Versions 25 Reviews; Plaintiff is suing for unpaid rent, utilities and damage to the property. 1 1 Plot 2 Cast 2. 1 Overview — Now Renewed for Season 2 — Set in 1932 Los Angeles, the series focuses on the origin story of famed defense lawyer Perry Mason, based on characters from Erle Stanley Gardner’s novels. TV Seasons The Flight Attendant: Season 1. When he does not respond to treatments, and the normal tests are negative, Foreman presents the case to House. 2 Making a deal with Underwood 1. STOP TALKING ABOUT THE CORONA VIRUS when u don't even know wtf it is u dog. Watch the Full Episode. Shikiboun Paranormal Born and raised in a small town in Oklahoma, Stephanie Hollman resides in Dallas with her husband, Travis, and two young sons Chance and Cruz. Also, Flo prays her secret message gets through to Wyatt, and as Sally starts seducing Wyatt, he finally sees the message from Flo. Season 42 - The Seaside Victorian Cottage This three-bedroom, one-bathroom Queen Anne Victorian in Narragansett, Rhode Island sits on a corner lot, steps from the beach. Dennis has several giant growths on the back of his head. 2 Vincent Waller confirmed that it will consist of 26 half-hour episodes. 2 Changes This season was filmed in 2002. This Old House App-The current season and three most recent seasons each of This Old House (seasons 39-42) and Ask This Old House (seasons 16-19). Ep 14 Same Old Frenemies (Part 2) Ep 28 Season Special - Abby Last Dance. Matt LeBlanc stars as Matt LeBlanc in Episodes, the hilarious comedy series about remaking a comedy series. Join / Sign Up Season 42, Episode 9. Each season features two renovation projects. Watch all 28 This Old House episodes from season 40,view pictures, get episode information and more. Anna starts by sharing her recipe for homemade marzipan, which she turns into chocolate dipped cutouts. 10 Episodes. A thirty year old man and fourteen year old boy befriend one another. New episodes are added every Sunday evening by 8p ET after they premiere on PBS. It was confirmed on January 31st, 2019. , an old gas station-turned-eatery pumpin' bison into a burrito and D. Watch all 26 This Old House episodes from season 4,view pictures, get episode information and more. Season 9 · Episode 3. I'm talking about where Barnabas talks about the Old House, how it was built, where the different parts came from: "The foundation was made from boulders left by glaciers in North America long ago. This Old House - Season 36 Episode 24. A high school boy has hallucinations and collapses during an exam. Oct 01, 1980 · This Old House's mission is to demystify the home improvement process and to celebrate the fusion on old world craftsmanship and modern The Emmy Award winning This Old House is the television's premier home improvement series. Ideal for living aboard these House Boat vary in length from 25ft to 120ft and can carry 8 to 109 passengers. Viewers from around the world participate in the one-hour Bible study program. Watch all 26 This Old House episodes from season 12,view pictures, get episode information and more. http://www. Episodes begin on March 26, 2020. 9-1 : 42-9: 02 Jan 21 Season 37, Episode 9 January 2, 2016 The mudroom is framed; the homeowners consider colors for the exterior of their house; the process of refinishing the clawfoot bathtub is explained; and the On the next episode of This Old House, Mason Mark McCullough shows off a cobblestone apron at the driveway, exterior paint colors are chosen, and progress continues at the 130-year-old Queen Anne Victorian! Auburndale Project October 30, 2010. From unwanted makeovers to exploding science experiments to getting the perfect se Season 9, Ep 9 Shut It Down. Binge-able series - including action, animation, comedy, cooking, drama, reality & more. Adding landscape lighting to a walkway or path can improve the look and experience of the area. Watch Dark Shadows Free Online. This is a list of all the episodes of Caillou. When an innocent life is lost, detectives f "Episode Guide" redirects here. 1 Characters 2 Format 3 Curriculum 4 Episodes 5 Cast 6 Credits 7 Sources During this first season, Oscar the Grouch and Big Bird were the only Muppets to appear regularly in Street scenes, while most of the other Muppets debuted in separate The First 48 takes viewers behind the scenes of real-life investigations as it follows homicide detectives in the critical first 48 hours of murder investigations, giving viewers unprecedented access to crime scenes, interrogations and forensic processing. The twelfth season of SpongeBob SquarePants was announced on May 5, 2017. Fans and anyone interested in the series are welcome to contribute for all things related to The Owl House. 1 Plot 2 Summary 2. 3 At Winterfell 2. This is a list of Dora the Explorer episodes that aired between August 14, 2000-October 15, 2001. 4 Season 4 (2006 - 2008) 2. ead. 1 The Herald's metro beat 1. For the Casagrandes episode guide, see The Casagrandes Episode Guide. 1 At Craster's Keep 2. Find out what you missed. Sesame Street Season 7 aired from December 1, 1975 to May 28, 1976. Unlocked Episodes. 1 Season 12 premiered with the episode "FarmerBob" on November 11, 2018, and so far more episodes are to be aired. Tyler Perry directed some of the episodes in seasons 7 and 8 while other episodes were directed by Kim Fields, Chip Hurd, and producer Roger M. 1 One of the moms explains why she's leaving the show, Jade discusses where things stand between her and Sean, and Leah's ex-husbands react to the revelations in her book Jul 05, 2000 · Season 22 Episode 34 Episode 34 (42:40) on their journey living in a house inspired by summer camp in Season 21. The segments will be presented each Wednesday during the first 20 minutes of the program focus on physical Every episode of Season Four playing at once, posted on the 8th anniversary of Season Three's release. 10:01 PM. 42. tv you have access to best quality adaptive videos that are best for all screens including mobiles as well as desktops. Theo encourages Lola to fight for love and Summer confronts Kyle about For Mobile App: https://l. Lester Holt anchors NBC's signature newsmagazine. 1 Main Cast 1. These powerboats use the following propulsion options: outboard engine or stern drive. Season Three was released in May of 2008. Track Dr. ly/2PN1K08 The Ultimate Laughing Riot is back again with more fun and comedy than ever before with Bulbulay season 2 having new situations, new interactions, new instances, and new consequences. This Old House season 24 episode guide on TV. For the act of killing a king, see regicide. What's New, Scooby-Doo? is the ninth incarnation of the long-running Hanna-Barbera Saturday morning cartoon Scooby-Doo. Every day that passes people are murdered leaving behind loved ones. On TV Tonight is your guide to what's on TV and streaming across America. Season 18 guide for Dr. Project Two is taped in a different region of the country to highlight the variety of American architectural styles and renovation issues. The dip in the old kitchen floor is removed by working beneath it in the basement; the new mudroom and powder room are Jan 03, 2021 · Previous episode: S19 E9 | Next episode: Posting on Jan 17, 8pm ET. In this combination of a reality series and a game show, the contestants battle it out each week to maintain their places in the house, all in the hope of claiming the $500, 000 prize awarded at the end of the summer. Plus find clips, previews, photos and exclusive online features on USANetwork. Then, all 16 Houseguests will reunite, America's favorite Houseguest will be revealed, and either Enzo, Cody, or Nicole will be crowned the winner of "Big Brother: All-Stars" and walk Season 5 is the fifth and final season of Fuller House. Watch exclusive outtakes and interviews. It is the first season with Joe as the host. Living check-to-check as a low-rent private investigator, Mason is haunted by his wartime experiences in France and suffering the effects of a broken Season 9 · Episode 2. S. 1 Characters 4 Credits 5 Notes 6 Sources The curriculum for Season 7 focuses on children with learning disabilities through segments based on research by the Joseph P. com. But behind closed doors they unleash a torrent of lies, cheating and corruption When the black sheep son of a respected family threatens to expose dark secrets from their past, sibling loyalties are put to the test. A revival of the original show, What's New, Scooby-Doo? debuted on the now-defunct WB Television Network's Kids' WB Saturday morning programming block as a half-hour program. 3 Season 3 2 Behind the Scenes 2. The jury will then cast their votes live for the winner. Some episodes have been removed out of respect for a cast member's family. Season 48 ; Painful Memories And Hurt Feelings. TVG. WETA is also a major producing station for PBS. A family with three sons has lived in their home for over 16 years and is ready for an update. Marzipan is a sweet paste made from ground almonds and sugar, and it has so many uses in the desert world. On TV Tonight covers every TV show and movie broadcasting and streaming near you. com and the USA App. Ca Season 9 (Subbed) Episode 220. Eric hopes that the renovation will give the cabin many more years of life so he can share his childhood memories there with his own children. At least that's how it appears from the outside. 1 The first half of street stories (as well as a number of inserts) were filmed during the Season 42 production period, with the second half being filmed during the Season 44 period (started on September 20, 2012). 1 Production Information 2. The series first aired on September 19, 1950. From crispy, juicy fried chicken and hearty chili cheese fries to zesty taco burgers and deep-fried hot dogs, diners are pulling up for a taste of Americana Dec 08, 2020 · Episode # Original Air Date Titles : Season 1 The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes : 1. The official website for Sex and the City on HBO, featuring full episodes online, interviews, schedule information and episode guides. Viewers : 7. , the Cryer family is the enviable face of success and wealth. Track This Old House season 41 episodes. In Little Rock, Ark. In 1997, "Getting Davy Jones" (season three, episode 12) was ranked number 37 on TV Guide ' s 100 Greatest Episodes of All-Time. Numerous deaths on the land and a dark family secret means the team has their work cut out for them. Check your local PBS listings. In the HGTV series Tiny House, Big Living, couples learn what it really means to downsize when they take the plunge into the tiny house real estate market. After their explosive fight, Victoria and Hunter try to calm concerns among the White House staff, Gayle receives appalling news, and Richard and Nancy search for answers. 2 Season 2 1. 42:32. Vikings Season 6 Episode 18 Review: It's Only Magic January 2, 2021 | By Dave Vitagliano. 1 Main Cast 3. 1-7 : 05 Jun 84: The Blue Terrace House: Opening New Doors 2017 TV-14 4 Seasons Reality TV A group of young people -- including a chef, a snowboarder and an ice hockey player -- gather in the Karuizawa woods while pursuing their dreams. 1 Overview The following is a list of episodes of What's New, Scooby-Doo? 1 Episodes 1. Season 29, Episode 5 Meaty Mashup. Dec 05, 2020 · Welcome to the Loud House! Home to Lori, Leni, Luna, Luan, Lynn, Lucy, Lana, Lola, Lisa, Lily and… Lincoln Loud! As the only brother in the house with five older sisters, five younger sisters and one bathroom, life in the Loud house can get pretty crazy. The season consists of 22 episodes and aired on Thursdays at 9PM EST. Play Season Three: Episode 09: Some Time When Everything Has Changed. The drama intensifies as the Summer House crew mixes business with pleasure for the first time all together 24/7. See cast photos. This Old House season 4 episode guide on TV. Season 2 Episode 2. S46 E7 | 12/05/20 Sep 24, 2012 · Sesame Street’s 43rd season debuted on September 24, 2012. To know History is to know life. 1 Appearances Rachel is from just outside Lynchburg, Virginia. Jan 10, 2019 · Read on for updates on Roger Cook's health, This Old House season 40, and This Old House cast in 2019. 1-5 : 22 May 84: The Crooked Man: 6. Sep 29, 2020. 5 Season 5 (2010 and 2013) 3 Trivia 4 References Some Universal Kids airings had only two episodes. 42 min | TV-14. 5 In the Riverlands 2. Two teams go bargain hunting for antiques. 2 Recurring Cast 2. December 14, 2020. He was involved in an incestuous relationship with Cersei, and unknown to most, he was the biological father of her three bastard children, Joffrey, Myrcella, and Tommen Star vs. "The North Remembers" is the first episode of the second season of Game of Thrones. The Ultimate Battle: Cha! Season 1, Episode 1 Naughty or Nice Three bakers run the gamut from naughty to nice as they vie to create the definitive gingerbread showpiece. 2 Guest Stars 2. 316 million, It took the #1 spot for the week, ranking as the number-one entertainment telecast of 2011 across all TV with kids 6-11 and tweens 9-14. He is a scumbag piece of Season 12, Episode 12 At the Drive-In. Watch full episodes of current and classic USA shows online. Episode 1; Episode 2; Episode 3; Episode 4; Episode 5; Episode 6; Episode 7; Episode 8; Episode 9; Episode 10; Episode 11; Episode 12; (Episode 9) Ask This Old House Season 2 Jan 25, 2005 · Directed by Guy Ferland. Homestead Rescue Official Site. Defendants are countersuing for the return of the rent they paid and harassment, $3000. About The Series. . (Episode 9) This Old House Season 23. 2021-01-06T20:00:00-05:00: Nature: A Squirrel's Guide to Success: 2021-01-06T21:00:00-05:00: NOVA: Prediction by the Numbers: 2021-01-06T22:00:00-05:00 Episode Recap This Old House on TV. 41 MIN. Ser Jaime Lannister was the elder son of Lord Tywin Lannister, younger twin brother of Queen Cersei Lannister, and older brother of Tyrion Lannister. The early episodes had a fading effect. On the inside, she creates a stunning kitchen and a custom desk under the stairs, complete with a palace for the family dog. Kennedy Foundation. Serial is heading back to court. 23 Episodes are double-broadcast with new episodes premiering first on Disney Channel and shortly after on Disney XD. The series chronicles the exploits and adventures of the title character and his various friends in the fictional underwater city of Bikini Bottom. Stream online for free with your TV Provider. On Dec 26, 2020 9:00 PM EST 48 Hours Full Episodes Play Video The Hunt for the Long Island Serial Killer New clues in one of the largest unsolved murder cases in the U. Season 2, Episode 14 Family Fishing Cabin Chase Morrill and his crew work to save an old cabin in Oakland, Maine, that Eric purchased from his father. This Old House S42E9Watch Video :http://4ty. Included FREE with your TV subscription. Keeping Up With The Kardashians The first season of the American animated television series SpongeBob SquarePants, created by former marine biologist and animator Stephen Hillenburg, aired from May 1, 1999 to March 3, 2001, and consisted of 20 episodes. a widow Episode 43 recap: A clash over 'easy house' comments and teams are struggling big time And bathroom dramas aren't over yet Episode 42 recap: Luke's waterproofing nightmares continue and a chair challenge causes hell In this Tyler Perry drama, a seemingly perfect interracial first family becomes the White House's newest residents. S42 E10 The This Old House Hour E10 | Seaside Victorian Cottage | Outside Details S19 E10 Ask This Old House January 9, 2021 - PBS NewsHour Weekend full episode WETA Television and Classical WETA 90. 40 Watch full episodes of your favorite HISTORY series, and dive into thousands of historical articles and videos. The show that unlocked America's passions for home, celebrates its 25th anniversary season on PBS this year. 2 Filming for new Ellen's Game of Games: Season 4. the Forces of Evil was renewed for a fourth season on February 28, 2017. — Now Renewed for Season 2 — Set in 1932 Los Angeles, the series focuses on the origin story of famed defense lawyer Perry Mason, based on characters from Erle Stanley Gardner’s novels. In Season 2 of this late-night series, Desus Nice and The Kid Mero speak off the cuff and chat with guests at the intersection of pop culture, sports, music, politics and more. It was the first new Scooby-Doo series since A Pup Named Scooby-Doo ended its run in 1991. With Hugh Laurie, Lisa Edelstein, Omar Epps, Robert Sean Leonard. It premiered on April 1, 2012. The duo delivers smart and comedic commentary on any and all topics. This time, in Cleveland. After serving in the US Air Force for six years, a couple decides to leave Arizona and find their dream home in the military-friendly town of Virginia Beach, Virginia. The family's patriarch, Jim, is a powerful judge with political ambitions that are put A second sequel, The Brady Bunch in the White House, aired on Fox in November 2002 as a made-for-television film. This series contains revised repeats. On September 28, 2011, TBS ordered 42 episodes. Mission: Help an Old Friend in the Land of Tea. 1 Cast 1. -based journalist and a main character in the series. Aired 1-15-2020 Season 2 - New Sep 16, 2002 · Dr phil is not even a doctor. 5 The final episode aired on May 19, 2019. Jun 03, 2004 · The First 48 Season show reviews & Metacritic score: Murdera cold blooded and unspeakable crime. Streaming Now on HBO Max. What I mean to say is walking along distance and rolling the basket if it has over 5 pounds of clothing it will break down or detached itself from the handles and the bag/handles will detaches hill from the rest of the hamper . Nov 16, 2019 · Sesame Street's 50th season premiered on HBO on November 16, 2019 and on PBS on September 14, 2020. Episodes We're sorry but levi-frontend doesn't work properly without JavaScript enabled. blogtalkradio. Join Peacock to watch this episode for free. Photos from the individual Ask This Old House episodes are listed along with the Ask This Old House episode names when available, as are the dates of the original airing of the episode. Additionally, every season and every episode of This Old House and Ask This Old House exclusively for Insider members. Here is a look at when the new episodes start airing and what the premiere will feature. Phil season 18 episodes. This Old House. Get Behind the Scenes with Your Favorite Shows! Start Exploring Now! S8 · E22 · Everybody Dies What is the song in everybody dies that plays when House says "but I can change" more S8 · E22 · Everybody Dies In season 8 episode 22 there is a piano piece called Nostalgia. Watch Full Episodes, Get Behind the Scenes, Meet the Cast, and much more. It was written by David Benioff & D. The Price Is Right has long been a staple of daytime and nighttime television. The Muppet Show: Season Four is an unreleased DVD set collecting all the episodes of the fourth season of The Muppet Show. Season 41 - The Cape Ann House. This Old House begins the restoration of a once-stunning 130-year-old Queen Anne Victorian in Narragansett, RI. Starting with this season, This Old House is now produced by WETA-TV in Washington, D. November 28, 2020. This season, after years of being a doting mother and Aug 11, 2018 · Tangled: The Series Season 2 Episode 1 izleyin - Under Somana Dailymotion'da Hope Sabbath School A lively discussion of a weekly topic which is reviewed by a rotating group of twelve young adults. In this episode: Heath Eastman demonstrates how to install landscape lighting along a garden path. 3 Guest Stars 2 Official summary 3 Episodes 4 Find The Biggest Loser on USANetwork. Series 42 and 43 Reversions View episodes. Where do I stream Tyler Perry's House of Payne online? Tyler Perry's House of Payne is available for streaming on TBS, both individual episodes and full seasons. Watch all 55 Big Brother (UK) episodes from season 1,view pictures, get episode information and more. The baker that impresses the judges the most takes home $25,000 and the title of Best Baker in America. In a Dec 04, 2020 · A guide listing the titles AND air dates for episodes of the TV series Little House on the Prairie. me/bb9zI1 Subscribe: https://bit. Episode 42. It premiered on March 13, 2017 and concluded on April 7, 2017. Season 7, Episode 9 Virginia Beach Forever. Thorn, as he Stream full episodes your favorite FOX TV shows. Project One traditionally consists of eighteen or more so episodes and is filmed in Massachusetts. He was also visibly ill when he appeared on This Old House season 39. Martones House Tour. Go behind the scenes. Included: landscaping work; an overview of the lighting, hardware and wood finishes; the installation of a granite hearthstone for the fireplace; the addition of a harvest table to the dining room; and a look at the media room, which features a 92-ft. Watch This Old House episodes, get episode information, recaps and more. The Average Tomatometer is the sum of all season scores divided by the number of seasons with a Tomatometer. December 2, 2007. 10 84 Euphoria Special Episode Part 1: 11 83 How to With John Wilson: Season 1 12 83 Between the World and Me Sep 11, 2017 · Season 22 guide for Judge Judy TV series - see the episodes list with schedule and episode summary. Season 42: Behind the Build Follow the renovation of a deteriorating Queen Ann Victorian. She is now the main protagonist on the Netflix original show, Fuller House. Designer Jasmine Roth customizes the exterior with new paint and a seating patio. This episode alludes Six strangers in Tokyo look for love under the same roof. 1 Overview 2 Episodes 3 Cast 3. Putting the history back into this turn-of-the-century beauty, homeowners John and Molly plan to strip away the 1970s carpet, cracking balusters, and doors to nowhere and reclaim the history of this rambling shingle-style home. Where do I stream 60 Minutes online? 60 Minutes is available for streaming on CBS, both individual episodes and full seasons. Season 29 Episode 1 Trouble at the 7-11 Ranch 9/21/2020 Season 29 Episode 2 Thu, Sep 24, 2020 9/24/2020 Season 2018 Episode 1 The Women and Dirty John 1/12/2018 A star-studded collection of Saturday Night Live's most hilarious Christmas-themed sketches from various seasons, including "D*** in a Box," "Mister Robinson's Neighborhood," Adam Sandler's "Hanukkah Song," "Martha Stewart's Topless Christmas" and more. Thursdays at 9 This 13-Year-Old Cheerleader Serving Some Serious Sassy Face Is Taking Over Twitter As Everyone's New Favorite Meme Full Episode | 42:08 SUBSCRIBE. 2 Special Guest Cast 2. Season 36 Episode 24 23m. With a life-changing $100,000 settlement to be used for a down payment, David Bromstad helps them pick out a house for their young family. 1 Special Guest Stars 2. S47 E. 4 On Dragonstone 2. U just want to make money u **** dog. Get access to your favorite Travel Channel shows, including ‘Hotel Impossible,’ ‘Ghost Adventures,’ ‘Trip Flip,’ ‘Bizarre Foods’ and more. 3 Season 3: 2005-2006 Main article(s): What's New, Scooby-Doo? season 1 There's No Creature Like Snow Creature - September 14, 2002 3-D Struction - September 21, 2002 Space Ape at the Cape - September 28, 2002 Big Scare in the Big Easy - October 5, 2002 It's Mean, It's Kapil Sharma is back with a new 'Salah Center' (Consultancy Business) in a Mohollah with absurd characters. TV-14. Stream Homestead Rescue FREE with Your TV Subscription! Jan 07, 2021 · The complete rules and true nature of this season's game are revealed, agents re-evaluate their partnerships, an icy plunge devolves into a political stalemate, and Joseph calls out Wes. This Old House Season 42 Episode 9 : •Watch Now : https://s. 1 Season Summary 2 Season Cast 2. 1-3 : 08 May 84: The Naval Treaty: 4. This Old House. Living check-to-check as a low-rent private investigator, Mason is haunted by his wartime experiences in France and suffering the effects of a broken Nov 16, 2019 · Sesame Street's 50th season premiered on HBO on November 16, 2019 and on PBS on September 14, 2020. " That whole speech was good enough to be in any play. The Phoenix House - 6 : Season 9 : 160. I. C. The early episodes of this season were filmed in early 2002 (probably starting when Joe was Watch full episodes of your favorite TLC shows. But when his friends start treating him like a bubble-headed buffoon, he realizes he’s suffering from “The Model’s Curse”. May 08, 2016 · On The Good Wife Season 7 Episode 21, as the trial unfolds, new accusations come out and Alicia works furiously to keep Peter from going back to jail. The series first aired on June 6, 2007. Oct 05, 2019 · This Old House's mission is to demystify the home improvement process and to celebrate the fusion on old world craftsmanship and modern The Emmy Award winning This Old House is the television's premier home improvement series. Watch on FOX. Spice launches her Faces & Laces line and debuts a track at her pop-up event, Akbar lashes out, and the cast is left reeling from an influx of coronavirus cases in the The residents finally arrive in the Big Brother house. Episode 18 9/15/2020; Season 22 Episode 11 Keeping you informed on how to handle buying, selling, renting — or just nesting at home — as we adapt to life during COVID-19. It is in poor condition with rot, deterioration, and structural damage. A year inside a 42: Tue Nov 06, 2018: From Top Model to Bottom of the Bottle: 43: Wed Nov 07, 2018: My Wife Refuses To Admit She's Been Unfaithful Hundreds Of Times: 44: Thu Nov 08, 2018: My Sister Is Grooming Her 6-Year-Old Son to Become Transgender: 45: Fri Nov 09, 2018: Jersey Shore Mom and Daughter Bring Their Drama to Texas: 46: Mon Nov 12, 2018: Arrested Born and raised in a small town in Oklahoma, Stephanie Hollman resides in Dallas with her husband, Travis, and two young sons Chance and Cruz. 2-19: 10 Mar 76: For My Lady Season 9 Little House: A A series gets an Average Tomatometer when at least 50 percent of its seasons have a score. At an average size of only 180 square feet, watch as clients meet with their builders, or decide to build these tiny homes all by themselves, and follow along through the construction process until the house is complete. Tanner-Fuller Hale(née Tanner, born December 1977), is the oldest Tanner sister in Full House. 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Season 1 is the first season of the Nickelodeon sitcom Hunter Street. com/theintronaut You are not alone, introverts. 1 Seasons 2 Episodes 2. 2 Season 2 (2000-2002) 2. She is the older sister of Stephanie and Michelle Tanner, and the mother of Jackson, Max, and Tommy Jr. | Full season and episodes - free online streaming fast high quality legal movies and TV television shows Feb 17, 2020 · Ghost Adventures is about to return in 2020. 6 In the Red Waste 3 Recap 4 Jan 05, 2021 · Season 10 Reunion, Pt. But within the walls of the family's opulent mansion, dysfunction and double lives threaten to destroy the Cryers' world of privilege. Ask This Old House episodes from every season can be seen below, along with fun facts about who directed the episodes, the stars of the and sometimes even Watch the latest episodes of Meet the Press or get episode details on NBC. 2. In June 2019, John Stamos confirmed that Season 5 would be released in two parts, both consisting of nine episodes, with the first nine being released December 6th, 2019 and the last nine released on June 2, 2020. Bobb. She was contracted by Frank Underwood to serve as a "mouth-piece" for his schemes involving media attention and started an affair with him. Also, Tanner Novlan joins the cast as Steffy's doctor, John "Finn" Finnegan. Season 22. 3 Death 2 Hallucination Appearance 3 Behind the Scenes 4 Appearances 5 Trivia Nervous Explore the cast, episodes and sketches from Season 43 of Saturday Night Live. 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Episodes All Seasons Season 48 Season 47 Season 46 Season 45 Season 44 Season 43 Season 42 Season 41 Season 40 Season 39 Season 38 Season 37 Season 36 Season 35 Season 33 Season 32 Season 31 Jan 10, 2021 · The firm first caught the attention of “This Old House” when the brand’s TV personality Tom Silva visited the shop in 2016 to meet with Jeff Sweenor about a custom home project on Ocean Road. Season 29, Episode 9. You can also watch 60 Minutes on demand at Amazon Prime, Amazon, Hulu, FuboTV, CBS online. Critics Consensus: Modern Family's sophomore season sings with ingenious sitcom structure and an ensemble in perfect comedic harmony -- even if the tunes are a little familiar. The wealthy milkman Bachcha Yadav (Kiku Sharda) with his wife Titli Yadav (Bharti Singh) and sister-in-law, Bhoori (Sumona Singh) have rented out houses within the Mohollah and Bhoori is Kapil Sharma's business partner. TV Seasons Mom: Season 8. Amy is worried about "Episode Guide" redirects here. Channel 4's award-winning investigative current affairs programme. 2 Season 2: 2003-2004 1. Guy Fieri is digging into all kinds of carnivore creations on this trip. Watch For Free. It has seen five incarnations: the 1956-1965 daytime version hosted by Bill Cullen on NBC and ABC, the 1972-1980 Season 2, Episode 9 A Puppy Palace. 1 Season 1: 2002-2003 1. The Veteran's Special House Project. Latest Episodes of Hindi, Urdu and Bengali Serial are updated on daily basis as soon as they broadcast on tv. It is the eleventh episode of the series overall. 1 Plot 2 Premise 3 Cast 3. Watch all 26 This Old House episodes from season 24,view pictures, get episode information and more. 1 Episodes 2 Trivia 2. This season, after years of being a doting mother and The following is a list of episodes of What's New, Scooby-Doo? 1 Episodes 1. 2010, ABC, 24 episodes . Season 48. He is a scumbag piece of **** that just wants to make money. This 13-Year-Old Cheerleader Serving Some Serious Sassy Face Is Taking Over Twitter As Everyone's New Favorite Meme Full Episode | 42:07 SUBSCRIBE. He went on to pass an education reform bill and attempted to pass a watershed bill that was voted down in the House. Phil TV series - see the episodes list with schedule and episode summary. 2 "Elmo the Musical" segments and the spoofs for the season were filmed between January and April 2012. Season 2. This Old House - S42 E9 - Full episodesWatch Video » http://4ty. A tour of kitchens, from fireplaces used for cooking in Colonial times to marble counters of modern days; the evolution of appliances. 5-ton Knapp table saw whose transportation back to the shop proves Official Homepage for HGTV. 1-4 : 15 May 84: The Solitary Cyclist: 5. This Old House celebrates the fusion on old world craftsmanship and modern technology. Really poetic and inspired. Weiss and directed by Alan Taylor. A former Governor of Colorado, Walker was publicly inaugurated as President on January 20, 2013. Mar 13, 2017 · Season 1 was announced on February 23, 2017 by Nickelodeon. 1-1 : 24 Apr 84: A Scandal in Bohemia: 2. Season 2 Critics Consensus: With a lot of love, hugs, and tears, season three of This is Us continues to please fans with new intense storylines. Series 42 and 43 Reversions homepage. Track Judge Judy season 22 episodes. Then she puts a twist on an old favorite with Individual Marzipan Fruitcakes. Roger Cook health issues reason behind This Old House Season 40 absence. Season 3 Jul 2017 Season 9 Dec 2020 Season 1, Episode 6 Equestrian Escape A couple bought a historic fixer upper in a prime vacation area, but they need contractor Scott McGillivray and designer Debra Salmoni's help. Watch The Good Wife Season 7 Episode 20 "Party" Watch full episode Timothée Chalamet hosts Saturday Night Live on December 12, 2020 with musical guest Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band. 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The Owl House Wiki, a fandom dedicated to the animated fantasy-comedy series The Owl House, created by Dana Terrace. 1 Season overview 2 Production 3 Celebrities 4 Episodes 5 Characters 6 Cast 7 Credits 8 Gallery 9 Sources 10 See also 11 External links The season's main curriculum focus is on "the After five test shows and years of preparation, Sesame Street premiered on NET (National Educational Television, a precursor of PBS) on November 10, 1969. Jump to latest episode: S9 · E7: 6 episodes; 37 songs; Season 2 Dec 2016 - Mar 2017. I recommend u stay in your house u old Dr phil is not even a doctor. 1 Main Cast 2. Watch full episodes and clips of Popular Primetime, Daytime, Late Night and Classic shows on CBS. Chopped. me/2rffiw This Old House Season 42 Episode 9This Old House S42E9This Old House 42x9 This O This Old House, with pros Tom Silva, Richard Trethewey, Jenn Nawada, and host Kevin O'Connor, is TV's original home-improvement show, following one whole-house renovation over several episodes. Check your local listings. Culinary heavyweights return for a chance at a $100,000 grand prize. Throughout Season 6, each episode was directed by actress Kim Fields or her mother Chip Hurd. Her husband, Tommy Fuller, died before the events of season 1, making D. Fans noticed that Roger Cook was absent for much of the new season of This Old House. 60 Minutes is a series that is currently running and has 53 seasons (1091 episodes). Share Season 3 Episode 9 - The murders at Orderud Farm. Unfortunately it doesn’t hold very much and traveling with it can cause it to break down. com online and access extras such as interviews, previews and episode guides. Zoe Marie Barnes was a Washington, D. 12/16 Watch all the latest full episodes from BBC America: Doctor Who, Killing Eve, Orphan Black, Luther, Planet Earth and more. A second sequel, The Brady Bunch in the White House, aired on Fox in November 2002 as a made-for-television film. 2 Supporting Cast 1. com and the NBC App. The season premiere was preceded by a primetime special celebrating the show's 50th anniversary a week earlier. Season 22 ; Season 21 ; Season 20 42 Episodes . The extended Winslow family redefines the word "togetherness" as their home splits at the seams with chaos, confusion and laughter. Air Date: Jul 5, 2000 NOW STREAMING Full Episodes. From unwanted makeovers to exploding science experiments to getting the perfect se Episode Guide. Supermodel Tom| Season 4 Episode 8 . In Savannah, Ga. Aired 12-18-2019 Season 2 - New Season 1, Episode 6 Equestrian Escape A couple bought a historic fixer upper in a prime vacation area, but they need contractor Scott McGillivray and designer Debra Salmoni's help. com! "Kingslayer" redirects here. Big Brother (UK) season 1 episode guide on TV. This Old House season 12 episode guide on TV. No. Production began on March 3, 2017. Find out who becomes the final Head of Household, setting the stage for the last eviction of the season. This Old House: The final days in Manchester begin with a look at the smoke detectors - specialist Greg Smizer explains to Steve maintenance obsolescence issues, and points out that the ones he's installing also detect low temperatures. Working with the Historic Commission, the crew restores the original house’s exterior TVGuide has every full episode so you can stay-up-to-date and watch your favorite show This Old House anytime, anywhere. There's no time for horsing around while they turn this carriage house into a hip, horse-themed rental home. B. In this special four-part series from This Old House, we take a look at the designs, craftspeople, and manufacturers that go into our builds TVGuide has every full episode so you can stay-up-to-date and watch your favorite show This Old House anytime, anywhere. Garrett Allan Walker (born July 18, 1962) is a politician who served as the 45th President of the United States. Well, you probably are but stop making excuses for it. There are a wide range of House Boat for sale from popular brands like Gibson, Holiday Mansion and Custom with 64 new and 288 used and an average What's New, Scooby-Doo? is the ninth incarnation of the long-running Hanna-Barbera Saturday morning cartoon Scooby-Doo. Watch Yu-Gi-Oh! episodes online and join Yugi and his friends as they duel by summoning ferocious monsters and casting magical spells with playing cards. Season 32, Episode 4. Hear from the cast and producers. 3 Co-Stars 3 Episode List Jun 06, 2007 · Tyler Perry's House of Payne is a series that is currently running and has 8 seasons (277 episodes). id/wN-0PThis Old House Season 42 Episode 9This Old House S42E9This Old House 42x9This Old HouseT List of This Old House episodes (seasons 11–20) List of This Old House episodes (seasons 21–30) List of This Old House episodes (seasons 31–40) Season 41 (2019–20) Kevin O'Connor's seventeenth season as the host. Episode 102. 2018, NBC, 18 episodes This Is Us: Season 2 A crucial agent crumbles under emotional distress and threatens to topple a valuable network of KGB informants. Here at gilli. This Old House December 2, 2007. When husband and wife writing team Sean and Beverly set out to reproduce their British TV hit for an American network, all of their worst fears come true as Hollywood lives up to its reputation for absurdity. Watch the latest episodes of The Kelly Clarkson Show or get episode details on NBC. 1000-lb Sisters new. 9 FM are community-based public broadcasting stations serving the Washington area and supported by listeners and viewers. 3 Guest Cast 3 Episodes 4 News 5 What matters most? Family, of course! Over its nine hit seasons, Family Matters brings us a hilarious slice of middle-class Americana -- along with one of TV's wackiest characters, nerdy genius Steve Urkel. On June 21, 2017, Lori Alan confirmed on Instagram that voice-recording for season 12 had started, and shared a photo showing three Supernatural was renewed for a fifth season by The CW on February 24, 2009. Rachel Posner was a former prostitute who had a relationship with Doug Stamper. Season 48 Season 2, Episode 5 Demonic Plantation Jason, Steve, Dave and Shari travel to Blair, South Carolina, to investigate reports of demonic activity at a 200-year-old plantation. 1 Season 1 1. Meet the Busby Family, which includes mom Danielle, dad Adam, 4-year old daughter Blayke, and 5 baby girls. 1-6 : 29 May 84: The Speckled Band: 7. Season 41 guide for This Old House TV series - see the episodes list with schedule and episode summary. The show features the Dec 05, 2020 · Welcome to the Loud House! Home to Lori, Leni, Luna, Luan, Lynn, Lucy, Lana, Lola, Lisa, Lily and… Lincoln Loud! As the only brother in the house with five older sisters, five younger sisters and one bathroom, life in the Loud house can get pretty crazy. Contestants transform mentally and physically as they compete to win a cash prize. 3 Season 3: 2005-2006 Main article(s): What's New, Scooby-Doo? season 1 There's No Creature Like Snow Creature - September 14, 2002 3-D Struction - September 21, 2002 Space Ape at the Cape - September 28, 2002 Big Scare in the Big Easy - October 5, 2002 It's Mean, It's Episode 214 contains some of the best writing ever done for TV. Status and strategy collide in this social experiment and competition show where online players flirt, befriend and catfish their way toward $100,000. 4 Season 4 is confirmed to be the final season for the series. Watch Full Episodes FREE with your TV subscription. 3 Season 3 (2002-2003) 2. Episode 4 - Season 2 - May 9, 2017 . Watch Hindi, Urdu and Bengali Serial Latest Episodes Online. HD screen, an HD projector and a Work on the Weston project house is completed. 1 Season 1 (1997-2000) 2. Season 6, Ep 6 Look at the Car, Bro T. The company is looking forward to the new project, and the builders were observed working at the new location last week. me/nbfu98This Old House Season 42 Episode 9This Old House S42 E9 This Old House, with pros Tom Silva, Richard Trethewey, Jenn Nawada, and host Kevin O'Connor, is TV's original home-improvement show, following one whole-house renovation over several episodes. Episode 9. Watch trailers & learn more. The Shot: Race for the Vaccine December 14, 2020. His first Vice President, Jim Matthews, eventually left office to run The official website for Big Love on HBO, featuring full episodes online, interviews, schedule information and episode guides. The knives (and forks) are out as strangers compete to be crowned top dinner party host Season 1 Episode 2 Exclusive: Tamra cannot get her vagina waxed for the first time without Vicki. October 30, 2010. 2 Recurring Cast 4 Episodes 5 Trivia 6 References Hunter Street follows the journey of five foster kids on a quest to find their This is the last episode filmed (September 2010) for the first half of the 26 episodes to air in Season 4. Tomatometer Not Yet Available TOMATOMETER Critic Ratings: N/A Summary: Work on the Weston project house is completed. Season 43, Episode 9. A fieldstone sitting wall is built; the home's air-conditioning system is examined; and termite activity in the house is This Old House season 40 episode guide on TV. Tyler Perry directed every episode of the first 5 seasons. A guide listing the titles AND air dates for episodes of the TV series This Old House. The season premiered on September 10, 2009 with Sympathy for the Devil and ended on May 13, 2010 with Swan Song. She was also a recurring character in the first, second, and third seasons of House of Cards. 2 In King's Landing 2. Please enable it to continue. Talk with other fans, catch up with your favorite shows and more. Talking Tom gets invited to become one of the world’s top models, and he loves the sudden fame and attention. Let the real doctors take care of this stuff. The classic, gothic, daytime TV series about a tormented vampire, freed from his grave after 200 years, who returns home to protect his loved ones. Working with the Historic Commission, the crew restores the original house’s exterior and replicates architectural details on an addition. 7 episodes; 42 songs; advertisement. Grudge Match: Battle 1. 1-2 : 01 May 84: The Dancing Men: 3. She dropped out of Lorimer High School during her sophomore year and ran away from For six weeks, eight skilled bakers are challenged to use their style and technical abilities to make stunning, tasty treats. Then, it got switched to a quick rapid glow every time the blue cursor clicks on something. revokes Messiah's driving privileges after he crashes Tip's prized sports car, and Tiny starts a new business venture as the owner of a co-ed basketball team. Home. Join The Intronaut, J. " But like so much reality TV, it's both educational and grimly fascinating, and leaves you feeling much better about your own life — if for no other reason than that you would never be so stupid as to appear on a show like this. this old house season 42 episode 9
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US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo on Friday imposed sanctions on three of his primary targets -- China, Iran and Cuba -- in a last-minute push aimed in part at boxing in President-elect Joe Biden. Five days before he turns in his keys at the State Department,...
Canada got a one-two punch Friday as public health officials said vaccine deliveries would be delayed and its Covid-19 measures still aren't working to control a resurging virus.
President-elect Joe Biden is calling for relief for day-care providers, low-income families and upping child-care tax credits.
A Capitol Police officer who was seen wearing a “Make American Great Again” hat during last week’s breach of the U.S. Capitol says he wore the hat as part of an effort to rescue his colleagues, according to a report from The Wall Street Journal....
No more beds: Brazil's Amazonas state transfers Covid patients
Oil giant splits from powerful lobbying group over climate change
How to delete a Roblox account if you're concerned about your child's engagement with the online gaming platform
Vice President Mike Pence listens during a briefing about the upcoming presidential inauguration of President-elect Joe Biden and Vice President-elect Kamala Harris, at FEMA headquarters, Thursday, Jan. 14, 2021, in Washington.
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Scott Sigler is a contemporary American author of science fiction and horror as well as an avid podcaster. Scott is the New York Times #1 bestselling author of sixteen novels, six novellas, and dozens of short stories. He is the cofounder of Empty Set Entertainment, which publishes his young adult Galactic Football League series. Originally from Michigan, he now resides in San Diego, California.
Raised in Cheboygan, Michigan, Scott’s father passed his love of classic monster films along to his son. His mother, a school teacher, encouraged his reading offering him any book he wanted. He wrote his first monster story, Tentacles, Tentacles & More Tentacles, at the age of eight. Scott didn’t travel far for college having attended Olivet College (Olivet, Michigan) and Cleary College (Ann Arbor, Michigan) where he earned his Bachelor’s of Arts in Journalism and Bachelors of Science in Marketing.
Scott has had a varied career path having worked fast food, picking fruit, shoveling horse manure, a sports reporter, director of marketing for a software company, software startup founder, marketing consultant, guitar salesman, and bum in a rock band.
He has been covered in Time Magazine, Entertainment Weekly, Publisher’s Weekly, The New York Times, The Washington Post, the San Francisco Chronicle, the Chicago Tribune, io9, Wired, The Huffington Post, Business Week, and Fangoria. He now resides in San Diego, California with his dog, Reesie.
In 2005, Scott built a large online following by releasing his audiobooks as serialized podcasts. More than a decade later, he still gives his stories away for free, every Sunday at scottsigler.com. His loyal fans, who named themselves “Junkies”, have downloaded over thirty-five million individual episodes. Described as "Stephen King meets Michael Crichton meets Chuck Palahniuk," Scott’s thrillers will have you trembling with anticipation for each week’s episode.
EarthCore was originally published in 2001 by iPublish, an AOL/Time Warner imprint. With the novel doing well as a promotional ebook, Time Warner was planning on publishing the novel. With the economic slump following September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, Time Warner did away with the imprint in 2004. Scott then decided to start podcasting his novel in March 2005 as the world’s first podcast-only novel to build hype and garner an audience for his work.
Scott considered it a "no brainer" to offer the book as a free audio download. Having searched for podcast novels and finding none, he decided to be the first. Scott was able to get EarthCore offered as a paid download on iTunes in 2006. After EarthCore’s success (It had over 10,000 subscribers), Scott released Ancestor, Infected, The Rookie, Nocturnal, and Contagious via podcast.
Scott released a PDF version of Ancestor in March 2007 through Scott’s own podcast as well as others. Ancestor was released on April 1, 2007 to much internet hype and, despite having been released two weeks earlier as a free ebook, reached #7 on Amazon.com’s best-seller list and #1 on Sci-Fi, Horror, and Genre-Fiction on the day of release. Scott is leveraging new media to keep in touch with his fans, regularly talking with them using social networking sites, via email, and IM.
Scott was featured in a New York Times article on March 1, 2007 by Andrew Adam Newman, which was covering authors using podcasting innovations to garner a broader audience.
In March 2014, Executive Editor Mark Tavani at Ballantine Bantam Dell bought World Rights to a science fiction trilogy by Scott. In the first book, Alive, a young woman awakes trapped in a confined space with no idea who she is or how she got there. She soon frees other young adults in the room and together they find that they are surrounded by the horrifying remains of a war long past … and matched against an enemy too horrible to imagine. Further adventures follow in two more books, Alight and Alone. On Wednesday, July 15, 2016, it was announced that Alive made #1 on the New York Times Bestseller list in the Young Adult E-Book category.
Scott calls Stephen King a "’master craftsman’, who writes from the ‘regular guy’ strata from which he hails. His older stuff had no pretense, no ‘higher message,’ no ‘I’m extremely important’ attitude, just rock-solid storytelling and character development. He also would whack any character at any time, and that’s what hooked you in — when characters got into trouble, you didn’t know if they’d live, unlike 99% of the books out there that are trying to develop franchise characters."
According to Scott, Jack London’s "The Sea Wolf totally changed my views on life". Scott saw King Kong (1976 version) when he was a little kid. He said, "It scared the crap out of me. I hid behind my dad’s shoulder and begged to leave the theatre. As soon as we were out, I asked when we could see it again — that was the moment I knew I wanted to tell monster stories. I wanted to have that same impact on other people."
Scott has been a runner-up in both the 2006 and 2007 Parsec Awards. In 2006 he was a runner-up for his short story Hero in the Best Fiction (Short) category and for Infected in the Best Fiction (Long) category. In the 2007 Parsec Awards, Scott was a runner up for The Rookie in the Best Speculative Fiction Story (Novel Form) category. In the 2008 Parsec Awards Scott’s Contagious, the sequel to Infected was listed at 33 on the New York Times best sellers list.
In the 2008 Parsec Award Scott broke through and won for Red Man in the Best Speculative Fiction Story (Short Form) category. He followed up with another win in the 2009 Parsec Awards for Eusocial Networking in the Best Speculative Fiction Story (Novella Form) category. 2010 saw him continue to win in the Best Speculative Fiction Story (Short Form) category with his podcast, The Tank, and in the 2011 Parsek Awards he again took out the Best Speculative Fiction Story (Novella Form) category with Kissyman & the Gentleman.
On July 31, 2015, Scott was inducted into the inaugural class of the Academy of Podcasters Hall of Fame at a ceremony in Fort Worth, Texas.
Scott is a Master Knitter, Bassist for Evan Diamond and he says “My goal is to conquer the world and make all of humanity my servants.”
Scott has several of his alter-egos. Soupbone the Wonder Pimp, Francis Dominic Olivieri, Pope Siglericus XXX, and General Siglerisimo.
Read his Bibliography at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database.
View his LinkedIn profile. Follow him on Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and MySpace. Visit his homepage or chat with him on messenger.
Futurists Board
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In light of the recent US sanctioned declaration of independence by Kosovo, I thought the following essay by John Couretas at the Action Institute's Powerblog worth reading. I will confess my grasp of Eastern European politics and history leaves me unprepared to offer any substantive observations.
Nearly two years ago, in "Who Will Protect Kosovo's Christians?" I wrote:
Dozens of churches, monasteries and shrines have been destroyed or damaged since 1999 in Kosovo, the cradle of Orthodox Christianity in Serbia. The Serbian Orthodox Church lists nearly 150 attacks on holy places, which often involve desecration of altars, vandalism of icons and the ripping of crosses from Church rooftops. A March 2004 rampage by Albanian mobs targeted Serbs and 19 people, including eight Kosovo Serbs, were killed and more than 900 injured, according Agence France Press. The UN mission in Kosovo, AFP said, reported that 800 houses and 29 Serb Orthodox churches and monasteries - some of them dating to the 14th century — were torched during the fighting. NATO had to rush 2,000 extra troops to the province to stop the destruction.
All this happened despite the presence of UN peacekeeping forces. According to news reports posted by the American Council for Kosovo, Albanian separatists are opposing the expansion of military protection of Christian holy sites by UN forces. A main concern of Christians is the fate of the Visoki Decani Monastery - Kosovo's only UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Now that Albanian separatists have declared the Serbian province of Kosovo to be an independent nation -- and won backing from President Bush -- a chain of events has been put in place that EU lawmakers are already describing as a Pandora's Box.
Why? Because the secessionist move in Serbia is likely to kindle others in places like Georgia, Moldova and Russia (which now much entertain similar aspirations from places like Abkhazia, South Ossetia, or Transdniester). This explains Russia's opposition to the Kosovo breakaway, but it's not alone. Spain, which has contended with Basque, Catalan and Galician separatist movements for decades, refused to recognize an independent Kosovo, saying the move was illegal. Then there's Slovakia, Romania, Bulgaria, Greece and Cyprus. Some Asian countries also view the Kosovo split as a dangerous precedent. Sri Lanka said the move was a violation of the UN Charter. Canada has officially remained mum on the question so far.
For a good balanced look ahead for Kosovo, see "After Kosovo's Secession," by Lee Hudson Teslik on the Council of Foreign Relations Web site, and the online debate between Marshall F. Harris, Senior Policy Advisor, Alston + Bird, and Alan J. Kuperman, Assistant Professor, University of Texas, LBJ School of Public Affairs.
But I am a skeptic, in case you were wondering.
In a recent Washington Times commentary titled "Warning Light on Kosovo," John Bolton, Lawrence Eagleburger and Peter Rodman argued that partitioning Serbia's sovereign territory was not in the best interest of the United States:
The blithe assumption of American policy — that the mere passage of nine years of relative quiet would be enough to lull Serbia and Russia into reversing their positions on a conflict that goes back centuries — has proven to be naive in the extreme.
Recognition of Kosovo's independence without Serbia's consent would set a precedent with far-reaching and unpredictable consequences for many other regions of the world. The Kosovo model already has been cited by supporters of the Basque separatist movement in Spain and the Turkish-controlled area of northern Cyprus. Neither the Security Council nor any other international body has the power or authority to impose a change of any country's borders.
Perhaps the most troubling aspect of the current policy is the dismissive attitude displayed toward Russia's objections. Whatever disagreements the United States may have with Moscow on other issues, and there are many, the United States should not prompt an unnecessary crisis in U.S.-Russia relations. There are urgent matters regarding which the United States must work with Russia, including Iran's nuclear intentions and North Korea's nuclear capability. Such cooperation would be undercut by American action to neutralize Moscow's legitimate concerns regarding Kosovo.
In "Let's Avoid Another Kosovo Crisis," Ruth Wedgwood, a professor of international law and diplomacy at Johns Hopkins University, wrote in the Wall Street Journal:
Kosovo has been part of the territory of Serbia since before the First World War, and its ancient monasteries are iconic to the Serbs. Belgrade's government coalition is already in crisis on the issue.
It is a dangerous precedent to tear apart the territory of a member state of the United Nations. And the timing could not be worse. No one needs a Kosovo crisis, while NATO remains short of troops in Afghanistan and maintains 16,000 troops in this autonomous province of Serbia. A Kosovo blowup would provide an easy excuse for gun-shy European allies to reduce their Afghanistan contingents.
And what of the Serb Christians? Orthodox Bishop Artemije of Ras and Prizren issued the following statement on Jan. 31:
Should Washington and its followers make good on their current threats to recognize Kosovo, Serbia would never accept it. Not only Russia but many other countries, especially those outside of Europe, would reject recognition. Kosovo would never become a member of the United Nations. We would regard the international presence in Kosovo, including the mission now being considered by the EU, as an occupation force. We Serbs have suffered many occupations in the past and triumphed over them. If necessary we would survive this one as well. Despite any intensification of the terror to which we Christians have been subjected since 1999, my flock in Kosovo has no intention of leaving their homes.
I do not welcome having to direct these critical words at the United States. Serbs have always regarded America as a friend and continue to do so. Americans and Serbs were allies in both World Wars. We are not the ones who are pursuing a confrontation today. But it is impossible for America to profess friendship with Serbia while demanding the amputation of the most precious part of our homeland.
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justforlaughsmtl
Just for Laughs Festival Details Online Edition with Hannah Gadsby, Nicole Byer, Howie Mandel
Having initially been delayed, Montreal's Just for Laughs Comedy Festival is going digital in 2020. Now, the festival has announced the deta...
Montreal's Just for Laughs Comedy Festival Has Been Postponed
As the time of self-isolation continues in the wake of the coronavirus outbreak, more and more events are being postponed deep into the summ...
Anthony Anderson Finally Visits Just for Laughs to Attempt Comedy with "No Do-Overs"
Just for Laughs has been trying to land Anthony Anderson for five years. The Black-ish star says he's never had room in the shooting sch...
The Alternative Show with Andy Kindler Just for Laughs, Montreal QC, July 26
What Andy Kindler said over the course of the hour-long Alternative Show is incredibly unclear. The seasoned comedian and annual deliverer o...
Trevor Noah Gives Montreal What They Expect at Just for Laughs Just for Laughs, Montreal QC, July 26
Trevor Noah greeted a packed Montreal stadium to flashing lights, after playing a self-indulgent video reel that included clips of his own s...
Chanty Marostica Gives Hilarious Teachings at Just for Laughs Just for Laughs, Montreal QC, July 25
Chanty Marostica's high energy is hard to forget. Despite fighting off food poisoning, the Toronto-based comedian kept the Montreal Improv i...
Esther Povitsky's Low-Key Charms Don't Overwhelm Just for Laughs Just for Laughs, Montreal QC, July 25
"My standup is more just get to know me and not really laugh hard," L.A.-based comedian Esther Povistky told a relatively quiet room — a sel...
Michael Kosta's 'Straight White Male' Show at Just for Laughs Offers That Perspective Just for Laughs, Montreal QC, July 25
Michael Kosta is dead charming, and can make you feel conflicted. He easily conjures a feeling of familiarity, because he's reminiscent of a...
'Mind Parasites Live with Adam Conover' Makes Everyone Think at Just for Laughs Just for Laughs, Montreal QC, July 24
If you've ever seen Adam Conover's TRUTV show Adam Ruins Everything, it might be hard to imagine it taking form as standup comedy. Mind Para...
New Faces at Just for Laughs Is a Welcome Talent Showcase Just for Laughs, Montreal QC, July 24
New Faces is one of the most popular showcases at the Just For Laughs comedy festival every year, and for good reason — the artists are gree...
Ronny Chieng Brings His 'Daily Show' Politics to Just for Laughs Just for Laughs, Montreal QC, July 23
Modern times happen fast. Very recently, you couldn't find a JFL set that didn't include a lot of Donald Trump shit. That's to be expected —...
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Event Publicity
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Born and raised in the South, Lydia moved from New Orleans to the West Coast after having the profound experience of finding her people at the Oregon Country Fair. Ushered into the best of West Coast festival culture, Lydia found herself in love with the Pacific Northwest and Oregon in particular. After moving to Olympia to attend The Evergreen State College, she pursued a massage career before creating a sugar free chocolate company now known as Pure Love Chocolate that we both own and operate today. Lydia is an excellent writer and editor with a keen eye for what can be made better. Always refining and improving, she has a keen sense of what makes great video.
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We are but a moment’s sunlight, Fading in the grass
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jollibee st louis
In the Middle East, Jollibee's primary market are the Overseas Filipino Workers while in Vietnam it is the local population. View the price list here.. Home; About Us; Services; Buzz Room; International; Investors; Careers; Stores; Privacy Policy Yaah, Desiree!
Is this a place where you pay before receiving your order? Continue your visit to www.tripadvisor.com, 3534 W Touhy Ave Touhy Marketplace, Skokie, IL 60076-6200. As of May 2019, Jollibee operates over 1,300 stores, 1,150 of which are in the Philippines, its country of origin, and 234 are situated in foreign markets. [note 1] By the end of that year, there were seven branches in Metro Manila.
[17], In 2017, a new edition called the Aloha Yumburger was introduced. Jollibee is a fast food restaurant with American-influenced items, as well as casual Filipino fare. The spaghetti is good and the hot dog is pretty good too. [4][5] The outlet later began offering hot meals and sandwiches upon request from customers. St. Louis The Transformers promotion (1985) In 1985, McDonald's gave away non-transforming, non-poseable figurines of four Mini Vehicle characters, each rendered in six different color variations, in various two-color combinations of red, green, blue, yellow and black. Outside the Philippines, key products such as its chicken, spaghetti, and burgers are sold overseas but also offers localized products in its international markets such as chili chicken in Vietnam and nasi lemak in Brunei. Hotels near Illinois Holocaust Museum & Education Center, Hotels near Skokie Northshore Sculpture Park.
Below is a list of Jollibee mall/outlet store locations in Missouri, with address, store hours and phone numbers. Bachelor's degree at st. louis college valenzuela city NCR - National Capital Region, Philippines 31 mga koneksyon.
[45], Outside the Philippines, Jollibee's primary customers are different per country or region.
There are people that work there just standing around...1 lady taking orders? Accepts Credit Cards. Filipino fast foods making their way. Jollibee started with five branches in 1978. Sumali upang Komonekta. JFC also owns other fast food brands in the Philippines such as Chowking, Greenwich Pizza, Red Ribbon Bakeshop, Mang Inasal, and Burger King Philippines.[32]. The first franchised outlet of Jollibee opened in Santa Cruz, Manila in 1979.
Inspired designs on t-shirts, posters, stickers, home decor, and more by independent artists and designers from around the world. Chicken pieces or in dippers with rice or fries and the best brown gravy ever! If you are a resident of another country or region, please select the appropriate version of Tripadvisor for your country or region in the drop-down menu. Their chicken i would rate a 6/10, not bad.
Vietnam has more than a hundred outlets in 2019, or majority of its outlets outside the Philippines. There are people that work there just standing around...1 lady taking orders? We care about your safety. Click this link to read about the steps we are taking to ensure we protect the health and well-being of our guests, team members and the communities in which we serve in amid the COVID-19 outbreak. By clicking on or navigating the site, you agree to our use of cookies. [4] Initially Jollibee was named "Jolibe" but changed its name to "Jollibee".
[37], They also had branches in Taiwan,[12] and Mainland China. Jollibee is the largest fast-food chain brand in the Philippines, operating a network of more than 1,400 stores. [53] On July 17, 2011, Jollitown moved to ABS-CBN for its fourth and fifth season, airing Sundays at 9 am. For...More, I was so excited to learn, last year, that Jollibee was opening a location in the Chicago area, and eagerly awaited my next trip from St. Louis to be sure to have lunch or dinner there. If the name Jollibee sounds familiar, that’s probably because it is. Then she says if we want white meat it's 20 min wait....More, This is the version of our website addressed to speakers of English in United Kingdom.
[52], Other mascots were also made for the Jollibee fastfood chain, with many of them featured in Jollitown, a children's show aired in the Philippines.[7]. Date of visit: February 2017. A dominant market leader in the Philippines, Jollibee enjoys the lion’s share of the local market that is more than all the other multinational fastfood brands in PH combined.
[2] London, United Kingdom became the second location in Europe when it opened on October 20, 2018. jerome h . Jollibee is known for being an outstanding restaurant. Especially in the Philippines. 3534 W Touhy Ave Touhy Marketplace, Skokie, IL 60076-6200.
[7], Jollibee, a large anthropomorphic bee mascot dressed in a blazer, shirt, and chef's hat, was introduced by the brand in 1980. ", "Jollibee opens first Malaysian outlet in Kota Kinabalu", "64 million views later, Jollibee goes digital from 'I Love You Sabado, https://www.youtube.com/c/JollibeeStudios/about/, "Why Is McDonald's Struggling In The Philippines? Tony Tan, chairman and founder has compared the mascot's character to the Filipino working folk reasoning that the bee "hops around and produces sweet things for life, and is happy even though it is busy".
Let's be honest, this is fast food, but it is a different offering. [24] The burger was also introduced in Edmonton, Canada. Jollibee Store Info Jollibee Missouri . I visited on a Saturday night, about 7pm, and... More. If you are a resident of another country or region, please select the appropriate version of Tripadvisor for your country or region in the drop-down menu. Breakfast meals of beef or pork with fried egg and garlic rice only for $5.99! Jollibee for sure and maybe a chain Boba place like Lollicup! We have been to Jollibee many times over the years. Jollibee 6955 Mission St, Daly City. Jollibee", "Jollibee CEO on the homegrown fast food giant's growing appetite for acquisitions", "Why Jollibee's Fast Food has Americans Waiting in Insane Lines — Cult Following", "Jollibee: How it became one of the world's biggest Asian fast food companies", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jollibee&oldid=986499427, Regional restaurant chains in the United States, Wikipedia pages semi-protected from banned users, Articles to be expanded from November 2019, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2017, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Southeast Asia, Middle East, Western Europe, North America, East Asia (, This page was last edited on 1 November 2020, at 07:07. The spaghetti is good and the hot dog is pretty good too. [25], In 2017, an advertising video on YouTube about the Yumburger went viral in the Philippines.
more. Surprisingly their spaghetti with hot dog and ham pieces was pretty good. Jollibee launched its first branch in Dubai in 1995 but it was later closed. ", "Michael Deacon reviews Jollibee, London: 'The queue was like a chicken-shop version of The Hobbit, "The burger chains' embrace - Jasper Y. Arcalas", "Jollibee's Amazing Aloha burger is back", "Mainstreaming Jollibee in Canada, opening one restaurant at a time", "Yum!
The timing was chosen to highlight Jollibee's 30th anniversary. The way the chicken is marinated is a trade secret. Jollibee is a fast food restaurant with American-influenced items, as well as casual Filipino fare. Click this link to read about the steps we are taking to ensure we protect the health and well-being of our guests, team members and the communities in which we serve in amid the COVID-19 outbreak. Not very busy but the food was hot, has ordered and tasty. Got to Jollibee at right be 5pm, parking lot was pretty crowded but thankfully was able to find a parking spot and went right in Jollibee. [19], Jollibee, the fast food chain brand is owned by the Jollibee Foods Corporation which is based in Pasig, Philippines. Let's be honest, this is fast food, but it is a different offering.
[19] The burger can be bought at different prices, depending on the size. Delivery. [11] The first Jollibee store overseas opened in Taiwan in 1986 which is now closed. On April 13, 2008, a children's television program called Jollitown was launched. [7], The company that would be managing the chain of fast food, Jollibee Foods Corporation was incorporated in January 1978. More recently in Winnipeg, Manitoba.
It was great that there wasn't any line to enter the restaurant, there were a few customers in front so had to wait a bit before getting to the register. My wife and I visited this Jollibee on our first trip to Chicago. [27][28], Merchandise depicting the Yumburger was released in 2018 as a collectible toy set with the Jolly Kiddle Meal.
Are the prices at this restaurant low or inexpensive? [55], This article is about the fast food chain. Jollibee has embarked on an aggressive international expansion plan, with more than 270 international branches in the United States, Canada, Hong Kong, Macau, Brunei, Vietnam, Singapore, Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Oman, Kuwait, Bahrain, Italy, and in the United Kingdom.
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Research and Discussion
Saturday, January 16, 2021, 03:37 (GMT+7)
Tuesday, February 13, 2018, 09:12 (GMT+7)
International waters and the freedom of the high seas
According to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 1982 (hereafter the UNCLOS 1982), the World Ocean is divided into 2 parts, namely territorial waters under sovereignty and sovereign right of coastal states; and international waters and seabed. International waters (also known as the high seas) are immense, including all the waters outside coastal states’ 3-nmi territorial waters. Due to the inception of exclusive economic zone (EEZ) (200 nautical miles or nmi) under coastal countries’ sovereignty, the high seas have been narrowed and outside the EEZ. The UNCLOS 1982 also stipulated that “the high seas” are all the seas which are not within the EEZ, territorial waters and internal waters of a country or in the waters and archipelago of an archipelagic country. In line with that, Vietnam’s Law of the Sea specified that “international waters” cover all parts of the sea beyond the EEZ of Vietnam and other states, and not including the seabed and the subsoil thereof. So, the terms “international waters” (according to Vietnam’s Law of the Sea) or the “High Seas” (according to the UNCLOS 1982) match each other and are only applied to the water layers above the seabed.
International waters play an important role in activities of every country. Thus, to ensure the benefits of all countries, the UNCLOS 1982 stipulated the legal regime of the seas in a detailed, specific manner. Accordingly, coastal and land-locked States are all allowed to use the international waters, which is called the freedom of the high seas. Freedom of the high seas was specified in the Article 87 of the UNCLOS 1982, including: freedom of navigation; freedom of overflight; freedom to lay submarine cables and pipelines, subject to conditions related to continental shelf; freedom to construct artificial islands and other installations permitted under international law, subject to the conditions on continental shelf; freedom of fishing, subject to the conditions concerning preservation and management of resources of the high seas; freedom of scientific research, subject to conditions regarding continental shelf, marine scientific research and regime of islands. When exercising these freedoms, a State must respect the benefits of the others and comply with regulations on the rights recognized by the UNCLOS 1982 related to operations in the high seas, such as protection of marine environment, preservation of marine resources, safety of navigation, cooperation on combating piracy, and so on. The UNCLOS 1982 also specified that the high seas are used for the peaceful purposes and that no country shall claim sovereignty over some area of the high seas.
Promoting and maintaining the freedom of the high seas represent an indispensable demand of both coastal and land-locked countries for the sake of national development, which is their official right. However, to ensure that freedom of the high seas is exercised equally, every country should strictly observe regulations set by the UNCLOS 1982 towards a sustainable, peaceful, and increasingly prosperous world.
Nguyen Van Su
high seas,UNCLOS,freedom
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Artillery Corps in the Dien Bien Phu Campaign - lessons for today
After 56 days of fighting, the VPA’s fledgling Artillery Corps accomplished successfully its mission to suppress and destroy the enemy’s artillery sites, controlled the airfields, destroy its headquarters and installations, disrupt logistic lines of communication, and effectively support the infantry to surround and destroy every fortification and the whole fortified complex of Dien Bien Phu, making important contribution to a world-shaking victory
Present coordination between national defence and security education centres
The Infantry Division 324 focuses on building comprehensively strong units
Preventing the manifestations of “Self-evolution” and “self-transformation” in the Military today
Basic rules for maritime delimitation and Vietnam’s stance
Governing, leading role of the Communist Party of Viet Nam: Achievements and vision
Solutions to improve technical capabilities for defence operations at coastal provinces and cities
Issues on banning nuclear weapons and preventing radiation and nuclear incidents
The Military Region 5’s armed forces in the vanguard of natural disaster prevention and control
Registered at Ministry of Information and Communications No. 389/GP-BTTTT 01-02-2013.
Editor-in-chief: Major General Do Hong Lam, Ph.D.
Deputy Editors-in-chief: Senior Colonel Nguyen Van Bay, Ph.D., Senior Colonel Ta Quang Chuyen, M.A., Senior Colonel Do Hai Au, M.A., Senior Colonel Nguyen Manh Tuan, M.A.
Copyright © National Defence Journal 2013. All rights reserved
Add: 38A Ly Nam De str – Hoan Kiem dist – Ha Noi
Tel: (84) 38.457.044 – Fax: (84) 37.479.956 - Email: quocphongtoandan@viettel.vn
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Teacher Education Accreditation Council
Updates and Clarifications
Appendices and Formats
Goals & Principles
Comment on Members and Programs
Accreditation Status Designations
TEAC Members
CAEP
Accreditation Panel
Consulting Auditors
Godfrey Saunders
Member of the Board of Directors
Godfrey Saunders has spent the last 32 years serving in public education as a science teacher, counselor and school administrator. He earned his bachelor’s degree in science education and his master’s degree in counseling from Western Montana College. His Doctorate of Education was earned at Montana State University.
Godfrey has and continues to serve on many boards. He is delighted to have the opportunity to be part of TEAC’s Board of Directors. Currently, Godfrey is the Director of the Principal Leadership Academy for Hamilton County, TN, training assistant principals for the principalship.
Godfrey and his wife (Darcy) have been married for 32 years and have five adult children.
One Dupont Circle NW
101 Willard Hall
TEAC, One Dupont Circle NW Suite 320, Washington, DC 20036
© 2010 TEAC. All rights reserved.
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Revisiting the MCU: Captain America: The First Avenger
As we move through the Marvel Cinematic Universe, our next film is Captain America: The First Avenger. As I sat down to watch this movie, I was going to try to be as unbiased as possible, but it’s hard because Cap is my favorite of the Avengers, and there is a lot I like about this movie, even if there is a lot that I don’t. The hard part is that the stuff I like I really like, and it can out weigh the stuff I don’t like and maybe I don’t notice it as much.
I really like Chris Evans as Captain America. I wasn’t sure at first, because I couldn’t get past him as the Human Torch in Fantastic Four, and Johnny Storm and Steve Rogers are two totally different personalities. Once I saw the movie, though, it’s hard for me to remember him as the Human Torch at all. He does a great job pulling off the clean-cut, always do the right character of Steve Rogers, and equally as Captain America.
I also like how they built up the character of Steve Rogers as he is becoming Captain America. The scenes during his boot camp are some of my favorites in the movie. Particularly when he brings down the flag pole to give the flag to his drill sergeant so he doesn’t have to keep running, and when they throw in the dummy grenade and he throws himself on it. Those are moments that define who Captain America is before he is Captain America. It shows that there is more to him than his powers that come from the super serum. I also chuckle when he is trying to enlist and he meets Dr. Erskine for the first time, and he thinks he has been caught lying to enlist. And of course, another defining statement is when he is asked by Dr. Erskine if he wants to go over to Germany to kill some Nazis. He responds by saying he doesn’t want to kill anyone, but he doesn’t like a bully. That’s Captain America in a nutshell.
Overall, I always enjoy this movie, it is fun, it is exciting in parts, and I love Captain America, so mostly it’s a win. However, there are a few plot details that drive me nuts. The US government, and especially a US government that later has an organization like SHIELD, would never spend that much money and time and resources to create a super soldier, have it be successful and then not use him for combat. It’s just kind of silly. I struggle with that every time. When Tommy Lee Jones says he was promised an army, and all he got was Rogers, and he wasn’t enough, it’s almost laughable. So, basically, you didn’t get your army, so your still going to go and try to win the fight against Hydra without the one weapon you did get. Seems reasonable. No, the reality is that Rogers would have been on the first boat to Germany and sent to the front lines. Of course he only gets there after spending time as a glorified dancing Uncle Sam, and then going awol to find his missing friend. That’s when the army realizes, “Hey, you know this super powered guy we have that can do almost anything? Maybe we should use him to do stuff.”
Other than that, the film is pretty watchable. It runs a little cheesy and over the top at times, but Captain America was originally cheesy and over the top. This isn’t really our introduction to the modern Cap, it’s our introduction to who Cap was during World War II, and it gets him to our time with the whole freezing thing. Really, it’s a 2 hour set up for later jokes, like in the Avengers when he gets excited because he got a reference to Wizard of Oz. We laugh because we know he just barely got thawed and was stepping out go 1945. It is a film to establish frame of mind, so we understand who Cap was and who he is. In Winter Soldier, we get the modern Cap, and he is awesome, but that is a review for another day.
What did you think of First Avenger? How does it stack up tot he preceding Marvel films like Iron Man and Thor? Let me know in the comments. Always love hearing from you.
We get a good glimpse at who Steve Rogers was and how he became Captain America, but then we waste an hour while he sings and dances his way across the USA.
Jake Dietz
Jake Dietz is a humble bank employee by day, and super dad to 5 little monsters by night. He enjoys all things geeky. That's why he started this blog. He considers himself a member of many fandoms, and dreams of the day when all geeks, everywhere, can find a way to live together in harmony.
This entry was posted in Marvel, Movies and tagged Captain America, Marvel on April 4, 2015 by Jake Dietz.
About Jake Dietz
View all posts by Jake Dietz →
← New Who Turns 10! Revisiting the MCU: The Avengers →
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SAME OLD, SAME OLD WHITE BOYS LEADING STRATEGY SESSION FOR HILLARY: A Look At Her “Boys”
By Eileen McGann on November 25, 2014
At the day long strategy session for Ready For Hillary donors in New York City last week, the old familiar faces of Clinton hanger-ons led the charge. And I do mean old – in every sense of the word. They’re either septuagenarians or old news. Think the opposite of cutting edge. And with few exceptions, they were tied to Hillary’s disastrous 2008 campaign.
The speaker “strategists” were dominated by old hacks and old white men. They’re one or the other. And most of them tried unconvincingly to convince the audience that they were in for a long hard campaign. That’s the language they use to rev up the donors and keep the money coming. That’s the message from Hillaryland. Even though they all think she is inevitable, they don’t want that perception out there.But once they get away from that group and their script, some of them quickly change their tune.
Seventy-five year old Harold Ickes warned the group that it could be a tough fight and a Hillary victory was not “inevitable.” Harold was one of the masterminds of her disastrous 2008 campaign. His particular area of expertise was the party “rules.” But the campaign apparently didn’t understand the “proportional representation rule” and Hillary lost.
Seventy-year old James Carville attacked the idea of inevitability: “It’s stupid. It’s a stupid perception.”I just think it’s coming from inexperienced people that don’t know what they’re talking about.” Presumably he wasn’t talking about himself or his ex-partner, Paul Begala. Because two days later, he told George Stephanopolous: “There’s not much appetite in the Democratic party and around the country for somebody other than Hillary Clinton. Sounds like he was saying she’s inevitable, doesn’t it? But he’s not inexperienced, although he hasn’t officially worked in a presidential campaign since 1992. Was he talking about Begala?
Begala, 53, is one of the younger boys, He’s insisted that its Hillary or no one for the Democrats.He’s also written that Hillary won’t be dragged down by Obama, as McCain was by Bush because “Obama won’t be as unpopular as Bush.” Earth to Begala: See polling by every reputable survey research company, Mr. Begala. Begala’s book Third Term argued that A McCain presidency would just be a Bush third term, promoting all the same policies. See any analogy here, Paul?
Begala may also have a big problem with Hillary. He was recently quoted as saying he didn’t like Chelsea Clinton and din’t believe that her “vanilla, good girl” image was real. Whoa! Those are tough words coming from a sycophantic Clinton supporter. Like any parents, the Clintons, especially Hillary, don’t like criticism of their daughter. (Remember NBC’s David Shuster who reported that the Clintons were “pimping out’ Chelsea during the campaign. He was suspended for two weeks after the Clintons put massive pressure on the NBC Board) So don’t look for Begala in any leadership role.
Then there’s Jonathan Mantz, the forner Finance Director of the Hillary 2008 campaign, was scheduled to speak. Mantz oversaw finances in the 2008 Hilllary campaign. Remember when they ran out of money and Hillary had to lend the campaign $13.5 million from her personal money? The campaign was broke when they desperately needed the money to compete.
While Mantz is under 70, he’s one of the ultimate Washington insiders. Mantz is an uber corporate lobbyist. From 2005-2007, he worked at the Podesta Matoon lobbying firm. The Podesta in that name is Tony Podesta, brother of John Podesta, counsel to Obama on how to run the government by sidestepping Congress. John Podesta is also the likely campaign chairman for Hillary’s 2016 campaign. While a principal at the firm. Mantz represented Altria, the parent company of Phillip Morris, Blackstone, BP, GE, PHARMA, ATT, Textron. The firm also represented Tyco, Wal-MArt, Lockheed Martin, and Pfizer. They’re thick with major corporations. Mantz left Podesta in 2007 abad moved over to BGR Group, where he’s been ever since. Over there, he’s represented the AFL/CIO, Chevron, Toyota, Comcast, PHARMA. You get the picture. He also worked for Senator Tom Daschle and various campaign committees. Talk about same old, same old.
Then there’s Craig T. Smith, former aid to Bill Clinton in Arkansas and a Polticial Director at the Clinton White House employee and Campaign Manager for Al Gore. He’s been around the insider block a few times. Craig is a long-time Clinton crony. He started in the Arkansas Governor’s Office and has followed along ever since. Nothing new there.
The only refreshing face at the Ready For Hillary day was
Stephanie Schriock, the almost 40 President of Emily’s List. Schrinock is a rising star in the Democratic Party and is not tied to the old faces, old races of Hillary and Bill Clinton. There are rumors that she will be Hillary’s Campaign Manager.
That would be a brilliant move by Hillary and would knock the old boys back to their retirement home.
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My Heart Is a Drunken Compass
With his trademark tragic-comical voice and arresting storytelling, Domingo Martinez once again delivers a deeply personal memoir full of wry asides and poignant, thoughtful reflections in his new book My Heart Is a Drunken Compass. His first book shockingly ended with his fiancé Stephanie plummeting off the side of an overpass in Seattle, after having a seizure while driving. He now chronicles this painful episode in his life, with flashbacks to their tenuous romantic relationship, and how her accident and subsequent coma ultimately causes him to unravel emotionally. This pivotal moment, which began with an alarming call in the middle of the night, parallels another gut-wrenching experience from the past when his youngest brother’s life hangs in the balance.
Martinez once again brilliantly examines the complicated connections between family, friends, and loved ones. Feeling estranged from his family in Texas over the years, isolated and alone in Seattle, he turns to writing as a therapeutic tool. The underlying themes of addiction and recovery and their powerful impact on family dynamics also emerge within the narrative, as he struggles with his inner demons. These two traumatic life events actually bring Martinez closer to the family that he has in many ways spend years trying to deny, strengthening their bonds and healing old wounds. When Martinez falls apart completely, he finds his family, his redemption, and a new beginning with the love of his life, who encourages him to write his way out of the pain in order to save his own life.
About Martinez, Domingo
Domingo Martinez is the New York Times bestselling author of The Boy Kings of Texas and was a Finalist for the National Book Award. The Boy Kings of Texas has been optioned by HBO for an original series through Salma Hayek’s production company, Ventanarosa. Martinez’s work has appeared in Texas Monthly, The New Republic, Saveur Magazine, and more. He has also appeared on NPR’s All Things Considered and This American Life as well as The Diane RehmShow.
The Voice of James M. Cain Madden, David
Faraway Horses Brannaman, Buck
The Big Policeman Conway, J. North
My Heart Is a Drunken Compass Martinez, Domingo
Newsmaker Beard, Patricia
Toni Tennille Tennille, Toni
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Tadeusz Szlenkier - tenor
Tadeusz Szlenkier
Slideshow i Mediaplayer
Najbliższe występy:
Tadeusz Szlenkier tenor, graduated from philosophy at the University of Warsaw, and vocal studies at Yale University. In 2005 he won the First Prize at the International Vocal Competition Klassik-Mania in Vienna.
In the years 2010-2017 he was collaborating with Opera Nova in Bydgoszcz in Poland where he sung such parts as: Alfredo in G. Verdi’s La traviata, Rodolfo in G. Puccini’s La bohème, the Prince in A. Dvorak’s Rusalka, Enzo in A. Ponchielli’s La Gioconda, Tamino in W. A. Mozart’s Die Zauberflöte, Barinkay in J. Strauss’s Der Zigeunerbaron and Alfred in J. Strauss’s Die Fledermaus. During his career he also performed such significant parts as Gustavo in Un ballo in maschera by G. Verdi, Leicester in Maria Stuarda by G. Donizetti, Jontek in Halka by S. Moniuszko, and Pinkerton in Madama Butterfly by G. Puccini. The artist performs also with oratorio repertoire such as Messa da Requiem by G. Verdi, Symphony No. 9 by L. v. Beethoven, and Requiem by W. A. Mozart.
In March 2008, Tadeusz Szlenkier was invited by Mrs. Elżbieta Penderecka to take part in a concert performance of L. Cherubini’s opera Lodoïska during the 12th Ludwig van Beethoven Easter Festival in Warsaw. The recording of this concert was later nominated to the prestigious Fryderyk award...
Copyright: Piena Voce 2019
Obserwuj @takaszte
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Winnipeg Folk Festival Birds Hill Park, Winnipeg MB - July 10 to 13, 2003
By Stacey Abramson
The big guns were pulled out as the Winnipeg Folk Festival celebrated its 30th anniversary this year. With big name acts from all over the world, including Ani Difranco, the Waifs, and Buddy Guy, the festival was packed with amazing music for the entire weekend. Kathleen Edwards celebrated her 25th birthday on the Friday night stage, playing songs off her successful first album and commenting on how her application was once rejected by the festival years ago. The tall, kind cowboy Corb Lund also shone throughout the weekend, first in a Carter/Cash workshop doing a fabulous version of "The Hockey Song," (Stompin' Tom, he noted, is Canada's Johnny Cash), and then later in the weekend with his band on a stage all to themselves. Captivating to watch and listen to, Mexico's Son De Madera brought their fabulous blend of world rhythms to the main stage, showcasing not only their musical abilities but also their dancing capabilities as they pranced their way through their performance. Eccentric folk legend Leon Redbone put on a weird and wonderful set on Saturday evening's main stage, with a grace that appeared as if he was playing for an intimate group in his living room. The most anticipated act of the weekend was Billy Bragg. With his easy charm, smart political messages and witty stories, Bragg eased through his set, winning the crowd over with his obvious excitement for playing the festival. Some of the best music however, was coming from the festival's own backyard, as local favourites Nathan and the D-Rangers both put on a few fantastic sets throughout the weekend. Possibly the best thing to come out of Winnipeg in a while, Nathan played wonderfully each time they graced the stage. Lead singer Kari McTighe and back-up vocalist/accordion/banjo player Shelley Bilwitch's curious lyrics, in combination with their powerful high-ranged vocals, made each performance more engaging than the last. In the last set for the day stages on Sunday afternoon, and the definite highlight of the entire weekend, Peterborough's the Silver Hearts took the stage. They entertained the hot humid crowd with their captivating blend of Dixieland meets Jim Jarmusch music, making for a strange, splendid set and also the perfect ending to a wonderful festival.
WINNIPEG FOLK FEST
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It's no secret that Sonor Music Editions has a thing for '70s Italian library label New Tape. After all, the reissue hub has not only recent...
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Global Broadband Stats
Global Broadband Stats.
The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development addresses issues arising from the “digital economy”, the developing global information infrastructure and the evolution towards a global information society.
They say broadband has increased during 2005 from 136 million in June 2005 to 158 million by December 2005. Broadband penetration growth in the OECD held steady at 15% in the second half of the year reaching 13.6 subscribers per 100 inhabitants in December.
Main highlights from the second half of 2005 are:
In December 2005, four countries (Iceland, Korea, the Netherlands and Denmark) led the OECD in broadband penetration, each with more than 25 subscribers per 100 inhabitants.
Iceland now leads the OECD with a broadband penetration rate of 26.7 subscribers per 100 inhabitants.
Korea’s broadband market is advancing to the next stage of development where existing subscribers switch platforms for increased bandwidth. In Korea, fibre-based broadband connections grew 52.4% during 2005. This switchover effect is evident by the net loss of DSL (-3.3%) and cable (-1.7%) subscribers during the year.
The strongest per-capita subscriber growth came from Iceland, Finland, Norway, the Netherlands and Australia. Each country added more than 6 subscribers per 100 inhabitants during 2005.
Japan leads the OECD in fibre-to-the-premises (FTTP) with 4.6 million fibre subscribers at the end of 2005. Fibre subscribers alone in Japan outnumber total broadband subscribers in 21 of the 30 OECD countries.
DSL is still the leading platform in 28 OECD countries. Cable subscribers outnumber DSL in Canada and the United States.
The United States has the largest total number of broadband subscribers in the OECD at 49 million. US broadband subscribers represent 31% of all broadband connections in the OECD. It's 12th ranked in percent of broadband subscribers.
Canada leads the G7 group of industrialized countries in broadband penetration
The breakdown of broadband technologies in December 2005 is as follows:
o DSL: 62%
o Cable modem: 31%
o Other technologies (e.g. satellite, fibre and fixed wireless) : 7%
Last updated on 11 April 2006
[dailywireless.org]
Published April 15, 2006 By admin
The IT Value Matrix
Shut up and get 'er done!
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MN State
Administration on Aging Administration on Aging - All Americans - including people with disabilities and older adults - should be able to live at home with the supports they need, participating in communities that value their contributions. To help meet these needs, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) created a new organization, the Administration for Community Living (ACL). ACL brings together the efforts and achievements of the Administration on Aging, the Administration on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, and the HHS Office on Disability to serve as the Federal agency responsible for increasing access to community supports, while focusing attention and resources on the unique needs of older Americans and people with disabilities across the lifespan.
Adult Day Care Adult Day Care - Adult day care centers are senior care locations that are open during normal business hours and provide various care services, supervision and social interaction for the elderly. Seniors generally attend adult day care on a scheduled basis which can provide relief to caretakers, such as family members or caregivers. Seniors who attend adult day care can benefit from the increased companionship and social interaction with others.
Air Force Inns Air Force Inns - This organization, created by the marriage of Morale, Welfare, and Recreation (MWR) and Services, provides the Air Force a unique capability to provide both combat support and community services anywhere in support of Global Reach and Global Power.
American Addiction Centers American Addiction Centers - Our mission is to provide quality, comprehensive, compassionate and innovative care to adults struggling with alcohol and/or drug conditions and mental/behavioral health issues. Through research-based and empathetic care we instill hope that long-term recovery is possible. Our purpose and passion is to empower the individual, his/her family, and the community through the promotion of optimal wellness of the mind, body, and spirit.
America's Waterway Watch America's Waterway Watch - America's Waterway Watch is a public outreach program encouraging participants to simply report suspicious activity to the Coast Guard and/or other law enforcement agencies. Unlike some Neighborhood Watch programs, for example, you are not formally joining an organization -- there are no meetings, membership cards or membership requirements -- and you do not become an agent of the Coast Guard or any other law enforcement agency.
Amvets AMVETS - For more than 60 years, we in AMVETS have taken to heart the credo of service set forth by our organization's founding fathers. In so doing, we endeavor to provide our fellow veterans with the type of support they truly deserve.
Answers Answers - Answers.com is your free "one-stop shop" with instant information on over 4 million topics. We deliver useful answers in a snap. Look up any word or phrase for the best definition or explanation on the Web. Not lists of links... just the information you're looking for.
Armed Forces Retirement Home Armed Forces Retirement Home - For more than a century and a half, veteran airmen, Marines, sailors and soldiers have enjoyed the finest lifestyles in their retirement.
Armed Forces Vacation Club Armed Forces Vacation Club - The Armed Forces Vacation Club - (AFVC) is a "space available" program that offers military and other Department of Defense-affiliated personnel the opportunity to enjoy vacations at popular destinations around the world - for the incredibly low price of just $369* USD per unit, per week.
Army Lodging Army Lodging - Army lodging welcomes all official and unofficial travelers! The U.S. Army has lodging facilities located on several installations and posts.
Asbestos.com Asbestos.com - Our Veterans Assistance Department is available to help with your asbestos-related VA Claims as well as assist you with questions about other forms of financial compensation.
Assisted Living Facilities Assisted Living Facilities - Assisted living has emerged as a popular senior living option for those elderly people seeking a place to reside that offers medical monitoring and minor medical care while still offering personal privacy and freedom. Assisted living is licensed and regulated at the state level, which makes for a wide range of differences among assisted living communities.
Board of Corrections for Naval Records Board of Corrections for Naval Records - The Board for Correction of Naval Records (BCNR) was created by Congress in 1946 to provide a method for correction of errors or removal of injustices from current and former Navy and Marine Corps member's records without the necessity for private legislation.
Burial & Memorial Home Burial & Memorial Home - A wealth of information for anything related to burial and memorial benefits, headstones and markers, military funeral honors, burial flags and allowances, national gravesite locator to federal benefits for veterans and dependants, and more.
Burial Flags Burial Flags - A United States flag is provided, at no cost, to drape the casket or accompany the urn of a deceased Veteran who served honorably in the U. S. Armed Forces. It is furnished to honor the memory of a Veteran's military service to his or her country. VA will furnish a burial flag for memorialization for each other than dishonorable discharged.
VA Caregiver Support VA Caregiver Support - VA knows your focus as a Family Caregiver is taking care of the Veteran you love. It can be an incredibly demanding job, and we want you to know you don't have to do it alone. Learn more about the support and services VA offers Family Caregivers.
Caregiver Resource Directory Caregiver Resource Directory - A serious wound, illness, or injury doesn't just significantly change a Service member's life. As the caregiver of a recovering Service member, your life has changed significantly as well and you are now facing new and demanding challenges. With many organizations offering different types of help and services, it can be difficult to sort out the specific type of help or services best suited for your needs. Therefore, this directory was formulated with you - the caregiver - as its primary focus. It was designed to provide information in a manner that enables you to quickly identify many of the available resources that address your particular needs and requirements. In addition, this directory serves as another tangible demonstration from a grateful nation that you are not in this alone!
Carlton County Veterans Service Office Veterans Service Office - It is an honor for us to provide assistance and support to veterans and their dependents in obtaining veterans benefits through county, state, and federal programs. We act as an advocate on their behalf and assist with submitting the correct paperwork to establish, increase,or maintain proven benefits or disabilities.
Cold War Certificate Cold War Certificate - In accordance with section 1084 of the Fiscal Year 1998 National Defense Authorization Act, the Secretary of Defense approved awarding Cold War Recognition Certificates to all members of the armed forces and qualified federal government civilian personnel who faithfully and honorably served the United States anytime during the Cold War era, which is defined as Sept. 2, 1945 to Dec. 26, 1991.
College Opportunities Online College Opportunities Online - IPEDS is a single, comprehensive system designed to encompass all institutions and education organizations whose primary purpose is to provide postsecondary education. IPEDS is built around a series of interrelated components that collect institution-level data in such areas as enrollments, program completions, graduation rates, faculty, staff, finances, institutional prices, and student financial aid.
Congress.gov Congress.gov - Congress.gov is the official source for federal legislative information. It replaces the nearly 20-year-old THOMAS.gov site with a system that includes platform mobility, comprehensive information retrieval and user-friendly presentation. It currently includes all data sets available on THOMAS.gov except nominations, treaties and communications. These data sets will be added throughout 2014. Until that time they are still accessible through THOMAS.gov via the link below. THOMAS.gov will be permanently retired by the end of 2014.
Credit Critics Credit Critics - Credit Critics goal is to provide transparent and simple to understand information to consumers about credit. Everyone requires the use of credit, whether to purchase a home, finance an education or simply to help make everyday purchases without the need of carrying excessive amounts of cash. Without the right knowledge, consumers are left without the information they need to make informed choices.
Department of Defense Veterans Department of Defense Veterans - The Department of Defense (DOD) provides employment opportunities for men and women who honorably served on behalf of our Nation. As the largest Federal employer of Veterans, we are committed to providing every Veteran who wants to serve our country as a DOD civil servant the opportunity to do so.
Department of Veterans Affairs Department of Veterans Affairs - Our goal is to provide excellence in patient care, veterans' benefits and customer satisfaction. We have reformed our department internally and are striving for high quality, prompt and seamless service to veterans. Our department's employees continue to offer their dedication and commitment to help veterans get the services they have earned. Our nation's veterans deserve no less.
Department of Veterans Affairs Department of Veterans Affairs - Federal Benefits for Veterans, Dependents and Survivors - At today's VA, especially in the Office of Public and Intergovernmental Affairs (OPIA), we focus on creative and innovative ways to connect with Vets, the media and other stakeholders. OPIA's mission is to completely change the way we talk to Vets and the media. We want to communicate with each of the over 22 million veterans, their families and their survivors in their preferred medium, tone, time and frequency. We'll get there faster if we go together.
DFAS Defense Finance and Accounting Services - In 1991, the Secretary of Defense created the Defense Finance and Accounting Service to reduce the cost of Defense Department finance and accounting operations and to strengthen financial management through consolidation of finance and accounting activities across the department.
Disabled American Veterans Disabled American Veterans - With more than 1.2 million members, Disabled American Veterans is an organization of disabled veterans who are focused on building better lives for disabled veterans and their families.
Disabled Veterans National Foundation Disabled Veterans National Foundation - The Disabled Veterans National Foundation exists to change the lives of men and women who came home wounded or sick after defending our safety and our freedom. The Disabled Veterans National Foundation works to advance a number of current issues that impact the lives of disabled veterans and their families.
Education Department of Education - ED was created in 1980 by combining offices from several federal agencies. Its original directive remains its mission today - to ensure equal access to education and to promote educational excellence throughout the nation.
Military Education Benefits Users Guide Military Education Benefits Users Guide - Military service offers several education benefits, but trying to use them can be confusing. This compact users guide will help you to use your education benefits wisely and get the most bang for your benefits buck.
My Military Education My Military Education - is inclusive of all Minnesota Higher Education institutions including Minnesota State Colleges and Universities, the University of Minnesota and Minnesota private colleges and universities.
Federal Jobs Federal Jobs - The US Office of Personnel Management - Recruiting, Retaining and Honoring a World-Class Workforce to Serve the American People.
Federal Long-Term Care Insurance Program Federal Long-Term Care Insurance Program - The Federal Program is designed to help protect enrollees against the high costs of long term care. Personal access to registered nurse care coordinators, and home care provisions are just a few of the reasons why the Federal Program may be the smart choice for you.
Female Veterans and Drug Addiction Female Veterans and Drug Addiction - Coming back home after serving in the military can be a very challenging time for those who have bravely served our country. The National Conference of State Legislatures states that the “transition from military to civilian life varies for each female veteran just as it does for male veterans. Though many women reintegrate with ease, others may struggle either initially or months down the road.
GI Bill GI Bill - On June 22, 1944, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt signed into law one of the most significant pieces of legislation ever produced by the United States government: The Service members' Readjustment Act of 1944, commonly known as the GI Bill of Rights.
GovTrack.us GovTrack.us - Use GovTrack to keep tabs on your representatives in Congress or to research pending legislation that might impact your life or business. We bring together the status of U.S. federal legislation, voting records, congressional district maps, and more. Most of the information is assembled in an automated way by scanning federal government websites. GovTrack openly shares the data it brings together so that other websites can build other tools to help citizens engage with government.
Hire Vets First Hire Vets First - The Presidents National Hire Veteran's Committee, which was created by the Jobs for Veterans Act (Public Law 107-288), has designed this website to help employers find qualified veterans, and to help veterans make the best use of a national network of employer resources.
Help Homeless Veterans Help Homeless Veterans - Help VA spread the word about our mission to end Veteran homelessness by 2015. Order brochures, posters and other materials to distribute in your VA facility or through community organizations.
Help for American Veterans Help for American Veterans - Over one million brave men and women serve in our armed forces, protecting our country in the Air Force, Army, Coast Guard, Marine Corps, and Navy. As any serving veteran will know, this is not an occupation that can last forever. Injury, age or familial circumstances can ensure that any honorable American may find themselves discharged from the military, and the transition to civilian life can be a struggle. The government offers advice on how to prepare for your change in circumstances, but help is at hand from a number of sources.
Homecare & Hospice Homecare & Hospice - The National Association for Home Care & Hospice (NAHC) is a nonprofit organization that represents the nation's 33,000 home care and hospice organizations. NAHC also advocates for the more than two million nurses, therapists, aides and other caregivers employed by such organizations to provide in-home services to some 12 million Americans each year who are infirm, chronically ill, and disabled. Along with its advocacy, NAHC provides information to help its members maintain the highest quality of care and is committed to excellence in every respect.
Home Healthcare Agencies Home Healthcare Agencies - Home health care companies offer a wide range of skilled medical services such as nursing care, physical therapy and occupational therapy from qualified medical professionals in addition to various services from home health aides. Other home care companies might offer assistance with daily activities, such as bathing and eating. Home care services are conducted in the comfort of your home.
Inns of the Corps Inns of the Corps - Temporary Lodging Facilities offer short-term housing accommodations for military members, their families, and guests. The mission of the Temporary Lodging Facility is to provide quality accommodations at a reasonable price.
Join the Elite Join the Elite - You understand that you share a unique bond with other veterans of overseas conflicts and those who wear this country's uniform. Regardless of what conflict you've served in - from World War II to the present day Global War On Terror, you can join with others who feel the same. Join the VFW. You've earned it.
Joint POW / MIA Accounting Command Joint POW / MIA Accounting Command - The mission of the Joint POW/MIA Accounting Command (JPAC) is to achieve the fullest possible accounting of all Americans missing as a result of the nation's past conflicts. The highest priority of the organization is the return of any living Americans that remain prisoners of war. To date, the U.S. government has not found any evidence that there are still American POWs in captivity from past U.S. conflicts.
Legal Assistance Armed Force Legal Assistance - is offered as a service to our clients and is a small part of the full-spectrum of legal services we offer to America's Armed Forces. We serve the Armed Forces by mastering our unique Core Competencies and help advance the contributions of air, land, sea, and space power in defense of our national interests. We will continue to furnish you accurate and timely information through this forum to enhance your readiness.
Legislative Reports Legislative Reports - From this Minnesota Department of Veterans Affairs website you can keep up to date with the current State and Federal Legislation to include Bill Trackers so you can see who authored the Bill and what action is being taken on that Bill. You can even pull up some archived Bills
Make the Connection Make the Connection - Connecting Veterans and their friends and family members with information, resources, and solutions to issues affecting their health, well-being, and everyday lives. Hear inspiring stories of strength. Learn what has worked for other Veterans. Discover positive steps you can take all in the words of Veterans just like you.
Marine Corps History Marine Corps History - Welcome to the official United States Marine Corps History Division web site. This site provides a variety of information about the Division and more importantly on the history and traditions of the United States Marine Corps.
Medicare & Medicaid Services Medicare & Medicaid Services - CMS covers 100 million people through Medicare, Medicaid, the Children's Health Insurance Program and soon, through the Health Insurance Marketplace. But coverage isn't our only goal. To achieve a high quality health care system, we also aim for better care at lower costs and improved health. But, we can't and we don't, do it alone. We need your help to find the way forward to a better health care system for all Americans.
Memorial Day Foundation Memorial Day Foundation - The Memorial Day Foundation's mission is to increase awareness and respect for Memorial Day. We are trying to fulfill our mission by involving the public in our historical and traditional ways of remembering Memorial Day. One of these traditional ways is with flowers. The gift of flowers at a memorial site is a ritual that occurs around the world in every culture. As you probably know our own Memorial Day began as Decoration Day, when on the 30th of May Americans would decorate the graves of Civil War Veterans with flowers.
Mesothelioma Fund Mesothelioma Fund - Patient Support LLC was created to help the victims of asbestos exposure get the compensation they deserve. We offer free resources and services for mesothelioma patients and their family members. Our goal is to help mesothelioma victims obtain compensation from money that has been set aside by companies in asbestos trust funds. We encourage patients and families to connect with one of our experienced Patient Advocate if they need quick answers to their questions.
Mesothelioma Group Mesothelioma Group - The Mesothelioma Group is the premier online resource for mesothelioma education. Our organization is dedicated to spreading awareness of mesothelioma risk factors to prevent exposure and save lives. We are a community that fosters support for those affected by this aggressive type of cancer, and walk by your side as a partner and guide every step of the way.
Mesothelioma Guide Mesothelioma Guide- Our mission is to guide mesothelioma patients and their loved ones toward answers, care options, and free health solutions that improve their lives. Mesothelioma Guide was founded with over a decade of experience serving the mesothelioma community and a commitment to creating a better environment for patients and family members.
Mesothelioma Help Mesothelioma Help- MesotheliomaHelp.org is a comprehensive resource for those affected by asbestos-related diseases, such as mesothelioma, lung cancer and asbestosis. A diagnosis of these cancers can feel overwhelming, but you don’t have to deal with it alone. On this site, you can find solutions and connect with others in our community.
Mesothelioma Lawyer Center Mesothelioma Lawyer Center- as useful as asbestos-laden materials might be, they also pose serious health risks to those who are exposed to them. Long-term exposure to the sub-microscopic fibers found in asbestos causes several serious illnesses that affect the lungs, the heart, and other organs, including a rare form of cancer known as malignant mesothelioma. Consequently, there are now a multitude of veterans who suffer from life-threatening health issues.
Pleural Mesothelioma Pleural Mesothelioma - Asbestos exposure can lead to the development of mesothelioma, a rare and aggressive cancer. Unfortunately, veterans comprise approximately 30 percent of all mesothelioma diagnoses and many veterans were exposed to asbestos during military service.
Mesothelioma Veterans Center Mesothelioma Veterans Center - The Mesothelioma Veterans Center was created to provide information and assistance to veterans regarding treatment, clinical trials, and VA benefits for veterans suffering from asbestos illnesses. The MVC was founded by retired Navy LCDR Carl Jewett. Commander Jewett is a VA-accredited claims agent and has helped hundreds of veterans get approved for their VA benefits after developing mesothelioma or asbestos related lung cancer from their asbestos exposure in the military.
Military.com Military.com - We started Military.com in 1999 to revolutionize the way the 30 million Americans with military affinity stay connected and informed. Today, we're the largest military and veteran membership organization -8 million members strong. Military.com's free membership connects service members, military families and veterans to all the benefits of service - government benefits, scholarships, discounts, lifelong friends, mentors, great stories of military life or missions, and much more.
Military Exposures Military Exposures -Veterans may have been exposed to a range of chemical, physical, and environmental hazards during military service.
Military History Military History- Overviews, events, people and links to resources on major U.S. conflicts that have shaped U.S. military history. Letters, reminiscences and first-hand accounts -- find out what it's like to be in the military, during war and peace. Also see our Famous Veterans page for military profiles on familiar faces and names! Get insight on major events in military history.
Military One Source Military One Source - Whether its help with child care, personal finances, emotional support during deployments, relocation information, or resources needed for special circumstances, Military One Source is there for military personnel and their families... 24/7/365!
Military Warriors Support Foundation Military Warriors Support Foundation - The Military Warriors Support Foundation was founded in 2007 by retired 3 Star General, Leroy Sisco. General Sisco has a great understanding of the many challenges our heroes face after being injured in service to our country and has a tireless determination to assist those in greatest need.
Minnesota State Veterans Benefits Minnesota State Veterans Benefits - The state of Minnesota provides several veteran benefits. This section offers a brief description of each of the following benefits - Housing Benefits - Employment Benefits - Education Benefits - Other State Veteran Benefits
Minnesota Women Veterans Program Minnesota Women Veterans Program - The mission of the Minnesota Women Veterans Program is to ensure women Veterans have equitable access to federal and state benefits and services. We respond to the gender specific needs of women Veterans and ensure that women Veterans are treated with dignity and respect. Our outreach events are geared to improve the awareness of available benefits, services, and eligibility criteria for the women who served in the United States Armed Forces.
National Archives National Archives - Of all documents and materials created in the course of business conducted by the United States Federal government, only 1%-3% are so important for legal or historical reasons that they are kept by us forever. Those valuable records are preserved and are available to you, whether you want to see if they contain clues about your family's history, need to prove a veteran's military service, or are researching an historical topic that interests you.
Navy Lodge Navy Lodge - The Navy Lodge's objective is to provide every guest affordable, clean, comfortable and well-appointed accommodations. Your satisfaction is our number one priority.
NICCS NICCS - National Initiative for Cyber-Security Careers and Studies - In November 2009, President Obama issued an executive order promoting the recruitment and employment of veterans within the Federal Government. It established an interagency Council on Veterans Employment, which is co-chaired by the Secretaries of Labor and Veterans Affairs. In support of this initiative, the Federal Government established various websites to assist Veterans with employment and training opportunities. Please visit these links to see what might apply to you. .
One Stop Career Center One Stop Career Center - Employers and jobseekers can find the services they need at a convenient Career One-Stop Center. Just enter your zip code and select the desired service's). Or just pick up the phone and dial 1-877-US-2JOBS for direct assistance!
Online Degree A Real Online Degree - The goal of A Real Online Degree is to help you skip the daunting task of research and find you the right degree, from the right university, in a format that fits your lifestyle. Whether you want to focus on business, health, public policy or criminal justice, our guide provides insights into the requirements for these types of degrees and whether or not they can be a good fit.
Operation Uplink Operation Uplink - is a unique program that keeps military personnel and hospitalized veterans in touch with their families and loved ones by providing them with a free phone card. Using contributions from supporters like you, Operation Uplink purchases phone cards and distributes them to servicemen and women who are separated from those they care about.
Positively Minnesota Positively Minnesota - We offer a variety of programs and services to help jobseekers, businesses, local units of government and others. You can navigate to the program you are looking for alphabetically below, or search for a specific program name and that program will be returned in a search results page for you.
Presidential Memorial Certificate Presidential Memorial Certificate - A Presidential Memorial Certificate (PMC) is an engraved paper certificate, signed by the current President, to honor the memory of honorably discharged deceased Veterans. Eligible recipients include the next of kin and loved ones of honorably discharged deceased Veterans. More than one certificate may be provided.
P.T.S.D. Treatment CHICAGO MEDICAL INNOVATIONS (CMI) - has been formed to operate exclusively for medical, educational, charitable and scientific purposes. This organization is in non profit compliance with Section 501(c)3 of the Internal Revenue Service.
More specifically, this corporation has been organized to research and implement effective, ongoing treatments for Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Hot Flashes (HF). CMI is committed to treating both of these conditions as biological symptoms.
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Retirement Planner Retirement Planner: Special Extra Earnings for Military Service - Did you know that if you had active duty service in the military (including active duty for training), anytime between 1957 and 2001, you may qualify for a higher social security payment. The amounts received has timeframe constraints and/or length of service criteria. This benefit is not automatic, you have to ask for it!
Reviews.com - Online Tax Software Reviews.com - Online Tax Software - Our team is made up of talented researchers who have a passion for finding the truth. Each educated, tech-savvy individual working at Reviews.com may spend upwards of a month or more researching a given product category. We have also joined forces with a number of independent experts from different industries who contribute to each of these product categories. These experts are hand-selected based on our strict criteria for finding the best of the best in each industry. None of the experts we work with are allowed to have any affiliation with the companies that we are reviewing.
Skilled Nursing Facilities Skilled Nursing Facilities - Skilled Nursing Facilities, more commonly known as nursing homes, are a healthcare option for seniors that are in need of constant medical attention. Nursing homes provide the skilled nursing care, appropriate medical monitoring and assistance with activities of daily living that many elderly persons require as they age and suffer various health setbacks.
Social Security and Disability Resource Center Social Security and Disability Resource Center - The Social Security Disability Resource Center provides information on the federal disability benefit programs, SSD (Social Security Disability, mandated under Title II of the Social Security Act) and SSI (Supplemental Security Income, mandated under Title 16), in addition to answering questions about social security retirement benefits and providing resource links on topics such as Medicare.
Space-A Travel Space-A Travel - The best resource is to contact the nearest military passenger terminal. The terminal staff will have the most current information. If you plan to travel Space A, contact the passenger terminal (s) where you plan to depart for current flight information and assistance.
Tax Software Reviews Tax Software Reviews - Online tax software is designed to help people prepare and file their taxes online. The top software providers guide users step-by-step through the preparation and filing process. These processes have become so streamlined that vast majority of Americans now file their taxes online. By providing the ability to e-file taxes and receive refunds through direct deposit, waiting around for an accountant no longer makes sense.
Together We Served Together We Served - As the largest exclusively military network of its type, Together We Served enables veterans and active duty personnel to re-connect with lost brothers and sisters, share in the camaraderie of other servicemen and women, and create a permanent record of their service so this may never be forgotten.
Thanks A Bunch Thanks A Bunch - Thanks-A-Bunch - and Military.com have come together to offer you a unique opportunity to say "thanks" to our troops, our veterans and their families (American Heroes) by providing them with a $50 Thanks-A-Bunch gift card that you can purchase for just $10 (tax deductible) to help pay for a nice meal out with family and friends.
Travel Warnings - State Department State Department Travel Warnings - Travel Warnings are issued when the State Department decides, based on all relevant information, to recommend that Americans avoid travel to a certain country.
Tricare Retiree Dental Plan Tricare Retiree Dental Plan - The TRICARE Retiree Dental Program (TRDP) enters its sixth year of operation as a record 750,000 Uniformed Services retirees and their families now look to the program for affordable dental care.
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VAntage Point VAntage Point - At VAntage Point, the official blog of the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, the old way of communicating (or not communicating) goes out the window. Here, VA employees will provide Veterans with a wealth of information. We will talk about things you might not have been aware of and we'll break down and explain processes which might have bewildered you. But it doesn't end there. If you're a student on the GI Bill, a Vietnam Vet, a VA employee, the spouse of a VA patient, or anything else, you'll have the opportunity to contribute.
Veterans Airlift Command Veterans Airlift Command - The Veterans Airlift Command provides free air transportation to wounded warriors, veterans and their families for medical and other compassionate purposes through a national network of volunteer aircraft owners and pilots.
VAi2 Innovation Initiative VAi2 Innovation Initiative- Under Secretary Shinseki's leadership, the Department of Veterans Affairs is transforming itself into a 21st-century organization that is people-centric, results-driven, and forward-looking. This journey involves a commitment to many broad challenges: to stay on the cutting edge of health care delivery; to lay the foundation for safe, secure, and authentic health record interoperability; to deliver excellent service for Veterans who apply for disability and education benefits; and to create a modern, efficient, and customer-friendly interface that all Veterans will enjoy.
VA Disability Compensation VA Disability Compensation - Disability compensation is a benefit paid to a veteran because of injuries or diseases that happened while on active duty, or were made worse by active military service. It is also paid to certain veterans disabled from VA health care. The benefits are tax-free.
VA Education - GI Bill VA Education - GI Bill - On June 22, 1944, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt signed into law one of the most significant pieces of legislation ever produced by the United States government: The Service members' Readjustment Act of 1944, commonly known as the GI Bill of Rights.
Explore VA.gov Explore VA.gov - Explore VA provides resources for Veterans and their families interested in learning about and applying for health care benefits, including benefit eligibility, the application process, specific types of health care benefits, like dental care and vision care, and spouse and dependents' compensation eligibility.
VA Health Benefits VA Health Benefits - VA is committed to providing high-quality, clinically appropriate health care - when you want and need it . This commitment includes the ability to make appointments that meet your needs, with no undue waits or delays.
VA Life Insurance VA Life Insurance - Our insurance programs were developed to provide insurance benefits for veterans and service members who may not be able to get insurance from private companies because of the extra risks involved in military service, or a service connected disability.
VA Home Loan VA Home Loan - If you’ve served in the armed forces, you’re sure to have seen lists of benefits that veterans are entitled to. Perhaps the biggest benefit of being a veteran is the VA loan. And whether you’re active duty, a service veteran, a surviving spouse or even, in some cases – a civilian, you may be eligible for a VA loan. But the VA has specific requirements that must be met before a veteran is considered eligible.
VA Mortgages VA Mortgages - The VA Loan program has allowed more than 18 million veterans to become homeowners since it was created in 1944. It was designed to provide home financing for eligible active duty and veteran personnel and their spouses.
Veteran Business Program Veteran Business Program - Our goal is to help small and veteran owned businesses contribute most effectively to the important mission of VA. Our Website provides an overview of VA's small business programs, registration for upcoming conferences for small businesses, as well as program goals and accomplishments.
Veterans Lake Veterans Lake - A new monument in Ramsey is the first in the state to honor Minnesotans who have died serving in the war on terrorism. John Enstrom unveiled the three-piece black, granite monument at his private lake in Ramsey.
Veterans Crisis Line Veterans Crisis Line - The Veterans Crisis Line connects Veterans in crisis and their families and friends with qualified, caring VA responders through a confidential, toll-free hotline and online chat. Veterans and their families and friends can call 1-800-273-8255 and Press 1 , chat online , or send a text message to 838255 to receive confidential support 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, 365 days a year.
Veterans Elder Abuse Veterans Elder Abuse - Veterans may be physically disabled or emotionally traumatized, which may increase the vulnerability to abuse. A veteran that has impediments to mobility may have trouble physically seeking help. Emotional trauma may also delay a patient from seeking help for many reasons, including fear of abandonment or pride. Abusers may understand and take advantage of these limitations.
Veterans Linkage Line Veterans Linkage Line - The MN Dept of Veterans Affairs assists Minnesota's 381,000 veterans and their dependents to obtain the benefits and services provided by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs, formerly called the Veterans Administration.
Veterans' Memorial Hall Veterans' Memorial Hall - Veterans' Memorial Hall is a joint project of the St. Louis County Historical Society and the United States Military service veterans of northeastern Minnesota, with a mission to gather, preserve, interpret, and promote the rich and diverse human experiences of veterans, their families, and communities through museum, archival, and educational programs.
Vet Power Vet Power - VetPower.org is on a mission to help our nation's heroes transition to a successful civilian life by helping them find opportunities to start and grow their own businesses. The organization provides veterans with the resources, training, networking, mentorship, and support needed for new business success.
Veteran Rehab Center Veteran Rehab Center - Substance abuse can lead to serious health problems and addiction, which is the physical dependence on drugs or alcohol. Many people who find themselves dependent don’t understand the danger they could be in. Detoxing without professional guidance could be very dangerous. At RehabCenter.net, we give you all the information you will need to choose the best rehab strategy, find aftercare support, determine whether your health insurance covers your treatment, and win back your life.
Veterans Writing Project Veterans Writing Project - The Veterans Writing Project (VWP) a 501(c)3 nonprofit organization, has several goals in mind -- primarily, to help people involved with the military tell their stories by providing tools and advice to build a foundation for good writing. The VWP sponsors no-cost writing seminars around the country where veterans can learn to write their own stories about their wartime experiences and military service.
Vietnam Virtual Wall Vietnam Virtual Wall - The Vietnam Veterans Memorial Wall in Washington DC honors the fallen of the Vietnam War. Relatives and friends leave letters, poems, and photographs there and on this web site named The Virtual Wall. We bring the Vietnam Veterans Memorial to your home.
Vocational Rehabilitation and Employment Program Vocational Rehabilitation and Employment (VR & E) Vet Success Program - The Vocational Rehabilitation and Employment (VR & E) Vet Success Program is authorized by Congress under Title 38, Code of Federal Regulations, Chapter 31. It is sometimes referred to as the Chapter 31 program. The Vet Success program assists Veterans with service-connected disabilities to prepare for, find, and keep suitable jobs.
Warrior Care Blog Warrior Care Blog - The mission of the Office of Wounded Warrior Care and Transition Policy is to ensure wounded, ill, injured and transitioning Service members receive high quality care and seamless transition support through proactive leadership, responsive policy, effective oversight and interagency collaboration.
Wartime Letters Wartime Letters - Our mission is to honor America's veterans and active duty personnel by preserving their wartime letters. We believe these letters (and e-mails) help current generations and those to come better understand both the realities of warfare and the sacrifices made by the men and women who have served - or who are now serving - in the armed forces.
Wounded Warrior Project Wounded Warrior Project - To foster the most successful, well-adjusted generation of wounded service members in our nation's history.
WW II Memorial World War II Memorial - The World War II Memorial honors the 16 million who served in the armed forces of the U.S., the more than 400,000 who died, and all who supported the war effort from home. Symbolic of the defining event of the 20th Century, the memorial is a monument to the spirit, sacrifice, and commitment of the American people. The Second World War is the only 20th Century event commemorated on the National Mall's central axis.
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MORNING BEFORE
As you can see in my review to the latest MCD from Morning Before, I like this record a lot. I think people gradually recognize that there are great bands coming from Germany, but I also think that these bands should be supported even more. So here's an interview with Matthias, bass player in Morning Before...
Hi Matthias, welcome to the interview! How are you at the moment? Hopefully all is well? Anything to start this interview off with?
Hi Stefan, I am doing pretty good, except for having not enough time to do all the things I want to do. Go right ahead.
As one can see in my review, I like your latest release, the MCD "The new romantics" a lot. You recorded this MCD this spring, right? How long did the recording sessions take and what can you tell me about the time in the studio? Were all the songs already finished when you entered the studio?
Yes, we recorded the songs in winter/early spring and it took us about 5-6 days, but we came back later to do some additional mixing and mastering, because we wanted to have some time off and go at it with a clear mind and fresh ears again. We had a good time in the studio and we were much more focused and concentrated than the previous times, partly because we knew what we wanted and we had learned a lot over the years as far as recordings are concerned. We always hit the studio with almost all the songs completely finished. Of course, we arrange some things differently in the studio and try various versions, but the actual songs are all set before we go into the studio.
Your first record "Sunblind" was recorded in November of 1998, right? Why did it take so long to put out that new MCD? Did it take so long to write new songs or what was the reason for that?
It is correct that we recorded "Sunblind" late in 1998, but it took the label and us quite some time to put it out, due to a few misunderstandings. So the record wasn't out till September 1999. We know that we are kind of late with this release, but we had a lot of other things going on except the band, which slowed things down for us tremendously. It didn't actually take us very long to write the songs, but we had to look for a new label, too, since Pateline closed its doors.
Did you write more songs during this period and did you already record some of them (maybe during the "New romantics" sessions?)?
We already have about 5 new songs, but we didn't record them during the last sessions, because it is also a question of money that we and the label have to pay, so we only concentrated on the 6 songs which are on the record.
Do you consider the single members in Morning Before as the new romantics or what do you want to express with the title of that MCD?
We don't consider ourselves as "The New Romantics", we just thought that you can associate a lot of things with that title and we liked the aesthetics of it and it fit the album. I don't really want to explain what "The New Romantics" means to us, because there are so many things people can get out of it and that is cool. I don't want to say this is the only way you can look at it.
"Sunblind" was released on Pateline Industries, and "The new romantics" is out on Strange Fruit. What was the reason for that change? Are you still friends with the guys at Pateline?
Yes, we are still friends with Pateline, but as I mentioned earlier, Thorsten decided to shut the label down, due to various reasons. So we were forced to look for a new label and we soon got in touch with Achim and Tim from Strange Fruit and after a little while it became clear to us that we wanted to work together.
What do want to express with your lyrics? I think they are very important to you, right? Would you say that the "message" of the lyrics has changed over the years?
The lyrics are definitely important to me, as are the music and the artwork. Julia and I write almost all the lyrics, but I can only talk about my lyrics. They are usually drawn from personal experiences and thoughts and I try to keep my lyrics fairly vague, because I find it much more interesting to read lyrics where I don't understand everything immediately. It challenges me more to make up my own mind about things. You certainly won't find any bold statements or phrases in any of our lyrics. I just want to express my way of looking at things and the world around me. I think the approach towards our lyrics has not changed dramatically over the years.
The artwork of your releases is always very beautiful and it looks great. How important is the visual aspect of a record to you?
Thanks. The artwork is as important as everything else, because we consider a record an entire product of art, where everything has to fit together. I can't understand why people would write the greatest songs and record in the most expensive studios but then release a record with the worst artwork, which doesn't even make me want to touch it. It probably is all a question of aesthetics and how you approach a record. For many people it might be enough if the music is good, but we try to pay attention to everything including the lyrics and the artwork. It is all part of the deal.
Who comes up with the ideas for the cover artwork and who is responsible for the realization of the covers?
On the last album, my girlfriend and I almost did the entire layout conception ourselves, this time Holger and Stephan from Pale helped us out with the artwork and the realization of it. I think they did a great job and we are very happy with it.
Is the record label always satisfied with the artwork or is it sometimes too expensive for them?
Of course, we checked in advance with Strange Fruit how much we could spend for the artwork and they were always really supportive. Every time I called and asked if it was ok if it cost a bit more, they were really cool about it and gave us everything we needed. But it is true that labels often want to save on the artwork and not spend too much on it.
I read in your info sheet that you all have very different musical backgrounds. What are these influences? Please give me some bands/styles that were/are influential for Morning Before. Which record/band impressed you the most in the last few months and why?
It is just that we all listen to different music and have different influences. It is not that we all come out of the HC/Punk scene, but we all bring in our unique influences to form MORNING BEFORE. I can only speak for myself as far as bands go, that influenced me. In the last couple of months I was really impressed by the new Tortoise record, because they are simply amazing, so is everything by Radiohead, one of the best bands ever in my book. Other bands that influenced me were Fugazi, Sunny Day Real Estate, Black Sabbath, Weezer. The last HC records that really touched me were "After the Eulogy" by Boy sets Fire and the new Waterdown record....oh and forget Oasis, buy the new Travis, you will be glad you did.
Who came up with the name Morning Before and what does it mean (I know, this is a lame question, sorry)?
I don't really remember who came up with the name, but somebody mentioned the name during a rehearsal and we liked it and stuck with it. It doesn't bear any deep meaning, we just liked the sound of it and it didn't automatically put the band into a certain genre.
How old are you guys? What are you doing besides the band?
We are all about 22-23 years old. All of us except Julia, who is already working, are going to college. Of course, the band is not our only focus in life and we all do different things besides the band. I like to read and write in my spare time and enjoy a good movie or hang out with friends, which is not happening enough lately, because I am too busy with school and all the other stuff I am trying to do.
Matthias, you are doing all the promo stuff concerning Morning Before, right? Isn't that hard at times? When and how do you handle all this?
It is definitely very hard at times and actually I don't know how I handle it all. I guess I am just working my ass off sometimes trying to get everything done. People often don't see the workload that has to be done in order to get ahead of things. I am definitely really busy, more so than I should, but on the other hand I like having something to do as well. I am sure I wouldn't do it otherwise, but sometimes it is definitely too much. It might have something to do with me having problems getting my priorities straight at times.
Are you satisfied with the way things turned out for Morning Before over the years? What is your goal to achieve with the band?
Our only primary goal has always been to play good music and release decent records. Of course over the years, your goals change a bit and you start to pay attention to other things like how many records you sold etc. I think we could have done a lot more than we did to this point, but considering the people in the band, who do not all have the same goals, I am really content and happy where I am and what I have achieved with MORNING BEFORE right now.
Any tours or shows in the near future? With which band(s)? What was the best show/tour so far for Morning Before?
We have a couple of shows coming up, which you can check out on www.morningbefore.de.
I can't really say what the best show was, we all have differing opinions about that, too.
You came to the band in 1997, right? What did you do before, did you play in any other bands and if so, what kind of music did they play? What about the other members, have they been in any other bands before?
Before I joined the other guys I had lived a year in the US. Before that I had played in sort of an 80's metal band, which was actually my first band when I was 14 years old. After that I sang or rather screamed for a short lived old-school band. Nothing worth talking about, though:) I believe, the other guys have always played together except Stefan, our drummer, who also used to be in my first band.
Do you think that it is more difficult for German bands than let's say American ones? I mean Pale can be seen on VIVA 2, so it seems to get better. Would you agree?
Yes, people seem to be waking up at last and realize that there are many great German bands around. Yeah, I definitely think that it is a great thing to see Pale on TV, because hopefully some time people will be fed up with bands like Limp Bizkit and other brainless stuff.
What about the distribution of your albums in other countries? Any interested labels?
We haven't really put any effort into finding a foreign label to release our records yet. Most labels don't want to license or re-release a record anyway, since the market is already fairly small, so they usually all want unreleased material. We'd be happy to work with a foreign label, though.
Ok, I can't think of any more questions. Hopefully you liked this interview and do you have anything to say that I forgot to ask?
Stefan, thank you very much for the time and effort, we appreciate it! I definitely think the interview was a lot of fun, I hope you do, too.
Please check out our homepage at www.morningbefore.de
Thanks again. I'm out. Cheers.
-Matthias-
(Stefan Münch)
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Transcript of Awakin Call with Sujatha Baliga
Preetha: I'm really excited to be having this conversation with my dear friend Sujatha Baliga, who I have every interaction I have had with her, I've learned and grown immensely from every pearl that comes out of her mouth. She’s someone who leaves me always wanting more, and I hope you'll have that experience today.
Sujatha is the Director of the Restorative Justice Project at the National Council on Crime and Delinquency in Oakland, where she helps communities implement restorative justice alternatives to juvenile detention and zero tolerance school discipline policies.
She's also specifically dedicated to advancing restorative justice as a tool to end child sexual abuse and inter-familial sexualized violence in the US as well as South Asia.
Her work is characterized by an equal dedication to victims and persons accused of crimes. She's a former public defender herself and also a victim advocate, and she's been a frequent guest lecturer throughout the world at universities and conferences. She's been a guest on NPR's Talk of the Nation and the Today Show, and her work has been profiled in an extensive article in The New York Times Magazine. She speaks publicly and inside prisons about her personal experiences as a survivor of child sexual abuse and her own personal path to forgiveness.
She is a graduate of Harvard College and the University of Pennsylvania, and she's also had some Federal clerkships. Significantly for our audience she's a longtime meditator, about 20 years, I think.
I think, Sujatha, where I'd love to start with you is you're one of the remarkable people whose work and external, your outer life flows so organically from your inner journey and your inner work. Maybe you could start with that and tell us how did you come to your work on the justice system and on helping victims of sexual abuse?
Sujatha: Sure. Thanks, Preetha, and I'm so pleased you're moderating today. It feels comfortable to be having a chat with a friend in front of an audience. It's lovely.
A little bit about how I ended up doing the work that I do today. I grew up in rural Pennsylvania in the 1970's and '80's. We were the only immigrant family in our town, and there was a larger region there. It was not an easy childhood. I was experience abuse in my home at the hands of my father. My father sexually abused me for as long as I can remember.
It was challenging to be a religious minority and a cultural minority in a small rural place, so I was having a lot of bullying experiences at school as well. Just a lot of struggle personally.
My father passed away when I was 16, which created a whole other set of struggles. I think all of that suffering catalyzed me to want to do something about it. Over the years what that looked like was moving towards victim advocacy. So I became a victim advocate during and after college, working with battered women's shelters and on crisis hotlines and with sexually harmed children and women.
What I noticed during those years is that while I was effective, I didn't like who I was personally. A lot of my work was fueled by … well, all of my work maybe at that time was fueled by my own unresolved traumas and wanting to undo my own childhood by quote, unquote, "fixing other people's lives."
Really the anger was eating at me personally. I had migraines regularly, several times a week, blinding migraines, and really terrible stomach problems. I'm sure it was some sort of IBS thing that was never really diagnosed just by going to countless doctors and going through so many procedures. Nothing could really solve it. I remember really resenting being told that it was something psychosomatic. While in retrospect I don’t think it was psychosomatic, it was all definitely happening, it was definitely what I realized caused, psychologically caused, caused by my unhappy state of being and my angry, angry state of being and also wrecking havoc on my friendships and my boyfriends and many other things at that time.
It was interesting. I had followed the man I was dating at the time, I had followed him to India for a year and was working, trying to help him start a program for the children of sex workers in Mumbai. That was the way I’d conceptualized at the time. When I got there and tried to get involved in the project, I realized the degree to which these women and their children were basically slaves. It was just too much trauma for me to handle. I hadn't worked out my own stuff, and I basically had a breakdown and realized that I needed to heal myself.
I was just about to start law school. I was 23, 24 years old. I was just about to start law school, and I realized I had to work out myself before I could possibly go to law school. I was not going to survive the emotional and intellectual rigors of law school in the current state I was in.
I went backpacking. I landed in the Dharamsala by myself and befriended a number of Tibetan families, who I was so engaged as a crisis counselor kind of person that I really would dig into stories of people about how did you escape and what's the landscape of Tibet today for your people. I really wanted to understand people's trauma, journeys and the suffering that they'd experienced.
I think that maybe was a rare experience for them, in that a lot of people I think come to places like Dharmsala, which is where the Tibetan government in Nigal at that time was and where His Holiness’s offices still are. People come for more of a spiritual journey I think. I came sort of on my trauma journey, which I think people appreciated to some degree, where I wasn't making them prisoners of Shangri-La in a sense.
What I noticed in my conversations with them was that they would shift from these stories, these heartbreaking stories, where people could cry and express anger eventually toward some sort of just letting the subject matter go and then a few minutes later be laughing and sharing happy stories.
I was never really able to make that transition. I lived in the anger and the rage. Eventually somebody had the courage to ask me in through my hard external way of presenting at that time, said, "What are you so angry about? What's going on with you?" which was a wonderful question.
So I started to share for the first time in my life with people outside my inner circle. My father had sexually abused me. There was a lot of horror and shock from the people that I would share this with, and many of them would say, "You should ask His Holiness how does forgiveness play a role in this." I would ask them, "How are you so happy? How can you be so happy given what you've been through?" The answer would often come back, "We practice forgiveness." Then the dialog would then turn into what's the role of forgiveness in inter-familial harm. People would say, "You should ask His Holiness. You should ask His Holiness."
I found this amusing. I said, “He’s busy. How do you ask the Dalai Lama a question like this?” Somebody said, "Write him a letter and drop it off at his monastery. You'll get some sort of response." I followed the procedures, and a week later I went back to see if there was a letter or something, and I was ushered all the way in to the desk of His Holiness's private secretary who said His Holiness's schedule had changed. He was supposed to be in Assam or something. “Would you like to have a private audience with him on Wednesday or Tuesday” or something, a few days later. I had this unbelievable opportunity to have an hour with His Holiness.
The conversation started very much from the perspective of talking about gender-based violence and sexualized violence, and then it shifted towards His Holiness sharing very deeply about his own path to forgiveness. I was so moved by his own personal sharing of times earlier in his life when he had felt anger towards the Chinese and what practices and work that he had done on himself to do this.
I could see in front of me this living embodiment of someone who had eschewed anger, let go of anger, but was still working on behalf of those who suffer without anger as the motivating force. That had been my question in my letter to him. I was unable to write the words, "I was sexually abused by my father." What I said was, "Anger is killing me but it motivates my work. How do you work on behalf of abused and oppressed people without anger as the motivating force?"
I was seeing this. I was seeing someone clearly far more effective at achieving positive ends for others without anger, even in the face of unthinkable mass atrocities against his people and his nation and himself. So how does he do this?
I said, "I want to forgive my father. I want to follow this path." The first question that came out of his mouth was, "Do you feel you have been angry long enough?" I thought this was the most brilliant question I have been ever asked, especially about forgiveness, when so many people who would say to you, "Oh, you need to forgive. You need to forgive and forget." It's very clear that when people are praising forgiveness as some freedom for you that it's really about them wanting you to get over what's happening when your natural, normal response is to unthinkable harm that you suffered.
His Holiness asked me this question, and it was a genuine question. I could feel how genuine that question was. I actually took a moment to sit in silence with him and reflect on anger's diminishing returns on my life, on my personal life, on my relationships, on my boyfriends, on my family, on my effectiveness in the work, on my happiness. After surveying the landscape of the graveyards of what anger had left in my life, I said, "Yes, I'm ready. It's served me to this point. Maybe ... not maybe ... It is a big part of why I was able to survive to this day, but here I am ready to let it go. Yes, I want to.”
So His Holiness gave me two very particular pieces of advice. The first one was to meditate. He said, "This level of rage," and even in that audience with him I was extremely angry in describing the work that I did and really raging about it and very angry. He said, “A mind that is this rageful is just out of your own control and so you need to meditate in order to reign it back in.” The first piece of advice was to meditate, really learn to be the master of your own mind. So I was, "Okay, that one I can do;" right? "I'll sign up for meditation course."
His second piece of advice was to in some way open my heart to those who have done me harm or do harm. “Open your heart to your enemies or those you perceive to be your enemies.” I started laughing. I was laughing out loud at him, saying, "That's crazy. I'm about to go to law school to be a prosecutor to lock all these abusers and batterers and child molesters up and put them behind bars." He thought this was hilarious. He pats my knee. He’s, "Okay, okay, you just meditate."
Immediately after leaving him, within the next few weeks went and sat a ten-day Vipassana Course, the Goenkaji Style Vippasana Course, and it was the hardest and best thing I had ever done in my life.
That body-based experience of feeling in my body where my anger resides, healing when images and memories of the terrible things that had been done to me came to my mind. That Vipassana scanning, that body scanning, was incredibly powerful for me to really be able to dissect where in my body those memories live and what the physical sensations around those memories and what they lead to in terms of this endless loop of suffering that my mind goes into.
I think having done that, for the first nine days you're doing breath observation for three and then six more days of body scanning and really feeling embodied for the first time in my reaction to the things that had been done to me so many years ago and also being able to be present with the present moment realizing my body is reacting to things that aren't currently happening. It was very powerful for me physically to feel, "Wow, I am having residual physical reactions to things that are not current in this beautiful meditation hall in Massachusetts;” right?
What flowed from that was the Metta Bhavana [Dala 00:14:52], loving kindness practice, that they teach you the last day. I had a spontaneous sort of vision of one of the times in which my father molested me that usually brought up experiences of rage and anger. I used to replay that memory as a fantasy as if I stabbed him to death instead of him being able to achieve what he was trying to achieve. I would imagine stabbing him to death instead.
I think that when I started doing that with that memory, adding the stabbing him to death thing was right about when my migraines started in my late teens.
Instead I just allowed the thing to happen as it happened. That doesn't mean that I condoned it. It doesn't mean that I thought it was okay, but rather that … I love this quote about forgiveness I've heard. "Forgiveness is giving up all hope of a better past." I just let the past be what it was. I just observed it for what it was.
In this memory, rather than feeling the rage, I felt my father dissolve into light. That subtle sensation, that awareness in my own body, sort of just that lovely molecular flow that you can feel sometimes after a long sit flowed out of me and into him and he dissolved into light.
From that moment onward I have never felt any anger, rage, any of the things, feelings, desires for retribution, feelings for getting back at him, anything. All of these things of course would be impossible now that he's passed. But I still carried all those desires as if I could bring him back from the dead so that I could punish him somehow. All of those needs were gone with regard to him.
I’m not saying that I'm over anger when someone cuts me off in traffic sometimes or when some atrocity is happening in the world. I'm not beyond anger but I am beyond anger about that and about many other things. Probably beyond the feeling of retribution as being useful or even a desire for that coming up in me anymore.
I started law school a couple weeks later and I had no juice for being a prosecutor. I thought I should drop out. So I went to my criminal law professor and I said, "I think I'm dropping out." He said, "Don't drop out." I didn't tell him why. I said, "I came here to be a prosecutor. I have no interest in being a prosecutor. I came here to help battered women, and I don't know how to do this now."
He said, "You should think about being a defense attorney who defends women who kill their abusers." I was like, "Well, that's brilliant." He didn't tell me at that time, but one doesn't get to specialize in that right away; right? So I had to be a public defender for many years defending even those folks who had done exactly what was done to me as a child.
I really feel like I gave them excellent representation and had a wonderful opportunity to be of service to folks who've done things that were done to me. At the same time the entire criminal legal system always felt not okay to me. There was a way in which it was so fundamentally binary, like it was us versus them. It felt divisive and it wasn't a healing way. It wasn't what I had learned in my own life as my way of moving past terrible things that have happened. It couldn't be more different really.
I think of a court of law and I think of Susan Herman who wrote, the author of Trauma and Recovery says you couldn't create a better circumstance for bringing up traumatic stress than a court of law. We really re-victimize victims and we really ... It's a damaging process for everyone who goes through it, almost everyone who goes through it. I kept in touch with His Holiness’s office and they suggested that I read his book on Tibetan justice called The Tibetan System of Justice Prior to Chinese Occupation called The Golden Yoke, Y-O-K-E. It was a wonderful book describing many ideals that were there in the Tibetan law code about healing and victim-identified needs being attended to and notions like atonement and reconciliation that I thought, "My goodness, how could we do some of that here?"
A friend who had been saying these words for years, "restorative justice." When I was describing this to her, she said, "I've been telling you about this for years." Susan said, "It's called 'restorative justice.'" "I'm sorry. I didn't understand." And I started to go to restorative justice trainings and learned so much about this model that I work in today as what I think is the better way to address wrongdoing, even the most terrible forms of wrongdoing, when it's at all possible.
To read more >>
Labels: Forgiveness, Healing
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Lauren Lakis: Sail Away
Consistently rising dreampop artist, Lauren Lakis, has shared stages with remarkable underground acts like Drowse, Coastlands, Emmet Palaima of Elizabeth Colour Wheel, as well as prominent alternative rocker, Tracy Bonham. Her 2018 album, Ferocious, and 2019 EP, Sad Girl Breakfast, have been followed by a series of artful singles, the latest of which is the esoteric, Sail Away, which comes paired to a rather eccentric and arresting visual.
"Thematically, Sail Away explores the idea of running away with my inner child, protecting and parenting her," Lakis explains in a long statement about the song's aim. "It’s me becoming my own mother, which was something I had to do at a young age.
"As the daughter of my mother, I had to learn how to take care of myself and grow up quickly. She struggled with addiction until I was almost 10 years old; I don’t have many memories of my childhood before that age. I’ve spent some years in Alanon, connecting to my inner child and learning how to 're-parent' her as a way of healing those wounds. The inner child is the part of us that is innocent, vulnerable, playful, full of wonder, freely trusting and loving. It hasn’t always been easy to connect with that side of myself.
"I didn’t feel like I had a voice as a kid, and I had no control over what was happening around me. In spite of, or perhaps because of this, I grew into an extremely strong, resilient, capable adult. This song explores my longing for having had an adult like me around, when I was a child… as well as the anger I’ve carried with me for having missed out. I’ve had to accept that no one can go back in time and fix that for me."
Daughter Language, the upcoming album by Lauren Lakis, was recorded at Seahorse Sound, produced by Billy Burke, and mixed by Chris Kasych & Samur Khouja (Devendra Banhart, Deerhunter, Chastity Belt), and it will be out through Green Witch Recordings.
Sail Away by Lauren Lakis
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middle east – general
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Rogue Males
Times Literary Supplement | 2nd July 2014
Review of AMERICA’S GREAT GAME The CIA’s secret Arabists and the shaping of the modern Middle East by Hugh Wilford
Basic Books. £19.99. 978 0 465 01965 6
In 1947, two American intelligence operatives, Miles Copeland and Archie Roosevelt, flew from Washington to the Levant together to take up posts in, respectively, Damascus and Beirut. Copeland described the pair at that time as “me a New Orleans jazz musician and Tennessee riverboat gambler, he a member in good standing of what passes for nobility in America”. The two became friends and co-conspirators, who, together with Archie’s cousin Kim Roosevelt, did more to mould the modern Middle East than the so-called policy-makers in Washington. Hugh Wilford tells the story of the Central Intelligence Agency’ s three musketeers in this absorbing account of romantics enchanted by Kiplingesque myths and the Lawrence of Arabia legend, who cynically harboured the self-contradictory ambition of democratizing the Arab world and Iran while arrogating all decisions to themselves.
When I moved to Beirut in 1972, the legacy of the CIA Arabists loomed large. Older journalists regaled us neophytes with tales of the spooks who, from the elegant confines of the bar at the Hotel Saint-Georges, rigged elections and overthrew civilian governments with aplomb. A few had witnessed Eleanor Brewer, the wife of the New York Times correspondent and CIA asset Sam Pope Brewer, appearing in the bar with her husband’s rival in journalism and espionage, Kim Philby. When Philby fled to his paymasters in Moscow, his old press colleagues seemed certain that the British Embassy had warned Philby to avoid a treason trial that would have embarrassed both MI6 and the CIA.
The spy yarns of that era found their way into Said Aburish’s masterly and amusing The St George Hotel Bar (1989): the CIA bag-man Wilbur Crane Eveland delivering cash-filled suitcases to the Lebanese President Camille Chamoun to fix the 1957 parliamentary elections so thoroughly that civil war erupted the next year; Agency operatives disbursing funds to Syrian exile politicians for coups that never quite came off; and plots by Copeland and the Roosevelt cousins, both of whom were grandsons of President Theodore, to overthrow their old friend, Gamal Abdel Nasser, in Egypt. Where Aburish relied on his own experience of those years, Wilford deftly employs documentary evidence to reveal Roosevelt-Copeland fingerprints on coups in Syria, the toppling of democrats in Iran, civil wars in Lebanon and Yemen and the financing of Muslim fundamentalists to oppose nationalists and leftists.
The CIA’s entanglement in Arab affairs pre-dated the Agency’s creation in 1950, stemming from the sabotage operations of its predecessor, the Office of Strategic Services, during the Second World War. Copeland and the Roosevelts had served with the OSS in wartime French North Africa, Egypt and Iraq, where they succumbed to notions of natives in need of their guidance to make their lands safe for America’s democracy and its oil companies.
When Copeland arrived in Damascus in 1947, Syria had an elected parliament and prime minister under a democratic constitution similar to that of the Third Republic in France. It did not take Copeland long to strike up a friendship with the Syrian Army’s chief of staff, the Kurdish Colonel Husni Zaim, and turn his thoughts to politics at a time when the civilian government was delaying a treaty to permit an American oil pipeline through its territory from Saudi Arabia and Jordan to Lebanon. Roosevelt had been cultivating what he called the “young effendis” and Copeland the “right kind of leaders” to drag the Arab world away from Britain and France and into the American century. Zaim seemed perfect. As Wilford writes, he told Copeland that there was “only one way to start the Syrian people along the road to progress and democracy”, pausing to slash at his desk with a riding crop, “with the whip”.
Zaim seized power in 1949, the first in a succession of military coups that plagued the Arab world from then on. Three years later, Archie Roosevelt turned his attention to Iran, where together with his MI6 mentors, he deposed the popular prime minister, Mohammed Mosaddeq. Mosaddeq had offended the West by nationalizing Britain’s Anglo-Persian Oil Company. Roosevelt was an unlikely instrument to restore Shah Mohammed Pahlavi to the Peacock Throne. He never liked the Shah, writing when he met him a few years earlier that he was “a weak, washed-out looking young man”. Roosevelt had pleaded in 1946, through the American ambassador in Tehran, for the lives of the Kurdish leader, Qazi Mohammed, and Qazi’s brother, who had been condemned to death for secession. “Are you afraid I am going to have them shot?” the Shah asked Ambassador George V. Allen. “If so, you can rest your mind. I am not.” He did not shoot them. Instead, he ordered them hanged, in Archie’s words, “as soon as our ambassador had closed the door behind him”. Yet, between respecting Iran’s wish to control its resources and doing his duty to American imperium, he chose the latter.
The CIA, reviled in the Arab world these days for torturing terror suspects, fingering enemies for drone strikes and destabilizing governments, once actively supported Palestinian rights. The Roosevelts, using CIA funds, had sponsored the American Friends of the Middle East. This lobby of the great and good never achieved the clout of the American Israel Political Action Committee and dissolved itself when the source of its funding became public.
Hugh Wilford records in detail the CIA’s perversion of its ostensible objective, democracy for the Middle East. Yet he is generous to the old rogues Copeland (always a charmer) and the Roosevelts, attributing their actions as much to Orientalist fantasy as hard-headed politics. Aburish, who knew the “CIA’s Secret Arabists”, was more sceptical: Without CIA money and connivance we might have had a democratic Syria.
Without CIA financial support there would be no Muslim Brotherhood, llamas, Jamat Islamia, Osama bin Laden or any of the uncharming groups which we now identify as enemies and many of whom we associate with terrorism. The CIA accepted old-fashioned Islam, the discredited ulemas of Al Azhar and the unpopular and unelected mufti of Jordan, as the way of keeping the Middle East down.
William Eddy, the Lebanon-born son of American Protestant missionaries who worked successively for OSS, CIA and the Arabian American Oil Company, lamented, “It is still an open question whether an operator in OSS or CIA can ever again become a wholly honourable man. We deserve to go to hell when we die”. In a way, hell did claim them. On April 18, 1983, long after the period covered in this book, a suicide bomber blew up the American Embassy in Beirut. The CIA’s full complement of Middle East agents, who had been in conference at the embassy, died. The culprits were Muslim fundamentalists of the kind the CIA had encouraged during the Cold War. They were acting on behalf of Iran, whose secular and nationalist prime minister the CIA had removed thirty years before.
Speech delivered by Charles Glass at the Chalke Valley History Festival
I was John Wayne’s driver
Charles Glass at cg@charlesglass.net
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KPC Super Bug in Guanabara Bay
By Glenn McCarthy, August 14, 2015 at 10:38 am
On December 16, 2014 it was announced that there is a Super Bacteria Enzyme KPC (Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase) in Guanabara Bay waters, near the 2016 Olympic Sailing regatta marina. Rio's renowned Oswaldo Cruz Institute did the testing and discovered its presence. KPC is drug resistant requiring hospitalization to treat, the symptoms include "urinary, gastrointestinal and pulmonary infections," according to the BBC.
What is KPC and what makes it so special?
A PBS FRONTLINE story on "Hunting the Nightmare Bacteria" featured KPC. A New York patient was brought to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) hospital in Bethesda, MD, it was the first time they had seen KPC. Using all precautions to prevent its spread, it spread around the hospital anyway in ways not understood. The NIH couldn't figure out how it spread. After four weeks, the New York patient was released from the hospital after being treated with antibiotics not normally used.
With this patient in the Intensive Care Unit, with patients in other rooms with diseases such as cancer or AIDs and with their immune systems weakened, acquired KPC. Six of those with suppressed immunity died from KPC.
KPC is already in the United States, it is not a bacteria that requires reporting. KPC has been found in hospitals in 44 States who volunteered the information.
Some people are carriers of KPC. They show no symptoms, but do spread the disease unknowingly.
So 300+ athletes sailing out of the Gloria Marina in Guanabara Bay over the next two weeks could contract this disease. Reports say that it would be hard to acquire, but remains a possibility. It probably won't kill any athletes (it is hard to imagine an athlete with a suppressed immune system battling a major disease). But those athletes can take KPC back to their home countries and possibly kill innocent victims.
To learn more, watch FRONTLINE from 21:25 - 31:35 and 45:04 - 46:06:
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/hunting-the-nightmare-bacteria/
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“The Vickers “Vimy” Bomber” by Frederick Blakeslee
Link - Posted by David on May 11, 2015 @ 6:00 am in
Editor’s Note: This month’s cover is the fifteenth of the actual war-combat pictures which Mr. Blakeslee, well-known artist and authority on aircraft, is painting exclusively for BATTLE ACES. The series was started to give our readers authentic pictures of war planes in color. It also enables you to follow famous airmen on many of their amazing adventures and feel the same thrills of battle they felt. Be sure to save these covers if you want your’ collection of this fine series to be complete.
THE bombing expedition on which this cover is based is pictured in two parts. The actual raid is shown on the cover of the August issue of DAREDEVIL ACES. This month the adventure of one of the bombers on that mission is pictured.
I shall not repeat the story of the raid here, for that has been told in DAREDEVIL ACES.
Three big British bombers took off late one afternoon to bomb the reported position of a long-range gun implacement. They were flown by British pilots but were to operate in conjunction with an American outfit of fighting ships.
The bombers met the Americans high over Dun and started for the scene of operation. They flew in a tight formation and saw no enemy craft, although they were being followed by several Boches who did not dare attack such a formidable group.
The flight was deep in enemy territory when one of the bombers developed engine trouble in the right-hand motor. It fell behind and unfortunately, at this moment the top patrol was hidden by a cloud so did not observe the accident.
The pilot of the bomber, finding his trouble was getting serious, turned about and started for home, looking for a target for his load of bombs. Through an opening in the ground fog he saw what he took for a supply depot and ordered his men to let go their “eggs.” They were later to be informed that they had fired an ammunition dump.
It was not long before more serious trouble than a “sick” motor arrived. It came with a roar and blazing guns. It was a German Hannoveraner biplane (the bright red ship in the foreground); almost at the same time another ship arrived to add to the difficulties of the bomber. This was a Roland single-seater biplane (the blue and yellow plane diving in from the left).
The bomber, due to its crippled condition, was unable to maneuver and had to fight off the Boches as best it could. The Englishmen were in an uncomfortable position but not hard-pressed until the fight was joined by a Fokker D-VII and a Fokker monoplane. Then things got more serious.
The big ship flew steadily on but was sustaining a deadly fire from every direction. The motor still functioned and seemed to get no worse, but every moment increased the hazard. It was being slowly cut to pieces. Already one rudder was out of commission and a stream of bullets had cut through the center of the fuselage and weakened it. The wings looked like a sieve and many of the wires were cut, also weakening the wings. Tt was remarkable that the ship did not collapse then and there.
They shot down one Boche with their last drum of ammunition. Both gunners and pilot were wounded and they had given themselves up as lost, when help arrived in the form of a patrol of S.E-S’s, who scattered the Germans right and left in short order.
The pilot, faint from a wound in the abdomen, landed his ship on his own airdrome but cracked up in doing so, completing the wreck of an already half ruined ship. All survived, however, and they are living today, proud of their D.S.C. awarded by the American government.
The bombing ship shown on the cover is a very famous one, although most of its fame was gained in peace time persuits. It was designed as a long-distance bomber. It carried two engines in “power eggs” one each side of the fuselage. There were three types of engines used, the Fiat, Hispano-Suiza and Rolls Royce. The bomber here shown is a Vickers Vimy Rolls, which is 1 ft. 6½ in. longer than the other two, otherwise they are the same in appearance. They carried two gunners and a pilot. To prevent the machine from standing on its nose after too fast a landing, a skid was fitted under the nose of the fuselage. Span 67 ft. 2 in., gap 10 ft., overall length 44 ft., speed low down 103 m.p.h., speed at 5,000 ft. 98 m.p.h., landing speed 56 m.p.h.
“The Vickers “Vimy” Bomber” by Frederick M. Blakeslee (August 1932)
Now we come to its peace time fame. It was in a Vickers Vimy Rolls-Royce airplane that Captain J. Alcock and Lt. Whitten Brown, both afterwards knighted, made the first direct flight across the Atlantic from St. Johns, Newfoundland to Clifden, Galway. They traveled 1,880 miles in 15 hours 57 minutes at an average speed of 118 m.p.h., May 18th-19th, 1919.
Captain Ross Smith and three companions, in the same year, and in the same type of ship, flew from England to Australia in 30 days, flying a total of 11,294 miles. They landed at Port Darwin, North Australia and later crossed the continent to Melbourne.
Tags: 1932, August 1932, Battle Aces, Captain John Alcock, Captain Ross Smith, Dare-Devil Aces, Frederick Blakeslee, Lt. Whitten Brown, The Story Behind The Cover, Vickers "Vimy" Bomber | Comments (0)
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Erie's Future Fund
Changing Our Community One Child At A Time
What is Erie’s Future Fund
For the Families
Erie’s Future Fund
Erie’s Future Fund was created in 2011, an outgrowth of the Erie Community Foundation’s Early Childhood Advisory Panel in partnership with United Way of Erie County, Success By 6, members of the Early Learning Investment Commission (ELIC) and Erie Together. Leaders from the foundation, corporate, nonprofit and civic sectors sought to address growing concerns about the lack of school readiness among many children entering kindergarten, and the significant impact this was having now, and would have in the future, on Erie County’s economy and quality of life.
Early childhood research shows that well-focused early childhood education investments can produce high public returns, particularly for children living in families with low income levels. Erie’s Future Fund will provide scholarships to low-income families in neighborhoods with the highest percentage of families with children under 5 living in poverty.
The scholarships allow children to attend a high-quality Early Childhood Education (ECE) program at ages 3 and 4. Families select from area public and private ECE programs that meet the STARS* criteria of Level 3 or 4.
Erie’s Future Fund through Success By 6 and its task forces that target areas of health, children’s mental health, education, special needs, and prevention of abuse and neglect, promotes parent involvement beginning prenatally. Families are provided guidance on selecting an ECE program, skills and knowledge necessary to promote school readiness throughout their child’s early years, and information about health, child development, and community resources to support their family’s needs.
Erie’s Future Fund goal is to provide scholarships for approximately 285 low-income children in the 2012-2013 school year.
© 2019 Erie's Future Fund.
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← New Hampshire: The Origin of "Old Home Week" and the Rollins Family
Ox & Rocks at Remick Museum →
New Hampshire’s Famous Concord Coach and the Abbot-Downing Company
Posted on 10 June, 2008 by Janice Brown
Mark Twain described it as “an imposing cradle on wheels.”
Concord Coach as found in the
Adirondack Museum in Blue
Mountain Lake NY. Copyright 2000
by Janice W. Brown.
In 1867 Wells Fargo, the operators of the largest stagecoach company in the American west, ordered forty of these coaches. This coach became so much a part of their corporate identity, that today it is still the corporate symbol of the company.
The Concord Coach weighed about 2500 pounds and was made to carry from eleven to fourteen passengers at a time. It was drawn by four or six horses.
From 1830 to 1900 the Abbot-Downing company made about 3,700 coaches, sold to customers not only in the United States, but Canada, Europe, South Africa, South America, and Australia.
According to the “History of Concord, New Hampshire:” in May 1813, Lewis Downing, a young man one month short of his majority, came to Concord [NH] from Lexington, Massachusetts, to engage in mechanical industry. The items of his capital were: cash in pocket, sixty dollars; tools, valued at less than one hundred; a hand and a brain not to be appraised in dollars and cents.
Locating himself in business at the north end of main street, nearly opposite the “Upper Bank,” he worked for one year entirely alone, and in November after his arrival completed his first “Concord Wagon,” “every part of the work” having been “done by hand labor,” unaided by any “power machinery.” for the next twelve years he employed from three to six hands, having, meanwhile, in 1816, removed his shop to the “Duncan estate” at the South End, the permanent site of his carriage manufactory.
A sketch of the Abbot Downing Company from
Leading Business Men of Concord, 1890
With shop enlarged, and with blacksmithing, painting, trimming, and other branches of his industry started, he fortunately secured, in 1826, the services of J. Stephens Abbot, of Salem, Massachusetts, a promising young man and mechanic, twenty-two years old, to assist at first in the manufacture of the “Concord Stage Coach,” a vehicle to become famous round the world. The efficient employee constructed the first “coach bodies” ever made in New Hampshire, and in 1828 became a partner in the firm of Downing & Abbot, which, for nearly twenty years…achieved prosperity and a high…reputation….”
The obituary of J. Stephens Abbot (shown in its entirety below) explains in addition: “Mr. Abbot was born Feb. 22, 1804 at Albany, Oxford county, Me., and early learned the trade of a coach body maker at Salem, Mass., with Frothingham & Loring.–In 1826, on Christmas Eve, he came to Concord to build three coach bodies for Lewis Downing Sr. On completing his work he went to Framingham, Mass., to enter into business relations, but was dissuaded by the advice of a tavern-keeper, went to Providence, R.I., and came back to Concord. Jan. 1, 1828, he became Mr. Downing’s partner, the firm continuing until Sept. 1847.– In 1849 the present shops were built. In 1852 Mr. E.A. Abbot became a partner, and Jan 1, 1865 the present firm of Abbot, Downing, & Co. was formed. ”
The September 13, 1844 newspaper, Daily Atlas, Boston MA published the following: “The Newark Advertiser states that W.F. Peterson of Wheeling, Va was at Concord, N.H. last week and contracted for as good a Coach as Messrs Downing & Abbot can make, to have the likeness and name of HENRY CLAY painted upon it, and to be delivered to him in Wheeling, the last of December next. This coach is to be used for the first time to convey Mr. Clay from Wheeling Va to Cumberland Md on his way to Washington the last of February or first of March next, to assume the office of President for the next four years. Mr. Clay will come to Wheeling by steamboat, and will take the cars at Cumberland for Washington. The 130 miles from Wheeling to Cumberland, passing the mountain, is the only stage route from Ashland to Washington.”
In 1854 several newspapers erroneously reported the death of Joseph S. Abbot. On July 29, 1854 the Boston Evening Transcript printed the following: “Death of a Prominent New Hampshire Man.” Under this caption we last evening announced, on what we believed to be perfectly correct authority, the death of Joseph S. Abbot, Esq., the well known coach manufacturer of Concord, N.H. as occurring in New York city. We are happy to learn, this morning, that the statement was a mistake, and that Mr. Abbot is at home in the enjoyment of good health, and engaged as usual in the prosecution of his extensive business. The person telegraphed as dying in New York of cholera proves to be Mr. John D. Abbot, of that city. He was a native of Concord NH and formerly a merchant there, and was brother-in-law of Gen. Joseph Low, the present Mayor of Concord….”
Inside view of Concord Coach as found in the
Adirondack Museum in Blue Mountain Lake
NY. Copyright 2000 by Janice W. Brown.
At one time J. Stephens Abbot was a member of the Governor’s Horse Guards. Eventually from humble beginnings, by 1873 this partnership evolved into the “Abbot-Downing Company” with a payroll of over three hundred men, capital of $400,000, and a manufacturing plant covering six acres. By 1880 Lewis Downing was President; Edward A. Abbot, Treasurer and Frank L. Abbot Secretary.
The Pawtucket Times (Pawtucket RI) of February 19, 1900 published an article, “Abbot-Downing Company of Concord N.H. Goes Down” indicating that the board of directors had recently voted to assign the company to Abbot Treadwell of Concord and Gerald Wyman of Boston. About 1916 the company entered into the motor truck field, and in 1918 E.E. Vreeland came President of the Abbot-Downing Truck & Body Company. In 1902 Col. William F. “Wild Bill” Cody donated the old Deadwood stage to the National Museum [per the Denver Post]. In 1909 the company went into receivership.
Abbot Jack coach, , made by J.S. Abbot of
Concord NH and imported by Cobb and Co. in
the 1860s at Dunedin, New Zealand. Arents
Cigarette Cards, George Arents Collection,
NYPL Digital Library
The Abbot-Downing Company buildings were demolished in 1971. In 1979, the State of New Hampshire erected a Historical Marker in front of where the complex was formerly located. The inscription states: “”The Abbot-Downing Company began in 1813 when Lewis Downing founded a ‘waggon’ factory, located here from 1816 to 1828. In 1828 he was joined by J. Stephens Abbot. The next century saw fourteen styles of ‘stage’ coaches, the most famous being the Concord Coach, and forty styles of commercial and pleasure vehicles carrying the name of Concord all over the United States and around the world.”
Are you curious now about where you can get a ride on one of these coaches? One place is Old Sturbridge Village, in Sturbridge, Massachusetts, where a stagecoach ride was recently added to this village-museum’s offerings.
=====GENEALOGY OF Joseph S. aka J. Stephens ABBOTT=====
(Genealogy added 1 Dec 2014) (For Genealogy of Lewis Downing, see here)
George Abbott (1615-1691) & Hannah Chandler (1630-1711)
John Abbott (1648-1721) & Sarah Barker (1647-1729)
STEPHEN ABBOT* (1678-1766) & Sarah STEVENS (1648-1718) — my 6th great-grandparents
Stephen Abbott Jr., son of Stephen and Sarah (Stevens) Abbott; He was b. 2 March 1717 in Andover MA, and d. 8 Nov 1768 in Andover MA m. 24 May 1743 in Andover, Essex Co MA to Mary Abbott (as her 2nd husband). They are buried at South Church Cemetery, Andover MA.
Children of Stephen & Mary (Abbott) Abbott:
1. Mary Abbott, b. 8 March 1744 Andover MA
2. Deborah Abbott, b. 13 Oct 1745 Andover MA
3. Sarah Abbott b 1 Aug 1747 Andover MA
3. General Stephen Abbott b 1 Aug 1749 Andover MA
4. Abner Abbott b 26 Aug 1751 Andover MA
Andover MA Vital Records: “Abner, s. Stephen, jr. and Mary, Aug. 26, 1751.”
5. Hannah Abbott b 10 Aug 1753 Andover MA
6. George Abbott b 10 Aug 1753 Andover MA
7. George Abbott 2nd, b. 13 June 1756 Andover MA
8. Dorcas Abbott b 23 Sep 1758 Andover MA
9. +Abner Abbott, b. 29 January 1761 Andover MA
Andover MA Vital Records: “Abner, s. Stephen [jr. C. R. 2.] and Mary, Jan. 29, 1761.”
10. Samuel Abbott b 27 Apr 1763 Andover MA
11. Elizabeth Abbott, b. 22 Oct 1766 Andover MA
Abner Abbott, son of Stephen and Mary (Abbott) Abbott was b 29 January 1761 in Andover, Essex Co MA and d 16 Sep 1833 [Holt history erroneously says 1843] in Albany, Oxford Co. Maine; He m. 29 January 1784 in Andover, Essex Co. MA to Ruth Holt, daughter of Joseph & Ruth (Johnson) Holt of Andover MA. She was b. 25 Feb 1765 in Andover MA, and d. 21 Nov 1806 in Albany Maine. He m2d) Dorcas Nason. They are buried in Hunts Corner Cemetery, Albany Maine
Children of Abner & Ruth (Holt) Abbott:
1. Ruth Abbott, b. 26 July 1785 Albany ME
2. Sarah Abbott, b. 11 July 1787 Albany ME
3. Obed Abbott, b. 14 Sep 1789 Albany ME
4. Stephen Abbott, b. 1 Oct 1792 Albany ME
5. Mary Abbott, b. 12 May 1797 Albany ME
6. + Joseph S. Abbott, b. 22 Feb 1804 Albany, Oxford Co. ME
J. Stephens Abbott. Likeness from History of
Merrimack and Belknap Counties NH, page 143
Joseph S. Abbott, aka J. Stephens Abbott, son of Abner & Ruth (Holt) Abbott, b. 22 February 1804 Albany, Maine, and died 16 March 1861 in Concord NH. He married 5 Dec 1829 in Sullivan, Cheshire Co. NH to Grace S. Wiggin, daughter of Sherburn & Margaret (Sargent) Wiggin. She was b 6 October 1806 in Concord NH and d. 21 September 1886 in Concord NH. He was a carriage maker in Concord NH, i.e. of the Downing-Abbott Co. [This post is about his carriage company] [Editor’s note: he is my 2nd cousin 5x removed]
J. Stephen Abbott was born in Albany, ME on Feb 22, 1804. Apparently, he was orphaned or somehow lost his parents because his uncle, General Abbott took him to Old Salem to an Aunt, Mrs. Chase, who adopted him and raised him. After acquiring what limited education he could, he was apprenticed to Frothingham and Loring of Salem as a chaise builder. Then some time later, he was convinced to go to Concord, NH to work with Lewis Downing on Concord coaches. In 1828, he became a partner with Downing, and the business changed to Downing and Abbott. Then in 1847, the business was dissolved; Downing started in a new location, and Abbott stayed in the original. In 1852, he (Abbott) took his son into the business with him and it became the firm of J.S. and E.A. Abbott. In 1865, the business again added the name of Downing to it with the addition of Lewis Downing’s son. At one time, there were three Abbotts there, J. Stephens, Edward A. and Joseph H.. Dec 15, 1829, J. Stephens Abbott married Grace Wiggin, b Oct 6, 1806, daughter of Sherburne and Margaret (Sargent) Wiggin. They had 5 chilldren: Edward Augustus, Margaret Ann, Joseph Henry, Francis Lewis, and Mary. He died Mar 16, 1871 in his 68th year.[ History of Merrimack and Belknap Co’s of NH, edited by D. Hamilton Hurd, printed in Philadelphia by J. W. Lewis & Co., 1885. ref. pgs. 142-3.]
Wednesday, March 22, 1871 New Hampshire Patriot and State Gazette, Concord NH — HOME MATTERS. A Loss to the Community.–The death of Mr. J. Stephens Abbot, which took place at his residence in this city on the morning of the 16th, after an illness of three weeks, elicits from every townsman sincere expressions of deep and heartfelt regret. As a self made business man, as a public spirited citizen, as a friend, a neighbor, a husband, and a father, Mr. A., held the genuine esteem of every person who came in contact with him. In no relation of life can a stain be found upon the honorable name he won for himself. Quiet, unobtrusive and firm in his convictions, he was generous and tolerant in judging others. His purse was ever open to the needy and in no good work was his hand reluctant. More than this we may not say, though in no good trait that adds to the favor of public opinion does he seem to have been lacking. His loss is not alone to those of his family, but to our whole community. —Mr. Abbot was born Feb. 22, 1804 at Albany, Oxford county, Me., and early learned the trade of a coach body maker at Salem, Mass., with Frothingham & Loring.–In 1826, on Christmas Eve, he came to Concord to build three coach bodies for Lewis Downing Sr. On completing his work he went to Framingham, Mass., to enter into business relations, but was dissuaded by the advice of a tavern-keeper, went to Providence, R.I., and came back to Concord. Jan. 1, 1828, he became Mr. Downing’s partner, the firm continuing until Sept. 1847.– In 1849 the present shops were built. In 1852 Mr. E.A. Abbot became a partner, and Jan 1, 1865 the present firm of Abbot, Downing, & Co. was formed. We need not recapitalate the great good that Mr. Abbot has worked in our city, the prosperity that he has made within our borders; each citizen knows and owns it, and to-day the regrets of our whole populace form the noblest meed of praise that could be accorded the memory of the dead. Mr. A was not the man to seek public position, or desire it, but, on the contrary, sought to avoid it. He was for several years a Director in the in the Concord Road and filled well the place. He leaves a widow and five adult children.
Children of Joseph S. “J. Stephens” & Grace (Wiggin) Abbott:
1. Edward Augustus Abbot, b 12 Sep 1830 in Concord NH; he m. 11 June 1856 in Charlestown MA to Mary Elizabeth Thompson. 4 children: Maude, Charles T., Harry Stevens, and Ellen Marian [who m. her cousin Abbot Treadwell].
2. Margaret A. Abbot, b 16 Apr 1834 Concord NH; married in 1858 to Lieut. Col. Thomas James Treadwell, son of Thomas P. Treadwell (at one time NH Secretary of State). They had 3 children [Treadwell]: Grace [who m. Pedro Pablo Laureano de Arozarena of Cuba], Abbot [who married his cousin, Marion Ellen Abbott ] and Major Thomas Conrad.
3. Joseph H. Abbot, b. 6 Feb 1837 Concord NH, d. 10 May 1896 Concord NH. He is buried in Blossom Hill Cemetery, Concord NH. Single.
4. Francis Lewis Abbot, b. 20 May 1843 in Concord NH, d. 22 July 1896 in Manchester MA. Single.
5. Mary Abbot, b. 27 July 1845 in Concord NH; She m. 31 Oct 1883 in Concord NH to Gerald Wyman, son of William & Mary W. (Lapham) Wyman. No children.
*Additional Reading*
Abbot-Downing Historical Society
–The Abbot-Downing Concord Coach–
Adirondack Museum (where I took the photographs above)
Downing & Abbot Company Founder and Carriage Builder of Concord New Hampshire: Lewis Downing (1792-1873)
This entry was posted in Genealogy, History, N.H. Historical Markers, Travel and tagged Abbott, Albany, body, builder, coach, Concord, creator, Downing, factory, founder, J. Stephens, Joseph, Maine, New Hampshire, NH, owner, stage, stagecoach, Stephens, Steven, transportation, west. Bookmark the permalink.
13 Responses to New Hampshire’s Famous Concord Coach and the Abbot-Downing Company
Sherwood D. Simons says:
I am from Deerfield, N.H. My grandfather Herman Simons drove a Abbot Downing coach from Deerfield to the railway station in Candia. It was called the Deerfield Candia stage. I now live in FL. but still very interested in Abbot Downing Co. and the history of the Concord Coaches
Norma Wells Keeler says:
My great grandfather John S Green was a foreman there and before we sold our house– many years ago- we had many of his tools..So sorry we did ot have aplace to keep them..
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I want to ride in an original stagecoach, do u still have them and I’d like to know where I can go and how much does it cost, thank you.
Janice Brown says:
Joan, the only one I know of is at Sturbridge Village, Massachusetts. See the link for details. $3 a ride, though not sure they give rides in the Winter time.
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David Townsend says:
4 August, 2018 at 4:17 PM
Joseph Stephen Abbott is my great great uncle.
How nice to have such an illustrious ancestor. That would make us cousins too as I am a cousin to J. Stephen Abbott.
Michael Hunt MacDonnell says:
Joseph Stephens Abbot is my g.g.g grandfather via Edward Augustus and then his daughter, Maude who married Henry Bradlee. I would very much like to know where Joseph and his wife are buried as well as Edward Augustus and his wife, Mary Elizabeth.
Michael, Edward A. Abbot was living in New York City when he died on 4 October 1913, aged 83. The notice in the New York Times says “Funeral services at Concord NH and interment at the convenience of the family.” I suggest that you call the City of Concord (NH) Cemetery Department who have information on index cards of burials in city cemeteries. They are very helpful. If you find him, odds are they will find his wife Mary. Good luck!
Merri Ferrell says:
I am searching for coaches in original condition as part of my ongoing research on John Burgum. Any assistance is appreciated.
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More What's My Line?
With the World Series starting this week, and the hated St. Louis Cardinals playing in it (hey, I'm a Cubs fan, the Cardinals are hated, what can I say, it's just the reality...), I thought it would be appropriate to post the Mystery Guest appearance of one of the greatest baseball players in history, and a lifelong Cardinal, Stan (the Man) Musial.
For a Cubs fan to praise a Cardinal this highly is not easy, and speaks volumes about the player. It's not that Musial was so great, but (playing far from the East Coast, and for a comparatively small market team), he's probably one of the most underrated of the All Time Greats.
His lifetime batting average was a remarkable .331. That's the 30th best in major league history. He had 3,630 hits -- which is the 4th most ever. He drove in 1,951 runs -- the 7th most by any player in the history of baseball. He hit 475 home runs.
And by all accounts he was one of the nicest players ever in the game, something impressive under any condition, but rare among superstars. When Musial died this past January at the age of 92, Willie Mays released a statement, "I never heard anyone say a bad word about him -- ever."
(In 1959, he had his worst season, batting only .255. And he himself asked the team to cut his salary by 20%!)
My favorite quote about Musial though came from Brooklyn Dodger pitcher Carl Erskine when talking about how difficult it was pitching to Musial and trying to get him out. ""I've had pretty good success with Stan by throwing him my best pitch and backing up third.'
A few years ago, when Albert Pujols was in the midst of his remarkable streak of incredible years for the same Cardinals, some people started calling, "El Hombre," their Spanish-language homage to him being the new "Man" in St. Louis. But Pujols -- who not only had a great sense of history, but also knew Musial -- cut all such talk short and told people to stop. "There is only one 'Man' in St. Louis," he said.
Here's that Man.
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It’s “Official” Now: The United States of America Is Withdrawing From the Historic Paris Accord on Climate Change With Notice to the UN
G&A's Sustainability Highlights (11.8.2019)
Nov 12, 2019 11:00 AM ET
It’s “Official” Now: The United States of America Is Withdrawing From the Historic Paris Accord on Climate Change With Notice to the UN http://bit.ly/2Kem8of
It’s “Official” Now: The United States of America Is Withdrawing From the Historic Paris Accord on Climate Change With Notice to
The big news of this week: The USA is now “officially” withdrawing from the Paris Accord on Climate Change. The one-year countdown to “USA out” is now underway.
In 2015 as the representatives of almost all of the nations of the world gathered in Paris, France for “COP 21” (or “the UN Climate Change Forum, the 21st yearly meeting of the Conference of Parties), an important agreement was reached: the 196 nations would work together to attempt to limit global warming to below 2-degrees Celsius (3.5-degrees Fahrenheit) – or at least to not above 1.5C (2.7F).
The goals are temperatures above pre-Industrial Age levels; scientists say we have already warmed 1-degreeC (or 1.8F). The Washington Post in reporting the administration’s now-official action on the Accord says that 1/10th of the globe is already at more than 2-degrees Celsius when you compare the last five years with pre-industrial levels.
That means all of the nations of the world have to work independently and collectively to limit carbon emissions to zero level between years 2030 and 2050. This would be done in part through “Intended Nationally Determined Contributions” (INDCs) enacted in each signatory country. Comparing the year 2030 (intended results) with year emissions levels of a quarter-century ago would mean cutting emissions by at least 40 percent – a Herculean effort for many nations, and especially for the big “emitters” of the industrial world – the USA, China, India and European states.
The United States of America had representatives at the COP 21 meetings – including members of the corporate community; according to a letter to the White House from US Senators who attended, today, 900 businesses continue to support the Paris Agreement, including 20 of the Fortune 500s.
President Barack Obama committed the USA to the Paris Agreement / or Accord by executive order and in November 2016 (with other almost 200 other nations) the climate agreement was confirmed by the state representatives in Paris.
In June 2017, six months into the succeeding administration, President Trump announced plans to withdraw from the Accord because “…it disadvantages the United States to the exclusive benefit of other countries.” (More recently he described the agreement as a “total disaster” for the U.S.)
And so by various means and executive order, successor President Donald Trump “officially” began the withdrawal of the USA this week with notice to the United Nations. The ending of US participation in the global agreement will be in November 2020 – one day after Election Day next year. Climate change issues including the status of the USA in the Paris Accord are today political issues in the context of elections at all levels of government including the presidency of the U.S.
Of course, numerous critics sounded alarm and anger at the president’s action (a campaign promise in 2016 and addressed by President Trump since taking office). Susan Biniaz, lecturer at Yale University, for example, told The Washington Post: “While the world will not be surprised, it’s a sad reminder of where the world’s former leader on climate change now stands…the decision of two years ago [two withdraw] is now even more grotesque…”
Andrew Steer, leader of the World Resources Institute, said the move “…fails people in the United States who will lose out on clean energy jobs as other nations grab the competitive and technological advances that the low-carbon future offers.”
A successor in the White House could begin the process of rejoining the Paris Accord -- depending on the election outcome next November. And the pledge to do so could be “immediate” while the formal rejoining is now a more complex process. Stay tuned to this important conversation!
Our Top Stories this week bring you several important perspectives on this issue.
This is just the introduction of G&A's Sustainability Highlights newsletter this week. Click here to view the full issue.
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Watching the Major Stock Indexes - For Strong ESG Signals From the Corporate Sector
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Paul Gilroy: ‘I don’t think we can afford the luxury of pessimism’ | The Guardian
by KOLUMN Magazine
KOLUMN Magazine
Decades before Black Lives Matter, Bonita Carter changed Alabama forever | AL .com
The writer on Black British culture discusses his feelings about the future of race relations and his friendship with Steve McQueen
— SEAN O’HAGAN, THE GUARDIAN
Paul Gilroy is a writer and academic specialising in Black British culture. His books include There Ain’t No Black in the Union Jack (1987), Small Acts (1993), The Black Atlantic (1993) and After Empire (2004). He has taught at Goldsmiths, University of London and Yale, where he was the chair of the department of African American studies. He is currently director of the centre for the study of race and racism at University College London. Gilroy was awarded the 2019 Holberg prize for “his outstanding contributions to a number of academic fields, including cultural studies, critical race studies, history and African-American studies”.
I know that you are close friends with Steve McQueen, our guest editor. How did you meet?I was teaching at Goldsmiths when he was a student there. One day, he knocked on my door with his friend, Desmond, another Black art student. He just wanted to talk and I was happy to do that. He kept on knocking on the door and he would bring his obsessions and his frustrations. I think that he was eager to be taken seriously in a way. It was clear in talking to him that we had interests in common and that he was a remarkable character.
Joe Clark, School Principal Who Inspired Film ‘Lean on Me,’ Has Died At 82 | HuffPost
Featured Image, Paul Gilroy: ‘The education system is broken from top to bottom and teaching the Tudors and the Nazis is never going to fix it.’ Photograph: Eddie Otchere/The Observer
FULL ARTICLE @ THE GUARDIAN
KOLUMN Magazine November 15, 2020
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PAC Alum Andrew Wenger: The #1 Overall Pick in 2012 MLS Super Draft
Hermann Trophy winner headed to Montreal
On stage after the official selection. The Hermann Trophy
Click Here for the ESPN Video and Article
Click Here for the Montreal Impact’s Web Announcement
Click Here for Andrew’s US U-23 National Team Camp Interview
Click Here for the official announcement from the Missouri Athletic Club
In Kansas City, MO., today, with the first pick of the 2012 MLS Super Draft the Montreal Impact selected PA Classics alumni Andrew Wenger.
Having just finished his junior year at Duke University where he led the ACC in scoring Wenger opted to forgo his final year of NCAA eligibility to sign with MLS and Generation Adidas to be part of the 2012 MLS Super Draft. The selection of Wenger today caps a phenomenal week for the All-American who on Sunday (1/8) was named the 2011 Hermann Trophy Winner.
The Missouri Athletic Club’s Hermann Trophy is the most prestigious college soccer award and is handed out on an annual basis via a vote of the NCAA Division I head coaches. Andrew was a semi-finalist for the award in 2010 before picking up the top honor in 2011.
Following an upcoming two week training camp with the US U-23 Men’s National Team, Andrew will head to Montreal and will join fellow PA Classics alum Zarek Valentin (Akron University) with the Impact. Valentin and Wenger now both have the honors of being drafted in the top 5 of their respective classes in the MLS Super Draft. In the 2011 draft Valentin was taken by Chivas USA with the #4 overall selection. He played in 25 games and logged over 2200 minutes for Chivas this past summer before being chosen by Montreal in the expansion draft in December. Wenger’s selection by Montreal will reunite the two PA Classics teammates, this time at the professional level. Additionally, both have spent time together in the U-17 and U-23 National Team programs.
The Lititz, Pa., native was selected as the 2011 ACC Offensive Player of the Year, completing the trifecta of ACC major awards after being named the ACC Rookie of the Year in 2009 and the ACC Defensive Player of the Year 2010.
Equally as successful in the classroom, Wenger has earned spots on both the All-ACC Academic Team and ACC Academic Honor Roll each of his three seasons. For his career, Andrew has started all 58 games, played all but 131 minutes in that span and scored 21 goals and 13 assists for 55 points.
Prior to his arrival at Duke University, Andrew was a member of PA Classics for years. He was part of the first season of the USSF Development Academy program and it was there that he caught the eye Duke coach John Kerr Jr.
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Home > English > Tools > Pay Equity Commission
About the Pay Equity Commission
The Pay Equity Commission is an independent agency of the government established by the Act. It is made up of two independent parts: the Pay Equity Office and the Pay Equity Hearings Tribunal [27. (2)].
About the Pay Equity Office
The Pay Equity Office is responsible for the enforcement of the Act [33. (1)]. The Office provides general education about pay equity and training sessions on implementing pay equity to the public. The Office's Review Services Unit receives complaints from employers, employees and unions about non-compliance (see "Enforcement and Complaints"). Review Officers are empowered under the Act to investigate and attempt to settle disputes about pay equity. They may also issue orders or make decisions [34. (3)]. A Review Officer may refer an order to the Tribunal if the order is not followed [24. (5)]. If an employer, employee or bargaining agent wishes to dispute an order or decision made by a Review Officer, they may make an application to the Tribunal [25. (1)].
About the Pay Equity Hearings Tribunal
The Tribunal is the adjudicative branch of the Commission [21.23, 25, 28, 29. (1)]. It has exclusive jurisdiction to determine all questions of fact or law that arise in any matter before it. The decisions of the Tribunal are final and conclusive for all purposes [30].
The Tribunal is a quasi-judicial body; it is required to be impartial and it must provide all parties with a fair hearing and fair process. The Tribunal's decision-makers are appointed for their specialised expertise in labour and employment law, compensation systems, and pay equity. In making its decisions the Tribunal must consider the specific issues in dispute between the parties in the context of the policy objectives and structure of the Act.
Recourse to the courts is limited, but could be made in cases where it could be shown, for example, that the Tribunal has gone beyond the scope of the Act.
Parties who wish to complain about a pay equity issue in their workplace must first file their complaint with the Pay Equity Office.
For more information about the Tribunal's proceedings, parties can refer to the Tribunal's "Rules of Practice" available on the Tribunal's website or from the Tribunal's Registrar.
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Daniel Franklin Ward
A wreck that may replicate
In Museum News
By Stephen T. Watson - Buffalo News
In October, a team of shipwreck hunters found a submerged canalboat that possibly dates from the 1830s, making it the oldest boat of its kind found in the Erie Canal system.
The boat, buried in the murky Oswego River, has kept its secrets for more than 150 years, but canal history buffs are now hoping to uncover valuable information.
"I'm so excited by this find," said Daniel Franklin Ward, curator of the Erie Canal Museum in Syracuse.
"There really aren't any canalboats from that period that survived, so finding one underwater is about the only way we'll be able to experience one."
For Erie Canal enthusiasts on this end of the state, the discovery may provide new details for planned replicas and further fuel efforts to build a Buffalo museum to honor the canal's key role in this region's early growth.
Those advocates are optimistic about a recent shift in focus for development of the inner harbor, but they say Buffalo lags behind Syracuse, Rome and Lockport in honoring its canal heritage.
"We are really the destination of the Erie Canal, and we ought to own it as a cultural entity. And we have done nothing but bury it at our end," said John S. Montague, co-founder of the Buffalo Maritime Center.
Jim Kennard has spent years searching for boats buried in the Erie Canal system, the Finger Lakes and elsewhere.
Two years ago, the Fairport resident and his team found a 1780 schooner, the HMS Ontario, in Lake Ontario that was believed to be the oldest shipwreck discovered in the Great Lakes.
This fall, Kennard was on the Oswego River, which connects Lake Ontario to the Erie Canal, because the Oswego Maritime Museum asked him to conduct a survey.
He and partner Roger Pawlowski went out three times in October in their boat, slowly sweeping the riverbed with a high-resolution sonar scanner.
"It's very similar to the ultrasound that doctors use to see your heart function or a baby in a woman's womb, but on a much bigger scale," Kennard said.
Kennard said he has found about 200 boats in his time, so he knew what they had as soon as he saw the sonar image.
"We weren't expecting to see this boat there. All of a sudden, it shows up, and we go, 'Whoa, we've got something here,'" Kennard said.
Pawlowski dove into the river on one visit in hope of getting photos of the boat, but the rain-swollen waters were too dark with silt for him to see anything or take pictures.
Sonar images do show the outline of a boat, with some lower-deck cqcrosshatching and what appears to be a stove.
The boat was found at a point between Fulton and Onondaga Lake, but Kennard declined to be more specific in the interest of protecting the site.
Less than a foot of the boat's structure sticks out from the floor of the river, but the length offers a hint at its age.
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Northeast Research LLC
Firm believes Lake Erie shipwreck is long lost vessel of Admiral Perry
In Famous Wrecks
By Dave McKinley - WGRZ.com
There are many shipwrecks beneath the waters of Lake Erie.
But a salvage outfit called Northeast Research LLC believes one sitting in 176 feet of water 20 miles off the coast of Dunkirk to be of significant historical interest.
"If it's the ship we believe it is, then it was built in 1797," said Northeast Research videographer Pat Clyne who has made several dives on what he now believes is the Caledonia, a warship once used by Admiral Perry in the war of 1812, and later refitted as a commercial schooner called the General Wayne.
"Even if it isn't, it's still a turn of the century built ship in absolutely perfect shape," Clyne told 2 On Your Side.
As they continue to pull up artifacts and do research to positively identify the vessel, they are also working on a plan to raise it and display it in a large aquarium on Buffalo's waterfront.
It would be a monumental task both technically and financially. "Absolutely. It's never been done before in North America," Clyne said.
While he says private funds will cover the millions needed to salvage the ship, he's been meeting with representatives of the federal, state and local governments to see if they're interested using grant money from the inner harbor project to bring it here and create what he insists will be an attraction to rival other national treasures like the Alamo and the Liberty Bell.
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Voters Given Chance To Express Views On Oconee County’s Split Between Georgia House Districts
On Republican Ballot
Oconee County Representatives Regina Quick and Chuck Williams should have a better sense on Tuesday evening of how at least a segment of the county’s voters feels about the boundaries of their districts in the Georgia House of Representatives.
That is when the results of a nonbinding question the Oconee County Republican Party placed on the ballot for the Republican primary will be announced.
Snapshot Of Section of Ballot
The question asks voters if they support changing the district lines for Quick’s 117th District and Williams’ 119th District to bring Oconee County back into a single district in the Georgia House of Representatives.
The best guess is that only about 4,200 of the county’s 21,933 active voters will have cast a ballot by the end of the day on Tuesday, and about 3,750 of those who did cast a ballot will have voted in the Republican Primary.
Yet the data offer the first real test of support for the so-far unsuccessful efforts of Quick and Williams to get their district lines redrawn.
Early Voting Patterns
By the end of the day today–the final day of two weeks of early voting–1,572 persons had cast a ballot in Oconee County, according to Pat Hayes, chair of the county’s Board of Elections and Registration. Those 1,572 voters represent 7.1 percent of those eligible.
In the July 2012 primary election–the election most comparable to the primary on Tuesday–3,709 of the county’s 21,632 registered voters, or 17.1 percent, cast an early ballot.
In that July 2012 primary, 45.7 percent of the county’s voters ultimately ended up casting a ballot, either in early voting or in election day.
If that same pattern holds, only about 19.0 percent of the county’s 21,933 eligible voters, or about 4,167 persons, will cast a ballot this year.
Of the ballots cast in early voting, 90.2 percent had been in the Republican primary. If that ratio holds on Tuesday, about 3,750 will have cast a Republic ballot by the end of the day, and some percentage of those will have answered the ballot question on redistricting.
Polls open at 7 a.m. and close at 7 p.m. on Tuesday.
Oconee Split in 2011
All of Oconee County had been in a single House District until the special redistricting session of the Georgia General Assembly in 2011.
In that session, the House voted to split off three precincts from Oconee County, Athens Academy, Malcom Bridge and Bogart, in order to make a more favorable district for incumbent Doug McKillip, who had switched from the Democratic Party to the Republican Party.
Quick defeated McKillip in the 2012 Republican primary in the new district and made a pledge, if elected, to try to change the district lines so all of Oconee County is once again in the same district.
The Oconee County Board of Commissioners subsequently voted unanimously to ask her to do just that.
No Legislative Action Yet
In the 2014 session of the House of Representatives, Quick and Williams sponsored House Bill 781, which would have shifted the three Oconee County precincts from Quick’s district to Williams’ district.
That bill was assigned to the House Legislative and Congressional Reapportionment Committee, but the Committee never met.
In the session the year earlier, the Legislative and Congressional Reapportionment Committee had met only once and took no action.
Williams told me last month that he knows of “a lot of legislators around the state who would like to do some tweaking” of legislative districts, and he thinks there may be a better chance for his and Quick’s request in the 2015 session.
Ballot Item From County GOP
Hayes, chair of the county’s Board of Elections and Registration, told me that the Republican Party ballot item was submitted by the County’s Republican Party.
Quick told me tonight that she had been aware of interest on the part of the county’s GOP executive committee to ask voters about redistricting but had not seen the final item submitted.
Quick said she will be attentive to the outcome of the voting to get a sense of voter sentiment on the issue.
She said she remains committed to working toward changes in the district lines if county officials and the public want her to do that.
Voters Given Chance To Express Views On Oconee Cou...
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You are here: Home / Issues / Immigration / DREAMer says Democrats should not accept Trump’s DACA deal
DREAMer says Democrats should not accept Trump’s DACA deal
President Trump is offering a three-year extension to DACA recipients, but one DREAMer is urging Democrats to reject the deal.
“I think they should absolutely not take this deal, and the reason why is because right now DACA is still in place,” she told the network’s Ana Cabrera. “Courts are upholding and protecting the program that President Obama passed, and we will continue to fight, but we will not do it at the expense of others” said Belen Sisa, a DREAMer who spoke with CNN on Sunday.
He is placing the proposal on the table as a bargaining chip to end the partial federal government shutdown, which was caused in part by his demands for more than $5 billion to build a wall on the U.S.-Mexico border. As Sisa noted, there has been no end yet to the legal fight to keep the 2012 Obama-era initiative in place, and so far, it remains intact.
On Saturday, contrary to his sometimes-xenophobic remarks, Trump delivered a unifying statement in reaction to a naturalization ceremony that he participated in that day. The speech described U.S. citizenship as having “no distinctions or race or class or gender or background,” adding, “we are all equal” and “one team.”
To Sisa, the words were meaningless; “If anything, this sounds completely hypocritical,” she said in response. “His actions are not matching his speech. They’re not matching anything that he said.” Continuing to bash the remarks, Sisa contended that Trump “has been running this country and even campaigned on us not being equal.”
Though Trump announced the proposal on Saturday, it has already been turned down by many Democrats — including House Speaker Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.), Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer (D-N.Y.) and Senate Minority Whip Dick Durbin (D-Ill.) — who said it’s a one-sided push from the president to get $5.7 billion for his wall.
Filed Under: Immigration, Latest Updates, News Makers, Today's Feature Tagged With: #BorderWall, #GovernmentShutdown, #TPS, #TrumpAdministration, DACA, DREAMers, Immigration
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Eric Esse
Other Iowa Cases
At around 5 p.m. on November 28, 2002—Thanksgiving Day—44-year-old Timothy Mammen, a methamphetamine dealer, was found fatally shot four times in the back of the head on the second floor of his home in Plymouth, Iowa. An autopsy indicated that he had been shot several hours earlier and friends of Mammen told police they had been at the home until about 1 a.m. and that Mammen was still alive.
Mammen’s girlfriend, Courtney Askvig, told police that Mammen had called her before midnight and mentioned that 33-year-old Eric Esse was among those present. Police located Esse in his home in Albert Lea, Minnesota, about 40 miles north of Plymouth, and interrogated him for more than eight hours over two days.
At first, Esse denied being at Mammen’s house, but over the course of the interrogation, he gave gradually shifting responses, saying that he had gone there to buy drugs and had consumed some on the premises. According to an audio recording of the interrogation, Esse first modified his denial to say he was in the yard when he heard the shots fired. Then he said he was at the bottom of the stairs to the second floor and later, he said he was in the room when someone else shot Mammen. At one point, Esse said he left Mammen’s house when Mammen was still alive, but returned in the early afternoon on Thanksgiving Day and found Mammen dead. He said he stole some of Mammen’s money and left. In the final portion of the interrogation, Esse denied all involvement in the shooting. He told the investigators he had been telling them what he thought they wanted to hear.
When police said some of his statements contained information only the killer would know, Esse implicated another man, Scott Peterson and said that Peterson had told him about the shooting in a telephone call two days after Mammen was killed. Peterson later denied any involvement in the crime.
Esse was arrested and charged with first degree murder and robbery. Investigators subsequently learned that Esse had borrowed a pistol from a friend at about the time of the murder. The friend, who gave the gun to police, said Esse told him he needed a gun to shoot a raccoon that was harassing his mother’s apartment.
Esse went on trial in Cerro Gordo County District Court. A ballistics analyst testified for the prosecution that although the bullets recovered from Mammen’s head were mangled, the striations on the bullets were consistent with the rifling of the barrel of the pistol that Esse had borrowed from his friend. Esse’s friend told police that when Esse returned the revolver, there were six spent cartridges in the cylinder.
Prosecutors aired the audio tapes of Esse’s interrogation for the jury. Esse’s wife testified that she was using the family’s only functioning vehicle on Thanksgiving afternoon and that Esse could not have been in Plymouth discovering the body as police said he admitted doing.
On October 17, 2003, a jury convicted Esse of murder and robbery. He was sentenced to life in prison without parole. In September 2005, the Iowa Court of Appeals reversed the conviction, ruling that the trial judge had erred when he refused a defense request to instruct the jury that only Esse’s statements during the interrogation—and not the comments of the detectives who were questioning him—should be considered as evidence. “The interviews…contain several statements that, if viewed as evidence, indicate Esse was lying or the agents had unspecified evidence of Esse’s involvement beyond that which was introduced at trial,” the appeals court said. “For example, the agents repeatedly stated that there was 'no doubt' Esse was involved in the murder.”
In 2006, Esse went on trial a second time in Bremer County District Court after a motion for a change of venue was granted. A new defense attorney, David Staudt, the Chief Public Defender in the Iowa State Public Defender's Office, presented the testimony of a ballistics expert who said that his analysis ruled out the borrowed pistol as the murder weapon. In addition, Staudt presented an expert on false confessions who testified that Esse had been overborne by the lengthy interrogation and had made statements he believed the detectives wanted to hear. Esse testified in his own behalf and denied involvement in the murder. On December 15, 2006, a jury acquitted Esse and he was released.
County: Cerro Gordo
Additional Convictions: Robbery
Sentence: Life without parole
Contributing Factors: False Confession, False or Misleading Forensic Evidence, Inadequate Legal Defense
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Gary Gathers
Other DC Murder Exonerations
Gary Gathers, Keith Mitchell and their legal team.
On August 8, 1993, 23-year-old Wayne Ballard stopped at the intersection of 2nd Street and Massachusetts Avenue N.W. Another car pulled up to the driver’s side of Ballard’s car and a gunman fired several shots into Ballard’s car. Ballard was fatally shot in the head.
Almost immediately, police suspected that 17-year-old Gary Gathers was involved in the shooting. Ballard had told police that he saw Gathers’ brother, Gregory, fatally shoot Carlton Gillis on June 14, 1993, and police believed that Gary Gathers was retaliating. At the time Ballard was shot, Gregory Gathers was awaiting trial on a charge of first-degree murder.
In September 1993, police arrested Gary Gathers and 18-year-old Keith Mitchell on charges of first-degree murder and illegal use of a weapon after 17-year-old Eric Lindsay, who was riding in the car with Ballard, identified Gathers as the gunman and Mitchell as the driver.
In May 1994, Gathers and Mitchell went to trial in District of Columbia Superior Court. Lindsay told the jury that he was in Ballard’s car when he heard several shots and looked over at the gunman for about eight seconds before ducking and covering his face. Lindsay testified that after the shots were fired, he sat back up and got a side view of Mitchell in the driver’s seat as the car sped off. He admitted that on the night of the shooting, he told police that he could not identify anyone in the other car, but said that he did not give police any names because he was scared.
Hattie Barber, who lived in Gathers’ neighborhood, testified that one evening soon after Ballard was killed, she was on the street and overheard Gathers tell a group of people that he “shot Wayne; they killed Wayne.” She acknowledged that she was 20 to 25 feet away and that he was facing away from her. She also admitted that she told the grand jury that what she heard Gathers say was “not actually Wayne, but I know who he said. They (said) it faint, so you won’t understand, but it meant Wayne when he said it.” Barber also conceded that she was a heroin user and that she used it on the night she said she heard the comment.
Detective Anthony Brigidini testified that after Gathers was arrested and brought to the police station, he asked what he was being charged with “or who he was supposed to have killed.” Brigidini told the jury that he explained to Gathers “first-degree murder while armed in the death of Wayne Ballard.” In response, Gathers asked if there were any witnesses and Brigidini testified that he replied sarcastically, “Why, are you going to kill them, too?”
Brigidini testified that Gathers then said, “Did you find the gun I used to kill Wayne with?”
Detective Ray Crawford testified that at the preliminary hearing for Gathers’ brother, Gregory, Ballard had been identified publicly by name as the sole witness against Gregory Gathers. The prosecution argued to the jury that Ballard was killed to prevent him from testifying against Gregory Gathers and that the disclosure of Ballard’s identity was “the most crucial piece of evidence” showing that Ballard was killed by Gary Gathers.
On May 10, 1994, the jury convicted Gary Gathers and Keith Mitchell of first-degree murder and illegal use of a firearm. They were each sentenced to 36 years to life in prison. An appeal of their convictions was denied.
In 2008, after Gathers asked the Mid-Atlantic Innocence Project for help, he was appointed a lawyer and a hearing was held on a post-conviction motion for a new trial. At the hearing, two witnesses testified that Gathers spent the evening at a basketball clinic and at a boxing gym.
In addition, three other witnesses testified that Kevin Jones and Darnell Smith, drug dealers who had feuded with Gathers’ uncle, Ronald Gathers, had admitted that Smith killed Ballard.
In 2009, the motion for a new trial was denied. In 2010, a motion to reopen the hearing was granted and at the suggestion of the trial court, Mitchell joined in the motion for new trial.
In the ensuing hearing, held in 2011, Lindsay recanted his identification of Gathers and Mitchell and said he had falsely implicated them because he was angry about the murders of Carlton Gillis and Ballard. He said he identified Gathers because of Ballard’s cooperation against Gregory Gathers and he identified Mitchell because he knew Mitchell frequently hung around with Gary Gathers.
“I was wrong. I know I was wrong,” Lindsay said. “I’ve lived with it for 17-18 years.”
Lindsay’s sister, Lueen Lindsay, testified at the hearing that about a week after Ballard was killed, she asked Lindsay what happened. She said he told her that he was asleep when the shooting started, that he ducked down and did not see who fired the shots or was driving the car.
A line-of-sight expert, Dr. William Bruchey, testified that Lindsay’s view of the driver of the car would have been obscured by the door frame of the assailants’ car, the gunman or a combination of the two.
The defense also presented police reports that had never been revealed to the trial attorneys for Gathers and Mitchell. The reports described an ongoing feud between drug dealers who operated in the 900 and 1000 blocks of Wahler Place. The 900 Wahler crew, as police called them, included Ballard, Lindsay and as well as Darnell Smith and Kevin Jones. The feud began when Gary Gathers’ uncle, Ronald Gathers, who was associated with the 1000 Wahler crew, robbed members of the 900 Wahler crew. In retaliation, Ronald Gathers was fatally shot in September 1992. Smith was suspected as the gunman, according to the reports.
In April 1993, Gregory Gathers was shot in the head, but survived. The police reports said police suspected Smith was responsible and that Ballard drove the getaway car. Witnesses told police that Smith suspected that Ballard was a “snitch” who had told police that Smith was involved in the shooting of Ronald and Gregory Gathers. As a result, according to the reports, Smith was suspected of Ballard’s murder.
The defense also presented—for the first time—a transcript from the preliminary hearing in 1993 for Gregory Gathers. The transcript showed that Ballard was not identified by name—although the detective testified that he was and the prosecution argued to the jury that the reason Ballard was killed by Gary Gathers was because he had learned during the preliminary hearing that Ballard was a witness against Gregory Gathers.
In 2011, the motion for a new trial was denied. In October 2014, the District of Columbia Court of Appeals reversed the ruling and ordered a new trial for Gary Gathers and Mitchell. The court held that the detective had testified falsely about whether Ballard’s name had been disclosed and that the prosecution had improperly argued that that was the motive for Ballard’s murder.
The appeals court rejected the prosecution’s argument that the discovery of the false testimony came too late for Gathers and Mitchell to file a motion for new trial.
“It is markedly disquieting to think that appellants should stand convicted on what is plainly false evidence highly prejudicial to the outcome where the government knew or should have known of the falsity, however belatedly this falsity may have come to the forefront,” the appeals court said.
On February 19, 2015, Gathers and Mitchell were released on electronic monitoring pending a retrial. On April 20, 2015, the prosecution dismissed the charges.
State: District of Columbia
Additional Convictions: Gun Possession or Sale
Contributing Factors: False Confession, Perjury or False Accusation, Official Misconduct, Inadequate Legal Defense
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Mack awarded U-M 2020 Distinguished Alumni Award
Ingham County Legal News
By James Weir
"Curtis is an exceptional lawyer, a dedicated teacher, a devoted mentor, and someone who unfailingly gives back to our community in large and small ways, year after year," said Dean Mark West, the Nippon Life Professor of Law. "He personifies the values that make Michigan Law so special and it is a privilege to confer the Distinguished Alumni Award upon him."
Mack began his journey to the legal profession in Valdosta, Georgia, where while growing up he attended class in a one-room church schoolhouse that was founded in 1850 by his then-enslaved ancestors.
He was the youngest-ever graduate from his high school, and went on to receive a BA from Michigan State University, a JD from the University of Akron School of Law, and an LLM from the University of Michigan Law School, where he was the first African American Cook Fellow.
He was the first African American tenure-track professor at the University of Florida Law School, and has taught as an adjunct professor at Michigan Law, Michigan State Business School in Dubai, and Emory University.
He was the first African American attorney to join the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) in Cleveland, and was later appointed as regional director of the NLRB's Atlanta region—the second African American to hold such a position and the youngest person ever.
In that role, Mack was responsible for overseeing Georgia, most of Tennessee, and northern Alabama. He also has served as general counsel and chairman of the Florida Public Employee Relations Commission.
Following his time with the NLRB, Mack entered private practice and opened his own firm, Mack and Bernstein, which after 20 successful years merged with McGuireWoods LLP. Prior to his retirement from McGuireWoods, Mack was a partner and led the Atlanta labor and employment group. He has been lead counsel in numerous cases in state and federal courts, and has negotiated or tried more than 250 individual termination actions and sexual and racial harassment cases, as well as NLRB and public section hearings. He has represented 30 of the nation's Fortune 100 companies, passed the bar in five states (Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Michigan, and Ohio), and authored and co-authored several law review articles about labor and employment.
Mack has long been a committed advocate for young African Americans and other individuals seeking to improve their career opportunities and station in life. He was instrumental in establishing Michigan Law's African American Alumni Reunion, and is considered a founding father of the University of Michigan Alumni Association's Gabriel Hargo Scholarship Fund, named after the first known African American to graduate from the University of Michigan—and the first to graduate from the Law School.
Mack was awarded a Trailblazer Award by the education nonprofit Just the Beginning, which celebrated his work supporting minority students pursuing a career in law. Among many other distinctions, he has been named one of America's Top Black Lawyers by Black Enterprise and is a member of the Gate City Bar Association Hall of Fame. Mack also has served as chairman of the Human Relations Commission of the City of Atlanta, as well as on the board of directors of the Alumni Association of the University of Michigan, the Michigan State University Social Science Advisory Board, the University of Akron National Alumni Board, and the We Are Family Foundation.
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Environmental Studies Health Science Biology Neuroscience Computer Science All Topics
Placebo Ethics Depression Clinical Practice Health Science
Placebo Administration to Depressed Patients: An Analysis of the Ethics of the Placebo in Clinical Practice
By Sahil Aggarwal
2012, Vol. 4 No. 04 | pg. 2/2 | «
Informed Consent: A Potential Method of Eliminating Deception
The argument that the placebo effect is caused by the doctor-patient relationship is beginning to stem from and be strengthened by relatively new and unexplored studies on informed consent. Because the AMA discourages the administration of placebos in clinical practice due to its deceptive factor, doctors and researchers are beginning to look into the possibility of administering the placebo with informed consent without compromising the benefits of the placebo effect. In addition, as Dr. Cahana and Dr. Ramagnioli discuss in their paper “Not All Placebos are the Same: A Debate on the Ethics of Placebo Use in Clinical Trials Versus Clinical Practice,” the placebo should fall in line with current ethical guidelines, because the inert medication “endangers the foundation of care and trust between patients and physicians and is thus morally unacceptable” (104). However, if patients provide informed consent before the placebo is administered, then the doctor has not lied to the patient and trust is still built between physician and patient. Thus, if informed consent was possible to obtain, then the primary cause of the ethical controversy in placebo administration—deception—could potentially be diminished and the fragile doctor-patient relationship could be preserved.
In their 1965 study “Nonblind Placebo Trial: An Exploration of Neurotic Patients’ Responses to Placebo When its Inert Content is Disclosed,” Dr. Park and Dr. Covi told patients the entire truth about the placebo as they administered it—in essence obtaining informed consent—to fourteen neurotic patients (337-338). As a result of this study, “many of the… patients appeared satisfied with the treatment” (342), and a calculation of ratios found that there was a total of 36% improvement in neurotic symptoms (338). From this data, the authors suggest that a placebo delivered with informed consent can still produce a significant placebo effect. However, as Dr. Blease claims in her paper “Deception as Treatment: The Case of Depression,” this study’s results are suspicious because there was no control group tocompare the placebo group (14). Not only that, but the sample size was only fourteen patients, which brings into question the representative nature of the results to a larger population of patients (14).
Nearly fifty years later, in a more well-designed experiment by Harvard University’s Dr. Kaptchuk and his colleagues—“Placebos Without Deception: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Irritable Bowel Syndrome,”—a control group to compare the placebo group to was included (2).In this study, the researchers administered placebo pills to patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), telling these patients that the treatment being prescribed was an “inert or inactive pill, like sugar pills, without any medication in it” (2). Even with informed consent, the researchers were able to induce a placebo effect to help reduce the severity of symptoms for many of these IBS patients (4-5). Compared to the control group of IBS patients who did not receive any sort of treatment at all, the patients in the placebo group showed statistically significant improvement—with p-values ranging from 0.002 to 0.08, depending on the assessment measure used to compare the two groups (5). In addition, because the interaction between doctors and patients was the same in the no treatment group and the placebo group, the placebo was most likely the reason for the difference in the proportion of patients feeling adequately relieved between the two groups (6). As a result of this experiment, the authors believe that “harnessing the placebo effects without deception is possible...” (6), given that patients are educated on the placebo effect, are encouraged by their physicians, have a “positive but realistic expectancy” (6), and follow the directions of pill taking. Due to their findings, Dr. Kaptchuk and his team created an experiment that “points to a potential novel strategy that might allow the ethical use of placebos consistent with evidence-based medicine” (6).
Another possibility that removes the deceptive placebo administration is for doctors to only partially tell the truth about the placebo to their patients. In doing so, they are not completely deceiving the patient but at the same time ensuring that a placebo effect will be induced by telling only part of the story.Dr. Brody suggests just that in his study “The Lie that Heals: The Ethics of Giving Placebos,” claiming that if a doctor “administers the [placebo] pill with a noncommittal statement, such as, ‘This pill will make you feel better,’ he has not deceived the patient” (114).
However, there is one major argument against informed consent that must be addressed. Some scientists believe that placebos should not be administered in clinical practice at all, whether or not informed consent is obtained. Dr. Rothman of Boston University and Dr. Michels of Harvard University contend in their article “The Continuing Unethical Use of Placebo Controls,” that doctors “should not put patients in a position in which their health and well-being could be compromised, even if the patients agree” (397). However, because the placebo only plays a small part of the treatment process, a patient’s health will not truly be compromised if all other factors—most importantly the confidence and encouragement of the doctor—are kept the same as they are when active medications are administered.
Patient Expectations and their Validity in the Face of Informed Consent
With the possibility of informed consent in placebo administration, the long-established belief that patient expectations play a role in the placebo effect becomes questionable. Because patients are in a clinical setting and are encouraged by their doctors during the treatment process, they typically have high expectations for whatever treatment is given to them—even if that treatment is the placebo. Many previous researchers have proposed that expectations are at least part of the reason—if not the primary reason—why the placebo effect occurs. Dr. Cahana and Dr. Romagnioli claim that the placebo response is strongly influenced by “conditioning, expectancy, and subject attention” (103). Furthermore, Dr. Foddy—a Harold T. Shapiro Postdoctoral Research Associate in Bioethics at Princeton University who wrote the analysis “A Duty to Deceive: Placebos in Clinical Practice”—goes even further by claiming that the placebo effect is “generated by the manipulation of patient expectations” (7)—suggesting that patient expectations are the primary factor in the placebo effect. Finally, Dr. Fuente-Fernandez and Dr. Stoessl seem to sum up the current belief in patient expectations in their paper “The Biochemical Bases of the Placebo Effect” by clearly stating that “any treatment… can potentially have a beneficial effect simply because the patient perceives that he/she is being treated” (144) and that “it is the belief that an effective treatment is being administered that set in motion a series of (biochemical) mechanisms” (143-144) in depressed patients. As such, not only the placebo response but also the benefits seen due to active medications have been previously been thought to be caused by patient expectations.
However, the presence of a placebo effect even with informed consent invalidates the possibility that expectations play a role in the placebo effect. If a patient with depression is told that he or she is receiving a medication that contains no active ingredients, then he or she will not have any expectations of benefit from the placebo; if anything, the patient will have negative expectations and thus experience an increase in severity in his or her condition, a phenomenon known as the “nocebo” effect (Foddy 5). The reason the nocebo effect did not occur—or did not seem to occur—based on Dr. Kaptchuk’s study, however, is because of the “warm patient-provider relationship” (Kaptchuk 6). Even though the doctors told the IBS patients that they were receiving an inert medication, they were still highly encouraging and confident in front of the patients (Kaptchuk 6), which apparently trumped the lack of expectations that the patients felt. Rather than validate the belief in expectations, Kaptchuk’s study on informed consent actually further strengthensthe belief that the doctor-patient relationship plays a fundamental role in the placebo effect. As Dr. Park and Dr. Covi claimed in their 1965 study, indeed, the “belief in pill as drug [is] not a requirement for improvement” (344).
Is the Placebo Ethical in Clinical Practice?
This review suggests that the placebo is indeed ethical in clinical practice. The placebo response rate has been proven to be high for antidepressants, suggesting that the placebo is strong enough to be a treatment option for patients with depression. Not only that, but because the placebo has some sort of physiological mechanism of action in depressed patients—likely to be associated with the prefrontal region of the brain—the legitimacy of the placebo is somewhat increased because it acts almost like an active drug. Furthermore, the doctor-patient relationship plays such a large role in promoting the placebo effect—so much that it invalidates the previously established argument that expectations promote the placebo effect—so the placebo would only be a small portion of a larger treatment process that helps patients feel better.
The current ethical guidelines established by the American Medical Association (AMA) must be changed in order to make the placebo ethical in clinical practice and thus make it available to doctors as a treatment option for patients with depression. In the face of evidence to support the validity of the placebo, traditional ethical guidelines must be overlooked and replaced with a new host of guidelines. The primary issue associated with the AMA’s ethical guidelines about placebo administration in clinical practice is that they are somewhat vague and even contradictory. According to Dr. Blease, the AMA seems to “provoke more questions than it answers” (14) based on its statements about the negative impact placebos could make on the doctor-patient relationship. However, as she asserts, the placebo is “inherently illusory” (14)—even though there is some new evidence arising suggesting the possibility of inducing a placebo effect with informed consent—and cannot promote any sort of beneficial placebo response without at least a little bit of deception (14). Because of this, ethics committees, particularly those of the AMA, must be more aware of the necessity for deception in the treatment of depressed patients, as depression—a disorder of the mind and emotions, a condition of psychological origins—cannot effectively be treated by biological means alone. In addition, Dr. Foddy asserts that the AMA should remove the prohibition on placebos and create a new regulation to limit—though not unconditionally allow—deceptive administration of inert medications (11).
In addition to making the AMA’s guidelines more open to placebo use, there is still one valid argument against the administration of placebos in clinical practice, and this argument must be taken into account when reassessing the ethics of placebos.Dr. Rothman and Dr. Michels argue that though a placebo may actually be harmless, from an ethical standpoint administering an inert drug “runs counter to the ethical principle that every patient… should receive either the best available treatment or a new treatment thought to be as good or better” (397). Their analysis suggests that the placebo cannot ethically be prescribed when active treatment options are available. In order to address this argument, ethical guidelines can be modified so that placebos may only be prescribed to depressed patients as either a complement to active medication or as monotherapy when active medications are not effectively treating the patient. By establishing those limits on the use of placebos, the medical community can ensure that a certain set of guidelines are followed and placebos are not abused by doctors—that placebos are only used in special situations when there are few other options available. Thus, though the placebo should not be used as a primary treatment option, it should be considered as a possible treatment option.
Future Insights
Although this review has concluded that the placebo is ethical in clinical practice with regards to depressed patients, more questions than answers have been engendered. First and foremost, more research needs to be done to understand why the placebo has a physiological effect associated with the prefrontal region of the brain. By doing so, the scientific and medical community can gain greater insight on the placebo’s mechanism of action and perhaps be more open to adopting the inert medication in clinical practice once the placebo is better understood. In addition, although Dr. Kaptchuk’s study on informed consent was groundbreaking because it revealed that the placebo effect can still be induced without deception, more research must be conducted to evaluate if the same conclusions can be reached with depressed patients—and perhaps patients with a variety of other psychosomatic conditions. In addition, the sample size of the placebo group in Dr. Kaptchuk’s study was a relatively small thirty-seven patients (Kaptchuk 4), so future research should ensure representativeness by studying larger sample sizes. At this point in time however, because such research on informed consent is not available, the medical community will have to settle for allowing deception in AMA’s guidelines because clinical trials have shown that the placebo does work—even though it may work less efficiently than active antidepressants—and because there does seem to be some sort of physiological mechanism at work, increasing the legitimacy of the placebo as a quasi-active medication. Finally, deeper analyses must be conducted to reevaluate if patients expectations truly help promote the placebo effect—or if the long-standing theory of patient expectations is actually false.
Although this review has concluded that the placebo is ethical for depressed patients in clinical practice, the final decision regarding the placebo’s practical use still lies in its acceptance by the medical community. However, as final comment on the ethics of the medical field as a whole, an important fact must be noted: Though active medications have been shown to induce a stronger response than that which the placebo induces, active medications still carry with them the potential for harmful side effects. With side effects such as nausea, insomnia, anxiety, weight gain, and a multitude of other issues (Smith, Robinson, and Segal), antidepressants are not any more perfect or any more ethical as placebos. However, active antidepressants are still used in clinical practice despite these side effects because they are the greatest hope of helping depressed patients. Although the goal of doctors is to treat patients with the least negative impact as possible, they still must settle for less than perfect when they administer antidepressants. The same concept can be applied to placebos, which although inert and deceptive—with more research necessary to actually assess the need for deception—still have the potential to help patients who are struggling through depression.
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Aggarwal, S. (2012). "Placebo Administration to Depressed Patients: An Analysis of the Ethics of the Placebo in Clinical Practice." Inquiries Journal/Student Pulse, 4(04). Retrieved from http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/a?id=632
Aggarwal, Sahil. "Placebo Administration to Depressed Patients: An Analysis of the Ethics of the Placebo in Clinical Practice." Inquiries Journal/Student Pulse 4.04 (2012). <http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/a?id=632>
Aggarwal, Sahil. 2012. Placebo Administration to Depressed Patients: An Analysis of the Ethics of the Placebo in Clinical Practice. Inquiries Journal/Student Pulse 4 (04), http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/a?id=632
AGGARWAL, S. 2012. Placebo Administration to Depressed Patients: An Analysis of the Ethics of the Placebo in Clinical Practice. Inquiries Journal/Student Pulse [Online], 4. Available: http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/a?id=632
Sahil Aggarwal graduated in 2019 with an MD from University of California, Irvine School of Medicine in Irvine, CA.
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The Social Ending
When I was an undergrad in college I had to read a book. As most books classes make you read it wasn't one I would pick on my own, but I found myself getting invested in the tale. It was about a young person and their relationship with an older man they called Sensei. Not a lot happened - as is the case IMO for a lot of literary fiction - but the drama of the everyday lives was enough. And then the main character's father fell ill, they had to choose between going back home or staying in the city. If they went they'd be there for their father, but their life in the city with Sensei would be over. If they stayed, they would miss their father's death and be abandoning their family in a time of need. I was riveted. Finally something huge was happening and I needed to know what was going on. Then I turned the page and found myself staring at the back blank cover of the novel, jacket giving the author information.
To say I was upset is a mild understatement. I was so annoyed a day later when we met for discussion that the teacher gave me bonus points as I was clearly the only one to finish the book on time.
I bring this up now because I just had a table top RPG end the exact same way, only I find myself ok with it. Today I want to talk about it.
Where The Story Ends. Where The Game Ends.
There is a difference between where the game ends and where the story for that game ends. You see this blatantly in videogames where you stop playing the game - the game is fully beaten - but there are still cut scenes with story to show what happens and leave you with the 'proper' ending. However, sometimes the game ends after the story too. For example, all the big decisions can be made and the story complete but you still have to roll out the ending. Or you still have to play out what is happening. But what will happen is more or less set.
The ending last night was kind of like that. The game was a character focused Star Wars game. The group came together for work, and stuck together because of adversity. However, at the end of the game there was a split. Two characters wanted to go and get involved in a Mandalorian civil war to protect their family (the PCs being mandalorians themselves.) Two characters wanted out of all the fighting and chaos, and there were some personal issues mixed in as well. The game started with half the group in talks with an NPC about what the next arc of story for the game could be, while the other half talked about leaving the crew and going off to do their own thing.
The game came to a stop with the characters at an impasse. Did they stick together and go? Did they split up? If they split up, could the two Mandalorian PCs even hope to survive without the ace pilot and crack mechanic?
The conversation did a couple laps, then one character said "you need to make a choice" and that was the last bit of dialogue that happened In Character.
Out of character we talked about the game, where it could go, and had a vote. By near unanimous decree we all voted to end the game there. We didn't even want an epilogue for the characters. No epilogue given could feel right, so we didn't try.
The Emotional Arc
The similarity between Kokoro (the story I reference above) and this game, is that with the focus on the character emotional arc the idea is that the story doesn't matter anymore once the emotional journey hits that point. What choice is made isn't important, but that the choice comes up is. It's a concept from more Eastern story telling that kind of grates on the instincts of Western audiences ((this is at least how I learned it! Not saying Western stories can't have nebulous endings, looking at you Inception!))
No way the game could go from that choice felt right. There was no way the Mandalorians could really stay out of the Mandalorian issue going on. And there was no real way the mechanic/pilot could keep going with the group knowingly getting into bigger and bigger fights/danger. We even discussed swapping out either group of characters for new ones, but even that didn't feel right. In that moment, with all the chips on the table and all the cards revealed the emotional journey of the game was done.
The strangest part to me is that while I got so mad at Kokoro, to me this ending felt satisfying. Like all that was left for my character was for this conflict to come up and then...it didn't even matter, because all that mattered was that they made the decision to bring the conflict up.
And so the Star Wars game comes to an end. Not because of a TPK in an epic boss fight like the one I ran did. Not because the adventure is done and the story complete. But rather because a spot was reached where the social needs of the characters were so misaligned they couldn't go forward.
Not a bad way to end a game, but I'm going to be thinking about it for a long time to try and unpack it.
Labels: GM, Play, Players, Resolutions
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Interview: Ben Shapiro says "elites don't feel the impact of illegal immigration on wages and taxes and crime"
Editor's note: This interview was initially published in February 2017.
Story by Joseph Ford Cotto
Making a go of it as a conservative pundit these days is a tricky thing -- due in no small part to our national right-leaning movement's fracture over Donald Trump and the change he represents.
More than a change of policy, though this can hardly be understated, has come a change in attitude. For many years, the left has been home to in-your-face politicking and the siren call of populist uprising. Of course, some of this drifted in a rightward direction from time to time, but it mainly remained ensconced on leftish ground.
How the times have changed.
Nowadays, both the right and the left make politics deeply personal. Diversity of opinion has become the stuff of insult and long-running feuds. This, mind you, applies to differences on the same side of the aisle. What many folks feel about those on the other end of the spectrum cannot be put into words suitable here.
Caught up in the intra-movement crossfire is Ben Shapiro. He has been one of American conservatism’s most recognizable voices for several years. As a bestselling author, syndicated columnist, and editor-at-large for Breitbart News, Shapiro consistently articulated his ideas.
He is not the sort to back down even -- or perhaps especially -- when opposing voices bring more than a bit of controversy in his direction. Shapiro's traditional conservative values draw ire from social justice warrior lefties and alt-rightists alike.
Since stepping down from Breitbart last year, he became editor-in-chief of DailyWire.com and hosts his own radio show. Shapiro spoke with me about several timely topics. Some of our conversation is included below.
Joseph Ford Cotto: A few years ago, certain political forecasters claimed that the future of America's center-right belongs to libertarians. Since the 2012 presidential election, protectionism has surged in both major parties. Now, in the age of Trump, libertarianism's once-ascendant nature seems a distant memory. Would you say that right-libertarian politics have any serious potential under Trump?
Ben Shapiro: I think they have potential as some of the economic nostrums promoted by Trumpism fail. But yes, they're in trouble with the president-elect pushing hard against free markets internationally and engaging in case-by-case corporatism at home.
Cotto: More than anything else, why are protectionist economics transforming the American conservative movement?
Shapiro: Trump has rightly gauged that there is a key group of constituents in purple states who have seen the downside of free trade as producers, even though they're benefiting in smaller ways as consumers. Protectionism has generated concentrated upside for that specific group of people, even though it costs everyone else.
Cotto: How did principles such as immigration restriction and cultural cohesion manage to evade scrutiny from 'respectable' politicos on both sides and secure starring roles in the future of American conservatism?
Shapiro: Cultural elites don't feel the impact of illegal immigration on wages and taxes and crime -- they're upper income, and so they're always protected. And multiculturalism is fine and dandy when you share an upper crust culture that agrees on certain political principles, because that's not actual multiculturalism. But for some people, who may live side-by-side with people who just immigrated with no education and a culture antithetical to Western freedoms and social responsibilities, the impact is far more immediate.
Cotto: A band of disparate rightists banded together in support of Donald Trump's candidacy. These individuals, opposed to contemporary American conservative orthodoxy, came to be known as the 'alt-right'. Since Donald Trump's election, 'alt-rightism' has splintered prolifically. Beyond anything else, why is this?
Shapiro: Because there's the philosophical alt-right, and then there are people who call themselves alt-right because they don't know what it is. The philosophical alt-right is actually racist -- they believe that culture and ethnicity are inextricably intertwined. But they position themselves as mere challengers of political correctness, which leads others to think that "alt-right" just means "not establishment." After the election, it's become clear that many people who think they're alt-right aren't actually interested in parroting Richard Spencer.
Cotto: Richard Spencer's now-infamous speech -- in which he hailed Trump and some audience members responded with a Nazi-like salute -- is said to have been the driving force behind the alt-right's disintegration. While this is undeniably true to some extent, could it be said that the alt-right was destined to fracture as it was a loosely-bound coalition to begin with?
Shapiro: Absolutely. As I said, there was never any real program beyond "rebel against PC," and many who considered themselves alt-right were just Tea Party types sucked into association with some pretty scummy folks.
Two kings. Two princes. One queen. The true story of five aristocrats separated by time, culture, and circumstance -- all of them bound to the United States by accidents of history and left to hope for a tomorrow better than today. Prepare for a vision of the American Dream as few others have ever seen it.
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Mike Dodd bowl
Mike Dodd bowl - 6½" (165 mm) diameter, 4½" (114 mm) high.
Alternating pattern, thick slip, willow ash glaze,
Dodd, Mike
Mike Dodd
Mike Dodd was born in Sutton, Surrey in 1943. He attended Bryanston School, Dorset, from the age of fourteen and studied pottery under Donald Potter who in turn was a student of Eric Gill. He left Cambridge University in 1965 with an honours degree, and took a post-graduate course in Ceramics at Hammersmith College of Art in London.
Mike opened his first pottery at Edburton near Brighton, Sussex in 1968. He built a double chamber wood-fired kiln and produced ash glazed stoneware and porcelain for four years before moving the pottery to larger premises at Battle, Sussex. In 1975 he moved to Hale, Cornwall where he built a Korean style climbing kiln from local Cornish materials and started producing his own glazes from local granites, clays, wood ashes, irons and ochres.
Mike's experience of building and using the Korean kiln led the organizers of the Amuesha Indian Project to ask him to build a similar kiln in the central jungles of Peru. The project was aimed at keeping the indigenous people in their natural home. He spent six months working with the American project leader, Connie Talbot.
Cumbria was Mike's next home. He had been a Senior Lecturer and then Department Head at Cumbria College of Art since 1981, and in 1986 moved his pottery to Boltongate in Cumbria. Again he sought out local materials for his glazes, using granites, hornsfels (hornsfel is a metamorphic rock type created when igneous and sedimentary rock is subjected to great temperatures, pressures or both), andesites (volcanic rock), irons and ashes.
Mike returned to the south in 1994, this time to Beaminster, Dorset, where he stayed until 1999 when he moved to his present home, Butleigh in Somerset. Mike says that when he moves from Butleigh it will be feet first.
Apart from those already mentioned, Mike has held teaching positions at Farnham College of Art, Medway College of Art, Harrow College of Art, the Royal College of Art, Derby College of Art, Dundee College of Art, Manchester Polytechnic, Preston Polytechnic, and has addressed the International Potters' Camp at Aberystwyth, the Functional Pottery Conference at Bolton, the Landshut College for Ceramics in Germany the workshop at Golen Bridge Pottery in Pondicherry, India. He has written numerous articles for magazines and has been written about just as frequently.
His work is in the collections of the Victoria and Albert Museum, the British Craft Council, Bath Study Centre, the Clevedon Craft collection and Ulster Museum.
In Mike's own words . . .
Form, quality of surface, sensitivity of touch, appropriateness of clay and firing incidentals all contribute to a visual and tactile language more visceral than conceptual, which deepens through continual acquaintance and use.
To help develop this language I use naturally occurring rocks, clays and wood-ashes in formulating glazes. The complex of metal oxides present in granite, hornsfels, andesite and basalt provide unique and beautiful glazes closely related to Mother Earth's seasonal colours. The search for strong form and for glazes which can enhance and elucidate this formal language requires commitment and continual choice.
Finally, the work is surrendered to the fire. Although disasters occur, they are more than compensated by "gifts from the kiln" - those pots that are better than you could have hoped for. These prove the spur to deepen understanding - an understanding, it is hoped, which quietly communicates itself at times of use and contemplation.
Experience Clay by Maureen Mackey
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Home › Top Stories › Samoa Considers Health Agencies Merger In Face Of Management Challenges ›
Samoa Considers Health Agencies Merger In Face Of Management Challenges
Submitted by PIR Editor on Tue, 05/09/2017 - 15:57
Combining Ministry of Health, National Health Services, National Kidney Foundation 'appropriate'
By Joyetter Feagaimaali’i-Luamanu
APIA, Samoa (Samoa Observer, May 10, 2017) – Poor quality of healthcare; $10million NZD spent on sending patients off island for treatment; too much money spent on hiring top officials rather than funding going to clinical services; triplicating of work and lack of working relationship between the sectors are among the many reasons “the merge is appropriate” between the Ministry of Health (M.O.H.), National Health Services (N.H.S.) and National Kidney Foundation (N.K.F.S.).
This is according to Minister of Health, Tuitama Dr Leao Talalelei Tuitama in response to Samoa Observer questions regarding the merge.
In his office, Tuitama explained that it’s been 10 years since N.H.S. and the M.O.H. were separated.
Over the years, the problems of offices not working together and the services not being up to par, have continued.
“It’s apparent that the Ministry does its own thing, they are not working together, yet each Ministry cannot work without the other."
“They need the cooperation of one another, this is the reason behind the problems that have occurred.” He said another reason is the lack of appropriate health care services as the Ministry’s priority is not the right place.
$10 MILLION SPENT TO SEND PATIENTS OVERSEAS
He pointed out there is a lack of appropriate equipment for better health care, the lack of experts and specialists and also the government is spending more than $10million NZD sending patients for treatment off island.
“And this is every year. Yet because we have a new hospital, the service should be up to par.”
The Minister said the question had been asked as to why the services were not up to par despite the new hospital.
It is expected the health care should be somewhat at the top level.
“It’s unclear why the hospital hasn’t hired experts and specialists to conduct heart surgery, Ear Nose and Throat (E.N.T.) specialists and eye doctors."
“We have a good hospital and we should be able to bring in the latest equipment to better the services but that’s not happening.”
HIRING AT TOP LEVEL, MONEY NOT GOING TO SERVICES
The Minister is especially concerned with the increasing numbers of people utilizing the dialysis clinic and it raises the questions as to why. “Yet there are managers, assistant managers, officials with their assistants, the management has increased and depriving the clinical services, funds should go to these services, another reason which has prompted the move for a better change for the Ministry.”
Tuitama pointed out that 100+ people are employed with the corporate service at MOH, almost the same number of people are working for N.H.S. and N.K.F.S “yet these three agencies have the same goals."
“Do we need all these corporate services, the increasing numbers of management personnel and yet the clinical services are starving.
TRIPLICATING OF SERVICES
The top management is quite heavy creating all the new positions and in doing so they are there is duplication of services.
According to Tuitama, N.H.S. is mandated by M.O.H. in terms of Human Resources and quality assurance but it appears, they have hired their own people do to the same job and this means not only duplication of work, but also triplicating of services.
Aside from the management level each of the agencies has their own boards.
“This is service provider not a revenue earner and the government is not looking for money using our hospital."
“The government is paying to take members of public off island, if the operation cannot be done locally, it’s the responsibility of the government to send the people off island to get treatment."
“Because it is the responsibility of the government.... $10million that is... yet the hospital is not prioritizing the public.
These are some of the most difficult predicaments behind the move to merge these ministries.”
RECOMMENDATIONS FROM EXPERTS
According to Tuitama there were recommendations by experts who visited Samoa and have given the advice and suggested to “merge the services to minimize the excess.”
The Minister said merging is nothing new to the government, and Samoa is not the only country that’s done this.
He pointed out that in the government there are ministries which have been created and established, yet in not even 10 years, they are back under the umbrella in which were once separated from.
“If we see the problem we have to fix it right away. We don't wait; we act immediately. Prevention is better than cure,” said the Minister.
SPECIALISTS FROM OFF ISLAND
The Minister also indicated that currently there are a mission, group of heart surgeons in Samoa and they are conducting valve replacements. “It costs the government $50,000 [US$19,000] for one operation and we had 14 operations conducted by this group.
The government has saved a lot of money, but this guided mission is kind of a goodwill mission. Our main core is to cater to the needs of these people, but we can’t just rely on the goodwill of others.
“We need to stand on our own two feet, it is up to these people to help us or not.”
The Minister pointed out the need to “increase our own capacity to extend our own ability to deal with our own problems.
“So based on those reasons and many others I cannot discuss with you fully, not because I don't want to, but simply because we don't have enough time, there a lot things involved that have an impact on the management issues.
“The government feels that it is appropriate time and it is the right move at this time to merge in order to minimize the impact at the management level.”
Samoa Observer
Copyright © 2017 Samoa Observer. All Rights Reserved
AIRLINES PNG REVENUES UP, EXPECTATIONS NOT MET
NO FSM SCHOOLS MEET NATIONAL ACCREDITATION STANDARDS
SOLOMONS LOSES MILLIONS TO ILLEGAL FOREIGN WORKERS
FRENCH POLYNESIA NEWS
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Warren Buffett, a self-described newspaper "addict," will keep his habit of reading five papers a day, but he's giving up on owning them.
This week, Lee Enterprises announced it's buying Berkshire Hathaway's dozens of newspaper holdings for $140 million in cash. (Lee has been managing some of the properties since 2018.)
The deal includes Buffett's hometown daily, The Omaha World-Herald, and The Buffalo News, a Berkshire property since 1977.
Buffett’s love of newspapers goes way back. He delivered The Washington Post and other DC newspapers as a child, bought a very profitable Post stake for Berkshire in the 1970s, had a close friendship with Post publisher Katherine Graham, and worked closely with the editor of a small Berkshire-owned Omaha weekly that won a Pulitzer Prize in 1973.
In past years at the Berkshire shareholders meeting, Buffett has hosted a newspaper-tossing contest. Apple even created an iPhone version.
But, as you can see in this chronological collection of video clips from CNBC's Warren Buffett Archive, despite his love for newspapers he realized as early as the mid-1990s that the internet posed a severe threat to what had been a great business model.
In 2009, he told shareholders “unending losses” were possible for some newspapers, predicting Berkshire would not buy one “at any price.”
But just a few years later, he changed his mind.
Berkshire bought dozens of small-to-medium sized daily and weekly newspapers, mostly through a $142 million deal with Media General in 2012.
He was betting that since a "local community paper is really indispensable to the people of the community," smaller papers wouldn't be hurt as badly as most big-city dailies.
Berkshire's newspapers wouldn't do much to "move the needle" for overall profits, he predicted, but they would still produce a "decent" rate of return.
And, as his partner Charlie Munger pointed out to him, "You like doing it."
In a 2012 letter to the publishers and editors of Berkshire's newspapers, Buffett pointed out that Berkshire hardly ever sells its businesses. "Berkshire buys for keeps. Our only exception to permanent ownership is when a business faces unending losses, a remote prospect for virtually all of our dailies."
Less than eight years later, he'd had enough, although he was quoted in the Lee news release as saying he and Munger had "zero interest" in selling to anyone else because "no organization is more committed to serving the vital role of high-quality local news."
The union representing newsroom journalists at the World-Herald, however, tweeted, "Make no mistake. Lee is short for lousy." It said, "We are blindsided, dismayed and disappointed" because the sale short-circuited its own effort, made with Berkshire's knowledge and approval, to find a local buyer.
The New Republic calls Buffett a "terrible newspaper owner," accusing him of "squandering" the opportunity to "find a model that can sustain meaningful reporting at the local level."
Buffett did find a way to offset some of the losses generated by Berkshire's sale of the newspapers for less than it paid for them.
It's charging Lee interest of 9% a year for a 25-year loan of $576 million to pay for the newspapers its buying from Berkshire and to refinance its long-term debt.
Despite that hefty rate, Lee will save $5 million a year on interest rate costs.
Its stock ended the week with a 69% gain.
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Home » World » Nigeria: Through the Fault Lines of Islam and Christianity
Nigeria: Through the Fault Lines of Islam and Christianity
Posted by: Ahmed W Khan Tags: africa,Boko Haram,christianity,conflict,islam,Niger,Nigeria,Poverty,tribal conflict Posted date: January 5, 2012 | 2 Comments
Is the Muslim Ban Turning into an Africa Ban?
Raw Realities of Conflict in Mogadishu
Water Injustice and the Abrahamic Faiths
Following a string of deadly Christmas day bombings and a recently declared state of emergency in central and northern parts of Nigeria, the growing violence in the country has been, unsurprisingly, reduced by many commentators to yet another chapter in Nigeria’s bloody Muslim – Christian clash. Communal violence in Nigeria is often exclusively explained in terms of fanaticism and religious fundamentalism. However, the realities underpinning Nigeria’s political scene and the activities of the extremist group Boko Haram are far more complex than these narratives suggest.
In 2000, following intense disagreement over the proposed implementation of ‘Sharia’ law in most of Nigeria’s predominately Muslim northern states, Christians holding a demonstration against the law in the state of Kaduna were attacked, and several were killed. It triggered what came to be known as the ‘Sharia crisis’ across the state, leaving 600 people dead and more than 150 places of worship destroyed. Reprisals, described invariably as Christian or Muslim revenge attacks, distorted many of the issues, including ethnic rivalries between ‘indigenous’ and ‘settler’ communities, identity politics, as well as underlying socioeconomic factors.
Boko Haram, loosely translated as ‘Western education is forbidden’ remained relatively obscure until 2009, when violent fighting between the ‘Islamist’ organisation and security forces left over 800 people dead. Human Rights Watch documented serious abuses by both parties, including the killing of civilians as well as the extrajudicial killing of Boko Haram’s leader. Pronouncements at the time, which declared that the group no longer posed a threat, proved premature. Not only have future assaults demonstrated better coordination and more ambition, their increasing reach across northern and central states in Nigeria indicates growing support for the organisation.
With a populist anti-corruption message, it is possible to recognise Boko Haram’s attraction. Despite Nigeria being the world’s fifth largest producer of oil, it is estimated that approximately 70 per cent of the population lives below the international poverty line. According to the World Bank, chronic corruption in Nigeria ensures that 80 percent of the nation’s oil wealth is realised by only one percent of the population. In addition, a UN Development Programme report on Nigeria found that poverty levels have ‘consistently [been] above the national average in the three northern zones, with the North East zone recording the highest poverty incidence’. Indeed, Boko Haram’s support bases closely parallel these findings, as the group’s stronghold has endured in the North Eastern Borno state since its birth.
Corruption on a grand scale – combined with an unemployment figure of 40 million – is fertile ground for violent expression. The leader of the Action Congress of Nigeria party, Asiwaju Bola Tinubu, commented this week that, ‘our common enemy is poverty, coupled with lack of economic opportunities’. Given the widespread social problems and disaffection of marginalised communities, it is of little surprise that the perceived value of ‘Western’ education is disparaged. Correlations between poverty and conflict have manifested as attacks on government installations, policemen, soldiers and banks – representations of a corrupt clientele system of governance, that honours price over principle. As research into communal violence in Nigeria has shown, perpetrators of violence are overwhelmingly from poor communities, engaging in expressive violence.
The response of the President and government to the violent conflict with Boko Haram has been to send in greater numbers of security personnel to the affected regions and to declare a state of emergency. However, this move could have adverse consequences. As Na’eem Jeenah, director of the African and Middle East Centre has pointed out, the state of emergency ‘can very much be counter-productive because one of the major grievances in the north is the heavy-handed attitude of the security forces, both the army and the police. Now, giving them even more powers than they have had, that could get worse’. As a ‘faceless’ organisation, Boko Haram members seamlessly blend in and out of local populations. This not only makes security operations impractical, it also leaves civilians extremely vulnerable to indiscriminate fire – occurrences in which security officials have been previously implicated.
Furthermore, President Goodluck Jonathan has announced that almost one quarter of the 2012 federal budget will be dedicated to security. In a country where over 100 million people live on $1 or less per day, it is a bewildering decision. Security, an inexorable part of the ruling government’s apparatus, can only solve security problems. Boko Haram however, having survived the death of their leader and having diversified strategically, represent more than a security issue as the group’s growing popularity shows.
Alarmingly, a former warlord from the oil-rich Niger Delta region yesterday stated that southern Nigerians were ready to take up arms against the northern Boko Haram. Speaking about the recent bombings, Mujahid Dokubo-Asari commented that, ‘it is seconds away … Nigeria is on the precipice of a civil war’. Mujahid, himself a Muslim, was speaking of potential retaliatory attacks against ‘northerners’ living in mostly Christian southern states across Nigeria. Tribal allegiances are only hinted at when commenting of Nigeria, although they serve as potent, and as his comments suggest, intractable social symbols; both Mujahid and the President originate from the same Ijaw tribe.
Religion is only one aspect of the recent crisis in Nigeria. Explaining social unrest in terms of an insufficient management of religion is inaccurate. Looking through the fault lines, superficially described as Christianity and Islam, the cumulative and broad factors involved – inequality, poverty, marginalisation and identity – are part of a social reality created by people, not by abstract notions of religion. In the absence of material security associated with a unified Nigerian citizenship, it is inevitable that allegiances are cast elsewhere.
Photo Credits: Diallo, AFP Pics http://www.usafricaonline.com
Ahmed W Khan
Ahmed W Khan is the editorials lead at The Platform.
Boko Haram: Sharia or militant wing of Northern politicians? – Vanguard
[…] Network NEws (press release)Christians given three days to leave Northern NigeriaChristian ConcernNigeria: Through the Fault Lines of Islam and ChristianityThe PlatformEurasia Review -DigitalJournal.com -Socialist Partyall 359 news […]
Jo Blog
The problem is ignorance. The people of Nigeria expect better from the goverment, the lack of water, good road, rail road, health care, food, housing, education, electricity and with over half the popuplation in poverty.
The goverment is ignorant of the fact that living in poverty and deprived of clean water, electricity, good road, good education, housing, food, health care and hope could result in civil war.
Wake up, invest the oil profits back in Nigeria.
Invest in good road, well mainteined road network, investing in health care services, invest in the people of Nigeria, invest in water, invest in electricity, invest in housing with town planining and city planining, invest in education, invest in agriculture, invest in water system, those simple things in life that bring hope to the nation. Nigerians are ready to work hard for a good standard of living.
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NBC Olympics Sets Records for Younger Viewers
NBC spins the numbers for its Olympics coverage to date.
Overall Viewership of Teen Girls 12-17 Up 54%
Overall Viewership of Teens 12-17 Up 29%
68% of People ages 13-24 Are Live Streaming For The First Time On A Tablet (Among NBC Live Extra App Users)
53% of People ages 13-24 Are Live Streaming For The First Time On A Smart Phone (Among NBC Live Extra App Users)
London - August 3, 2012 - Through seven days of NBC's coverage of the 2012 London Olympic Games, overall viewership is up double digits among teens and teenage girls. Overall viewership for teen girls, 12-17, is up 54% vs. Beijing (8.3 rating vs. 5.4 rating) and overall viewership for teens 12-17 is up 29% vs. Beijing (7.2 rating vs. 5.6 rating).
Teen viewership of the London Games is more than six times higher than traditional broadcast viewing habits, and teen girl ratings for NBC's coverage of the London Olympics is 89% higher than the No. 1 rated primetime show on broadcast television in the same demographic (Glee/FOX).
· Teen girl ratings for the London Olympics are also more than double the rating of the No. 1 primetime shows on remaining competing broadcast networks.
· More than three times as many female teens watched the London Olympics in primetime than purchased a movie ticket to The Twilight Saga: Eclipse.
· 171% more teens watched NBC's coverage of the London Olympics than shopped at Abercrombie & Fitch in the last three months.
In addition to a significant increase in broadcast viewing habits, young people are also engaging with NBC Olympics digital content like never before. According to NBC Live Extra App data,
· 68% of people ages 13-24 are live streaming for the first time on a tablet (Among NBC Live Extra App users).
· 53% of people ages 13-24 are live streaming for the first time on a smart phone (Among NBC Live Extra App users).
Through the first seven days of the London Olympics, NBC is averaging 1.7 million teen viewers, the most of any non-U.S. Summer Olympics since the 1992 Barcelona Olympics. Through the same time period, 174.9 million Americans have watched the Olympics on the networks of NBCUniversal, ahead of Beijing's 174.1 at the same point through the Games.
NBCUniversal, presenting its 13th Olympics, the most by any U.S. media company, will make an unprecedented 5,535 hours of the 2012 London Olympics coverage available across NBC, NBC Sports Network, MSNBC, CNBC, Bravo, Telemundo, NBCOlympics.com, two specialty channels, and the first-ever 3D platform, an unprecedented level that surpasses the coverage of the 2008 Beijing Olympics by nearly 2,000 hours.
For the full schedule of NBCUniversal's Olympic coverage, please go to: NBCOlympics.com
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What Does the Kremlin Fear?
May 16th, 2009 • Related • Filed Under
Filed Under: International • Recommended Reading
Tags: Dmitri Medvedev • Grani.ru • missile defense • Vitaly Portnikov
On May 12th, Russian President Dmitri Medvedev signed off of a new National security strategy document, which lays out a plan for Russia’s defense and foreign policy until 2020. Writing for the Grani.ru online newspaper, journalist Vitaly Portnikov comments on the document, what it’s missing, and what it shows about the Russian leadership.
A Strategy With No Dangers
Grani.ru
Having signed the National security strategy for Russia until 2020, President Dmitri Medvedev gave the chance for Western – you almost want to say “Sovietologists” – to talk once more about Russian foreign policy. Perhaps this is a signal for Barack Obama, the new American president? Perhaps the new Russian president in such a way demonstrates confidence in his own strengths and a continuity of policy? Since it is absolutely indispensable for the American President, who plans to come to Moscow, to understand that the Russian leadership will continue to regard siting elements of US missile defense in Europe as all but the most important problem of their country’s security.
Any sensible Russian could tell her president about the major threats to the country’s national security. In the natural resource dependence of the economy, which would turn Russia into a third-world country the next day after a fall in oil prices. In the corruption suffocating the country. In the catastrophic population loss, which calls into question the physical capability, not even of the development, but simply of populating Russia’s expanses. But who among the Russian political elite cares about these trifles?
In the minds of the people who have by some accident ended up in Moscow’s corridors of power at the start of the new millennium, present-day Russia is a sort-of clone of the Soviet Union, rising from some imagined knees. Naturally, the threats to this clone, which lives its life in a virtual Kremlin-televised space, are completely different. Its major opponent is those same United States, who dream of beating Russia down and hindering its renewal. Its major betrayer is the former Soviet satellite states, who dared to regard the happy years of sitting in the shade of their “big brother” as not quite the best times in their history, and are now entering into cooperation with the overseas adversary. Its major ally is China, whose leadership hardly dreams about joint battle with the adversary, as it economically – and the crisis has clearly proven – depends on its well-being.
Remarkably, all the threats thought to be serious at the start of the century have practically disappeared from the new strategy. The current authorities aren’t worried about the growing divisions in society, terrorism and separatism, despite the anything-but-simple situation in the Caucasus, the crisis of social welfare and public health, and the criminalization of social relations. Is there actually none of this left? One would really like for it not to be there – and so issues actually critical to Russia’s future are simply culled from the strategy. Even allowing that this is an ordinary, bureaucratic document, at least it used to give evidence that the authorities understood what country they lived in.
But now, the strategy approved by its president has no relation to the problems of actual Russia. From the document, we can learn everything we need about the fanciful day-dreams* of Russian officialdom. About how every clerk, landing a job at the Security Council or in the head of state’s administration, thinks of themselves as a Napoleon, and what image of Russia takes shape in his mind on the road to Rublyevka**. But we won’t learn anything about Russia itself, just as we won’t understand at all, what kind of country it will be in 2020. One thing is evident – if the documents passed by the highest leadership of the country continue to be so far removed from the actual situation in Russia and the world, ten years down the line, Dmitri Medvedev’s successor won’t be concerned with disseminating strategy any longer.
*trans. note. Portnikov references Manilov, a character from Gogol’s “Dead Souls” who has a lofty imagination.
**an unofficial name of a prestigious residential area West of Moscow, Russia.
translation by theotherrussia.org
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<div class="image">[[Image:Call My Bluff titles 60s.jpg|300px]]</div> <div class="box"> == Host == [[Robin Ray]] (original host) Joe Melia [[Peter Wheeler]] [[Robert Robinson]] [[Bob Holness]] [[Fiona Bruce]] [[Angus Deayton]] (2011 special) == Co-hosts == Team captains:<br> [[Frank Muir]] (1965-94),<br> Robert Morley (1965),<br> Alan Melville (1966),<br> Patrick Campbell (1970s),<br> Arthur Marshall (1980-8),<br> Joanna Lumley (1994)<br> [[Alan Coren]] (1996-2005)<br> [[Sandi Toksvig]] (1996-2002)<br> Rod Liddle (2003-5) == Broadcast == BBC2, 17 October 1965 to 22 December 1988 (c.300 episodes); one-off special 16 April 1994 BBC1, 13 May 1996 to 17 July 2005 (469 episodes) bbc.co.uk webcast, 5 to 6 March 2011 ([[24 Hour Panel People]]) </div> == Synopsis == DING! And the word is 'Call My Bluff'. Vic? "Well, in prehistoric times, fish used to be able to talk. In English! They also used to keep pets, one of which was called a 'Bluff'. Now, when a friend fish says 'Hello fish! can you call my bluff for me?' he wants you to call his pet. Sadly, fishes have lost the ability to talk nowadays." <div class="image">[[Image:Call my bluff late coren holness toksvig.jpg]]''Coren, Holness and Toksvig. Not pictured: Harold the Hedgehog.''</div> Very good Vic. Sandi? "'Ha ha ha! I'm Danish! Anyway, one day, a synonym for someone's agent was a 'Bluff', thereby, ha ha! when you got someone to call your agent you quite literally got them to 'Call My Bluff'. Ha!" And finally Phillippa? "Actually it's none of those, in fact it isn't a word, merely a phrase. It is a saying, originating from Sweden, for your best friend's wife-in-law." <div class="image">[[Image:Call_my_bluff_newteam.jpg]] ''A modern incarnation of the team, no doubt photographed in a sunny corner of BBC TV Centre''</div> So is it a way of calling fish pets over, a synonym for an agent or a word game on the BBC? Nick? "Well actually I wouldn't have written this if I didn't know what it was, and I'm quite sure it's Vic's." ==Catchphrases== (All the hosts): "...So he/she must own up - true or bluff..." and, if a 'bluff' card was shown, "So who gave the true definition of (whichever word)? - it's got to be there somewhere..." "...And the next word is (ding) (whatever)...." (Robert Robinson): "So now, let's meet our first captain - the man with the revolving bow-tie - Frank Muir". "Now, we'll see if this bell still works (ding) - yes, it does, and it brings up our first word, which is (whatever). Frank and his team will define this word three different ways - two of the definitions are no good - one's all right, and that's the one that Arthur and Co must try and find..." (Bob Holness): "So, the rules - Alan and his team will define a word three different ways - two are bluffs and one is true - Sandi and her team must try to work out which it is; and the first word today is (ding) (whatever), so, Alan...." == Inventor == Based on an American [[Mark Goodson|Goodson]]-Todman show of the same title. According to Frank Muir in his memoir ''[http://www.amazon.co.uk/exec/obidos/ASIN/0552141372/labyrinthgames A Kentish Lad]'', the American show "was a bit of a shambles, mainly because the bluffs... were so obviously false that it was painfully easy to spot the trues. The show proved not to be to the taste of American viewers and only lasted one season." == Theme music == Ciccolino by Norrie Paramor == Trivia== ''Call My Bluff'' was the second UK game show to be broadcast in colour, on 1 October 1967. The comparatively obscure [[Crossword on 2]] beat it by two days. The 1994 special was part of a theme night called "An Evening In with David Attenborough", marking BBC2's 30th birthday. In place of Arthur Marshall, who died in 1989, the team captain opposing Frank Muir on this occasion was Joanna Lumley, because she'd been a very frequent and popular guest in most of the previous series. The Bob Holness/Alan Coren/Sandi Toksvig version of the show worked brilliantly, since the two captains had an excellent rapport and were always able to score points over one another (usually in Sandi's favour). The show was officially axed in 2003, only to be revived just a few months later with a new host and a new captain. While Fiona Bruce was very good as hostess, sadly, Rod Liddle did not have the same rapport with Alan that Sandi had had. As with so many other shows, they should have adopted the 'if it ain't broke, don't fix it' rule! The last run went out on Sunday mornings, between the god slot and ''Countryfile''. The final version may have been a disappointment, but it deserved better than ''that''. Among the best guests in the Coren/Toksvig version were John Sergeant, Bill Paterson, Barry Cryer and Bernard Cribbins. No wonder they all appeared on more than one occasion. Indeed, Sergeant would arguably be the best choice as a new team captain opposite Sandi, should they choose to revive the show again. Either [[Bob Holness]] or [[Fiona Bruce]] could return to host it - or a good choice as a new host would seem to be [[Adrian Chiles]]. A possibility to ponder when his golden handcuffs deal with ITV runs out, perhaps. In 2007, Rod Liddle admitted that he once cheated on a show by texting his girlfriend who was standing by with a copy of the OED. He claimed that he did so to get back at Alan Coren, whom he believed was also cheating. Coren, however, denied the charge, telling the ''Daily Mail'' "I haven't ever cheated at anything. And unlike Rod I haven't cheated on my wife". As [[Linda Papadopoulos]] would charge a packet for saying, it looks like there's a bit of tension between these two. In an interview in 'Radio Times' just before he became the new captain, Liddle described Coren as being 'like a cobra - what's more, a cobra with ESP' - referring, of course, to Coren's uncanny ability to sniff out the true definition against all odds. Actress Phyllida Law seemed to struggle with her true and bluff cards, especially on one occasion when she had the true definition and could not find the right card. She ended up throwing most of the cards all over the studio, before eventually finding the right one (with a bit of help from Alan Coren). Other guests occasionally struggled in this way, although not quite so dramatically or comically. On at least three occasions, a panellist pulled out a 'bluff' card when in fact he/she had the true definition - [[Tony Robinson]] and Professor Heinz Wolff both did so 'live', so to speak, while the actress Kate Gartside did so in an outtake - a technician actually came over to pull out the correct card for her - this latter footage had obviously been edited out. On another occasion, the aforementioned Professor Heinz Wolff provided an amusing interlude by challenging Sandi Toksvig's (his own team captain, might we add) definition of the word 'Whulc'. Toksvig was telling one of her superbly tall tales, claiming in this one that she'd had to stand trial as a witch after going on a cycling holiday wearing a forward-pointing hat that lowered wind-resistance and Wolff argued that the hat would have to point backwards in order to lower wind-resistance. This made Toksvig laugh so much that she struggled to get the rest of the definition out (a very rare occurrence for her), but she eventually managed to state that the word meant 'which', ("like the magazine", said Wolff), but not the type of 'witch' that she'd just described - and, after all that, hers was the true definition, wouldn't you know it? Some guests suffered the embarrassment (usually taken in good spirit) of failing to identify definitions of words that were relevant to their field of expertise. [[Alan Titchmarsh]] was constantly singled out by Sandi for failing to guess gardening-related definitions, which did happen on more than one occasion, although he did guess the correct definition on several other occasions, so perhaps Sandi was not being entirely fair? In any case, we also saw Dr Mark Porter fail to identify the word 'Bechic' that meant 'cough medicine' and Uri Geller fail to guess the word 'Weirddom', which meant 'the supernatural world', so why did poor Titchmarsh have to take all the flak (albeit friendly flak)? Other 'guests' (albeit uninvited ones) that made fairly frequent appearances on the programme were the 'studio flies', as Bob Holness took to calling them. On one occasion, Sandi Toksvig was guessing the correct definition and then said to Alan Coren, "You've got a big bug on your shoulder", and Coren slapped the opposite shoulder, before one of his guests, Terry Waite, kindly flicked said bug off Coren's shoulder and Toksvig couldn't resist adding, "It's because your jacket's the colour of fly-paper". On another occasion, the late [[Emlyn Hughes]] was defining a word and then burst into one of his characteristic giggling-fits - and Coren stated, "He's laughing at me because I've got a fly on my head", then he covered his head with his handkerchief and added, "Tell the fly we take from behind - hang by the thorax!" (or words to that effect). On yet another occasion, it was Holness who had a fly land on him and duly pointed out, "The studio flies do make occasional appearances - but they usually sit on the polished dome" (ie Coren's) and the latter chipped in, "Yes, I'd have had the advantage there - I'd have felt it" (true enough). Oh, and one other piece of fly-related footage (this time seen in an outtake) was when Toksvig was in the process of dismissing one of Coren's definitions and then stated that the latter had a fly on his head. Coren then made a comment about a fly s****ing on him and Toksvig's response was, "Well, there you are, then - even the fly knows you're talking a load of old poo!" Sandi Toksvig was always keen to use various props and/or different styles of wordplay to define her words. On more than one occasion, she'd get Bob Holness to act the male part in a mini-play that she'd have written. She also used puppets on another occasion, firstly getting Bob to bring out his old [[Blockbusters]] friend, Harold The Hedgehog. She started off by asking Harold how he was and the latter said, "I'm suffering from 'Resipiscence'" (the word in question) and then one of Alan's guests, the late Tony Banks MP, chipped in, "I'm not surprised - he's got your hand up his bum!" Sandi brought a puppet of her own out to help define her next word and she finally got one of her guests, Dawn French, to bring out yet another puppet. All three puppets 'gave' the definitions of the words and the first two definitions were true, Sandi claiming that 'puppets never lie', except that the last one did. ('Resipiscence', by the way, meant 'repentence for misconduct' - thanks, Harold). Similarly, on a previous occasion, Sandi brought out a matchbox with a picture of a rabbit in it in order to help define the word 'Elucubration'. She asked Alan's guests, Billie Whitelaw and [[Brian Blessed]], to say magic words to make the rabbit disappear, but neither 'Abracadabra' nor 'Shazam' worked, so Sandi said, "I know the best magic words - Bob Holness!" at which point the cameras went to Bob and Sandi made the rabbit disappear - off-camera, of course. She claimed that the word referred to the act of not revealing the secrets behind magic tricks, and Whitelaw, who was guessing the definition, was so taken with the whole thing that she asked if she could have the 'magic' box in return for voting for Sandi. Sandi was very happy to oblige and said to her guests, "Well, we do need the points", bringing out a 'bluff' card. (The correct definition, by the way, was 'burning the midnight oil'). On another occasion, Sandi actually brought out a bluff card during, rather than after, the definition of a word, while assuring Bob that it was all part of the game. She said that the word ('Vafrous) meant 'deceptive' (or something to that effect), then added, "It's a bluff (showing said card) - or is it?" Ann Widdecombe then guessed at one of Sandi's guest's definitions and was wrong - Sandi actually had the true one (it was a double, if not treble, bluff she had pulled off - and why not?) There were several themed editions during the Coren/Toksvig/Holness era, including at least two Christmas pantomime editions, which featured panto stars such as [[Brian Blessed]], [[Lionel Blair]], Toyah Willcox, John Inman and Bonnie Langford, sometimes actually in their panto gear. There was a music themed edition, in which the guests included Richard Baker, Lesley Garrett and [[Mike Read]] and a Red Hair Day Special as well, in which the guests were all red-haired (surprise, surprise): they were Steve Davis, Isla Blair, Dr Phil Hammond and Rula Lenska. (Alan, by the way, wore a red wig and Sandi wore a false ginger moustache). In addition, there were Comic Relief Specials (one of them featuring such Comic Relief performers as [[Jo Brand]], Nigel Planer, Arabella Weir and [[Tony Robinson]]) and three Children In Need Specials. In the latter, the person who had donated the most to Children In Need would be rewarded by appearing on the show: he/she could bring along a friend or relative, who would be on the opposite team, while the two remaining guest slots would always be filled by [[Terry Wogan]] and [[Ken Bruce]]. The 1998 special guest was Marjorie Longdin, William Hague's aunt, no less: having won the National Lottery, she had very generously donated much of the money to Children In Need. Her friend (and opponent) was her local vicar, The Reverend Andrew Teale - and both proved delightful and very good at the game. When Marjorie correctly guessed one of Sandi's definitions, Sandi told her admiringly, "No wonder you picked the correct Lottery numbers". In addition, there were several occasions on which husbands and wives appeared on opposite teams. The late Edward Woodward (well OK, he wasn't late at the time) once appeared on Sandi's team while his wife, Michele Dotrice, was on Alan's - and there was plenty of amusing banter between the two, especially when they guessed (or failed to guess) each other's definitions. On another occasion, James Bolam was on Sandi's team and his wife Susan Jameson on Alan's - once again, the show proved highly entertaining. Another time, a famous father and son (on-screen only in this case) appeared on opposite teams: ''EastEnders'' actor Shaun Williamson was on Alan's team and his fellow-actor, Tony Caunter, who played Williamson's father in said soap, was on Sandi's. At one point Sandi joked, "Shaun - let's have a bit of respect for your father", never mind the fact that the two actors weren't actually related in real life. == Web links == [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Call_My_Bluff Wikipedia entry] == Pictures == <div class="image"><IMG src="/atoz/programmes/c/call_my_bluff/call my bluff.jpg" alt="call my bluff.jpg" width="225" height="151">''From left to right - Robert Morley, Robin Ray, Frank Muir''</div> <div class="image">[[Image:Call_my_bluff_boardgame.jpg|250px]]''Box cover from a vintage board game, featuring Marshall, Robinson and Muir''</div> [[Category:Panel Game]] [[Category:Lying]] [[Category:Long-Running]] [[Category:Words]]
Return to Call My Bluff.
Retrieved from "http://www.ukgameshows.com/ukgs/Call_My_Bluff"
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>> CRI Home page » announcement » president » 2009_news » 2009_02_24_liver_cancer
HRH Princess Chulabhorn opened the symposium on “Frontiers in Liver Cancer Prevention, Diagnosis, Prognosis and Treatment” (24 February 2009)
Professor Dr. Her Royal Highness Princess Chulabhorn, President of the Chulabhorn Research Institute, graciously presided at the opening of the symposium on “Frontiers in Liver Cancer Prevention, Diagnosis, Prognosis and Treatment” which was held at the convention center, Chulabhorn Research Institute on 24 February 2009.
The meeting was organized to incorporate a Thailand-USA workshop bringing together researchers, clinicians, epidemiologists and bio-informaticians from Thailand and the United States who are experts in cancer biology and genetics, with special reference to research into liver cancer.
In the opening address, Her Royal Highness thanked distinguished colleagues from National Cancer Institute of the United States, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Georgetown and Massachusetts Institute of Technology who had come to participants in the meeting and shared with Thai colleagues their research findings, experience and expertise in the area of liver cancer, which is now the number one cause of death in Thailand and the third cause of death worldwide.
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Oromosavank – The Tomb of Armenian Kings
March 6, 2019Culture, HistoryComments: 0
The monastery complex Oromosavank or Khoshavank is one of the most outstanding examples of Armenian architecture of the 10th-11th centuries. It is located in the territory of modern Turkey, in the Kars Province, 15 kilometers northeast of the medieval capital of Armenia Ani, on the right bank of the Akhuryan River, in a closed border area. At one time, the monastery was one of the religious and cultural centers of the kingdom of Ani (Bagratid Armenia).
Currently, the monastery complex is in a dilapidated state. However, until 1920 when the Kars region was part of the Russian Empire and then the First Republic of Armenia, the complex, striking with its unique architecture, was fully intact and operational. Oromosavank, like many other Armenian historical and architectural monuments of Kars, was razed in the 60s of the last century.
A few people know that it was in the Oromos monastery where the tomb of the royal dynasty of Bagratids (Bagratuni), the rulers of the Ani Kingdom, was located. Many representatives of the Armenian royal court and princely families have been buried here.
The grave of one of the most prominent Armenian monarchs from the Bagratuni dynasty, King Ashot III the Merciful who reigned 953-977, was also located in Oromosavank.
To the east of the Surb Gevorg Church within the Oromosavank complex are the ruins of a single-nave arched chapel: only two of its walls have survived. It was here in 977 that Ashot III Bagratuni was buried. On the stereoscopic postcards with the image of Ani authored by Aram Vruyr and published in 1909, the grave of the Armenian King is also depicted.
As seen in old photographs, the upper part of the king’s tombstones resembles the base of a khachkar (cross-stone). At the upper pyramid-like portion of the tombstone was engraved the name of the king. Note that the spouse of Ashot III Khosrovanush was buried here.
At the beginning of the 20th century, the Bagratuni tomb in Oromosavank was a frequent place of pilgrimage. Many famous Armenians were photographed here, including Martiros Saryan, Hovhannes Tumanyan, and Avetik Isahakyan.
During the reign of Ashot III, Armenia experienced an economic and cultural flourishing, the country lived in peace. In 961, the residence of the kings was moved from Kars to Ani, which was proclaimed the capital of Armenia.
A fortress wall was erected around Ani, and palaces and other structures were built in the city as well. In Ani and other major cities of Armenia, King Ashot Bagratuni established schools, hospitals, and shelters, for the maintenance of which a separate treasury was dedicated. This was a phenomenon unprecedented for that time.
Ashot III Bagratuni went down in history as a true benefactor, for which he was nicknamed the Merciful. A monument to Ashot the Merciful authored by sculptor Ferdinand Arakelyan stands in Gyumri.
Queen Khosrovanush was not inferior to her husband: in 966, Sanahin Monastery was built thanks to her efforts. In Haghpat, large scientific and educational centers were established in 976 as well.Ruben Shukhyan
Ruben Shukhyan
Oromos, early 20th century
Oromos Monastery. Surb Gevorg Chapel and the grave of King Ashot the Most Gracious (Ashot III Bagratuni)
Monument to Tsar Ashot the Gracious (Ashot III Bagratuni) in Gyumri
Martiros Saryan at the Oromos temple
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How Kids Fare in the Senate “Tax Cuts and Jobs Act”
Bill Commentary
The Senate to Vote on the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act
The Senate is poised to vote on its version of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act this week. Though the Senate bill varies significantly and its from its counterpart in the House (which passed in spite of fifteen harmful provisions to kids and families on November 16), the measure will still dramatically overhaul the existing tax code. The Senate bill’s writers claim that it will provide meaningful tax relief to millions of families. However, initial analysis of the bill suggests that the bulk of its tax breaks flow to wealthy families and corporations in the long term. For middle and low income families, especially those in poverty, modest tax relief is temporary—and it comes at a steep price.
Nine Provisions in the Senate Bill That Hurt Children:
Increase to the Deficit will force Spending Cuts: The tax bill would increase the federal deficit by 1.49 trillion dollars over the next decade. According to the Tax Policy Center, these tax cuts will have to be paid for somehow over the long term—probably with some combination of increases in other taxes or cuts in spending. Meanwhile, the bill’s writers have signaled that though some 35 components of the Senate bill are set to expire in eight years, they expect that they would be extended—which would put the bill’s actual long-term cost at far above 1.49 trillion.
How it hurts kids: Programs that support kids and families—like food assistance, Medicaid, housing, and education investments—could all be at risk.
Deficit Spending Now Hurts Children Later: As Maya MacGuineas of the Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget explains, past tax cuts have failed to spark economic growth dollar for dollar—generally leading to larger budget deficits and lower revenue. This is bad for the economy: debt not only suppresses economic growth, it suppresses future wages. The Congressional Budget Office estimates that average income in 30 years will be $5,000 less a year if the national debt continues to grow on its current trajectory.
How it hurts kids: by suppressing future economic growth and earnings, children will pay the high price of the tax bill’s $1.49 trillion addition to the national debt.
Forces Another Tax Fight in Eight Years: The Senate Tax Bill does promise a tax break for most families at every income level in its first few years. However, to avoid violating the Senate’s requirement that the bill not increase the deficit by more than $1.5 trillion over ten years, most of the provisions that provide tax relief to children and families—such as the reduced rates and expanded child tax credit—are set to expire in eight years. Furthermore, the largest share of this temporary tax relief is directed to the wealthiest families, as the Tax Policy Center illustrates.
How it hurts kids: While the bill’s writers are confident that these provisions would be extended due to their popularity, there are no guarantees. As a result, the expiration date creates uncertainty in the tax code. Even worse, it will force kids and families to fight to retain their tax breaks at the expense of a massive deficit increase.
Using the Chained Consumer Price Index (CPI) will Increase Tax Burden: One technical, but quite consequential, change in the tax bill is its replacement of the current measure of inflation—the CPI—to the Chained-CPI. The Chained-CPI is a less generous measure of inflation—and thus it understates the role that inflation plays in increasing incomes. Using this measure to determine tax bracket would, the Tax Foundation explains, place families into higher tax brackets when they don’t deserve to be there. At the same time, tax deductions that are linked to the chained CPI (such as the Earned Income Tax Credit and Standard Deduction) wouldn’t grow as quickly.
How it hurts kids: Not only would families find their tax burden increased substantially over time due to this “bracket creep,” says Howard Gleckman, but low-and-moderate income families would also see the value of their tax deductions eroded over time.
Strips the Child Tax Credit (CTC) from Over One Million Children: Currently, immigrant parents who file their taxes with an Individual Taxpayer Identification Number (ITIN) can claim the CTC on behalf of qualifying children. The Senate tax bill would change the eligibility rules so that only children with a social security number are eligible for the entire child tax credit. This provision targets over one million immigrant children who lack social security numbers, many of whom are among the Child Tax Credit’s most economically vulnerable recipients, according to the Center for Law and Social Policy. It could also add a barrier to accessing the Child Tax Credit for families with newborns or adopted children if they experience unexpected delays in receiving a social security number.
How it hurts kids: Over one million immigrant children would lose the Child Tax Credit, with possible effects on families with newborns and adopted children experiencing delays in receiving social security numbers for their children.
Removes the Personal Exemption for Five Years: The current tax code allows families a tax exemption of $4,050 per person ($4150 in 2018.) Even with the tax bill’s increase of the standard deduction to $18,000 for head of household filers and $24,000 for married joint filers, larger families (single parents with three or more children, married parents with two or more children) would see their taxable income increase, which prevents some from benefiting fully from the bill’s expansion of the child tax credit. Furthermore, large families whose children are in college and are too old to receive the credit would not be able to make up for the loss of the personal exemption with the child tax credit.
How it hurts kids: Removing the personal exemption could penalize larger families, especially those with children in college
Repeals The Entire State and Local Tax (SALT) Deduction: The Senate Tax Bill ends the federal deduction for state and local income, sales, and property taxes. According to the Government Finance Officers Association, the loss of this deduction would likely force states to lower their tax rates to reduce the additional tax burden it would place on residents.
How it hurts kids: Lower state and local taxes would make it harder for states — many of which already face serious budget strains — to raise sufficient revenues in the coming years to invest in K-12 education and child welfare services, both of which rely heavily on state and local funding. The Senate’s positive step to increase the educator expense deduction—a move that would double the current $250 deduction available to teachers who self-supply classroom supplies—will not be enough to counteract the loss that schools will face due to diminished state and local funding streams.
Diminishes the “Orphan Drug” Tax Credit (ODTC): The ODTC allows drug manufacturers to claim a tax credit of 50 percent of the qualified costs of clinical research and drug testing of orphan drugs, which treat rare diseases. Unlike the House, which sought to repeal the credit entirely, the Senate bill makes a series of changes that, according to The National Organization for Rare Disorders, cut the incentive in half, could limit those who qualify, and may interrupt current clinical trials.
How it hurts kids: Even though children comprise only 23 percent of the US population, they represent 50 percent of the Americans suffering from the rare diseases that “orphan drugs” treat, and The American Academy of Pediatrics argues that this credit has spurred the development of drugs specifically targeting children with rare diseases in the past decade—meaning kids with rare diseases will suffer disproportionately if it is weakened.
Repeals the Affordable Care Act’s Individual Mandate: Another controversial provision in the Senate tax bill is the repeal of the Affordable Care Act’s penalty for individuals who can afford insurance but opt not to purchase it. The mandate is an important measure for keeping healthy individuals in the insurance marketplace, which keeps premiums affordable. The Congressional Budget Office estimates that without the mandate, thirteen million fewer people will access health insurance within ten years.
How it hurts kids: The repeal of the Mandate means some families will no longer opt to purchase health insurance through the Marketplace—meaning they also would no longer receive government subsidies to purchase insurance. The Joint Committee on Taxation scores the loss of the subsidies as a net tax increase starting in 2027 for families earning less than $75,000 (half of all US households would also see a tax increase in that same year independent of the mandate repeal). Furthermore, undermining the insurance market could drive the cost of premiums up by 10 percent in 2019, hurting families who remain in the individual marketplace, and would likely also lead to 5 million fewer participants in Medicaid. The Congressional Budget Office estimates that as a result, the federal government would spend less money on the poorest individuals—those earning less than $30,000 a year—as early as 2019.
Three Pieces of the Senate Bill Have Potential to Work Better for Kids:
The Senate tax bill is flawed, but it has at least two policy provisions that could be improved upon to better benefit kids and families:
Make the Child Tax Credit (CTC) Increase Permanent and Refundable at the First Dollar: The Senate bill increases the current CTC from $1,000 to $2,000, shifts the earnings threshold for receiving the credit from $3,000 to $2,500, increases the phase-out threshold to $500,000. The expansion is a marked improvement over current law for some families, but not those who are working-class or living in poverty, argues Senator Marco Rubio. Because the increase is not refundable, it won’t apply to families living under the poverty threshold—the very ones who would benefit most from the additional income. Though the bill indexes the refundable portion of the credit to the chained-CPI, it would take decades for it to experience a commensurate increase to the non-refundable portion. Meanwhile, the Senate’s changes to the earnings thresholds showcase skewed priorities. Those earning less than $10,000 a year would receive what the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities calls a “token” CTC increase of $75—while someone making $500,000 would now qualify for a full $2,000 credit per child.
How it could work better for kids: Instead of increasing the phase-out level, which disproportionately favors wealthy families, the bill should instead make the entire $1,000 Child Tax Credit increase refundable, starting at the taxpayer’s first dollar of earnings. Not only would this better target the credit to those who need assistance the most, but estimates from the Century Foundation suggest that it would increase the cost of the Child Tax Credit by less then $59 billion a year—cheaper than the Senate’s current proposal, which is estimated to cost an average of roughly $68 billion a year.
Pursue a More Comprehensive Paid Leave Program: The Senate bill also creates a two-year pilot program for a paid leave tax credit. The credit would apply to businesses offering full-time employees who earn less than $72,000 a year at least two weeks of paid family and medical leave each year. To receive the credit, employers must pay a minimum of 50 percent of wages, for which they receive a 12.5 percent credit that increases by .25 percent for every additional percentage point of wage replacement. However, the credit maxes out at 25 percent, and it can go to companies already implementing paid leave policies. Aparna Mathur with the American Enterprise Institute points out that on the whole, the credit may not be enough to make paid leave affordable for companies who don’t currently provide it—and thus, may fail to meaningfully expand access to this vital support.
How it could work better for kids: While it is encouraging that lawmakers are attempting to incentivize increased access to paid leave programs, modest employer tax credits are unlikely to spark the kind of comprehensive paid leave that would benefit low-earning families. Lawmakers looking to create equitable access to paid leave should embrace plans like the FAMILY Act (sponsored by Congresswoman DeLauro (D-CT) and Senator Kirsten Gillibrand (D-NY) which would combine employer and employee payroll contributions to create a shared fund for affordable and adequate paid leave for employers of all sizes.
Embrace Potential Amendments to Improve the Child and Dependent Care Credit (CDCTC): The Senate bill does not make any changes to the CDCTC, but several options exist for strengthening and expanding access to this credit. Several lawmakers support the PACE Act (sponsored by Senators Burr R-NC, and King-I, ME) and may introduce it as an amendment to the tax bill when it is on the Senate floor.
How it could work better for kids: The PACE Act would increase the value of the CDCTC, make it refundbale, and index it to inflation. Lawmakers should take the opportunity to support targeted improvements to the CDCTC to help families mitigate the skyrocketing cost of childcare.
The Bottom Line: This Tax Code Overhaul Doesn’t Invest in Children
We urge lawmakers to pursue bipartisan tax reform that prioritizes moderate and low-income families in the long term, without jeopardizing government spending that provides crucial supports for children.
Tax Policy Bill Commentary
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Seton Mains, fort
A Scheduled Monument in Preston, Seton and Gosford, East Lothian
Mapcode National: GBR 2L.X38W
Mapcode Global: WH7TW.28F9
Entry Name: Seton Mains, fort
Scheduled Date: 10 March 1995
Last Amended: 22 November 2019
Category: Prehistoric domestic and defensive: fort (includes hill and promontory fort)
Location: Tranent
County: East Lothian
Electoral Ward: Preston, Seton and Gosford
Traditional County: East Lothian
The monument comprises an enclosed prehistoric settlement (a fort) visible as cropmarks recorded on aerial photographs to the west and above the Seton Dean burn. The fort is D-shaped on plan, defined by an outer enclosing ditch and two further inner palisades. At least four roundhouses have been identified within the interior. The fort occupies higher ground above the Seton Burn which would have originally formed the eastern boundary of the fort.
The fort measures around 100m in diameter within three concentric enclosures. The outermost comprises a ditch ending in curved terminals, the gap between which forms an entrance of 7.5m in width. The second enclosure comprises a narrower sub-circular ditch around 1m in width with slots cut for a timber palisade. There is a gap which forms an entrance which is offset to the north of the outer enclosure entrance. The innermost enclosure also comprises a sub-circular ditch around 1m in width with evidence for a timber palisade. Within the inner enclosure are the remains of a round house. The remains of two further round houses lie to the south and were built over the outermost of the palisades indicating that they are later in date than that feature.
The scheduled area is irregular. It includes the remains described above and an area around within which evidence relating to the monument's construction, use and abandonment is expected to survive, as shown in red on the accompanying map. The scheduling specifically excludes the above ground elements of all the modern boundaries, the above and below ground elements of the Scottish Water pumping station 11m northeast of The Larches and the top 20cm of all roads and tracks to allow for their maintenance.
The national importance of the monument is demonstrated in the following way(s) (see Designations Policy and Selection Guidance, Annex 1, para 17):
a. The monument is of national importance because it makes a significant contribution to our understanding of the past as a fort dating to the middle Bronze Age to early Iron Age. It adds to our understanding of prehistoric society in eastern Scotland and the function, use and development of forts and other enclosed settlements at this time.
b. The monument retains structural and other physical attributes which make a significant contribution to our understanding of the past. The plan of the monument is clear and understandable through the cropmark evidence and there is significant potential for the survival of buried archaeological deposits. The monument can significantly add to our understanding of domestic settlement, agriculture and economy during the Iron Age.
d. The monument is a particularly good example of a D-shaped fort dating to the middle Bronze Age to early Iron Age with multiple enclosures and evidence of internal structures. It is therefore an important representative sample of this monument type.
e. The monument has research potential which could significantly contribute to our understanding of the past. Its enclosure ditches and round house remains could provide material for carbon dating which when compared with similar monuments could contribute to a better understanding of the chronological development of settlement during this period of Scottish prehistory. Additionally, environmental material surviving within these buried features, particularly the ditches, could also provide information on diet, agricultural practice and local ecology.
Assessment of Cultural Significance
This statement of national importance has been informed by the following assessment of cultural significance:
Intrinsic characteristics (how the remains of a site or place contribute to our knowledge of the past)
The monument is a fort, an enclosed prehistoric settlement which is likely to date from mid Bronze Age to early Iron Age. The monument is visible as cropmarks on oblique aerial photographs. Excavations of similar monuments in East Lothian such as East Linton, fort, 800m SW of (scheduled monument SM4169) have shown prolonged periods of occupation or reoccupation of this type of monument with dates ranging from 1370-1050 BC to 390-200 BC. This range of dates span the mid Bronze Age to early Iron Age.
The plan of the monument is clear and understandable forming a D-shape. The fort comprises three concentric enclosure ditches bounded to the east by a steep drop to the Seton Burn. The central and inner ditches are likely to be the remains of slots for timber palisades, the entrances of which are offset to the north of the outer enclosure's entrance. At least four round houses, an L-shaped post setting and two thin ditches, are visible also. Two of the round houses overly the central enclosure's southern ditch. This arrangement of offset and overlying features indicates that this is a multi-phase settlement which retains structural and physical attributes that can significantly add to our understanding of domestic settlement, agriculture and economy during the Iron Age.
There is good potential for the survival of buried archaeological features and deposits, including occupation and abandonment debris, artefacts and environmental remains within the monument. Excavations at Whittinghame Tower, enclosure 250m SW of (scheduled monument SM6067) have provided evidence of crops such as hulled barley, oats and emmer wheat and artefacts such as a copper and blue enamel stud, stone tools, decorated stone, a saddle quern and pottery. This monument has the potential to add to our understanding of settlement, land-use and environment, diet, and social status of the occupants, as well as the structure of contemporary society and economy. Scientific study of this site would allow us to confirm the date range of the monument any possible development sequence through radiocarbon dating.
Contextual characteristics (how a site or place relates to its surroundings and/or to our existing knowledge of the past)
Forts and defended settlements are found throughout Scotland, however, this monument is a particularly good example of a D-shaped fort. Being bounded to the Seton Burn would have made the fort easily defendable form the east. It is part of a wider group of sixty such sites in East Lothian which make use of a drop to a gully, watercourse or escarpment to enclose one side of the settlement. The fort is sited in a flat area that rises gently from the coast line. This would have provided uninterrupted views of the surrounding landscape.
The fort may be related to other later prehistoric settlements in the area, such as Riggonhead (Canmore ID 54993) and Seton West Mains, enclosures 500 SW of, (scheduled monument SM5687). There is potential to study these sites together to better understand their functions within the local communities, settlement hierarchy and possible chronological development in the area. The monument has the potential to enhance and broaden our understanding of prehistoric society and community as well as social organisation, land division and land use.
Associative characteristics (how a site or place relates to people, events, and/or historic and social movements)
There are no known associative characteristics that contribute to this site's cultural significance.
Historic Environment Scotland http://www.canmore.org.uk reference number CANMORE ID 54928 (accessed on 15/08/2019).
Local Authority HER/SMR Reference MEL505 (accessed on 15/08/19).
Haselgrove, C. and Hale D. 2009 The Evaluations at East Bearford, Foster Law and East Linton. In: Haselgrove, C. (ed.)The Traprain Law Environs Project Fieldwork and Excavations 2000-2004 Edinburgh, Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, 99-115.
ScARF 2012 Hunter, F. and Carruthers, M. (eds) Iron Age Scotland Scottish Archaeological Research Framework: Society of Antiquaries of Scotland. Available online at http://tinyurl.com/cx4nlt8 (accessed on 14/08/2019).
ScARF 2012 Downes J. (ed.) Chalcolithic and Bronze Age Scotland: ScARF Panel Report Scottish Archaeological Research Framework:Society of Antiquaries of Scotland. Available online at https://scottishheritagehub.com/node/1203 (accessed on (15/08/2019).
https://canmore.org.uk/site/54928/
Seton Mains, enclosure and ring ditch, 300m north east of
Tranent
Seton Collegiate Church
Southfield,ring ditch 350m south west of
Gladsmuir
Greendykes,enclosure 200m west of
Greendykes, enclosure 310m SSE of
Seton West Mains, enclosures 500m south west of
Tranent Tower
Preston,market cross
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« Neil Gorsuch and the living Constitution lie | Marijuana helping (mostly liberal) women give birth to mentally impaired babies »
Schumer and his pals campaigning hard for Trump's re-election
It's 1968 all over again. Violent protesters are filling the streets, lighting fires, vandalizing private and public property, and beating people without knowing what "side" those people support.
Most likely there was some spontaneity to the protests of the 1960s; college students did not want to be drafted into the military. Once Nixon ended the draft in 1973, the protests stopped.
This time, it's different. The protests against Trump and all things conservative and Republican are organized, paid for, the protesters and vandals recruited and trained by a panoply of radical leftist groups, some of them funded by the odious nihilist George Soros.
He funded the many groups that recruited the marchers for the Women's "pussy" March that took place the day after Trump's inauguration as well. What was the purpose of that march? Unclear. There was no stated purpose beyond hating the newly elected president. Many of the marchers were completely unable to articulate why they were there. Trump had been president for a day, and they were blaming him for every imaginable and imaginary potential blight upon their womanhood. The woman who headed up the march, Linda Sarsour, is a Muslim sharia law supporter with a vicious streak. The women who marched were pawns in a very dangerous game. They willingly and unwittingly gave their contact information to a communist group.
All of this brings us to the latest rent-a-mobs. What happened at U.C. Berkeley Wednesday night was appalling. At the home of the Free Speech Movement of 1964-65, there is no longer even a semblance of respect or reverence for free speech. Mario Savio is rolling over in his grave. A calculated riot took place to prevent Milo Yiannopoulos, a young gay Jewish conservative, from speaking. Protests occur everywhere he appears, and his talks are often canceled for the same reason: militant intolerance. These radical leftists are the new fascists. They have gone so far to the left that they've run smack into Mussolini, Hitler, and Stalin on the circle of ideologies. Hitler's Nazism was only a hair's-width different from Stalin's communism anyway.
Sen. Schumer is playing the pitiful fool in this grand hysterical play. He thinks that by crying fake tears over a few detained immigrants from nations known to harbor and train terrorists, he will reinvigorate the Democratic Party. He has never cried over the thousands of Americans killed in Chicago or the hundreds of thousands brutally killed in the Middle East thanks to the policies of Obama or the victims of illegal immigrant criminals. Like Nancy Pelosi, he is absolutely clueless as to how Trump won, so he is doubling down on what he knows: denigrate, disparage, and lie. And the more he plays this part, the more people support Trump and his take-no-prisoners style.
Keep it up, Chuck. Along with all the professional protesters, you are guaranteeing Trump's re-election just as the protesters of the 1960s guaranteed Nixon's victory.
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Cirrus Aircraft
U.S. Navy Poised to Launch Lockheed Martin-Built MUOS-3 Secure Communications Satellite
Aerospace, Defense, Lockheed Martin, Press Releases
CAPE CANAVERAL AIR FORCE STATION, Fla., Jan. 16, 2015 – The U.S. Navy and Lockheed Martin [NYSE: LMT] are ready to launch the third Mobile User Objective System (MUOS) satellite, MUOS-3, here on Tuesday, Jan. 20 aboard a United Launch Alliance Atlas V rocket. The launch window is between 7:43 p.m. and 8:27 p.m. EST.
A live launch broadcast will begin at 7:23 p.m. EST and will be accessible via the United Launch Alliance webcast. Click here for the live launch broadcast and webcast details.
MUOS operates like a smart phone network in the sky, vastly improving current secure mobile satellite communications for warfighters on the move. Unlike previous systems, MUOS provides users an on-demand, beyond-line-of-sight capability to transmit and receive high-quality, prioritized voice and mission data, on a high-speed Internet Protocol-based system.
“The launch of MUOS-3, and the near-term certification of our fourth and final Radio Access Facility, brings us to the brink of the global coverage we anticipate for MUOS communications. This government and contractor team knows how important this capability is for our protectors in harm’s way,” said Iris Bombelyn, vice president of Narrowband Communications at Lockheed Martin. “To deliver a satellite like MUOS is no small task and the team worked around the clock and through every holiday. We are honored to do so, because we know that our warfighters never stop in their own mission to keep us safe.”
Replacing the legacy Ultra High Frequency (UHF) Follow-On system, MUOS satellites have two payloads to ensure access to UHF narrowband communications as well as new capabilities. MUOS’ advanced Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) payload incorporates commercial technology and a new waveform to provide users priority-based capacity. Once fully operational, MUOS will provide 16 times the capacity of the legacy system. More than 50,000 terminals that are in the field today can be retro-fitted with WCDMA.
The MUOS-3 satellite was built at Lockheed Martin’s Sunnyvale, California manufacturing facility. The satellite was shipped to Cape Canaveral Air Force Station on Nov. 5, and encapsulated into its launch fairing on Dec. 18.
Lockheed Martin Space Systems, Sunnyvale, California, is the MUOS prime contractor and system integrator. The Navy’s Program Executive Office for Space Systems and its Communications Satellite Program Office, San Diego, California, are responsible for the MUOS program.
Headquartered in Bethesda, Maryland, Lockheed Martin is a global security and aerospace company that employs approximately 113,000 people worldwide and is principally engaged in the research, design, development, manufacture, integration and sustainment of advanced technology systems, products and services. The Corporation’s net sales for 2013 were $45.4 billion.
SOURCE: Lockheed Martin
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Revolutionary Citation Longitude Enters the NetJets Fleet
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Part 1: On Anthropology, Inspiration from Haiti
While trained as a cultural anthropologist, I also work within linguistics and have worked as an archaeologist. This freedom to be more holistic in my research is, I feel, one of anthropology’s strongest attractions. Combining this with anthropology’s hands-on field research with Native American communities, I find it immensely meaningful to teach anthropology in the university and conduct research that is beneficial to others. Giving back to the community, for which anthropological research relies on, is always a concern. This is especially the case when longstanding oppression has taken a toll in communities, such as Native Americans, that not only face socio-economic, but health-related concerns. In spite of these longstanding problems though, Native American communities have continuously demonstrated their resiliency. It is this connection with Native American peoples and issues that drew me to the victims of the earthquake in Haiti earlier this year. I know no one in Haiti and have never been to Haiti, but as a cultural anthropologist and even more importantly as a humanist, I recognized the need to apply my knowledge and skills somehow.
Clean potable water has been a problem in Haiti for some time and although there are efforts to curtail continued environmental devastation, eroded land makes agriculture difficult. Socio-economic issues, such as imported commodity foods sold more cheaply than those produced in Haiti are coupled with cyclical poverty and result in significant food insecurity for many Haitians. They, too, are an oppressed community, but one marked with historical resiliency. I felt compelled to do something more for Haitians given their devastating circumstances, so organizing a water and food relief effort became evident. I envisioned organizing anthropology students from Valdosta State University (VSU) in south Georgia to collect rice, beans, and water for victims. Rice and beans are two important staples for Haitians, and consequently two affordable food sources for most Americans. Recognizing students have limited funds, I felt physical donations consisting of inexpensive bags of rice, beans, and bottled water made more sense than soliciting monetary donations. I also worked collaboratively with colleagues, administration, and student organizations from VSU as well as the American Red Cross and Second Harvest Food Bank. What began as a simple idea of collecting food and water grew into a city-wide relief effort. There was extensive media coverage including television, radio, and print media; and I began a Facebook group. Social networking quickly proved useful because it was an easy way for students and others from the community to post questions, concerns, and commentary about Valdosta’s response to the Haiti earthquake. It also enabled me to keep everyone abreast of continuing developments regarding the relief event.
The relief event took place ten days after the earthquake struck. We set up a drive-thru in the VSU baseball stadium parking lot to facilitate donation activity and the turn-out was remarkable. The American Red Cross’s disaster relief team collected monetary and blood donations, and Second Harvest Food Bank supplied a crew for collecting, palleting, and trucking donations to storage. Additionally, over 50 students from an area middle school volunteered. In all, we collected 35,000 pounds of food and water equivalent to 17 tons. Second Harvest Food Bank trucked 1/3 of the donations to Miami, Florida, where the State Department then flew the shipment to Haiti. The remaining 2/3 of the donations were picked up by the Feed the Children organization and then flown gratis by FedEX to Port au Prince where the shipment was immediately trucked to and distributed at the Feed the Children refugee camp housing 15,000 Haitians.
End of Part 1, look for Part 2 of this special 2 part article this coming Monday!
In the meantime, check out these other links about VSU's rice, beans and water drive for Haiti:
VSU Continues to aid Haitian Disaster Relief Efforts
WCTV-TV article
Dr. Melissa A. Rinehart is an Assistant Professor of Anthropology at Valdosta State University in Valdosta, Georgia. With a specialization in Native American Studies, her work bridges ethnographic and historical methodologies. As an ethnohistorian, she has several areas of interest including the removal and boarding school eras, language shift and revitalization, identity and performance, and indigenous resistance. Ongoing research projects include Native American participation at the World’s Columbian Exposition in Chicago in 1893, and a book project concerning a former Catholic Indian boarding school, St. Joseph’s Indian Normal School, in operation from 1888 to 1896, in Rensselaer, Indiana.
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Office of the President -- Robert S. McNamara (President, 1968 - 1981), 1 resultados 1
Robert S. McNamara became World Bank President on April 1, 1968 and served 2 full five year terms and a partial term, leaving on June 30, 1981. The records are a very full account of his long and active presidency. Every part of the world is reflected in these records, as well as virtually every economic issue of the 1970s. Any student of the Bank during the McNamara years will find reading these records an essential first step for research.
When McNamara came to the World Bank, it was lending about $1 billion per year. When he left in 1981, Bank lending stood at about $12 billion a year. In addition to the dramatic increase in volume of loans, he refocused Bank lending beyond infrastructure and projects to basic human needs and poverty reduction. Using the term absolute poverty, his annual meeting speech in Nairobi in 1973 marked a turning point by identifying promoting rural development and alleviating the conditions of life to the poor as crucial development goals. He identified population growth as a major issue for the Bank to address and the Bank began proving support for family planning programs. The Bank also began providing loans for pollution control.
McNamara proposed the formation of the Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research (CGIAR), which makes major contributions to increasing global food production and reducing hunger. He mobilized Bank resources to launch an international onchocercieasis (river blindness) control program. He initiated two international commissions to examine world development: the Pearson Commission in 1968 and the Brandt Commission in 1977. The Joint Ministerial Committee of the Board of Governors of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund on the Transfer of Real Resources to Developing Countries, usually known as the Development Committee, was established in 1974 to support international cooperation in development activities and coordination of international efforts in finance development, and to provide advice to the Board of Governors of the Bank and the Fund on all aspects of the transfer of real resources to developing countries. And in 1978 the World Development Report was launched, the Bank's flagship publication on development issues.
Records of all these activities can be found in the records of the McNamara presidency. An unusually large number of records are annotated by McNamara, providing unparalleled insight into the thinking and decision-making processes of the president.
The records also include files form assistants to the President, notably two series from economic adviser Irving S. Friedman that include his correspondence with both President George Woods and President McNamara.
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Leveraging Global Innovative Solutions for Ocular Therapeutics
ARVN001 (known as XIPERE™ in the US)
ARVN002 (MicroPine)
ARVN003 (MicroLine)
Proprietary suspension of the corticosteroid triamcinolone acetonide for suprachoroidal administration
Front / Back of the Eye
Uveitis (macular edema associated with uveitis)
Uveitis is a general term for a series of ocular inflammatory diseases, including about 30 types of ocular inflammatory diseases, which can be divided into anterior uveitis, posterior uveitis, and intermediate uveitis according to the site of the disease.
Uveitis is a common ophthalmic disease that can cause some serious complications and sequelae. It is one of the main causes of blindness.
There are several million Uveitis patients in China. Most patients are between 20 and 60 years of age.
Up to 70% of uveitis patients are also accompanied by macular edema. There is currently no approved treatment for macular edema secondary to uveitis worldwide.
Diabetic Macular Edema (DME)
Diabetic Macular Edema (DME) is a common manifestation of Diabetic Retinopathy (DR, one of the most common complications of diabetes mellitus), and a cause of serious central visual loss and impairment in diabetic patients if left untreated.
In China, over 60mn people will have DM by 2030, and 10% -20% of them will develop DR, among them, ~10% will progress to DME.
IVT anti-VEGF is the first-line treatment for DME, however it has 30%-40% non-responsive rate. The frequent injection also brings huge burden for patients; Intravitreal steroid injection is also used as an alternative treatment, while side effects of ocular steroid (cataract and increased IOP) are always concerning.
Progressive Myopia
Progressive myopia is a back-of-the-eye condition commonly known as nearsightedness. In China, more than 100 million children and adolescents are estimated to have developed progressive myopia, who suffer from uncontrolled axial elongation of the sclera leading to increasing levels of myopia, and in some cases major pathologic changes such as retinal atrophy, macular staphylomas, retinal detachment and visual impairment.
Presbyopia is the hardly preventable, age related hardening of the lens, which causes a gradual loss of the eye’s ability to focus on nearby objects. In China, there were over 100 million middle-aged and elder people estimated with presbyopia. Current treatment options are typically device-based, such as reading glasses and contact lenses.
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Greater China & South Korea
Arctic Vision China R&D Progress Partners R&D Progress
Arctic Vision is a clinical stage specialty ophthalmology company focused on developing breakthrough therapies with high commercial value to address the unmet clinical needs. Our vision is to become a leading ophthalmology company in China and lead China's ophthalmology market. Arctic Vision is established by top-tier life sciences investors, and led by an elite team of ophthalmic industry veterans with substantial and compelling China and global experiences in R&D and commercialization of eye care products.
Eddy WuPh.D.
Dr. Eddy Wu is the founder and CEO of Arctic Vision, before he founded Arctic Vision, he was the Head of Terns China Biotechnology where he is responsible for directing and overseeing all aspects of R&D activities as well as general management responsibilities. Before Terns, he was the Executive Medical Director at Allergan China where he is responsible for Allergan’s overall R&D, clinical, medical and portfolio strategy for China. Dr. Wu started his career at Novartis, During his tenure in Novartis, he was based in Basel, Hong Kong, and Taiwan and held various positions with increasing responsibilities and gained in first-hand global experience. At the Novartis Headquarter, He served as regional medical director and head of Health Economics & Outcome Research (HEOR) for AMAC (Asia-Pacific, Middle East, & African Countries), China & Japan.
Dr. Wu graduated with a bachelor’s degree in Biochemistry from the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), where he also obtained his Ph.D. in Biochemistry.
Qing Liu M.D., Ph.D.
Vice President, Clinical and Regulatory Affairs
Dr. Qing Liu has 16 Years of clinical, scientific research and industry experience of ophthalmology. Before joining Arctic Vision, she served as Head of Clinical Development & Medical Affairs for Alcon Greater China region, and Medical Director of Alcon Asia Pacific Region, following her roles as Head of Eye Care Medical Affairs in Allergan China, and Scientific Lead for Glaucoma in Allergan Asia Pacific Region, where she has led and driven the successful clinical development and launch of a wide range of ophthalmic drugs, devices and OTC products.
Dr. Liu completed the clinical training of Ophthalmology in Wuhan Tongji Medical College in her early career, and was selected to join the European Commission Marie-Curie Research Training Networks for Retina Neurobiology-Vision Regulation research, and received her PhD from Leipzig University of Germany.
York Chen M.D., EMBA
Vice President, Operations and Commercial Planning
York Chen brings 20 years sales and marketing experience focusing in ophthalmic products. Before joining Arctic Vision, he headed Allergan China’s eye care business with full profit & loss responsibility of more than 10 products (Ozurdex, Ganfort, Lumigan, Combigan, Refresh Tears, etc.), covering four different treatment area (Retina/Glaucoma/Stac/Tears). Previously, he was the National Sales Manager at Alcon, leading the sales for multiple projects. Earlier in his career, York served at MSD and Boehringer Ingelheim with extensive experience in management of sales, marketing, distributors, private hospitals, and key accounts.
York graduated from Shanghai JiaoTong university with a bachelor\'s degree in stomatology and obtained his EMBA from China Europe International Business School (CEIBS).
Simon TsangPh.D.
Chief Business Officer
Simon joined Arctic Vision as Chief Business Officer in 2020. He is also an Operating Partner for Pivotal bioVentures. For nearly 20 years, Simon has had helped organizations create, develop, and partner their most innovative programs or acquire strategic assets.
Before joining Arctic Vision, Simon has held strategy and business development leadership roles at 28-7, Tesaro, MedImmune/AstraZeneca, Amgen, Constellation, Massachusetts General Hospital, and L.E.K. Consulting. He has helped those companies transform from R&D to commercial stage, build virtual pipelines, make their first forays into emerging markets, and aggressively move into new therapeutic areas of focus. Simon’s projects have spanned pharmaceuticals, software, and medical devices across many therapeutic areas. His transactional expertise encompasses M&A, global and regional strategic collaborations, co-promotions, platform partnering, and spin-outs.
Simon received his Ph.D. in Biophysics from Harvard and B.S. in Molecular Biology from the University of California, San Diego.
Chris FangMBA
Senior Director, Corporate Development
10 years of corporate development and investment experience at buy-side, investment banking, and international consulting firms IR lead at I-Mab Biopharma, successfully completed its crossover and $807mn market cap NASDAQ IPO.
Ping ChengCA/CFA
Associate Vice President, Finance
Ms. Ping Cheng has almost 20 years of experience of financial management, investing and consulting. Before joining Arctic Vision, she has worked as the Finance VP of Ark Biosciences Inc. She started her career as a chartered accountant and corporation tax consultant in Ernest & Young’s financial services office in London after her University degree, and then joined Credit Suisse’s UK securities business as an Equity Analyst. In 2011, She became the Head of Shanghai office of DBS Vickers as its lead analyst covering the China Insurance sectors. Ms. Cheng also worked in corporate buy-out for some China’s largest industrial conglomerates including Fosun International.
Ms. Cheng graduated from School of Management, University of Bradford (UK) with a Bachelor’s degree in 2001. She is qualified as a Chartered Accountant with Institute of Chartered Accountant of Scotland (ICAS) and has a CFA designation.
Arctic Vision to Present in the 39th Annual J.P. Morgan Healthcare Conference
Arctic Vision announced the participation of Dr. Eddy Wu in the 39th Annual J.P. Morgan Healthcare Conference on January 13 and 14, 2021.
Arctic Vision obtains the first IND approval for the treatment of UME in China, Suprachoroidal space (SCS) injection potentially brings more benefits to patients
Dec 24, 2020, Arctic Vision announced the clearance of the IND for Phase III trial of ARVN001 for the treatment of Uveitic Macular Edema (UME) by NMPA
Eyenovia Announces FDA Acceptance of IND for MicroLine for Presbyopia, clearing Path to Initiate Phase 3 Vision Trial by Year End
Dec 3, 2020, Eyenovia announced FDA acceptance on its IND application for MicroLine, and that they intended to initiate the Phase 3 VISION program later this month
Suite 1732, 17F, Tower 1, Century Link, 1198 Century Avenue, Pudong New District, Shanghai, China
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Home/Books/Quentin Blake’s row with ‘unhappy Roald Dahl’ as pair disagreed over BFG sketch | Books | Entertainment
Quentin Blake’s row with ‘unhappy Roald Dahl’ as pair disagreed over BFG sketch | Books | Entertainment
admin 1 giorno ago Books Leave a comment 3 Views
The illustrator is one of the UK’s most iconic voices in children’s literature, drafting images for more than 300 books, including 18 written by Dahl. The 88-year-old’s own story, the Clown, will be given new life today as his creation comes to Channel 4, capturing Blake’s unique hand-drawn style. It revolves around a toy clown who is trying to find a new home after being thrown away, and is a character Blake describes as one of his favourites.
Speaking before its festive release, the illustrator admitted it was “wonderful now to see him off the page and running about on his own”.
Arguably his biggest achievement in a career that has spanned decades, was his collaborations with Dahl, which re-engaged a generation of children with reading.
Yet, one row between the pair over the appearance of the Big Friendly Giant – or BFG – saw both writer and illustrator make wholesale changes to the book and images.
Having previously worked together on The Enormous Crocodile and The Twits, the pair readied themselves for their third piece – the BFG.
Originally Blake sent a set of two illustrations to Dahl, which were instantly rejected by the author as “there weren’t enough of them”.
He continued: “This was a much longer book so I was not surprised when my editor asked me to produce simply 12 full-page drawings for a modest payment.
“I did these and everything was at the printers when I received a phone call to say that our author ‘was not happy.’
“This was not because Roald had disliked the drawings, but because there were not enough of them.”
JUST IN: Matilda cast – Where are they now?
Blake was discussing the drawings as part of an exhibition in 2016, which displayed some of the illustrator’s unpublished works.
According to the Evening Standard, among some of the problems Blake faced with producing the character, was keeping up with the ever changing text Dahl was creating.
It also saw Blake’s images influence the telling of his story.
He explained there “were times when Dahl would take the drawings into account in the story”, adding: “When I did the drawings for the BFG I gave him an apron, like Dahl said, but when he looked at it flapping around, he said, ‘this won’t do’, and rewrote it.”
The process allowed Blake to “get a sense of greater dimension” to the BFG than he had before, enjoying the character’s “human side”.
He detailed how this new BFG was “gentler… grandfatherly”, concluding during a 2016 BBC interview: “The Twits was a very black story, with vicious humour – which has made it a favourite with children.
“But The BFG has got mystery and wonder in it. It’s much more sympathetic. It’s actually about a relationship.”
Quentin Blake’s Clown, narrated by The Crown star Helena Bonham-Carter, airs on tonight at 7.45pm.
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Narrative Cartography: Mapping My Way to the End
November 29, 2006 October 23, 2020 ~ Jenny ~ 22 Comments
Writing a book is like wandering in a strange country. You’d think since I made up the country I’d know my way around, but I don’t because I only think I made it up. My theory is that the core of the story exists in my subconscious and that my job is to get out of my own way and let that story emerge as I write. That’s great for a first draft, but that’s also how I end up in a strange country.
So then I take a step back and start to try to make sense of things. For some reason tonight, it struck me that what I do is make a map. I’m lost in a wilderness, and I stand in the middle of it and I say, “Okay, where’s the north star? Right there, there’s my protagonist. Now what does she want and who’s keeping her from getting it? Keep your eyes on that, Jenny, because that’s true north.” (Actually, the symbol I usually think of is Wallace Stevens’ jar in Tennessee, but that doesn’t work with the map metaphor, so we’re deep-sixing that for now.) Then all I have to do is figure out what kind of map I’m going to make to get myself to the end, keeping my eyes on the True North of the heart of the story.
Usually it’s the four act structure which I diagram out on my big white board in four columns. I look for turning points, first the point in the middle where the protagonist experiences an event that is so life-changing that she can’t go back to where she began the story, she’s too much a different person now. Then I look for the event before that, midway between the beginning and the midpoint, that also had a remarkable impact on her, turning her in her journey. And the point on the other side, midway between the midpoint and the climax, the dark moment, going to hell in the classics, where the protagonist is tested the most. Those three events divide the book into four chunks or acts, four shorter stories if you will, each with its own narrative arc that I can then diagram out on my big white board, but this time with Agnes, the map just didn’t fit the terrain. We had an excellent three act structure, but the fourth wouldn’t diagram, I couldn’t even get it on the white board, so I couldn’t find my way home.
Then I went to my intuitive map: the collage. I’d tried collaging the book earlier and it wasn’t working at all: bland, predictable, no oomph, no excitement. I chalk this up to the fact that I was writing to my partner’s outline at the time, but I may just have been pushing too hard. Sometimes you have to wander around the strange country for a while before you try to map things out. Then many months later we finished the first draft, and I rewrote and did my four act structure map and my partner signed off on it and we sent it off to our editor and it came back smartly with the rewrite notes: his stuff was great, mine needed work.
Rats. (That wasn’t what I said, but I’m trying to clean up my act.) So I went back and ripped the collage apart and threw myself into the revision of that, just taping things on intuitively, doing a first draft of the collage all over again, and ended up with something pretty interesting. The top twelve inches or so turned out to be Agnes’s life and her relationship with Shane, the hero, and it held together beautifully. Everything else was a mess (which I knew from the revision letter). So I sat down with my paper and my pen and started to look at the elements of the collage and, basically, drew a map of the collage. Instead of “here be dragons,” it was “here be the love triangle complication,” “here be Shane’s troubles in the swamp.” I couldn’t figure out what Agnes’s Mothers were doing in Shane’s swamp until I remember that they were nearby while he was under fire, just as Shane’s stripper was nearby during Agnes’s bachelorette party debacle. That had to mean something, there had to be some road connecting those, so I looked for the paths, the way the characters traveled through the story. Then I pinned the map to the wall and started to structure the collage as I added the missing pieces. And as the collage started to make sense, the book finally started to make sense; the collage began to become the map to the book that I needed.
But there was another map. I went back to the book where both our editor and agent had said that they’d have a much better grasp of what Agnes did for a living if they could actually see some of the columns that she wrote as a food critic, maybe as chapter headings. I was against that because you really need to break chapters at turn-the-page moments, and quotations at the top of chapters pretty much stomp on momentum, but then I thought, “Okay, so maybe on this one, we don’t use chapters.” And I took a step back and looked at the book again. There’s a time lock on this plot: The wedding has to happen by noon on Saturday or Agnes loses her house. With a time lock, one structure that can be effective is one superimposed on the book that lets the reader count down the time to the climax. So I divided the book into days instead of chapters. I hate chapters, they have no narrative meaning, but days had narrative meaning because each one brings Agnes closer to disaster or victory. Of course the big drawback to days is that they usually end with the POV character falling asleep, but in this book, at midnight, Agnes is either having sex or being shot at, and Shane is either having sex or killing somebody, so basically, every section ends with a bang. I also found out that with some cuts which we already knew we were going to have to make, we could almost certainly make each day grow shorter, which would give us the pacing we needed. And I could put the column quote at the beginning of each day since there was going to be a page that said TUESDAY in between each day, not just a “Chapter Twelve,” and a turning point at the end of each day, although I’m still not completely sure I can make the stakes get higher in each of them since they all have to happen at midnight. I’m not a miracle worker. The important thing is, the structure gives the reader a map to the book. She or he knows with each passing day that the climax is drawing closer because the day page is right there, tick tock.
Of course we’re still in the middle of rewrites. By the time this book is in stores in August, all of that may be gone. But right now, I’m happy. I’ve still got the collage to finish, it’s only about two thirds done, and I have those midnight turning points to arc and some how, God help me, I have to raise the stakes each time, and there are about fifty other things to fix, but I know where I’m going. I’m not wandering any more.
I’ve got my maps.
Clue Cake, Anonymity, and Other Unprofessional Behavior
November 15, 2006 May 17, 2020 ~ Jenny ~ 101 Comments
Before we begin, a few disclaimers:
I’m a friend of Anne Stuart, also known as Krissie.
When Harlequin added the moral rights clause to their category contracts in 1995, I called them the Evil Empire on the internet. If I could find the place I said it, I’d link to it, but that was eleven years ago and God knows where it is now, probably orbiting Mars. The gist of it was that HQ had put into its contracts a clause that it could change anything it wanted in the books without the permission of the writers, and I said that was wrong, in several colorful ways that I have forgotten now, but in the midst of that, I definitely called HQ the Evil Empire. I remember that clearly.
I read Miss Snark’s blog for the first time tonight, the entry from 11/03: Nitwit of the Day!
Unprofessional behavior. Yes, I’m talking about the Nitwit of the Day column in which Miss Snark took Anne Stuart to task for saying in public that she was unhappy with her publisher. I had never read Miss Snark before this because I have no time for anonymous writers because unless you have the courage to speak out under your name like, say, oh, Anne Stuart, you can pretty much lob any bomb you want and then slink away into the night while everybody else takes the hit, so you have no accountability and no credibility. So when I heard that Miss Snark was criticizing Krissie, I said, “Oh, for heaven’s sake, nobody even knows who this woman is, she’s just an anonymous blogger sniping at a big name from the underbrush. Why is anybody even paying attention?”
Then I read the column. From the first line, I was appalled. “A big hunk of clue cake for everyone at the book buffet” is not snark, that’s just somebody trying way too hard to be cute. I’m almost certain Television Without Pity invented snark, and they’d spit on “clue cake;” if this person is going to appropriate “snark,” the least she can do is not take its name in vain. Maybe in her other entries she writes with wit and verve, but this is the only one I waded through, and wit was notably lacking. Verve also. She did seem to be having a good time, there was a definite God-I’m-amazingly-brilliant tone throughout, but since that tone present in most of my blog entries, too, I’m going to just let that one lie there.
Then she followed up “clue cake” with:
Don’t diss your publisher in public. Not now, not ever. Not even if you think you’re right, especially when I know you’re wrong.
That was when I thought, “Who is this person and why isn’t she taking her meds?” The day my agent told me “Don’t diss your publisher in public” and then followed it up with “even if you think you’re right, especially when I know you’re wrong” would be the day I’d be announcing on the net that Jenny Crusie was looking for a new agent. Talk about unprofessional behavior; this is not the way a good agent speaks to a client or writes on the internet. (I know, ironic, isn’t it?) She’s telling authors in general and Anne Stuart in particular, “Do not say disrespectful things about your publisher on the internet because I know it’s wrong. Do what I say, because I know all.” Which is when I say to her clients, “Run, Forrest, run.” Or whatever the hell your names are, which you don’t know, either, because she’s anonymous. But if you’re an author and your agent has ever said to you, “Don’t argue with me, just do what I say because I know this is right,” run. Delusion of omnipotence is a bad sign in an agent.
One reason it’s a bad sign is that it leads to bad conclusions, and Miss Snark’s Nitwit Blog is an excellent example of this. She wrote:
Here’s why dissing your publisher is stupid. It removes every desire to go the extra mile for you. Every and any.
But Krissie felt her publisher wasn’t going the extra mile and wasn’t ever going to in the future. She was already past the point that Miss Snark was threatening her with. (And by the way, why are we so sure that Miss Snark is an agent? She’s sure threatening for the publishers here.) Miss Snark’s conclusion was that Krissie should have remained silently unhappy, that her abiding sin which made her Nitwit of the Day! was that she spoke of her unhappiness. You know, this is not an agent I’d want representing me. “You told people you were unhappy? You’ve ruined your career! Go sit in the corner! Nitwit!” Miss Snark is forgetting the major tenet upon which all publishing rests: If the book makes money, the publisher will go the extra mile, the extra kilometer, the extra continent for it even if the author is the offspring of Godzilla and The Thing. And if the book doesn’t sell, the author can be Susie Nice Girl and the publisher will dump her in a ditch and spread somebody else’s remaindered copies over her body. Making everything much more complicated, if the author doesn’t get publisher support, she won’t sell. And the only way to get publisher support is to make sure the author and the book get noticed. Which is NOT by shutting up. Miss Snark can sit in the concrete bunker of her anonymity and shake her cake-stained finger all she wants, but she’s ignoring the complexity of the situation and, if she’s any kind of agent at all, she knows it and she’s taking the cheap shot at Anne Stuart anyway. If she doesn’t know it, she’s not much of an agent.
Now let’s look at what Krissie actually said in her interview on All About Romance, and then think about what a good agent, safe in an anonymous blog, might have written.
So now I’m with Mira, who promised to love, honor and adore me. And maybe they do, but they could do more. I know every writer says that, and I hate to be greedy and ungrateful, but they’re not so much about the books. They’re about slots and numbers, not about passion for what they’re putting out there. Or so it seems to me. But then, right now I’m pretty disillusioned about the lack of support from them. I’ll get over it. Maybe they’re right and I’m wrong and I’m a middle of the road writer. No, they’re wrong. I’m a goddess. And maybe I’ve misjudged them. It seems to me that they look at my books like boxes of cereal on a shelf, and they’re in the business of selling cereal, not loving it.
Now a smart agent looking for a blog topic would read Krissie’s interview and say, “This is something that everybody in publishing knows but nobody talks about in public (except for Anne Stuart) that some houses are better at taking books to the next level, and I could do it thoroughly because I’m safe behind my anonymity. Or I could go safer and talk about what it means when a well-known author like Anne Stuart is so discouraged about fighting the good fight to get to the top after twenty odd years in publishing that she says, in public on the internet, ‘I just don’t know anymore,’ there’s a good blog in that, what publishing does to the long term author. Or I could go even safer and talk about what happens to both the author and the publisher when communication breaks down to the point that the author becomes so unhappy that she tells an interviewer about it and the consequences for both of them.” But Miss Snark went the safest and most self-centered route of all and said, “Boy, if I call Anne Stuart a nitwit, I can get myself a snappy little column out of this. Because nothing says ‘smart agent’ like making a big name author look bad while sucking up to publishers.” Which is why I’m really starting to think that Miss Snark is not an agent. No good agent I know would ever sound like this. Of course, she’s anonymous, so that makes a difference. Maybe in public, she hides this side and acts like a professional. That would help her keep clients.
The aspect that really makes me think Miss Snark is not an agent is that nowhere in that column does she say what she’d advise Krissie to do in her situation. She has a great time talking about how stupid Krissie is and what a huge mistake she made in speaking out, none of which is helpful in any positive, pro-active way to anybody, but she never says, “If I were Anne Stuart’s agent, here’s what I would have recommended she do in her situation, given her unhappiness with her publisher,” and my guess is that’s because she doesn’t have a clue what Krissie should do. Well, that, and also because there’s no FUN in that. Why be a thoughtful professional when you can be a name-calling mean girl and get the rest of the kids to laugh with you? It’s one thing to call an author to task and say, “That was the wrong thing to do,” but when the agent follows it up with insults instead of insights, I’m not impressed with that agent’s skill set.
But my favorite part is the end where the anonymous blogger makes fun of the author who signed her interview (“Anne Stuart couches her nitwittery behind ‘oh I’m always honest’”) by saying this:
And if you want to comment or email me all atwitter about this post here’s what I have to say to you: ‘I’m always honest’. It’s not true of course. I’ve learned that discretion is the better part of being a grown up.
Well, of course I recognized the maturity in “clue cake” right away (I know, I have to just let that go, but cutesy writing sticks with you like bad shellfish), and I suppose you could stretch and call an anonymous blog “discretion” if someone was doing cutting-edge industry commentary, but that’s not what this blog was; this blog was just plain wrong. Authors can criticize their publishers on the internet and still behave professionally. And survive. With those same publishers. It happens. If you’re me, it may turn out to be one of the smartest things you’ve ever done. If you’re Krissie and some anonymous blogger decides to take a ride on you and call you a nitwit, that’s annoying, but your name gets spread over the internet, and any ink is good ink, plus you’re the New York Times Bestselling Writer and she’s just an anonymous blogger, so you win. Speaking your mind as an author is not wrong. You do not have to gag yourself in order to be successful in publishing. You do not have to shut up to survive. There is no party line you have to toe in writing, damn it, that’s why we’re writers, we do not censor ourselves for the money. That’s a vicious message to send to writers. Who the hell is this woman, Karl Rove? Oh, right, we don’t know. She’s ANONYMOUS.
Okay, by now it’s clear that it’s the anonymity that sticks in my craw. People without the courage of their convictions. Or their clue cake. (Let it GO, Jenny.) People who can say anything because there are no consequences except for all the writers who are now afraid to speak what they think and all the agents out there that people are now suspecting might be Miss Snark and wondering if they’ll turn someday and snarl, “Because I know you’re wrong and I’m right so TREMBLE AT MY FEET, NITWIT!”
And eat your clue cake.
(Okay, okay, I’m OVER it.)
Anonymous blogs that make incorrect statements about the industry without insight or illumination, fueled by ego and tainted by unprofessionalism, ridiculing writers to silence them by threatening them with the end of their careers. Oh, please.
Call me when somebody signs her name.
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November 19, 2012 May 23, 2013 Jana J. Monji
A hovering accusation of racism shadows ‘Cloud Atlas’
As an Asian American, you can’t avoid touching on the subject of racism in the movie “Cloud Atlas,” particularly if you’re viewing it in Hawaii. Hawaii is the only state where the cultural atmosphere suddenly changes and I am part of the majority, or at least look the part despite my mainland ways. I get the same feeling when I’m in any one of Los Angeles County’s Chinatowns despite not being Chinese, yet for my Hawaiian-born husband and cousins, being part of the majority is what being at home means.
“Cloud Atlas” is confusing enough with its intertwining fragmented stories, but what is clear is the theme of hubris or karma. Hubris is a Greek term that is about a person acting in arrogance and the shaming a less powerful person for mere pleasure, yet in modern usage is also comes with a caveat: there will be punishment. If not from the gods because in Christian thought humility is preferable, from a God, and thus one says “pride goes before the fall.” (Book of Proverbs, 16:18).
Karma means deed and is an Asian term from India and part of the tradition of Hinduism, Buddhism and Sikh. The deed is part of a cycle of cause and effect and the cycle itself is called samsara (now the name of a different type of movie). In the movie, more than once characters comment, “Our lives are not our own. By each crime and every kindness, we birth our future.” You see this concept in all monotheistic religions; it’s the Golden Rule or the ethic of reciprocity.
You might be wondering why Hawaii is important at all in “Cloud Atlas.” Perhaps this is where some of the confusion springs from–we aren’t immediately aware of where we are when we’re in the post-apocalyptic world, the world where we see Tom Hanks as Zachry. He’s an old man, battle scarred and telling a tale of the past, before a fire. When he was younger and inhabiting the tale of “Sloosha’s Crossin’ an’ Ev’rythin’ After,” he is in Hawaii, but not a Hawaii that we would ever know or shall ever be and herein lies some of the racially-charged content.
The movie “Cloud Atlas” is like one of those Russian dolls, in which one nests inside another and the real charm of the dolls themselves is in their relationship to each other. There are six stories. The oldest one is “The Pacific Journal of Adam Ewing” which follows Adam (Jim Sturgess) during his journey to the Chatham Islands in 1849. The American lawyer befriends a Moriori slave who has stowed away on his ship. The slave, Autua (David Gyasi), comes under his protection, but Adam’s friend, Dr. Henry Goose (Hanks) is treating the American for a Pacific parasitic worm while actually poisoning him.
In story two, the journal is being read in 1936 Edinburgh, Scotland by Robert Frobisher (Ben Whishaw) who had left his male lover in Cambridge, England in order to work with a famous composer, Vyvyan Ayrs (Jim Broadbent) in Edinburgh, Scotland. Frobisher is a man of questionable morals, but finds real inspiration while working with Ayrs and composes his masterpiece, “The Cloud Atlas Sextet.” He writes letters back to his real love, Cambridge science student Rufus Sixsmith (James D’Arcy), describing the situation but not necessarily including a particular detail: he’s having an affair with Ayrs much younger wife (Halle Berry). Frobisher provides the shocking hook at the beginning of the movie–he’s committing suicide in a particularly messy way. As the movie progresses, we learn why his suicide is necessary. In the 2004 novel “Cloud Atlas,” Frobisher is in Zedelghem, Belgium and not Edinburgh.
In San Francisco (the third story), the daughter of a journalist, Luisa Rey (Halle Berry) has followed her father’s footsteps as a journalist, but now finds herself investigating a conspiracy to cover up information about the safety of a new nuclear reactor as the result of a chance meeting with Frobisher’s now middle-aged lover, Rufus (D’Arcy). Rufus will be killed and Rey will find the possibility of romance with Rufus’ co-worker Isaac (Hanks) but end up working with a former friend of her father’s, Joe Napier (Keith David). At the end, Rey will be reading Frobisher’s letters to Rufus Sixsmith and even find a rare copy of “The Cloud Atlas Sextet” as a record.
In the novel, an editor named Timothy Cavendish (Jim Broadbent) is reading a manuscript called “Half-Lives: The First Luisa Rey Mystery.” The Cavendish segment is comical and also starts the movie out with a bang, or splat that acts as an ominous warning to critics. The year is 2012 and Cavendish tells his violent author Dermott Hoggins (Hanks) not to mind the critic who panned his book because, “What is a critic but one who reads quickly, arrogantly, but never wisely.” Hoggins ignores his publisher’s advice and kills the critic by throwing him off a balcony. That makes his book an instant success but Cavendish keeps all the money for himself until Hoggins’ brothers come and demand an enormous sum. Cavendish turns to his brother, but his brother (Hugh Grant) recalls the affair between his brother and his wife and has Cavendish go to a hotel which turns out to be a rest home where residents are held prisoner under the authority of Nurse Noakes (Hugo Weaving).
Cavendish’s tale about his incarceration and escape are made into a movie which the genetically engineered Sonmi-451 (Doona Bae) has been watching in Neo-Seoul in the year 2144. Sonmi is a clone that is used to serve in a fast food restaurant. In the movie, the clones are all young women in short dresses and the audience sees young Asian women in short shorts bending over, being harassed by Asian men, young naked Asian women in a shower scene and a simulated sex scene between Bae and Broadbent. This is the only time during the movie we see bared breasts.
The clones are treated as drone slaves and then slaughtered to become meat products, but Sonmi-451 is rescued by Hae-Joo Chang (Jim Sturgess,) who feels she is the one to tell her story and bring awareness to the greater human society. Her story is being recorded for the archives by an interviewer and shown in flashbacks.
The last story is 2321, 106 winters after “The Fall,” in the Hawaiian Islands. Zachry (Hanks) tells about his shameful cowardice when his family member, Adam (Sturgess), was killed by the horse-riding cannibals, the Kona, and his meeting Meronym (Berry), a member of the Prescients, the last members of a tribe who have advanced technology. Zachry guides Meronym to the Cloud Atlas so she can send a message to people who have left the earth and now live on other planets, hoping these people will be able to save them from this dying planet. The Cloud Atlas is the Mauna Kea Observatories on top of the Mauna Kea Observatories, but in the movie, it almost seems as if this place is Neo Seoul, the place where the rebels take a last stand so that Sonmi-451 can made her broadcast as the government breaks in and kills the rebels, including her lover Hae-Joo Chang.
What has actually happened is that the rebels transport Sonmi-451 to the Big Island of Hawaii and this is where she makes her broadcast. Or at least, that’s my interpretation. Zachry is clearly on the Big Island and makes references to Hawaiian geographical points.
Are the cannibals, the Kona, cultural descendants of the corporations and governments who decided clones were acceptable fodder for other clones? This isn’t clear from the movie. What is clear is that, although there are references to Hawaii by Zachry, this isn’t the Hawaii or the Hawaiian culture of today and hopefully not the future.
The racial controversy that swirls around “Cloud Atlas,” mainly focuses on the decision not to cast any Asian men but to cast South Korean actress Bae Doona and Chinese actress Zhou Xun. Bae Doona plays Tilda Ewing, wife of Adam (Sturgess) and a Mexican woman whose dog gets killed in the Luisa Rey segment, Zachry’s’ wife,
Sonmi-451, Sonmi-351 and a Sonmi prostitute. Zhou Xun plays Talbot, a hotel manager who doesn’t seem to realize that there’s a phone in the room where a guest commits suicide and leaves to call the police, and Yoona-939 and Rose. However, Broadbent dons yellowface to portray a Korean musician, James D’Arcy as a Korean archivist, Keith David as An-Kor Apis and, most infamously, Sturgess as
Hae-Joo Chang. The yellowface tends to look unnatural, drawing the viewer out of the story and reminding one of a Star Trek Vulcan (Screen Crush’s Matt Singer suggests Star Trek Romulans, but the conclusion is the same–yellowface makes them look more alien than human. In both cases, the references are to Star Trek: The Original Series). I’m not sure that this is what the Wachoskis had in mind.
Star Trek TOS Romulan commander.
Similarly, Bae Doona as Tilda Ewing doesn’t look quite right, but not as audaciously and comically silly as Hugo Weaving as Nurse Noakes. This Agent Smith isn’t in disguise; he’s a man in drag meant to look like a man in drag. If makeup artists can make Robin Williams (for the 1993 “Mrs. Doubtfire”) and Dustin Hoffman (for the 1982 “Tootsie”) convincing women, surely in 2012 they could have done the same for Weaving.
Berry as Jocasta Ayrs also isn’t quite convincing: See her, you know something isn’t quite right in a way that’s similar with seeing many former brunettes gone blonde. Sure it makes her more shocking or striking but is that really the purpose? She already has the weight of the ominous name, Jocasta. In Greek mythology, Jocasta was the wife of Laius and then wife and mother of Oedipus.
Yet there are more subtle and unsettling themes that could be viewed as racist. The people of Zachry’s tribe are primarily white, unlike the current and projected population of Hawaii. The current population of Hawaii is 38.6 percent Asian, 24.7 percent white (with only 22.7 percent non-Hispanic white alone), 23.6 percent of two or more races, 10 percent Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islanders, 8.9 Hispanic and Latinos of any race and 1.6 black or African American. Hawaii has the lowest percentage of white Americans than any other state. One wonders why the directors decided that Chinese actor Zhou Xun needed to look more Caucasian in order to be a member of Zachry’s tribe (The later usage of the whiteface on Bae Doona as the wife of Adam Ewing is understandable although not entirely convincing). According to hair.color.wikia.com, black is the most common hair color with brown coming in second. If you look around Hawaii, the majority of people have dark hair and that’s true for most of the Pacific Islanders. Yet Zachry’s tribe all have medium brown to blonde hair.
Look at Zachry’s tribe. Is this Hawaiians of the future without a single brunette or black-haired person?
In Hawaii, the movie makers missed an opportunity to contrast the casual and culturally accepted nakedness that was characteristic of Pacific Islanders prior to Victorian Christianity with the sleazy sexualized nakedness of the Asian clone-slaves of Neo Seoul. It was not only the hot weather that encouraged the native dress but the lack of cotton plantations and fields. The Pacific islands did not have the culture, land or climate for the production of the raw materials for cotton, linen, silks and satins. This makes the cotton rags of Zachry’s tribe puzzling, as if they are natives of a Mediterranean climate and dressed as serfs from a different era.
Zhou Xun needed to look more Caucasian in order to be a member of Zachry’s tribe even though we are in Hawaii?
Zachry’s tribe fears the Kona who have their faces painted and ride horses that seem very European. Kona is not just the name of a coffee in Hawaii, it means leeward or downwind in Hawaiian. In ancient times, each island had a leeward district. In modern Hawaii, Kona is a district on the west side of the Big Island of Hawaii.
This is a different district than the one inhabited by the paniolos, or Hawaiian cowboys, who were generally in the North Kohala and Waimea districts. Waimea is where the two astronomical observatories are located (on Mauna Kea). Horses were introduced to the Big Island of Hawaii in 1803 after five black longhorn cattle were released (1798) and allowed to free range. By 1816, there were thousands of maverick cows and John Palmer Parker, husband of King Kamehameha I’s granddaughter Kipikane, was given permission to wrangle the cows and ranch. Parker brought over Mexican vaqueros in 1832 and began the paniolo tradition. There are dude ranches and even some working ranches currently on the Big Island, most of them seem to use stock horses, a type of horse based on or derived from the American Quarter Horse.
The suggestion of the movie “Cloud Atlas” is that the paniolos no longer herd cattle, but, as the Kona, prefer to eat the meat of small pockets of survivors like Zachry’s tribe. Like the Asian civilization of Neo Seoul, cannibalism is a viable solution and we see a parallelism between the corporate society of Neo Seoul and the savagery of the Kona.
The film comes two years after former Talk Radio Network host Michael Savage made a comment on his syndicated show about Hawaii and cannibalism, “I loved Hawaii I lived there many many years, it’s an interesting all syllables. But you don’t know about that are they going to be independent very soon. I don’t know how they’re going to make a living, they’re going to kick the white man out then what they going to have cannibalism again. Oops sorry.” No one really believes that Michael Savage is sorry, but the accusations of cannibalism, true or not, persist in relation to African and Pacific Islanders.
Captain Cook was killed on Kealakekua Bay which is on the Kona coast, but that was in 1779 (February 14). There have been accusations of cannibalism in the death of Captain Cook, however, according to the 2003 book “Captain Cook: The Life, Death and Legacy of History’s Greatest Explorer,” this was not the case. Yet the movie “Cloud Atlas” seems to use cannibalism as a sign of reverting to a base and immoral savagery–the lowest form of civilization with or without technology. The audience might think that even the Nazis didn’t go as far as eating their victims.
Hugh Grant might be unrecognizable as the Kona leader, but he looks clearly Caucasian to me although that might not be the concept of the directors. He has clearly “gone native.” The tattoos seem to be of a snake although there is only one native Hawaiian snake that looks more like a worm.
I haven’t been to the Big Island, but I have been to Seoul and Neo Seoul of the movie could be any East Asian city and yet is like no Asian city. It has no character. Coming from Tokyo’s Narita airport and landing in Seoul, the very smells of the city tell you where you are. Then the colors and the aesthetics. Americans are often offended by the Koreans taste for dog meat and I have seen sad dogs waiting to be butchered.
The segments if Neo Seoul seem uninfluenced by the manufactured boy and girl band trends and the modernization of furniture that has Koreans sleeping on beds just as Americans, Europeans and Chinese. The most telling aspect of this non-specific East Asian depiction of the Neo Seoul
Photo of a traditional Japanese house (minka).
apartment that Hae-Joo Chang and Sonmi-451 take refuge in. The cherry blossoms become the moving wallpaper. While cherry blossoms bloom and are celebrated in Korea, their national flower is the hibiscus syriacus or Rose of Sharon which symbolizes immortality. The cherry blossom in Japan symbolizes impermanence.
A tourist reads a book at a traditional Korean house Hanok at Tea Guest House in Seoul, South Korea. AP PHOTO/AHN YOUNG-JOON
Seoul, unlike Japan, has a large Christian population. In 2005, with 46 percent of South Koreans expressing no particular religious faith, 29.2 percent identified themselves as Christians (with 10.9 percent as Catholic). Compare this to the 22.8 percent who identified themselves as Buddhist. In Japan, Christians make up only one percent or less of the population. In Thailand, less than one percent. In Taiwan, the figure is 4.5 percent and includes Mormons. The influence of Christianity is erased in Neo Seoul. Yet what we know about the Holocaust is that some people were moved by their faith in God to resist the Nazis. Christian abolitionists were also instrumental in the fall of slavery in the United States. Yet in the movie, religion only seems significant in a shamanistic way for Zachry and his tribe.
The casting of black British actor David Gyasi has also gone under some scrutiny. He plays Autua, a Moriori man. The Moriori have been described as peaceful and of small stature and dark-skinned. Gyasi isn’t easily identified as a Moriori, or Pacific Islander, and Screen Crush critic Singer saw him as an African slave. An easy mistake and more than likely something that added to the confusion.
Moriori in 1877.
This isn’t to say that Pacific Islanders haven’t been played by people of African descent before or haven’t been considered black. People of African descent have played Pacific Islanders before, most notably in “South Pacific.” Juanita Long played the Tonkinese “Bloody Mary” on Broadway and became the first African American to win a Tony in 1950. She also played a Chinese American in “Flower Drum Song.” France Nuyen, a French-Vietnamese actor, played Bloody Mary’s daughter Liat. Nellie Forbush’s problem with the handsome Emile is his prior relationship with a native woman resulting in mixed race children. Forbush is from the South (Little Rock, Arkansas). Emile had lived with a woman who wasn’t white and wasn’t yellow. She wasn’t Javanese or Tonkinese. She was Polynesian and “To Nellie’s tutored mind any person living or dead who was not white or yellow was a nigger.” (In the book, Emile had eight daughters to four women and only one was Polynesian. The musical changes Emile’s background to two children from one Polynesian woman.)
The Moriori are Polynesians and dark skinned as are the more war-like Maoris who defeated them. Captain James Cook also met with the Maori and there are credible accounts of Maori cannibalism. What besides the mention of the Chatham Islands and the Pacific parasitic worm could the movie directors have done to make the place clearer to movie viewers? Would the casting of a different actor, someone who perhaps looked more Polynesian or Pacific Islander have helped? Or did the Wachoskis mean for us to have the uncertainty of place? If so, why only in the non-European segments?
“Cloud Atlas” was actually filmed in Duselldorf, German, Port de Sóller, Mallorca, Baleraric Islands, Spain, Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain, Edinburgh, Scotland (UK), Glasgow, Strathclyde, Scotland (UK), and at Studio Babelsberg in Germany. Mallorca and the Baleraric Islands stood in for Hawaii. Yet not all islands can sub for the tropical paradise known as the Big Island.
There are other problems of logic tied into conventions of TV and movies. Why don’t the Prescients have a better way of scaling the cliffs if they have crafts that can hover of the ocean? Maybe I’ve been conditioned by watching too many Batman movies.
When the gang of bad guys, supposedly government agents break into the love nest of Somni-451 and Hae-Joo Chang, they cannot hit the two lovers as the two slowly attempt to escape via a self-generating bridge from their window to the next building. My husband blames George Lucas because the Storm Troopers of Star Wars are only good shots during the first part of the movie and then reduced to can’t shoot the side of a barn buffoons.
Pursuing bad guys have a similar problem in the segment “Half-Lives: The First Luisa Rey Mystery,” but this is something often seen in police and similar TV dramas. We’re used to that illogic, but both cases of faulty marksmanship detract from the serious intent of the movie. In a way, both the author and the directors have it all ways: The six stories cover so many genres there is almost something to please everyone despite the troubling portrayal of Asian and Pacific Islanders. That’s odd because Hawaii seems to be a place where clouds of many types are seen and offer the opportunity for rainbows. We saw several including the rare triple rainbow during our latest brief visit there.
A cloud atlas is much like an atlas for countries except it serves as a key for identifying clouds. Jean-Baptieste Lamarck published an atlas classifying and naming clouds in French in 1801. Luke Howard published the first English language cloud atlas in 1802. In 1890, an expensive book called “Cloud Atlas” was published by Hugo Hildebrand Hildebrandsson, Wladimir Koppen and Georg von Neumayer. The book’s success led to the “International Cloud Atlas” in 1896.
The importance of understanding clouds and their meaning increased not because of the human interest in small talk but it could be used to predict weather. With the beginning of human flight, weather became more important as anyone whose flight has been weather-delayed knows. The atlas was meant to serve as an aid to training meteorologists toward a more consistent descriptive vocabulary for clouds. Unlike an geographic atlas that defined nations, boundaries and borders, a cloud atlas was about a natural phenomena that was not bound by artificial man-made borders. Clouds are part of the universal experience of weather.
The movie “Cloud Atlas” ambitiously attempts to show a karmic cycle, the application of the Golden Rule in seven different stories, yet the movie does seem to reflect a troubling racist bias. That is to say, I don’t feel that the directors overcame the problem which they attempt to expose–the artificial boundaries of racial prejudice and sexism.
Book of Proverbs
Dermott Hoggins
Half-Lives: The First Luisa Rey Mystery
James D'Arcy
Keith David
Luisa Rey
Nurse Noakes
Robert Frobisher
Rufus Sixsmith
Sloosha's Crossin' an' Ev'rythin' After
The Cloud Atlas Sextet
Timothy Cavendish
Published by Jana J. Monji
I've written for the Rafu Shimpo, LA Weekly, LA Times, Examiner.com and, more recently, the Pasadena Weekly and RogerEbert.com. I formerly worked for a dot-com more interested in yodeling than its customers. View all posts by Jana J. Monji
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The point of the tribe being all-white in the final story is because the “superior” alien-like race in the final story is all-black. As a result, it contrasts the earlier story in the 19th century where the “superior race” is white who are bringing slaves over to there land. The final story has the alien race opening up to the island natives and finally showing them respect as a people, just like in the earlier story where the lawyer played by Jim Sturgess show respect to David Gyasi’s black slave, and joins the abolitionist movement.
I get your issue, but I think your focusing too much on the logistics of demographics and races as opposed to the themes. Your analysis doesn’t completely hold up, IMO.
Jana J. Monji says:
You’ll find that the majority of native cultures in the Pacific Islands and in Africa have dark or darker skin whether they are considered yellow or black. There is nothing that immediately said “Hawaii” when we were supposed to be on the Big Island and this comes from three people who were born and raised in Hawaii.
There are many mixed race people in Hawaii and it would seem logical if a minority of them should survive, it would not be totally drawn from the minority of what is Hawaii today.
If there needed to be a hard contrast as you suggest, perhaps New Zealand would have been a better choice given that before the arrival of Europeans it was Maori. Today it is 67.6 percent European and 14.6 percent Maori. Asian are only 9.2 percent and other Pacific Islander is 6.9 percent.
This would tie in better with the Moriori as it is thought that a group of Maori who immigrated to the Chatham Islands became the Moriori.
You’d still have that problem with the lack of native plants to create clothing. New Zealand like the Big Island of Hawaii has no poisonous snakes.
Like I said, themes are more important than the tiny details like being set in New Zealand and the indigenous plant life. Ideas are much more important than the specifics of the location or demographics when the symbolic connection is made. Interesting analysis in any case though.
The disregard for details comes in the Pacific and Asia, but not Scotland or England or even San Francisco.
Asian and Pacific Islanders and their ethnic groups have historically been lumped together, with the details of race, culture, religion and appearance ignored. This was called Orientalism and is a type of prejudice.
Hawaii is just as distinctive a place as Scotland and to consider otherwise seems ethnocentric. The directors and the production staff could have made the location clearer, even if another country was standing in for Hawaii, by paying attention to the details, but it doesn’t seem to have been important enough.
Island paradises don’t all look alike and neither do Asians and Pacific Islanders.
I understand what Orientalism is, and I appreciate your sentiment. My problem with your analysis (and subsequent responses) isn’t your beliefs, it’s that you are ultimately focusing on the tiny details of how “the production staff could have made the location clearer” where they were located, when you should be more concerned with characters and the themes of the movie. Your complaints are ultimately nitpicks that are put under the microscope so much that you are pulling out a meaning in the film that doesn’t exist. It’s like if you complained that “The Cabin in The Woods” is a bad movie just because it doesn’t work in a real-world scenario. Both cases are missing the core point of the film.
What’s the point of deciding a place must take place in a specific location if you don’t get the location right, if you make it so non-specific that it could be anywhere and by doing so make it nowhere?
Hawaii is a specific place just as much as Scotland and Seoul, Korea.
Being sloppy just because it isn’t Europe or America shows a definite bias.
I understand the sentiment of the movie, but being well-meaning isn’t an excuse. Would you imagine an African nation or island as totally white in the future and expect for people from that nation or people of that ethnicity to find it acceptable? Probably not. You’d know better and expect some sort of backlash, but not with Pacific Asian Islanders?
The movie failed to find authenticity in so many little ways. It’s not one small mistake, but many small mistakes that makes it one large mistake. And not all the mistakes were minor.
You act as if Korea or Hawaii doesn’t have people there who haven’t projected or imagined the future for themselves.
Further blackface is uncommon in Hollywood films, but yellowface is all too common. More than yellowface, there’s a whitewashing of history that denies Asians Pacific Islanders a place in history. Apparently, they don’t exist in the future of Hawaii according to “Cloud Atlas.” Denying their existence in Hawaii isn’t a minor detail.
Hae-Joo Chang is played by Jim Sturgess, not Broadbent.
Thanks for the catch. Got it right in one place and wrong in another. Wish I had an editor, but for now, sharp readers will have to do.
Welcome to the club. Ever notice that much of violent crime in America is committed by blacks, but most street criminals in Hollywood movies are… white?
I’m not sure how this relates to anything in the essay.
Moors have often been played by blacks of sub-saharan origin, though Moors looked very different from black-blacks.
Also, plastic surgery is very big in Asia because asians wanna look white. And Japanese anime features asians as blonde long-legged, and pointy nosed people. So, maybe asians in the future will use dna technology to look more white.
btw, asian men aren’t used in movies because they lack popularity as ‘geeks’ and ‘small-penised’ wussies. Don’t blame conservatives. It’s liberal Jews who use Hollywood to spread certain racial impressions, true or not.
Andrea, I somehow think you don’t really know the definition of “black” per Merriam-Webster and are probably not qualified to decide what might be racist in any film at all.
Plastic surgery is very big in the U.S. One could blame Playboy and Hustler for that, but that would just be supposition.
pbk122 says:
Well thought article. They def need to include more asian american male leads. Times are changing and hopefully hollywood will better portray people of all color/ethnicities more fairly.
Moriori are polynesians (like these samoan fellas http://cache.daylife.com/imageserve/0cS55rbarR24R/610x.jpg), they look nothing like africans..it’s like comparing manti te’o and ray lewis..europeans are much educated and conscious of the world than dumb stupid americans who only see white/black/yellow..
Not being Polynesian, I didn’t want to say anything, however, this would explain why some people who are sensitive to the issue might have thought the slave in “Cloud Atlas” was African and not Moriori.
I did ask a friend who is half-white and half-black and she believes that Polynesians are originally (West) African. Of course, Africa is a continent and not a cultural or nationality.
This unclear point of race in the case of Polynesians is why I mentioned “South Pacific.”
LCD says:
I think Hoggins needs to talk to you out on the balcony…
I think the film captured the pluralism depicted in the book well, despite your observations, the cast is diverse and it is my hope that while ethnicity is often a factor in casting, that these actors were all given there roles based on talent. I think that is clear from the performances (personally I think it is one of Halle Berry and Hugo Weaving’s best).
I don’t think your argument holds up at all. The themes of the film are so clear and the acting so superb, and the story telling well constructed (from a book that was considered unfilmable). I think that Cloud Atlas has unwittingly put the nail in the coffin of using political correctness as a means for understanding racial, cultural and ethnic diversity. PC theory certainly does not work in art and to quote our president “Our differences do not divide us, they define us.”
It is a work of art, and an experimental one at that. I don’t think treating it as though it should be a strict interpretation of historical genealogy through the many geographic regions visited in the narrative is warranted or fair. This is especially so given the importance and timeliness of it’s message.
Great film and a stunning book. I recommend both to everyone. And since you mentioned it… Samsara is an even more important must see!
By definition pluralism is “a state of society in which members of diverse ethnic racial, religious, or social groups maintain and develop their traditional culture and special interest within the confines of a common civilization.” I do not see how by misrepresenting non-European or white cultures in the movie “Cloud Atlas” provides such an example.
If instead of the Big Island of Hawaii, Zachry’s tribe and the Konas had been in Georgia and the only survivors were black, what would your assumptions then be? As the current population of Georgia is 59.7 percent white and only 30.5 percent black this would be much the same as what we see in “Cloud Atlas.” Hawaii is 24.7 percent white.
The job of the directors is to quickly establish a place/location. If Hawaiians can’t identify the Big Island as Hawaii, then the directors have failed and just lazily attempted to fill in any island with a warm climate as another. In other words, all warm climate islands look alike.
Besides the population, the flora and fauna would have hinted at the location as well as aspects of language.
In addition, Neo-Seoul tells us by a subtitle where we are but what we see could easily be anywhere in East Asia so likewise do all East Asian cities look alike?
Further, there’s a comment from a Polynesian who feels that Polynesian is not African. Some people misidentified the character as African because the actor was African and could not pass as Polynesian. Do the directors feel that all blacks look alike?
As a person whose family includes mixed race individuals, I can tell you what they look like; they don’t look like Vulcans or Romulans. Again the directors have failed to provide us with a believable context unless the movie means to launch us into another chapter of Star Trek (TOS).
jay mckim says:
Yellowface is a tradition of white racism against Asian male while Asian female were allowed to play their race and gender in order to serve white male. Yellowface
is not new this film used old format of Hollywood anti-Asian male practice and Asian female were all easily available to White males. In this film, the relationship
between Korean actor Donna Bae and White guy in Yellowface is old format of social enginnerring play Asian female and White male match-up while Asian male
are depiction as ugly horrible looke like those 3 white actor in Yellowface look like
alien creature than Asian male. This is what makes this film anti-asian male racism.
Heaven says:
I didn´t noticed any of those details, I´m a latina, I thought Hae-Joo Chang and the others were part of a new race, I was so confused by the movie I couldn´t focus in anything else. Didnt read the book either 🙂
BooBooG says:
Boy oh boy, Jana J. Monji, you have no idea what art is and you clearly missed the point of the movie, but comp-uh-letely.
I have to wonder what gives you such authority to state that I “have no idea what art is.” It would seem your ego exceeds your grasp of reality.
Well, your unimaginative dissection of a piece of cinematic art as if it were an object of scientific analysis gives me authority to state that you’ve no idea what art is. You cannot understand a film by applying rational truths, facts or whatever it is you are trying to perform here. It engages faculties it would seem are exceeded by your own ignorance about philosophy of art.
Anyone who focuses on the genetics of Hawaiians while sitting in a cinema has no business employing themself to film criticism (which is an a priori modern case of sophistication if there ever was one). The world would be a much better place if only there were no people ”who read too quickly, arrogantly, but never wisely.”
Eloquence and knowledgeability, my dear, does not entail understanding.
So someone who uses a pseudonym which is analogous for a colloquial term for mistake has decided that a certain movie is “a piece of cinematic art” and the usage of a logical argument to criticize that piece of art and perhaps challenge BooBoo’s subjective decision cannot possibly understand art?
And then BooBoo decides to be paternalistic by calling me “my dear.”
Next time I view a movie with my friends, many of whom are scientists, I’ll remind them that according to BooBoo, you cannot understand a film by applying rational truths. For future reference, we might consider noting such by saying, “That’s a BooBoo.”
*do
Wow, you do surprise me with your imaginative limitations. There is more meaning to Boo Boo than it being a colloquial term for mistake, you know? Does literature ring a bell, maybe? Probably not. You should look it up.
And that’s wonderful, I’ll be very happy if you ever note a Boo Boo!
To the question: Does literature ring a bell? Of course, literature cannot ring a bell. I’m not sure you’re in a position to tell me what I should or should not do, but that might be your ego talking, again.
Are you seriously saying that literature cannot literally ‘ring a bell’? What a remarkably well spotted piece of superfluous information. Good for you.
And you’re right, I do have quite an ego, if by ‘ego’ you mean ‘the self.’ And if by any chance you mean an inflated sense of self-importance, don’t you think it would be a tad counter-productive inventing ‘BooBoos’? Just kidding.
Anyhow, thanks for the lectures in history, genetics and scientific anthropology, I guess. I’m sure I’ll find the information useful somehow, somewhere, someday. Most likely not in cinemas.
Onwards and upwards,
A Colloquial Term for Mistake, apparently
I’m sure there are people who prefer not to think while attending movies but I’m not writing for such people.
I am quite sure I don’t write for people who would address me with paternalism. The lessons of paternalism should be unlearned and those who still adhere to such ignored.
I don’t post outside links.
Thyt says:
Than e.g. “ONce upon a time” is racist, because Sir Lancelot is played by a black actor? I’m sick of over-pc attitude…
Did I say that? You’d have to define black. I use the MW 2a: “having dark skin, hair, and eyes.” If you believe that Lancelot was French, then perhaps he was as French (by birth) as Alexandre Dumas.
I didn’t say, Lancelot was French… my point, which it seems I failed to express clearly, was that I wouldn’t call racism that in a tv series a character who belongs to one “race” is played by someone who belongs to an other “race”. (I wouldn’t wish to define “black”, take a look at the actor in question http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinqua_Walls)
Although it was embarrassing for a short moment, it never occured to me, that it would be racism (maybe over-pc, but why care? it’s mainly and most importantly : fantasy). And it is true vice-versa.
And I would suggest you to be careful with the word: “racism”. True, feelings could be hurt by unrealistic depiction (although I’m not from Hawaii neither from the US, so I didn’t sense that the post-apocalyptic place would be Hawaii, BUT MOST IMPORTANTLY, IT’S A FANTASY, and they gave us no linear history with details on demographic changes, so who knows what happens in the next 100 or so years? Would I be offended, if in a fantasy film Europe would be inhabited by Arabians and Africans in the next century? I doubt…) So, apart from hurting emotions (which I understand, but consider to be meaningless from the point of view of the critical discussion of the film) do you think that this phenomenon is truly racism? In my country pc has reached a point, where being proud of my nation and origin is almost racism… (Neither I’m French 🙂 )
So the whole point of this: don’t overuse this term please…
My point is that how can you be sure if that person is of a certain race since there were so many different Lancelots? So if we take the version that says he is French, then could it not be possible that like Alexandre Dumas he was also black? If you read carefully, I did not state that you thought Lancelot is French. I could re-state it as should you consider Lancelot French, which is one version, then we have another French person who is black, Alexandre Dumas. Lancelot du Lac was from France in the musical “Camelot.” If you consider that he was from Benwick, then that’s a different story. But you seem to be saying that you are quite sure there were no people who would be considered black in England or Europe at that time of King Arthur who may or may not be a real person. Mixed casting is not how I defined racism in “Cloud Atlas” and has not been the issue with other Asian Americans. I think you need to re-read my essay, but I’m also writing three more essays on this topic.
Oh my God… Is it intentional, that you argue about the most irrelevant parts of my reasoning? Lancelot and Once Upon a Time was just an example, an example, I repeat, although it seems a bad one… Anyway, Dumas was not black, but at best mixed-race (according to wikipedia and some other internet sources – I admit, it was a new information for me, so thank you for calling my attention to it). (Is it not racism to call him black, when he had a white parent, too…? this leads nowhere) And who said anything about my vision of England/Europe at the time of King Arthur? But let’s drop this, because again it leads us nowhere, I see.
I agree, that Americans are ignorant in some aspects (“Europe is a country”, or marking Australia as Iraq if you write it on the continent), especially when making films. E.g. in the movie “I Spy” when we first get a glimpse of Hungary a Turkish-like (or not, sry I don’t know, but definitely not typically Hungarian) music can be heard in the background, with the purpose of giving back the “Hungarian feeling”. Well, that was eyebrow-raising (literally I was shocked for a short second, as now I tell you, I’m Hungarian) and was completely inappropriate, as our musical culture is something totally different. – Superficial and false introduction of my country. Am I offended by it? No! I was (let me say please) fuckin’ proud, that the scene of a funny and cool movie was admittedly in my country (as Budapest often “plays” Moscow etc. 🙂 ). Turkish people back in history occupied a part of and stayed in my country for a long time – do I care, that a Turkish-like music plays in the background? Again, no.
I think you’re too sensitive. And I think the debate is easily resolvable by giving a definition of racism: “a belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that racial differences produce an inherent superiority of a particular race ” (http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/racism). Judging based on this definition, do you still think, that what we see in CA is racism?
Anyway, white actors (actresses) masked as Asians and vice versa were disturbing. I wondered for a long time during the movie, what’s the problem with the eyes of Hae-joo Chang (or whats-he-called), but I understood, that the point was something different, and think to understand the reason why they did not employing an Asian actor in that role.
Hm, but if I get it right, you’re of at least American origin and so our views on racism differ almost completely, thus further discussion of it is totally a waste of time. I think Americans are handling this question in a very wrong way, and tend to “make a mountain out of a molehill”. That is my personal, subjective view and do not claim it is the right and only one. But I think this oversensitive and overreactional attitude hinders true honesty and confidence and in fact does a great harm for example in self-evaluation as an individual and as a nation. Why is it so hard to simply just accept the things they are, instead of seeing a monster in every shadow (speaking generally)?
And again, Hawaii was never mentioned. Hanks and Berry went obviously to the place where Somni and co. were – based on the film: Nova Seoul. How do you know, what climate changes took place in the following who knows how much years? This debate is absolutely in vain, as again, I mentioned before and you failed to react to that, that it is a fantasy or a fantastical place, i.e. imagined, nonexistent. How can you argue about something that does not exist?
I said what I wanted, if I gave you anything to think about than I’m happy. And please do not intentionally misinterpret what I say, so you could further argue, but rather try to grab the concept behind the mere words.
You might be under the mistaken notion that you are the most important contact of the day. You, of course, are not.
Since you wrote so little at first just what was relevant? Of course, everything should be relevant. That’s the basics of writing.
Alexandre Dumas was black depending upon your definition. Black and African are not necessarily synonymous. If that’s new information to you, then you might have some problems understanding the issues I’m addressing. Hawaii was mentioned in the movie and the essay, but an island with sand and greenery do not make Hawaii Hawaii. If you missed this while reading the essay or watching the movie, then again, it is easy to see why you have problems understanding either (and thus prove that the filmmakers failed to give sufficient visual/oral cues and increased the confusion).
So I think you should re-read the essay and gather your thoughts better.
I was having other conversations and there’s already another article posted about “Cloud Atlas” on this blog.
“You might be under the mistaken notion that you are the most important contact of the day. You, of course, are not.” Thank you for the information 🙂 Although I have to admit, it surprised me, that I’m not the center of the universe? I thought the Sun goes round me… (that was irony)
Our way of thinking is different, although you like to label what I think about this and that, make hasty judgements about what I think about this and that kind of people, and twist my words in an annoying way. It’s obvious to me I won’t be able to change even a bit your thoughts, and most sadly you don’t seem to try to truly grasp the intention of my comments, so I stop trying. You might be under the mistaken notion that you possess the philosophers stone, thus the ultimate truth. You, of course, don’t 🙂
Have a good day 🙂
You might have taken the time to re-read my essay instead of spouting off about Americans (also known as the fallacy of generalizations).
You’d have to be better organized and more eloquent to change my mind.
A defense i’ve seen here and elsewhere is that an important theme of Cloud Atlas is transcendence of race and sex in the chain of existence, and in the movie several of the lead actors/actresses play characters of different race (and even different sex) from their own in the six storylines, so it’s unnecessary to single out the white-actor/korean-character permutation for criticism. Fair enough. But one may then ask: why not cast an asian-american actor who might play one of the caucasian incarnations in some storyline? (and not only to play one of the korean characters). That would certainly strengthen the transcendence message? A plausible response is that “this movie is a 100 million dollar investment and actors/actresses that have box-office draw are needed…” Again fair enough (although sad for asian-american actors). But Doona Bae or Zhou Xun are not asian-american nor famous in the west, and if one argues that they can attract the asian audience (esp. in China, where it seems a lot of financial hopes for this movie are pinned), then surely there are many asian male candidates too (witness the huge popularity of many asian pop-artists/actors in asia, e.g. Rain). So it seems Cloud Atlas still leads back to a basic racial/gender bias…not in the overt message of the movie, but as an unintended reflection of societal attitudes (and those of the film makers). What is disappointing is that a project of such moral ambition as Cloud Atlas did not do more to see and address these biases.
Your article is good film criticism IMO. I especially like the analysis of the significance of Polynesia and Hawaii in the movie…I learned something there.
Dear Eric:
Thank you for taking the time to comment. It was nice to have someone see the logic of my argument. I discussed the movie with three Hawaiian-born Asian Americans. None of us had read the book but that shouldn’t be necessary to understand a movie.
I just finished reading the novel about ten minutes ago, after falling in complete love with the film. I’ve watched the film three times and while the Futuristic Hawaii segments were troublesome to me (as a Pacific Islander – Native Hawaiian and Chamorro) I “let it go” for the sake of the story. However, seeing what was changed from the novel to the movie has me angry. And really appreciating your essay.
The movie is ambitious, the story line connected rather than continuous, so I understand the challenges of trying to get a mainstream audience to follow along. The filmmakers decided to cast the same actors in the different roles to give the audience that sense of continuity, but as a part of the audience, I get to voice my dissatisfaction with their laziness. I think that audiences are perfectly capable of picking out threads of connectivity, and certainly other methods could have been used. The comet birthmark was utilized effectively in the novel, tying characters together despite sex or age or place. In fact, Luisa Rey’s character was directly mentioned as an reincarnation of Robert Frobingsher. In the film, Rey is relegated to the reincarnation of Jocasta. This is troublesome because Luisa Rey is so certain in the record shop that she “knows” the Cloud Atlas sextet. The novel asserts without saying outright that she knows the piece because she wrote it in a past life. In the film, she knows it because she was sleeping with its composer. A very different kind of connection.
But the most important bit of lazy adaptation comes in the treatment of the Pacific Island narrative as a whole. The Pacific Journals of Adam Ewing display the most blatant racism in the entire novel (as observations Ewing has about other people on the ship he is on, as well as missionaries / white people living on the islands). There is a discussion about the “ladder of civilzation” which is mentioned in the movie, but dicussed more thoroughly in the novel. Ewing begins the novel as someone entrenched in the belief that Anglos are the pinnacle of human civilazation, yet this belief system is eroded by his travels in the Pacific Islands. He meets many different islanders and witnesses white missionaries attempting to get islanders addicted to tobacco to fill them with a need for more than they have available to them in their surroundings. He sees the benevolent racism of the missionaries and can’t quite put his finger on what troubles him about it. After all, he is a pretty well off white guy. But then Dr. Goose, who is poisoning him, makes a remark that Anglos are only at the top of the ladder because of weaponry, which is not an inalienable, God-given miracle. He later tells Ewing in private “Why tinker with the plain truth that we hurry the darker races to their graves in order to take their land and riches? True ‘intellectual courage’ is to…admit all peoples are predatory but White predators, with our deadly duet of disease dust and firearms” are the examples of predatory excellence.” As he poisons Ewing’s brain wth narcotics to get to his treasure chest, he poisons Ewing’s beliefs, which leads to a crescendo of realizations that left me, as a descendant of those same Pacific Islanders, hopeful. That was not captured in the film. How unfortunate.
This misfortune is only exacerbated by using the same big name actors in all of the roles, rather than attempting to cast each role with respect to the individuals they represent. It’s not just that there were black people cast as Pacific Islanders, which I will admit did offend me. It is important, for example, that we observe what cinematic tradition shows us – all dark skinned people are African or all Asian people interchangeable, or even “just” altered white people. In a film about racism, slavery, and the realization that all individuals do have dignity, it is a shame that the filmmakers revert to more of the same, literally, by using the same few actors. It was a cinematic choice which seems to contradict the central theme of the novel it pretends to revere. I see this contradiction, and I am calling it out. The fact that so many people are willing to let it go just because it’s a pretty movie (which it is) must mean something. The fact that “we” expect studios to compromise on a novel whose central theme is equality simply because “hey they need to make money too” means even more.
Thank you so much for your essay.
I have to admit that when I first was notified of your comment, I didn’t want to open the email because most of the comments I’ve received for my essay were negative (and I was on vacation). I was often told that I had missed the point of the movie.
I wrote the essay with some hesitation because I am not a Pacific Islander and I am not someone who might be considered black (as in the South Pacific way).
I think it is a mistake for Asian Pacific Islanders (nationals or of that ethnic group) to just let something pass that offends us for the sake of the story. The choices that are found offensive are just as much a part of the story. At this time in human history, we should be beyond that.
We need to, as you say, “call it out.” People want to make money, but they could certainly save money if they didn’t have to pay those well known actors and have so much makeup. We have “Life of Pi” to show us that an all Asian cast of relative unknowns can succeed in capturing the world’s imagination.
At this point in time, movie makers should not be lazy. Asians and their ethnic groups represent about 60 percent of the world population.
So thank you for taking time to write in your comment. It encouraged me to continue on my dragon lady like journey.
Kaiser says:
I have to agree with several other commentators that you are over-analyzing the racial elements of the film. The inconsistencies and not entirely successful attempts to make the white characters appear Asian in ‘Neo-Seoul’ didn’t bother me because that society is much different from our own in terms of ethnic diversity and genetic experimentation, and I appreciated the effort made to communicate the theme of interconnectedness. Also, the woman who broadcasts the message that apparently keeps humanity civilized after the apocalypse is Asian. In fact, the most awkward part of the film in terms of race was the poor attempt to pass off an Asian woman as white in the 19th Century.
In the same vein, a post-apocalyptic Hawaii three hundred years from now where even the language has altered would have been subject to so much upheaval that the fact that the tribal people are all white was of little import to me. The cannibals didn’t appear to be any specific race at all. And the most advanced people we see in the whole film, the end product of civilization, are all black. The film is too broad and sweeping in terms of the vast timescales and projected social changes to accuse it of racism.
Because you weren’t bothered by the “inconsistencies and not entirely successful attempts to make the white characters appear Asian” in Neo-Seoul, I think you need to examine your ability to accept yellowface.
Yellowface is more acceptable than blackface in movies out of Europe and the United States. It is clearly more acceptable to you. That in itself is a sign of racism and one could venture to say that movie goers have been indoctrinated into accepting yellowface as well as Eurasian actors playing Asian characters.
That the film has “broad and sweeping” timescales and “projected social changes” doesn’t mean it cannot be accused of racism. The projected social change for Hawaii is that a minority white population survives and becomes the dominant force in the peaceful population. That the “tribal people are all white was of little import” to you can also be considered a sign of racist attitudes that you hold and that is found generally acceptable.
The survival of predominately white people in an area that is not predominately white is a white person’s fantasy just as one where the white race dominates the future of space exploration and colonization as is commonly seen in science fiction of the past. One could suggest the survival of predominately white people in Hawaii is Social Darwinism.
Further, having a black race as the saviors and more advanced people doesn’t necessarily ameliorate the racism toward Pacific Islanders or Asians and actually aligns well with the acceptance of yellowface and the non-acceptance of blackface in contemporary society.
It’s so sad that the most important ideas (imo) got lost in all this psychobabble, and those would be the ones of JT in the beginning. Hang in there guys.
Alas, but the world isn’t all-white or all-black and has never been. JT is incorrect. The original issue is that of Pacific Asian versus white American.
The segment takes place in Chatham and the slave isn’t black African, but Moriori, a Pacific Islander ethnic group. Black Africans and black Islanders weren’t the only people enslaved.
I’m not sure what you consider psychobabble so I won’t go in to that.
justice4moriori says:
What was particularly ‘sad’ about the portrayal of the Moriori (playing the real-life role of Koche; King of Pitt Island) is that they didnt even have the decency to consult with Moriori. They didnt film any of what happened on Rekohu (Moriori homelands) and they comopletely misrepresented who Moriori are and what they look like. Moriori DID NOT have tattoos. Shaving ones head would have been most foolhardy as they lived in the Roaring Forties with nothing between them and the Antarctic apart from a line fo clouds.
None of the story of real story of Koche was told – which would have made a better chapter than the other 5 stories within Cloud Atlas.
Moriori have clawed their way back from the brink of extinction and despite many people just wanting them to ‘go away’ they are today desperately engaged in negotiations with the New Zealand Government for redress and reparation for all the wrongs perpetrated upon them since the fateful invasion in 1835. In New Zealand we have a founding document that guarantees rights to all Natives of our country. As the smallest native ‘tribe’ in New Zealand Moriori continue to be maligned, sidelined, overlooked, ignored and oppressed.
They were a pacifist people. They didnt get defeated. They were were invaded and chose to adhere to their religious beliefs.
The invaders saw that as a sign of weakness and killed, ate, enslaved and ‘conquered’ (how do you conquer someone that doesnt fiight?
When they first cried out for help-in writing- in an 1862 appeal to the Governor for the support of the law, they were ignored. No-one cared.
In 1870 and 1872 in land court sittings, they were overruled and overlooked and 97% of THEIR lands were given in law to the oppressors. No-one cared.
In 2016 as they enter into negotiation with the government…. who will care? Who will stand up for Moriori. Will you?
They just need the vocal support of… anyone.
Help them. Help Moriori. Help put right the wrongs that were done to them in 1835 and onwards.
Join the facebook page facebook.com/Justice4Moriori or leave a comment at justice4moriori.wordpress.com
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Letter to the NAACP: History of Lynching December 13, 2020
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Comments@PBSSoCal.org @PBS on Twitter To Whom It May Concern: I was skimming through the offerings and you have a category for “Race in America,” however, with the exception of “College Behind Bars” all of the listed videos are about Black people. Central Park Five College Behind Bars East Lake Meadows Driving While Black T-Rex: Her […]
‘The Sound of Music’ Film Lyrics December 2, 2020
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Notes from the Southern Heartland
This really IS a healthblog….really !
Issues of Our Time and Destiny
Some Thoughts of a Private Intellectual
Special Lecture at the University of Wisconsin
The Chilcot Report on the British Involvement in the War in Iraq
The Previously Classified 34 Pages of the September 11 Report – Saudi Involvement
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What is Quality in Health Care ?
Survival Tools for a Fascist Era
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The Welfare of Service Personnel →
Support for Service Personnel and Veterans
Posted on 10 July, 2016 by AJ Layon
SECTION 16.2
SUPPORT FOR INJURED SERVICE PERSONNEL AND VETERANS
System for providing medical care for Service Personnel ……………………………………….40
Medical care during the combat phase of operations ……………………………………………..42
Planning and preparing to provide medical care ………………………………………………42
Arrangements for supporting mental health ……………………………………………………..46
Delivery of medical care ……………………………………………………………………………….47
Support for injured Service Personnel and their families …………………………………………49
Establishing a Military Managed Ward at Selly Oak hospital ………………………………49
Improvements at Headley Court …………………………………………………………………….53
Handling complex cases ……………………………………………………………………………….56
Support for mental health ……………………………………………………………………………………58
Research into the physical and psychological health of
Operation TELIC personnel …………………………………………………………………………..58
Decompression ……………………………………………………………………………………………59
Variations in the level of support after an operational deployment ………………………61
First reports from the King’s Centre study ……………………………………………………….62
Reserves Mental Health Programme ………………………………………………………………63
Concerns over mental health issues, late 2006 ………………………………………………..64
Trauma Risk Management ……………………………………………………………………………66
Further findings from the King’s Centre study ………………………………………………….66
Compensation …………………………………………………………………………………………………..68
Support for veterans ………………………………………………………………………………………….70
Mental healthcare for veterans ………………………………………………………………………71
Community mental health pilots ……………………………………………………………………..72
Priority treatment within the NHS ……………………………………………………………………72
The Report of the Iraq Inquiry
1. This Section addresses:
• the arrangements for providing medical care to Service Personnel;
• the provision of medical care and welfare support for seriously injured Service
Personnel and their families; and
• the support provided for veterans.
2. The welfare support provided to Service Personnel and their families is addressed in
Section 16.1.
3. The preparations made for repatriating the bodies of those who lost their lives
serving on Op TELIC, how their deaths were investigated, and the support provided for
bereaved families are addressed in Section 16.3.
4. The decision to deploy to Helmand province in Afghanistan, and the implications of
that decision, are addressed in Section 9.
System for providing medical care for Service Personnel
5. The healthcare system in the UK comprises three tiers:
• Primary care is provided at the first point of consultation, including by General
Practitioners (GPs).
• Secondary care is provided by medical specialists who do not usually have first
contact with patients, including in a hospital. It includes acute care.
• Tertiary care is specialised consultative healthcare, for example for cancer
6. Primary care for Service Personnel in the UK and Service base areas overseas is
provided by the MOD’s Defence Medical Services (DMS).1
7. Secondary care for Service Personnel is generally provided within the National
Health Service (NHS).
8. Following the closure of military hospitals in the 1990s, the Government established
five MOD Hospital Units (MDHUs) within NHS Trusts. MDHUs are not discrete military
wards or units, but comprise medical Service Personnel (including substantial numbers
of Reservists) integrated into a host NHS Trust. MDHUs:
• provide accelerated access for elective referrals of Service Personnel, to meet
operational requirements; and
• allow medical Service Personnel to develop and maintain their skills.
1 Seventh Report from the House of Commons Defence Committee, Session 2007-2008, Medical Care for the Armed Forces, HC327.
16.2 | Support for injured Service Personnel and veterans
9. In April 2001, the MOD established the Royal Centre for Defence Medicine (RCDM) within the University Hospital Birmingham Foundation Trust (UHBFT), as “a centre of military medical excellence, with academic, teaching and clinical roles”.
10. During the period covered by the Inquiry, the main receiving centre for casualties evacuated from operational theatres was RCDM Selly Oak (one of the hospitals within the UHBFT).2
11. If Selly Oak was unable to cope with the flow of casualties, the Government could activate the Reception Arrangements of Military Personnel (RAMP) plan, engaging the wider NHS in the treatment of military casualties.
12. Military patients requiring further rehabilitation once released from hospital might be referred to the Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre (DMRC) at Headley Court in Surrey, the principal medical rehabilitation centre run by the Armed Forces.3 DMRC Headley Court also accepted direct admission from hospitals, and most combat casualties were referred directly to DMRC Headley Court from RCDM Selly Oak.
13. DMRC Headley Court provided both physiotherapy and group rehabilitation for complex musculo-skeletal injuries, and neuro-rehabilitation for brain-injured patients.
14. Operation TELIC was the first major military operation after the closure of the military hospitals in the 1990s. Many medical Service Personnel were therefore withdrawn from NHS Trusts, and military casualties were treated in NHS Trusts.
15. Tertiary care for Service Personnel is provided by the NHS.
16. From 2002, the MOD reconfigured its mental health services to focus on community rather than in-patient services, including by establishing 15 military Departments of Community Mental Health (DCMH) throughout the UK to provide out-patient mental healthcare for Service Personnel.4
17. From 2004, in-patient mental healthcare was provided by The Priory Group of hospitals, through a contract with the MOD.
18. Those changes were in line with NHS best practice, which held that individuals should be treated in as normal as environment as possible, close to their units, families and friends.
19. The Ex-Services Mental Welfare Society (generally known as Combat Stress) runs three short-stay residential treatment centres for men and women who have served in
2 Seventh Report from the House of Commons Defence Committee, Session 2007-2008, Medical Care for the Armed Forces, HC327, paragraph 21.
3 Paper MOD, 28 June 2010, ‘Medical Input to Ainsworth Brief’.
the Armed Forces or the Merchant Navy. The MOD meets the cost of fees charged by
Combat Stress for “remedial treatment” at the three centres.5
20. Veterans’ healthcare is generally provided by the NHS. Charities and welfare
organisations also play an important role.
Medical care during the combat phase of operations
Planning and preparing to provide medical care
21. In July 2002, the MOD defined three options for a UK contribution to US-led military
operations in Iraq:
• Package 1 – an “in-place support package” using forces already in the region;
• Package 2 – an “enhanced support package” comprising Package 1 with
additional air and maritime forces; and
• Package 3 – a “discrete UK package” based on deployment of an armoured
division, in addition to the forces in Package 2.6
22. Those three options provided the broad framework for discussions within the
UK Government until the end of 2002.
23. A Strategic Medical Estimate was prepared for the MOD’s Strategic Planning Group
on 1 September 2002.7 The Estimate – which assumed an entry into Iraq from Turkey –
set out the expected number of Role 3 hospital admissions from an operation in Iraq, as
a basis for medical planning:
• 157 (best case) to 241 (worst case) battle casualties;
• 152 (best case) to 212 (worst case) casualties from chemical warfare;
• 15 percent of those exposed to biological warfare; and
• 34 Disease and Non-Battle Injuries (DNBI) a day.
24. The Estimate stated that 55 individuals a week would require medical evacuation
back to the UK.
5 Paper MOD, 29 June 2010, ‘Veterans Mental Health’.
6 Letter Watkins to Rycroft, 26 July 2002, ‘Iraq’.
7 Minute MOD [junior official] to Iraq Inquiry [junior official], 22 June 2010, ‘Iraq Inquiry – Request for Evidence’.
Structure of medical support to operations
Military medical support was organised in four tiers, on the basis of the medical capabilities and resources available:
• Role 1 (broadly equivalent to Echelon 1 for maritime forces) medical support was integral or allocated to a small unit, and included the capabilities for providing first aid, immediate lifesaving measures, and triage.
• Role 2 support was normally provided at larger unit level, and included
pre-hospital care.
• Role 3 support was normally provided at Division level and above. It included specialist diagnostic resources, and specialist surgical and medical capabilities. Support would usually be provided in field hospitals and (as Echelon 3) in hospital ships.
• Role 4 support was the definitive hospital and rehabilitative care of patients. That would usually be provided in the UK.8
25. General Sir Kevin O’Donoghue, Deputy Chief of Defence Staff (Health) (DCDS(H)) from September 2002 to 2004, told the Inquiry that medical planning was “quite advanced” by the time he took up post.9 Staffing plans were in place and gaps in medical equipment and supplies had been identified, although approval had not yet been received to begin procurement to fill those gaps.
26. On 31 October, Mr Blair agreed that the UK should offer Package 3 to the US on the same basis as Package 2, for planning purposes.10
27. In early December, an MOD official invited Mr Geoff Hoon, the Defence Secretary, to agree that the MOD should hold detailed talks with the Department of Health (DoH) on the withdrawal of Regular and Reserve medical personnel from the NHS, and on the reception of casualties under the RAMP.11 Package 3 would require around 2,000 medical personnel, of whom approximately 60 percent would be Reservists. The majority of those Reservists would be working within the NHS; their withdrawal would have a “local impact”. DoH was pressing the MOD for details on the withdrawal of medical Reservists.
28. The official also advised that the procurement of medical equipment through the Urgent Operational Requirement (UOR) mechanism to support Packages 0 (Special Forces only) and Package 1 was under way. The Treasury was expected to authorise procurement of medical equipment to support Package 2 shortly. The MOD’s Directorate of Capability, Resources and Scrutiny (DCRS) had not yet approved the business case
8 NATO, Logistics Handbook, October 1997.
9 Public hearing, 14 July 2010, pages 4-5.
10 Letter Wechsberg to Watkins, 31 October 2002, ‘Iraq: Military Options’.
11 Minute PS/VCDS to PS/Secretary of State [MOD], 6 December 2002, ‘Medical Support to Operations against Iraq’.
for the medical equipment to support Package 3; that approval, and the subsequent
Treasury authority to commence procurement, was needed as soon as possible.
29. The official advised that in “about three months time” the DMS would have
“minimised medical risk by being properly equipped in mission critical areas”.
30. On 11 December, Gen O’Donoghue told the Chiefs of Staff that the DoH had been
engaged on Iraq planning, and had responded “positively and pragmatically”.12
31. The DCRS agreed the business cases for the medical modules (packages of
equipment and supplies) to support Package 3 on 16 December.13 The modules were
expected to achieve “full capability in theatre” on 15 March 2003.
32. At the beginning of 2003, in the light of continued uncertainty on whether Turkey
would agree to the use of its territory by Coalition ground forces, the focus of UK military
planning shifted from the North to the South of Iraq (see Sections 6.1 and 6.2).
33. The Permanent Joint Headquarters (PJHQ) assessed that the shift made the
UK medical mission “less demanding in terms of supporting manoeuvre”.14 A revised
Estimate specified that the Role 3 medical support required:
• the Royal Fleet Auxiliary (RFA) Argus, as the Primary Casualty Receiving Facility
(PCRF), with 100 beds;
• two 200-bed field hospitals deployed;
• a third 200-bed field hospital in reserve;
• casualty staging flights through Cyprus; and
• the augmentation of the Princess Mary Military Hospital in Cyprus.
34. RFA Argus deployed on 15 January and was operational in the North Arabian Gulf
by mid-February.
35. Mr Alan Milburn, the Health Secretary, wrote to Mr Hoon on 10 March to inform him
that the DoH was ready to activate the RAMP, when required.15
36. Mr Hoon was advised by PJHQ on 14 March that an “effective medical capability”,
scaled to the expected number of casualties, was now operational in theatre.16
Arrangements were also in place for the aeromedical evacuation of casualties to the UK.
12 Minutes, 11 December 2002, Chiefs of Staff meeting.
13 Minute MOD/DCRS [junior official] to APS/SoS [MOD], 31 January 2003, ‘Possible Operations against Iraq UOR List, 31 January 2003’.
14 Report PJHQ, July 2003, ‘Operation TELIC 1 – Medical Post Operation Report’.
15 Letter Milburn to Hoon, 10 March 2003, ‘Military Deployment to the Middle East: the NHS’s Responsibilities’.
16 Minute PJHQ [junior official] to PS/SoS [MOD], 14 March 2003, ‘Op TELIC – Casualty Treatment and Management Arrangements’.
37. Gen O’Donoghue told the Inquiry that by 19 March, when military operations against Iraq began, there remained some “shortfalls” in medical modules:
“We had worked out what equipment we needed. We were allowed to discuss that informally with industry in, I think, mid-November. We weren’t allowed to place the orders until early to mid-December, which we did with £34m/£35m worth of UORS, and those came in between then and March.
“Some items may not have arrived by March, but they came fairly shortly afterwards and we topped up the modules.”17
38. Sections 6.3 and 13 describe the development and approval of UOR business cases within the MOD and discussions with the Treasury on funding UORs. A mechanism for funding UORs was agreed between Mr Hoon and Mr Brown on 23 September; the mechanism did not require individual UORs to be agreed by the Treasury. Mr Hoon agreed that the MOD could begin discussions with industry on the provision of UORs on 2 December.
39. Brigadier Alan Hawley, Commander Medical of the Joint Force Logistic Command during Op TELIC 1 (which covered the initial combat phase of military operations in Iraq), told the House of Commons Defence Committee in October 2003: “From where I was, no one informed me of any clinical care that was compromised by a lack of equipment. I have to say that it was very tight.”18
40. Brig Hawley assessed that a number of factors had combined to produce that “rather tight, fraught situation”, including the late release of money for UORs, a new process for building medical equipment modules, and a change in responsibility for medical supply from the medical to the logistical Command.
41. Vice Admiral Ian Jenkins, Surgeon-General from 2002 to 2006, agreed with Brig Hawley’s assessment: “… I can categorically assure you that clinical outcomes [during Op TELIC 1] were uncompromised. Yes there were problems with supply, equipment and everything else, mobilisation of Reserves, support … but the clinical outcomes were first class. I can put my hand on my heart and say that nobody suffered inappropriately because of a lack of medical requirement.”19
17 Public hearing, 14 July 2010, page 7.
18 Defence Committee, Examination of Witnesses (Questions 1176-1179), 22 October 2003, Q 1211.
42. Lieutenant General Louis Lillywhite, the Director General of Army Medical Services
from 2003 to 2005 and Surgeon General from 2006 to 2009, told the Inquiry that cost
had not been an issue in providing medical care: “As far as care on operations are concerned, it is effectiveness that counts, not cost-effectiveness. As far as providing care for Servicemen was concerned, I was – I personally, and I have to say Ministers supported me – did not allow cost to be an issue. If it was required, it was provided.”20
43. A July 2003 MOD report on Op TELIC 1 stated that the medical component of
the deployment was fully staffed, with 2,800 medical staff including 760 Reservists.21
Trained psychiatric staff were also deployed.
Arrangements for supporting mental health
44. Lt Gen Lillywhite described for the Inquiry, the Armed Forces’ general approach to
identifying and tackling mental health issues at the beginning of Op TELIC:
• using initial and subsequent training to identify individuals with less ability to
withstand stress, and to help prepare people to withstand stress;
• training commanders to identify issues as early as possible; and
• deploying field psychiatric teams to help identify those “who had true
psychological disability, that … needed care and evacuation or simply support
and return to duty”.22
45. Prior to deployment on Op TELIC, Royal Navy and Army units received a
pre‑deployment presentation by a psychiatrist or community psychiatric nurse (or
non‑medical personnel if medical personnel were unavailable).23 As the RAF deployed
as individuals rather than formed units, it produced an equivalent booklet for all
deploying personnel.
46. The Services also prepared post-deployment stress prevention packages,
comprising two handouts and a post-operational psychological briefing.
47. MOD demobilisation policy at the beginning of Op TELIC required that:
• At the end of an operational tour but while still in theatre, all individuals should
attend a presentation and be given an information leaflet covering post-traumatic
stress reactions and the problems that might be encountered on returning home
to families. Families should be offered a presentation and information leaflets on
the possible after-effects of an operational deployment.
20 Public hearing, 20 July 2010, page 73.
21 Ministry of Defence, Operations in Iraq: First Reflections, July 2003.
22 Public hearing, 20 July 2010, pages 54-55.
23 Minute DMSD/MOD to USoS [MOD], 2 April 2003, ‘Op TELIC – Personnel Repatriated for Medical Reasons’.
• All personnel should undertake a period of “normalisation”, lasting two to three days, before taking post-operational tour leave. It would usually be spent on routine duties. This requirement stemmed from the MOD’s assessment that:
The immediate release of personnel after an operational tour could be a contributory factor to the likelihood of developing post-conflict syndromes.
Personnel should be given time to deal with issues raised by combat in the company of those who understood and had shared those experiences.24
48. This policy applied to Reservist as well as Regular Personnel.
49. Lieutenant General Anthony Palmer, Deputy Chief of the Defence Staff (Personnel) (DCDS(Personnel)), wrote to General Sir Mike Jackson, Chief of the General Staff, on 23 April 2003, advising: “At this morning’s Op COS meeting you mentioned concerns among some of the deployed Personnel that their return to the UK was being delayed because of the requirement for a period of ‘normalisation’ ……
“Ultimately the implementation of the overall policy guidance lies with PJHQ and the FLCs [Front Line Commands] … However, the lessons learned from the last Gulf Conflict in particular have demonstrated how important it is – not least in terms of demonstrating due diligence – that we are rigorous in adopting formal procedures to reduce the risks and incidence of psychological illness.”25
Delivery of medical care
50. The MOD reported in July 2003 that more than 4,000 British patients had been treated in British field hospitals, and over 800 evacuated to the UK by air, during the deployment and combat phases of Op TELIC.26 The majority of those patients had suffered disease and non-battle injuries.
51. Around 200 Iraqi Prisoners of War and 200 Iraqi civilians had also been treated in British medical facilities.
52. The number of admissions to Role 3 hospitals during Op TELIC 1 are set out in the table below.27
24 Paper DFRC/MOD, 16 April 2003, ‘Operation TELIC – Demobilisation’.
25 Minute DCDS(Pers) to CGS, 23 April 2003, ‘Op TELIC – Normalisation’.
27 Minute MOD [junior official] to Iraq Inquiry [junior official], 22 June 2010, ‘Iraq Inquiry – Request for Evidence’.
Table 1: Admissions to Role 3 hospitals during Op TELIC 1
Expected number of admissions28 Actual number of admissions
Battle casualties 157-241 81
Casualties from chemical warfare 152-212 0
Casualties from biological warfare 15% of those exposed 0
Disease and Non-battle Injuries 34 a day 31 a day
Medical evacuations 55 a week 90 a week
53. In July, PJHQ assessed that medical support during Op TELIC had been “a success
by any measure”.29 The aeromedical evacuation of casualties (by VC 10 to Cyprus then
by civilian aircraft to the UK) had been particularly effective.
54. PJHQ reported that some evacuated Service Personnel were nursed in NHS
hospitals without other military patients and had therefore lacked “peer support”.
55. The issue of treating injured Service Personnel in NHS hospitals, and on civilian
wards, would come to prominence in 2006.
56. Lt Gen Lillywhite told the Inquiry that in the early part of Op TELIC, the MOD did
not have the data to make an objective assessment of the effectiveness of emergency
care.30 Analysis of data relating to later phases of Op TELIC indicated that UK medical
support was achieving a significantly greater than expected survival rate.
57. Gen O’Donoghue told the Inquiry that the DMS drew two major lessons from its
experience during the invasion:
• It needed more Regular medical Personnel, to take account of the limited time
that any individual could spend in theatre given their NHS commitments and the
need to retain “medical dexterity”.
• UORs allowed DMS to respond to particular threats and secure the latest
equipment, but it needed more equipment and supplies “on the shelves” ready
to deploy.31
58. Lt Gen Lillywhite described a number of changes in the provision of medical care
after Op TELIC 1.32 During Op TELIC 1, the MOD generally used armoured ambulances
to move casualties from aid posts to medical regiments and a mixture of ambulances
and helicopters to get from (Role 2) medical regiments to hospital. From Op TELIC 2,
the military generally used helicopters to move from the point of wounding or the aid
post to hospital.
28 As defined in the 1 September 2002 Strategic Medical Estimate. Figures for battle casualties and casualties from chemical warfare represent best and worse case estimates respectively.
59. Lt Gen Lillywhite told the Inquiry that he had not experienced any problems in securing sufficient helicopters for those medical moves.
Support for injured Service Personnel and their families
60. The number of casualties and aeromedical evacuations relating to Op TELIC are set out in the table below.33 The figures for 2003, 2004 and 2005 reflect military casualties only; the figures for 2006 onwards reflect military and civilian casualties.
Table 2: Casualties and aeromedical evacuations relating to Op TELIC
Table 2 12 – 16.2
Establishing a Military Managed Ward at Selly Oak hospital
61. MOD Ministers and senior military officers made regular visits to injured Service Personnel, both in the UK and Iraq.34
62. Mr Blair made a private visit to RCDM Selly Oak in February 2005.
63. Mr Des Browne, the Defence Secretary, visited RCDM Selly Oak on 15 August 2006.
64. Lt Gen Freddie Viggers, the Adjutant General, visited RCDM Selly Oak on 21 August.35 He reported on 22 August that:
• The quality of clinical care was excellent.
• Morale among military medical staff was “fragile”, due to under-manning, the joint military/civilian structure, and the physical environment.
• Wounded soldiers wanted to be looked after in a military environment “within which they can be with their mates, be looked after by named military nurses
33 DASA, [undated], Op TELIC Casualty and Fatality Tables: 1 January 2003 to 31 July 2009. The figure for 2009 is to 31 July 2009. Casualty figures exclude casualties due to natural causes.
34 Minute Batchelor to PS/SoS [MOD], 13 August 2006, ‘Preparatory Brief for Visit to RCDM HQ on Tuesday 15 Aug 06 of the Rt Hon Des Browne MP Secretary of State for Defence’.
35 Minute AG to DCDS (Health), 22 August 2006, ‘Visit to Royal Centre for Defence Medicine (RCDM) – 21 August 2006’.
and be treated like soldiers (including security)”. Enhancing the military
environment was “essential” for soldiers’ physical and psychological recovery.
• It was iniquitous that soldiers being treated at the RCDM Selly Oak lost their
entitlement to the Operational Welfare Package (OWP) and some other
allowances. The OWP would provide much of the support (including TVs, DVDs
and telephone calls) that were currently being provided from “assorted nonpublic
funds” or paid for by the soldiers themselves.
65. Lt Gen Viggers identified a number of immediate actions, including:
• informing wounded personnel what the MOD was planning to do to create a
military environment;
• starting to create that military environment, by putting soldiers together in one
area of a ward; and
• extending the OWP to patients.
66. On 23 August, General Sir Timothy Granville-Chapman, Vice Chief of Defence
Staff (VCDS), reported that Mr Browne had given him a “very thorough de-brief” on his
15 August visit to RCDM Selly Oak.36 Key points included:
• Mr Browne was “very seized” with the need for injured personnel to recover in a
military environment, and was clear that a “military ward solution” was needed.
• Mr Browne was “very much behind” Lt Gen Viggers’ recommendation that the
OWP should be extended to injured personnel.
67. The following week, the MOD’s Service Personnel Board (SPB) considered a
package of financial and non-financial measures which aimed to replicate the effects of
the OWP for in-patients, whether at the RCDM or elsewhere.37 The SPB was advised
that, although the package was “work in progress”, Gen Granville-Chapman was clear
that the proposal “cannot bear the delay inherent in the usual staff circulations”.
68. The package, which included the payment of Incidental Expenses to in-patients
and an extension to the Dangerously Ill Forwarding of Relatives (DILFOR) scheme, was
agreed and implemented by the end of September.38
69. The extension of the DILFOR scheme provided for two close family members
to visit the permanent residence of a hospitalised Service person, so that they could
support the family members there. The DILFOR scheme was extended again in 2008
36 Minute VCDS to DCDS(Pers), 23 August 2006, ‘SoS Visit to Headley Court and RCDM’.
37 Paper MOD, 31 August 2006, ‘Welfare Support for Service In-Patients’.
38 Minute Randall to Fleet-NLM DACOS PPA, 27 September 2006, ‘Extension of DILFOR Travel Arrangements to the Families of Service Personnel who are Hospitalized’; Minute Randall to Fleet-NLM DACOS PPA, 27 September 2006, ‘Payment of Incidental Expenses to Service Personnel who are Hospitalized’.
to allow multiple journeys to and from a hospital if the family was unable to remain at the bedside.39
70. In early October, there was considerable press coverage of alleged verbal abuse of military patients at Selly Oak hospital by members of the public.40
71. On 24 October, the SPB assessed that action to establish a Military Managed Ward (MMW) at RCDM Selly Oak was “well in hand”, and that:
“Security had been the biggest issue, and a weekly meeting was now in place between the local police (who have security primacy), MOD Police, RCDM and NHS Staffs.”41
72. General Sir Richard Dannatt made his first visit to RCDM Selly Oak as Chief of the General Staff (CGS) in December.42 He reported to Air Chief Marshal Jock Stirrup, Chief of the Defence Staff, that while progress was being made, the “whole ‘system’ for dealing with those wounded on operations, once back in the UK, has been allowed to sink to such a woefully inadequate level that the task to rebuild it … is huge”. He identified two underlying problems:
• RCDM was principally focused on delivering trained medical staff, rather than treating the wounded.
• The MOD had implicitly accepted that the NHS level of care was “good enough” for Service Personnel. That was reasonable for clinical care, but not for other issues such as the nurse to patient ratio, access to specialist units, and food.
73. Gen Dannatt concluded that efforts to establish an MMW needed to be re‑invigorated and, more fundamentally, that the MOD should “operationalise” Selly Oak as a Role 4 military medical facility.
74. The MMW reached Initial Operating Capability in December 2006 and Full Operating Capability in July 2007, when it comprised 39 medical Service Personnel (compared with 12 in summer 2006):
• 11 orthopaedic nurses;
• 15 general nurses; and
• 13 healthcare assistants.43
75. Gen Dannatt visited the MMW at Selly Oak on 22 June 2007 and reported that it was “at last moving in the right direction”.44 Clinical care, welfare support and administration were better led and co-ordinated, and there was a greater sense of
39 Paper MOD, June 2010, ‘Operational Welfare Enhancements as at June 2010’.
40 Daily Mail, 5 October 2006, Calls for ‘military-wards’ to protect troops from abuse.
41 Minutes, 24 October 2004 Service Personnel Board meeting.
42 Minute Dannatt to CDS, December 2006, ‘CGS Visit to RDCM Selly Oak: 6 December 06’.
43 Paper MOD, 28 June 2010, ‘Medical Input to Ainsworth Brief’.
44 Minute Dannatt to VCDS, 26 June 2007, ‘Visit to Selly Oak – 2 Jun 07’.
urgency, although “we should not take any satisfaction in reaching what is only the basic
level of care that our wounded servicemen deserve”.
76. The challenge now was to ensure that clinical, welfare and administrative support
was delivered to injured personnel in a holistic manner wherever they were in the
healthcare system.
77. In February 2008, the House of Commons Defence Committee described the clinical
care for Service Personnel injured on operations as “second to none”.45 The Committee
commented, however, that “many of the improvements … are relatively recent, and
there has been a great deal of change over the past 18 months. The MOD should not be
complacent: they have had to learn important lessons and it is now clear that the picture
at Selly Oak was not always so positive.”
78. Specific issues cited in the report included the provision of toiletries and basic
clothing for Service Personnel, travel assistance for the families of injured Service
Personnel, and accommodation for the relatives of parents. The report stated that
improvements were taking place, but “some of the slack had been taken up by
welfare organisations”.
79. Mr Adam Ingram, Minister for the Armed Forces from 2001 to 2007, told the Inquiry:
“It became very clear early on that there was a problem at Selly Oak. It wasn’t the
question of the quality of the medical care. It was the fact that they were in mixed
[military/civilian] wards. You had soldiers who had been attended to by civilian
nurses, civilian doctors and in the next bed there may well be a civilian injured
person or old person.
“That became a big issue. My instinct initially was … that if I was injured, I just
wanted the best medical care …
“But, as a result of a number of visits, Ministerial visits, it became abundantly clear
we needed to do other things. So progressively, the number of military personnel,
in terms of the medical care, changed …”46
80. Lt Gen Lillywhite told the Inquiry:
“It quickly became apparent that returning casualties actually wanted to be looked
after by the military …
“Although at no stage … was the clinical care of casualties coming back from Iraq
compromised, there was an unhappiness amongst the patients themselves and their
relatives about the lack of military involvement in both their care, although actually
much more so in their welfare support.
45 Seventh Report from the House of Commons Defence Committee, Session 2007-2008, Medical Care for the Armed Forces, HC327, pages 3 and 13.
“So there was a period when the plan, which was working, was not in accord with what people had expected or wanted. So that led to a significant period of adverse press and internal adverse press as well, whilst both the medical services, but even more so the chain of command, organised themselves to actually provide that military bubble around the care in the hospital.”47
81. Lt Gen Lillywhite told the Inquiry that, while establishing a “military bubble” – such as the MMW – around a military patient did not improve the quality of clinical care, “one should not underestimate the beneficial impact upon recovery, upon family dynamics, and upon psychological wellbeing of actually being content”.48 He added that the importance of continuing to provide a military bubble during treatment was one of the main lessons learned by DMS and the MOD from Iraq.
Improvements at Headley Court
82. The facilities at DMRC Headley Court had been significantly enhanced by the end of Op TELIC, including through:
• the opening of a Complex Rehabilitation and Amputee Unit in June 2006: a contract was let to a private company that manufactured individually tailored prosthetics on site;49
• construction of a 30-bed temporary ward annex, which was brought into use in May 2007;50
• construction of a 58-bed staff and patient accommodation block (Wood House) in January 2009; and
• the opening of the Centre for Mental and Cognitive Health, to provide mental health and clinical psychology services, in spring 2009.
83. In May 2008, Ministers announced £24m in capital funding over four years for a Headley Court development programme. Over the first two years, this funding was mainly applied to the MOD contribution to the “Help for Heroes” rehabilitation complex (which was officially opened in June 2010) and a utilities upgrade for the whole site.
84. Lt Gen Lillywhite told the Inquiry that, while Headley Court was a “centre of excellence”, it was also “the greatest area of risk in actually managing casualties”.51 The first risk area was its capacity:
“We were seeing far more cases that needed in-patient care in beds than we had ever seen probably since Korea … and the capacity of Headley Court was not sufficient to have met it. Luckily, the building programme, the temporary ward, the
49 Seventh Report from the House of Commons Defence Committee, Session 2007-2008, Medical Care for the Armed Forces, HC327.
relationships with the local planning authority, enabled us just to keep ahead of the
surge. A close run thing, I think, but we kept ahead of the surge.”
85. The second risk area was the building itself: “Headley Court is a fine listed building, which had in essence for many years treated sports injuries, complex sports injuries, but not open wounds. What we have started doing in this conflict is starting rehabilitation ever earlier, with significant success. But it posed risk in the type of surroundings that they were being managed in, in that Headley Court was not set up to look after cases that were open wounds or complex medication that required ongoing non-rehabilitation specialist care.”52
86. The Inquiry visited Headley Court in October 2010, and spoke to a number of
members of staff and Iraq veterans. Members of staff told the Inquiry that it would be
helpful if they were given more forewarning about deliberate operations with potential for
high casualties.
87. In early October 2006, Gen Dannatt directed Major General Mark Mans, the
Deputy Adjutant General (DAG), to lead an assessment of in-Service welfare provision
to see where improvements could be made.53 Gen Dannatt directed that the assessment
should include discussions with the Soldiers, Sailors, Airmen and Families Association
(SSAFA) on bringing back SSAFA Social Workers.
88. Maj Gen Mans replied to Gen Dannatt on 30 November, recommending that
he should:
• invite the SSAFA to:
provide short-stay hostels for families at Selly Oak and Headley Court;
provide additional support for vulnerable Service leavers;
provide enhanced support for Service parents of children with disabilities
and special needs; and
provide enhanced adoption services;
• enhance the current Army Welfare Service (AWS) structure with additional Civil
Service Social Workers and Welfare Workers; and
• invite DCDS(Personnel) to organise a “wide-ranging, tri-Service, Ministeriallyled”
conference to increase understanding of welfare and healthcare support to
the ex-Service community.
89. Maj Gen Mans advised that the AWS, like the rest of the Army, was “running hot”.
The “heavy burden” of operational commitments and increased casualties had led to
a 20 percent increase in the AWS’s workload over the past year. Using Civil Service
(rather than SSAFA) Social Workers would give the AWS access to an established and
53 Minute DAG to CGS, 30 November 2006, ‘Welfare and Aftercare’.
trained delivery network with a national footprint. SSAFA could be best deployed to provide support on discrete activities to specific groups.
90. Lt Gen Mans advised colleagues in December 2006 that Gen Dannatt considered it was timely to hold a wide-ranging conference on welfare and aftercare provision for Service leavers and veterans, “[a]gainst a background of changing operational imperatives, high commitment levels and evolving welfare demands, as well as a steadily declining knowledge and consciousness amongst the public and in the media of military needs and expectations during and after service”.54
91. The Tri-Service Welfare Conference was held in April 2007.55
92. Gen Dannatt wrote in his autobiography that although no major decisions were taken at the conference, “all those present were left in no doubt that those of us at the top of the organisation [the MOD] knew what the problems were, understood them, and had a determined commitment to tackle them”.56
The role of charitable organisations
In the UK, charitable organisations have traditionally played an important role in providing care to Service Personnel and veterans, often working closely with the MOD, the NHS and the private sector.
Lt Gen Lillywhite told the Inquiry that the MOD welcomed the involvement of charitable organisations (although it might not always agree with their approach): “They all have a desire to actually progress the care of Servicemen … and they actually contribute significantly to; one, promoting the cause of particularly the ex-Servicemen; secondly, they are quite good at challenging us on what we are doing or not doing; and thirdly, they often bring a degree of expertise or approach that we might not otherwise have recognised.
“… it is a complex relationship but they are an essential part, in my view, of our society in terms of actually ensuring that veterans in particular, but to a lesser extent, serving soldiers, get the appropriate care that they require.”57
In his autobiography, Gen Dannatt described how, in 2007, charitable organisations became increasingly involved in military medical and welfare issues, as the number of casualties in Iraq and Afghanistan grew and the “fragility of the … arrangements for our seriously injured become painfully apparent”.58 That fragility related not to clinical care, which was excellent, but to the broader support that was available to injured personnel and their families.
54 Paper Mans, 20 December 2006, ‘Army Welfare and Aftercare Conference Victory Services Club, London on Mon 16 Apr 07’.
55 Minute MOD [junior official] to PS/Minister for Veterans [MOD], 5 June 2007, ‘Veterans Forum – 15th June 2007’.
56 Dannatt R. Leading from the Front. Bantam Press, 2010.
Gen Dannatt wrote that the increasing involvement of charitable organisations was, in his
view, not a response to “a challenge thrown down by the Government, merely evidence
that the nation was beginning to get behind its soldiers and their families”.
Handling complex cases
93. Lt Gen Lillywhite told the Inquiry that survival rates improved significantly over the
course of Op TELIC.59 He also highlighted the increasing number of Service Personnel
with “complex injuries” that would be seen in civilian life extremely rarely, and for which
civilian medical and social services have not been set up to manage.
94. Lt Gen Lillywhite also told the Inquiry that since the start of the Iraq conflict, the
MOD had taken a more flexible approach to determining the appropriate date for
discharge, which now depended on the individual’s circumstances.60 He described
that to be “a compassionate response to … very, very serious injuries and sometimes
family situations”.
95. A particular challenge was managing the transfer of care from the military system to
the NHS, when an individual with complex injuries was discharged.61 The military system
was holding onto casualties for longer, and in some cases to a point where it did not
have all the capability required to care for the individual. However, at that same point,
the NHS was not set up to provide the comprehensive care that was required.
Lt Gen Lillywhite commented: “So arranging that care package requires individual persuasion, discussion, debate, with the local authorities in the place where that individual is at home. Of course, the issue of funding can then come into it …
“So the ongoing care of the complex casualty is throwing up issues that we have not
seen before.”
96. Lt Gen Lillywhite suggested that individuals with complex injuries should be treated
by the Government as a group with specific clinical needs, in recognition of their service
and on clinical grounds to enable specialist care to be arranged and provided more
consistently.62 He subsequently stated:
“I had general agreement when I was in office that that was what was required, but
it needs giving effect to, and there are ongoing issues that can be only addressed
in my view by treating them as a group … for example, giving them the advanced prostheses in the future, giving them access to new techniques that are becoming available as a result of research.”63
Clinical developments during Op TELIC
The MOD told the Inquiry that it had identified five major “lessons” from the provision of medical care during Op TELIC, and had incorporated those lessons into its medical procedures.64 The lessons were:
• Novel haemostatics. Experience during Op TELIC showed that control of catastrophic bleeding in the first 10 minutes after wounding led to a significant improvements in mortality and morbidity rates. New blood clotting agents, the Combat Applied Tourniquet, and an improved First Field dressing were introduced to arrest the flow of blood more effectively.
• Medical Emergency Response Teams (MERTs). Experience during Op TELIC led to the creation of Immediate Response Teams (IRTs), to deliver medical care at the point of wounding. The concept was developed into MERTs, which deliver consultant-led, pre-hospital emergency care.
• The introduction of a more capable “ground evacuation platform” (based on the Mastiff) which improved soldiers’ confidence in the casualty evacuation chain and significantly improved the delivery of medical care during evacuation.
• The introduction of digital imaging which allowed casualties to be diagnosed more quickly and more accurately.
• The development of an enhanced system for capturing medical data from all parts of the operational medical chain which improved casualty care and treatment regimes.
The Inquiry asked Lt Gen Lillywhite what the MOD had learned from Op TELIC about trauma care.65 Lt Gen Lillywhite highlighted three areas:
• how to save life at the point of injury, including through the use of haemostatic dressings and massive transfusion protocols;
• how to sustain the quality of life of seriously injured individuals into the long term; and
• pain management.
Lt Gen Lillywhite added that those advances, and others, were being transferred to civilian medicine.
Research into the physical and psychological health of Operation TELIC personnel
97. Following a meeting of the Veterans Task Force on 10 April 2003, and as major
combat operations in Iraq continued, Dr Lewis Moonie, the Parliamentary Under
Secretary of State for Defence, discussed with MOD officials the value of initiating a
long-term study of the health of Op TELIC veterans.66
98. In early May, an MOD official asked Dr Moonie to agree that the UK Government
should support a large-scale programme of research on the physical and psychological
health of personnel deployed on Op TELIC.67 The cost could not yet be precisely
estimated, but could be around £3m.
99. The official commented that the UK Government had moved “far too late” to initiate
research programmes after the 1990/1991 Gulf Conflict, leading to a loss of trust from
veterans and the public: “By the time we [the Government] responded concern was widespread and the idea of a ‘Gulf War Syndrome’, for which there is still no scientific evidence, had taken root.
“We therefore need to act early this time and put in place as soon as possible a
robust programme of research … and respond as necessary.”
100. Dr Moonie agreed that recommendation.68
101. The MOD subsequently commissioned the King’s Centre for Military Health
Research (the King’s Centre) at King’s College London to undertake a large-scale
epidemiological study into the physical and psychological health of personnel deployed
on Op TELIC.69 The “primary objectives” of the study were:
• to assess the physical and psychological health of personnel deployed on
Op TELIC in comparison with personnel not deployed on Op TELIC; and
• to ascertain whether an “Iraqi War Syndrome” had emerged following
deployment, similar to the Gulf War Syndrome.
66 Minute PS/USofS [MOD] to Hd GVIU, 11 April 2003, ‘Op TELIC: Studies of Returning Service Personnel’.
67 Minute MOD [junior official] to PS/USofS [MOD], 1 May 2003, ‘Op TELIC – Research into Possible Health Effects Post-Conflict’.
68 Minute PS/USofS [MOD] to Hd GVIU, 6 May 2003, ‘Op TELIC – Research into Possible Health Effects Post-Conflict’.
69 King’s Centre for Military Health Research, 2006, The Iraq Study 2003 – 2006: Monitoring the Physical and Psychological Health of Personnel Deployed on Operation TELIC 1 (Op TELIC 1): Key Results from Stage 1.
102. Secondary objectives included:
• to compare the health of Regular and Reservist Personnel; and
• to assess risk-taking behaviours (alcohol consumption and risky driving) in personnel deployed on Op TELIC.
103. In December 2003, the MOD published a report on lessons it had drawn from operations in Iraq.70 The report provided a brief update on the King’s College work, and concluded that “to date, we are not aware of any unusual pattern of ill-health in returning personnel”.
104. The initial findings of the King’s College research were published in May 2006.
Over-Arching Review of Operational Stress Management
The MOD completed its Over-Arching Review of Operational Stress Management (OROSM) in September 2004, and a second phase covering Training and Communications Strategies in April 2005.
The OROSM defined six steps in operational stress management:
• pre-service entry beliefs and attitudes;
• in-service training and promotion courses for career development;
• pre-deployment;
• operational deployment;
• post-operational recovery; and
• on discharge from the Armed Forces.
Implementation and delivery of operational stress management within that framework remained the responsibility of the individual Services.
The OROSM clearly identified operational stress management as a management, rather than a medical, responsibility.
105. Over the course of Op TELIC, in addition to the requirement for a period of “normalisation” at the end of an operational tour, commanders increasingly opted for their units to undertake a formal period of decompression at the end of an operational tour, as part of post-operational stress management.71
106. Decompression involved “placing groups into a structured and – critically – monitored environment in which to begin winding down and rehabilitating to a normal, routine, peacetime environment”. Any individual considered to be vulnerable to any form
70 Ministry of Defence, Operations in Iraq: Lessons for the Future, December 2003.
71 Minute DCDS(Pers) to VCDS, July 2007, ‘Decompression’.
of post-operational stress should be identified, so that the appropriate support could be
provided as the individuals passed through the demobilisation process.72
107. The MOD assessed that decompression was best suited to formed teams
and units.73 Where possible, units should include individual augmentees (including
Reservists) in their decompression arrangements. In the cases of individuals who were
not available for the decompression period, the “clinically relevant” elements of the
decompression process could be covered by pre-departure briefings and the subsequent
normalisation period.
108. For Army units on Op TELIC, decompression usually took place in Cyprus over a
period of 36 hours.
109. The first formal period of decompression took place in 2004, at the end of
Op TELIC 3.74
110. By July 2007, the MOD’s policy was that formed units should have a period of
decompression unless a formal application to opt out had been agreed by the chain
of command.75 Air Marshal (AM) David Pocock, the Deputy Chief of Defence Staff
(Personnel), advised Gen Granville-Chapman that, in the absence of evidence of
“clinical efficacy”, the policy was based on the “military judgement” that decompression
promoted adjustment and re-integration into a normal environment.
111. In August 2010, the MOD produced an analysis of Op TELIC from a Land
perspective.76 The analysis stated that many units reported that individual augmentees
and members of the TA could “fall between the cracks” and not carry out decompression.
Some units reported that members of the TA could not remain with the unit during
normalisation when it took place in the unit’s barracks, and therefore went home.
112. The MOD concluded: “… a debate remains to be had about whether the main effort for Reservists should be to return them to civilian life as quickly as possible or extend their period in mobilised service to effect full normalisation … What is vital is to ensure that all
TA Personnel are given adequate transition back to civilian life, and this includes
important information on where to get assistance if he/she needs it. POSM [Post-
Operational Stress Management] must continue through their chain of command.”
72 Minute DCDS(Pers) to MA/USoS [MOD], December 2006, ‘Management of Personnel Returning from High Intensity Operations’.
76 Report Land Command, 31 August 2010, ‘Operations in Iraq: An Analysis from a Land Perspective’.
Variations in the level of support after an operational deployment
113. The Inquiry heard from a number of veterans and witnesses that the level of support received by personnel returning from Op TELIC varied significantly.
114. The Inquiry asked Lieutenant General Sir Alistair Irwin, Adjutant General from 2003 to 2005, whether he was aware of that variation and, if so, what was done to address it.77 He told the Inquiry: “… we were aware that there were varying standards … That was obviously a worry because, where the standard was good, that was fine. Where the standard was not good, then something clearly needed to be done about it.
“So there was a constant interchange between my people, who were producing the advice, the guidance, the policy, and the people who were actually delivering these things, which were … the welfare staffs … the field Army and the chain of command.
“… there was, amongst us all collectively, a desire to deliver as good a product as we could for those who needed it but, when it boils down to it, when you have a complex machine that consists of over 100,000 individual people, you can be absolutely certain, no matter what it is that you do, that there will be people who one way or another don’t live up to the standard required.
“So much to the regret of all of us involved, there were unquestionably people who weren’t looked after as well as they should have been. There is no doubt about that and each one of them represents, in some degree or another, a failure.
“I hope, though … without in any way wanting to sound complacent about it, that that number was probably relatively small.”
115. Lt Gen Irwin agreed that those individuals were more likely to have returned to environments without significant military support around them, including Reservists returning to civilian life and Regular Personnel living away from barracks.
116. Vice Admiral Peter Wilkinson, Deputy Chief of Defence Staff (Personnel) from 2007, told the Inquiry: “Certainly, when we started the campaign, we were much more adept at looking after the large, formed units than we were on those individuals who had either gone out as single staff or on an augmentee basis.
“I think, as we have gained greater experience of the operation and of the likely pressures on the troops, then we have become more adept and more proactive at looking after their likely needs.”78
First reports from the King’s Centre study
117. Professor Simon Wessely and Professor Christopher Dandeker presented the early
findings of the King’s Centre study to the 25 May 2005 meeting of the Service Personnel
Board (SPB).79 The record of the meeting reported:
“The initial observations suggest that for Regulars, there was no Iraqi War
syndrome, no increases in general mental health problems and PTSD [Post-
Traumatic Stress Disorder], or increases in alcohol intake. These observations were
different to Op GRANBY [the 1990/1991 Gulf Conflict]. For Reservists, there have
been increases in general mental health problems and a doubling of PTSD, but no
increase in alcohol intake.”
118. Two papers from the King’s Centre study into the physical and psychological health
of personnel deployed on Op TELIC were published in May 2006.
119. The first paper concluded that for Regular Personnel, deployment to Iraq had not,
so far, been associated with significantly worse health outcomes, apart from a modest
effect on multiple physical symptoms.80 There was, however, evidence of a clinically and
statistically significant effect on the health of Reservists, in relation to PTSD symptoms,
multiple physical symptoms, and general perceptions of health.
120. The second paper concluded that there had been no substantial increase in
symptomatic ill-health amongst members of the Regular Armed Forces who had taken
part in the invasion of Iraq, and there was no pattern suggestive of a new syndrome.81
That finding was in contrast to the situation after the 1990/1991 Gulf Conflict, when a
substantial increase in symptomatic ill-health had been observed.
121. On 16 May, Mr Tom Watson, the Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for
Defence, set the conclusions of the papers and the Government’s response in a written
statement to Parliament: “… a small but measurable number of Reservists (when compared either with Regulars who did deploy or Reservists who did not deploy) are showing some increased health effects as a result of deployment – particularly for common mental disorders (such as anxiety, depression and stress), post traumatic stress disorder and fatigue. It remains the case, though, that the reported rates of indicators of
common mental ill-health for both Reservists and Regulars are broadly of the same
order as found in the general UK population.”82
79 Minutes, 25 May 2005, Service Personnel Board meeting.
80 Hotopf et al. The health of UK military Personnel who deployed to the 2003 Iraq war: A cohort study. The Lancet 367: 1731-1741 (2006).
81 Horn et al. Is there an ‘Iraq War Syndrome’? Comparison of the health of UK Service Personnel after the Gulf and Iraq wars. The Lancet 367: 1742-1746 (2006).
82 House of Commons, Official Report, 16 May 2006, column 43WS.
122. Mr Watson described the issue of Reservists’ mental health as the “key finding” of the study, advised that the Government was already monitoring the issue closely and looking at possible solutions, and announced that the Government would introduce an enhanced post-operational mental health programme for recently demobilised Reservists later in the year.
123. Lt Gen Lillywhite told the Inquiry that there might be several reasons why Reservists might suffer more from mental health issues:
• less preparatory training throughout their careers than Regular Personnel;
• a less supportive environment for the families of Reservists than for Regular Personnel;
• a less robust selection process; and
• an absence of “ongoing support from their peers” when Reservists left the military environment and returned to civilian life.83
124. The King’s Centre study was extended in 2006 into a second phase (2007 to 2010), and broadened to include all subsequent Iraq deployments and deployments to Afghanistan.84
Reserves Mental Health Programme
125. In November 2006, in response to the findings of the King’s Centre study, the MOD launched the Reserves Mental Health Programme (RMHP), to provide enhanced mental healthcare to current and former Reservists who had been demobilised since 1 January 2003 following deployment on an overseas operation.85
126. The RMHP provided a mental health assessment and, if appropriate, out-patient treatment at one of the MOD’s Departments of Community Mental Health (DCMHs). In‑patient treatment was provided through the NHS.
127. The MOD assessed that there could be, in the worse case, a “backlog” of 680 individuals (who had been demobilised since 1 January 2003 and who had concerns over their mental health), who would be referred to the RMHP when it launched.86 Thereafter the RMHP was expected to receive 75 referrals a year.
128. A 2011 study concluded that the RMHP was an effective method of treatment for those who accessed it.87
84 Paper MOD, 29 June 2010, ‘Veterans Mental Health’.
85 Surgeon General’s Policy Letter 28/06, 21 November 2006, ‘Reservists Mental Health Programme’.
86 Paper MOD, 25 August 2006, ‘Recently Demobilised Reservists Mental Health Project: The Proposal and Business Process’.
87 N Jones et al. A Clinical Follow-up Study of Reserve Forces Personnel Treated for Mental Health Problems Following Demobilisation. Journal of Mental Health 20 (2011).
Concerns over mental health issues, late 2006
129. Section 16.1 describes the concerns of General Sir Richard Dannatt, Chief of the
General Staff (CGS) from August 2006, that the Army was “running hot” and the military
covenant was out of balance.88
130. Gen Dannatt visited Iraq in late September 2006.89 His report to Air Chief Marshal
Jock Stirrup, Chief of the Defence Staff (CDS), highlighted the psychological welfare of
Service Personnel as one area where action was required: “I was concerned to hear that there had been 99 referrals to the Field Mental Health Team from 20 Bde alone during their tour. This number seems high, though I suspect as people start returning to Iraq (or Afghanistan) for the third or fourth time it will not be atypical. I am aware … that we do not equip our soldiers as well as we might during their pre-deployment training for the combat stress of operations. I am discussing this with AG [the Adjutant General, Lt Gen Viggers], and we will shortly be taking steps to improve our commanders’ understanding of, and ability to deal with, psychiatric casualties in theatre. I will ensure that this work informs DCDS(Personnel)’s Overarching Review of Operational Stress Management.
“I am less sanguine, however, about what happens to psychological casualties
evacuated back to UK – in the case of 20 Bde about 20 individuals. As I understand
it, once in the UK these casualties are managed by The Priory, a civilian contractor,
for psychiatric treatment. Not only do we tend to lose track of these casualties
thereafter, but I feel intuitively that rustication from a military environment is
hardly the best way to treat all but the very worst of our stress casualties. Indeed,
experience from recent major conflicts tells us that soldiers suffering from combat
stress are best treated in as military an environment as possible. Once the
psychological props of discipline, esprit de corps, ethos and humour are removed,
the road to recovery for stress casualties grows that much longer. Now that we have
decided, quite rightly, to run RCDM Birmingham on more military lines,90 we should
at least ask ourselves similar questions over our care of psychiatric casualties.”
131. Gen Dannatt subsequently tasked Major General Mark Mans, the Deputy Adjutant
General (DAG), to address those concerns.91
88 Letter Dannatt to Browne, 31 August 2006, [untitled].
89 Minute Dannatt to CDS, 2 October 2006, ‘CGS’ Visit to Iraq: 26-28 Sep 06’.
90 A reference to the decision to establish a Military Managed Ward at Selly Oak hospital.
91 Minute DAG [MOD] to CGS, 30 November 2006, ‘Welfare and Aftercare’.
132. Mr Ingram visited Iraq from 30 September to 1 October.92 His Private Secretary reported that three concerns had been raised with Mr Ingram with regard to “psychiatric treatment”:
• There was an “apparent upward trend (if not surge)” in the number of people requiring support in the second half of six-month tours.
• The US provided “significantly more in-theatre welfare/counselling support” than the UK (although the US deployed personnel for longer than the UK).
• Personnel evacuated back to the UK to receive treatment at The Priory had, from their unit’s perspective, been “‘lost’ for weeks at a time”.
133. Maj Gen Mans replied to Gen Dannatt on 30 November, advising that:
• The high level of psychiatric casualties being referred to the Field Mental Health Team (FMHT) was a positive feature rather than a cause for concern, as it reflected a willingness by personnel to consult the FMHT. The number of personnel evacuated from theatre was lower than might be expected from the number of referrals to the FMHT.
• The current system for providing care for personnel evacuated from theatre with mental health problems (treatment at The Priory and/or the MOD’s Departments of Community Mental Health) conformed to psychiatric best practice. The recently activated RMHP would also help.
• Regarding commanders’ understanding of and ability to deal with psychiatric issues, the OROSM had recommended that personnel receive stress management training at points throughout their career. This recommendation had been partially implemented; full implementation required resources and training time.93
134. In November, Mr Derek Twigg, Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for Defence, expressed his concern that the MOD was not providing a “comprehensive rehabilitation package” for personnel returning from operations.94
135. AM Pocock responded in December.95 He advised that a forecast that the current downward trend in Road Traffic Accidents would stall, and a recent King’s Centre paper indicating an increased tendency towards risk-taking behaviour after deployment, both supported Mr Twigg’s “nagging concern” that the MOD might not be providing the support that personnel (including Regulars, Reservists, formed units, individuals, and individuals who had been medically evacuated) required.
92 Minute PS/Min(AF) [MOD] to MA/CJO, 4 October 2006, ‘Iraq: Minister (AF)’s Visit 30 Sept – 1 Oct ’06’.
136. AM Pocock set out the six-step process defined by the MOD’s Operational Stress
Management Policy and highlighted the role of decompression as one element of
step 5 (post-operational recovery). Work to evaluate the effectiveness of decompression
was under way.
137. In July 2007, AM Pocock advised Gen Granville-Chapman that, following the
2005 OROSM review, the MOD’s policy on operational stress management was “both
comprehensive and robust”.96 The MOD had now undertaken an analysis within the
three Services and the Civil Service of how much training for operational stress was
available and how effective it was. This “gap analysis” indicated that the three Services
“already do much to address [operational stress management] training needs”. A bid for
resources to plug the gaps, including the wider implementation of the Royal Marines’
Trauma Risk Management programme proposed by the Army, would be submitted.
Trauma Risk Management
138. In 2008, the Armed Forces rolled out Trauma Risk Management (TRiM) in all
three Services.97
139. Lt Gen Lillywhite described TRiM as a form of debriefing after a traumatic event,98
but undertaken in peer groups rather than by an external counsellor. The person who
was leading the debriefing was taught to identify whether their colleagues were under
stress and might need referral elsewhere.99
Further findings from the King’s Centre study
140. Further reports from the King’s Centre study in 2009 and 2010 reported that:
• There was no increase in mental health problems in Regular Personnel serving
in Iraq or Afghanistan, compared with Regular Personnel not deployed to Iraq
or Afghanistan.
• The rate of symptoms of PTSD remained “relatively low” among Regular
Personnel deployed to Iraq or Afghanistan; estimates ranged between 1.3 and
4.8 percent following deployment. The rate of symptoms of PTSD in the general
UK population was approximately 3 percent.
• Between 16 and 20 percent of Regular Personnel reported common mental
disorders, such as depression and anxiety. This was similar to the rate in the
general UK population.
97 Seventh Report from the House of Commons Defence Committee, Session 2010-2012, The Armed Forces Covenant in Action?, HC 762.
98 Traumatic events might include sudden death, serious injury, near misses and overwhelming distress when dealing with disaster relief and body handling.
• Alcohol misuse was a common problem among Regular Personnel deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan. In the first phase of the King’s Centre study (2003 to 2006), only “combat troops” were found to have a higher prevalence of alcohol misuse following deployment to Iraq. Later analyses showed a higher prevalence of alcohol misuse among all Regular Personnel who were deployed to Iraq or Afghanistan, regardless of their role on deployment.
• “Combat troops” deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan showed a small but significant increase in the risk of symptoms of PTSD compared with non-combat troops. Approximately 7 percent of combat troops had symptoms of PTSD following deployment.
• Reservists deployed to Iraq or Afghanistan were at a higher risk of reporting symptoms of PTSD, when compared with Reservists not deployed to Iraq or Afghanistan. The King’s Centre commented that many factors could contribute to the excess of mental ill-health observed in deployed Reservists, including their relative inexperience of combat operations, lower unit cohesion, and problems in the home and work environment during or after deployment. The King’s Centre also commented that despite the introduction of measures focused on helping Reservists (including the RMHP and better support for Reservists’ families), the excess of mental health problems (specifically PTSD) observed among Reservists deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan was “disappointingly persistent”.
• Multiple deployments were not consistently associated with an increased risk of mental health problems. However, the cumulative duration of deployments did affect mental health; if troops deployed for more than 13 months over a three-year period they were at increased risk of mental health problems, particularly an increased risk of PTSD symptoms. The King’s Centre commented that the finding supported the MOD’s Harmony Guidelines for Army Personnel. Ensuring that the Guidelines were not exceeded could help to reduce the risk of mental health problems in the UK’s Regular forces.
• Regular Personnel were at increased risk of alcohol misuse and PTSD symptoms where the tour length was extended during the deployment itself.100
141. The King’s Centre concluded: “Despite extended campaigns in Iraq and Afghanistan, the prevalence of mental disorders in the UK’s Armed Forces remains low. PTSD is in fact an issue for a relatively small proportion of military personnel. Of particular concern, however, are the high levels of alcohol misuse in Regulars, the mental health of combat troops and also the mental health of Reservists. These three issues require attention over the coming years.”
100 Forbes et al. The Mental Health of UK Armed Forces Personnel: The Impact of Iraq and Afghanistan. RUSI Journal, 156: 14-20 (2011).
The Harmony Guidelines and mental health
Professor Christopher Dandeker, Professor of Military Sociology at King’s College London
and Co-Director of the King’s Centre for Military Health Research, told the House of
Commons Defence Committee in March 2008 that: “… so far as our own research is concerned … I think that the Harmony Guidelines have been well constructed because the evidence suggests that if you stay within them they [Service Personnel] do not suffer; if you go beyond them there is a 20 to 50 percent likelihood that they will suffer in terms of PTSD [Post Traumatic Stress Disorder]”.101
In his evidence to the Inquiry, Air Marshal David Pocock, Deputy Chief of Defence Staff
(Personnel) from 2005 to 2007, questioned whether Professor Dandeker was right
to suggest that the Harmony Guidelines were an appropriate basis for assessing the
effect of operational deployment on individuals.102 The Guidelines had been derived in
a straightforward way from the planning assumptions used in SDR 98 (‘what operations
have we got? How many people have we got? … that means that they can spend this long
away’). AM Pocock said that his focus had been on the broader relationship between time
deployed on operations and the risk of mental health issues.
142. The Inquiry asked Lt Gen Lillywhite how the MOD’s approach to mental health had
changed over the course of Op TELIC.103
143. Lt Gen Lillywhite told the Inquiry that the “perennial challenge” was to overcome
the stigma associated with mental health issues: “A lot of effort has gone into educating both commanders and individuals that psychological adverse effects is not something that needs to be hidden. We have not fully succeeded, nor has any other nation, and neither has the civilian population. Mental health continues to have a stigma amongst many that actually inhibits its presenting for care early.”
144. Lt Gen Lillywhite highlighted the introduction of a decompression period after
an operational deployment and TRiM, as two significant developments in the MOD’s
approach to supporting mental health.
145. The MOD provided compensation to Service Personnel who suffered from illness
or injury, including mental health problems.
101 Fourteenth Report from the Defence Committee, Session 2007-2008, Recruiting and retaining Armed Forces Personnel, Oral and Written Evidence (25 March 2008), HC424.
102 Public hearing, 19 July 2010, pages 68-70.
146. For illnesses and injuries caused before 6 April 2005, compensation was provided under two separate compensation arrangements, the War Pensions Scheme (WPS) and the Armed Forces Pension Scheme 1975 (AFPS 75).
147. In September 2003, after a consultative process which began in 2001, the Government announced that it would introduce a new Armed Forces Pension Scheme (AFPS 05) (see Section 16.1) and a new compensation scheme.104 The new compensation scheme would be introduced in April 2005 and would replace provisions under the War Pensions Scheme and attributable benefits under AFPS 75.
148. Mr Ivor Caplin, the Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for Defence, told Parliament that the new compensation scheme would have “more focus on the more severely disabled” and would provide a lump-sum payment for “pain and suffering” – a benefit that was not available under the current arrangements.
149. The new compensation scheme – the Armed Forces Compensation Scheme (AFCS) – was introduced on 6 April 2005.105 The AFCS:
• Provided compensation for any injury, illness or death which was caused by service on or after 6 April 2005. That included injury or illness which occurred while participating in a “service related activity”, such as organised sport.
• Covered all current and former members of the Armed Forces, including Reservists. For the first time, serving members of the Armed Forces could make claims.
• In the event of service-related death, paid benefits to eligible partners and children. An eligible partner was described as “someone with whom you are cohabiting in an exclusive and substantial relationship, with financial and wider dependence”.
• Provided lump sum payments and, for the most severe injuries and illnesses, Guaranteed Income Payments (GIPs) to provide a regular income stream. Those payments were made according to a comprehensive tariff reflecting, for lump-sum payments, the severity of the injury or illness and, for GIPs, estimated loss of future earnings. The most severe injuries and illnesses qualified for a lump-sum payment of £285,000.
• Used the balance of probabilities standard of proof, in line with similar schemes for civil claims.106
150. Public concern over the level of compensation paid to injured Service Personnel grew in autumn 2007, following press coverage of the compensation awarded to Lance Bombardier Ben Parkinson.107 Lance Bombardier Parkinson was severely injured in
104 House of Commons, Official Report, 15 September 2003, column 40WS.
105 Armed Forces (Pension and Compensation) Act 2004.
106 Ministry of Defence, Guidance: Armed Forces Compensation: What You Need to Know, [undated].
107 Ministry of Defence, Military Covenant: the Support Available to Current and Former Servicemen, 2008.
Afghanistan, losing both his legs and suffering a brain injury and multiple other serious
injuries.108 The BBC reported that he had been awarded £152,150 in compensation.
151. In February 2008, the MOD amended the AFCS to take account of individuals
who had suffered more than one injury in a single incident and to increase the lumpsum
payments to those with the most serious multiple injuries (within the £285,000
maximum).109 The MOD stated that, when the AFCS was developed, the MOD had
not envisaged the “severe, multiple injury cases of the type that are now unfortunately
occurring”. The changes enabled the AFCS to respond to that challenge.
152. In July 2008, within the Service Personnel Command Paper, the Government
doubled the lump-sum payment for the most serious injuries, from £285,000 to
£570,000.110 All payments were increased by at least 10 percent. The Government
committed to apply those increases retrospectively to all those who had already made
claims under the AFCS. GIPs remained unchanged.
153. Mr Ainsworth told the Inquiry that when he pressed for that increase, he had
experienced “some resistance” from some officials in the MOD: “… I can remember a particular official amusing me no end when he told me, ‘You cannot, Minister, double the upfront compensation payment’ … I think he had worked on the scheme for quite some time and was pretty dedicated to it, and he knew some of the other consequences of doubling the upfront payment, [that] potentially it would cause disparities with other people, but my attitude was ‘So what? I can’t defend the level of upfront payment as it exists today and you do not have to, and you are not injured and we are going to double it’, and we did.”111
154. Further increases in lump-sum payments (though not to the maximum amount)
and to GIPs, and changes to the operation of the AFCS, were made in 2010 following a
review of the AFCS.112
Support for veterans
155. In March 2001, the Government launched the Veterans Initiative to identify and
address the needs of veterans, in close partnership with ex-Service organisations.113
It also announced the appointment of Dr Moonie as the first Minister for Veterans’ Affairs.
The Initiative’s priorities included:
• co-ordinating the Government’s response to issues affecting veterans;
108 BBC, 28 August 2007, Maimed soldier ‘let down’ by Army.
110 The Nation’s Commitment: Cross-Government Support to our Armed Forces, their Families and Veterans, July 2008, Cm 7424.
111 Public hearing, 6 July 2010, pages 25-26.
112 Ministry of Defence, The Review of the Armed Forces Compensation Scheme, February 2010.
113 Standard Note SN/IA/3070, 28 June 2005, ‘Veterans Policy’.
• improving communications between veterans and the Government; and
• promoting partnership between the Government and ex-Service organisations.
156. In June 2001, the War Pensions Agency was transferred to the MOD and in April 2002 it was re-launched as the Veterans Agency, with a remit to provide financial and welfare support to all former members of the Armed Forces, their widows/widowers and dependants.
157. The Veterans Agency published the Strategy for Veterans in March 2003, to “help ensure” a coherent Government policy and a structured plan of action.114 The Strategy stated that services for veterans were increasingly delivered on a cross-Government basis, or through a partnership between Government and the private or voluntary sectors. Partnerships between Government and the voluntary sector should not detract from the Government’s responsibilities or impinge on charities’ independence.
158. The Veterans Agency published the Communications Strategy for Veterans in September 2003, in response to research commissioned by the MOD that indicated that many veterans, members of the general public, and “statutory and charitable service providers” were unaware of the services, advice and support available to veterans.115
Mental healthcare for veterans
159. The Medical Assessment Programme (MAP) was established in 1993 to examine veterans of the 1990/1991 Gulf Conflict who were concerned that their health had been adversely affected by their service.116 The majority of cases seen by the MAP were mental health related and the service evolved into a mental health assessment programme. The MAP was extended in 2003 to include Op TELIC veterans.
160. The MAP provided a thorough assessment by a physician with knowledge of veterans’ physical and mental health issues. The physician would provide a report for the referring doctor including any diagnosis made and recommendations for treatment.
161. In July 2003, King’s College London published its final report on the delivery of cross-departmental support and service to veterans.117 The study (which ran from July 2002 to March 2003) had been commissioned by the MOD to examine key areas of need not already addressed under the Veterans Initiative and the Strategy for Veterans.118
114 Veterans Agency, Strategy for Veterans, March 2003.
115 Veterans Agency, Communications Strategy for Veterans, September 2003.
116 Paper MOD, 29 June 2010, ‘Veterans Mental Health’.
117 King’s College London, July 2003, Improving the delivery of cross-departmental support and services for veterans.
162. Key findings from the study included:
• There was very little published information on the experience of UK veterans.
• For “many (indeed most)” personnel, military life was a positive experience.
• Most veterans did not develop mental health problems as a result of serving in
the Armed Forces. The minority of veterans who did, fared badly.
• There had been a decline in “civilian-military understanding”, which adversely
affected veterans’ dealings with Local Authorities and Social Services.
• Only half of veterans with mental health problems were currently seeking help.
Of those who had sought help, many were receiving anti-depressant therapies
but few were receiving specialist advice or treatment.119
Community mental health pilots
163. In 2005, following recommendations on mental health services for veterans
presented by the independent Health and Social Care Advisory Service (HASCAS),
the MOD, in collaboration with the DoH and the Devolved Administrations, launched
six community NHS mental health pilots.120 The purpose of the pilots was to provide
expert, evidence-based assessment and treatment, led by a mental health therapist
with an understanding of the issues faced by veterans, and to improve local health
professionals’ awareness and understanding of veterans and military life.
164. The first pilot, in Stafford, started in November 2007; the sixth pilot, in Edinburgh,
started in April 2009.
Priority treatment within the NHS
165. From 1953, it was Government policy that war pensioners (not all ex-Service
Personnel) should receive priority examination and treatment within the NHS for the
condition for which they received a pension or gratuity.121
166. In spring 2007, in response to a series of Parliamentary questions on the efficacy
of the arrangements underpinning that policy, the MOD tasked the Service Personnel
and Veterans Agency (SPVA) to record all complaints relating to priority access.
167. In June 2007, a junior MOD official advised Gen Dannatt that the arrangements for
ensuring priority access had several “inherent weaknesses”:
• The MOD owned the policy but was reliant on the DoH for delivery. The DoH did
not regularly remind NHS clinicians and GPs of the policy. Even when clinicians
121 Minute MOD [junior officer] to MA1/CGS, 19 June 2007, ‘War Pensioners – Priority in the NHS’.
and GPs were aware of the policy, the allocation of priority treatment was determined by a number of factors.
• The arrangement between the MOD and the DoH had never been formalised, but was rather a “gentleman’s agreement”. “Priority access” had never been defined.
• The MOD did not regularly remind war pensioners of their right to priority access.
168. The official stated that the only alternative to the current arrangement, the provision of treatment in the private sector, was unlikely to be affordable. To mitigate the weaknesses of the current arrangement, the MOD’s current level of engagement with the DoH, including at Ministerial level, should be sustained. The information that was now being collected by the SPVA would, in the future, allow better analysis and “evidence-based” action.
169. On 23 November, Mr Alan Johnson, the Health Secretary, and Mr Derek Twigg, Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for Defence and the Minister for Veterans, announced that the NHS would provide priority treatment for all veterans (not just those in receipt of war pensions), whose ill-health or injuries were attributed to their military service.122
170. Lt Gen Lillywhite told the Inquiry that the arrangement on priority access was of limited – but some – utility to veterans.123
171. In July 2008, the Government published a command paper entitled The Nation’s Commitment: Cross-Government Support to our Armed Forces, their Families and Veterans (known as the Service Personnel Command Paper).124 The paper contained a number of measures to address the disadvantages experienced by veterans, including:
• a commitment that the standard of prosthetic limbs provided to veterans by the NHS, would match or exceed the standard of limbs provided to injured personnel by the DMS;
• a commitment to raise awareness amongst healthcare professionals of the healthcare needs of veterans;
• funding for supported housing for Service leavers;
• a commitment to fund tuition fees in further and higher education for Service leavers; and
• measures to improve veterans’ access to transport and employment opportunities.
172. The Inquiry’s conclusions and lessons on the care provided to Service Personnel are set out in Section 16.4.
122 Ministry of Defence, Government boost to veterans healthcare, 23 November 2007.
123 Public hearing, 20 July 2010, page 80.
About AJ Layon
AJ Layon was, for 28 years, at the University of Florida College of Medicine, in the Division of Critical Care Medicine, in Gainesville, FL. For the approximately 10 years until September 2011, he was Professor and Chief of Critical Care Medicine at UF; In September of 2011 he became System Director and Co-Chairman of Critical Care Medicine in PA; this ended in 2017. He served as a Physician in the Surgical Group with Médecins sans Frontières (MSF, Doctors without Borders) through 2018 and is presently an intensivist in Florida, struggling through the SARS-CoV-2 crisis. While his interests are primarily related to health care, health care reform, and ethical issues, as a citizen of our United States and our world, he will occasionally opine on issues of our "time and destiny". Follow on Twitter @ajlayon
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The making of Xinjiang Han
BY Tom Cliff
Much has been much written about the exploitation and cultural repression of the Uyghur population in China’s far-west province of Xinjiang but, says TOM CLIFF, far less attention has been paid to the Han settlers.
Settlement in the urban areas of Southern Xinjiang has recently been made easier in an attempt to encourage Han immigration. Chinese central authorities insist that this policy is designed to help ‘develop’ the predominantly Uyghur area of Northwest China.
Much has been much written about the exploitation, cultural repression, and violence directed at the Uyghur population that accompanies this developmental program, and the sporadic incidents of inter-ethnic violence in response. Far less attention has been paid to the Han settlers themselves—who they are, what they want, and how they got to where they are now.
I have found that the first generation of Han migrants tended to be driven to settle the cultural and political periphery of China by the need to survive—the search for freedom from poverty, famine, or restrictive social conditions. Their children and grandchildren, however, now feel at home on the frontier. These Han see themselves as ‘old Xinjiang people’ (lao Xinjiang ren).
Xinjiang as hardship
In a dimly lit clinic in rural South Xinjiang, an old woman (pictured below) was having acupuncture while her friend waited her own turn.
‘Is it sore here?’ asked the doctor.
‘Yes,
very sore,’ she replied.
‘How about here, and here?’
‘Yes, yes, so sore … ’
‘Here?’
‘Owwww … sore!’
‘You can’t be sore everywhere,’ he said, frustrated. ‘Tell me where it is most sore.’
‘It is sore all over,’ she responded, and then her friend took over the negotiation. ‘We have had a lifetime of bitterness,’ she said.
The doctor turned away and began his standard treatment. The patient stopped complaining and the onlooker turned to me to continue her story. She told me that, when she and her friend were growing up, they were unable to go to school because their families were too poor. She migrated to settle on this bingtuan farm (military–agricultural settlement) in the late 1960s, aged 20. The high hopes she and her cohort held for non-domestic work were dashed. ‘They didn’t let us work; we had children,’ she said. At times she wished her child was dead so that she could go back to her old home in Henan. By the time their children grew up, the state was looking to take on younger workers. Consequently, as at December 2007, she did not have a pension because she had never been a formal state worker. Looking back, she said:
You see those mountains over there? One day soon after I arrived I tried to walk to the mountains, to get out of this horrible, never-ending flatness, and to find a place to cry without anybody seeing me. The mountains looked very close but they are very far away, you keep walking and walking and they never get any closer. This made me want to cry even more, it seems like my whole life has been like that.
Xinjiang as opportunity
Mr Ren, who grew up on a bingtuan farm near to Shihezi, in North Xinjiang, told me that his mother came out to Xinjiang in 1960 to escape the nationwide famine induced by the policies of the Great Leap Forward. She came from the neighbouring province of Gansu, which, in addition to having bad soil, an extreme climate and a severe lack of water, was known for holding strongly to traditional Chinese and patriarchal values.
Ren’s mother was a true survivor. Soon after birth, she had been literally thrown out the door by her enraged father, who only wanted a son. ‘Luckily, it was icy outside, so she was not killed by the fall,’ Mr Ren said. ‘She slid across the ground.’ The neighbours retrieved her, but could not afford to raise her themselves, so she was passed on to a local landlord family to be raised as a child bride. They had mistreated her, and she had escaped by marrying a much older man whose first wife had died.
She bore three children to her first husband, the youngest of which was less than two years old in 1960, when the old man died during the height of the famine. With no male support and three dependent children, her older brother arranged for her to marry his neighbour on the bingtuan farm near Shihezi. The prospective groom had, like her brother, been conscripted into the Nationalist army during the Civil War.
She was to leave all her children with her dead husband’s family in Gansu but, just as she got on the train, she made the impulsive decision to take all three of them with her to Xinjiang. ‘If we are going to die,’ she reportedly said, ‘we will die together, as a family.’
Her stepdaughter,aged 17 at the time, was in love with a boy whom the former (now dead) husband’s family would not permit the girl to marry. The young lovers, along with a male cousin, also jumped on the Xinjiang-bound train at the last minute, and they all settled down on the same bingtuan farm.
Ren’s mother (seated left) with her full second family in Shihezi, early 1980s (© Huang Dairong).
The entire group of seven people were refugees—fleeing both the acute shortage of food and the restrictive social conditions of the Chinese ountryside. Bingtuan life was hard. Mr Ren’s father died soon after retirement, at the age of 60. Ren quoted a bingtuan saying: ‘If you give your youth, you give your whole life; if you give your whole life, you give your sons and grandsons.’ For bingtuan people, this line is extremely representative.
Nevertheless, Han areas of Xinjiang did not suffer as much as central and eastern China from the Great Leap Forward, the subsequent famine, or the Cultural Revolution. The influx of famine refugees, like Ren’s mother, from central China to bingtuan areas in the early 1960s was a direct result of bingtuan leader Wang Enmao’s conservative policies during the Great Leap Forward. These policies helped to ensure the survival of the bingtuan’s agricultural economy.
Furthermore, Xinjiang was allocated a quota for high-school graduates to study in eastern Chinese universities. ‘Otherwise,’ said Ren’s wife Jing, ‘we would probably not have been able to go to university.’ For Ren’s family, Xinjiang was a place of opportunity.
On graduation from university in 1988, Ren and his classmates chose from among the work units seeking graduate employees, with highest-scoring students choosing first. The only place less popular than Xinjiang as a work placement destination was Qinghai. In an unsuccessful attempt to help a low-scoring mate, Ren was allocated a position in his mate’s central Chinese hometown. But he refused to go there. He also realised that looking for work independently was unfeasible: to punish him for disobedience, the school would withhold his all-important dossier:
Getting any job without documentation would be too difficult. I knew that I could only choose to go to Xinjiang. I told the school: ‘Apart from Xinjiang, I’m not going anywhere!…’ I come from Xinjiang and I know what it is like here, so I was willing to come back.
The making of ‘old Xinjiang people’
In terms of the state developmental project in Xinjiang, one point to note about the comparison of these stories is the second generation’s strong conviction that they belong in Xinjiang. They are Xinjiang people by virtue of the fact that they were born and raised in Xinjiang, and, in developing themselves in Xinjiang, they also developed Xinjiang.
Here the assumptions of the state discourse come through loud and clear. In 1985, Wang Enmao (by then Secretary of the Xinjiang Communist Party Committee) called on the newly mobile and aspirant population of China to support Xinjiang by migrating to and settling the region. ‘Xinjiang is a place where constructors engaged in opening-up can make the best of themselves,’he said.
If they originally came from somewhere else, they now have nowhere to go back to.
In this schema, their own social mobility is a reward for the contribution that they and their forebears have made in settling and civilising Xinjiang. After musing about where he would be if his mother was not a refugee and his father was not a conscript, Mr Ren said: ‘In fact, I love Xinjiang. I really love Xinjiang.’
This is what I call the affective base of Han occupation in Xinjiang. It exists despite, and also directly because of, these people’s forebears’ originally reluctant or even coercive resettlement in Xinjiang. If they originally came from somewhere else, they now have nowhere to go back to. They are neither politically nor economically powerful, but the very fact that Xinjiang is the object of their strongest connection to place lends this group a collective significance. One of the most resilient and transformative outcomes of the state developmental project in Xinjiang is ordinary people living ordinary lives, far away from their parents’ birthplace.
Time and empire
The first 60-plus years of Communist rule in Xinjiang, during which time the permanent Han population has risen from 4 per cent to over 40 per cent, would seem to support the confident—some might say arrogant—beliefs of Lord Alfred Milner, a British colonial administrator in the late 19th and early 20th century, and an ideologically-committed imperialist:
Time fights on the side of Imperialism, but the question has always been whether enough time would be accorded to us. The duty of Imperialists in my day has been to hold the fort during the long indispensable process of education …
As Milner implied, time is a fickle spouse. All empires must fall. The important point is that they always leave behind physical, cultural, and demographic imprints. As Uyghurs are violently ‘educated’ to be civilised, and new Han migrants make their way apprehensively to the backward frontier, many Han in Xinjiang today can imagine no other home.
The woman in the clinic, South Xinjiang, 2007. Photo © Tom Cliff.
About Tom Cliff
Dr Tom Cliff is a postdoctoral fellow, College of Asia and the Pacific, at the Australian National University, and the runner-up in the ASAA’s 2014 Thesis Prize. His book, ‘Oil and Water, Examining the Experience of Han Migrants and Their Offspring in Contemporary Xinjiang’ is due out in April 2016.
China settlement policy in Xinjiang, Han settlement in Xinjiang, Uyghurs, Xinjiang
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Nick Visser
President Donald Trump has discussed pardoning three of his children and his personal attorney Rudy Giuliani before he leaves office and before any of them have been charged with potential crimes, according to several reports on Tuesday evening.
ABC News and The New York Times both reported that Trump has discussed the pre-emptive pardons with advisers, expressing fear that his successor, President-elect Joe Biden, would unjustly target them when he assumes office in January. The pardons could benefit Donald Trump Jr., Eric Trump and Ivanka Trump, as well as Ivanka’s husband, Jared Kushner. Ivanka Trump and Kushner have also served as White House advisers in the Trump administration.
Trump has begun to issue pardons and has granted clemency to former aides and longtime supporters. Last month, he pardoned former national security adviser Michael Flynn, who twice pleaded guilty to lying to the FBI about his contacts with a Russian official during the transition before Trump took office in 2017.
None of the five has been charged with a crime, and it’s unclear what impropriety a pardon would seek to guard against. Presidential pardons provide protections against federal crimes, but they do not protect against state or local ones. Pardons are traditionally sought by applications to a federal pardon attorney at least five years after a conviction or release from prison.
Trump’s older children have run afoul of federal investigators multiple times during his tenure in the White House. Donald Trump Jr. faced scrutiny over his contacts with Russian officials during the 2016 campaign as part of special counsel Robert Mueller’s investigation, although he was not charged. Kushner also drew attention when he omitted foreign contacts from his application for White House security clearances. Intelligence officials raised concerns about granting Kushner with the access, but Trump intervened to unilaterally grant the top-secret clearance.
Giuliani, one of...
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CANADA FX DEBT-Canadian dollar drops, posts weekly decline on greenback short-covering
The Canadian dollar was trading 0.8% lower at 1.2732 to the greenback, or 78.54 U.S. cents, pulling back from a near three-year high on Thursday at 1.2621. "It's a move in line with what we have seen in other currencies ... So it's not the Canadian dollar on its own." Higher U.S. Treasury yields in anticipation of additional fiscal spending, have been supportive of the greenback since earlier this month.
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Cessna 150F
Location: NE of Garberville Airport (O16), Garberville, CA - United States of America
Departure airport: Garberville Airport, CA (O16)
Destination airport: Garberville Airport, CA (O16)
On May 26, 2019, about 1430 Pacific daylight time, a Cessna 150F, N8746S, collided with a tree while on approach to the Garberville Airport, California. The private pilot, the sole occupant, was seriously injured; the airplane sustained substantial damage. The airplane was registered to and operated by the pilot under the provisions of 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91. The personal flight originated from Garberville Airport, Garberville, California about 1415. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed, and no flight plan had been filed.
The purpose of the flight was for the pilot to perform touch-and-go practice takeoffs and landings. The pilot completed one landing and was departing from runway 36. After reaching about 200 feet above ground level (agl), the engine experienced a loss of power. The pilot banked the airplane to the east (right) in an attempt to make an emergency landing on the river gravel/sandbar. The airplane impacted a tree and descended through the tree canopy. The pilot climbed out of the wreckage under his own power and hiked to the road.
https://www.northcoastjournal.com/NewsBlog/archives/2019/05/28/pilot-walks-away-from-garberville-plane-crash
https://www.google.com/maps/place/1800+Sprowl+Creek+Rd,+Garberville,+CA+95542/@40.0904392,-123.8072354,16z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x54d4eb607d7a8079:0x57408911086b86?hl=en-us&gl=us
https://app.ntsb.gov/pdfgenerator/ReportGeneratorFile.ashx?EventID=20190527X21346&AKey=1&RType=HTML&IType=LA
28-May-2019 23:22 Geno Added
28-May-2019 23:49 RobertMB Updated [Aircraft type]
17-Sep-2019 07:49 harro Updated [Time, Aircraft type, Registration, Cn, Operator, Phase, Source, Narrative]
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United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (UN Women is one of the UN agencies working in Iraq. The UN-Women was established by General Assembly resolution 64/289 on system-wide coherence, with a mandate to assist Member States and the United Nations system to progress more effectively and efficiently towards the goal of achieving gender equality and the empowerment of women.
The gender gap in Iraq is widening with incidents of gender-based violence and limited participation of women and girls in significant fields. With the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) ending in 2015 and with the onset of Post-2015 Development Agenda, Iraq will only meet its development targets when women and girls are fully integrated into development plans and targets. The Government of Iraq reiterated its commitment to achieve the targets through development of the United Nations Development Assistance Framework (UNDAF), 2015-2019 and also declared its commitment to promote more women at the leadership positions.
UN Women works with Government and other partners on enhancing women’s political participation and leadership, supporting women economic empowerment, and putting an end to all forms of violence against women towards promoting women’s rights and sustainable peace in Iraq. UN Women is also Chair of the UN Gender Task Force (GTF) and provides technical support to UN Country Team through GTF in mainstreaming gender.
Some of the key areas of support by UN Women include:
Leadership and Political Participation: The Iraqi political scene has witnessed since 2013 a number of changes at the national and regional levels. UN Women role has always been there through observing the elections process from a gender perspective and making interventions to support women leadership and enhance their political participation. Efforts have also been extended to the post-election period through setting up projects aiming at enhancing the technical capacities of the newly elected women and also to develop interest of young females in leadership and political participation through “Emerging Female Youth Leaders project implemented in cooperation with the Iraqi Council of Representatives.
Economic Empowerment of Women: UN Women considers economic empowerment of women as key to addressing violence against women and promoting gender equality. In this context, it works with the national and provincial governments on developing related legislative and policy frameworks. Aiming at enhancing the capacities of rural women in Kurdistan Region, UN Women in collaboration with UN sister agencies and the Provincial government has established a program entitled Socio-economic empowerment of rural women in Kurdistan Region
Ending violence against women and girls: UN Women collaborated and extended support to Government and CSOs and advocated for legislative reform and adoption of policies nationwide. Standardizing the draft law on protection from domestic violence in accordance with the international principles and lunching the campaign on Ending Female Genital Mutilation in Kurdistan Region are some of the areas that UN Women jointly with sister agencies have dealt with.
Women, Peace and Security: participation of women and the inclusion of gender perspectives in peace negotiations and humanitarian planning is essential to ensure that peace agreements are not narrow, are supported and sustained by nation as a whole. Iraq is the first country in the Arab region to develop a National Action Plan on SCR 1325. In this context, UN Women is also working closely with the Government of Iraq, UNAMI, and CSOs on encouraging greater participation of women in the field of peace and security in line with Iraq’s commitments under UN SCR 1325.
Governance and National Planning: In pursuit of its mandate to mainstream gender-responsive approaches into the country’s strategies and policies, UN Women has been advocating and supporting government in introducing Gender Responsive Budgeting into the country wide budgetary system. A series of trainings have been organized for officials in Baghdad and Kurdistan Region. The program is also expanded to include governorates of Najaf, Basra and Salah Al-Deen.
The year 2014 witnessed the discussion of Iraq’s report to CEDAW. UN Women has extended its technical support to the Follow up Committee that was established in October, 2014 and will continue technical support in implementation of recommendations and preparation for submission of progress report in 2016.
Humanitarian Action: In response to the appalling humanitarian crisis in Iraq, which has made millions to flee their homes, mostly women and children, UN Women and sister agencies joined to assist the Syrian refugees and internally displaced women with a focus on women headed families through setting up income generation projects in the north and central of Iraq.
UN Women renews its commitment and stands ready to support Government of Iraq, CSOs, UN and other partners in Iraq on accelerating efforts to promote gender equality and women’s empowerment, emphasized, Dr Sadiq Syed, Representative, UN Women Iraq County Office.
Sustainable Development for All-Kenya: Promoting sustainable practices and women’s economic empowerment in rural Kenya
Mahila Sahayatra Microfinance: Bringing together microfinance and women entrepreneurs in Nepal
Dr. Kalpana Sankar: Empowering women entrepreneurs in India
UN Women announces new cohort of youth advocates
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Start Over You searched for: Subject Women authors -- 20th century ✖Remove constraint Subject: Women authors -- 20th century Subject Feminism -- United States ✖Remove constraint Subject: Feminism -- United States Subject Political activists -- United States ✖Remove constraint Subject: Political activists -- United States Collection Alix Kates Shulman papers, 1892-2014, bulk 1968-2014 ✖Remove constraint Collection: Alix Kates Shulman papers, 1892-2014, bulk 1968-2014
Alix Kates Shulman papers, 1892-2014, bulk 1968-2014 39.5 Linear Feet — 29,625 Items
online icon Bookmark: Alix Kates Shulman papers, 1892-2014, bulk 1968-2014
Prominent feminist, author, and political activist in the 1960s and 70s. Author of MEMOIRS OF AN EX-PROM QUEEN (1972), ON THE STROLL (1980), and DRINKING THE RAIN (1995). The materials in the Alix Kates Shulman Papers span the dates 1892 to 2000, with the bulk of materials dating from 1968 to 2000. These materials include: manuscripts, notes, clippings, published books, correspondence, photographs, audio and videotapes, microfilm, address and date books, family and business records. The primary focus of the collection is Shulman's writing and literary career. The secondary focus is the women's liberation and feminist movements, in which Shulman was and continues to be very active (from 1968 to 2000). However, feminism and feminist activism are inextricably intertwined with Shulman's writing career, and her 1972 novel MEMOIRS OF AN EX-PROM QUEEN is regarded by many as the first novel to "come out of" the women's liberation movement of the late 1960s and early 1970s.
The materials in the Alix Kates Shulman Papers span the dates 1892 to 2000, with the bulk of materials dating from 1968 to 2000. These materials include: manuscripts, notes, clippings, published books, correspondence, photographs, audio and videotapes, microfilm, address and date books, family and business records. The primary focus of the collection is Shulman's writing and literary career. The secondary focus is the women's liberation and feminist movements, in which Shulman was and continues to be very active (from 1968 to the present). However, feminism and feminist activism are inextricably intertwined with Shulman's writing career, and her 1972 novel Memoirs of an Ex-Prom Queen is regarded by many as the first novel to "come out of" the women's liberation movement of the late 1960s and early 1970s.
Other topics covered by the collection include: her teaching and other academic work; her public speaking and conference activities; and her involvement in political activities besides feminism. This collection sheds valuable light on the concerns and tensions within the women's liberation and second-wave feminist movements. In particular, the materials document debates and disagreements among those active in the movement with regard to sexuality, marriage and domestic relations, women's financial situation and careers, health care, civil rights and cultural expression. Many of these issues are raised in Shulman's own work, including her novels, essays, short fiction, personal letters and her teaching materials.
The collection is divided into seven series. The Personal Papers Series contains Shulman's family history papers, photographs, biographical papers, and her personal correspondence (with writers, academics, political activists and family members). Notable correspondents include Ros Baxandall, Jay Bolotin, Kay Boyle, Rita Mae Brown, Phyllis Chesler, Judy Chicago, Andrea Dworkin, Candace Falk, Marilyn French, Lori Ginzberg, Hannah Green, Erica Jong, Kate Millett, Honor Moore, Robin Morgan, Tillie Olson, Lillian Rubin, Sue Standing, and Meredith Tax. The Political Work Series contains material relating to Shulman's involvement with feminist and other liberal political groups, including Redstockings, New York Radical Women, the PEN Women's Committee, No More Nice Girls, the Women's Action Coalition, and Women Against Government Surveillance
The Literary Work Series contains a variety of materials relating to Shulman's literary career, including financial and other dealings with publishing houses, notes and research, photocopies of publications, reviews of her work, articles and notes she collected regarding the literary scene, and original manuscripts. This series contains information about her early children's books; several books she edited of Emma Goldman's writings; her essays and short fiction; her novels Memoirs of an Ex-Prom Queen (1972), Burning Questions (1975), On the Stroll (1977), In Every Woman's Life . . . (1980); and her memoirs Drinking the Rain (1995) and A Good Enough Daughter (1999). A small amount of correspondence regarding book reviews of other authors' work is also included.
The Academic Work Series contains materials relating to Shulman's graduate work at NYU; her teaching at Yale, the University of Colorado at Boulder, NYU, and the University of Hawaii at Manoa; as well as her relationships with her students. The Public Speaking Series contains materials relating to Shulman's participation in literary and political conferences and gatherings, personal interviews, lectures and book talks.
Portions of the Restricted Materials Series either may not be photocopied without prior permission of Ms. Shulman or the relevant author, or may not be accessed until a future date. The same organizational categories have been applied to the restricted materials as were used in the unrestricted materials to help researchers easily access overlapping and related materials that have been boxed separately due to the restrictions. The Oversize Materials Series contains miscellaneous oversize materials of a biographical and literary nature.
Acquired as part of the Sallie Bingham Center for Women's History and Culture.
Alix Kates Shulman papers, 1892-2014, bulk 1968-2014✖[remove]1
Shulman, Alix Kates1
Feminism -- United States✖[remove]1
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Feminism and literature -- United States1
Feminists -- United States -- Correspondence1
Political activists -- United States✖[remove]1
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– Fort Bragg –
– Home of the 9th Infantry Division –
History of Fort Bragg:
Fort Bragg is a major United States Army installation Base in Cumberland and Hoke counties, North Carolina, situated mostly in Fayetteville but also partly in the town of Spring Lake. It covers over 251 square miles (650km2) in four counties. Camp Bragg was established in 1918 as an Artillery training ground. The aim was for six Artillery Brigades to be stationed there and $6,000,000 was spent on the land and cantonment. There was an airfield on the camp used by aircraft and balloons for Artillery spotters which was named Pope Field on April 1st, 1919, in honor of First Lieutenant H. Pope, an airman who was killed while flying nearby. The work on the camp was finished on November 1st, 1919. It was named to honor the native North Carolinian, General Braxton Bragg, who commanded Confederate States Army forces in the Civil War.
Review of the 9th Infantry Division, 1st Anniversary, Fort Bragg, N.C.
The Artillery men, their equipment and material from Camp McCellan, Alabama were moved over to Fort Bragg and testing began on long range weapons that were a product of the war. The six Artillery Brigades were reduced to two containments and a garrison was to be built for Army troops as well as a National Guard training center. In early 1921 two Field Artillery units, the 13th and 17th Field Artillery Brigades began training at Camp Bragg.
Fort Bragg Artillery
Due to the post war cutbacks the camp was nearly closed for good when the War department issued orders to close the camp on August 7, 1921. General Albert J. Bowley was commander at the camp and after much campaigning, and getting the Secretary of War to visit the camp, the closing order was cancelled on September 16, 1921. The Field Artillery Board was transferred to Fort Bragg on February 1, 1922. Camp Bragg was renamed Fort Bragg to signify becoming a permanent Army post on September 30th, 1922. From 1923 to 1924 permanent structures were constructed on Fort Bragg, including four barracks which still stand today. By 1940 the population of Fort Bragg had reached 5,400; However, in the following year that number ballooned at 67,000. Various units trained at Fort Bragg during World War II, including the 9th Infantry Division and various Field Artillery groups. The population reached a peak of 159,000 during the war years.
60th Infantry Regiment sign at Fort Bragg 1941
Amphibious training of 9th Infantry Division men at Fort Bragg in 1942
Fort Bragg is still in use today, mainly occupied by Airborne and Special Forces.
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Maksim Chmerkovskiy has trespass scare at Hollywood Hills home
Maksim Chmerkovskiy arrives at the 67th Primetime Emmy Awards on Sunday, Sept. 20, 2015, at the Microsoft Theater in Los Angeles. (Photo by Dan Steinberg/Invision for the Television Academy/AP Images)
HOLLYWOOD HILLS, LOS ANGELES (KABC) -- "Dancing with the Stars" pro Maksim Chmerkovskiy experienced some scary moments Tuesday morning after he called police about someone trespassing on his Hollywood Hills property.
Los Angeles police said the dancer called 911 after a suspect trespassed on his property around 2 a.m.
Chmerkovskiy was home with Peta Murgatroyd and their new baby.
Police were able to locate that suspect, who they said was trespassing. According to Los Angeles police, after the man was detained and questioned, investigators determined no crime had been committed. The man was released.
Officials said the man previously owned the Hollywood Hills property but does not own it currently.
Chmerkovskiy's celebrity dancing partner Heather Morris appeared on "Good Morning America" Tuesday and said everyone is OK.
Meantime, Chmerkovskiy and Morris were the latest couple to say goodbye on the show.
The received the first perfect score of the season Monday night. Then, half an hour later, they were eliminated from the competition.
MORE: Men vs. women, and a surprising elimination on "Dancing with the Stars"
arts & entertainmenthollywood hillslos angelescelebritydancedancing with the starstrespassingballroom dancing
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Giant Ed Sheeran statue pops up in Moscow park
A giant statue of Ed Sheeran has appeared in a park in Moscow ahead of his concert in the Russian capital.
The sculpture, which depicts the 89.7 Bay favourite lounging on his side in sunglasses, a white shirt and a pair of red shorts.
The giant tribute shows the singer lying down as he rests his head on his right hand, with his shirt and socks decorated with a variety of graffiti.
The statue is believed to have been installed as a promotional tool as part of a collaboration between Yandex Music and Warner Music Russia.
Fans of the Thinking Out Loud singer have taken to social media to share their snaps as they pose alongside the giant statue.
Some have also drawn on Ed’s shirt and skin, adding their own tattoo designs and song lyrics.
One said: ‘Have you seen the Ed Sheeran statue from Russia? It’s is amazing.’
Another wrote: ‘This 5-metre statue of Ed Sheeran in his socks at Moscow’s Gorky Park really is what dreams are made of.
‘Has any other country done this to celebrate an Ed Sheeran concert?’
Ed is due to perform at the home ground of Spartak Moscow on Friday 19 July.
He released his fourth album ‘No. 6 Collaborations Project’ last week.
89.7 Bay news, all the hits, bay entertainment, ed sheeran, hit music station, moscow, music news, russia
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Farnham, NY
Best Events Near You in Farnham, New York
Woodlawn Beach Snowshoe
Saturday, Jan 30, 2021 from 10:00am to 12:00pm
Woodlawn Beach State Park
Blasdell, NY
Chai Flicks Films And Tuesday Talkback Series - The Testament
Buffalo International Jewish Film Festival
Chai Flicks Films And Tuesday Talkback Series - The Rape Of Europa
Farnham Top Searches
Chai Flicks Films And Tuesday Talkback Series - Once in a Lifetime
Tuesday, Feb 16, 2021 at 7:00pm
Chai Flicks Films And Tuesday Talkback Series - Fanny’s Journey
Buffalo Home Show
Friday, Mar 5, 2021 from 10:00am to 9:00pm
Buffalo Niagara Convention Center
Friday, Mar 5, 2021 at 7:30pm
Kavinoky Theatre
Saturday, Mar 6, 2021 from 10:00am to 9:00pm
Saturday, Mar 6, 2021 at 3:30pm
Sunday, Mar 7, 2021 from 10:00am to 6:00pm
Sunday, Mar 7, 2021 at 2:00pm
Western New York Sport And Travel Expo
Thursday, Mar 11, 2021 from 12:00pm to 8:00pm
Thursday, Mar 11, 2021 at 7:30pm
Friday, Mar 12, 2021 from 10:00am to 9:00pm
Friday, Mar 12, 2021 from 12:00pm to 8:00pm
Friday, Mar 12, 2021 at 7:30pm
Powerglove, Immortal Guardian and more
Saturday, Mar 13, 2021
Mohawk Place
Saturday, Mar 13, 2021 from 10:00am to 8:00pm
Angola Skate Park
Weather permitting opens mid to late April Closes anytime between October and November(weather dependent) Open to anyone seven years of age and...
Eden Corn Festival
Legion Drive
In 1959, the Eden Chamber of Commerce discussed the idea of holding an annual festival to promote the town. The resulting Garden Festival was held ...
Chautauqua County Fair
The fair combines farming, food, and fun. Don't miss out on this event for all ages!
Featured Yelp Deals for Farnham!
Michael C. Rockefeller Arts Center
Mission: As an administrative unit of the College at Fredonia, the mission of Rockefeller Arts Center is to encourage, facilitate, sponsor and prom...
Tifft Nature Preserve
1200 Fuhrmann Boulevard
About Us:Tifft Nature Preserve is a 264-acre nature refuge dedicated to conservation and environmental education. The Preserve was created in 1972 ...
Galbani Buffalo Italian Heritage Festival
225 Fuhrmann Boulevard
1 Bills Dr.
Founded in 1959, the Buffalo Bills are one of the most storied franchises in the National Football League (NFL). The Bills have won two American Fo...
Buffalo and Erie County Botanical Gardens
Vision Statement:We are moving toward a future where the lives of people of all ages are enriched by living plants of all kinds, and they are commi...
Buffalo and Erie County Naval and Military Park
One Naval Park Cove
HISTORY The Buffalo & Erie County Naval & Military Park is a 501(c) (3) corporation and was formed and incorporated as an educationa...
Shea's Performing Arts Center
Shea's Mission: To restore and maintain Shea's Buffalo Theatre for present and future generations to enjoy as a working, historic theatre providin...
Alleyway Theatre
1 Curtain Up Alley
Alleyway Theatre is one of only a handful of companies nationwide dedicated to the development and production of new plays and musicals. During our...
50 Allen Street
Allentown's gallery walk, known as "First Fridays", has grown into one of the most popular monthly events in the city of Buffalo.
Beaver Island State Park
2136 West Oakfield Road
About Us:Beaver Island State Park is located at the south end of Grand Island in the upper Niagara River. The 950 acre park has a half-mile sandy b...
Buffalo Museum Of Science
1020 Humboldt Parkway
Mission Statement: Inspiring curiosity through exploration.Vision: The Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences aspires to create a better world by help...
Mission: The mission of the Albright-Knox Art Gallery is to enhance the understanding and appreciation of contemporary and modern art, principally ...
Xtreme Wheels Indoor Skate Park
356 Hertel Avenue
Welcome to Xtreme Wheels Indoor Skate Park. We are the only full-service indoor xtreme entertainment facility in WNY, featuring roller blading, s...
World of Wheels Skate Park
10385 Route 219
Frank Lloyd Wright's Martin House Complex
125 Jewett Parkway
Mission Statement:Frank Lloyd Wright's Darwin Martin House Complex preserves, interprets and promotes a world class, master-piece built for Wright'...
Buffalo Zoo
300 Parkside Avenue
The Buffalo Zoological Gardens is the third oldest institution of its kind in the United States. The Zoo's mission is to provide the general public...
Grinders Skate Park
2088 Grand Island Boulevard
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Is There No Place In The Squad For This Manchester United Star, Will He Stay And Fight For A Spot?
According to the latest reports, Premier League club Manchester United are prepared to sell Antonio Valencia in this January transfer window itself with Serie A club Inter Milan being favorites to sign the out of favor right back. Although Valencia’s contract expires in the summer of 2019, Manchester United would prefer to sell the club captain this window itself in order to generate some revenue from his sale rather than allow him to leave on a free deal in the summer transfer window.
Manchester United seem to have hit a bit of a purple patch at the moment after they dismissed Portuguese boss Jose Mourinho in December following a humiliating 3-1 loss to arch-rivals Liverpool at Anfield.
With Mourinho sacked, Manchester United was tipped to be in a shambolic situation heading into the New Year, but temporary manager until the end of the season Ole Gunnar Solskjaer has ensured that collapse does not take place at Old Trafford. He has brought back new life into this side, though that would not always be the best news for some of these stars.
Since Ole has been at the helm, Manchester United have won their six games out of six including progressing to the FA Cup after beating Reading. United have scored 17 goals in the process and even overcame title contenders Tottenham Hotspur in their most recent Premier League encounter. A 1-0 win over Spurs meant at Wembley could arguably mean that Solskjaer may have put to bed the rumors that Mauricio Pochettino could be the man to take over at Manchester United in the summer.
Despite all the recent positives at Manchester United at the moment, most of the fans aren’t happy with a few players at the club and of them is Antonio Valencia. The 33-year-old was considered to be a superb signing when he first arrived at the club back in 2009 from Wigan Athletic and was an integral part of the United squad under Sir Alex Ferguson. Completing nearly a decade with United, Valencia has won two Premier League titles, one FA Cup, two League Cup’s, one Europa League and three FA Community Shields.
Time at Old Trafford seems to be coming to an end for Valencia who has deteriorated immensely over the past few years and has lost that flair and touch that he once showed in his younger days. His pacey runs down the flanks are seldom seen as he became a makeshift right back from a right wingers position.
Although Valencia is set to depart Manchester United, Italian club Serie A are keen on his signature in the winter transfer window itself. United do have the option to extend Valencia’s contract for another 12 months but it does not seem likely considering the lack of game-time that he is receiving at the moment.
The Ecuadorian international may leave in January but Ole Gunnar Solskjaer is not willing to weaken his squad before the end of the season in the hope to achieve Champions League football. Inter though may sign Valencia in the summer transfer window if they do not get their target this winter.
Previous articleOpinion: Three Players That Chelsea Badly Need To Sign In January
Next articleChelsea Boss Maurizio Sarri Has Some Harsh Words For Top European Club
Who Will Have A Better Season: Manchester United Or Chelsea, As...
Manchester United Star’s Future In Doubts, Despite Mourinho Exit
Manchester United Star Makes Claim About Former Liverpool Man, Red Devils’...
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God is knowledge
THE GOOD NEWS MISSION
What does 70 year of Israel mean?
I accepted Jesus, what now?
Coming of Christ
Is the Rapture of Christ soon?
Israel and the Bible
Praying is
Giving of tithe
Era in OT
Statutes EZBB
Bible study of Revelation 2-10
2-3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11-19
Revelation 2 and 3: The seven churches
Ephesus Smyrna Pergamum Thyatira Sardes Philadelphia Laodicea
Introduction of Revelation
The time of the end in Revelation 4 thru 19, gives a description of the time after the first Coming of Christ and the Church (those reborn) was taken away from earth. The laggards (those remaining on earth) were those, who had not accepted Jesus Christ as their personal Saviour and all gentiles and disbelievers.
For an impression, see the video "A thief in the Night". Unfortunately the quality of this video is poor, since it is approx. 25 years old. Those, who remained behind, were forced by the earthly powers to choose between accepting and rejecting God, so much for the earthly powers and Satan. The time that started after the first Coming of Christ was not easy for those who accepted God (they were persecuted by the earthly powers and Satan). The Holy Spirit who dwelt in believers was also removed from earth and consequently Satan and his followers had complete freedom. As for the ones who opted against God, they experienced the wrath of God (which is more severe).
To the apostle John, God revealed what will happen during that time. Since it was a revelation from God and a promise from him in the Bible, we can be sure that these revelations will happen. Some things may seem dubious, still we should not doubt it. Before creation, strange creatures such as dinosaurs lived.
Since the Coming of Christ comes closer some things are more easily explained, than in the time of John. John has described these things with his knowledge and imagination some of which I shall try to translate to the present state of knowledge and science. Thereby it is not my wish to change things myself in any way but just give a true interpretation. Only those who stay behind and who shall live in that terrible period will experience what is described in the Bible.
It IS a serious warning to those who have not yet accepted the Lord Jesus Christ as their Saviour, as to what they can expect when they stay behind on earth.
For a detailed study of these letters (Revelation), see A Commentary on the Revelations of John by George Eldon Ladd (ISBN 0-8028-3405-1).
Spiritual Life - Letters to the seven churches
The seven letters to the 7 churches are literally addressed to the seven churches. John (apostle who has written and sent this letters, inspired by the Holy Spirit). Since these letters are in the Bible, we cannot say that these letters are only meant for those seven churches in the ancient times, to some cities which nowadays no longer exists.
In some Biblical comments, you see an explanation that each church represents a church (orthodox, Roman Catholic, etc.). But why should we? Why not implicate it upon our phases in the Christian life? During the life of a Christian arises all kinds of situations, time over time the Christian relaxes. I think that yearly we need to test ourselves against these letters, in order to examine our (your) position.
Ephesus (Revelation 2:1-7)
To the angel of the church in Ephesus write: The words of him who holds the seven stars in his right hand, who walks among the seven golden lampstands. 'I know your works, your toil and your patient endurance, and how you cannot bear evil men but have tested those who call themselves apostles but are not, and found them to be false; I know you are enduring patiently and bearing up for my name's sake, and you have not grown weary.
But I have this against you, that you have abandoned the love you had at first. Remember then from what you have fallen, repent and do the works you did at first. If not, I will come to you and remove your lamp stand from its place, unless you repent. Yet this you have, you hate the works of the Nicolaitans, which I also hate.
He who has an ear, let him hear what the Spirit says to the churches.
To him who conquers I will grant to eat of the tree of life, which is in the paradise of God.
Impression of the temple of Artemis and the god Artemis
Ephesus was a foremost city of Asia and the home of the most important church in the province. Ephesus was the most important seaport of Asia Minor and was also a religious center. It was the home of the Mother Goddess who identified by the Greeks with Artemis. To this goddess, a huge temple was dedicated which was known as one of the wonders of the ancient world. This temple became the site of the worship of the goddess Roma and of the Roman emperor. Ephesus was well known for its superstitious practices and throughout the world for the magical arts.
The apostle Paul had proclaimed the gospel for two years in Ephesus. After Paul's death, John continued the work.
First there are the words of praise: I know your works, your toil and your patient endurance ....
In Ephesus there were many false prophets, who presented themselves as apostles, who in fact proclaim a false teaching. John praised the Christian community for their persistence to revoke these false teachers and prophets and to show no tolerances for their false teachings. Unfortunately this caused that they abandoned their first love.
John reminds the church to the fact that they too were pulled from paganism and adored idols, before they had become to accept Jesus Christ as their Saviour.
It is often difficult, to keep a person straight (to rebuke a person for his/her false teaching, ways of living) and at the same time to love the person as human being. But reprimanding does not exclude love.
Nowadays, for the Christians it means persistence in the Bible teaching, and not to become overwhelmed by the liberal churches, Mormons, free masons, etc. Who in their teaching renounced the salvation through Jesus Christ and proclaim it is mystic, something what you need to interpret as spiritually and not as a historical fact, what really happened. The Christian must hang unto the Bible, and rebuke and warn against these false teachings and false meditations (like yoga). But this has to happen with love, the believer was not cast off the false teacher as human being (you can deny the entrance to the church, so that he/she cannot proclaim the false teaching inside the church). With patience and love, the believer must guided the false teacher back to the true Biblical teaching.
Also for the believer himself there is the ruling to maintain the Biblical teaching. Often you hear: "O, but those rules were for the ancient times. You must not take those rules literally, but spiritual." When we take Jesus Christ death and resurrection not literally, then you cannot take eternal life in Heaven literally, and why then believe (in a life after death)? Then praying has also no use, because all is spiritually.
LESSON:
Maintain your neighbourly love, but also maintain rebuking false teaching.
Smyrna (Revelation 2:8-11)
And to the angel of the church in Smyrna write:
'The words of the first and the last, who died and came to life. 'I know your tribulation and your poverty (but you are rich) and the slander of those who say that they are Jews and are not, but are a synagogue of Satan. Do not fear what you are about to suffer. Behold, the devil is about to throw some of you into prison, that you may be tested, and for ten days you will have tribulation. Be faithful unto death, and I will give you the crown of life
He who conquers shall not be hurt by the second death'.
Smyrna too was a prosperous seaport. Its wealth and prosperity led it to contend with Ephesus. Smyrna had supported Rome long before she had become a world power, and as early as 195 B.C. had erected a temple of the goddess of Rome. In 26 B.C. she secured the privilege to build a temple to the Emperor Tiberius. This fact enhanced her claim to be the first city of Asia.
The city contained a substantial colony of Jews who were aggressively hostile to Christianity and who exercised considerable influence with the civil authorities. At a certain period, the Jews joined the gentiles to form a mob and to call for the death of the bishop of the church. They actively assisted in his martyrdom by burning and prevented the Christians from getting possession of his body.
Apparently tribulation and poverty are linked together, and we may assume that the poverty of the Smyrneans was not due alone to their normal economic condition. But to confiscation of property, looting by hostile mobs, and to the difficulty of earning a living in a hostile environment.
This Christian community suffered severely of the persecution, which involved the plundering of their property (Hebrew 10:34). However, they were rich because they had accepted the Lord Jesus Christ as their Saviour. Despite they suffered persecution and martyrdom and possible death through the Jews, they had not to fear death, because they could await their place in Heaven.
These "Jews" are without question Jews by race and religion, but in reality, inwardly, they were not Jews, because they had rejected Jesus as their Messiah, and became a synagogue of Satan.
Also sometimes Christians have to endure suffering from their fellow Christians. Looking to the fights between the several churches and Roman Catholic Church. Unfortunately, this is a shame for the faith in Jesus Christ, that their is so much hatred between the several believers (churches).
But, also close to home, Christians who wishes to maintain true Biblical teaching, are attacked by those who wish for a more free and liberal teaching.
The Christians in Smyrna are warned to be afraid to be throw into prison. Also Christians today must not fear to be prosecuted for their faith in Jesus Christ, and to be throw in prison and labour camps, and other to be martyred to death. Still today is valid, that one must be faith unto death, for the reward is in Heaven.
Pergamum (Revelation 2:12-17)
And to the angel of the church in Pergamum write:
'The words of him who has the sharp two-edged sword. 'I know where you dwell, where Satan's throne is; you hold fast my name and you did not deny my faith even in the days of Antipas my witness, my faithful one, who was killed among you, where Satan dwells. But I have a few things against you: you have some there who hold the teaching of Balaam, who taught Balak to put a stumbling block before the sons of Israel, that they might eat food sacrificed to idols and practice immorality. So you also have some who hold the teaching of the Nicolaitans. Repent then. If not, I will come to you soon and war against them with the sword of my mouth.
To him who conquers I will give some of the hidden manna, and I will give him a white stone, with a new name written on the stone which no one knows except him who receives it'.
The altar of Pérgamo was excavated in the late 19th century, on its original site, and parts thereof were sent by an archaeological expedition led by Carl Humann to Berlin. The god Asclepius
While Pergamum was not as important a commercial city as Ephesus and Smyrna, was nevertheless more important as a political and religious centre. In 29 B.C. a temple was dedicated to the divine August and the goddess Roma. Observance of this worship became a test of the loyalty to Rome, for the imperial cult was the keystone of the imperial policy, and refusal to take part in the official cult was considered high treason. In the city was an acropolis, upon which had been erected many temples to pagan deities. The acropolis was crowned by a huge altar dedicated to Zeus, and a temple of Athena.
Pergamum was also the centre of the worship of Asclepius, the serpent-god of healing, and was famed for its college of medical priests. So this city was a tremendous difficult environment for Christians to life. Most definitely this Christian community was in the midst where Satan's throne was.
The Christians were/are daily in the midst of very many temptations in this world of Satan. Sometimes, one was no choice and one has to attend social (business) parties, where moral standards are loosened: drunkenness, sexual freedom, partner-exchange, drugs, etc. Here the Christian must draw a line. It is not wrong to participate at a business party, but the Christian must not participate in all these licentiousness. The Christian must remain faithful and steady to the Lord Jesus Christ!
Ultimately these unbelievers will draw short, and Christ will fight against them and their fate will be the lake of fire, where there is eternal weeping and gnashing of teeth.
Thyatira (Revelation 2:18-29)
And to the angel of the church in Thyatira write:
The words of the Son of God, who has eyes like a flame of fire, and whose feet are like burnished bronze. I know your works, your love and faith and service and patient endurance, and that your latter works exceed the first. But I have this against you, that you tolerate the woman Jezebel, who calls herself a prophetess and is teaching and beguiling my servants to practice immorality and to eat food sacrificed to idols. I gave her time to repent, but she refuses to repent of her immorality. Behold, I will throw her on a sickbed, and those who commit adultery with her I will throw into Great Tribulation, unless they repent of her doings; and I will strike her children dead. And all the churches shall know that I am he who searches mind and heart, and I will give to each of you as your works deserve. But to the rest of you in Thyatira, who do not hold this teaching, who have not learned what some call the deep things of Satan, to you I say, I do not lay upon you any other burden; only hold fast what you have, until I come.
He who conquers and who keeps my works until the end, I will give him power over the nations, and he shall rule them with a rod of iron, as when earthen pots are broken in pieces, even as I myself have received power from my Father; and I will give him the morning star.
Thyatira was the least important city of Asia, it was not a religious or political center, but owed its importance altogether to trade. The city had a few temples, but it was not a strong seat of emperor worship and the state cult. Thyatira was noted for her trade guilds, about which we have considerable knowledge from inscriptions. One of these guilds dealt in purple cloth. These trade guilds enjoyed common meals which were probably dedicated to some pagan deity, and from this source arose the problem to the Christians in Thyatira. It would be nearly impossible for a citizen to participate in trade and industry without a membership in the appropriate guild. And the question naturally arose if a Christian could properly participate in such meals. This was complicated by the fact that these meals often ended in unbridled licentiousness.
John starts his letter to Thyatira with praise. Not as with the community in Ephesus where they had lost their first love, here they continued to be faithful in showing love. They persists despite the harsh environment to remain faithful to Christ. Pity, they had fallen prey to tolerance towards evil teaching and prophets - Jezebel, Ahab's queen, had supported idolatry (1 King 16:31). Here in this community, there was a woman who claimed to be a prophetess, but in really her pernicious teaching was leading some away from the faith.
John summon the parish that if despite the love the parish has shown to this prophetess and having given her all the time to revert from her evil teaching, to throw her out of the church. Some of the parish in Thyatira had followed her, other had remain faithful to the true teaching in Jesus Christ. Jesus Christ summons us to stay steady to the righteous teaching and promises that then we shall reign with Him as kings upon the pagans.
In this century, the believers are overwhelmed with liberal and evil teaching. What is wrong with a beautiful, luxurious house, yacht, more than one holiday a year, participating in parties, and other lovely enjoyments in life?
Well, everything for Jesus Christ has summoned us to share with the less endowed, to provide for the poor and hungry. Why shall we wealthy Christians live a luxurious life, while there are still so many hungry sisters and breathers? And hardly the church is capable in maintaining their building? And to send out missionaries? Why shall we waste time at parties, while there is a lot of work waiting for us: visiting the sick, Sermoning the gospel, taking care of our beloved ones, children and spouses?
Why flirt at parties, divorce, adultery, impure thoughts and desires, with the man or wife is waiting at home with the children? And get high of drugs at house-parties?
Then you do not need to wonder why Gods wrath is coming, and illnesses becomes your part and children die. AIDS has made its appearance, drug addicts are (emaciated) on the street and their children die. The Lord has warned enough. STILL it is not too late to convert. In Jesus Christ there is always grace and forgiveness of sins possible. He who has an ear, let him hear what the Spirit says. BUT who does not convert and turns to the Spirit of God, those will learn the depth of Satan and will be punish with Satan to the eternal punishment of the lake of fire.
Sardes (Revelation 3:1-6)
And to the angel of the church in Sardis write:
The words of him who has the seven spirits of God and the seven stars. 'I know your works; you have the name of being alive, and you are dead. Awake, and strengthen what remains and is on the point of death, for I have not found your works perfect in the sight of my God. Remember then what you received and heard; keep that, and repent. If you will not awake, I will come like a thief, and you will not know at what hour I will come upon you. Yet you have still a few names in Sardis, people who have not soiled their garments; and they shall walk with me in white, for they are worthy.
He who conquers shall be clad thus in white garments, and I will not blot his name out of the book of life; I will confess his name before my Father and before his angels.
Sardis provided the meeting place of several major Roman roads, and was an important industrial centre, the home of woolen and dyed goods. It is significant that nothing is said about Jewish hostility, open persecution or heretical teaching. The main problem was a deep apathy. I know your works; you have the name of being alive, but you are dead.
Here is the portrait of a nominal Christian: outwardly very busy with spiritual activities, but without an inner affection and prayer. It is all duty, but without a heart. How many Christians, do not weekly attend church, visiting the sick, but what happens at their own home? Is there prayer for the sick, for the unbeliever, to they give thanks for their daily food, possessions and health to the Lord?
The Lord calls to awaken, to persist in good works with heart and soul!
Going to church is not sufficient. Pray, read the Bible yourself, understands what the Lord is telling YOU in His Word, the Bible. Are you awaiting Christ Coming? Or are you slumbering? If so, AWAKE! Do not let yourself be surprised by the Coming of the Lord. Because then the Lord will come like a thief in the night and your works will be burnt like wood and hay! Or worse you will stay behind!
However, they who are awaiting Christ's Coming, who continue their good works with heart and soul, who do not slumber in their job. Those the Lord Jesus Christ will no way wipe out from the Book of Life, since they have build on the foundation with gold, silver and precious stones (1 Corinthians 3:11-15).
Philadelphia (Revelation 3:7-13)
And to the angel of the church in Philadelphia write:
The words of the holy one, the true one, who has the key of David, who opens and no one shall shut, who shuts and no one opens. 'I know your works. Behold, I have set before you an open door, which no one is able to shut; I know that you have but little power, and yet you have kept my word and have not denied my name. Behold, I will make those of the synagogue of Satan who say that they are Jews and are not, but lie --behold, I will make them come and bow down before your feet, and learn that I have loved you because you have kept my word of patient endurance, I will keep you from the hour of trial which is coming on the whole world, to try those who dwell upon the earth. I am coming soon; hold fast what you have, so that no one may seize your crown He who conquers, I will make him a pillar in the temple of my God; never shall he go out of it, and I will write on him the name of my God, and the name of the city of my God, the new Jerusalem which comes down from my God out of heaven, and my own new name.
He who has an ear, let him hear what the Spirit says to the churches.'
Philadelphia supported the pagan cult of Dionysus, but the main problem faced the church from the Jews rather than the pagans.
This is the only letter, which includes no words of censure or criticism. Apparently this was a small parish (you have but little power), but they had kept the Word of God and have not denied Gods name. This church was faithful in awaiting the Coming of the Lord Jesus Christ. Is that not typical of today situation. The community who are still looking for Christ's Coming is minor. And the Lord encourages these believers, with the words: Hold fast what you have, so that no one may seize your crown.
That is a rich promise in the Word of God, if the believer persist in the fruits of the Holy Spirit and Coming of the Lord, then he/she will participate in the Kingdom of God.
Laodicea (Revelation 3:14-22)
And to the angel of the church in Laodicea write:
'The words of the Amen, the faithful and true witness, the beginning of God's creation. I know your works: you are neither cold nor hot. Would that you were cold or hot! So, because you are lukewarm, and neither cold nor hot, I will spew you out of my mouth. For you say, I am rich, I have prospered, and I need nothing; not knowing that you are wretched, pitiable, poor, blind, and naked. Therefore I counsel you to buy from me gold refined by fire, that you may be rich, and white garments to clothe you and to keep the shame of your nakedness from being seen, and salve to anoint your eyes, that you may see. Those whom I love, I reprove and chasten; so be zealous and repent.
Behold, I stand at the door and knock; if any one hears my voice and opens the door, I will come in to him and eat with him, and he with me.
He who conquers, I will grant him to sit with me on my throne, as I myself conquered and sat down with my Father on his throne. He who has an ear, let him hear what the Spirit says to the churches.
Laodicea was situated at the convergence of three important roads. It was a prominent centre of banking and industry. The city was famous for a beautiful black woolen cloth used to make clothing and carpets. Laodicea was also the centre of a flourishing medical school. The letter makes no mention of persecution from Roman officials, of trouble from the Jews, or any false teachers within the church. But, it was a lukewarm church, it was not cold, and it was not hot.
I am afraid, that we can easily say these from the believers today. The believer today does not lack richness and wealth. The Christians believe in Jesus Christ as their Saviour, but have not found Him as Lord. They live their own (earthly) life, do not suffer anything, and it is hardly noticeable that they are Christians. They faithfully listen to the Biblical messages in church, pray and give thanks for their food. But they lack the fire to Sermon the gospel and to allow the Holy Sprit to work in them and to bear the fruits of the (Holy) Spirit.
This church is called for to become hot. If they do not, they will notice how miserable they are: wretched, pitiable, poor, blind, and naked. Blind for what they could have meant for the Lord Jesus Christ. And how they could have built upon the heavenly foundation and receiving a reward for their works. Poor and naked, because their works will burn like wood and hay (1 Corinthians 3:11-15).
But, it is not too late yet! See Christ stands at the door and knocks, if any one hears my voice and opens the door, I will come in to him. Christ asks to open your heart and to become hot for Him and to do the fruits of the Spirit (Galatians 5:22) and to build with gold, silver and precious stones (1 Corinthians 3:11-15).
Source Photos: TEAR fund
1 Corinthians 3 :11-15
For no other foundation can any one lay than that which is laid, which is Jesus Christ. Now if any one builds on the foundation with gold, silver, precious stones, wood, hay, straw-- each man's work will become manifest; for the Day will disclose it, because it will be revealed with fire, and the fire will test what sort of work each one has done If the work which any man has built on the foundation survives, he will receive a reward. If any man's work is burned up, he will suffer loss, though he himself will be saved, but only as through fire.
But the fruit of the Spirit is:
Self-control.
Revelation 4 - The 24 elders
After this I looked, and lo, in heaven an open door! And the first voice, which I had heard speaking to me like a trumpet, said, "Come up hither, and I will show you what must take place after this". At once I was in the Spirit, and lo, a throne stood in heaven, with one seated on the throne! And he who sat there appeared like jasper and carnelian, and round the throne was a rainbow that looked like an emerald. Round the throne were twenty-four thrones, and seated on the thrones were twenty-four elders, clad in white garments, with golden crowns upon their heads. From the throne issue flashes of lightning and voices and peals of thunder, and before the throne burn seven torches of fire, which are the seven spirits of God. And before the throne there is as it were a sea of glass, like crystal. And round the throne, on each side of the throne, are four living creatures, full of eyes in front and behind: the first living creature like a lion, the second living creature like an ox, the third living creature with the face of a man, and the fourth living creature like a flying eagle. And the four living creatures, each of them with six wings, are full of eyes all round and within, and day and night they never cease to sing, "Holy, holy, holy, is the Lord God Almighty, who was and is and is to come!" And whenever the living creatures give glory and honour and thanks to him who is seated on the throne, who lives for ever and ever, the twenty-four elders fall down before him who is seated on the throne and worship him who lives for ever and ever; they cast their crowns before the throne, singing, "Worthy art thou, our Lord and God, to receive glory and honour and power, for thou didst create all things, and by thy will they existed and were created.
To John, one of the apostles, was given a preview of what will happen at the end of time. This revelation was shown in a vision. I think we can explain this as a vision produced by the Holy Spirit. In this vision John was shown what is going to happen. That is a sure fact, since it was revealed by God Himself, then only to John, but John wrote it down and thus it can be seen by all who wish to take note of it.
Since it was inspired by the Holy Spirit, only those believers who are actively seeking the Will of God will be able to understand it in detail.
Somebody was seated upon the throne surrounded by a rainbow. From Ezekiel 1:28"Like the appearance of the rainbow that is in the cloud on the day of rain, so was the appearance of the brightness around about. Such was the appearance of the likeness of the glory of the Lord. "We can accept that by "Somebody seated on the throne" is meant the Lord Jesus Christ.
That is confirmed by the last verses in Revelation 4: The 24 elders threw themselves in front of the throne and worshipped Him, saying: Worthy are Thou, our Lord and God, .... and by Thy they existed and were created.
Who are the 24 elders ? The Bible does not clarify. When we look in 1 Kings 22:19:"I (Micaiah) saw the Lord sitting on His throne, and all the host of Heaven standing beside Him on His right hand an on the left" and in 22:21 "Then a Spirit came forward" it could be explained that the eldest are angels with a dedicated function. That is emphasized in John 20:12: "and she (Mary) saw two angels in white. These 24 eldest were also dressed in white". However another explanation can be: 12 elders are the 12 sons of Jacob (Gen. 35:22-26 or Rev. 7:5-8) and the 12 other elders are the 12 apostles of Jesus (whereby Judas is replaced by the apostle Paul).
The 7 spirits are Gods angels, as described in Ezekiel 1:5-14.
This chapter gives a clear picture of the powers (lightning and thunder) and the beauty (a sea like crystal) in Heaven, where the Lord lives. At the same time, a glimpse is awarded to see who are living in Heaven, the angels (and how they appear) and their functions: worshipping and praising the Lord.
That fact may set the Christian believer to thinking, when they approach God in prayer. Gods angels are holy and without sin, in that quality they can be in the presence of God and praise God. The believer, as a sinner, can only approach to God the Father, after he/she is purified through the blood of the Lord Jesus Christ and has confessed sins. Believers must also worship and praise God.
Some day the Christian believers will enter into this glory, after they have received a new imperishable body at the Rapture of the Church.
Meantime while the believer is living on earth, he/she must not forget the Holiness of God, for there is written: "Holy, holy, holy, is the Lord God Almighty, who was and is and is to come!" (Revelation 4:8).
Three times the word HOLY, remember that fact when you approach the Lord God. The 24 elders threw themselves before God, how do you approach God? Going down on your knees when you approach the Lord God in prayer?
How are you dressed (going to church, prayer meeting) in your daily clothes, or dressed worthily to approach the Holy Lord God?
Revelation 5 - The sealed scroll with seven seals
And I saw in the right hand of him who was seated on the throne a scroll written within and on the back, sealed with seven seals; and I saw a strong angel proclaiming with a loud voice, "Who is worthy to open the scroll and break its seals?" And no one in heaven or on earth or under the earth was able to open the scroll or to look into it, and I wept much that no one was found worthy to open the scroll or to look into it. Then one of the elders said to me, "Weep not; lo, the Lion of the tribe of Judah, the Root of David, has conquered, so that he can open the scroll and its seven seals." And between the throne and the four living creatures and among the elders, I saw a Lamb standing, as though it had been slain, with seven horns and with seven eyes, which are the seven spirits of God sent out into all the earth; and he went and took the scroll from the right hand of him who was seated on the throne. And when he had taken the scroll, the four living creatures and the twenty-four elders fell down before the Lamb, each holding a harp, and with golden bowls full of incense, which are the prayers of the saints; and they sang a new song, saying, "Worthy art thou to take the scroll and to open its seals, for thou wast slain and by thy blood didst ransom men for God from every tribe and tongue and people and nation, and hast made them a kingdom and priests to our God, and they shall reign on earth." Then I looked, and I heard around the throne and the living creatures and the elders the voice of many angels, numbering myriads of myriads and thousands of thousands, saying with a loud voice, "Worthy is the Lamb who was slain, to receive power and wealth and wisdom and might and honour and glory and blessing!" And I heard every creature in heaven and on earth and under the earth and in the sea, and all therein, saying, "To him who sits upon the throne and to the Lamb be blessing and honour and glory and might for ever and ever!" And the four living creatures said, "Amen!" and the elders fell down and worshiped.
The lion from the tribe Judah, the root Davids, is without question the Lord Jesus Christ who is born from the tribe Juda, from king David ( see the genealogy of Jesus Christ in Matthew 1:1-17). The Lord Jesus Christ is the only one, Who is qualified to open the scroll.
The Lord Jesus is also presented as the slaughtered Lamb at the Cross of Golgotha (1 Corinthians 5:7 "For Christ, our paschal lamb, has been sacrificed").
The elders, creatures and seven spirits of God we already met in Revelation 4.
A new song is sung in Heaven: For Thou wast slain and by Thy blood didst ransom men for God, from every tribe and tongue and people and nation, and has made them a kingdom and priests to our God and they shall reign on earth. Without question, it must be clear that with "Thou" the Lord Jesus Christ is meant, Who died (was slaughtered) on the Cross of Golgotha, and Who has bought with His blood the believers. The believers come from all tribes of Israel, all languages, people and nations on earth. The believer is made a priest (Revelation 1:6 and He has made them a kingdom and priests to our God). Here is also stated that the Christian believer will reign as king on earth (which is repeated in Revelation 20:4).
Their number was myriads of myriads (total: 100,000,000) and thousands of thousands (total: 1,000,000) a number mentioned before in the Bible, in Daniel 7:9-10. The number 101,0000,000 gives a reasonable impression of the number of angels who are present to praise the Lord Jesus Christ. Can you imagine when a crowd of 100,000,000 praise the Lord Jesus Christ with a loud voice? What a sound that would produce, Yes, indeed: The Lamb be all glory and honour and power forever. Amen!
It also gives an idea of the multitude of angels who are present around the earth to protect the Christian believers against evil, Satan and the power of darkness (his evil angels).
Therefore, do not let us, Christian believers, forget what a power the Lord God has. A Heaven that can accommodate so many persons, that is God's creation for God is Almighty. God is the One Who will conquer Satan and his evil angels, and He is the One Who already reigns through the Holy Spirit, Who dwells in every Christian believer, throughout the earth. Therefore allow the Holy Spirit, to do His work in you, because the works of the Holy Spirit must be seen as God already reigns on earth resisting the evil (Satan and his followers). In order that progressively more people will learn that Jesus Christ is their personal Saviour and he saved them for eternity. Then they will become part of the multitude, who will worship the Lamb, the Lord Jesus Christ.
And if you have not yet accepted Jesus Christ as your personal Saviour, D O N O T P O S T P O N E! Later it is too late, then the Lord Jesus Christ will have taken up the church (the reborn) into the heaven. And as you remain on earth, then in the Great Tribulation you must opt for or against God in the time of the end. But then there will be no place for you in Heaven. Heaven is only ready for those who have chosen Jesus Christ as their Saviour and Lord. If you choose for God in the time of the end, then you will live on the new earth and you will not be thrown into the lake of fire. But choosing for God in the time of the end will be very, very difficult and it will be even more difficult to persist until the end. Many will yield and choose in the end for the earthly powers to escape the tortures and torments. From that moment on you have rejected God and your destination is the lake of fire. So your escape will have been only a temporary avoidance of torture and torment, just to enter later into a eternal time of torture and torment.
Therefore do NOT postpone your decision, accept the Lord Jesus Christ, Who comes as a thief in the night (but soon now) no one knows at what time (the Lord comes). But remember an illness, heart attack or accident could mean your decision is made too late. Therefore, do not delay, for your own good. Ask the Lord Jesus Christ to come into your heart and let Him show you how you can come to Him. And keep asking until you have met Him! He is faithful, He is willing to listen to you and to assist you to enter the Christian faith: accepting Jesus Christ as Saviour for your sins.
BUT that first step must be YOURS!
As I (Daniel) looked, thrones were placed and one that was ancient of days took his seat; his raiment was white as snow, and the hair of his head like pure wool; his throne was fiery flames, its wheels were burning fire. A stream of fire issued and came forth from before him a thousand thousands served him, and ten thousand times ten thousand stood before him; the court sat in judgment, and the books were opened.
Revelation 6 - The first six seals
Now I saw when the Lamb opened one of the seven seals, and I heard one of the four living creatures say, as with a voice of thunder, "Come!" And I saw, and behold, a white horse, and its rider had a bow; and a crown was given to him, and he went out conquering and to conquer. When he opened the second seal, I heard the second living creature say, "Come!" And out came another horse, bright red; its rider was permitted to take peace from the earth, so that men should slay one another; and he was given a great sword. When he opened the third seal, I heard the third living creature say, "Come!" And I saw, and behold, a black horse, and its rider had a balance in his hand; and I heard what seemed to be a voice in the midst of the four living creatures saying, "A quart of wheat for a denarius, and three quarts of barley for a denarius; but do not harm oil and wine!" When he opened the fourth seal, I heard the voice of the fourth living creature say, "Come!" And I saw, and behold, a pale horse, and its rider's name was Death, and Hades followed him; and they were given power over a fourth of the earth, to kill with sword and with famine and with pestilence and by wild beasts of the earth. When he opened the fifth seal, I saw under the altar the souls of those who had been slain for the word of God and for the witness they had borne; they cried out with a loud voice, "O Sovereign Lord, holy and true, how long before thou wilt judge and avenge our blood on those who dwell upon the earth?" Then they were each given a white robe and told to rest a little longer, until the number of their fellow servants and their brethren should be complete, who were to be killed as they themselves had been. When he opened the sixth seal, I looked, and behold, there was a great earthquake; and the sun became black as sackcloth, the full moon became like blood, and the stars of the sky fell to the earth as the fig tree sheds its winter fruit when shaken by a gale; the sky vanished like a scroll that is rolled up, and every mountain and island was removed from its place. Then the kings of the earth and the great men and the generals and the rich and the strong, and every one, slave and free, hid in the caves and among the rocks of the mountains, calling to the mountains and rocks, "Fall on us and hide us from the face of him who is seated on the throne, and from the wrath of the Lamb; for the great day of their wrath has come, and who can stand before it?
What does it mean ?
The horses (white, bright red, black and pale) we see them too in the Old Testament, revealed in Zechariah 1 and Zechariah 6. It is clear that here the wrath of God is poured onto earth and will bring destruction on earth.
Considering that in both the Old and New Testaments horses are mentioned, I think we can accept this description literally. Father Christmas we imagine riding his reindeer sleigh through the sky. God is so Almighty that no doubt He is just as able to ride horses through the sky, although it goes well beyond our senses. But do not forget that God is the Creator. He has created all living creatures and these horses do not come from earth but from Heaven.
The first white horse comes to destroy with arrow and bow.
Followed by a second bright red horse that shows that people cannot live together in peace and harmony; and will start to kill each other.
Is that unthinkable ? We think not so. One of the biggest concerns in present society is the vast dependence upon electricity and computers. For example, Almere (in the Netherlands) was a city where power failures of 12 hours do occur. The impact is great: Shops must close, because the electronic pay-desks do not work, escalators stop, no illuminations, and so on. Traffic lights out of order, resulting in chaos of traffic. Alarm installations fail resulting in an increase of burglaries. Houses are in darkness, food could not be unprepared, babies could not be fed, since bottle milk could not be heated, resulting in (continuously) crying babies. So as in a large area, the power generators fail for months, chaos will be complete.
In America, millions of people in 24 states have been threatened, due to a software failure. A fire in a chemical factory was not discovered and this small fire, expanded quickly before it was discovered by people and the fire brigade could be informed. By the time the fire brigade arrived the complete factory was burning fiercely.
When a simple human error can have such effects, let alone an Almighty God is able to disturb peace on earth.
The third, black horse heralded the beginning of a famine. In the time of John, a denarius was about a day wages. And a quart of wheat was the amount a family would eat on one day. Under these circumstances when the horse rides, the price of the daily food (prices of bread, rice) increase so much, that no money is left for clothes and other essentials. This is possibly the cause of a food scarcity for no shortage is noted for oil and wine. The oil is available to bake the bread (in the time of John) (oil: nowadays: butter) and the wine as drink.
The fourth, pale horse, brings an even worse period, every fourth of man on earth will die by the sword, with famine, with the pestilence (AIDS or a new disease ?) and by wild beasts (see Ezekiel 14:12-22).
Who were those souls under the altar, when the fifth seal was broken ? We do not encounter them elsewhere in the Bible or Revelation. I suspect that for the meaning we need to look at verse 9 and 11. Verse 9 says that they were slaughtered for the word of God. Presumably these were the persons who remained on earth (after the Coming of Christ). And did not yield to the earthly powers, and had given witness to the Word of God, the Bible, and they were arrested by the earthly powers and killed. Verse 11 indicates that they were witnesses of God on earth, and that those under the altar waiting patiently, until those on earth still witnessing for God were killed by the earthly powers (until the number of their brethren should be complete).
This means that those, who remained behind, and had not accepted Jesus Christ as their Saviour, but who went to church (and liberal Sermoners teaching Jesus as a myth) and they who had Biblical knowledge but still delayed the accepting Jesus Christ as their Saviour, probably were going to witness for God.
If God is no longer present (through the Holy Spirit living inside Christian believers) then nothing can stop the earthly powers (under command of Satan and the powers of darkness) from killing those ones who chose for God. This will be the greatest test for those who remain faithful to God, for the Bible states here clearly that ALL will be killed (slaughtered). It is then choosing for the earthly powers, or death and choosing for God. That would not be a very easy decision!!!
The sixth seal. A great earthquake and the sun became black and the moon became like blood. And the stars fell to earth. Symbolically, I do not think so. At present we are familiar with the large (earthquake) areas and complete cities can disappear, like Los Angeles and Tokyo. So it is not surprising, when, due to an earthquake all mountains and islands were removed form their places.
In a documentary of the Grand Canyon in America it was shown the many earth fractures and volcanoes, that are present in this area. Similar as a consequence of these eruptions, the expectation is that within 100 years it is going to occur again. In principle, the complete area of North-America (but it could well be North and South America) will be destroyed and the complete population will choked by sulphur and ashes. This could explain why the nation Israel will not receive any assistance during the Great Tribulation, since America is destroyed.
Seeing from earth, we often see a red sun or red moon. All kinds of nature can cause that we see the sun as black and the moon as blood (red). Think about a volcanic eruption which pollutes the air with ashes and makes the sun appearing black. Or the enormous forest fires (lighted by man) in Indonesia, that polluted the air and blackened the sky. And think about the extinction of the dinosaurs.
Stars felt on earth. When a comet (treating in 2007, comet of about 200 km in diameter) or a meteorite goes through the atmosphere, it looks like a star, giving light due to its burning with a clear tail. And what to think off the many satellites which circle about the earth, when through a disturbance they begin to fall on earth, they too will burn and destroy much on earth. Satellites are increasing in size and what to think of when a space module falls on earth!
John saw the stars fall out of the sky. I suppose a rain of meteorites, satellites fallen from sky fulfills very well the description of what John saw.
One thing is a fact, these things shall happen in the time of the end. What will be the real facts, at present we can only guess. With the present knowledge and science, we are able to increase a possible explanation until it become reality of the things that John described, and also really will happen. How long it takes, before it becomes reality, only God knows!!!
But since we are in the position to explain these matters, it must be clear that we are living very close to the time of the end. One year (day) or tens of years separating from Gods final judgment? Only God knows.
Therefore it is important not to delay your choice for the Lord Jesus Christ as your personal Saviour. Unless you willingly choose to live the time under the wrath of God and experiences this tumult and disasters. And risk spending eternity in the lake of fire.
In the eighth month, in the second year of Darius, the word of the LORD came to Zechariah the son of Berechiah, son of Iddo, the prophet, saying, "The LORD was very angry with your fathers. Therefore say to them, Thus says the LORD of hosts: Return to me, says the LORD of hosts, and I will return to you, says the LORD of hosts. Be not like your fathers, to whom the former prophets cried out, 'Thus says the LORD of hosts, Return from your evil ways and from your evil deeds.' But they did not hear or heed me, says the LORD. Your fathers, where are they? And the prophets, do they live for ever? But my words and my statutes, which I commanded my servants the prophets, did they not overtake your fathers? So they repented and said, As the LORD of hosts purposed to deal with us for our ways and deeds, so has he dealt with us." On the twenty-fourth day of the eleventh month which is the month of Shebat, in the second year of Darius, the word of the LORD came to Zechariah the son of Berechiah, son of Iddo, the prophet; and Zechariah said, "I saw in the night, and behold, a man riding upon a red horse! He was standing among the myrtle trees in the glen; and behind him were red, sorrel, and white horses. Then I said, "What are these, my lord?" The angel who talked with me said to me, "I will show you what they are." So the man who was standing among the myrtle trees answered, 'These are they whom the LORD has sent to patrol the earth.' And they answered the angel of the LORD who was standing among the myrtle trees, 'We have patrolled the earth, and behold, all the earth remains at rest.' Then the angel of the LORD said, 'O LORD of hosts, how long wilt thou have no mercy on Jerusalem and the cities of Judah, against which thou hast had indignation these seventy years?' And the LORD answered gracious and comforting words to the angel who talked with me. So the angel who talked with me said to me, 'Cry out, Thus says the LORD of hosts: I am exceedingly jealous for Jerusalem and for Zion. And I am very angry with the nations that are at ease; for while I was angry but a little they furthered the disaster. Therefore, thus says the LORD, I have returned to Jerusalem with compassion; my house shall be built in it, says the LORD of hosts, and the measuring line shall be stretched out over Jerusalem. Cry again, Thus says the LORD of hosts: My cities shall again overflow with prosperity, and the LORD will again comfort Zion and again choose Jerusalem.'" And I lifted my eyes and saw, and behold, four horns! And I said to the angel who talked with me, "What are these?" And he answered me, "These are the horns which have scattered Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem." Then the LORD showed me four smiths. And I said, "What are these coming to do?" He answered, "These are the horns which scattered Judah, so that no man raised his head; and these have come to terrify them, to cast down the horns of the nations who lifted up their horns against the land of Judah to scatter it.
And again I lifted my eyes and saw, and behold, four chariots came out from between two mountains; and the mountains were mountains of bronze. The first chariot had red horses, the second black horses, the third white horses, and the fourth chariot dappled gray horses. Then I said to the angel who talked with me, "What are these, my lord?" And the angel answered me, "These are going forth to the four winds of heaven, after presenting themselves before the LORD of all the earth. The chariot with the black horses goes toward the north country, the white ones go toward the west country, and the dappled ones go toward the south country." When the steeds came out, they were impatient to get off and patrol the earth. And he said, "Go, patrol the earth." So they patrolled the earth. Then he cried to me, "Behold, those who go toward the north country have set my Spirit at rest in the north country." And the word of the LORD came to me: "Take from the exiles Heldai, Tobijah, and Jedaiah, who have arrived from Babylon; and go the same day to the house of Josiah, the son of Zephaniah. Take from them silver and gold, and make a crown, and set it upon the head of Joshua, the son of Jehozadak, the high priest; and say to him, 'Thus says the LORD of hosts, "Behold, the man whose name is the Branch: for he shall grow up in his place, and he shall build the temple of the LORD. It is he who shall build the temple of the LORD, and shall bear royal honour, and shall sit and rule upon his throne. And there shall be a priest by his throne, and peaceful understanding shall be between them both."' And the crown shall be in the temple of the LORD as a reminder to Heldai, Tobijah, Jedaiah, and Josiah the son of Zephaniah. "And those who are far off shall come and help to build the temple of the LORD; and you shall know that the LORD of hosts has sent me to you. And this shall come to pass, if you will diligently obey the voice of the LORD your God".
And the word of the LORD came to me: Son of man, when a land sins against me by acting faithlessly, and I stretch out my hand against it, and break its staff of bread and send famine upon it, and cut off from it man and beast, even if these three men, Noah, Daniel, and Job, were in it, they would deliver but their own lives by their righteousness, says the Lord GOD. If I cause wild beasts to pass through the land, and they ravage it, and it be made desolate, so that no man may pass through because of the beasts; even if these three men were in it, as I live, says the Lord GOD, they would deliver neither sons nor daughters; they alone would be delivered, but the land would be desolate. Or if I bring a sword upon that land, and say, Let a sword go through the land; and I cut off from it man and beast; though these three men were in it, as I live, says the Lord GOD, they would deliver neither sons nor daughters, but they alone would be delivered. Or if I send a pestilence into that land, and pour out my wrath upon it with blood, to cut off from it man and beast; even if Noah, Daniel, and Job were in it, as I live, says the Lord GOD, they would deliver neither son nor daughter; they would deliver but their own lives by their righteousness. For thus says the Lord GOD: How much more when I send upon Jerusalem my four sore acts of judgment, sword, famine, evil beasts, and pestilence, to cut off from it man and beast! Yet, if there should be left in it any survivors to lead out sons and daughters, when they come forth to you, and you see their ways and their doings, you will be consoled for the evil that I have brought upon Jerusalem, for all that I have brought upon it.
The dinosaurs were eradicated 65,000,000 years ago in a single blow by a meteorite burst. Is there any proof? Yes, at Spookranch at least 1,000 skeletons were located, these were killed in one instant. The paleontologists found this riddle. What could have caused what the fossils were showing.
Bones that were still intact and not gnawed by beasts of prey
The skeletons indicated one dramatic instance
The skeletons indicated that they were buried alive
Male, female and young ceolophysis (dinosaurs) skeletons were found
The event probably happened some 65,000,000 years ago.
Conclusion: The disaster probably was a natural disaster, flood, eruption of a volcano or a meteorite burst. Worldwide skeletons were found indicating an event occurring about 65,000,000 years ago, so the disaster must have been so enormous, that it had hit the complete earth.
An answer came from Ludlow in Colorado from the KT-layer (the period between Cretaceous and Tertiair, a period 65,000,000 years ago). The KT-layer over the whole world told the same story, under this layer lay the skeletons of dinosaurs and other animals, above this KT-layer no skeletons were found.
In this KT-layer a 1000 times higher concentration than usual quantity of Iridium was found. The question rose, where did it come from? For the earthly rocks hardly contained this percentage. But at fragments from space, that high quality was found.
The conclusion was at hand, the eradication of the dinosaurs must have been caused by a meteorite burst, but where ?
The answer came during test drilling and photos from the Gulf of Mexico: the peninsula Yucatan. Here a crater burst showed with a diameter of 240 km around the city Chicxutub.
According to its diameter that indicates a meteorite of 20 km in diameter and an impact speed of 240.000 km/hour.(150,000 m.p.h).
Such an impact causes an energy of 100,000,000 hydrogen bombs exploding at once. What are the results of such a meteorite burst ? The facts in row (that are secured by the excavations):
The shock waves created a fireball of stones and wreckage that were slung into the atmosphere. Due to the very great heat, the rocks evaporated, giving droplets of silicate and great burning ash residues in the sky, which were carried over the earth by the jet stream and dropped onto the continents.
There, where the ash residues rained, the sky became red, and set fire to the vegetation on all continents. These ash residues (teklite grains) have been found all over the world.
By the heat (for hours as warm as in a pizza-oven) living creatures were grilled and died a horrible death.
The impact created a chain reaction:
Through the heat, within 10 minutes of impact, all vegetation burned spontaneously, resulting in forest and vegetation fires in North- and South America (also due to the teklite grains).
Shock waves created earthquakes.
One hour after impact, floods of about 120 metres in depth occurred these covered the whole of Mexico and large areas of the U.S.A. carrying trees and wreckage and drowning many living creatures (As far as 100 kilometres from this meteorite impact, in Mimbral proof of this flood is found).
Carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide arose from the minerals in the rocks where the impact had occurred (Had the impact taken place elsewhere on earth, then the results would have been less, this combination is only present on 0.5% of the earth). The sulphur dioxide mixed with the hydrogen in the atmosphere creating sulphuric acid. This sulphuric acid and acidic rain fell on the earth (carried by the jet stream and shock waves) and killed all living creatures and vegetation.
The sulphuric acid cloud masked the sun for 3 years causing the temperature to drop to about freezing point. When the cloud cooled, again the acid rain and sulphuric acid fell upon earth for about 10 years, so that the new vegetation which began to grow, was killed and the food chain collapsed.
After this, the sky filled itself with carbon dioxide and the earth became very hot (the greenhouse effect), so that all that which still lived, was killed by lack of air, or by tainted water or by starvation.
Revelation 7 - The 144000 of Israel
After this I saw four angels standing at the four corners of the earth, holding back the four winds of the earth, that no wind might blow on earth or sea or against any tree. Then I saw another angel ascend from the rising of the sun, with the seal of the living God, and he called with a loud voice to the four angels who had been given power to harm earth and sea, saying, "Do not harm the earth or the sea or the trees, till we have sealed the servants of our God upon their foreheads." And I heard the number of the sealed, a hundred and forty-four thousand sealed, out of every tribe of the sons of Israel, twelve thousand sealed out of the tribe of Judah, twelve thousand of the tribe of Reuben, twelve thousand of the tribe of Gad, twelve thousand of the tribe of Asher, twelve thousand of the tribe of Naphtali, twelve thousand of the tribe of Manasseh, twelve thousand of the tribe of Simeon, twelve thousand of the tribe of Levi, twelve thousand of the tribe of Issachar, twelve thousand of the tribe of Zebulun, twelve thousand of the tribe of Joseph, twelve thousand sealed out of the tribe of Benjamin. After this I looked, and behold, a great multitude which no man could number, from every nation, from all tribes and peoples and tongues, standing before the throne and before the Lamb, clothed in white robes, with palm branches in their hands, and crying out with a loud voice, "Salvation belongs to our God who sits upon the throne, and to the Lamb!" And all the angels stood round the throne and round the elders and the four living creatures, and they fell on their faces before the throne and worshiped God, saying, "Amen! Blessing and glory and wisdom and thanksgiving and honour and power and might be to our God for ever and ever! Amen." Then one of the elders addressed me, saying, "Who are these, clothed in white robes, and whence they have come?" I said to him, "Sir, you know." And he said to me, "These are they who have come out of the Great Tribulation; they have washed their robes and made them white in the blood of the Lamb. Therefore are they before the throne of God, and serve him day and night within his temple; and he who sits upon the throne will shelter them with his presence. They shall hunger no more, neither thirst any more; the sun shall not strike them, nor any scorching heat. For the Lamb in the midst of the throne will be their shepherd, and he will guide them to springs of living water; and God will wipe away every tear from their eyes".
The four angels
They stand at the four corners of the earth, we already met them in Zechariah 6 and Revelation 6.
Every one who chooses for the earthly powers, will get a sign (666 or 0110 0110 0110 in computer language) on their right hand or forehead, as described in Revelation 13:16-17. Every one who opts for God, shall have to refuse that mark. That as a reminder for God, that they have chosen for Him. Those who do not have the mark, will be spared of God's wrath and they will be given with His mark on their forehead.
The number 144 thousand or 12 x 12 thousand from all tribes of Israel. That agrees with Ezekiel 47 and 48. A note here: in Ezekiel 47 and 48 states that Joseph receives two parts. Revelation mentions Joseph and Manasseh. Joseph was the father of Ephraim en Manasseh, this explains why Joseph received two parts. In Revelation we are missing the tribe Dan, which is mentioned in Ezekiel. That could be explained by the supposition that out of the tribe Dan, the Anti-Christ would rise.
If we should take the 12 x 12 thousand symbolically or literally, I do not know. When taking the 144 thousand literally, God will protect them against the earthly powers and the Anti-Christ to witness of God and to proclaim His Word and coming of the Messiah. The rest might fall prey to the earthly powers, but despite they will share in the inheritance of Israel, as described in Ezekiel 47 and 48. The Bible does not give a explanation here, so we must guess.
One thing is a fact, despite that at this moment the Jewish people are trying to establish peace with their neighbours using their own strength, Revelation tells that Israel will not be able to do so, but they will be attacked by the earthly powers. But God will conquer and the 12 tribes of Israel will inherit the Promised Land (including the tribe Dan) and they will live in peace. A peace brought about by God Himself.
The Palestinians are fighting for a hopeless cause, against the God of Israel. Allah is a invention of Mohammed, a deception of Satan, and they will loose in the end to the real existing God of Israel.
The great magnitude for the throne, is explained in verse 14, being those who come from the Great Tribulation (see Revelation 6:11). The time of the Great Tribulation is already mentioned in the Old Testament (Daniel 12:1-2). And what a promise follows, those who refused to choose against God in the Great Tribulation and have resisted against the earthly powers, they will live on the New Earth. They will no longer thirst and have hunger, but the Lord God will feed them and will guide them to springs of living water (see too Ezekiel 47).
Despite the fact that when you choose against the earthly powers in the Great Tribulation, and you cannot buy nor sell without the mark, and you will experience persecution, torments and torture from the earthly powers, this is God's promise, that if you choose the Lord God, you will receive eternal life on the new earth and will NOT be sent to the lake of fire. The lake of fire is destined for those who HAVE received the mark on the right hand or forehead and HAVE chosen against God. This place is much worse than the torments and torture in the Great Tribulation. Those will be eternal.
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Then he cried in my ears with a loud voice, saying, "Draw near, you executioners of the city, each with his destroying weapon in his hand." And lo, six men came from the direction of the upper gate, which faces north, every man with his weapon for slaughter in his hand, and with them was a man clothed in linen, with a writing case at his side. And they went in and stood beside the bronze altar. Now the glory of the God of Israel had gone up from the cherubim on which it rested to the threshold of the house; and he called to the man clothed in linen, who had the writing case at his side. And the LORD said to him, "Go through the city, through Jerusalem, and put a mark upon the foreheads of the men who sigh and groan over all the abominations that are committed in it." And to the others he said in my hearing, "Pass through the city after him, and smite; your eye shall not spare, and you shall show no pity; slay old men outright, young men and maidens, little children and women, but touch no one upon whom is the mark. And begin at my sanctuary." So they began with the elders who were before the house. Then he said to them, "Defile the house, and fill the courts with the slain. Go forth." So they went forth, and smote in the city. And while they were smiting, and I was left alone, I fell upon my face, and cried, "Ah Lord GOD! wilt thou destroy all that remains of Israel in the outpouring of thy wrath upon Jerusalem?" Then he said to me, "The guilt of the house of Israel and Judah is exceedingly great; the land is full of blood, and the city full of injustice; for they say, 'The LORD has forsaken the land, and the LORD does not see.' As for me, my eye will not spare, nor will I have pity, but I will requite their deeds upon their heads." And lo, the man clothed in linen, with the writing case at his side, brought back word, saying, "I have done as thou didst command me".
Also it causes all, both small and great, both rich and poor, both free and slave, to be marked on the right hand or the forehead.
Then he brought me back to the door of the temple; and behold, water was issuing from below the threshold of the temple toward the east (for the temple faced east); and the water was flowing down from below the south end of the threshold of the temple, south of the altar. Then he brought me out byway of the north gate, and led me round on the outside to the outer gate, that faces toward the east; and the water was coming out on the south side. Going on eastward with a line in his hand, the man measured a thousand cubits, and then led me through the water; and it was ankle-deep. Again he measured a thousand, and led me through the water; and it was knee-deep. Again he measured a thousand, and led me through the water; and it was up to the loins. Again he measured a thousand, and it was a river that I could not pass through, for the water had risen; it was deep enough to swim in, a river that could not be passed through. And he said to me, "Son of man, have you seen this?" Then he led me back along the bank of the river. As I went back, I saw upon the bank of the river very many trees on the one side and on the other. And he said to me, "This water flows toward the eastern region and goes down into the Arabah; and when it enters the stagnant waters of the sea, the water will become fresh. And wherever the river goes every living creature which swarms will live, and there will be very many fish; for this water goes there, that the waters of the sea may become fresh; so everything will live where the river goes. Fishermen will stand beside the sea; from Engedi to Eneglaim it will be a place for the spreading of nets; its fish will be of very many kinds, like the fish of the Great Sea. But its swamps and marshes will not become fresh; they are to be left for salt. And on the banks, on both sides of the river, there will grow all kinds of trees for food. Their leaves will not wither nor their fruit fail, but they will bear fresh fruit every month, because the water for them flows from the sanctuary. Their fruit will be for food, and their leaves for healing." Thus says the Lord GOD: "These are the boundaries by which you shall divide the land for inheritance among the twelve tribes of Israel. Joseph shall have two portions. And you shall divide it equally; I swore to give it to your fathers, and this land shall fall to you as your inheritance. This shall be the boundary of the land: On the north side, from the Great Sea by way of Hethlon to the entrance of Hamath, and on to Zedad, Berothah, Sibraim (which lies on the border between Damascus and Hamath), as far as Hazerhatticon, which is on the border of Hauran. So the boundary shall run from the sea to Hazarenon, which is on the northern border of Damascus, with the border of Hamath to the north. This shall be the north side. On the east side, the boundary shall run from Hazarenon between Hauran and Damascus; along the Jordan between Gilead and the land of Israel; to the eastern sea and as far as Tamar. This shall be the east side. On the south side, it shall run from Tamar as far as the waters of Meribathkadesh, thence along the Brook of Egypt to the Great Sea. This shall be the south side. On the west side, the Great Sea shall be the boundary to a point opposite the entrance of Hamath. This shall be the west side. "So you shall divide this land among you according to the tribes of Israel. You shall allot it as an inheritance for yourselves and for the aliens who reside among you and have begotten children among you. They shall be to you as native-born sons of Israel; with you they shall be allotted an inheritance among the tribes of Israel. In whatever tribe the alien resides, there you shall assign him his inheritance," says the Lord GOD.
NOTE: A cubit is about 21 inches. Thousand cubits is about 583 yard (533 metres).
These are the names of the tribes: Beginning at the northern border, from the sea by way of Hethlon to the entrance of Hamath, as far as Hazarenon (which is on the northern border of Damascus over against Hamath), and extending from the east side to the west, Dan, one portion. Adjoining the territory of Dan, from the east side to the west, Asher, one portion. Adjoining the territory of Asher, from the east side to the west, Naphtali, one portion. Adjoining the territory of Naphtali, from the east side to the west, Manasseh, one portion. Adjoining the territory of Manasseh, from the east side to the west, Ephraim, one portion. Adjoining the territory of Ephraim, from the east side to the west, Reuben, one portion. Adjoining the territory of Reuben, from the east side to the west, Judah, one portion. Adjoining the territory of Judah, from the east side to the west, shall be the portion which you shall set apart, twenty-five thousand cubits in breadth, and in length equal to one of the tribal portions, from the east side to the west, with the sanctuary in the midst of it. The portion which you shall set apart for the LORD shall be twenty-five thousand cubits in length, and twenty thousand in breadth. These shall be the allotments of the holy portion: the priests shall have an allotment measuring twenty-five thousand cubits on the northern side, ten thousand cubits in breadth on the western side, ten thousand in breadth on the eastern side, and twenty-five thousand in length on the southern side, with the sanctuary of the LORD in the midst of it. This shall be for the consecrated priests, the sons of Zadok, who kept my charge, who did not go astray when the people of Israel went astray, as the Levites did. And it shall belong to them as a special portion from the holy portion of the land, a most holy place, adjoining the territory of the Levites. And alongside the territory of the priests, the Levites shall have an allotment twenty-five thousand cubits in length and ten thousand in breadth. The whole length shall be twenty-five thousand cubits and the breadth twenty thousand. They shall not sell or exchange any of it; they shall not alienate this choice portion of the land, for it is holy to the LORD. The remainder, five thousand cubits in breadth and twenty-five thousand in length, shall be for ordinary use for the city, for dwellings and for open country. In the midst of it shall be the city; and these shall be its dimensions: the north side four thousand five hundred cubits, the south side four thousand five hundred, the east side four thousand five hundred, and the west side four thousand and five hundred. And the city shall have open land: on the north two hundred and fifty cubits, on the south two hundred and fifty, on the east two hundred and fifty, and on the west two hundred and fifty. The remainder of the length alongside the holy portion shall be ten thousand cubits to the east, and ten thousand to the west, and it shall be alongside the holy portion. Its produce shall be food for the workers of the city. And the workers of the city, from all the tribes of Israel, shall till it. The whole portion which you shall set apart shall be twenty-five thousand cubits square, that is, the holy portion together with the property of the city. What remains on both sides of the holy portion and of the property of the city shall belong to the prince. Extending from the twenty-five thousand cubits of the holy portion to the east border, and westward from the twenty-five thousand cubits to the west border, parallel to the tribal portions, it shall belong to the prince. The holy portion with the sanctuary of the temple in its midst, and the property of the Levites and the property of the city, shall be in the midst of that which belongs to the prince. The portion of the prince shall lie between the territory of Judah and the territory of Benjamin. As for the rest of the tribes: from the east side to the west, Benjamin, one portion. Adjoining the territory of Benjamin, from the east side to the west, Simeon, one portion. Adjoining the territory of Simeon, from the east side to the west, Issachar, one portion. Adjoining the territory of Issachar, from the east side to the west, Zebulun, one portion. Adjoining the territory of Zebulun, from the east side to the west, Gad, one portion. And adjoining the territory of Gad to the south, the boundary shall run from Tamar to the waters of Meribathkadesh, thence along the Brook of Egypt to the Great Sea. This is the land which you shall allot as an inheritance among the tribes of Israel, and these are their several portions, says the Lord GOD. These shall be the exits of the city: On the north side, which is to be four thousand five hundred cubits by measure, three gates, the gate of Reuben, the gate of Judah, and the gate of Levi, the gates of the city being named after the tribes of Israel. On the east side, which is to be four thousand five hundred cubits, three gates, the gate of Joseph, the gate of Benjamin, and the gate of Dan. On the south side, which is to be four thousand five hundred cubits by measure, three gates, the gate of Simeon, the gate of Issachar, and the gate of Zebulun. On the west side, which is to be four thousand five hundred cubits, three gates, the gate of Gad, the gate of Asher, and the gate of Naphtali. The circumference of the city shall be eighteen thousand cubits. And the name of the city henceforth shall be, The LORD is there.
Daniel 12:1-2
At that time shall arise Michael, the great prince who has charge of your people. And there shall be a time of trouble, such as never has been since there was a nation till that time; but at that time your people shall be delivered, every one whose name shall be found written in the book. And many of those who sleep in the dust of the earth shall awake, some to everlasting life, and some to shame and everlasting contempt.
Revelation 8 - The seventh seal and the seven trumpets
When the Lamb opened the seventh seal, there was silence in heaven for about half an hour. Then I saw the seven angels who stand before God, and seven trumpets were given to them. And another angel came and stood at the altar with a golden censer; and he was given much incense to mingle with the prayers of all the saints upon the golden altar before the throne; and the smoke of the incense rose with the prayers of the saints from the hand of the angel before God. Then the angel took the censer and filled it with fire from the altar and threw it on the earth; and there were peals of thunder, voices, flashes of lightning, and an earthquake. Now the seven angels who had the seven trumpets made ready to blow them. The first angel blew his trumpet, and there followed hail and fire, mixed with blood, which fell on the earth; and a third of the earth was burnt up, and a third of the trees were burnt up, and all green grass was burnt up. The second angel blew his trumpet, and something like a great mountain, burning with fire, was thrown into the sea; and a third of the sea became blood, a third of the living creatures in the sea died, and a third of the ships were destroyed. The third angel blew his trumpet, and a great star fell from heaven, blazing like a torch, and it fell on a third of the rivers and on the fountains of water. The name of the star is Wormwood. A third of the waters became wormwood, and many men died of the water, because it was made bitter. The fourth angel blew his trumpet, and a third of the sun was struck, and a third of the moon, and a third of the stars, so that a third of their light was darkened; a third of the day was kept from shining, and likewise a third of the night. Then I looked, and I heard an eagle crying with a loud voice, as it flew in midheaven, "Woe, woe, woe to those who dwell on the earth, at the blasts of the other trumpets which the three angels are about to blow!"
To understand the fire, thunder, lightning and earthquake, see Ezekiel 38 and 39.
Consider the fires lit in Indonesia, and the consequences to people and animals of Indonesia and Singapore. We can hardly imagine a natural disaster where fire (lightning) together with hail destroys a third of the forest and houses. And lately on earth we already have seen hailstone with a diameter of 4 inches destroying completely roofs, cars and aircraft.
At the second angel, something like a great mountain, burning with fire, was thrown into the sea; and a third of the sea became blood, a third of the living creatures in the sea died, and a third of the ships were destroyed. Presumably John saw a volcano which erupted a great mass of fire and lava into the sea. When this is a large amount of lava, is not surprisingly that a third of the sea became as blood, since all living creatures, fishes, sharks, dolphins, whales ect., living in the sea are killed and their blood becomes visible in the sea. Of course, when the volcano erupts lava, ships also are hit and will sink. Also think of the tsunamie with its greats waves after the volcano ereption near Indonesia.
And a third angel blew the trumpet and a great star fell from heaven, blazing like a torch. I do not think that we must consider literally of a star, but more about a comet, meteorite, satellite or space station. When a comet enters the atmosphere, it burns and looks like a star, blazing like a torch with a light tail. I only heard about a comet with a diameter of 200 km that can threaten the earth in a few years. But this comet had not been named Wormwood by NASA. The expectation is however that if this comet hits the earth, indeed one third of earth will be destroyed. Not only due to the impact on earth, but resulting from the dust that enters in the sky and waters, polluting all.
When a meteorite hides the ocean, that creates a tsunami with waves of 5 to 100 metres in height or more.
And the fourth angel blew the trumpet, and a third of the sun, moon and stars was struck, so that a third of their light was extinguished. Presumably we should not take this literally, a third destruction of the sun, moon and stars, but must interpret what John saw. He saw that the sun, moon and stars only gave two thirds of their light (But of course it can happen literally caused by God Almighty).
Only on the day when it happens, mankind will know what the cause of this event will be. But a darkness of a third of the day is not surprising, we saw the events that preceded this occasion: the burning mountain and the big star. Both will finally pollute the atmosphere in such a way, that the sun, moon and stars are no longer able to send their full light through the atmosphere so that the earth will gets for a third part of the day no light and similarly for the night. We saw already the effects from the ashes out of the volcano in Japan that polluted the atmosphere and blocked out the sun and moon light.
Indeed, Woe, woe, woe to those who dwell on the earth. It must be a nightmare. Therefore it is better to accept the Lord Jesus Christ before that period and to be taken up with Him at His first Coming in the sky.
Observing the time in which we live. Maybe the Lord God has already warned the world sufficiently. We hear about the terrible destruction and damage caused by El Ninjo, the many hurricanes occurring in America, causing millions of dollars of damage by flooding areas as large as a complete country Holland. We can also read about the power and destructive forces of the earthquakes in Los Angeles.
God already warns man that the end is near, still He gives man the chance to convert to Christianity. To recognize that they are sinners, and to accept the Lord Jesus Christ as their personal Saviour. So take the opportunity, before it is too late and you will go into the Great Tribulation. And then you must choose for or against God, but then any way there will be no place for you in Heaven. If you choose for God during the Great Tribulation then you might have eternal life on (the new) earth.
Revelation 9 - The fifth trumpet
And the fifth angel blew his trumpet, and I saw a star fallen from heaven to earth, and he was given the key of the shaft of the bottomless pit; he opened the shaft of the bottomless pit, and from the shaft rose smoke like the smoke of a great furnace, and the sun and the air were darkened with the smoke from the shaft. Then from the smoke came locusts on the earth, and they were given power like the power of scorpions of the earth; they were told not to harm the grass of the earth or any green growth or any tree, but only those of mankind who have not the seal of God upon their foreheads; they were allowed to torture them for five months, but not to kill them, and their torture was like the torture of a scorpion, when it stings a man. Today a sting of a scorpion causes horrible pains, fever, difficulty breathing, vomiting, twitching, increased heart rate. And in those days men will seek death and will not find it; they will long to die, and death will fly from them. In appearance the locusts were like horses arrayed for battle; on their heads were what looked like crowns of gold; their faces were like human faces, their hair like women's hair, and their teeth like lions' teeth; they had scales like iron breastplates, and the noise of their wings was like the noise of many chariots with horses rushing into battle. They have tails like scorpions, and stings, and their power of hurting men for five months lies in their tails. They have as king over them the angel of the bottomless pit; his name in Hebrew is Abaddon, and in Greek he is called Apollyon. The first woe has passed; behold, two woes are still to come. Then the sixth angel blew his trumpet, and I heard a voice from the four horns of the golden altar before God, saying to the sixth angel who had the trumpet, "Release the four angels who are bound at the great river Euphrates." So the four angels were released, who had been held ready for the hour, the day, the month, and the year, to kill a third of mankind. The number of the troops of cavalry was twice ten thousand times ten thousand; I heard their number. And this was how I saw the horses in my vision: the riders wore breastplates the colour of fire and of sapphire and of sulphur, and the heads of the horses were like lions' heads, and fire and smoke and sulphur issued from their mouths. By these three plagues a third of mankind was killed, by the fire and smoke and sulphur issuing from their mouths. For the power of the horses is in their mouths and in their tails; their tails are like serpents, with heads, and by means of them they wound. The rest of mankind, who were not killed by these plagues, did not repent of the works of their hands nor give up worshiping demons and idols of gold and silver and bronze and stone and wood, which cannot either see or hear or walk; nor did they repent of their murders or their sorceries or their immorality or their thefts.
Clearly, the star which fell on earth, is something to take symbolically, for it is written: he (the star) was given the key to the shaft of the bottomless pit. The destructive forces of desert locusts are well known. But here no earthly locusts are described, but locusts like scorpions with a sting. The prick of the sting is not deadly, as with earthly scorpions. The prick of these scorpions has a purpose to torture man (who has not the seal of God on their forehead) during five months. The pain is, however, so fierce that it is like the torture of a scorpion. But now one is not suffering for a few hours followed by death, but the torture will last without the relief of death. No wonder that people will search for death in order to be release from this horrible torture. It seems that suicide was not possible in those days, for in verse 6 states: "and death will fly from them". Woe, woe, woe them who live in those days and have the mark of the earthly powers (the Beast).
The locusts cannot be eradicated looking upon their sizes. Their appearances are like horses arrayed for battle with scales like iron breastplates. Remembering the middle ages, how knights had protected their horses with breastplates and iron shields, and we can images a bit. But let us reading along, these locusts appearing like horses had tails as scorpions and stings. At present we have a good idea how a dinosaur must have looked in the pre-historic times and from the animation film Jurisica Parc. So this description must not surprise us and we can be certain that the description of this locusts in Revelation is accurately. And also REALLY WILL torture man on earth.
At the sixth trumpet, four angels were released, who were bound at the great river Euphrates. Considering that they were bound, we conclude that these angels were not angels of God, but angels of Satan, who were bound by God until then, preventing them from doing evil.
The number of the troops of cavalry was twice ten thousand times ten thousand, so 200,000,000. Looking to the few millions of soldiers who were engaged in the second world war to kill under the guidance of Hitler tenths of millions of Jews and people. We can without question imagine how an army of 200,000,000 is able to kill a third of mankind.
Many are the opinions that we should take these horses with lions' heads and tails like snakes, symbolically. But why should we? For it is God's revelation to John, which describes in human terms what he is seeing. From pre-historic excavations, we have a reasonable view of creature (dragons) which lived long ago. Also with the present animations we are shown similar creatures, especially in science fiction films (like Star Wars). Therefore, take this creature literally as described here in Revelation. These creatures will be released by God on earth during the Great Tribulation.
Despite this very clear warning of God and showing God's Almighty, the people (who remained) do not convert. They continue to worship the idols and the Anti-Christ. What horror for mankind, despite the displaying of God's power, one is no longer able to convert to God.
NOW there is still time, God's Love is visible in the Lord Jesus Christ. And conversion to God is STILL possible, but for how long? Later it is too late, then God's wrath will be inflicted upon those who reject His Love (AGAPE) and God will show His Holiness and Justice. Then it will be revealed what really lives in the heart of man. Rejection now of God's Love in the Lord Jesus Christ by one, then later on during the Great Tribulation one will experience God's anger and wrath.
The word of the LORD came to me: Son of man, set your face toward Gog, of the land of Magog, the chief prince of Meshech and Tubal, and prophesy against him and say, Thus says the Lord GOD: Behold, I am against you, O Gog, chief prince of Meshech and Tubal; and I will turn you about, and put hooks into your jaws, and I will bring you forth, and all your army, horses and horsemen, all of them clothed in full armour, a great company, all of them with buckler and shield, wielding swords; Persia, Cush, and Put are with them, all of them with shield and helmet; Gomer and all his hordes; Bethtogarmah from the uttermost parts of the north with all his hordes--many peoples are with you. Be ready and keep ready, you and all the hosts that are assembled about you, and be a guard for them. After many days you will be mustered; in the latter years you will go against the land that is restored from war, the land where people were gathered from many nations upon the mountains of Israel, which had been a continual waste; its people were brought out from the nations and now dwell securely, all of them. You will advance, coming on like a storm, you will be like a cloud covering the land you and all your hordes, and many peoples with you. Thus says the Lord GOD: On that day, thoughts will come into your mind, and you will devise an evil scheme and say, 'I will go up against the land of unwalled villages; I will fall upon the quiet people who dwell securely, all of them dwelling without walls, and having no bars or gates'; to seize spoil and carry off plunder; to assail the waste places which are now inhabited, and the people who were gathered from the nations, who have gotten cattle and goods, who dwell at the centre of the earth. Sheba and Dedan and the merchants of Tarshish and all its villages will say to you, 'Have you come to seize spoil? Have you assembled your hosts to carry off plunder, to carry away silver and gold, to take away cattle and goods, to seize great spoil?' Therefore, son of man, prophesy, and say to Gog, Thus says the Lord GOD: On that day when my people Israel are dwelling securely, you will bestir yourself and come from your place out of the uttermost parts of the north, you and many peoples with you, all of them riding on horses, a great host, a mighty army; you will come up against my people Israel, like a cloud covering the land. In the latter days I will bring you against my land, that the nations may know me, when through you, O Gog, I vindicate my holiness before their eyes. Thus says the Lord GOD: Are you he of whom I spoke in former days by my servants the prophets of Israel, who in those days prophesied for years that I would bring you against them? But on that day, when Gog shall come against the land of Israel, says the Lord GOD, my wrath will be roused. For in my jealousy and in my blazing wrath I declare, On that day there shall be a great shaking in the land of Israel; the fish of the sea, and the birds of the air, and the beasts of the field, and all creeping things that creep on the ground, and all the men that are upon the face of the earth, shall quake at my presence, and the mountains shall be thrown down, and the cliffs shall fall, and every wall shall tumble to the ground. I will summon every kind of terror against Gog, says the Lord GOD; every man's sword will be against his brother. With pestilence and bloodshed I will enter into judgment with him; and I will rain upon him and his hordes and the many peoples that are with him, torrential rains and hailstones, fire and brimstone. So I will show my greatness and my holiness and make myself known in the eyes of many nations. Then they will know that I am the LORD.
And you, son of man, prophesy against Gog, and say, Thus says the Lord GOD: Behold, I am against you, O Gog, chief prince of Meshech and Tubal; and I will turn you about and drive you forward, and bring you up from the uttermost parts of the north, and lead you against the mountains of Israel; then I will strike your bow from your left hand, and will make your arrows drop out of your right hand. You shall fall upon the mountains of Israel, you and all your hordes and the peoples that are with you; I will give you to birds of prey of every sort and to the wild beasts to be devoured. You shall fall in the open field; for I have spoken, says the Lord GOD. I will send fire on Magog and on those who dwell securely in the coastlands; and they shall know that I am the LORD. And my holy name I will make known in the midst of my people Israel; and I will not let my holy name be profaned any more; and the nations shall know that I am the LORD, the Holy One in Israel. Behold, it is coming and it will be brought about, says the Lord GOD. That is the day of which I have spoken. Then those who dwell in the cities of Israel will go forth and make fires of the weapons and burn them, shields and bucklers, bows and arrows, handpikes and spears, and they will make fires of them for seven years; so that they will not need to take wood out of the field or cut down any out of the forests, for they will make their fires of the weapons; they will despoil those who despoiled them, and plunder those who plundered them, says the Lord GOD. On that day I will give to Gog a place for burial in Israel, the Valley of the Travelers east of the sea; it will block the travelers, for there Gog and all his multitude will be buried; it will be called the Valley of Hamongog. For seven months the house of Israel will be burying them, in order to cleanse the land. All the people of theland will bury them; and it will redound to their honour on the day that I show my glory, says the Lord GOD. They will set apart men to pass through the land continually and bury those remaining upon the face of the land, so as to cleanse it; at the end of seven months they will make their search. And when these pass through the land and any one sees a man's bone, then he shall set up a sign by it, till the buriers have buried it in the Valley of Hamongog (A city Hamonah is there also). Thus shall they cleanse the land. As for you, son of man, thus says the Lord GOD: Speak to the birds of every sort and to all beasts of the field, 'Assemble and come, gather from all sides to the sacrificial feast which I am preparing for you, a great sacrificial feast upon the mountains of Israel, and you shall eat flesh and drink blood. You shall eat the flesh of the mighty, and drink the blood of the princes of the earth--of rams, of lambs, and of goats, of bulls, all of them fatlings of Bashan. And you shall eat fat till you are filled, and drink blood till you are drunk, at the sacrificial feast which I am preparing for you. And you shall be filled at my table with horses and riders, with mighty men and all kinds of warriors,' says the Lord GOD. And I will set my glory among the nations; and all the nations shall see my judgment which I have executed, and my hand which I have laid on them. The house of Israel shall know that I am the LORD their God, from that day forward. And the nations shall know that the house of Israel went into captivity for their iniquity, because they dealt so treacherously with me that I hid my face from them and gave them into the hand of their adversaries, and they all fell by the sword. I dealt with them according to their uncleanness and their transgressions, and hid my face from them. Therefore thus says the Lord GOD: Now I will restore the fortunes of Jacob, and have mercy upon the whole house of Israel; and I will be jealous for my holy name. They shall forget their shame, and all the treachery they have practiced against me, when they dwell securely in their land with none to make them afraid, when I have brought them back from the peoples and gathered them from their enemies' lands, and through them have vindicated my holiness in the sight of many nations. Then they shall know that I am the LORD their God because I sent them into exile among the nations, and then gathered them into their own land. I will leave none of them remaining among the nations any more; and I will not hide my face any more from them, when I pour out my Spirit upon the house of Israel, says the Lord GOD.
Revelation 10 - Seal the seven thunders
Then I saw another mighty angel coming down from heaven, wrapped in a cloud, with a rainbow over his head, and his face was like the sun, and his legs like pillars of fire. He had a little scroll open in his hand. And he set his right foot on the sea, and his left foot on the land, and called out with a loud voice, like a lion roaring; when he called out, the seven thunders sounded. And when the seven thunders had sounded, I was about to write, but I heard a voice from heaven saying, "Seal up what the seven thunders have said, and do not write it down." And the angel whom I saw standing on sea and land lifted up his right hand to heaven and swore by him who lives for ever and ever, who created heaven and what is in it, the earth and what is in it, and the sea and what is in it, that there should be no more delay, but that in the days of the trumpet call to be sounded by the seventh angel, the mystery of God, as he announced to his servants the prophets, should be fulfilled. Then the voice which I had heard from heaven spoke to me again, saying, "Go, take the scroll which is open in the hand of the angel who is standing on the sea and on the land." So I went to the angel and told him to give me the little scroll; and he said to me, "Take it and eat; it will be bitter to your stomach, but sweet as honey in your mouth." And I took the little scroll from the hand of the angel and ate it; it was sweet as honey in my mouth, but when I had eaten it my stomach was made bitter. And I was told, "You must again prophesy about many peoples and nations and tongues and kings".
The angels have a very important task on earth and in heaven, now invisible to man. In the time of the end, during the Great Tribulation their tasks it seems will increase, and perhaps they might become visible to man. In this case, here John saw a strong angel descend from heaven. Previously, John was in visual contact with Heaven, then apparently he was moved to earth, since he saw an angel descending from Heaven. And what a majestic view. The rainbow was over his head, a face like the sun and his legs like pillars of fire.
But then followed something strange. Until now John was allowed to reveal publicly all what was shown to him, but now he must stop writing it down and he must seal it.
We are very curious what it means. How is it possible to seal something which is not written down? Is there a deeper meaning? Is it written down and this record will be found just in the Great Tribulation and then it will be revealed? This could also explain Daniel 12:9: "Go your way, Daniel, for the words are shut up and sealed until the time of the end".
Also Daniel had received the words from God and had to sealed those until the time of the end. Daniel 12:4: Daniel 12:4 "BUT YOU, Daniel, shut up the words, and seal the book, until the time of the end. Many shall run to and fro, and knowledge shall increase." In the time we are living, we may certainly conclude that our knowledge about the time of the end is increasing, such as I hope by the explanations I am giving to clarify things.
Only John and the Lord God know the answers if it is written down and be found and revealed during the Great Tribulation. One thing is sure, it is NOT important for Christian believers, otherwise God would have written it down and would not have it sealed.
Conclusions?
There are yet sealed Bible books, which are not (yet) found and just in the Great Tribulation will be found and revealed. We could think of the Dead Sea scrolls which where just found in 1947, heavy damaged and now with the present science of Infrared and DNA are fixed together. Only after many years, these pieces will be fitted together using DNA techniques (Dead Sea scrolls are written on parchment. Parchment originates from animal skin. The pieces of a parchment page are fitted together to one page on the base of similar DNA structure. So far, one has concluded that one or two page(s) have the same DNA (animal DNA)).
Many will do research. A lot of pre-historic research is done. The hieroglyphics are studied and they confirm the Old Testament cities. The Bible is studied in its original (Hebrew and Greek) languages, this became possible since many old original writings and scrolls are have been rediscovered. And through all this data and modern technical developments of science, technology, space technology and animation films our knowledge increases.
Despite that the church is taken up in the sky at the Coming of Christ, Bibles remain available on earth. Apparently these Bibles are not destroyed by the earthly powers. And these Bibles are read by the one who stay behind.
Those who have not accepted the Lord Jesus Christ as their Saviour (pure church visitors, liberal Sermoners, not living under control of the Holy Spirit?) will stay behind and together (?) with the Jewish people will proclaim the Lord God, His Word the Bible and the Messiah.
The sealed Bible books will be opened in the time of the end, and God's plan will further be revealed to man.
At that time shall arise Michael, the great prince who has charge of your people. And there shall be a time of trouble, such as never has been since there was a nation till that time; but at that time your people shall be delivered, every one whose name shall be found written in the book. And many of those who sleep in the dust of the earth shall awake, some to everlasting life, and some to shame and everlasting contempt. And those who are wise shall shine like the brightness of the firmament; and those who turn many to righteousness, like the stars for ever and ever. But you, Daniel, shut up the words, and seal the book, until the time of the end. Many shall run to and fro, and knowledge shall increase. Then I Daniel looked, and behold, two others stood, one on this bank of the stream and one on that bank of the stream. And I said to the man clothed in linen, who was above the waters of the stream, "How long shall it be till the end of these wonders?" The man clothed in linen, who was above the waters of the stream, raised his right hand and his left hand toward heaven; and I heard him swear by him who lives for ever that it would be for a time, two times, and half a time; and that when the shattering of the power of the holy people comes to an end all these things would be accomplished. I heard, but I did not understand. Then I said, "O my lord, what shall be the issue of these things?" He said, "Go your way, Daniel, for the words are shut up and sealed until the time of the end. Many shall purify themselves, and make themselves white, and be refined; but the wicked shall do wickedly; and none of the wicked shall understand; but those who are wise shall understand. And from the time that the continual burnt offering is taken away, and the abomination that makes desolate is set up, there shall be a thousand two hundred and ninety days. Blessed is he who waits and comes to the thousand three hundred and thirty-five days. But go your way till the end; and you shall rest, and shall stand in your allotted place at the end of the days".
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Can an Expunged Criminal Record Be Made Public?
By Richard Dahl on September 05, 2019 9:07 AM
The word “expungement” has such a tone of uncontestable finality to it.
Or so Daryous Taha thought over the course of the 13 years since a Pennsylvania court ordered the expungement of his arrest record after he spent a night in jail on charges of disorderly conduct.
Then one day a friend told Taha that he’d seen his photograph and arrest information on a website called Mugshots.com.
Launching an investigation, Taha learned that Mugshots.com had gleaned that information from the Bucks County Correctional Facility (where he’d spent that night in jail). The jail had been maintaining an “inmate lookup tool,” or ILT, on the county’s website that included the names and information of 66,799 individuals who had been booked there between 1938 and 2013. It also included the booking mug shots of about 47,000 of them.
Taha responded by filing a class-action lawsuit, and on May 28 of this year a federal jury awarded $68 million to the plaintiffs after finding that the county willfully violated state law in posting the information.
Expungement Doesn’t Necessarily Mean Erasure
But the question remains: How can arrest information or criminal information surface again after it’s been expunged?
The answer is that expungement doesn’t necessarily mean that it’s been erased.
It means that if a court grants the expungement of a criminal record, you could say “no” if a judge or an employer later asks if you were ever convicted of a crime. However, it has never meant that the record is removed from criminal databases.
The problem is that now, in the Digital Age, the likelihood that that record might be pulled out and made public has been greatly heightened.
Professor Jenny Roberts of the American University Washington College of Law points out that the Internet has changed everything in the last couple of decades. “A common practical critique of sealing and expungement laws is that they are essentially useless in our current information environment,” she wrote in the Wisconsin Law Review. “Once information is released, it is disseminated into the digital world in so many potential venues that a person can never fully ‘expunge’ anything.”
Criminal Background Data and the Marketplace
There is heavy demand for criminal background information. A growing number of services are providing criminal background checks of job candidates and tenants for employers and landlords, but others who seek the information are “Mugshot” type websites who post the photos and information for free and then charge fees (usually $399) to remove expunged information.
If it sounds like extortion, you’re not alone. California’s attorney general, Xavier Becerra does too, and in May he filed extortion and money laundering charges against the website’s owners.
These websites have managed to continue operating on First Amendment grounds, which is apparently why Taha dropped Mugshots.com as a defendant in his Pennsylvania lawsuit. The liable party there was Bucks County – not because the criminal records (including expungements) existed, but because the county went too far in making them public. Specifically, Judge Wendy Beetlestone found that the defendant had “willfully” violated a state law requiring that “(o)nly state or local police departments shall disseminate criminal history record information to noncriminal justice agencies and individuals.”
People disagree on how much protection should be given to people on criminal databases, even if they have an expunged record. On one side, more than 20 states are adding or expanding laws to help people move on from their transgressions by being able to expunge their records, among other things.
But on the other side, many prosecutors and judges don’t think lawbreakers should easily get a clean slate. And neither do websites like Mugshots.com.
Meanwhile, if you have a criminal matter in your past you’d like to expunge, check what the laws are in your state. But if your record has been expunged, there’s no guarantee it won’t pop up someday on a website where you’ll need to expunge it a second time—for a fee.
The Expungement Process (FindLaw’s Learn About the Law)
When Must You Disclose an Expungement? (FindLaw’s Blotter)
Expungement Eligibility (FindLaw’s Learn About the Law)
What’s the Difference Between Expunged vs. Sealed Records? (FindLaw’s Learn About the Law)
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Women’s freedom of movement and participation in psychosocial support groups: qualitative study in northern India
Nicola Gailits ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-1409-94491,
Kaaren Mathias2,
Elysée Nouvet3,
Pooja Pillai2 &
Lisa Schwartz4
BMC Public Health volume 19, Article number: 725 (2019) Cite this article
Depression, the world’s leading cause of disability, disproportionately affects women. Women in India, one of the most gender unequal countries worldwide, face systemic gender disadvantage that significantly increases the risk of common mental disorders. This study’s objective was to examine the factors influencing women’s participation in psychosocial support groups, within an approach where community members work together to collectively strengthen their community’s mental health.
This community-based qualitative study was conducted from May to July 2016, across three peri-urban sites in Dehradun district, Uttarakhand, Northern India. Set within an NGO-run mental health project, data were collected through focus group discussions with individuals involved in psychosocial support groups including women with psychosocial disabilities as well as caregivers (N = 10, representing 59 women), and key informant interviews (N = 8) with community members and mental health professionals. Data were analyzed using a thematic analysis approach.
The principal barrier to participating in psychosocial support groups was restrictions on women’s freedom of movement. Women in the community are not normally permitted to leave home, unless going to market or work, making it difficult for women to leave their home to participate in the groups. The restrictions emanated from the overall community’s attitude toward gender relations, the women’s own internalized gender expectations, and most significantly, the decision-making power of husbands and mothers-in-law. Other factors including employment and education shaped women’s ability to participate in psychosocial support groups; however, the role of these additional factors must be understood in connection to a gender order limiting women’s freedom of movement.
Mental health access and gender inequality are inseparable in the context of Northern India, and women’s mental health cannot be addressed without first addressing underlying gender relations. Community-based mental health programs are an effective tool and can be used to strengthen communities collectively; however, attention towards the gender constraints that restrict women’s freedom of movement and their ability to access care is required. To our knowledge, this is the first study to clearly document and analyze the connection between access to community mental health services in South Asia and women’s freedom of movement.
Indian women’s mental health, gender inequality, and access to care
Major depression is the leading cause of disability worldwide [1], with mental, neurological and substance use disorders accounting for 10.4% of global DALYs [2]. Within India, a meta-analysis revealed that mental and behavioural disorders have a prevalence of 8.9% [3], while the prevalence of depression in a study in urban South India was 15.1% [4]. For women, the worldwide burden of depression is 50% higher than for men [5].
India is one of the least gender equal countries in the world: the Global Gender Gap report placed India in 87th place worldwide, and even lower in economic participation and opportunity (136th) and health and survival (142nd), out of 144 countries [6]. For Indian women, there are culturally specific and socio-economic causes for depression that must be examined in the context of gender inequality. The rigid and traditional roles women have in Indian culture restrict their agency and lower their social status [7]. A study examining gender and health disparities in South Asia emphasized how South Asian women are often excluded from decision-making and have little control over resources [8]. The study’s authors state that Indian women are often undervalued because they are not seen as “making a visible economic contribution” to their household [8]. Gender inequality in India impacts both women’s experience of mental health and options to access health care. Women are less likely to seek out proper care for diseases [8], even though, as in the case of depression, they are disproportionately affected and many experience the “double burden of gender disadvantage and poverty” [9]. In response to high levels of distress, interventions focused on the provision of social support for Indian women have been shown to improve their mental health [7, 10].
While depression is a leading cause of disease burden in India [11], 90% of the Indian population with mental health problems cannot access evidence-based mental health services [12]. In the Northern state of Uttarakhand, a cross-sectional study of individuals with depression demonstrated a complete lack of access to talk therapy, and only 3% of people with depression had accessed anti-depressants [13]. This context of a high treatment gap and few mental health resources suggests the importance of alternative responses: community-based mental health care can provide an effective response in low resources settings, as it is less costly, does not require mental health professionals and can be contextually acceptable to the community [14, 15]. Recent task-shifting models have demonstrated the effectiveness of using non-specialized workers in the provision of mental health care [15]. In light of the need to support community mental health (CMH) models, this study was framed within a CMH theoretical framework.
Theoretical framework: CMH competence
Campbell and Burgess [16] advocate for the importance of building CMH Competence, defined as: “the ability of community members to work collectively to facilitate more effective prevention, care, treatment and advocacy” for mental health. Under their definition, being able to cope in difficult conditions requires access to political, economic, or psychological resources [17]. In low resource settings, these resources may not be available and therefore coping with life stresses becomes increasingly difficult, and eventually impacts health status. Their community mental health competency framework highlights the ability of communities themselves to increase health-promoting behaviours and decrease stress [17]. This framework includes three core dimensions: knowledge, safe social spaces, and partnerships for action [18]. Knowledge includes recognizing symptoms and accessing services, while safe social spaces focus on discussion and social inclusion in the community. Partnerships and collective action examines relationship formation, health-promoting behaviours, and collective action for mental health [19].
Psychosocial support group (PSSG) interventions
One application of CMH Competence is community-based psychosocial support groups (PSSGs) as one way to increase social support and reduce depressive symptoms [20,21,22,23,24], while building on community resources for care. The majority of studies providing PSSG or PSSG-like interventions primarily worked with populations living with HIV, mostly in the African context [20,21,22,23, 25]. In the this context, PSSGs have provided women with emotional assistance and coping [26], and improved mental and physical health, including reducing depression and increasing functionality [20,21,22].
However, very few studies have examined PSSGs in the Indian context. One study with injecting drug use widows in Eastern India used participatory action groups to promote mental health and reduce risky HIV behaviours [23]. After 10 sessions, the proportion of women experiencing a common mental disorder decreased from 70 to 42% [23]. Another study, conducted in Southern India, combined a mental health intervention with a microcredit economic activity and found a reduction of psychological symptoms and increases in social support [27]. In Pakistan, a South Asian country where women have similarly low levels of autonomy [28], two randomized control trials found PSSGs to be beneficial: one 6-week social support intervention found women improved their mental health and resilience [29], and one 5-week Group PM+ intervention found significant improvements in anxiety, depression, and psychological wellbeing [30].
While these studies advance understanding on the potential impact of PSSGs for South Asian women’s mental health, only one study included any mention of participation barriers. The Group PM+ intervention found three barriers to participation: session time length (2 hours was too long to be away from home), monetary compensation (no compensation meant less motivation to attend), and confidentiality (having two family members from same household limited participation) [30]. Besides this mention, no study has examined factors that influence participation in PSSGs in the South Asian context, and this represents a clear gap in the literature.
Understanding the factors that influence women’s participation in PSSGs is important for two reasons. Given the high mental health treatment gap with minimal access to mental health services in Northern India, for a community-based service such as PSSGs that does exist, it is important to understand how to enable more women and communities to participate fully. This becomes even more crucial in the context of high levels of gender inequality that inhibit women’s access to healthcare.
This study was partnered with the non-governmental organization (NGO) Emmanuel Hospital Association and their mental health project, Burans. In 2014, Burans began running women’s psychosocial support groups (PSSGs), alongside other community interventions including community awareness building, and individual counseling. This study was part of a larger research project examining successes and challenges of building CMH competence in Dehradun district, Uttarakhand (Northern India).
This study’s initial objective was to examine the successes and challenges of women’s PSSGs, and ways PSSGs worked to build CMH competence. Women participants in PSSGs included those with personal experience of mental health problems as well as female caregivers who, in this context, experience psychological and social distress that is not experienced by male caregivers [31].
However, during the research process, it became apparent that there were significant challenges for women in the community to access and participate in the support groups in the first place. As such, the study’s objective shifted towards examining the complex factors influencing North Indian women’s participation in PSSGs, all within an overall objective of building CMH competence.
As stated above, no previous studies have examined women’s motivations and barriers to participating in psychosocial support groups in South Asia. Outside of this specific intervention, it is important to note that there is a general paucity of mental health research from Northern India. The majority of Indian mental health research emerges from Southern states, with uncertain transferability to Northern India [32]. This research becomes even more important when considering that women in Northern India are more disadvantaged than those from Southern regions; they experience more restrictions on their autonomy and freedom of movement, and have fewer inheritance rights [28].
This community-based qualitative study aimed to build on the community’s strengths and resources and generate research relevant to community members. Key methods of data collection included focus group discussions (FGDs) and key informant interviews (KIIs).
Setting and intervention
PSSGs involve hour-long meetings of 5–10 women every 2 weeks. Their aim is to collectively learn about mental health concepts and self-care as well as to provide a safe space to share experiences, strengthen relationships and networks in the community, and create opportunities for social support. Groups were formed by Burans’ community health workers (CHWs) trained in mental health knowledge, group facilitation, and counselling skills. CHWs invited women in neighbouring communities to join the group. They facilitated a nine-module curriculum in the form of a flipchart, covering topics including positive thinking, tension, resilience, depression, sleep, and how to take action on your mental health for yourself and your community. There were separate groups for people with mental and psychosocial disability (PPSD), and women who are caregivers of PPSD. PPSD is the preferred term in the community, and can be defined as “people who have received a mental health diagnosis, and who have experienced negative social factors including stigma and discrimination and exclusion” [33]. PPSD support group participants were limited to those with common mental disorders.
Burans runs PSSGs across three diverse sites in the Dehradun district of Uttarakhand: Mussoorie, Dehradun, and Sahaspur. Mussoorie is located in a mountainous region, where women were predominantly Hindu. In urban Dehradun, women were more often employed, some working seasonally for 6 months of the year as brick makers, and were a mix of Hindu and Muslim faith traditions. The third site, Sahaspur, was a peri-urban village area located on the plains outside of Dehradun, and women were predominantly Muslim and unemployed. Table 1 provides an overview of the demographics in the study area, and shows several clear indicators of structural gender disparity in the sex ratio at birth and difference in literacy rates between men and women.
Table 1 Socio-Demographic Profile of the Study District
Sampling and inclusion
Given that the study was examining an intervention, total population sampling was used. Using this particular type of purposeful sampling means that the sample size included all psychosocial support groups run by Burans. The majority of these groups had been active at least 6 months and could therefore better reflect on the impact of participating in the support group. Within PSSGs, individual inclusion criteria included: Hindi-speaking women impacted by common mental disorders either personally or as a caregiver of a family member, and capable of giving consent. A mix of caregiver and PPSD groups were included. Additionally, KIIs were conducted to get a better understanding of the local mental health context. KIIs included Burans staff members, CHWs, a psychiatrist, a mental health nurse, a counsellor, and a PSSG group leader. KIIs included adults over 18, who spoke either Hindi or English.
In total, ten FGDs were conducted over two rounds with seven unique PSSGs, representing 59 women. In developing questions to guide the FGDs, the order, wording, and potential cultural sensitivity of certain topics was taken into account (see full guides in Additional files 1 and 2). Most importantly, the guides were developed in dialogue with local partners, in order to ensure that questions posed were culturally appropriate and suitable for limited literacy adults. The initial FGD guide explored 10 questions related to PSSG impact, success factors, collective mental health action as a result of PSSGs, future PSSG formation improvements, as well as long term sustainability of groups. A first round of FGD questions were chosen based on the CMH Competence framework, and the need to examine the successfulness of the PSSGs in order to strengthen future support groups.
Even though we came into the study ready to explore the successfulness and future sustainability of PSSGs in the community, after analyzing data from the first round of FGDs, it became apparent that many women in the community had significant difficulties being able to leave their home to attend the support group. It was at this point that the study’s focus shifted to a more important research question: “why were some women unable to participate in the PSSGs, and what other factors were enabling or preventing their participation?” As such, we conducted a second round of FGDs in order to deepen understanding on this central theme: women’s freedom of movement.
Participation in FGDs was voluntary. After gathering the women together, PP explained that the purpose of the study was to understand any positive or negative impacts of participating in the PSSGs, with an overarching objective of learning from participants. As individuals experiencing the program first hand, this could also be seen as an opportunity to benefit from program improvements or support sustainability. After the study was explained and any questions were answered to the entire group, each woman in attendance was provided with the opportunity to orally consent or not, to participation in the study. Since women were not normally paid to attend PSSGs, monetary compensation was deemed inappropriate for participants by the director of Burans. However, food and beverages were provided as curtesy for their time. FGDs were audio-recorded, and lasted from 45 to 70 min. PP facilitated the FGDs in Hindi while NG noted the group’s atmosphere, and non-verbal responses. After each FGD, NG and PP recorded a debrief session to brainstorm major themes and improve the research process. The recordings were later written into memos, significantly aiding the analysis process. After the first round of seven FGDs, NG and PP returned to three of the support groups for a second round of FGDs, in order to gain further information specific to the main preliminary finding on women’s inability to leave the home.
Eight KIIs were also conducted, some in English and some in Hindi, to provide further context on community mental health awareness and gender roles (see Additional file 3 for KII guide). Participants were asked questions about women’s independence in the community context, PSSGs’ ability to initiate collective action, successful PSSG formation process, and PSSG sustainability.
Data was translated and transcribed from Hindi to English, checked for accuracy, and anonymized. Thematic analysis as outlined by Braun and Clarke [38] was used with the support of QSR Nvivo 11 software. After the first round of FGDs, there was a preliminary analysis stage where PP and NG separately coded four transcripts (mix of KII and FGD), developing preliminary codebooks. These codebooks were compared, and consensus was reached on differences for the naming and inclusion of key emerging themes, with a third analyst familiar with the local setting, KM, providing additional insight for this stage of the analysis.
After round two of FGDs, an initial concept map emerged, outlining the key themes and their interconnectivity. NG then coded the rest of the data, ensuring each transcript was read at least twice. All data was coded, and themes were found to be consistent across both KIIs and FGDs. Once coding was complete NG, LS and EN further analysed the data’s themes, and developed the concept map.
Both inductive and deductive coding were used with the most pertinent codes emerging inductively. Nvivo 11’s memos were used significantly: for each FGD or KII, one memo provided context for the data from the transcribed debrief that had occurred directly after each FGD. A second memo was written as data was coded, to brainstorm and describe main themes emerging from the data.
We identified several factors that impacted women’s participation in psychosocial support groups. These factors emerged as different yet inextricably connected spheres in women’s lives: at the community, household, and individual levels. All factors indicated the significance of uneven gender relations, and related to a main factor: freedom of movement, or women’s autonomy to leave the home in order to attend PSSGs. Therefore, women’s freedom of movement emerged as the central gatekeeper for women’s participation in PSSGs (see Fig. 1). In what follows, we describe each participation factor through the lens of this primary influence.
Factors Influencing Psychosocial Support Group Participation
Examination of the demographics of women participating in PSSGs showed that older women (40–60 years old) were more often uneducated, and the younger women (20–30 years old) had often completed primary or high school. Two-thirds of participants had been to school at varying levels, whereas one third had never been to school (see Table 2 for complete demographics).
Table 2 Demographics of Psychosocial Support Groups Involved in FGDs
Community level factors
Community attitudes to freedom of movement
Both KII and FGD participants described traditional gender relations, for example, that a woman’s role is mainly to cook and remain at home while men are permitted to go out and return home when they desire. Generally, the hierarchy commonly accepted in the community is that men decide when and where women are allowed to go. Women stated that they are questioned if they leave home, as most participants did not work outside the house. When women joined the support group, some believed that they were going against the community’s role for women.
Participants described the male dominated society in India as a reason for the restriction of women’s freedom of movement. One male interviewed shared that often men in his community blame their own father or mother for the reason their wife cannot leave the house, when it is they themselves who feel their wives should not leave. For example, one woman’s son did not allow her to leave the house after her husband passed away because he thought people would be suspicious of what she was doing. More generally, according to participants, families do not like women to leave the home unless it is with a purpose they deem admissible. It is particularly difficult for a woman to leave the house for the first time because family members question why she is now suddenly leaving the home.
Group Member (GM): “First we will have to seek permission from our husband, if he allows us to go.”
Community Health Worker (CHW): “People feel bad and do not like it. They say that women used to stay at home and now these people are taking her out (Logon ko accha nahi lagta hai. Pehle auratein ghar pe hi rehti thi. Ab yeh log unko ghar se bahar le jathe hai).” [Here, when the CHW says “these people are taking her out,” she is referring to the Burans staff members and their encouragement of women to participate in the community’s PSSGs, despite other community members’ disapproval.]
In terms of the broader community, women participating in FGDs stated that some community members diminish women who join the support groups. They are suspicious of women leaving home, and question why they are getting together in groups. This makes it difficult for some women to participate in PSSGs. Below, one woman told stories of being followed when she was outside the home. Another described how families judge whether or not their daughter or wife should leave the house based on what their neighbours or other community members are doing.
GM: “Even if we go to temple, from there they follow us. That’s why we feel scared in coming out. This is how it is in our community.”
Facilitator: “Who are the ones stopping women from coming out of the home?”
CHW: “In my opinion they are the father and mother-in-law. They are old and in that age, they think that if another person’s daughter-in-law doesn’t go, then how come our daughter in law can go out to purchase goods? They always compare with others in their life.”
These restrictions on women’s movement have important impacts on the women’s lives, including their health, and the lack of ownership they feel over their health. One mental health professional interviewed explained that if a woman needs to go to the doctor for example, her husband must suggest it and would need to accompany her. Nevertheless, some women in the community persisted, attending the support groups and challenging these norms.
Additionally, participants highlighted the contribution of different religious traditions as a factor that influences women’s freedom of movement. All respondents agreed that it is more difficult for women from Muslim families to leave their homes in comparison to those in Hindu households, although both communities experienced restricted freedom of movement.
Overall, while the community’s norms for women’s freedom of movement are important, the actual restrictions or decisions were mediated through family members. However, women have also internalized the community’s gender norms: therefore, “not allowed to leave” has several meanings, in that some women described feeling bad for leaving the home. Violence was not mentioned, and while it seemed that women were rarely physically restrained from leaving the house, their perception was of an external force prescribing behaviour. The next section on household level factors discusses the direct role of specific family members in deciding whether women are permitted to leave the home.
Community mental health awareness
Before Burans came to the communities, many community members did not know that mental health or illness existed. Alongside PSSGs, Burans has been conducting awareness meetings with community members as well as religious and political leaders. Women explained that community members often refer to PPSDs as paagal, (mad or crazy); they told stories of being mocked in their community, and how some PPSDs are excluded from community events. Some women described how they have not told the community what they are doing in the support groups and that community members around them do not know what their groups are about.
Mental health stigma within the community may make it even more difficult for women to leave the house, as some participants believed that attending a PSSG might not be a valid reason for leaving the house. Even if the benefits of the group are explained, it was suggested that families may only want financial, not intellectual benefits to come from participation in a women’s group, since most families are lower income and need to prioritize household income opportunities. As a result, community members believe that the women are wasting time and not helping their household financially, as stated below:
CHW: “They only think that it is something to 'pass the time' because they want some support for their family if the woman goes out of the house.” [Here, “support” refers to financial support]
Household level factors
Attendance conditional on family support
As stated above, participants indicated that the family held the ultimate decision-making power on whether a woman was permitted to go out or not, and therefore, whether or not she could participate in the PSSGs. The mothers-in-law or husbands were described as the primary decision maker. Those living in joint families with other elders found it more difficult to leave when elder women were present. Participants shared that for a woman to leave home, other family members may need to help with housework. Some families were unaware that women in their family were attending PSSGs. When asked how to help women attend PSSGs, the majority of participants emphasized that engaging the family is the most important approach.
In terms of restrictions to attend PSSGs, one group member commented:
GM: “My own sister couldn’t come because her husband was not allowing her to.”
Some women admitted to having trouble getting permission from family to leave the home, and even lying to their families in some cases. In order to attend, these group members made excuses of needing to buy something at the market and then they came to the meeting instead. It was apparent that resisting the community’s attitudes was difficult, however, some women saw the value in the PSSGs, and went to great lengths to attend.
GM4/GM5 together: “Our family always has problems. They really wish that we would not go to the meetings.”
GM4: “They tell us not to go.”
GM5: “We like it, so we come.”
Individual level factors
An individual is part of a household, and every household exists within a community. The factors below shape the role individual women play in the household and the power she holds to make decisions. These decisions are validated or rejected by the community, based on the attitudes present. Therefore, these individual level factors often cannot be disentangled from the household and community factors. This section will begin with the most impactful participation factors within the individual level: employment and education.
Employment and income contribution
The possibility of leaving the house and participating in PSSGs was influenced significantly by whether a woman was employed, since for women who do work, their families were used to them going out. Some group members who were in paid employment said that they stayed out all day for work, and attended the support group at some point during the day. Therefore, for employed women, participation was much easier.
Education was revealed to be an extremely important factor impacting participation, both in ability to attend the group and ability to contribute and participate. The more educated women in the groups tended to be younger women. Education and employment were intricately linked: similar to those employed, those with higher education levels participated more often and more confidently within the groups, were able to see the benefits of the groups easier, and had more ease in leaving the home to attend the group. One CHW said that initially, families never used to let women out but now more and more, and with increased education, their children are able to go out.
Seeing the benefits
Group members explained that it was only after experiencing the benefits of the PSSGs that they were able to see how important the support groups were and how they affected their mental health. Only then could they be able to advocate for more PSSGs in the community. This was one of the only themes that emerged that was not related directly to women’s freedom of movement. At the individual and family level, seeing the benefits was important to help enable and motivate women to attend the group. Participants stated that only once other women see the group’s benefits will they come out of their homes. They suggested that if women or program leaders explained the benefits to her own family, or other women and their families, it may help increase participation, as described below:
CHW: “The main thing is when the woman comes to the group, she should know the truth about the support group as to what is the purpose of the group. The woman should know the benefits of the group, what she can achieve and where she can take herself through the support group. I believe that women can speak with their parent in laws once they understand all these things about the group.”
Generally, women in the community do not travel far from home unaccompanied. According to participants, some women can travel to the market alone, and those who have jobs, may be able to travel greater distances. Distance appeared to be a factor determining whether women will be able to attend PSSGs. For this reason, PSSGs are hosted near women’s homes, normally in a member’s house who lives near others.
Interviewer: "Are women allowed to go to Dehradun [a nearby city], or are their movements restricted to the village?
CHW: Many women do go to the hospital or the market. Some of them need someone to accompany them as they cannot go out on their own. Now that they are a part of the support group, they think they need to come out of their homes. The families' mentality is changing (parivar ki mansikta badal rahi hai), but it is difficult as knowledge is limited."
Personal determination
Lastly, women’s determination to leave the home impacted participation. Group members interviewed stated that women must have a personal drive to leave the house. One CHW explained that for a woman who has never been outside her home, the biggest hurdle is making the first step to leave. Some group members interviewed spoke of their very strong self-determination, which they believe helped them to be able to leave the home to participate. Participants described the possibility for women to show agency and to resist the gender order that limited their movement, as described below:
GM: “It depends on us. If we make a decision to do something, then not just family, even an outsider cannot say anything. First our spirits should be high (apne hausle buland hone chahiye). If we keep thinking ourselves that they will not allow us, they will interfere. But, if we said once that, we have to go, then we have to go. We have to strengthen ourselves first.”
However, it is difficult to separate women’s determination to leave home from the community’s gender norms. Gender roles may be internalized to the point where women may not give themselves permission to leave, and determination may be influenced by tacit or conscious calculation of social, marital, or physical consequences should they act outside expected gender norms.
This research examined factors affecting women’s participation in psychosocial support groups in Northern India. Restrictions on women’s freedom of movement emerged as the most dominant barrier to PSSG participation. This barrier directly related to the community’s normative and unequal gender relations. The CMH Competence framework describes how communities in low resource settings can work together to achieve better prevention, care, and treatment for mental health [16] and underlines how a “powerlessness or a ‘lack of control over destiny’ severely undermines the health of people in chronically marginalised or demanding situations” [17]. This study demonstrates how building CMH Competence must start with a deeper understanding of power relations and how all members of the community, including women, can exercise autonomy to improve their mental health.
Women’s freedom of movement
Restrictions on women’s freedom of movement is prevalent throughout India: India’s National Family Health Survey found that “only one-third of women age 15-49 are allowed to go alone to the market, to the health centre, and outside the community” [39], and another study found that 71% of Indian women have to ask for permission to leave the home [40]. Our study focused on the link between women’s mobility and access to health. While this has been confirmed by other studies in India [32, 39,40,41], few have been qualitative studies, and no other studies have looked at mobility and mental health. Other research in India has examined the link between gender disadvantage more broadly and rates of common mental disorders [9], as well as how gender impacts the determinants of mental health such as access to resources and social roles [42].
A recent systematic review in LMICs found that low levels of autonomy for women (including freedom of movement) were associated with poorer mental and physical health, and that this is possibly mediated through key determinants of health, including limited access to health services and education [43]. Our findings build on this idea, as it became clear that restrictions to women’s freedom of movement was a barrier to support group participation, and therefore limited women’s access to health and health education in the community. A maternal health care study in Northern India found that one of the most important factors for healthcare utilization is the ability for women “to go where they wish, when they wish,” and not only for them to be able to leave the home alone [32]. Some women in our study were allowed out of the home alone but were not given permission to go where they wanted. Considering access to mental health services is already difficult in India [12], understanding the nuanced dimensions of women’s freedom of movement and its link to building mentally healthy communities is critical.
Our study contributes key information on why family members restrict women’s movements and how some women, but not others, may leave the home to participate in PSSGs. For some women, their desire to participate in the support groups pushed them to find a way to leave the home, in some cases by lying to their family about where they were going. This secretive method of leaving the home is not sustainable or safe long term, however it underlines the importance of the groups in the women’s lives. In order to form communities that work together to become stronger, mental health must be discussed within households and across communities.
The above finding on women hiding their PSSG participation highlights the importance of community mental health knowledge, in order for families to understand the value of allowing women to learn about and strengthen their mental health. Therefore, our findings highlight the importance of pairing PSSGs with community mental health awareness and knowledge programs. Currently, Burans undertakes informal “corner meetings,” with the two-fold purpose of providing an opportunity for the community to build trust with Burans team members as well as to strengthen mental health knowledge in the community. The horizontal dialogue method used (as opposed to the more vertical and didactic approaches that are commonly used by health workers in India) led to a para-social interaction that supported learning, and provided opportunity for community members to develop new thought patterns and behaviours [44]. The next step to further increase mental health awareness could be to support dialogue between PSSGs and community members attending other programs.
Women’s education and employment
Other key PSSG participation factors included the impact of education and employment, two important social determinants of health. Women with higher levels of education participated more actively within the groups, underlining that education provides an opportunity to build both social and communication skills. A study in Dehradun district, Uttarakhand, reported a strong correlation between reduced years of schooling and increased risk of depression [13], and the importance of education as a mental health determinant has been well described [45, 46]. The group participants with more education also reported greater opportunities for employment, thus proposing that one of the mediating pathways to protect from mental ill health is with increased education.
Our study found that employment outside the home gave women permission to leave the house. As such, there is a need to experiment with CMH program models that could, in a potentially more culturally acceptable manner, provide women with more freedom of movement, which, in turn, can facilitate access to community health resources including PSSGs. One solution would be to pair PSSGs with a microfinancing program, as one mental health program in India has done [27]. A combined intervention could allow women to collectively save money as a group, learn about banking and saving, and increase financial inclusion while gaining the benefits of the PSSG. We described this model to participants in the second round of FGDs, and women believed this addition could improve household income and women’s mental health while providing a more valid reason for women to leave the house.
Starting with communities: policy support for CMH competence
In the context of North Indian gender relations, it is important for policies and programs increasing women’s agency to be community-based. This is because individual-level programs for empowerment may be in conflict between “women’s new capacities for independent control and decision-making and the patriarchal cultural norms of their families and societies” [41]. This means that CMH Competence must be built across the entire community and supported by all community members. Initiatives focused solely on the individual “could result in negative or unintended outcomes for women” [41], for example, in cases where family members are not aware of the purpose of PSSGs.
The individual, household, and the community levels are intrinsically linked, and policy making in the area of women’s mental health needs to consider “evidence-based community, group and individual interventions targeting empowerment of women” [42]. PSSGs provide one such example, as they work at the community level, however, they impact gender relations and mental health stigma at the individual, household, and community levels. Although PSSGs were run by a local organization, NGOs themselves are rarely able to scale up services to provide wide coverage [47]. Therefore, funding for these community level initiatives must be prioritized at the state and national mental health budget levels.
Gender relations: forefront of CMH programs
Community level programs addressing mental health must pay close attention to gender relations in order to optimize program participation. In the case of Northern India, it is clear that women’s autonomy is of paramount importance in enabling women to assemble collectively. In order to achieve this, Jejeebhoy and Sathar [28] suggest impacting women’s autonomy directly through various approaches including: “raising women’s gender consciousness, enabling women to mobilize and access community resources and public services, providing support for challenging traditional norms that underlie gender inequities, facilitating the acquisition of usable vocational and life skills, enhancing women’s access to and control over economic resources, and enabling women to establish and realize their rights.” The PSSGs set up by Burans begin to address each of these aforementioned areas, and therefore directly impact women’s autonomy, and their participation in community programs. Lastly, it is important for community mental health programs to incorporate other determinants of health including education, employment, and mental health awareness.
At the same time, the individual women themselves cannot be forgotten. For those who fought to access PSSGs, not only did their mental health improve and their confidence increase, but the women began sharing their mental health knowledge and referring community members for care (see our forthcoming publication on PSSG impact). As this individual-level knowledge sharing and service referral increases, community-level changes will increase mental health awareness, and build CMH competence over time. In turn, this may create a more supportive environment for women to attend PSSGs. However, this feedback loop emphasizes the importance of targeting women’s freedom of movement. If women cannot leave the home to participate in the support groups, this disables their opportunity to strengthen their own as well as the community’s mental health. As one group member shared:
GM: “How will we share [what we have learned] with anyone when we don’t go out?”
This study summarizes its approach to rigour in four main areas: credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability [48]. One important way of increasing credibility is by building trust with participants. Because the study was embedded within the NGO and the support group’s CHW was present during FGDs, it provided a familiar environment to the women. PP and NG met each group two to three times in order to build trust to the point where the women opened up about what was preventing them from participating in the groups (this meant groups were visited even before the first FGD). Given the sensitive nature of some questions, approaching the women through the team members of a host organization they already knew well was deemed most appropriate. While there was a risk of social desirability bias when employees from the mental health program itself were involved in the FGDs, it is likely that the presence of community workers known to group participants supported more engaged and honest responses than had the lead author and an unfamiliar translator conducted the FGDs alone. However, it is important to highlight that this presence may have created gaps in the data related to aspects of the interventions on which the women did not feel comfortable commenting. Credibility was further strengthened by completing two rounds of FGDs, and using four types of triangulation: methodological triangulation (FGDs and KIIs), investigator triangulation (NG, KM, and PP), data triangulation (community members, psychiatrists, etc), and environmental triangulation (three separate sites). Investigator triangulation built consensus between researchers, while methodological, data, and environmental triangulation increased the corroboration of findings as the same themes appeared across different research sites, types of participants, and interview methods. For example, a KII with a male community leader revealed the same restriction on women’s freedom of movement that was declared in FGDs by the women themselves participating in PSSGs.
There was no non-response or refusal to participate by participants, although some women participated in the discussion more than others. We reiterated several times how participation was voluntary. Overall, the women participated enthusiastically. At the same time, this study has limitations due to its sampling, whereby, all women in FGDs were part of PSSGs; however, the perspectives of women outside of PSSGs were not included, meaning that the perspectives of women who could not participate in PSSG are not presented. This an important limitation for the study, as there may be other factors restricting PSSG participation, for example, types of mobility or accessibility barriers, of which we are unaware. However, accessing women with limited ability to leave their household and few connections to community programs may prove challenging. There is therefore a need for further study to be done, to engage women in the community who it may be difficult to reach, and examine the breadth of reasons for non-attendance to PSSGs. Lastly, the inclusion of male voices in the community would be an important area for further research to uncover the community’s attitudes around freedom of movement from within the household.
To be able to examine transferability to other contexts, this study used thick description in the form of notes on research context and process (oral and written records). Although some of the findings may be applicable to other community based mental health programs in South Asia, the context of Northern India is unique and therefore generalizations from this research should be examined alongside context descriptions. Lastly, dependability and confirmability was addressed by using reflexivity journals, audio recordings, and notes on research process. After each FGD and KII, NG and PP recorded an audio on their initial thoughts and any need for small improvements to the research process. This ensured that a paper trail detailed the research process, any changes made, and their justification (ex. better ways of phrasing questions). In terms of dependability, reflexivity allowed the researcher’s values and assumptions to be clearly stated, in order to better understand their impact on the interpretation of findings.
Not only are mental health and gender inequality inseparable in the North Indian context, but women’s mental health cannot be addressed without first addressing underlying gender relations and norms that define socially acceptable activities for women outside the home. This study demonstrated that women’s freedom of movement was the most dominant factor restricting women’s access to community-based psychosocial support groups. However, our findings also spoke to the creative ways women showed agency despite the social obstacles that thwarted them, using strategies to leave home and assemble, which ultimately had beneficial consequences for them. In order for communities to grow and heal together while gaining new knowledge, women’s control over their movements is essential. Women’s autonomy as an essential component of CMH competence must be further studied, in order to enable community workers and the women they support to engage in effective interventions and to advocate for greater access to care and treatment in the community. To our knowledge, this is the first study to clearly document and analyze the connection between women’s freedom of movement and access to community mental health services in South Asia. Overall, policies prioritizing freedom of movement and gender equality may be more important for women’s mental health in this context than those focused on mental health service provision. To ensure all women can access mental health services, attention to the gender order that restricts women’s freedom of movement and their ability to access care is required.
CHW:
CMH:
Community Mental Health
FGD:
KII:
Key Informant Interview
PPSD:
Persons with Psychosocial Disability
PSSG:
Psychosocial Support Group
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The authors would like to thank the entire Burans team and staff who supported this research, and all the women who dedicated their time to speak to us.
The datasets generated and analysed during the current study are not publicly available due to the nature of the study questions and the small size of the communities involved, but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. Given that all PSSGs were sampled, and there are only seven PSSGs in the three communities, even with anonymized data, women could be identified and there could be risks to women’s safety based on the discussions of their inability to leave their homes.
Funding was provided by the Queen Elizabeth Scholarship, Louis Minden Scholarship, and Emmanuel Hospital Association. The funding agencies had no role in the study design; in the collection, analysis, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; or in the decision to submit the report for publication.
Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College St., Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1P8, Canada
Nicola Gailits
Emmanuel Hospital Association, 808/92 Deepali Building, Nehru Place, Delhi, New Delhi, 110019, India
Kaaren Mathias & Pooja Pillai
School of Health Studies, Western University, Labatt Health Sciences Bldg, Rm 215. 1151 Richmond St., London, ON, N6A 5B9, Canada
Elysée Nouvet
Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada
Kaaren Mathias
Pooja Pillai
PP and NG conducted the focus groups, and then collaborated with KM in the initial thematic analyses and concept map development. NG analysed all remaining data in Canada, with LS and EN helping to guide interpretation of data and themes. All authors reviewed and revised the article critically, and gave final approval of the version to be published.
All authors are women. NG, LS, and EN are from a high-income country. NG has a strong interest in women’s health and intersectional feminism, and worked closely with PP and KM who live and work in Dehradun district, Uttarakhand. This ensured the analysis had both an outsider and insider perspective.
Correspondence to Nicola Gailits.
This study was a component of a broader project examining the challenges and enabling factors related to the implementation of Burans project, which had been granted permission as Protocol 115 in April 2014, by the Institutional Ethics Committee of the Emmanuel Hospital Association. Ethics approval for this sub-study was also obtained from the Hamilton Integrated Research Ethics Board of McMaster University in Canada. Based on the local context, which included low literacy rates, alongside an article in the Bulletin of the World Health Organization on informed consent in the global South [49], oral consent was deemed most appropriate. Both research ethics boards approved of the use of verbal consent. In terms of the consent process, after the study was explained and any questions were answered to the entire group, each woman in attendance was provided with the opportunity to orally consent to participation or not participate in the study. This process was documented by the CHWs in attendance, and all women consented to participate. The risks for women participating in FGDs were minimized due to the support of Burans team members in facilitating home-based care and access to mental health care as required for all participants, and through CHW attendance at all FGDs.
FGD Guide Round 1: focused on Community Mental Health Competence. (DOCX 18 kb)
FGD Guide Round 2: focused on Freedom of Movement. (DOCX 14 kb)
KII Guide. (DOCX 15 kb)
Gailits, N., Mathias, K., Nouvet, E. et al. Women’s freedom of movement and participation in psychosocial support groups: qualitative study in northern India. BMC Public Health 19, 725 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-7019-3
Gender relations
Psychosocial factors
Women’s autonomy
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Discover Alphons Mucha in Prague Museums
12.08.2014 12.08.2014 Foreigners.cz Places to go, Trips
It’s in Prague where I discover “Art Nouveau” in an exhibition of Mucha. I have never heard about Art Nouveau before, so it was totally new for me. Even though in Paris we have for example some subway entrances in this style.
Steve Cadman, Subway station Les Abesses (Paris)
Some hundred years ago, the Art Nouveau style was at its peak. Present in the majority of European countries between 1880 and 1914, the current Art Nouveau promotes equality between the arts and is characterized by its representations to the sinuous lines and marked by feminine, floral and geometric motifs iconography.
Alfons Maria Mucha
Alfons Maria Mucha (1860 – 1939), was born in the town of Ivančice, Moravia (the present Czech Republic). He continues his education through high school in the Moravian capital of Brno Czech. He was a painter and designer, whose illustrations, drawings, pictures and decorations accompanied the Belle Époque and Art Nouveau. He worked in Vienna, Paris and the USA and was renowned in particular for his theatre posters for French actress Sarah Bernhardt. – Committed to a printer, a fantastic chance led him to work on the posters of the next show of the greatest actress of the time. Seduced by the work of the young Czech, she signed an exclusive contract that propels Alphons Mucha in the firmament of artists and decorators. He designed the first postage stamps and bank notes of the independent Czechoslovak state and was a graphic artist and creator of world-famous Art Nouveau posters. A cycle of large canvases inspired by the history of the Slavic peoples entitled The Slav Epic is exhibited in the Veletržní Palace in Prague. On Panská Street you can visit the first museum devoted to his life and work.
Where to see Alfons Mucha’s work in Prague:
Alfons Mucha’s posters –Prague’s Municipal House – Náměstí Republiky 5, Praha 1
The Municipal House visitors thus have a unique opportunity to see almost all of Alfons Mucha’s original posters in one place. This unique collection exhibited in the Municipal House belongs to the tennis player and Czech patriot, Ivan Lendl, who has been collecting these works of art for thirty years. This collection of 122 works will be exhibited together for the very first time. The exhibition is curated by arts historian Karel Srp, focusing on art at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries.
Four Arts – Dance, Music, Painting and Poetry – (1898)
Alfons Mucha and Salvador Dali museum – Praha 1, Staré Město, Staroměstské náměstí
Great little gallery in the centre Old Town Square (Staroměstské Námestí) with a unique atmosphere and architecture. There are three floors of art. Top floor is Mucha, very exciting if you are a Mucha fan. You must see this place when you visit Prague.
JOB – (1896)
The Mucha Museum in Prague – Kaunický palác Panská 7, 110 00 Prague 1
The Mucha Museum (the world´s first Mucha Museum) was created in 1998 by the Mucha Foundation in partnership with COPA sro. It is the only official museum dedicated to Alphons Mucha; all the works in the museum are from the Mucha Trust Collection and the work of the Museum directly supports the work of the Foundation. With a selection of over 100 paintings, charcoal drawings, photographs, lithographs and personal memorabilia provides an exact view into the universe of the artist Second floor hosts a really good collection of Dali.
Times of the day: Night’s Rest – Evening Reverie – Light of day – Morning Awakening (1899)
Mucha is the one who has profoundly influenced the Art Nouveau. His inimitable style is instantly recognizable: theater and idealized woman, inspirations from nature and the world of plants, lines and elegant scrolls, obsessive attention to detail…
Museum Map – Mucha A.
One thought on “Discover Alphons Mucha in Prague Museums”
Inger Westergren says:
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Society’s Monsters and The Importance of Being Ridiculous
By Gulfshore Playhouse April 25, 2018
Audrey Zielenbach is the Artistic Content Curator for Gulfshore Playhouse.
Charles Ludlam.
Art is the window through which we can see the past. From art we are able to see beyond what happened; we can see how what happened affected the people who experienced it. Artistic movements are interlinked through time, each one building off that which preceded it but re-contextualized for the current time. While you might not see an immediate link between the AIDs epidemic of the 1980s and the 19th-century Gothic genre, Charles Ludlam certainly did.
The “Theatre of the Ridiculous” movement emerged in the 1960s in New York City. It was subversive, seeking to break from the dominant theatrical trend of strict realism and naturalistic style, taking inspiration from the 1950s movement, the Theatre of the Absurd. “Ridiculous” plays were often pop culture parodies used as vehicles for social commentary. The productions blended drag style with avant garde theatre, often using cross-gender casting and even featuring non-professional actors like drag queens and other “street stars.”
Not only was Theatre of the Ridiculous subversive as a theatrical style, its mere existence was a revolutionary, subversive act. In the 1960s, the Gay Liberation movement began in earnest. In the 1970s, it was illegal to cross-dress in public so, during performances, someone would stand on the street outside the venue to keep an eye out for police.
Charles Ludlam, born in 1943 in New York, was a performer and playwright for the Play-House of the Ridiculous before founding his own ensemble, The Ridiculous Theatrical Company. Ludlam believed that the theatre was a refuge for LGBT people and homosexual themes were important in his work. Ludlam captured the spirit of drag in that his plays offered performers the opportunity to express themselves away from the pressures of societal conventions.
Jeffrey Binder and Scott Greer in rehearsal for The Mystery of Irma Vep.
When Charles Ludlam wrote The Mystery of Irma Vep in 1984, the AIDs epidemic was ravaging the gay community. Ludlam would die just five years later due to complications from AIDs. It was during this time, when hundreds of people were inexplicably dying horrible deaths, that Ludlam invoked the penny dreadful of the Gothic era, a staple of 19th century English literature, and their fascination with the spooky and the supernatural.
Gothic fiction was immensely popular in 19th century England, giving monsters like Frankenstein and Dracula a permanent place in our cultural imagination. Although on the surface these are merely pulp horror stories, they were also a vehicle for social commentary, much like “Ridiculous” plays a century later.
The monsters of Gothic fiction embodied cultural and psychological characteristics society found difficult to acknowledge or accept. While monsters often serve as the villains of the story, they also embodied the very human emotions of feeling misunderstood, unloved, and isolated.
Ludlam wrote of the play, “Take things very seriously, especially focusing on those things held in low esteem by society and revealing them, giving them new meaning, new worth, by changing their context.” Perhaps Charles Ludlam saw the similarities when he wrote The Mystery of Irma Vep – a community isolated and misunderstood, vilified by a society that didn’t want to acknowledge or accept them.
While Gothic literature might be best known as a horror genre, it is also a romantic one. Ludlam wrote and performed the play alongside his life partner, Everett Quinton, two people whose love prevailed in the face of a horrible crisis.
As Ludlam stated, re-contextualizing familiar themes and stories gives them new life and new meaning, reminding us that while the world changes around us, we are still connected to people who lived decades and centuries before us.
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