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__label__cc	0.519329	0.480671	A Israeli venture capitalist explains why anyone against cooperation with China is ‘crazy’ Jul 10, 2018 \| International Politics \| 0 \| The US and China engaged in the first shots of a potential trade war last week when the Trump administration announced a 25% tariff worth $34 billion on Chinese products, including televisions, aircraft parts, nuclear reactors, and vehicles. China responded later that day with $34 billion worth of tariffs of its own, primarily on agricultural products. A full-blown global trade war could cost the world economy $470 billion by 2020, according to an analysis by Bloomberg Economics. Meanwhile, one country with significant ties to both countries’ economies is looking on nervously. Israel is particularly exposed to a global trade war. The country exports 30% of its GDP in goods and services and derives significant investment and growth for its booming technology sector via the US and China. With Isreal benifiting from over $38 billion dollars a year in aid money from the US, and that is without counting the defence contracts. The episode has left some Israeli businessmen, like legendary venture capitalist Erel Margalit, feeling caught in the middle. “The Chinese and the Americans need to find a better way to coexist from an economic standpoint. It’s extremely important for the world’s development,” Margalit told Business Insider. “China is developing new business models today that are ahead of anyone else.” He says, of the country whos giants Tencent and Alibaba started out by mimicing Google and Amazon. Jack Ma, Executive Chairman of Alibaba Group Holding, attends the World Economic Forum (WEF) annual meeting in Davos. Margalit is the founder of Jerusalem Venture Partners, one of the country’s oldest and most successful venture funds. The company has created and invested in over 120 companies in the US, Israel, and Europe. As of 2015, it also includes investment from Alibaba, China’s biggest tech company. While Israeli tech has long relied on American investors, it has increasingly turned to China in recent years. China’s total investment in Israel tripled to $16 billion last year. “We believe that China will be the largest investor in the Israeli market in the technology sector. It will surpass the US,” Edouard Cukierman, the French-Israeli chairman of Cukierman Investments House and managing partner at Catalyst-CEL, told The Jerusalem Post in December. “For many years, the Israeli hi-tech industry has been supported and led by American investors. Companies aimed for NASDAQ or the US market for exits, for IPOs.” The number of Chinese financial firms that invested in Israeli tech companies doubledfrom 18 in 2013 to 34 in 2017, but Chinese investment in venture capital funds has gone down over the same period. As Margalit looks at the global economy, he said it’s important to continue building “new dimensions of cooperation” between China, the US, and other global economies. But, he said, it needs to be done in a way that respects intellectual property and is non-threatening. Anyone against that, he said, is “crazy.” “The biggest social change in China is happening economically, not through Jeffersonian democracy,” Margalit said. “People need to understand it. It’s important for everybody that continues to happen.” Emphaszing that it’s all about the benjamins, not democracy. Human rights and sanctions violations with countries like Iran are jut the cost of doing business with china, and anyone who doesn’t accept that is “crazy”. It seems gaslighting is still as common a tactic as ever. This article orginally appeared on Business Insider PreviousIndia contributes US$100,000 for fund to ensure developing countries’ role in international cooperation on critical tax matters NextWhy Climate Change is a Security Matter What War Games Tell Us About the Use of Cyber Weapons in a Crisis The United Nations Relief and Works Agency, UNRWA facing financial crisis, risks exacerbating refugee migration crisis. The US Gets a “Win” at the UN — And No Other Country had to “Lose.” Real Border Security Comes From a Moral Foreign Policy	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line3
__label__wiki	0.65208	0.65208	Posts Tagged ‘Wikipedia’ In the mix…democratizing access to data, data literacy, and predictable responses to proposed privacy bill 1) Infochimps launched their API. People often ask, are you guys doing something similar? Yes, in that we are also interested in democratizing access to data, but we’re focusing on a narrower area — information that’s too sensitive and too personal to release in the usual channels. In any case, we’re excited to see more movement in this direction. 2) Wikipedia began a trial of a new tool called “Pending Changes.” To deal with glaring inaccuracies and vandalism, Wikipedia made certain entries off-limits for off-the-cuff editing. The trade-off, however, was that first-time editors to these articles couldn’t get that immediate thrill of seeing their edits. Wikipedia’s trying out a compromise, a tab in which these edits are visible as “pending changes.” It’s always fascinating to see all the different spaces in which people in a community can interact online — this is a new one. 3) The Info Law Group posted various groups’ reactions to the privacy bill proposed by Representative Rick Boucher. Here’s Part I, here’s Part II. Fairly predictable, but it still never ceases to amuse me how far apart industry groups are from consumer advocates. 4) Great discussion continues on the concept of “data literacy.” I love this guest post from David Eaves on the Open Knowledge Foundation blog, with the awesome line: It is worth remembering: We didn’t build libraries for an already literate citizenry. We built libraries to help citizens become literate. Today we build open data portals not because we have a data or public policy literate citizenry, we build them so that citizens may become literate in data, visualization, coding and public policy. Tags: big data, Infochimps, open data, Open Knowledge, privacy legislation, Wikipedia Posted in Interesting Uses of Data, Protecting Privacy in Meaningful Ways, Public Policy \| No Comments » In the mix…EU data retention laws, Wikipedia growing 1) Australia thinking about requiring ISPs to record browsing histories (via Truste). Electronic Frontier Australia (EFA) chair Colin Jacobs said the regime was “a step too far”. “At some point data retention laws can be reasonable, but highly-personal information such as browsing history is a step too far,” Jacobs said. “You can’t treat everybody like a criminal. That would be like tapping people’s phones before they are suspected of doing any crime.” Sounds shocking, but the EU already requires it. 2) European privacy officials are pointing out that Microsoft, Google and Yahoo’s methods of “anonymization” are not good enough to comply with EU requirements (via EFF). As we’ve been saying for awhile, “anonymization” is not a very precise claim. (Even though they also want ISPs to retain browsing histories for law enforcement–confused? I am.) 3) Wikipedia is adding two new executive roles. In the process of researching our community study, it really struck me how small Wikipedia‘s staff was compared to the staff of more centralized, less community-run businesses like Yelp and Facebook. Having two more staff members is not a huge increase, but it does make me wonder, is a larger staff inevitable when an organization tries to assert more editorial control over what the community produces? Tags: Data Mining, Data Retention, EU, Google, Microsoft, Wikipedia, Yahoo! Building a community: who’s in charge? From http://xkcd.com/ We’ve seen so far that for a community to be vibrant and healthy, people have to care about the community and the roles they play in it. A community doesn’t have to be a simple democracy, one member/one vote on all decisions, but members have to feel some sense of agency and power over what happens in the community. Of course, agency can mean a lot of things. On one end of the spectrum are membership-based cooperatives, like credit unions and the Park Slope Food Coop, where members, whether or not they exercise it, have decision-making power built into the infrastructure of the organization. On the other end are most online communities, like Yelp, Facebook, and MySpace. Because the communities are all about user-generated content, users clearly have a lot of say in how the community develops. But generally speaking, users of for-profit online services, even ones that revolve around user-generated content don’t have power to actually govern the community or shape policies. Yelp, for example, allows more or less anyone to write a review. But the power to monitor and remove reviews for being shills, rants or otherwise violations of its terms of use is centralized in Yelp’s management and staff. The editing is done behind closed doors, rather than out in the open with community input. Given its profit model, it’s not surprising that Yelp has been accused repeatedly of using its editing power as a form of extortion when it tries to sell ads to business owners. Even if Yelp is innocent, it doesn’t help that the process is not transparent, which is why Yelp has responded by at least revealing which reviews have been removed. (As for Facebook, the hostility between the company and at least some of its users is obvious. No need to go there again.) And then there are communities that are somewhere in between, like Wikipedia. Wikipedia isn’t a member-based organization in a traditional sense. Community members elect three, not all, of the board members of Wikimedia. Each community member does not have the same amount of power as another community member – people who gain greater responsibilities and greater status also have more power. But many who are actively involved in how Wikipedia is run are volunteers, rather than paid staff, who initially got involved the same way everybody does, as writers and editors of entries. There are some obvious benefits to a community that largely governs itself. It’s another way for the community to feel that it belongs to its members, not some outside management structure. The staff that runs Wikipedia can remain relatively small, because many volunteers are out there reading, editing, and monitoring the site. Perhaps most importantly, power is decentralized and decisions are by necessity transparent. Although not all Wikipedia users have access to all pages, there’s an ethos of openness and collaboration. For example, a controversy recently erupted at Wikipedia. Wikimedia Commons was accused of holding child pornography. Jimmy Wales, the founder of Wikipedia, then started deleting images. A debate ensued within the Wikipedia community about whether this was appropriate, a debate any of us can read. Ultimately, it was decided that he would no longer have “founder” editing privileges, which had allowed him to delete content without the consent of other editors. Wikimedia also claims that he never had final editorial control to begin with. Whether or not Wikimedia is successful, it wants and needs to project a culture of collaboration, rather than personality-driven dictatorship. It’s hard to imagine Mark Zuckerberg giving up comparable privileges to resolve the current privacy brouhaha at Facebook. But it’s not all puppies and roses, as anyone who’s actually been a part of such a community knows. It’s harder to control problems, which is why a blatantly inaccurate entry on Wikipedia once sat around for 123 days. Some community members tend to get a little too excited telling other members they’re wrong, which can be a problem in any organization, but is multiplied when everyone has the right to monitor. Some are great at pointing out problems but not so good at taking responsibility for fixing them. And groups of people together can rathole on insignificant issues (especially on mailing lists), stalling progress because they can’t bring themselves to resolve “What color should we paint the bikeshed?” issues. Wikipedia has struggled with these challenges over the past ten years. It now limits access to certain entries in order to control accuracy, but arguably at some cost to the vibrancy of the community. Wikipedia is trying to open up Wikipedia in new directions, as it tries a redesign in the hope it will encourage more diverse groups to write and edit entries (though personally, it looks a lot like the old one). Ultimately, someone still has to be in charge. And when you value democracy over dictatorship, it’s harder but arguably more interesting, to figure out what that looks like. Tags: Facebook, Governance, How to build a community, online communities, Wikipedia, Yelp Posted in Best Practices \| No Comments » Building a community: Does a community have to be diverse to be successful? Last year, Wikipedia made headlines when a survey commissioned by the Wikimedia Foundation discovered only 13% of Wikipedia’s writers and editors are women. Among people who read but don’t write or edit for Wikipedia, 69% are men and 31% are women. The same survey found that Wikipedians were much more highly educated than the rest of the population, with 19% saying they have a Master’s degree and 4.4% saying they have a Ph.D. Facebook and MySpace have similarly gotten press for news that the demographics of the social networks’ members vary across race, class, and education. It shouldn’t surprise us that these sites, or any other sites, would be more popular among certain demographic groups. All communities, online or off, tend to reflect their founders and the worlds they come from. Mark Zuckerberg, Facebook Facebook was founded by Mark Zuckerberg while he was at Harvard. Facebook ended up more popular with Ivy League students. Wikipedia was founded using wiki technology and principles from the open source software movement. Wikipedians, not surprisingly, are “mostly male computer geeks,” as described by founder Jimmy Wales. Yelp started in San Francisco, and the irreverent, young tone echoes the tone of many Silicon Valley start-ups, attracting irreverent, young people. It’s not just that the sites’ founders attract people who are like them. They set the tone, based on values they hold, that tend to be shared by people similar to them. Jimmy Wales, Wikipedia Even as sites grow and expand beyond the first adopters, communities can develop cultures that are more attractive to certain groups than others. Women are allegedly more active than men on Facebook, whereas the opposite is true on Twitter. Although both sites involve sharing information, the mechanisms are quite different. I’m not going to hazard a guess as to why women are more drawn to Facebook or why men are more drawn to Twitter. I do think it’s funny when writers forget their personal preferences might not be universal. This writer, this writer, and this writer, who agree Twitter is much better than Facebook — all men. Here’s one prominent exception, Martha Stewart, who says, First of all, you don’t have to spend any time on it, and, second of all, you reach a lot more people. And I don’t have to ‘befriend’ and do all that other dippy stuff that they do on Facebook. Which sounds like a stereotypically male sort of thing to say. But it is worth noting that certain ways of interacting are more appealing to some groups than others, even when sites are not being marketed specifically to one group or another. Why does it matter? A successful community is not necessarily a diverse one. A forum for breast cancer patients won’t measure the health of its community by the number of men on it. One of the most attractive things about the Internet is its ability to concentrate people with esoteric interests. However, for communities with more universal goals, diversity is an important issue. It makes sense that Wikipedia has publicly been working on making its community of writers and editors more diverse. If Wikipedia’s goal is to create “a world in which every single human being can freely share in the sum of all knowledge,” it has to include the knowledge and perspective of people other than male computer geeks. (I can’t say for sure, but I would bet there were a couple of male computer geeks involved in the writing of this rather literal exposition of the “sanitary napkin.”) As part of that plan, Wikipedia is rolling out a redesign, which they hope will encourage more people to contribute their knowledge. Whether or not the redesign drastically affects Wikipedia’s numbers, the plan will likely involve a delicate balancing act. Wikipedia needs to attract new members without alienating the original members of its community. If the old interface was intimidating to some people, it was probably equally attractive to others. Those who didn’t find it intimidating could identify as part of a hard-core, committed group, an identity that can be crucial for energizing early members of a community. It’s the problem of any community that wants to grow – how do you grow without destroying the sense of community that helped it start in the first place? Large organizations have traditionally tried to maintain a sense of community with local chapters. The Sierra Club and Habitat for Humanity International are both built on a network of local affiliates that have a certain amount of autonomy. The Catholic Church and other religious organizations operate using a similar organizational structure, though with varying degrees of centralized control. Online, the examples are fewer. In fact, the only example of a community in our study that’s grown obviously beyond the boundaries of the original group is Facebook, and as I’ve discussed earlier, it’s an outlier. It contains communities but is not actually a community in and of itself. Despite the demographic differences between Facebook and MySpace, Facebook has arguably grown so big, those differences have become negligible. It almost doesn’t matter if Facebook is somewhat more popular among certain groups when it has 400 million active users. At the same time, though, each Facebook user’s experience of Facebook is filtered through is or her friends. Even though the dilemma of whether to accept a friend request from a parent has become a common joke, most people on Facebook haven’t directly experienced how quickly Facebook has expanded. This may be why Facebook has managed to transcend its origins so quickly as an online social network for Harvard students. The feeling of intimacy and connection hasn’t changed for the average user. It’s questionable whether Facebook can maintain that sense of localized community with the various changes it’s made to how user information is shared, but Facebook is gambling that it can. Tags: communities, diversity, Facebook, Habitat for Humanity, How to build a community, MySpace, SIerra Club, Wikipedia, Yelp Building a community: Just because it’s a social network doesn’t mean it’s a community. Thursday, April 22nd, 2010 Yelp via Flickr Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works Yelp and Facebook have a lot in common. As I wrote in my last two posts, they both emphasize or require the use of real profiles and they use people’s concerns about their reputations to motivate activity and interaction on the site. But Yelp and Facebook are fundamentally different. In short, Yelp is a community and Facebook is not. Although Facebook is a social network, it is not a community. It began as a social network for Harvard students, basing itself on the existing connections within that community. When it grew, it grew from community to community, from Ivy League universities to all colleges to high schools and then certain corporations, before becoming open to anyone with an email address. When people interacted with other people on Facebook, it didn’t feel as funny or sleazy or strange as interacting with a stranger in a chatroom. You might not have personally known a new friend, but he likely knew someone you knew. Facebook emphasized real people and real connections. So Facebook certainly contains communities. It contains people who know each other from college, elementary school, an office, or even a party. But it is not in and of itself a community. There is no ethos or set of values that all Facebook users share together. Facebook users may be active on the site, but they don’t write status updates, upload photos, and play Farmville for Facebook. They do it for themselves and for the people they want to interact with. If another social network came along that was better, their friends were there, and it was easy to transfer their profiles, people would do it without a single pang of disloyalty. It’s why Facebook has resisted calls for portability of profile data. As addicted as people claim to be, no one calls himself a Facebooker. In contrast, many people consider themselves Yelpers and Wikipedians. Yelpers have inside jokes and a self-conscious recognition that Yelpers are a tribe. The Yelp Elite Squad gets together at events, while Wikipedians gather at Wikimania. Although Facebook may have more users interacting in the offline world than any other site, it’s never an activity organized by or devoted to Facebook. To me, the biggest reason for this difference is that Yelp and Wikipedia have a mission and Facebook does not. The Wikimedia Foundation obviously has a mission; it’s a nonprofit organization with altruistic goals. In a recent survey of Wikipedians, when asked why they contributed, 73% indicated, “I like the idea of sharing knowledge and want to contribute to it,” while 69% said “I saw an error I wanted to fix.” They’re motivated in part by their belief in Wikipedia’s mission, to provide knowledge for the world. Yelp may not have a mission in a traditional sense, but its goal to provide informative reviews of local businesses is one that’s shared enthusiastically by many of its reviewers. As a result, the users on Yelp are helping to create Yelp’s product, reviews, while the users on Wikipedia are helping to create Wikipedia’s product, the encyclopedia. Facebook, in contrast, has a stated mission but it means nothing to its users. No one joins Facebook because he believes in Facebook’s mission. He joins because that’s where his friends are. He is not interested in helping Facebook create a product. In fact, as Bruce Schneier put it, “Alice is not Facebook’s customer. Alice is Facebook’s product.” Facebook itself admits more or less that it has no interest in building a community. Rather, it’s building “info aggregation with a great photos app.”. It’s why it’s trying it’s hardest to become Twitter, and why it keeps trying to think of new ways to make more of its members personal information public. Tags: community, Facebook, How to build a community, social media, social networks, Wikipedia, Yelp Posted in Best Practices \| 1 Comment » Building a community — will the real Mrs. Del Toro please stand up? As I discussed in my last post, having real profiles can really change the dynamic in an online community. Yelp, which has more or less encourages Yelpers to use real identities, has created a community where people really care what other Yelpers think of them. In contrast, Wikipedians care about the work others are doing, but they’re not so invested impressing other Wikipedians with their taste in music or food. Yelp and Wikipedia have some similar incentives for people to create good stuff, like increased status and privileges, but Yelp feels like a social network while Wikipedia does not. So how does the power of real profiles play out within Facebook, which is a social network and nothing else? How do people’s concerns about their reputations play out when there are no reviews to write or encyclopedia entries to edit? And how does Facebook in this context encourage people to create content? (MySpace is a social network as well, but it’s so different from Facebook that I’m going to address it in a separate post.) Facebook cares even more than Yelp about having real people. Poor Peowtie, her Facebook account's been disabled. While Yelp encourages people to use real first names and last initials and a real photo, Facebook requires it. The Statement of Rights and Responsibilities states, along with other rules: You will not provide any false personal information on Facebook, or create an account for anyone other than yourself without permission. You will not use your personal profile for your own commercial gain (such as selling your status update to an advertiser). You will not use Facebook if you are under 13. You will not use Facebook if you are a convicted sex offender. You will keep your contact information accurate and up-to-date. You will not share your password, let anyone else access your account, or do anything else that might jeopardize the security of your account. You will not transfer your account to anyone without first getting our written permission. If you select a username for your account we reserve the right to remove or reclaim it if we believe appropriate (such as when a trademark owner complains about a username that does not closely relate to a user’s actual name). Although we all know people who’ve sneaked through with a profile based on the name of a pet or a nickname, Facebook is diligent enough that it was very difficult for Caitlin Batman, Tim Six, Becky Super, and others with unusual names to sign up for an account. My friend’s Peowtie Del Toro account, which she opened in October 2007, was disabled just this year. (The above is a mock-up as it is completely inaccessible to her now.) Facebook doesn’t create a product, like business reviews or an encyclopedia, separate from its social network. Its product is essentially human relationships, to the extent that they can be captured through status updates, photos uploaded, articles linked, and virtual gifts/pokes sent. For all the personal detail Yelpers put into their reviews, it doesn’t compare to how personal content is on Facebook. As real people, Facebook members are hyper-aware of their reputations. The fact that they are creating content that is solely about their lives means that Facebook users care even more about the way that content affects their reputations. It’s not just about whether they write witty Yelp reviews or edit correctly on Wikipedia — it’s about who they are. As much as they horrify middle-aged adults, the kids who post drunken photos of themselves on Facebook do care about their reputations. It’s just that at that moment in their lives, it’s more important that they project that image than a more staid, responsible one. Some people want to be the kind of people who have 900 Facebook friends; other people want equally strongly to be the kind of people who have 50. Some people want their friends to know they made pickles with seasonal ramps that weekend; other people want their friends to know they were watching football. And despite the fact that Facebook has become a symbol of our over-sharing culture, Facebook wants us to share even more. The more we share, the more it can make in advertising. The more we share, the more valuable its data becomes. But Facebook can’t give you a gold star for being a cool person… Because people on Facebook are creating content about themselves, Facebook can’t use the same incentive systems used by Yelp or Wikipedia. Yelp can promote good reviewers to the Yelp Elite Squad, Wikipedia can give privileges to reliable editors, but it would be laughable for Facebook to create a Facebook Elite Squad. Imagine if Facebook deemed some users’ vacation photos better than others, or gave karma points like Slashdot to those whose status updates were wittiest. Facebook, however, can use people’s concerns about their reputations to motivate and promote activity. There are ways for users to give each other the Facebook equivalent of badges, stars, and compliments: virtual gifts and “pokes.” Facebook’s ways of motivating activity are generally more subtle. Facebook doesn’t just ask people to share — it asks people to respond. I once had a friend ask me why I never commented on her status updates. She clearly cares whether people respond to what she says. It’s part of why she uses Facebook. If Facebook didn’t allow people to comment on each other’s status updates and posts, I imagine the level of activity would rapidly decrease. Facebook’s “like” button serves an interesting purpose in this context. Like Yelp’s “useful, funny or cool,” it lets people respond to their friends without having to write out an actual sentence. It’s equivalent to a nod or sympathetic “uh-huh” offline — it’s a way to show you’re paying attention. But of course, Facebook isn’t really satisfied with the level of activity currently happening. Everyday, I’m given suggestions, not only for new friends but ways in which I could interact with existing ones. I’m curious how many people actually see this and then go out and write on the wall of that elementary school friend who they haven’t communicated with since they accepted the friend request. (In my case, I feel like it’s always telling me to reach out to Alex Selkirk, who I see almost everyday.) It’ll be interesting to see what else Facebook tries as it works to monetize itself. I don’t see how it can ever give out gold stars or badges or create elite classes within Facebook. Not only would it be weird to rate a person for being a person, it would be difficult to come up with an incentive structure that appeals to its 400 million registered users. Being a member of some Elite Squad, having karma points, being the Mayor of a local business as FourSquare does, might be appealing to some people. It definitely won’t be appealing to all of them. Tags: Facebook, How to build a community, online communities, Wikipedia, Yelp Building a community — populated by real people or anonymous cowards Mimi’s comment on my last blog post about building communities made an important point – although both Yelp and Wikipedia reward their users for their activities with increased status within their communities, they do so in very different ways with very different results for their content. There are many, many differences between Yelp and Wikipedia. (I’m curious how many people are registered users on both sites.) But one really obvious one is that Yelp has created an active community of reviewers who largely use real photos and real names (or at least real first name and last initial), like peter d., a member of the Yelp Elite Squad. Wikipedia, in contrast, is a free for all. Many people who write or edit are anonymous. They may register with pseudonyms, or they may not register at all, so that their edits are only associated with an IP address. There are occasionally Wikipedians who reveal their real names and provide a lot of biographical information on their profile pages, like Ragesoss, who even provides a photo. But for every user like him, there are many more like Jayjg and Neutrality, who seems to identify with Thomas Jefferson, as well as users who have been banned. Obviously, there are other communities that encourage the use of real identities — Facebook, MySpace, social networks in general. And there are communities where being pseudonymous or anonymous is perfectly fine, even encouraged — Slashdot, Flickr, and many more. So how does the use of real identities affect the community? How does it affect the incentives to participate? The content that’s created? Yelp’s reward system, as described in my earlier post, is very focused on the individual. The compliments, the Elite Squad badge, the number of “useful, funny or cool” reviews written are all clearly attached to a specific person, such as peter d. above. Although people are complimenting peter d. for the content he’s generated for Yelp, they’re also complimenting him as a person, as he’s told that he’s funny, he’s a good writer, and so forth. Yelpers are encouraged to develop personas that are separate from the reviews they write. The profiles have set questions, like “Last Great Book I Read” and “My First Concert.” They know that it’s not just about one review they’ve written, but where they’ve eaten, where they’ve gone, what they’ve done, that shows something in a generation that recognizes tribes based on what people consume. There is a suggestion that Yelpers might interact outside of Yelp, and in the case of the Yelp Elite Squad, an assumption that they will, as one of the major privileges is that members get invited to local events. The reputation you seek to develop on Yelp is not necessarily so different from the reputation you seek to develop in real life. Yelp isn’t just a review site. It’s a social network that feels almost like an online dating site — you can see how easily compliments could be used to flirt. Wikipedia’s reward system, based on the open source software model, is more low-key. Wikipedia does rate articles as “good articles,” and notes which articles have priority within certain classes of subjects. If you write a lot of “good articles,” or otherwise contribute substantively, you can get various gold stars and badges as well, like the Platinum Editor Star Jayjg has on his profile page. But the compliments are less about the Wikipedia user, even when stars are given, and more about the Wikipedia-related contribution he or she has made. Some Wikipedians may be flirting with each other, but it seems really unlikely, at least not within any Wikipedia-built mechanism. Jayjg clearly feels no need to tell us where he’s from and what his first concert was — it’s not relevant here. The Wikipedians who do share more personal information aren’t required or even encouraged to do so by the Wikipedia system. It doesn’t matter who Jayjg is. It only matters what he does for Wikipedia. So although both sites use rewards and feedback loops to encourage participation, they’re creating fundamentally different content with fundamentally different communities. Yelp’s entry for the Brooklyn Botanic Garden has 126 reviews, each wholly written by a single user with that user’s photo, name, number of friends and number of reviews immediately visible. The reviews are clearly personal and subjective, as made obvious by references to what that person specifically experienced. In peter d.’s case, his review notes how his brother once pushed him into the Japanese Pond. When you look at Wikipedia’s entry on the Brooklyn Botanic Garden, you see a seamless, unitary document. Unless you click on the tabs that cover history or discussion, you won’t even see who worked on the article. There is no personal perspective, there is no author listed with stars next to his name, there are no buttons asking you to rate that author’s contribution as “useful, funny or cool.” This makes sense, given their respective missions. Yelp’s goal is to generate as many reviews as possible about local businesses, recognizing that taste is really subjective. Wikipedia’s goal is to produce a free encyclopedia with unbiased, objective content. Yelp doesn’t want you to write one review and go away. If you do, your review may not even show up, as the spam filter may decide you’re not trustworthy. But of the thousands and thousands of people who’ve edited Wikipedia, the vast majority have done a few, maybe even just one edit, and never come back. Wikipedia is a collective work; Yelp is a collection of individual works. I don’t have an opinion on whether a community of real profiles is better or worse than a community of anonymous and pseudonymous contributors. The different structures seem to shape the content of Yelp versus Wikipedia in appropriate ways. What’s less clear to me is how this difference affects the make up of their communities. Wikipedia has recently been in the news as it examines the demographics of its users, which is “more than 80 percent male, more than 65 percent single, more than 85 percent without children, around 70 percent under the age of 30.” Its rewards system and its open source model clearly attracted the right kind of enthusiastic people who were willing to write encyclopedia entries without personal recognition and glory. Wikipedia wants more and different kinds of people to be writing entries. Would a system like Yelp’s that encourages a more explicit sense of community and social networking change who is attracted to Wikipedia? Or would it attract precisely the wrong kind of people, the ones who couldn’t work collaboratively without explicit credit and acknowledgment? Yelp isn’t a model of community building either, of course. Its users are more diverse than Wikipedia’s in that its breakdown by gender is 54-46, male-female, but it’s also a very young community. It’s less international than Wikipedia, partly because it grows city by city, but its American youth-oriented culture may not translate well either. It’s facing its own credibility problem as business owners accuse Yelp of extortion. It’s not surprising, as it’s fueled by people who are addicted to writing reviews and complimenting each other, but it’s paid for by advertisers who don’t participate in that same incentive structure. Both Yelp and WIkipedia have managed to attract active, enthusiastic contributors willing to do a lot for no pay (or mostly no pay in the case of Yelp, which has admitted to paying some reviewers.) But moving forward, which model of participation and rewards will be more attractive to more people for the right reasons? For more on this issue, see today’s New York Times article on how news sites are considering getting rid of the anonymous option for commenters. Or they could do what Slashdot does, which is call anyone who chooses to post anonymously an “Anonymous Coward.” Tags: Facebook, Governance, How to build a community, Organizational Integrity, Slashdot, Wikipedia, Yelp Building a community — with karma and elite squads In high school psychology, I learned that rats that are rewarded for good behavior, i.e., given positive reinforcement, will repeat the good behavior. Humans aren’t really that different. Several of the online communities I looked at need their members to do stuff to make their communities work. Some of them have decided to explicitly reward their members for good contributions. For example, Yelp is a site with reviews of local businesses. It knows that ratings alone aren’t very useful, as people have different standards, and it also knows one-line reviews claiming a restaurant is “great” or “terrible,” aren’t very informative either. Yelp encourages detailed, specific reviews in several ways. Yelp invites members to rate each other’s reviews as “useful, funny or cool.” Members can send each other compliments, little encouraging notes about what good writers they are or how cool they are. Yelp removes reviews it deems to be rants or shills. (This has led to some controversy as business owners have claimed Yelp removes reviews to extort business owners to take out ads, to which Yelp has responded with some changes.) The biggest gold star, literally a “badge” that gets attached to the user’s profile, is reserved for Yelpers in the Yelp Elite Squad. To be eligible to become a member of the Elite Squad, a reviewer must post a real photo, use a real first name and last initial, and “be active Yelp evangelists and role models, on and off the site.” Members of the Elite Squad are invited to local events, and they become another community onto themselves. As a result, reviews on Yelp are considerably more detailed than reviews on comparable sites, and there are more of them. For Abraco, a coffee shop in the East Village, Yelp lists 241 reviews. Menupages, which doesn’t do any of the things Yelp does, has 7, and they tend to be a bit more prosaic: Of course, everything has a downside. Yelpers have a tendency to be self-indulgent in the way they write, with details about their personal lives and more that aren’t always relevant to the business they’re reviewing at hand. But the details aren’t totally worthless. I appreciate the way Yelp encourages detailed reviews because the details are often helpful in helping me determine whether the reviewer is someone whose taste is similar to mine. When someone tells me that he doesn’t like Chinese food and thought the restaurant should be serving white chicken meat, I know instantly that he does not have the same taste as me, and I will not rely on his review. Whereas if that same person had only written, “Terrible food!”, I wouldn’t know enough to judge. If I really want to know more about the reviewer’s tastes and preferences, I can even click on the reviewer’s name and see what else he or she has reviewed. I can get a much better sense of who Mark L. is than of TheJuicyShow. Similarly, Slashdot uses “karma” to encourage smart comments. As a news aggregator for self-described nerds, Slashdot is as much a place to comment on stories as to read them. Anyone who has read open comments on popular blogs knows that they are often full of inflammatory rants where people spout rather than read/listen to what others are saying. Slashdot tries to deal with this by rating Slashdot users on their comments. The better your comments, the more “karma” you get, in the form of assessments that your comment is “insightful,” “interesting,” etc. Karma give you the power to moderate others’ comments, though you have to spend the points within 3 days. Good comments are considered an “achievement” that gets included on the profile of each user, which means, like Yelp, Slashdot users have personas that can be viewed by clicking on their profiles. Wikipedia awards activities in a slightly different way. Although Wikipedians also get rewarded with higher status, it’s not in as prominent a way as it is for Yelp or Slashdot users. There are no badges or notes like “Insightful.” Rather, as registered users contribute, they gain a reputation in that community. Those who meet the threshold for number of edits can vote in Wikimedia board elections, as well as be a candidate for the board. Other privileges, like administrator privileges, are granted to those who request them after a lengthy review of their contributions. Wikipedia is following the model of open source software projects where people are granted more responsibility, like commit privileges, as they demonstrate that they do good work. They’re rewarded with status, but not in as prominent a way as the badge Yelp Elite Squad members get. Offline organizations also reward good participation, with awards that recognize exceptional volunteers and positions of leadership. Habitat for Humanity affiliate chapters are often run by volunteers who have taken on responsibility after demonstrating their commitment. But because activities online are transparent to the whole community, the rewards given for those activities are similarly transparent as well. It’s easier to reward online activities in small as well as large ways. It’s also easier to keep track of large groups of people online. Thus, the reward system for these online organizations is more visible and more apparent than for offline organizations. And because the rewards systems are visible and apparent, they really affect the culture of the community. There are people who claim to be addicted to Yelp; there are also people who really don’t care about being made a member of an elite squad. Yelp’s reward system probably repels as many people as it attracts, and it’s important for anyone building a community to think about who they want to attract and how. Tags: comment moderation, How to build a community, online forum, rewards, Slashdot, Wikipedia, Yelp The meaning of membership Thursday, April 1st, 2010 BSA Member Card, Focht, Flickr/Creative Commons License Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works We’ve been talking about a “datatrust” for awhile now, why we think we need one, how we envision it as a long-lasting institution, what kind of technologies we might employ for it to provide measurable guarantees around privacy. But we’re now starting to get down to the nitty-gritty. How will it actually work? What will it mean to an actual researcher, nonprofit organization, policy-maker? To you? First and foremost, we imagine the datatrust as a member-based data bank where organizations and individuals can safely contribute personal information to inform research and public policy. The member-based part is key. We plan to be both non-partisan and absolutely transparent. We have no particular academic or policy ax to grind. Our only goal is to maximize the quantity, quality and diversity of sensitive data that is made available to the public. To ensure that decisions aren’t made even with an unconscious bias, we plan to build a decentralized structure that relies on the participation and contribution of members to build and sustain the datatrust. But the word membership can mean a lot of different things. When my local public radio station exhorts me to be a member, membership doesn’t seem to come with something more than a tote bag. In contrast, if you’re a Wikipedian, it means you’ve actually written or edited an entry, and the more you participate, the more access and privileges you get, including the right to vote for members of the Wikimedia Foundation Board. So for the past couple of months, I’ve been looking at member-based communities. Not all of them would call themselves member-based communities, but they all have in common a structure that requires participation from a large group of people. Some are nonprofits, some are businesses running social networks; most are online, a few are not. Over the next couple of posts, I’m going to summarize how these communities work, what motivates the members, how the communities monitor themselves, and how diverse they are, because all of these issues will inform the decisions we make in creating our datatrust. Here are the ten communities included in this study: MySpace is one of the world’s largest social networks with about 125 million users, though Facebook has in the last year surpassed MySpace with the number of users and pageviews both in the U.S. and the rest of the world. The look and feel of MySpace is very different from Facebook, since MySpace users are allowed to customize their pages. There’s also been a lot of press about the demographic differences between MySpace and Facebook, but those differences are probably disappearing as Facebook simply grows and grows. MySpace remains more popular than Facebook as a site for bands and music. Facebook is the world’s largest social network with about 400 million users. Despite its popularity and recent news that it even surpassed Google in Internet traffic, it’s also been the center of controversy, particularly regarding user privacy and terms of use, with each major change made to the site. Yelp is a social network-based user review site for local businesses in multiple cities in the U.S. It’s growing much faster than older sites like Citysearch, and its spawned offline events where really avid reviewers meet and socialize. It has also gotten controversy with accusations that it extorts businesses to take out ads in return for highlighting good reviews or pulling bad ones. Although Yelp has denied these accusations, a class-action lawsuit was recently filed against Yelp. Flickr is a popular social network-based photo-sharing site. Unlike many photo-sharing sites like Kodak Gallery or Photobucket, Flickr has emphasized sharing photos with the general public and organization by crowdsourcing via tags. Although it does have some services for printing photos and mugs, its main service is photo-hosting and storage, particularly for bloggers and photographers. In addition to hosting photos, Flickr also manages projects like “The Commons” with the Library of Congress and other institutions interested in putting their public domain photos in wider circulation. Slashdot is a news aggregator for self-professed nerds with estimated traffic of 5.5 million users per month. It shares news stories contributed by its users, who also comment on the stories and moderate the comments. Useful contribution is rewarded with karma points, which increases the privileges each user gets. Wikipedia is “the free encyclopedia anyone can edit,” run by the nonprofit Wikimedia Foundation. The number of named accounts for writers and editors is at about 11 million; about 300,000 have edited Wikipedia more than ten times. Despite early skepticism, Wikipedia has become one of the most trafficked sites online and has expanded into multiple countries around the world. Wikipedia has clearly developed a community of avid and enthusiastic users who contribute without monetary compensation, but in its tenth year, it is evaluating the lack of diversity among Wikipedians (only 13% of contributors are women, for one) and what steps it should take to provide access to a free encyclopedia all over the world. Wikipedia has also instituted a number of changes over the years to deal with vandalism and inaccuracies. Open Source Software – rather than look at one particular open source project, for this study, I focused on the book Producing Open Source Software by Karl Fogel, which describes how projects should work. Obviously, actual projects will vary widely, but we decided this was an area worth looking at because the open source movement has spent years figuring out how to structure shared work. The Sierra Club is one of the oldest grassroots environmental organizations in the U.S. It has 1.3 million members, but because it is not a primarily online organization, it isn’t easy to evaluate the activities of its members online. However, it recently created a series of social media sites for online networking among Sierra Club members and supporters and our report focuses primarily on this aspect of their member activities. The Park Slope Food Coop is a local cooperative grocery store in Park Slope Brooklyn. (DISCLAIMER: I’ve been a member since 2005, and my research on how it works is based on my experiences there.) Unlike many coops, membership is predicated on work. All of its approximately 150,000 members are required to work a two hour-45 minute shift every four weeks, which reduces labor costs and thus reduces prices. Despite being a place many people love to hate, it continues to thrive and attract new members. Habitat for Humanity International is a major nonprofit organization that seeks to eliminate poverty housing and homelessness by building decent housing around the world. (DISCLAIMER: I volunteered for Habitat for Humanity in high school and college and participated in a fundraising bike trip in 1999.) Like the Sierra Club, it is also an offline organization, but its website provided more detailed information on how its affiliates work and I drew on my personal experience in trying to understand how Habitat encourages and retains volunteers. Tags: Datatrust, Facebook, Flickr, Habitat for Humanity, My Space, Open Source Software, OSS, Park Slope Food Co-op, Slashdot, The Sierra Club, Wikipedia, Yelp Posted in Interesting Uses of Data \| No Comments »	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line15
__label__cc	0.526953	0.473047	You Don’t Know What You’ve Got ‘Til It’s Gone By David M. Markowitz and Jeffrey T. Hancock J.K. Rofling This article is part of our special issue “Connected State of Mind,” which explores the impact of tech use on our behavior and relationships. View the complete issue here. Americans spend a lot of time on their smartphones. But what can we learn about the connected state of mind by observing what happens when we can’t use our devices? While much has been written about the effects of using our phones, from worries about addiction, concerns about feeling disconnected, or even apprehensions about personality change, our work has flipped this question on its head and begun to examine the behavioral, emotional, and even physiological effects of not using our phones. By looking at what happens to us when we can’t access our devices, we learn what they provide for us and our social life. In a study conducted at Stanford University, we asked students to sit in a room for six minutes. We told one group of students (the resistors) to put their phone on the table in front of them but not use it. We let another group of students (the users) use their phone as they wished, and for yet another group (the controls), we took their phone away and had them entertain themselves with their thoughts. You can think of the scenario as a media version of Walter Mischel’s famous Marshmallow Test. Throughout this six-minute experience, we tracked each participant’s level of skin conductance, which measures excitation and how the sympathetic nervous system responds to stimuli. At the end of the study, we also measured perceived levels of enjoyment and ability to concentrate during the experiment. By looking at what happens to us when we can’t access our devices, we learn what they provide for us and our social life. The videos of the resistors are telling (and funny), with a lot of fidgeting and staring forlornly at the phone they couldn’t use. Indeed, the resistors and the controls found it difficult to sit alone with their thoughts for the six minutes. The resistors, however, reported less concentration difficulty than the controls, and over time, their skin conductance levels were lower than the controls. It seems that just the presence of the phone can focus the mind and relax the body at least over a short time. (The results are described in a working paper.) Is this a sign that our students have become addicted to their phones? We think not. Instead, as colleagues at the University of Virginia and Harvard University have shown, people hate sitting alone with nothing to do because our brains seek external stimulation. As any meditation coach or yoga instructor knows, it takes serious effort and discipline to focus the mind without outside stimulation. The phone, even when it’s not being used, can serve as a cognitive reminder of connectedness, identity, security, and even provide a sense of control. Why might this be? While the phone is a single piece of physical technology, people use media for almost everything, from social connection to staying informed, from professional activities to entertainment, from sports to shopping. By not letting people use their phone, we can see what the phone offers. Regardless of whether it’s used, the mobile device fundamentally symbolizes the potential to be social. We believe that the power of the phone—to connect us to each other—is its most important, and under-appreciated, value. To support this point, we conducted another study, this time at a hospital, where we let some people use their phone in a situation when they usually cannot: while they were undergoing surgery (with a regional anesthetic). Patients with their phone were allowed to either play Angry Birds or communicate with someone by exchanging text messages during the operation. The patients who could not use their phone were six times more likely to require powerful opioids to get through the procedure than those who could communicate by text message with another person. And this wasn’t simply about distraction. Patients using the phone to communicate needed fewer opioids than patients playing Angry Birds. From these studies, we argue that understanding the effects of taking away our smartphones can reveal what the connected state of mind means for us individually and for society. When people cannot use technology to connect with one another, to stay informed, and to entertain themselves, they may lose out on important psychological benefits. Psychology has provided decades of evidence that social connection is incredibly important for well-being, and that a desire for information and entertainment are core human needs. There is also plenty of evidence that we have social brains that have evolved and become highly tuned to seeking out social information. This is precisely what using the phone, with its access to vast amounts of social media, can provide. We should not throw out decades of research from psychology and communication just because technology is involved, especially when these literatures suggest that the phone can facilitate important social and psychological needs. When people cannot use technology to connect with one another, to stay informed, and to entertain themselves, they may lose out on important psychological benefits. This is not to say that there is no value in disconnecting. There clearly is—turning phones off during social gatherings, paying attention to the people we are with, and having time alone and unplugged to recharge are all important. There’s a reason we drive and fly around the world to visit others, despite various social media in our life, because physical connection and interaction are human needs. But to assume that our constant state of connection with the phone constitutes an addiction is to miss the point. Instead, we believe that it’s much more important to consider what the phone is being used for. With this approach, we see one important warning sign of the connected state: Companies that provide media content for the phone are using psychology and strategic communication research to get us to spend as much time on them as possible. The incentives of the attention economy place a high premium on getting, and keeping, a user’s attention. Unfortunately, some psychological techniques are used to manipulate our attention to maximize a company’s profit rather than support our goals, including behavioral primes, distracting alerts, gamification techniques, auto-play of videos, and clickbait posts. These techniques, when used to manipulate us rather than support us, need to be fought against through regulation and education. The changes that technologies facilitate certainly influence our attention, our memory, and our relationships—sometimes for the worse. But this has been true for every technology that has come before, from writing and the alphabet to the advent of radio and television. These changes, however, are systematic and predictable by carefully considering the interaction between psychology and technology. So the next time you’re separated from your phone, instead of worrying about addiction, use that moment to consider the value that the phone brings to your life. The value isn’t the phone itself or how often its used, but who it allows us to connect with and what it allows us to accomplish. David M. Markowitz David M. Markowitz is a PhD student in the Department of Communication at Stanford University, and will start as an assistant professor at the University of Oregon in 2018. His research uses computational methods to analyze how language is affected by psychological dynamics, and evaluates how communication media modify social and psychological experiences. Jeffrey T. Hancock Jeffrey T. Hancock is a professor in the Department of Communication at Stanford University and director of the Stanford Center for Computational Social Science. Professor Hancock works on the psychology of social media, examining how technology affects deception and trust, emotional dynamics, intimacy and relationships, folk theories and well-being. Markowitz, D. M., Hancock, J., Bailenson, J. N. & Reeves, B. (2017). The Media Marshmallow Test: Psychological and Physiological Effects of Applying Self-Control to the Mobile Phone. Working paper available at SSRN. (Link) Guillory, J. E., Hancock, J. T., Woodruff, C., & Keilman, J. (2015). Text messaging reduces analgesic requirements during surgery. Pain Medicine, 16(4), 667-672. (Link) Baym, N. (2015). Personal connections in the digital age (2nd ed.). Cambridge, UK: Polity. (Link) Campbell, S. W. (2015). Mobile communication and network privatism: A literature review of the implications for diverse, weak, and new ties. Review of Communication Research, 3, 1-21. (Link) Clayton, R. B., Leshner, G., & Almond, A. (2015). The extended iSelf: The impact of iPhone separation on cognition, emotion, and physiology. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 20, 119-135. (Link) Przybylski, A. K., Murayama, K., DeHaan, C. R., & Gladwell, V. (2013). Motivational, emotional, and behavioral correlates of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior, 29, 1841-1848. (Link) How Algorithms Can Fight Bias Instead of Entrench It By Tobias Baer Why We Should Crowdsource AI Ethics (and How to Do So Responsibly) By Edmond Awad and Sydney Levine	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line17
__label__cc	0.623728	0.376272	Guide Buying Diamonds Chances are you’ve already heard of the cardinal “4 C’s” when it comes to making a diamond purchase: cut, color, clarity and carat weight. But what exactly do these terms mean? Use Beladora’s guide for purchasing diamonds as your resource to ensure you get the quality diamond jewelry that you or your special someone deserves! Confusion often starts here. Cut should be distinguished from shape: the cut refers to the way a diamond is faceted so as to reflect the light; shape refers to the silhouette of the diamond. A diamond’s cut is important because the manner in which light is refracted in a diamond is determinative of how sparkly and fiery the diamond is; the wrong cut results in a diamond that appears dull, dark and lifeless. There are a variety of different types of diamond cuts, and the right choice depends on the shape, size and quality of the diamond, as well as your own personal preference. The Asscher cut is a vintage cut, similar to the emerald cut. As with the emerald cut, flaws are not disguised by the Asscher cut and a higher quality diamond should be used when possible. Created in the early 20th Century in Holland, the world’s capital of diamond cutting, by the Asscher brothers, the eponymous Asscher cut diamond has continued to be one of the most sought after of all diamond cuts. Asscher cut diamonds are step cut, typically in a square shape, with high crowns and large canted corners. Similar to an emerald cut diamond, the Asscher cut diamond has highly desirable scintillation. For many years, other diamond cuts became more fashionable, especially the round brilliant diamond in a solitaire mounting. Over the last decade we have seen a new excitement surrounding the Asscher cut. Some of the most spectacular jewelry ever created was made in the Art Deco Period. A key feature of Art Deco jewelry was the emphasis on geometry, symmetry and architectural design. Emerald and Asscher cut diamonds, with their geometric step cuts were the diamonds of choice for Art Deco jewelry. The brilliant cut typically refers to a round diamond shape and is the most popular shape in diamond engagement rings. The cut is designed to maximize the amount of sparkle from the diamond. It refers to facets that radiate outward around the diamond. This type of cut can also be used with pear, oval, heart, cushion and marquise shaped diamonds. Variations of the brilliant cut are the old mine cut and the old European cut, often found in vintage diamond jewelry. Old Cushion Cut The Old Cushion cut diamond is an antique cut that has recently seen a resurgence in popularity. Cut in a modified oval with large facets like an Old European cut diamond, this diamond cut has a vintage look that many people prefer. The best way to describe the Old Cushion shape is to say that it has a soft look that resembles a cushioned pillow that you would have on a sofa. The Old Cushion cut diamond was out of fashion for many years as round, radiant and princess cut diamonds with more brilliance became popular. Today there is a new appreciation of the soft vintage quality of Old Cushion cut diamonds but they are relatively rare compared to other more popular diamond cuts. For those who desire the Cushion shape, but with additional sparkle, there is also a Modern Cushion cut which has brilliant faceting. Old European Cut and Old Mine Cut Before the modern Brilliant cut was made possible by advances in technology in the 20th Century, the Old European and Old Mine cuts were among the most popular for diamond jewelry. These elegant multi-faceted cut can be found on much of the antique jewelry from the 19th Century. Both Old European cut and Old Mine cut diamonds are easily recognized by a large open culet. Old Mine is an antique type of cut diamond with a roughly round shape. The asymmetric circular top usually features squared off corners and closely follows the natural shape of a rough diamond. The Old European cut is a later update of the Old Mine cut. These stones feature greater symmetry and roundness with a more even faceting that prefigures the modern Round Brilliant cut. While the Old European cut is still occasionally used today, it is usually seen in vintage or antique jewelry. To the eye of many jewelry lovers, European cut diamonds are extraordinary graceful and sophisticated, calling to mind a refined and majestic past. There is a special charm in vintage jewelry – particularly that which features European cut diamonds. Often referred to as a Square Brilliant diamond, the Princess cut diamond remains popular for its superb sparkle. If you want a diamond that is exceptionally brilliant, a Princess cut can be an excellent choice. Developed in the 1960’s, Princess cut diamonds take full advantage of the stone’s beautiful interior “fire”. In fact, of all diamond cuts, the Princess cut takes the most advantage of the original rough diamond. For this reason, as well as for their brightness, Princess cut diamond are becoming more and more popular. Unlike other square and rectangular diamonds, the corners of the Princess cut diamond are not cropped off, and therefore it is important to make sure that the corners of the Princess cut diamond are protected by prongs to prevent chipping and damage to the diamond. Step Cut (Emerald Cut) The Step cut is a term used for a diamond with stair-like facets. Step cut square and rectangular diamonds are often referred to as Emerald Cut diamonds, and this cut is also used for diamond baguettes as well. With their sophisticated rectangular shape, Emerald cut diamonds possess a clean and elegant style that was popular in the Art Deco period and remains popular as a way to show off a diamond of good color and clarity. The Radiant cut is a relatively modern style of diamond cut that blends the qualities of a step cut and a brilliant cut. Essentially, a Radiant is an Emerald cut diamond with extra faceting. A Radiant cut has 70 facets that catch light and produce maximum sparkle. The Radiant cut is especially popular for colored diamonds. Rose Cut Rose cut diamonds are among the most classic types of vintage diamond cuts, dating as far back as the 1500s. They are faceted across the top of the stone and flat across the bottom. The vague resemblance to the petals of a rose lends the cut its romantic name. Rose cut diamonds are prevalent in antique jewelry and their gentle sparkle can be strikingly beautiful. The designs of Georgian, Victorian and Edwardian jewelry are generally the best place to find rose cut diamonds, although we also find rose cut diamonds in jewelry from more modern eras. Color is another factor to consider when making a diamond purchase. The presence of color in a diamond may either increase or decrease the diamond’s value. In white diamonds, the absence of color is desirable, as more light is able to enter and be refracted in a clear diamond, giving it that extra sparkle. Sometimes color in a diamond, however, is considered valuable in what are called fancy color diamonds in colors such as pink and yellow. For white diamonds, quality in terms of color is graded on a scale provided by the Gemological Institute of America. The scale ranges from D, the highest grade given to diamonds that are colorless, to Z, the lowest grade given to off-color, yellow-tinted diamonds. While diamonds graded D through F are incredibly rare and the most valuable, diamonds of lower grades G through I still appear colorless to the naked eye and are excellent choices as well. An additional consideration when deciding what diamond color grade to purchase is the type of metal the stone will be set in. Platinum or white gold will bring out the yellow in a lower grade diamond, as opposed to diamonds that are set in yellow gold. In addition, your diamond color preference might actually be for a diamond containing some yellow for the warmer appearance that might complement your skin tone. Rare Natural Colored Diamonds While most diamonds used for jewelry are white diamonds and colorless diamonds are treasured, diamonds come in a variety of colors. Most of these colors are extremely rare and valuable. In different shades and intensities, pink, blue, yellow or brown colored diamond may have an almost otherworldly quality, but in actuality their color is caused by natural alterations in their chemical structure. Among the most rare of natural colored diamonds are blue diamonds, the most famous example of which is the Hope Diamond which is a deep blue. Natural colored diamonds represent a very small percentage of the total diamonds mined. Yellow diamonds, which is probably the most popular of the fancy colored stones, constitute less than 1 percent of all known diamonds. Red, brown, and pink diamonds make up an estimated 1.8 percent of natural colored while blue or grey diamonds account for less than 1 percent. Red diamonds are considered to be the rarest type of natural colored diamonds. The most comprehensive collection of rare natural colored diamonds is on display at the Smithsonian Museum in Washington DC. A diamond’s clarity is based on the presence or absence of flaws, or inclusions. The grade is determined by the size, number and location of the imperfections. Naturally, diamonds with fewer inclusions are more valuable. The Gemological Institute of America has created a grade scale in order to aid buyers in assessing the quality of a diamond. When making a diamond purchase based on this scale, keep in mind that for the majority of grades, flaws are only visible with the aid of 10x magnification and therefore affect the value, but not the appearance of the diamond. FL/IF – Flawless/Internally Flawless. Extremely rare, indicating that the diamond contains no internal flaws. VVS – Very Very Slightly Included. There are two levels within this grade, VVS1 and VVS2, the former being more valuable. The flaws in these diamonds are difficult to see under magnification. VS – Very Slightly Included. There are two levels within this grade as well, VS1 and VS2. Again, the flaws in these diamonds are not visible to the naked eye and are somewhat difficult to detect under magnification. SI – Slightly Included. There are two levels within this grade, SI1 and SI2, and though not necessarily visible to the naked eye, the flaws in these diamonds can be detected more readily with magnification. I – Imperfect. There are three levels within this grade, I1, I2 and I3. The flaws in these diamonds do not require magnification to be detected. Carats are units of measuring a diamond’s weight: the larger the number of carats, the bigger the diamond. The word “carat” is derived from the ancient practice of weighing diamonds in relation to carob seeds. Large diamonds are much rarer than small diamonds and therefore a single large diamond is more valuable than several smaller diamonds of equal total weight, all else being equal. However, bigger is not always necessarily better, as you should also weigh the other factors previously discussed such as the color and clarity of the diamond. Round, marquise, pear, heart, oval, triangle – diamonds can be cut in all manner of shapes and what shape you choose should be a function both of your personal aesthetic as well as the purpose for which you are making the jewelry purchase. Certain shapes may be currently fashionable but, given the cyclical nature of trends may be difficult to sell in the future compared to a more classic silhouette. The setting of your diamond ring is an important component in the piece’s overall look. There are a number of settings to choose from, and some are better suited than others depending on the size or shape of the diamond. The prong setting is where the diamond is held in place by small metal prongs to secure the stone while only minimally detracting from the diamond itself. The bezel setting features a collar of metal that wraps about the diamond to hold it in place. The channel setting is where a row of diamonds is placed inside a “channel” of metal, a popular setting for wedding bands. The pave setting is a look with a lot of sparkle, in which small diamonds are placed in holes drilled out of the metal in the jewelry with minimal space between the diamonds, giving the appearance of a paved coating of diamonds. For only a subtle hint of glitter and a modern look, choose a flush setting where when the diamonds are placed within metal so that they are level with the metal’s surface. And for a true vintage look with a lot of sparkle, choose the ballerina setting with diamond baguettes framing a center stone in a waving curve resembling a ballerina’s skirt.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line18
__label__cc	0.555791	0.444209	Page last updated at 12:10 CST6CDT, Wednesday, 17 February 2010 PH The Best Business School In late 2006 when I told my friends that I would be taking a sabbatical leave to teach and do research at the IESE Business School in Barcelona, Spain, the frequent reaction was “IESE what?” Unknown to them, the IESE Business School was already ranked by the The Economist in 2006 as offering the best MBA program among all the business schools in the world. In 2007, IESE obtained the same accolade. This year, the same thing has happened. The Economist ranked IESE Number One among the business schools all over the world offering an MBA program. My alma mater, Harvard, ranked only number 5. Among the other top five were IMD in Switzerland (2), University of California at Berkeley in the U.S. (3) and the University of Chicago in the U.S. (4). The Economist ranked a total of 100 business schools all over the world. The highest-ranking Asian business school was Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (30). As I reflect on the two academic years I spent at IESE in 2007-2008, I can explain why the prestigious magazine The Economist ranked the IESE Business School as offering the best MBA program in the world. The first thing I can say is that the graduates of IESE’s MBA program do not receive the highest salary offers among the European business schools. In fact, other European business schools have graduates receiving higher salaries than those from IESE. That is why, in the 2009 ranking of the Financial Times—which gives high importance to starting salaries—IESE ranks only number 6. What impressed me most in the corporate culture of IESE is the emphasis on business ethics and the social responsibility of business. The students are taught to focus on what they can do for society, while making reasonable profit, and not on obtaining the highest salaries and bonuses possible. The more than 100 full-time faculty members, 99 percent with doctoral degrees, spend a lot of time mentoring the students individually and helping them not only to be competent business managers but also virtuous leaders. As a visiting professor, I myself spent much time chatting individually with the MBA students, especially those coming from Asia, to help them improve their professional skills and to acquire human virtues, especially those that are directly relevant to the business world such as prudence, justice and benevolence. I was also very much impressed with the untiring efforts that the administration and faculty spend on the continuing education of the more than 30,000 alumni of the various programs of the school. IESE’s professors are constantly traveling all over the world to update the alumni on the theories and practices of business management. I myself had to travel all over Europe, Latin America and Asia giving lectures to IESE alumni on global economics, social ethics and emerging markets. This sterling service to alumni is what makes IESE stand out among all the business schools all over the world. From what I know, alumni activities of most business schools are limited to fund raising and socializing or networking. It is about time that young Filipino professionals planning to get an MBA degree abroad should redirect their attention away from the traditional U.S. schools and consider the European business schools such as IESE. Those interested in the program of IESE may consult the website www.iese.edu. For comments, my address is bvillegas@uap.edu.ph.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line20
__label__wiki	0.562781	0.562781	New study from Harvard first to link imidacloprid directly to Colony Collapse Disorder Fri, 04/06/2012 - 00:27 — webmaster [Press release Harvard School of Public Health] Imidacloprid, one of the most widely used neonicotinoid pesticides, has been named as the likely culprit in the sharp worldwide decline in honey bee colonies since 2006. Researchers at the Harvard School of Public Health say their new research provides "convincing evidence" of the link between imidacloprid and colony collapse disorder. "It apparently doesn't take much of the pesticide to affect the bees," says Alex Lu, associate professor of environmental exposure biology at Harvard's Department of Environmental Health, "Our experiment included pesticide amounts below what is normally present in the environment." The Harvard team's research results will appear in the June issue of the Bulletin of Insectology. Lu and his research team hypothesized that the rise in CCD resulted from the presence of imidacloprid, a neonicotinoid introduced in the early 1990s. Bees can be exposed in two ways - through nectar and pollen from treated plants or through high-fructose corn syrup which beekeepers use to feed their bees. As most U.S.-grown corn (maize) is treated with Imidacloprid when it is planted, imidacloprid is also found in corn syrup derived from those plants. In the summer of 2010, the researchers conducted an in situ study in Worcester County, Massachussetts, aimed at replicating how imidacloprid may have caused the CCD outbreak. Over a 23-week period, they monitored bees in four different bee yards; each yard had four hives treated with different levels of imidacloprid and each yard contained one un-treated 'control' hive. After 12 weeks of imidacloprid dosing, all the bees were alive. But after 23 weeks, 15 out of 16 of the imidacloprid-treated hives - 94% - had died. Those exposed to the highest levels of the pesticide died first. Lu says the characteristics of the dead hives were consistent with CCD - the hives were empty except for food stores, some pollen, and young bees, with few dead bees nearby. When other conditions cause hive collapse-such as disease or pests-many dead bees are typically found inside and outside the affected hives. Strikingly, said Lu, it took only low levels of imidacloprid to cause hive collapse, less than what is typically used in crops or in areas where bees forage. Download full study: Lu et al, 2012 In situ replication of honey bee colony collapse disorder Bulletin of Insectology 65 (1): 99-106, 2012 http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/news/press-releases/2012-releases/colony-col... Home page of researcher: http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/faculty/chensheng-lu/ Weaknesses in the Harvard study We recommend to read the commentary by Randy Oliver (scientificbeekeeping.com) on "The Harvard Study on imidacloprid and CCD" Also of interest is the official reaction by Bayer Cropscience: Bayer CropScience Says Bee Study is “Seriously Flawed”. Bayer fails hovever to mention that a major fraction of corn in US is treated with other neonicotinoids such as clothianidin or thiamethoxam. See for instance the study by Krupke et al. 2012: Multiple Routes of Pesticide Exposure for Honey Bees Living Near Agricultural Fields.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line22
__label__cc	0.628172	0.371828	All-abilities Easter egg hunt to be held at Shriner’s Hospital Local News. An Airman monitors an F-35A Lightning II during a hot pit refuel Sept. 14, 2020, at Hill Air Force Base, Utah. Hill Aerospace Museum Merchandise (1) Hill AFB Merchandise (4) Jackets (1) Made in the USA (33) Magnets (6) Models (46) Mugs (7) Pins (5) Rosie the Riveter (19) Shirts (33) Shop (3) Shop All Products (130) Toys (33) Miscellaneous Items Currently, there are 0 confirmed COVID-19 cases at Hill Air Force Base. 2020 Utah Air Show Schedule June 27th and 28th, 2020. SALT LAKE CITY, Utah (ABC4 News) – On Thursday, Nov 12, the Utah Department of Health reported a daily total of 3,919 additional cases of COVID-19 and nine more deaths. Stephen Ministers are members of Hill Air Force Base Chapel Community who have gone through 50 hours of training in providing high-quality Christian care to individuals experiencing crisis or challenge such as divorce, grief, loss of job, hospitalization, relocation, or loneliness. ... Easter Egg Hunt *The event has already taken place on this date: Sat, 03/19/2016 ... Hill Air Force Base. 2020 Utah Easter Egg Hunts and Easter Events. Check back for more details on the 2020 Utah Air Show schedule. The Hill Aerospace Museum “Annual Easter Egg Hunt” draws thousands of people to the museum. The Museum, which opened in 1986, was founded in 1981 as a part of the United States Air Force Heritage Program. A few are having drive-in Egg Hunts, most are simply canceling in 2020 to return in 2021, and holding an online service this year. Hill AFB is … HILL AIR FORCE BASE, Utah --The 75th Air Base Wing is working to provide Hill Air Force Base up-to-date information regarding the current coronavirus (COVID-19) situation. ... Operation Egg. More than 10,000 plastic eggs, treats and prized are carefully places around the museum grounds. by: Staff. The base will observe Thanksgiving Most Easter egg hunts are being held on the Saturday a week before Easter, or the day before Easter Sunday. HILL AIR FORCE BASE — Many Hill Air Force Base offices and services will be closed or have limited hours for the Thanksgiving holiday weekend. Airmen from the active duty 388th Fighter Wing and Reserve 419th Fighter Wing participated in a two-week exercise to simulate a deployed environment. Easter Sunday will be April 12, 2020. HILL AIR FORCE BASE — In recognition of the Veterans Day federal holiday, many offices and services will be closed or have limited hours at Hill Air Force Base Wednesday, Nov. 11. ... 2020. HILL AIR FORCE BASE, Utah --In recognition of the Veterans Day federal holiday, many offices and services will be closed or have limited hours at Hill Air Force Base Wed., Nov. 11.Here is what's open and closed: Airman and Family Readiness Center: Closed Airman Leadership School: Closed Arts and Crafts/Auto Hobby: Closed Bowling Center: Closed Boyer Hill Military Housing: Open 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. United States. This is a great opportunity for the community to visit the Hill … Hill AFB, UT, 84056. Happy Easter! Hill Aerospace Museum is located on approximately 30 acres of the northwest corner of Hill Air Force Base, five miles south of Ogden, Utah. ... Hill Air Force Base (Davis County) – More than 10,000 plastic eggs, treats and prized are carefully places around the museum grounds, sectioned off by age groups. The following is what’s open and closed: hill air force base easter egg hunt 2020 Experience Design Principles, Car Stereo Stores, Historic Homes For Sale In Wyoming, Yamaha Yas-207 Lowest Price, Skyrim Myrwatch Bugs, hill air force base easter egg hunt 2020 2020	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line23
__label__wiki	0.831041	0.831041	Zamalek building evacuated due to land subsidence related to Cairo metro construction Residents of the building, who were evacuated, said they feared it might collapse Zeinab El-Gundy , Sunday 26 Jul 2020 Egypt’s National Authority for Tunnels said on Sunday that slight land subsidence had occurred around a landmark building in the affluent Zamalek district, but denied that the nearby construction of a Cairo metro extension had caused the building to partially collapse. “Slight ground subsidence occurred at one of the corners of building number 17 in Brazil Street in Zamalek as well as at the front yard and fence of the [adjacent] Bahraini embassy," read the statement. The building, which was once home to a number of Egypt’s golden age stars, is located near ongoing excavation work to extend Cairo's underground metro to run through Zamalek. Residents of the 12-storey building, who have been evacuated, said they feared it might collapse. Photos and videos were shared online showing deep cracks in the building's walls and slight subsidence outside the building and the adjacent Bahraini embassy, amid anger from the residents. The tunnels authority said that engineering teams had taken the necessary measures to secure the building, adding that it was conducting studies to ensure the safety of the building. The residents were given EGP 30,000 each in order to find a temporary residence until they are able to return to the building, Transport Minister Kamel El-Wazir said in TV comments late on Sunday. Cairo Governor Khaled Abdel-Aal ordered the formation of an engineering committee to assess the building's condition. According to the governor’s statement, preliminary inspections showed that the building had suffered some damage and vertical cracks, as well as subsidence in its garage; the neighbouring Bahraini embassy building also suffered subsidence. The governor said the building is made of two sections: one overlooking Brazil Street with 37 residential units, including 16 currently occupied, and a second section overlooking Aziz Abaza Street, with 33 flats, 28 of which are inhabited. The health ministry sent three ambulances to the area as a precautionary measure, but no injuries have been reported. Since the announcement that the extension of the third metro line would pass through Zamalek, many residents of the upscale district have expressed concerns, including about the impact of the construction on the island’s older buildings. The incident on Sunday revived those concerns. “The Zamalek Association reminds all Zamalek residents that, back in 2016, we had a meeting with the head of the Tunnel Authority and we presented a list of nine technical queries...requesting an answer to the fears and concerns of Zamalek residents," said the Zamalek Association, a local civil society group, in a statement in English. "Their technical team promised to reply and three weeks later we were sent a CD of six hundred pages of the technical data of the whole project, irrelevant to our queries." The association said it had replied in a formal letter saying that the tunnels authority’s cooperation was insufficient and that “it never heard from them again.” The metro’s extended third line will run from Heliopolis to the Attaba district in Downtown Cairo and then through a Maspero stop to a new Zamalek stop, on to the densely populated district of Imbaba on the Giza side of the Nile. Cairo metro	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line25
__label__wiki	0.911128	0.911128	i’m going to disneyworld by Head Mouse \| May 21, 2009 \| news To celebrate the newly opened “American Idol Experience” attraction at Walt Disney World Resort in Florida, Kris Allen shouted the famous words “I’m Going to Disney World!” immediately after being crowned the newest “American Idol” in the show’s star-studded season finale on May 20, 2009 in Los Angeles. Disney camera crews captured Allen’s celebratory pronouncement on the Nokia Theatre stage mere moments after “American Idol” host Ryan Seacrest announced the champion’s name to millions of viewers watching worldwide. © Copyright Disney \| Paul Hiffmeyer, photographer Not only does the newly crowned Idol shout “I’m Going to Disney World!” at the spot’s conclusion, Allen’s voice also is featured throughout the ad as he performs the iconic song, “When You Wish Upon A Star.” And with the same immediacy that has made the Disney spot one of the most beloved commercials of all-time, the newest “I’m Going to Disney World!” commercial aired on television within hours of the “American Idol” finale. Starring in a role usually occupied by sports stars – including Super Bowl heroes and World Series champs – Allen is the second singer to ever star in the Disney commercial in its 20+-year history. (2008 “American Idol” champion, David Cook, was the first.) The “American Idol” champion’s role in the newest “I’m Going to Disney World” commercial celebrates “The American Idol Experience,” the new “American Idol”-themed attraction that had a February 2009 grand opening Disney’s Hollywood Studios, part of Walt Disney World Resort in Florida. “The American Idol Experience” – the first major theme park attraction in the world based on the popular television series – was developed by Walt Disney Imagineering in conjunction with FremantleMedia Enterprises and 19 TV Ltd. In the attraction, Disney guests are able to experience the glitz and glamour of the “American Idol” television show, whether they are auditioning for a Disney producer, performing on-stage in front of a packed theater or voting for their favorite performance from their audience seats. Performers who receive the most audience votes in the preliminary shows return to star in that evening’s grand finale show. In addition to their new-found theme park fame, the top vote-getting guest in the finale show receives “The American Idol Experience” Dream Ticket – which allows an eligible holder to schedule a front-of-the-line audition at a future regional audition for the “American Idol” television show. By starring in the Disney commercial, Allen joins a lineup of superstar professional athletes who have shouted the famous “I’m Going to Disney World” line. Fittingly, the new “American Idol” will make his celebratory visit to Walt Disney World Resort as Disney Parks asks guests “What Will You Celebrate?” The strength of Disney’s brand within the American experience is evidenced in the importance of this simple phrase, “I’m going to Disney World“, and how it has become part of the vernacular of our society.Congratulations to this season’s winner and we’ll see you at Disney World.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line27
__label__cc	0.711825	0.288175	Caritas (Latin equivalent word for charity) was founded in 1897 in Freiburg, Germany. In 1972, the Jesuit Brother Elie Maamari founded Caritas South Lebanon in cooperation with this region bishops. It became Caritas Lebanon on September 9th, 1976. In 1981, the Assembly of Catholic Patriarchs and Bishops of Lebanon approved Caritas Lebanon’s status and designated it as the official socio-pastoral arm of the Church to assist both individuals and communities and to support charitable and social activities. Caritas Lebanon is a member of Caritas Internationalis, one of the largest humanitarian networks in the world, counting 165 Catholic organizations working in 200 different countries. Caritas Lebanon, the common official socio-pastoral arm of the local Catholic Church in service of the poor and the promotion of love, charity and justice, provides economic development, livelihoods, health and social care, education, migration services, emergency and crisis intervention, human and humanitarian relief and aid, environmental stewardship, as well as advocacy and protection for all individuals and groups of people in need. We accomplish this, in concert with Catholic Bishops and priests in their respective dioceses and parishes, as well as other key stakeholders in their communities by: Holding ourselves to high Christian morals and standards Embracing a socially entrepreneurial network orchestration model Increasing agility and responsiveness to constituents’ developing needs Ensuring efficiency, transparency and visibility of our work Recognizing, valuing and acknowledging the work of all Caritas family members Constantly developing and empowering our teams spiritually and professionally Enabling re-activation of all our fellow Caritas alumni as multipliers and role models to our teams in the delivery of our efforts and services Strengthening coordination and transparent collaboration with our Caritas Partners, governmental and non-governmental institutions, local civic associations and all other benefactors and international donors Encouraging and enabling partnerships between the church, religious institutions, individuals, businesses, local networks, expatriate networks, academia, technological and entrepreneurial hubs, municipalities and the central government, for sustainable human, spiritual, and evidence-based local socio-economic development Delivering a wide range of ethical quality and sustainable community-based services to include development, livelihoods, health care, social care, education, human and humanitarian rights, holistic migration services, emergency intervention, crisis response, relief, aid, protection, peace building, advocacy and empowerment to all vulnerable, marginalized and disadvantaged individuals and groups, in collaboration with the local Caritas champions Safeguarding the environment by committing to intergenerational solidarity and ensuring equal access to resources for current and future generations. Working with, investing in, developing, incubating, accelerating and empowering the youth to take pro-active role in building a cross-generational solidarity by innovating as well as shaping and ensuring an inclusive and egalitarian future where others are not left behind Increasing access through micro-finance and micro-credits and early stage investments for vulnerable people to include youth, women and others Fostering Eco-Systems and Platforms to enable multidisciplinary technological collaboration with technologists and scientists to ensure those most in need are integrated and benefit from advances, while also ensuring modernization, efficiency and promptness in our daily operations and services delivery. Caritas Lebanon strives for an environmentally sustainable economically inclusive developed world in which all people lead peaceful, just, and dignified lives in harmony and intergenerational solidarity To achieve our vision we strive for an overall human, social, economic and environmental development, to improve the quality of life or all people in need. We are committed to helping every person in need regardless of race, creed, identity or beliefs. 1. Commitment to the Church and its Catholic Social Teaching At the heart of our work is our commitment to God and his body, the Church. As socio-pastoral arm of the Church, we are devoted to one another in God’s love, in loving one another as he has loved us, and allow the peace of Christ to rule our hearts and enlighten us to take care of all people in need in accordance with the Catholic Social Teachings so that we may be called one body, the Church. We are all one in Christ’s Justice and Love [Galatians 3:28]. 2. Humanity and Human Dignity We advocate, demand and work to guarantee free and full development of every individual and full respect of the personality of each individual regardless of life style, culture, beliefs and personal values. Our love and unconditional commitment to respect every person and all people and treat them with dignity irrespective of their circumstances is our mission towards humanity and human dignity. We are all God’s Children and we all have an equal right to a dignified life [Galatians 3:26]. 3. Subsidiarity We believe that a community of a higher order should not interfere in the internal life of a community of a lower order, depriving the latter of its functions, but rather should support it in case of need and help to coordinate its activity with the activities of the rest of society, always with a view to the common good [Quadragesimo Anno, 1931]. Our national presence through our dioceses, parishes and 36 sectors privileges us to advocate this and fulfill this principle. We stay close to the people, support and empower them to decide on and solve the problems they are facing, and intervene on their behalf when they are not able to do so themselves. Our work mirrors God’s relationship to humanity, requires restraint and an acceptance of the humble role of a servant leader [Laudato si’, 2016]. 4. Solidarity It is our firm and persevering determination to commit and carry our work to the good of all and of each individual by combining our collective assets, capabilities and intellects in harmony across all generations. We believe that we are all one body and if one part of the body suffers, the whole body suffers with it [Corinthians 12:26]. We are all brothers and sisters, one human family, and we all depend on one another [One Human Family, 2011]. 5. Justice and Charity While we are committed to enabling people to give from their abundance, we are bound by duty to share more broadly in benefits of God’s creation. We therefore strive for justice and work to promote inclusiveness, equity, diversity and prospects for all by committing ourselves at the same time to ensure that all individuals can fulfill their human potentials to the fullest. We consistently work to fight inequalities of wealth and income and promote equal prospects for dignified lives for all. We work on providing short term relief and strive for long term solutions just a Jesus embodied both Justice and Charity [Deus Caritas Est, 2005]. 6. Integral Ecology We value the natural resources we have, as scarce and precious. We are committed for prudent use of our resources and durable actions for protecting the environment by meeting today needs without compromising the ability of the future generations to meet their needs. We are stewards of God’s creation [If You Want to Cultivate Peace, Protect Creation, 2005]. 7. Partnership for the Common Good We work by partnering at the local, national and international levels for the fulfillment of our Gospel’s commandment on respecting and serving the poor. We live up to this commitment for the Common Good through short and long-term partnerships that are informed by continuous and effective consultations with our communities and all stakeholders, built on trust and mutual respect. The foundation of all our decisions and work is inspired by God’s words and the church’s teachings, which reinforce the spirit of partnership and solidarity. United with our partners, we share knowledge, capabilities and resources to take on local and global challenges while advocating a preferential option for the poor [Deus Caritas Est, 2005]. 8. Selflessness, Service, and Humility We are determined to be selfless and humble in the service of our communities in the image of Jesus Christ, our Lord and Savior. We aspire to greatness by humbling ourselves and being servants to those in need [Mark 10:43]. 9. Equal Opportunity We believe in the equality of men and women and value diversity [Catechism of the Catholic Church: Social Justice, 1938]. We welcome all people to join our family as long as they adhere to our values. We firmly advocate and pursue social justice so that all people may have equal access to opportunities and services without any form of discrimination. We love all God’s creations [Matthew 6:25-34]. 10. Integrity, Professionalism, Transparency, and Accountability We understand that serving our communities is a duty and a privilege. As we hold ourselves to high integrity norms, global management standards, and Christian morals, our work is informed by evidence-based planning and delivery, in full transparency and accountability to our people, communities, and partners, by informing them about our work, services and their impact. We understand that true success means achieving dignified lives for vulnerable, marginalized and disadvantaged individuals and groups. We therefore commit to high quality standards in the delivery of services and provision of assistance to meet their needs. We commit our work, heartily, to our Lord and His Glory [Colossians 3:23]. 11. Peace building and Reconciliation We understand that peace building is founded and inseparable from the principles of justice, development, subsidiarity and solidarity. In our work and partnerships, we strive for the fulfillment of these principles and aim for strategic peace building. We readily intervene at the different stages of the conflicts and at all necessary levels of interactions. Our approach is comprehensive and holistic, where we focus on the root causes of conflicts to solve them, while we educate on, and promote non-violent pursuit of change and justice. We devote ourselves to arrive at reconciled, stable and peaceful communities and societies. We follow in the true footsteps of Christ the non-violent change and pursuit of Justice [Post-Synodal Apostolic Exhortation Africae Munus, 2011]. Director of Programs & Operations	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line29
__label__wiki	0.648943	0.648943	Tag Archive \| "2019" Posted on 10 March 2020. Tags: 2019, Abbey Road Studios, Live, Signs, Tesla Tesla visited famed iconic recording studio Abbey Road Studios for a one-night musical event capturing the band performing songs from their legendary arsenal including “Love Song” and “What You Give” along with their classic covers of “Signs” and “We Can Work It Out.” Additionally, the band performed live for the first-time-ever their new song “California Love Song” from their latest album Shock including “Tied To The Tracks” and “Forever Loving You.” The performance was recorded and filmed in 4K high-definition, bringing forth the band’s newest live album Five Man London Jam as an homage to their critically acclaimed live acoustic album Five Man Acoustical Jam. Five Man London Jam will be available on Blu-ray, 2LP vinyl, CD and digital. Five Man London Jam Five Man London Jam [Blu-ray] Miles Away (Live At Abbey Road Studios, 6/12/19) Posted in Hair Metal VideosComments (0) Backyard Babies – Yes To All No Posted on 14 November 2019. Tags: 2019, Backyard Babies, Sweden Backyard Babies are celebrating their 30th anniversary with their newest album “Sliver & Gold“. Backyard Babies demonstrate that they definitely have not lost their grit and feel for amazing songwriting over the years. From upbeat party anthems like “Bad Seeds” to more expressive songs like “Laugh Now Cry Later”, this album takes you on a journey through the most intense album the band has ever produced. “Sliver & Gold” is Backyard Babies‘ eighth studio album, but hardly their last. Energetic and powerful, the band prove that they’re in better shape than ever and most certainly have enough material to last the coming 30 years. Sliver and Gold [Explicit] Good Morning Midnight Shovin’ Rocks [Explicit] Miss Crazy – My Heart Aches Posted on 10 October 2019. Tags: 2019, Aches, Heart, Miss Crazy A generation ago, historic rock artists like Alice Cooper, David Bowie, and KISS showed your parents that they were not living in the 50’s or 60’s anymore. These legacy bands incorporated stunning imagery and stage theatrics to elevate the standards of rock performance worldwide. Many 90’s bands like Marilyn Manson, Slipknot and AFI continued the tradition in spirit, while blazing their own sonic trails. Now, a generation later, Miss Crazy arrives on Earth to reignite the flame of hard rock while honoring the visual standards set by their forefathers. Expertly produced by Ronnie Borchert, Miss Crazy is bringing the sound of excitement back to jaded music fans around the world. Your parents might compare Miss Crazy to their old favorites like Def Leppard, AC/DC, Kix, or Cinderella. However, kids today won’t have anything to compare Miss Crazy to! No other major band today sounds like Miss Crazy! [ebayfeedsforwordpress feed=”http://rest.ebay.com/epn/v1/find/item.rss?keyword=%28Miss+Crazy+Can%27t+Get+Enough%2CMiss+Crazy+Resurrection+Hard+Rock+%E2%80%8E%29&sortOrder=EndTimeSoonest&programid=1&campaignid=5337480716&toolid=10039&listingType1=All&feedType=rss&lgeo=1″ items=”3″] Mötley Crüe – Same Ol’ Situation (S.O.S.) Posted on 08 October 2019. Tags: 2019, Motley Crue, Same, Situation Official music video for ‘Same Ol’ Situation (S.O.S.)’ by Mötley Crüe with additional footage from The Dirt. Same Ol’ Situation was on their 1989 album Dr. Feelgood. Released in 1990 as the album’s fifth single, it peaked at #78 on the Billboard Hot 100 and #34 on the Mainstream rock charts Introduced me to her lover In a cellophane dress Then they bid me a sweet farewell Last time I saw them They were kissing so softly To the sound of wedding bells Well, all around the world It’s the same ol’, same ol’ situation It’s the same ol’, same ol’ ball and chain I said no, no, no No, no, no, alright Girl it’s the same ol’, same ol’ situation You know we just gotta say I’ll tell ya girl it’s the same ol’, same ol’ situation Yeah, uh uh, yeah yeah no, no, yeah yeah [ebayfeedsforwordpress feed=”http://rest.ebay.com/epn/v1/find/item.rss?keyword=M%C3%B6tley+Cr%C3%BCe+t-shirt&sortOrder=EndTimeSoonest&programid=1&campaignid=5337480716&toolid=10039&listingType1=All&feedType=rss&lgeo=1″ items=”3″] Lipstick Generation – Eyes of Love Posted on 13 September 2019. Tags: 2019, Cover, eyes, Kiss, Lipstick Generation, Love Lipstick Generation have released their first music video under the band’s new name. Previously a colorful and theatrical band called Lipstick, the band has debuted a darker and gritter image alongside a music video covering the Eric Carr song “Eyes of Love”. The song first released on Eric Carr’s album Rockology (1999). Eric Carr was the drummer for KISS between the years of 1980 and 1991. He remained a member of Kiss until his death from heart cancer on November 24, 1991. Before Carr’s death, he was working on a series of demos intended for release as songs on future Kiss releases. The demos were eventually released by his former KISS bandmate Bruce Kulick in the year 1999 on an album called Rockology. Lipstick Generation chose to cover the opening track from Eric Carr’s Rockology, “Eyes of Love”. The song and video is meant to pay tribute to rock of yesteryear while also defining the band’s harder and edgier direction. ABOUT LIPSTICK GENERATION: Lipstick Generation is a hard rock band based in Nashville, TN. The band is a musical collective led by two core musicians, Greg Troyan (vocals) and Stephen Smith (bass) with a large number of backing musicians filling out the rest of the lineup. Notable collaborators of the group include Billy Morris (Warrant, Quiet Riot), Phil Shouse (Gene Simmons, Ace Frehley), Tom Pappas (Superdrag) and Kyle Hebert (Dragonball Z, Street Fighter). The band have previously released two albums, Lipstick and Lipstick II. Ron Keel Band – Fight Like A Band Posted on 13 May 2019. Tags: 2019, band, Fight, Ron Keel After selling millions of albums and touring the world as both a metal screamer (Keel, Steeler, and a brief encounter with Black Sabbath) and an outlaw country artist, he has combined those elements into a powerful brand as the Metal Cowboy. In addition to Ron, RKB features lead guitarist Dave “DC” Cothern, bassist El Diablo (aka Geno Arce, also a longtime member of Keel and other Ron Keel projects), Jeff “The Rev” Koller on drums and keyboardist Dakota Scott Schmitt (the latter two are both members of the South Dakota Rock & Roll Hall Of Fame). They have been together for four years – starting out as the House Band for a Sioux Falls entertainment complex called Badlands Pawn. During that era, they toured heavily on their own and with Midwest legends Hairball, and backed up other singers like Paul Stanley, Jack Blades, Kip Winger, Mark Slaughter, Don Dokken, and Stephen Pearcy – and for a 2016 Sioux Falls performance they did a set of covers mixed with Megadeth hits with EMP founder David Ellefson. Those experiences tightened the band into a well-oiled musical machine and cemented their bond as friends. So, when Badlands Pawn went out of business, they chose to stick together and “fight like a band,” hence the inspiration behind the title track of the new album. “We’ve been to hell and back together,” Keel confesses. “Everyone in the band sacrificed a lot, leaving their homes, gigs, families and friends to be a part of that. When it folded, this group was too strong to stop, so we renamed it Ron Keel Band and kept doing what we do – kicking ass.” Ron also credits the band and their music with helping him stay strong as his wife Renée battled breast cancer last year. “This album is a monument to our fans and the tough guys in this band…and it’s the most personal musical statement I’ve ever made.” Fight Like A Band Good Songs Bad Times The Right to Rock Crazy Lixx – Silent Thunder Posted on 13 May 2019. Tags: 2019, Crazy Lixx, Silent, Sweden, Thunder Swedish hard rockers Crazy Lixx are back with another gem of an album that harkens back to the best of ‘80s hard rock, while also keeping a foot firmly planted in the 21st century. “Forever Wild” further cements the band’s status as one of the leaders of the Scandinavian led hard rock revival, cleverly melding a sleaze/hair metal approach (reminiscent of Motley Crue, Warrant, and Winger) with voracious hooks and melodies. With huge choruses, instantly memorable riffs, wailing, emotive guitar solos, and massive production by Danny Rexon and Chris Laney, “Forever Wild” is sure to resonate with old fans and new listeners alike. Singer Danny Rexon says, “Ruff Justice was the first album where I took on the full role of producer, including recording, engineering, editing and some of the mixing. Naturally, there were things that I learnt along the way and, in retrospect, things that could have been done better. On the new album, I was once again the producer, but this time I brought in a whole lot more experience with me and had a clearer picture of what needed to be done to get a GREAT sounding album. So, you could definitely say that the new album is a natural progression from ‘Ruff Justice’. It’s actually the first time in the history of the band where the same band members have recorded under roughly the same conditions, in the same studios, with more or less the same equipment and with the same producer. For the first time, you can hear continuity from one album to the next, so I’d say if you’re a fan of ‘Ruff Justice’, I bet you’ll enjoy this new album the same, if not even more!” The band explores a wider range of styles than ever before on “Forever Wild”. From the hard rocking and anthemic opening track “Wicked” to the AOR inspired upcoming single “Silent Thunder,” to songs like “Eagle”, that sounds like it came off a Bon Jovi album circa 1986, Crazy Lixx manage to blend a love and reverence for ‘80s hard rock with their own unique stamp on each track. Rexon continues, “I think the way the album turned out has a lot to do with the current line-up that we established in 2016. I’ve always been a fan of melodic hard rock and hair metal, but with previous members, we’ve been pulling a bit more in different directions at times, so the result hasn’t always gone towards the goal I’d like them too, certainly not as much as it has on this album. I can honestly say that the way Crazy Lixx sounds today is a lot closer to how I envisioned the band to sound in the early 2010’s (around the time of ‘New Religion’) than how we actually sounded 5-6 years ago.” With “Forever Wild”, Crazy Lixx have set the bar very high against their own revered and celebrated catalog. Their best album yet? We’d say so! Don’t miss Crazy Lixx while they’re on the road in support of the album either, as their live shows are a sight to behold! Danny concludes, “On release day (May 17th), we have an album release show in our hometown of Malmö, along with fellow Frontiers band Creye. I’d recommend this event for all the fans that want to see some new songs live for the first time and get a chance to hang out with the band, get the new album signed, and all that fun stuff. After that, we’re lining up a bunch of summer festivals to kick off touring. I think there is a definite summer vibe to this album and the new songs will really fit well on an outdoor summer festival. Really looking forward to this summer’s shows.” Forever Wild Crazy Lixx – Forever Wild Forever Wild-Crazy Lixx Sweatshirt\|Hoodie for Men Women Black Crash Kelly – Touch Me Posted on 13 May 2019. Tags: 2019, Canada, Crash Kelly, Touch Crash Kelly are back with their first single (“Touch Me”) in ten years and the release of a lyric video for it. Crash Kelly, founded and lead by Canadian guitarist, singer, songwriter and author Sean Kelly, is returning to rock n roll duty with a brand new single, “Touch Me”, produced by Sean and multi-platinum producer/engineer Frank Gryner (Rob Zombie, A Perfect Circle) Crash Kelly‘s sound is best described as 70’s Glam Rock on the early 80’s Sunset Strip… T-Rex and Mott The Hoople by way of Mötley Crüe and Hanoi Rocks, with more than a fair dose of Alice Cooper, Cheap Trick and Thin Lizzy thrown in for proper effect. Initially active between 2002 – 2009, Crash Kelly released two critically acclaimed cult classics, ‘Penny Pills‘ and ‘Electric Satisfaction‘ via Century Media’s rock n roll imprint Liquor and Poker Music, followed by a third album, ‘One More Heart Attack‘ via Opening Day/Universal Music. All three albums were released in Japan via Spiritual Beast/Universal, and a European “Best Of” compilation, ‘Love You Electric‘, was released via the Bad Reputation, earning the band an 8/10 full page review in Classic Rock Magazine. The band toured North America as support for Alice Cooper on his 2006 Dirty Diamonds tour, and also toured the US alongside Century Media label mates Backyard Babies. Crash Kelly also toured the UK and Europe alongside The Quireboys and Enuff Z’Nuff, and in their native Canada as support to ex-Guns N’ Roses guitarist Gilby Clarke (who also produced ‘Electric Satisfaction‘ and ‘One More Heart Attack‘ in his Los Angeles based Redrum Studios). The decade that Sean spent away from Crash Kelly saw him become a highly in demand guitarist, songwriter, producer and collaborator. He has toured the world and recorded with a number of multi platinum acts including Nelly Furtado, Helix, Lee Aaron, Coney Hatch, Honeymoon Suite, Gilby Clarke, Alan Frew (Glass Tiger) Carole Pope/Rough Trade, Harlequin, Trapper, Howie D, Doc Walker and many more. He has recorded four classical guitar albums, two of which charted in the US Billboard Top 10. In 2015, Sean was cast to star alongside Twisted Sister lead singer Dee Snider and Taylor Dayne in Dee Snider’s Rock N Roll Christmas Tale, which ran during the Holiday Season at Toronto’s famed Winter Garden Theatre and played to over 20,000 people. Sean is also the author of the Amazon chart-topping book Metal On Ice: Tales from Canada’s Hard Rock and Heavy Metal Heroes (Dundurn Press), and is a sought after guitar clinician and music educator. He currently teaches Music with the Toronto Catholic District School Board. With the new single “Touch Me”, Sean returns to his glam rocking roots. Musical support comes from Dave Reimer on bass and Tim Timleck on drums. This is the first release for Canadian Shield Music, a new imprint formed by Kelly and Gryner to bring 70s and 80s influenced hard rock to a very specific audience who longs for the days of glossy rock magazines, fully stocked record store shelves, loud guitars and big hooks.” Metal on Ice: Tales from Canada’s Hard Rock and Heavy Metal Heroes	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line36
__label__wiki	0.833432	0.833432	Aberdeen Gardens Historic Museum 55 & 57 Mary Peake Boulevard www.AberdeenGardens.org Tours by appointment. Established in 1934 by President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal as a model for housing following the Great Depression. Aberdeen Gardens was built to provide African American shipping workers with modern homes. The 440-acre land tract included 158 homes that had indoor plumbing, a furnace, great room that served as living and dining rooms, kitchen, closets, bathroom and second level bedrooms, front and/or back interior porch, attached garage, and spacious yards for gardens, fruit trees, and chicken coops. The neighborhood served as a model other communities could emulate. The museum presents an original home as it would have been furnished. Casemate Museum at Fort Monroe Casemate 20, Bernard Road Open to the public daily, 10:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. Free for leisure visitors; group reservations required. The National Historic Landmark features the quarters in which Confederate President Jefferson Davis was imprisoned following the Civil War for treason, mistreatment of Union prisoners, and complicity in the assassination of Abraham Lincoln. Additional historic sites to note within the stone-fort walls include the Chapel of the Centurion, Lieutenant Robert E. Lee’s living quarters, the Flag Bastion atop the fort walls and Quarters One, the oldest Army constructed building at Fort Monroe and the quarters where Abraham Lincoln stayed when he visited the post to strategize on how to take Norfolk during the Civil War. Emancipation Oak Located on Emancipation Drive near the entrance to Hampton University. A living symbol of freedom for African Americans and a National Historic Landmark whose age is unknown, the expansive Emancipation Oak grows at the entrance to Hampton University. President Abraham Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation issued on January 1, 1863 formalized the abolishment of slavery in the states that had seceded from the Union. It was beneath its embracing branches that residents gathered to hear for the first time a reading of Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation. Federation House 123 E. Pembroke Avenue Not presently available for touring, the house was the 1960’s headquarters of the Virginia State Federation of Colored Women’s Clubs, a group Janie Porter Barrett formed in 1908. Barrett, an 1884 Hampton Institute graduate and activist who worked on behalf of women and children, was also founder of Locust Street Social Settlement in 1890 and the Virginia Industrial School for Colored Girls in Hanover County, Virginia in 1915. Hampton History Museum 120 Old Hampton Lane HamptonHistoryMuseum.org Hampton’s remarkable history is presented in ten galleries that span from pre-European arrival through the 20th century. In a new addition to the main galleries, a small but critical new exhibit is present in the Port Hampton Gallery on the first floor. In this powerful exhibit, the Museum explores more deeply the arrival of Africans in English North America. Dedicated heritage tours may be arranged by contacting the museum’s educator. The museum is also the home of the main Hampton Visitor Center. Hampton University Museum Hampton University Huntington Building Hampton, Virginia 23668 Free, Open to the public Mon-Fri, 8 a.m. – 5 p.m., Sat, noon to 4 p.m. Closed Sunday. Founded in 1868, it is the oldest African American museum in the nation and one of the oldest museums in Virginia. The collection of more than 9,000 objects and works of art represents cultures and people from around the world and is the largest in southeastern United States. A changing gallery showcases the work of both new and established artists. Hampton University Campus Tour Begin at the Huntington Building Open Mon – Fri, 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. Established in 1868 as Hampton Normal & Agricultural Institute, the school’s name was changed to Hampton Institute in 1930 and Hampton University in 1984. Today, Hampton University is one of the nation’s top ranked private universities and enrolls approximately 6,000 students of 50 countries. The waterfront campus contains 110 buildings, which include the following National Historic Landmarks: Academy Building (1881), Virginia-Cleveland Hall (1874), Memorial Chapel (1886), Mansion House (1828) and Wigwam Building (1878). For organized campus tours contact Hampton University Museum; smartphone tours and self-guided tours available. Little England Chapel 4100 Kecoughtan Road Tours by appointment Free, donations accepted Virginia’s only known African American missionary chapel, this church was built in 1879 to serve African American landowners in the surrounding Newtown section of Hampton. The chapel offers a permanent exhibit and video program to help visitors understand the religious lives of post-Civil War African Americans in Virginia. The chapel is recognized on the Virginia Landmarks Register and the National Register of Historic Places. Old Point Comfort Site of the arrival of the first Africans to British North America. Present day site of Fort Monroe in Hampton, Virginia. Political Pioneers Luncheon African American Political Pioneers Luncheon and Panel Discussion at the Hampton Convention Center Friday 8/23, 12 - 3pm Teachers apply now for the K-12 Summer Learning Institute	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line37
__label__wiki	0.640969	0.640969	Two die in Addis Ababa bomb explosion Reviewed by Momizat on Oct 14 . ADDIS ABABA, (Reuters) - A bomb blast in the Ethiopian capital Addis Ababa killed two people on Sunday, state radio said. There was no immediate claim of ADDIS ABABA, (Reuters) - A bomb blast in the Ethiopian capital Addis Ababa killed two people on Sunday, state radio said. There was no immediate claim of Rating: You Are Here: Home » World News » Two die in Addis Ababa bomb explosion Two die in Addis Ababa bomb explosion Posted by: Mursal Posted date: October 14, 2013 In: World News ADDIS ABABA, (Reuters) – A bomb blast in the Ethiopian capital Addis Ababa killed two people on Sunday, state radio said. There was no immediate claim of responsibility for the bombing, but Ethiopia says it has thwarted plots of attacks in the past two years and blames rebel groups based in the south and southeast, as well as Somalia’s al Shabaab insurgents. “A bomb blast occurred at a residential house in the Bole district and killed two unidentified individuals,” a report on national radio said, quoting the National Security and Intelligence Service. The explosion occurred in the city’s upscale Bole district, about 5 km (3 miles) from a soccer stadium where thousands of fans were queuing for tickets to a World Cup qualifier against Nigeria and gathering at squares in the capital to watch the match on giant screens. The radio did not mention any suspected link to the match.It quoted the security service as saying it was investigating the incident and gave no more details. Ethiopian troops have been fighting al Qaeda-linked al Shabaab militants in Somalia since 2011, alongside African Union forces from Uganda and Burundi and Kenya. However, the Horn of Africa nation has so far been spared the sorts of attacks the militants have carried out in nearby countries – such as the siege at the Nairobi mall last month and the attack on soccer fans in Uganda in 2010 – although it has been hit by sporadic explosions in recent years. Thirteen people were wounded when an explosive device ripped through a bus near the border with Eritrea in 2010, while a bomb explosion near a court in the capital wounded two in 2011. (Reporting by Aaron Maasho; Editing by Alison Williams) Ethiopia says state of emergency will last six months Miraa transporters in Kenya change route over threat from Al-Shabaab Exclusive: U.S. suspends aid to Somalia’s battered military over graft Ethiopia Used Israeli-made Surveillance Technology to Spy on Journalists, Dissidents	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line38
__label__cc	0.649048	0.350952	Sep-4 Volcanology (is the study of volcanoes, lava, magma and related geological, geophysical and geochemical phenomena (volcanism). The term volcanology is derived from the Latin word vulcan. Vulcan was the ancient Roman god of fire) Wolframite, WO4, is an iron manganese tungstate mineral that is the intermediate between ferberite and hübnerite. Along with scheelite, the wolframite series are the most important tungsten ore minerals. Wolframite is found in quartz veins and pegmatites associated with granitic intrusive Xalnene Tuff Footprints (are a geological academic controversy, concerning a 2005 discovery of 269 markings in a geological layer in the Valsequillo Basin, south of the city of Puebla, Mexico, which were originally interpreted to be human and animal footprints. The layer was variously dated to 40,000 years Before Present or 1.3 million years BP, both dates significantly before the currently accepted date for the settlement of the Americas. A 2010 study argues that the marks were made by recent mining activities) Ytterbium is a chemical element with the symbol Yb and atomic number 70. It is the fourteenth and penultimate element in the lanthanide series, which is the basis of the relative stability of its +2 oxidation state. Zeno's Paradoxes (are a set of philosophical problems generally thought to have been devised by Greek philosopher Zeno of Elea (c. 490–430 BC) to support Parmenides' doctrine that contrary to the evidence of one's senses, the belief in plurality and change is mistaken, and in particular that motion is nothing but an illusion. It is usually assumed, based on Plato's Parmenides (128a–d), that Zeno took on the project of creating these paradoxes because other philosophers had created paradoxes against Parmenides' view. Thus Plato has Zeno say the purpose of the paradoxes "is to show that their hypothesis that existences are many, if properly followed up, leads to still more absurd results than the hypothesis that they are one." Plato has Socrates claim that Zeno and Parmenides were essentially arguing exactly the same point) Off to work..................... Edited September 4, 2020 2:44 pm by Tammy27 (DoubleMsMom) Round 2 ... Asparagus, or garden asparagus, scientific name Asparagus officinalis, is a perennial flowering plant species in the genus Asparagus. Its young shoots are used as a spring vegetable. It was once classified in the lily family, like the related Allium species, onions and garlic. However, genetic research places lilies, Allium, and asparagus in three separate families—the Liliaceae, Amaryllidaceae, and Asparagaceae, respectively—with the Amaryllidaceae and Asparagaceae being grouped together in the order Asparagales. Sources differ as to the native range of Asparagus officinalis, but generally include most of Europe and western temperate Asia. It is widely cultivated as a vegetable crop. Everything's better with bacon! Edited September 4, 2020 3:46 pm by LvlSlgr Msg 368.31943 deleted Boyle's law, also referred to as the Boyle–Mariotte law, or Mariotte's law, is an experimental gas law that describes how the pressure of a gas tends to increase as the volume of the container decreases. Calamity Jane (Martha Jane Cannary) - was an American frontierswoman. In addition to many exploits she was known for being an acquaintance of Wild Bill Hickok. Late in her life, she appeared in Buffalo Bill's Wild West show. She is said to have exhibited compassion to others, especially to the sick and needy. This facet of her character contrasted with her daredevil ways and helped to make her a noted frontier figure. She was also known for her habit of wearing men's attire. Also a musical and album by the same name featuring Doris Day a dodecahedron is any polyhedron with twelve flat faces. The most familiar dodecahedron is the regular dodecahedron, which is a Platonic solid. There are also three regular star dodecahedra, which are constructed as stellations of the convex form. All of these have icosahedral symmetry, order 120. Edited September 4, 2020 5:09 pm by PTG (anotherPTG)	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line39
__label__wiki	0.675465	0.675465	Showing posts with label Jonathan Libman. Show all posts RESCHEDULED! THE MUSHROOM CURE at Greenhouse Theater Center Now Playing May 9 – June 9, 2019 ChiIL Live Shows on our radar RESCHEDULED! New Dates Announced for the THE MUSHROOM CURE at Greenhouse Theater Center Adam Strauss. Photo by David Allen Now Playing May 9 – June 9, 2019 The Greenhouse Theater Center today announced Adam Strauss has postponed his hit one-man show THE MUSHROOM CURE, originally scheduled for April 4 – May 5, 2019. The engagement has been rescheduled for May 9 – June 9, 2019. For ticket exchanges and refunds, please contact the Greenhouse Theater Center box office at (773) 404-7336 or boxoffice@greenhousetheater.org. The new press opening is Saturday, May 11 at 8 pm. Written and performed by Adam Strauss and developed with and directed by Jonathan Libman. THE MUSHROOM CURE is the true story of one Strauss’s attempt to treat his severe OCD with psychedelics. The Chicago premiere of the off-Broadway hit, presented in association with The Marsh, will play in The Greenhouse Theater Center’s Downstairs Main Stage, 2257 N. Lincoln Ave. in Chicago. Tickets for the new engagement are currently available at greenhousetheater.org, in person at the box office or by calling (773) 404-7336. Inspired by a scientific study showing that hallucinogenic mushrooms may cure obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), Adam Strauss embarked on a program of vigilante psychopharmacology. The true tale of Strauss’ hilarious, harrowing and heartrending attempts to treat his debilitating OCD with psychedelics, THE MUSHROOM CURE was named a Critics’ Pick by Time Out New York, which praised it as “riveting… true-life tour de force” and hailed by The New York Times as “mining a great deal of laughter from disabling pain.” THE MUSHROOM CURE first ran in the Edinburgh Festival Fringe garnering widespread acclaim. Critics called the show “hugely intelligent and incredibly engaging,” (The Scotsman) “outstanding,” (Edinburgh Festivals Magazine), and “a revelation” (Broadway Baby). Strauss’ riotous tale appeared next in the New York International Fringe Festival, winning the Fringe’s Overall Excellence Award for Solo Performance. It then was given its Off-Broadway premiere at New York’s Cherry Lane Theatre, where it had a sold-out, extended run, before transferring to The Marsh in San Francisco for its West Coast premiere with a sold-out, extended run. The show then moved to Theatre 80 St. Marks in New York, where it ran for over a year before closing in January. THE MUSHROOM CURE is produced by the Greenhouse Theater Center, in association with The Marsh, a breeding ground for new performance. Location: The Greenhouse Theater Center’s Downstairs Main Stage, 2257 N. Lincoln Ave, Chicago Dates: Previews: Thursday, May 9 at 8 pm and Friday, May 10 at 8 pm Press Performance: Saturday, May 11 at 8 pm Regular run: Sunday, May 12 – Sunday, June 9, 2019 Curtain times: Thursdays, Fridays and Saturdays at 8 pm; Sundays at 3 pm. Please note: there will not be a performance on Thursday, May 16; there will be an added performances on Saturday, May 18 at 2:30 pm. Tickets: Previews: $25 Regular run: $29 - $35. Discounts: $19 students, seniors, teachers, military and industry. Group discounts are available. Tickets are currently available at greenhousetheater.org, in person at the box office or by calling (773) 404-7336. Adam Strauss is a writer and performer based in New York City. He won the Leffe Craft Your Character Storytelling Competition and the New York Fringe Festival’s Overall Excellence Award for Solo Performance. He is also a stand-up comedian who performs throughout the US and the UK. Strauss received his BA in psychology from Brown University. His upcoming solo show The Uncertainty Principle will receive its world premiere at The Marsh in May 2019. Jonathan Libman is currently directing and writing for Amy Schumer's ensemble company The Collective. As a member of the Actors Studio Playwrights/Directors Unit, Jonathan is directing Chazz Palminteri (A Bronx Tale) in Palminteri's new play The Bench, and National Endowment for the Arts recipient David Libman’s play The Townhouse, featuring Joey Collins. He recently worked with Christina Masciotti (2016 Guggenheim Fellow) on her play Raw Bacon From Poland, featuring Sean Carvajal (2018 Lucille Lortel and Obie Awards for Best Actor). Jonathan won a scholarship to write and direct at Tony Spiridakis' Manhattan Film Institute, and has just finished writing two original television pilots, The Little People and Accidents Waiting to Happen. In 2019-20 he will be directing new work by Nicole Pandolfo (2017 Dramatist Guild Fellow), Sam Kahn (Chatter), Eli Walker (Drunk Yoga) and Daniel Mitura (The Picture of Dorian Gray). About the Greenhouse Theater Center The Greenhouse Theater Center (GTC) is a producing theater company, performance venue and theatre bookstore located at 2257 N. Lincoln Ave. in Chicago’s Lincoln Park neighborhood. GTC began its producing life in 2014 with the smash hit Churchill, followed by 2016’s much-lauded Solo Celebration!, an eight month, 16 event series highlighting the breadth and depth of the solo play form. In 2017-18, the Greenhouse presented its first full subscription season, including Machinal (4 stars from Chicago Tribune's Chris Jones) and the Chicago premiere of Birds of a Feather. As a performance venue, the Greenhouse complex offers two newly-remodeled 198-seat main stage spaces, two 60-seat studio theaters, a newly-built 44-seat cabaret space, two high-capacity lobbies and an in-house rehearsal room. GTC also houses Chicago’s only dedicated used theatre bookstore, located on the second floor the complex. The Greenhouse Theater Center’s mission is first and foremost to grow local theatre. GTC seeks local theatre companies and artists to partner on co-productions, offering partners a multitude of resources including an equitable split of production costs, production manager, full-service box office and front-of-house staff, artistic consultation, marketing and public relations support and a full-service bar with concessions. For additional information, contact Nicholas Reinhart at (773) 404-7336, ext. 13. About The Marsh The Marsh, known as a "breeding ground for new performance," was launched in1989 by Founder and Artistic Director Stephanie Weisman, and now annually hosts more than 600 performances of 175 shows across the company's two venues in San Francisco and Berkeley. A leading developer and outlet for solo performers, The Marsh's specialty has been hailed by the San Francisco Chronicle as “solo performances that celebrate the power of storytelling at its simplest and purest.” The East Bay Times named The Marsh one of Bay Area's best intimate theaters, calling it “one of the most thriving solo theaters in the nation. The live theatrical energy is simply irresistible.” For more info about The Marsh, visit www.themarsh.org or email artisticdirector@themarsh.org. Posted by Bonnie Kenaz-Mara at 7:18 AM No comments: Labels: Adam Strauss, Greenhouse Theater Center, Jonathan Libman, rescheduled, THE MUSHROOM CURE, Theatre Chicago Chicago Premiere of THE MUSHROOM CURE at Greenhouse Theater Center April 4 – May 5, 2019 Chicago Premiere! Greenhouse Theater Center, in association with The Marsh, Presents Written and Performed by Adam Strauss Developed with and Directed by Jonathan Libman April 4 – May 5, 2019 I'll be out for the press opening April 6th, so check back soon for my full review. The Greenhouse Theater Center, in association with The Marsh, is pleased to present the Chicago premiere of the off-Broadway hit THE MUSHROOM CURE, the true story of one man's attempt to treat his severe OCD with psychedelics. Written and performed by Adam Strauss and developed with and directed by Jonathan Libman, THE MUSHROOM CURE will play April 4 – May 5, 2019 in The Greenhouse Theater Center’s Downstairs Main Stage, 2257 N. Lincoln Ave. in Chicago. Tickets are currently available at greenhousetheater.org, in person at the box office or by calling (773) 404-7336. Dates: Previews: Thursday, April 4 at 8 pm and Friday, April 5 at 8 pm Press Performance: Saturday, April 6 at 8 pm Regular run: Saturday, April 6 – Sunday, May 5, 2019 Curtain times: Thursdays, Fridays and Saturdays at 8 pm; Sundays at 3 pm Labels: Adam Strauss, Chicago premiere, Greenhouse Theater Center, Jonathan Libman, opening, The Marsh, THE MUSHROOM CURE, Theatre Chicago	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line43
__label__wiki	0.886581	0.886581	Showing posts with label Stacy Keach. Show all posts OPENING: STACY KEACH RETURNS AS ERNEST HEMINGWAY IN PAMPLONA BY JIM MCGRATH AT GOODMAN THEATRE THROUGH AUGUST 19TH Chi IL Live Shows On Our Radar: PAMPLONA BY JIM MCGRATH AT GOODMAN THEATRE *STACY KEACH RETURNS AS ERNEST HEMINGWAY IN ROBERT FALLS’ WORLD PREMIERE PRODUCTION; OPENING NIGHT IS JULY 15, RUNS THROUGH AUGUST 19* Stage and screen (CBS’ Man with a Plan, Mike Hammer Series, Goodman Theatre’s King Lear) veteran Stacy Keach is Ernest Hemingway in Pamplona by Jim McGrath, directed by Robert Falls—now appearing in the Owen Theatre through August 19. Originally scheduled for spring 2017, Pamplona appeared for 11 preview performances, but never opened: Goodman Theatre canceled the run after Keach suffered a mild heart attack and doctors ordered recuperation. Pamplona marks Keach’s second exploration of the literary legend: he earned a Golden Globe Award and an Emmy Award nomination for his portrayal of Hemingway in the eponymous 1988 television mini-series. The creative team includes Kevin Depinet (set), Noël Huntzinger (costumes), Jesse Klug (Lights), Michael Roth (composer and soundscape), Adam Flemming (Projections) and Lauren V. Hickman is the Production Stage Manager. Pamplona appears through August 19 in the Owen Theatre. Tickets ($25-90, subject to change) are available at GoodmanTheatre.org, by telephone, 312.443.3800, or in person at the Goodman Box Office (170 N. Dearborn). In Pamplona, after the prize comes the pressure. Basking in the glory of career-defining awards—the 1953 Pulitzer Prize and the coveted Nobel Prize for Literature in 1954—legendary writer Ernest Hemingway insists his best work is yet to come. Five years later, holed up in a Spanish hotel with a looming deadline, he struggles to knock out a story about the rivalrous matadors of Pamplona. But his real battles lie outside the bullfighting arena; in declining health, consumed by his troubled fourth marriage and tormented by the specter of past glories, he must now conquer the deepening despair that threatens to engulf him. Pamplona is generously sponsored by the Elizabeth F. Cheney Foundation and The Peninsula Chicago is the Corporate Sponsor Partner. TICKETS AND DISCOUNTS Tickets ($25-$90) – GoodmanTheatre.org/Pamplona; 312.443.3800; Fax: 312.443.3825; TTY/TDD: 312.443.3829 Box Office Hours –12noon - 5pm; on performance days, the box office remains open until 30 minutes past curtain Group Sales are available for parties 10+; 312.443.3820 MezzTix – Half-price day-of-performance mezzanine tickets available at 10am online (promo code MEZZTIX) $10Tix – Student $10 advance tickets; limit four, with valid student ID (promo code 10TIX) Teen Arts Pass (TAP) – $5 day-of-performance tickets for teens ages 13-19; subject to availability; limit two, with valid TAP identification. Sign up at TeenArtsPass.org (promo code TAP) CityKey – CityKey Cardholders access half-price mezzanine tickets; limit four, with valid CityKey ID. Sign up at ChiCityClerk.com/ChicagoCityKey (promo code CITYKEY) Gift Certificates – Available in any amount; GoodmanTheatre.org/GiftCertificates Open Captioned Performance, August 12 at 2pm – LED sign presents dialogue in sync with the performance ASL Interpreted Performance, August 15 at 7:30pm – Professional ASL interpreter signs the action/text as played Touch Tour, August 19 at 12:30pm – A presentation detailing the set, costume and character elements Audio Described Performance, August 19 at 2pm – The action/text is audibly enhanced for patrons via headset Visit Goodman Theatre.org/Access for more information about Goodman Theatre’s accessibility efforts. Ernest Hemingway (1899 – 1961) was born in Oak Park, IL, and got his start as a journalist writing for The Kansas City Star after attending Oak Park and River Forest High School. Shortly after, he joined the Red Cross during World War I, receiving the Italian Silver Medal of Bravery in 1918 for assisting soldiers, an experience that would inspire one of his most beloved works, A Farewell to Arms (1929). Following the war, he spent time in Paris, befriending the likes of Gertrude Stein, James Joyce and F. Scott Fitzgerald, and published his first collection, Three Stories and Ten Poems (1923). Next came his first novel, The Sun Also Rises (1926), about a group of British and American expatriates traveling to Pamplona, Spain. Among his many other great works are the Pulitzer Prize-winning The Old Man and the Sea, For the Whom Bell Tolls (Pulitzer Prize nomination), Green Hills of Africa, Death in the Afternoon and To Have and Have Not. On assignment, Hemingway was also present for some of World War II’s most noted events, including the liberation of Paris, and received a Bronze Star for bravery for his coverage of the war. Following the war, he spent an extensive amount of time in Cuba and in 1954, shortly after publishing The Old Man and the Sea, received the Nobel Prize for Literature. Hemingway was married four times, often tumultuously, to Elizabeth Hadley Richardson, Pauline Pfeiffer, Martha Gelhorn and Mary Welsh Hemingway. He had three sons, Jack, Patrick and Gregory. Troubled by financial issues, familial burdens and alcohol abuse, Hemingway took his own life in Idaho in 1961. Stacy Keach (Ernest Hemingway) performed in top motion picture and television projects while continuing to add to his stage work, both classical and Broadway. His most recent motion picture, Gotti, starring John Travolta, is set to premiere in 2018. Other recent films include director Stephen Gaghan’s Gold, starring Matthew McConaughey, Edgar Ramirez and Bryce Dallas Howard; Truth, teamed with Cate Blanchett and Robert Redford; and the film adaptation of the Stephen King novel Cell, also starring John Cusack and Samuel L. Jackson. Keach’s filmography also includes John Huston’s Fat City co-starring Jeff Bridges, Alexander Payne’s Academy Award-nominated Nebraska, If I Stay, The Bourne Supremacy, Sin City: A Dame To Kill For, The Ninth Configuration,; The Heart Is A Lonely Hunter, Doc, Up In Smoke, American History, and the classic western The Long-Riders, which he produced with his brother James Keach. Keach recently finished filming the second season of the CBS award-winning comedy series Man With A Plan, alongside Matt LeBlanc and Kevin Nealon. He was one of the stars of the NBC comedy series Crowded, and he guest-starred on Showtime’s Ray Donovan, starring Liev Schreiber and Jon Voight. He also guest-starred on Starz’s second season of Blunt Talk, starring Sir Patrick Stewart, and continues on a recurring role on CBS’ Blue Bloods, starring Tom Selleck. His prior television series credits include his title role performance in Mickey Spillane’s Mike Hammer and Titus. He has been seen on many hit shows such as Two and a Half Men, Prison Break, NCIS: New Orleans and Hot In Cleveland. As a narrator, he has been heard in many documentaries and books on tape. He is also the narrator on CNBC’s American Greed. Keach is considered a pre-eminent American interpreter of Shakespeare, with his Shakespearean roles including Hamlet, Henry V, Coriolanus, Falstaff, Macbeth, Richard III and King Lear (at Goodman Theatre and Shakespeare Theatre in Washington, D.C., directed by Robert Falls). He also led the national touring company cast of Frost/Nixon, portraying Richard M. Nixon. Keach’s memoir, All in All: An Actor’s Life On and Off the Stage, was an initial recipient of the Prism Literary Award for work addressing overcoming addictive behavior. His performance honors include a Best Actor Golden Globe Award, three OBIE Awards, three Vernon Rice Awards, two Drama Desk Awards, three Helen Hayes Awards, the prestigious Millennium Recognition Award and the Will Award, and he has been nominated for Emmy and Tony Awards. In 2015, he was inducted into the American Theater Hall of Fame. In 2016, Keach received a Hollywood Film Award for Best Ensemble in the film Gold. He also received the 2016 Best Narrator Award from the Society of Voice Arts and Sciences in the category of Crime and Thriller for his work on the Mike Hammer audio novels. Keach was a Fulbright scholar to the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art and attended the University of California at Berkeley and the Yale School of Drama. Keach has been married to his wife Malgosia for 31 years, and they have two children, son Shannon and daughter Karolina. Jim McGrath’s first short play, Trail of the Westwoods Pewee, was presented at the West Bank Theatre in New York City in 1987. The next year saw the production of his first full-length play, Bob’s Guns, at the Director’s Company in New York. In 1992, New Jersey’s Passage Theatre produced his play Roebling Steel. In 1995, the Met Theatre in Los Angeles premiered The Ellis Jump, which won McGrath the Ovation Award for Best Writing of a World Premier Play. For television, he wrote detective stories for Simon & Simon, The Father Dowling Mysteries, Matlock, Mike Hammer and Over My Dead Body, as well as the children’s series Wishbone and Liberty Kids, science fiction series Quantum Leap, Codename Eternity and Dark Realm and the television films Elvis: The Early Years and Silver Bells (starring Anne Heche). He also co-wrote the screenplay for the feature film Kickboxer: Vengeance. In 2012, he produced and wrote the documentary Momo: The Sam Giancana Story, which won Best Documentary Awards at the Bel Air Film Festival and The Monaco International Film Festival. He has taught creative writing courses at Patton State Prison in San Bernardino, California State Home for Veterans in Los Angeles and The Center Theater in Chicago. He was trained as an artist leader with Imagination Workshop, by founders Margaret Ladd and Lyle Kessler in 1983, for which he worked with mentally ill and homeless clients for decades as a theater artist. In 2010, he became Executive Director of Imagination Workshop. McGrath is a native of Dallas, Texas. After graduating SMU, he attended Princeton Theological Seminary for two years before embarking on his playwriting career. Robert Falls (Goodman Theatre Artistic Director) previously directed at the Goodman the world premiere of Rogelio Martinez’s Blind Date, the Chicago premiere of Rebecca Gilman’s Soups, Stews, and Casseroles: 1976, and partnered with Goodman Playwright-in-Residence Seth Bockley to direct their world premiere adaptation of Roberto Bolaño’s 2666 (Jeff Award for Best Adaptation). Falls will direct a new production of Henrik Ibsen’s An Enemy of the People (March 10 – April 15, 2018) at the Goodman, and also remount his Lyric Opera of Chicago production of Mozart’s Don Giovanni for the Dallas Opera (April 2018). Recent productions also include The Iceman Cometh for the Brooklyn Academy of Music, Rebecca Gilman’s Luna Gale for the Center Theatre Group in Los Angeles, Measure for Measure and the world and off-Broadway premieres of Beth Henley’s The Jacksonian. Among his other credits are The Seagull, King Lear, Desire Under the Elms, John Logan’s Red, Jon Robin Baitz’s Three Hotels, Eric Bogosian’s Talk Radio and Conor McPherson’s Shining City; the world premieres of Richard Nelson’s Frank’s Home, Arthur Miller’s Finishing the Picture, Eric Bogosian’s Griller, Steve Tesich’s The Speed of Darkness and On the Open Road, John Logan’s Riverview: A Melodrama with Music and Rebecca Gilman’s A True History of the Johnstown Flood, Blue Surge and Dollhouse; the American premiere of Alan Ayckbourn’s House and Garden; and the Broadway premiere of Elton John and Tim Rice’s Aida. Mr. Falls’ honors for directing include, among others, a Tony Award (Death of a Salesman), a Drama Desk Award (Long Day’s Journey into Night), an Obie Award (subUrbia), a Helen Hayes Award (King Lear) and multiple Jeff Awards (including a 2012 Jeff Award for The Iceman Cometh). For “outstanding contributions to theater,” Mr. Falls has been recognized with such prestigious honors as the Savva Morozov Diamond Award (Moscow Art Theatre), the O’Neill Medallion (Eugene O’Neill Society), the Distinguished Service to the Arts Award (Lawyers for the Creative Arts), the Illinois Arts Council Governor’s Award and induction into the Theater Hall of Fame. About Goodman Theatre AMERICA’S “BEST REGIONAL THEATRE” (Time magazine), Goodman Theatre is a premier not-for-profit organization distinguished by the excellence and scope of its artistic programming and civic engagement. Led by Artistic Director Robert Falls and Executive Director Roche Schulfer, the theater’s artistic priorities include new play development (more than 150 world or American premieres), large scale musical theater works and reimagined classics (celebrated revivals include Falls’ productions of Death of a Salesman and The Iceman Cometh). Goodman Theatre artists and productions have earned two Pulitzer Prizes, 22 Tony Awards, over 160 Jeff Awards and many more accolades. In addition, the Goodman is the first theater in the world to produce all 10 plays in August Wilson’s “American Century Cycle” and its annual holiday tradition A Christmas Carol, which celebrated its 40th anniversary this season, has created a new generation of theatergoers. The Goodman also frequently serves as a production partner with local off-Loop theaters and national and international companies by providing financial support or physical space for a variety of artistic endeavors. Committed to three core values of Quality, Diversity and Community, the Goodman proactively makes inclusion the fabric of the institution and develops education and community engagement programs that support arts as education. This practice uses the process of artistic creation to inspire and empower youth, lifelong learners and audiences to find and/or enhance their voices, stories and abilities. The Goodman’s Alice Rapoport Center for Education and Engagement is the home of such programming, most offered free of charge, and has vastly expanded the theater’s ability to touch the lives of Chicagoland citizens (with 85% of youth participants coming from underserved communities) since its 2016 opening. Goodman Theatre was founded by William O. Goodman and his family in honor of their son Kenneth, an important figure in Chicago’s cultural renaissance in the early 1900s. The Goodman family’s legacy lives on through the continued work and dedication of Kenneth’s family, including Albert Ivar Goodman, who with his late mother, Edith-Marie Appleton, contributed the necessary funds for the creation of the new Goodman center in 2000. Today, Goodman Theatre leadership also includes the distinguished members of the Artistic Collective: Brian Dennehy, Rebecca Gilman, Henry Godinez, Dael Orlandersmith, Steve Scott, Chuck Smith, Regina Taylor, Henry Wishcamper and Mary Zimmerman. David W. Fox, Jr. is Chair of Goodman Theatre’s Board of Trustees, Cynthia K. Scholl is Women’s Board President and Justin A. Kulovsek is President of the Scenemakers Board for young professionals. Labels: Ernest Hemingway, Goodman Theatre, opening, Pamplona, shows on our radar, Stacy Keach, Theatre Chicago TICKETS NOW ON SALE: STACY KEACH RETURNS AS ERNEST HEMINGWAY IN THE HIGHLY-ANTICIPATED RESCHEDULED PAMPLONA AT GOODMAN THEATRE Chi, IL LIVE Shows On Our Radar: THIS SUMMER, STACY KEACH RETURNS AS ERNEST HEMINGWAY IN THE HIGHLY-ANTICIPATED RESCHEDULED BY JIM MCGRATH, DIRECTED BY ROBERT FALLS AT GOODMAN THEATRE THE WORLD PREMIERE PRODUCTION APPEARS JULY 10 – AUGUST 19, 2018; *TICKETS NOW ON SALE* Here at ChiIL Live Shows, we were there on the ill-fated opening night when PAMPLONA was postponed. We're thrilled to have another chance to see Stacy Keach as Ernest Hemingway, in a role built for him, directed by Artistic Director Robert Falls. Goodman Theatre announces the Summer 2018 return of Jim McGrath’s Pamplona starring stage and screen veteran Stacy Keach as Ernest Hemingway, directed by Artistic Director Robert Falls. Originally scheduled for Spring 2017, Pamplona appeared for 11 preview performances but closed prematurely after its star suddenly fell ill on Opening Night and doctors ordered recuperation. Keach’s return to Pamplona marks the stage and screen actor’s second exploration of the literary legend: he earned a Golden Globe Award and an Emmy Award nomination for his portrayal of Hemingway in the eponymous 1988 television mini-series. Pamplona appears July 10 – August 19 in the Owen Theatre. Tickets now on sale at GoodmanTheatre.org/Pamplona and by telephone, 312.443.3800, or in person at the Goodman Box Office (170 N. Dearborn). “I’m thrilled to reunite with Stacy Keach and Jim McGrath for what I know will be a triumphant return to this beautifully rendered work about one of our most charismatic yet complicated literary titans—and a Chicagoland native—Ernest Hemingway,” said Artistic Director Robert Falls. Falls and Keach previously collaborated King Lear (2006) and Arthur Miller’s final play, Finishing the Picture (2004). “I’m deeply grateful to Robert Falls, Goodman Theatre, and the good people of Chicago for encouraging me and allowing me to ‘get back on the horse,” said Stacy Keach. “I’m so excited to be returning to Pamplona and the great city.” Ernest Hemingway (1899 – 1961) was born in Oak Park, IL, and got his start as a journalist writing for The Kansas City Star after attending Oak Park and River Forest High School. Shortly after, he joined the Red Cross during World War I, receiving the Italian Silver Medal of Bravery in 1918 for assisting soldiers, an experience that would inspire one of his most beloved works A Farewell to Arms (1929). Following the war, he spent time in Paris, befriending the likes of Gertrude Stein, James Joyce and F. Scott Fitzgerald, and published his first collection of stories Three Stories and Ten Poems (1923). Next came his first novel The Sun Also Rises (1926), about a group of British and American expatriates traveling to Pamplona, Spain. Among his many other great works are the Pulitzer Prize-winning The Old Man and the Sea, For the Whom Bell Tolls (Pulitzer Prize nomination), Green Hills of Africa, Death in the Afternoon and To Have and Have Not. On assignment, Hemingway was also present for some of World War II’s most noted events including the liberation of Paris, and received a Bronze Star for bravery for his coverage of the war. Following the war, he spent an extensive amount of time in Cuba and in 1954, shortly after publishing The Old Man and the Sea, received the Nobel Prize for Literature. Hemingway was married four times, often tumultuously, to Elizabeth Hadley Richardson, Pauline Pfeiffer, Martha Gelhorn and Mary Welsh Hemingway. He had three sons, Jack, Patrick and Gregory. Troubled by financial issues, familial burdens and alcohol abuse, Hemingway took his own life in Idaho in 1961. AMERICA’S “BEST REGIONAL THEATRE” (Time magazine), Goodman Theatre is a premier not-for-profit organization distinguished by the excellence and scope of its artistic programming and civic engagement. Led by Artistic Director Robert Falls and Executive Director Roche Schulfer, the theater’s artistic priorities include new play development (more than 150 world or American premieres), large scale musical theater works and reimagined classics (celebrated revivals include Falls’ productions of Death of a Salesman and The Iceman Cometh). Goodman Theatre artists and productions have earned two Pulitzer Prizes, 22 Tony Awards, over 160 Jeff Awards and many more accolades. In addition, the Goodman is the first theater in the world to produce all 10 plays in August Wilson’s “American Century Cycle” and its annual holiday tradition A Christmas Carol, which celebrates its 40th anniversary this season, has created a new generation of theatergoers. The Goodman also frequently serves as a production partner with local off-Loop theaters and national and international companies by providing financial support or physical space for a variety of artistic endeavors. Labels: Goodman Theatre, opening, Pamplona, shows on our radar, Stacy Keach, Theatre Chicago Stacy Keach Recovering From Mild Heart Attack During Pamplona Opening Night at Goodman Theatre GOODMAN THEATRE ANNOUNCES UPDATE ABOUT PAMPLONA’S STACY KEACH Here at ChiIL Live Shows and ChiIL Mama our hearts go out to Stacy Keach's family and friends and we wish him a speedy and full recovery. My husband, Dug, has worked on location sound for numerous American Greed episodes for years now, a long running CNBC show that Stacy Keach narrates. I was also at the press opening where Goodman halted Pamplona, and for obvious reasons, we won't be reviewing unless a remount happens down the road. After a week of medical observation, it is now confirmed that stage and screen star Stacy Keach experienced a mild heart attack during the May 30 opening night performance of Pamplona, a one-man show by Jim McGrath. After it became clear that Keach was struggling, the performance was halted midway by Goodman Artistic Director Robert Falls. According to doctors, Keach is expected to make a complete recovery following a period of cardiac rehabilitation and rest. As previously announced, all remaining performances of Pamplona have been canceled; however, plans to reschedule the production are underway. “On behalf of Stacy Keach, his family and the Goodman, we would like to extend our gratitude for all of the generous support and concern shown to Stacy this past week. I remain awed by Stacy’s courage and strength after experiencing such a disturbing event; his spirits are high and he is resting and recovering comfortably. Jim, Stacy and I look forward to continuing our collaboration on Pamplona,” said Artistic Director Robert Falls. McGrath’s 80-minute, world premiere production starring Keach as the iconic American author Ernest Hemingway was scheduled to run May 19 through June 25 in the Goodman’s 350-seat Owen Theatre. Keach, who has no understudy given the unique nature of the play and his extensive involvement in the project’s development, completed every preview performance from May 19-28. The May 30 opening night was halted mid-performance, and the following three performances were cancelled as Keach underwent medical testing. Ticket holders will be offered a full refund to Pamplona, or tickets to the upcoming Ah, Wilderness! by Eugene O’Neill, directed by Steve Scott. A Goodman Theatre Ticket Services representative will be in touch, or patrons can call 312.443.3800 or visit the box office in-person at 170 N. Dearborn (the box office is open daily from 12 noon to 5pm; on performance days, it remains open until 30 minutes past curtain). The Goodman is grateful for its Pamplona sponsors, including The Elizabeth F. Cheney Foundation (Major Support) and Hinshaw & Culbertson LLP (Contributing Sponsor) with additional support from the Director’s Society. Labels: American Greed, Cancelled, Goodman Theatre, heart attack, Pamplona, refund, reschedule, Stacy Keach	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line44
__label__wiki	0.695427	0.695427	Andy Rotherham \| Tedeschi Trucks Band, Drive By Truckers, and Marcus King Band The Wolf Trap Performing Arts Center outside of Washington, D.C. is a national treasure. The lovely amphitheater with cozy lawn seating and plenty of covered reserved seating is owned by the National Park Service. This means they’re good with patrons bringing in coolers and picnic blankets to enjoy dinner and drinks before (and during) the shows because they are not most concerned with selling you $15 beers. Over the years the venue has evolved into hosting great rock and roll while still retaining a wide array of programming. I remember some of their early forays into edgier music, a 1989 show with the Pogues, Mojo Nixon, and the Violent Femmes ended up somewhat chaotic as ushers used to the National Symphony and orderly seating confronted a crowd that really wanted to get close to the bands. These days it’s a well oiled machine with a great summer line up. On July 11thWolf Trap again hosted the Tedeschi Trucks Band summer tour, Wheels of Soul. The day gave way to a lovely evening with pleasant temperatures and one of those classic Virginia sunsets that eases into darkness like a gentle stain. This year’s TTB roster featured Drive By Truckers and the Marcus King Band in support. Marcus King opened the night with a rocking set. His dad is bluesman Marvin King so he has a leg up, but he’s unbelievably only 22 and has assembled a fantastic band fusing Southern rock and the blues with a forward looking sound. A prodigious talent, he read the crowd well telling a story about a party at Virginia Tech before landing his set with a rocking “Virginia.” They might have been the third band on a three-band bill but earned a standing ovation from an appreciative audience. Drive By Truckers followed up with a strong set. Whatever the configuration of the band, Mike Cooley and Patterson Hood know how to get it done and the band worked through an earnest set. What can’t you say about a band that’s produced great Southern-infused music for so long, is socially aware, and still parties on stage? They drew a lot from “American Band,” an album that seems more resonant all the time and Hood reminded the audience as he is wont to do in the words of Patti Smith, to just “love each other motherf**ers.” Hard to argue. Finally, TTB took the stage. I like their hard charging sound more in smaller theaters, the kind they play during the colder months rather than the summer amphitheaters. And you get more songs. But they packed a lot into a thirteen-song set. I continue to argue they’re the not-to-miss live act on the road these days. Alecia Chakour is a backup singer, c’mon! Highlights included a hot “Get What You Deserve” encore and Marcus King joining on a cover of “Key to the Highway.” Backup singer Mike Mattison sang out in front and Mark Rivers did as well. Midway through the set a stage hand brought out sheet music and Susan Tedeschi sang “Lord Protect My Child,” one of three Dylan covers in their set. It’s a song the band had not played in a few years, only twice since 2012, and just ten times as of this writing. Beautifully delivered, it needed little explanation for a crowd looking for a few hours of escape but not amnesia from our contemporary troubles. Music-Loving Education Champion: Andy Rotherham Venue: Wolf Trap Performing Arts Center City: Vienna, Virginia Date of Show: July 11, 2018 Photo by Andy Kahn for JamBase.com, which features his take on the show \| Members Of Drive-By Truckers & Marcus King Band Join Tedeschi Trucks Band In Virginia Samsung is Envisioning the Future of Work Scott Laband \| Education in the age of agility	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line46
__label__wiki	0.729176	0.729176	Women on the Web’s creation of Aid Access to provide abortion access in areas where it could soon become (even more) severely restricted couldn’t have come at a more critical time. Women and reproductive justice activists have been sounding the alarm about the inevitable implications of Donald Trump’s presidency for the Supreme Court and abortion access for years. And now those warnings have become an impending reality, with alleged sexual abuser Brett Kavanaugh, who has a ghastly record on reproductive rights, poised to be the fifth vote to either overturn Roe v. Wade altogether or hack apart its key protections. Yet, polling has indicated deep skepticism that abortion rights are even in trouble. A Quinnipiac poll from a few weeks after Justice Anthony Kennedy’s retirement revealed 62 percent of voters believe that “it is not likely that the 1973 Roe v. Wade Supreme Court decision will be overturned within the next few years,” compared to 27 percent who disagreed. This dismissal of women and pregnant people’s concerns, even in the face of a nearly unprecedented threat to our health, safety, and dignity, drives home a critical fact: Far too often, women are forced to prove the reality of our most fundamental experiences in the face of misogynist cynicism — even when our lives may depend on it. In the hours after Kennedy’s retirement, journalist Brian Stelter took to Twitter to respond to a woman who had drawn a comparison between the dystopian novel-turned-Hulu-drama The Handmaid’s Tale and the future of the United States: “We are not ‘a few steps from ‘The Handmaids Tale,’” he wrote, adding, “I don’t think this kind of fear-mongering helps anybody.” The tweet was followed by similar perspectives from journalists and media outlets across the political spectrum. From a Wall Street Journal editorial board dismissing the possibility of Roe’s reversal as left-wing farce, to a Washington Post op-ed quite literally titled “Calm down. Roe v. Wade isn’t going anywhere,” men and media figures of all political ideologies seemed to believe the real problem was not the threat of political forces conspiring to roll back women’s most fundamental human rights, but women having the audacity to speak out against this threat. In a painfully ironic twist, it was predominantly conservative politicians, from Senators Mitch McConnell to Orrin Hatch, and media outlets including Breitbart, Townhall, and others, accusing women of being hysterical about the threat to their reproductive rights. Despite the fact that the Republican Party’s 2016 platform included stacking the courts to reverse pro-choice decisions; despite Donald Trump’s endless campaign trail promises to not just appoint anti-choice justices to the high court but even to criminalize abortion; despite Mike Pence’s recurring rallying cry of sending Roe back to “the ash heap of history.” To hear conservatives now call abortion a “settled issue” was pure gaslighting, an attempt to portray women as crazy before quite literally killing us. Comedian Samantha Bee summed up the situation aptly in a Full Frontal segment at the time: “All Republicans have done for years is rail against abortion, and now suddenly we’re hysterical for taking them at their word?” There are at least 13 cases that could end or severely scale back abortion rights already in the courts, any of which could be handed up to the Supreme Court by one of the more-than-an-eighth of all circuit court judges who have been appointed by Trump. Roughly 20 states currently have “trigger laws,” or laws and constitutional amendments that would automatically criminalize or make abortion illegal in the event that Roe is overturned. In contrast, pro-choice leadership in some states, including New York, Massachusetts, Oregon, have already moved to pass state laws that would automatically protect abortion rights should Roe be reversed, to prepare for what they recognize as impending realities. States with anti-choice leadership have also moved to proactively prepare for Roe’s reversal: Voters in states like West Virginia and Alabama have successfully placed measures on the ballot that would make abortion illegal if Roe is reversed. Meanwhile, once Kavanaugh was confirmed, groups like the National Network of Abortion Funds and Planned Parenthood almost immediately shared thorough plans for how they will protect abortion access, since the Republican Party’s unyielding war on Roe is one they’ve been forced to prepare for, for decades. In fact, Roe has already existed in an increasingly precarious state for years now. A 2017 study by the Population Reference Bureau revealed that millennial women’s living standards are literally worse than our mothers, in part due to a recent, sharp decline in abortion access across the country. Between 2011 and 2016 alone, 27 percent of the roughly 1,200 abortion restrictions passed since Roe (1973) were enacted. As of 2017, about 90 percent of U.S. counties lack an abortion provider. And sure, a lot has changed since pre-Roe America, when between 200,000 and 1.2 million unsafe abortions — thousands of which resulted in death and near-fatal injuries — took place annually. The development of medication abortion has redefined self-managed abortion into something that is highly safe and increasingly accessible. But surely not everyone will be able to access medication abortion, which is only guaranteed to be effective in the first trimester. Women of color and low-income women would be especially likely to face charges for attempting to self-manage their abortions, as we’ve already seen how they’ve disproportionately been criminalized for the outcomes of their pregnancies in recent years. We know that world-wide, when countries restrict legal access to abortion, the abortion rate remains relatively constant, while the rate of unsafe abortion spikes. And we’ve already seen that pattern in the US: a study last year found found higher maternal mortality rates in states with more abortion restrictions (in a country with the worst maternal health record in the industrialized world). Now that Kavanaugh is on the Supreme Court, it’s incumbent on all of us to proactively support people across the country who may now face tremendous barriers to reproductive health care access. In this new, increasingly dangerous reality, it’s crucial that we support abortion funds, providers, and people seeking abortion care in any way we can, that we call our representatives and demand pro-choice legislation, that we show up in every election and vote for pro-choice representatives. And it’s crucial that we listen to the voices of women about our experiences and threats to our health. Certainly, our work to protect abortion rights will be rendered especially difficult as we shoulder the additional burden of having to prove that the dangers we face even exist. The gaslighting of women amid new, terrifying threats to our most fundamental rights is part of a broader strategy of trivializing and writing off the concerns and experiences of a majority of the population as tangential “women’s issues.” This gaslighting has a purpose: to convince women that nothing is wrong—and therefore there’s no reason for us to show up and fight. And that’s exactly why we have to show up, arm-in-arm, in full force every day. Photo credit: Phil Walter/Getty Images Kylie Cheung Kylie Cheung is the author of 'The Gaslit Diaries,' a book of essays exploring the gaslighting and politics that underlie American women's everyday experiences in the patriarchy. She writes about reproductive justice, women's/LGBTQ rights, and national politics. In her spare time, she enjoys volunteering for political campaigns and re-watching The Office. Learn more about her work at www.kyliecheung.tumblr.com. Kylie Cheung is the author of the book, 'The Gaslit Diaries,' a series of essays exploring the gaslighting and politics that underlie American women's everyday experiences in the patriarchy. Read more about Kylie Kylie Cheung Kylie Cheung abortion access▪Reproductive Rights▪Roe v. Wade▪supreme court	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line49
__label__cc	0.553308	0.446692	Friends of Missouri's First State Capitol Friends of Missouri’s First State Capitol Talk on U.S. Colored Troops Next History Talks Rural Cemetery Movement St. Charles History Talks Historical Children's Festival Children’s Festival for 2018 May 16, 2017 Dorris Keeven-Franke Leave a comment On Saturday, May 19, 2018 at Missouri’s First State Capitol State Historic Site, from 10 am – 3 pm everyone is invited to the greatest “Family Friendly” event in the region. Children of all ages enjoy a day of history, crafts and fun. Interactive demonstrations, Music, Dancing and food provide for a great family day. Greater St. Charles Visitors and Convention Bureau, Friends of Missouri’s First State Capitol help bring you the Annual Historic Children’s Festival. Come live and play as children in the 1820s did. Hear interesting stories about life in St. Charles when our first legislators were struggling to organize Missouri into statehood. Children can pick up a passport and journey through the 1820s while participating in period hands-on activities. This is a wonderful family event that everyone can enjoy! Perfect for “children” of any age! There will be demonstrations for the children of Rope Making, Old fashioned laundry on the washboard, cooking and churning butter, candle dipping, fur traders, writing with a quill pen, the old fashioned one room school house and games. Also, demonstrations by a hide tanner, a basket weaver, blacksmith, gunsmith, wood worker, flint knapper and frontier medicine man. A storyteller sharing stories of her German emigrant family. Visit the goats, sheep and chickens too. Learn period dancing from Dance Discovery, or meet members of the Spanish Militia or the Lewis and Clark Corps of Discovery. Hear the Lewis and Clark Fife and Drum Corps and the Buchanon Brothers ChildrensDance DiscoveryFestivalSt. Charles October 30, 2020 Selena Jackson Leave a comment August 10, 2016 Dorris Keeven-Franke Leave a comment Missouri became a State on August 10, 1821. Its birth was not easy though. The land was purchased by the United States in 1804, and organized into a Territory in 1812, with the first Legislative session held in Pierre Choteau Senior’s home. For the second session they were at the home of Madame Dubrevill on Second Street, also in St. Louis. Residents wanted to discuss Statehood, so they gathered at E. Maury’s Hotel on October 26, 1818. There they began to draft a Constitution, which was completed when the Convention met at the Mansion House on June 12, 1820. This was a large 3 story brick on the corner of Third and Vine Streets, that had been built in 1816. At this session, the Convention also drafted a resolution that the seat of government would remain at St. Louis until 1826, when it would be moved to a point on the Missouri River within 40 miles of the Osage River. The rivers were the highways of their day. The first session of the Missouri General Assembly was convened in St. Louis, and the election returns counted, with Alexander McNair becoming the first Governor. This was followed by high drama at the Missouri Hotel, at Main and Morgan Streets. U.S. Senators were elected by a caucus of a joint General Assembly, and the first seat went to David Barton by a unanimous decision. However, a bitter fight broke out between Judge John B. Lucas and Thomas Hart Benton. For days the 14 State Senators and the 43 members of the House debated and remained in a deadlock. It grew acrimonious and bitter. Then someone remembered that Representative Daniel Ralls had not come down from his room because he was ill. Needing the stalemate to end, a group of Benton supporters, carried his bed down to the Dining Room, where he feebly announced his vote for Benton. He died within a few days. Before it adjourned, and after yet another long fight, they named Saint Charles the temporary Seat of Justice. McNair convened a special session on June 4, 1821 to discuss the objections raised by the U.S. Congress, on the second floor of a brick building on Main Street. That summer the heated debate over slavery floated down to listeners in front of the Peck Brothers Mercantile. A great compromise suggested by Henry Clay, ended the debate. Missouri was a slave state with the institution part of its history from its very beginning. With 11 free states, and 11 states in the Union, it would take the free state of Maine to balance Missouri’s entry as the 24th State. “Whereas the Congress of the United States, by a joint resolution of the 2d day of March last, entitled “Resolution providing for the admission of the State of Missouri into the Union on a certain condition,” did determine and declare “that Missouri should be admitted into this Union on an equal footing with the original States in all respects whatever upon the fundamental condition that the fourth clause of the twenty-sixth section of the third article of the constitution submitted on the part of said State to Congress shall never be construed to authorize the passage of any law, and that no law shall be passed in conformity thereto, by which any citizen of either of the States of this Union shall be excluded from the enjoyment of any of the privileges and immunities to which such citizen is entitled under the Constitution of the United States: Provided, That the legislature of said State, by a solemn public act, shall declare the assent of the said State to the said fundamental condition, and shall transmit to the President of the United States on or before the first Monday in November next an authentic copy of said act, upon the receipt whereof the President, by proclamation, shall announce the fact, whereupon, and without any further proceeding on the part of Congress, the admission of the said State into this Union shall be considered as complete;” and Whereas by a solemn public act of the assembly of said State of Missouri, passed on the 26th of June, in the present year, entitled “A solemn public act declaring the assent of this State to the fundamental condition contained in a resolution passed by the Congress of the United States providing for the admission of the State of Missouri into the Union on a certain condition,” an authentic copy whereof has been communicated to me, it is solemnly and publicly enacted and declared that that State has assented, and does assent, that the fourth clause of the twenty-sixth section of the third article of the constitution of said State “shall never be construed to authorize the passage of any law, and that no law shall be passed in conformity thereto, by which any citizen of either of the United States shall be excluded from the enjoyment of any of the privileges and immunities to which such citizens are entitled under the Constitution of the United States:” Now, therefore, I, James Monroe, President of the United States, in pursuance of the resolution of Congress aforesaid, have issued this my proclamation, announcing the fact that the said State of Missouri has assented to the fundamental condition required by the resolution of Congress aforesaid, whereupon the admission of the said State of Missouri into this Union is declared to be complete.” 1821Saint CharlesStatehood Bringing the Past to Children, Historical Children's Festival Saint Charles Heritage Festival First Missouri State Capitol State Historic SiteFriends of Missouri's First State CapitolGreater St Charles Convention and Visitors BureauHistorical Children's FestivalMOSaint Charles Heritage FestivalSt. Charles Friends of the First Missouri State Capitol Beverly Hoeber Sever… on 2018 Programs	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line51
__label__wiki	0.870048	0.870048	You are here: Home / News & Media / 3rd Canadian Science Policy Conference 3rd Canadian Science Policy Conference by Prasad Krishna — last modified Nov 23, 2011 03:57 PM The Canadian Science Policy Conference (CSPC) organised the 2011 conference at the Ottawa Convention Centre from 16 to 18 November 2011. Sunil Abraham spoke in the session on Global Implications of Open and Inclusive Innovation. The Canadian Science Policy Conference fills a critical gap in the Canadian science policy environment by providing a permanent national forum for discussing science policy issues. The main objectives of the conference were to: to provide an inclusive forum at the national level to identify, discuss and provide insights into the current Canadian science, technology and innovation policy issues; to forge stronger linkages and create networking opportunities among science policy stakeholders; to provide a venue for a new generation of scientists, entrepreneurs and policy makers to interact, innovate and shape the future of Canadian science policy landscape which is required for a knowledge-driven economy; to provide a supportive environment for innovative ideas and projects in science policy, and encourage further collaborations across sectors; to lay the foundation for a centre dedicated to science, technology and innovation policy. Optional Workshop - Science Policy 101 (additional charges apply) Part I: Understanding the Nuts and Bolts… This workshop will provide a general overview of science policy, both in terms of “policy for science” and “science for policy.” The introductory session assumes participants have no prior knowledge of science policy and is intended for researchers, policy analysts, journalists/communicators, students and others interested in gaining a basic understanding of science policy definitions, concepts, governance, key players, key issues, funding, science advisory mechanisms, etc. Led by experts in science policy, the workshop will underscore the importance of scientists’ understanding the impacts of science in the policy-making process and the impacts of policy-making on the research enterprise. Part II: Career Development Workshop: So You Want to do Science Policy... Potentially interested in science policy but not sure where to turn? Join us to explore career opportunities and job-seeking strategies at the intersection of science and policy. You'll hear from and interact with a variety of science policy professionals at various stages of their careers and who have walked quite different paths to get to where they are. The workshop will explore skills needed to succeed in science policy and describe several avenues for learning more about science policy. Whether your background is in the sciences, engineering, public policy or whatever, if you have an interest in working in science policy this is an excellent opportunity to expand your professional network. The workshop will also be your opportunity to suggest how the Canadian Science Policy Centre can best support your career development needs and aspirations in science policy. Jeff Kinder, Ph.D Manager, S&T Strategy - Innovation and Energy Technology Sector Jeff Kinder has over twenty years of experience in government science and in science and technology (S&T) policy in the U.S. and Canada. His experience in the U.S. includes work at the National Science Foundation, the National Academies' Committee on Science, Engineering and Public Policy, and research in applied ocean acoustics at the Naval Research Laboratory. In Canada, Jeff has worked as Senior Policy Advisor in Science and Innovation at Industry Canada and in support of the Council of Science and Technology Advisors (CSTA), the external board that advised Cabinet on the management of federal S&T from 1998-2007. He is currently Manager, S&T Strategy, at Natural Resources Canada. Jeff’s research and teaching focuses on S&T policy, government laboratories, innovation systems and science advisory mechanisms. He is the co-author with Bruce Doern of Strategic Science in the Public Interest: Canada's Government Laboratories and Science-Based Agencies (University of Toronto Press, 2007) and is working on a history of the Science Council of Canada. He holds a PhD in Public Policy, an M.A. in Science, Technology and Public Policy and a B.S. in Physics. Jason Blackstock, Ph.D Senior Fellow CIGI & Research Scholar IIASA Austria With a unique background in physics, technology and international affairs, Dr Jason J Blackstock is a leading international policy adviser and scholar on both emerging geoengineering technologies, and the interface between science and global governance institutions. A physicist by training (PhD) and trade (PPhys), as well as a graduate of the Harvard Kennedy School (MPA), Jason is the Senior Fellow for Energy and the Environment at CIGI (the Centre for International Governance Innovation, Canada) and a Research Scholar at IIASA (the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Austria), where he leads several international research projects evaluating the scientific, political and global governance implications of climate change, energy transitions, and emerging geoengineering technologies. Jason has also been elected Associate Fellow of the World Academy of Arts and Science, and is an adjunct member of faculty at the University of Waterloo’s Institute for Sustainable Energy (WISE). CSPC Supporter’s Caf (by invitation only, open to supporters and community partners) Science and Humanitarian Efforts - POSTPONED TILL 2012 Challenges for Young Researchers: Insights from the 2011 PAGSE Symposium Fuelling Science Policy – new leaders speak out. Young scientists and engineers comprise a critically important, mobile pool of talent that stands to change the geography of knowledge in fundamental ways. Join a discussion with outstanding early career researchers from across Canada, as they present provocative views on the challenges and opportunities they face in driving the science agenda in this country over the next 25 years. Your panelists for this session will come from the top-tier of young Canadian researchers. Prior to the conference this select group will be working together to develop the specific challenges that will be discussed. Members of this group will be identified during the session. Rees Kassen, Ph.D. University Research Chair in Experimental Evolution Despite being less than a decade into his career, Dr. Rees Kassen has quickly developed an international reputation. To the astonishment of more established colleagues, he has already published an impressive four papers in the field’s most prestigious journal, Nature. During his time at the University of Ottawa he has developed a strong independent research program and attracted more than $500,000 in research funding. In the process he has proved his strengths in designing and executing microbial experiments to test theory in ecology and evolution. Dr. Kassen manages to serve on a number of committees both at the university and in the community. His work has also attracted considerable media attention, and has been highlighted in the popular press such as CBC-Radio, the Toronto Star, Danish daily newspapers a podcast for the American Society of Microbiologists. Arctic and Northern Science Policy and International Diplomacy Canada’s share of the Earth’s arctic region is perhaps the largest in the world, but given the shared nature of arctic sovereignty, environmental stewardship and scientific research in this region must proceed within a spirit of international collaboration. Following on the heels of the third International Polar Year (2007-2009), this panel invites commentary from various international arctic stakeholders on the way that science and diplomacy interact and support one another in the process of researching Earth’s northern regions. Anita Dey Nuttall, Ph.D Associate Director ( Research Advancement) Canadian Circumpolar Institute, University of Alberta Dey Nuttall's research focuses on the interface between science and politics in the Polar Regions, and in particular how a nation’s science policy and strategic interests influence and determine the development of its national Antarctic programs. She is currently developing new research on Canada’s strategy for polar science and development of the Canadian Antarctic Research Program. David Hik, Ph.D Professor - University of Alberta President - International Arctic Science Committee David Hik, Professor and Canada Research Chair in Northern Ecology in the Department of Biological Sciences at the University of Alberta, and President of the International Arctic Science Committee (IASC). From 2004-2009 he was also Executive Director of the Canadian International Polar Year (IPY) Secretariat. His research program is focused on experimental and long-term studies of plant-herbivore dynamics and interactions in Arctic and alpine environments. For the past 20 years, most of this work has been conducted in the mountains of the southwest Yukon. Stephanie Meakin Inuit Circumpolar Council Canada Stephanie Meakin has a background in biology with more than 20 years experience as a policy and science advisor to various government and non-governmental organizations, including Inuit organizations at the national and international levels. She is currently the Science Advisor for the Inuit Circumpolar Council Canada and has spent eight years as lead researcher with ArcticNet on various research programs and projects. Russel Shearer Chair - Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Program (AMAP) & Director - Northern Science and Contaminants Research Directorate Aboringal Affairs and Northern Development Canada Russel Shearer is the Director of the Northern Science and Contaminants Research Directorate within Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada (formerly Indian and Northern Affairs Canada). Mr. Shearer is also the Chair of the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Program (AMAP) working group, which is one of six working groups that carry out the work of the Arctic Council. Additionally, Mr. Shearer serves as the Chair of the Research Management Committee for ArcticNet, which is a network of Centres of Excellence, focussed on studying the impacts of climate change within the costal Canadian Arctic. Mr. Shearer has published a number of papers on the presence and impact of contaminants within the North and works primarily under the auspices of the Northern Contaminants Program (NCP). Roberta Burns US Arctic Officer Jenkins R&D Review Panel Report Recommendations - Implications for Canadian Business The Jenkins Report on the effectiveness of $6.5 Billion spent annually in federal programs to support business R&D and innovation, calls for a “rebalancing” away from R&D tax credits - in favour of the increased use if “direct” funding for business. It also recommends a centralization of program delivery, a dismantling and transition of key NRC Institutes and programs such as IRAP, and enhanced roles for the Business Development Bank of Canada and government procurement in supporting Canadian SMEs. Would these recommendations assist Canadian business to conduct more research and innovation activity? The panel will explore these issues. David B. Watters Global Advantage Consulting Group Inc. David Watters worked for 30 years in the federal government as a senior executive and Assistant Deputy Minister in a variety of Economic Ministries including Industry Canada, Treasury Board and Finance Canada. He was the Assistant Deputy Minister in Finance Canada for Economic Development and Corporate Finance, where he helped to shape the economic and innovation investments in five federal Budgets. David then established the Global Advantage Consulting Group Inc. (Ottawa) and is the President of this strategic management consulting firm. The firm provides advice to corporate, association, and government clients in Canada and abroad about strategy development, innovative business models, the design and management of commercial networks, and enhanced decision-making, particularly in the areas of new technology investments, innovation/commercialization, trade, and energy/climate change projects, programs and policy. David holds an Economics degree from Queen’s University as well as a Law degree in corporate, commercial and tax law from Queen’s Law School. He was also an adjunct Professor at the University of Ottawa Management School for seven years teaching International Negotiation to MBA students. Celine Bak Russel Mitchel Group Céline Bak is an internationally recognized author, speaker and consultant on clean technology and on innovation and commercialization. She published and authored a ground-breaking national report on clean technology and on commercialization – the 2010 SDTC Cleantech Growth & Go-to-Market Report. Also published by her firm, the 2011 Canadian Clean Technology Industry Report builds on the 2010 baseline data set for Canada’s multibillion dollar clean technology industry that Analytica Advisors projects has the potential to attain $60 billion in annual revenues by 2020. She is the co-founder of the Canadian Clean Technology Coalition that was struck to create the conditions required to make Canada’s clean technology industry an driver of Canada’s economic and energy productivity as well as an enabler for Canada’s green house gas reduction targets. Céline sits on the Clean Tech Advisory Board for the Department of Foreign Affairs and is a technical advisor to the National Round Table on the Environment and the Economy for Climate Prosperity. She was the co-chair of the 2011 Canadian Cleantech Summit and sits on the nominations committee for the Canada Clean50. She is the chair of the Canada-Brazil Working Group for Clean Technology and Green Energy. She resides in Ottawa with her husband and three daughters. Vice President, System Strategies Wesley Clover International Wesley Clover International, based in Ottawa, Canada, is an investment & management firm with interests in leading edge information technology & communications companies, digital media, real estate and resort properties. As a member of the executive team Michael Turner provides strategic advice and support on technology issues and government innovation policy. In addition to his work with Wesley Clover, Michael also provides consulting services in these domains as well as in the use of Information & Communications Technologies within government, in Canada and internationally. Prior to joining Wesley Clover, Michael spent much of his career with the Canadian Federal Government, most recently as a senior official accountable for executive leadership and management of ICT operations for the Canadian Federal Government’s common services agency, Public Works and Government Services (PWGSC). He also served for a time as the Departmental CIO. During this period, Mr. Turner was a key member of the team responsible for Canada’s success in implementing Internet based e-Government services for its citizens and businesses. Mr. Turner spent 25 years with the Canadian Coast Guard prior to his responsibilities at PWGSC. While with the Coast Guard. Michael served in a series of engineering and management positions of increasing responsibility. This included representing Canada for several years on various technical committees and then the Governing Council of the U.N.’s International Maritime Organization, based in London. For several years, Mr. Turner was the Deputy Commissioner - Canadian Coast Guard. Since leaving the public service, his consulting and advisory work has included projects, workshops and presentations in Australia, S.E. Asia, Africa, Europe, India and Ottawa. He has also participated in the development and delivery of an ICT and e-Government management training program for developing country governments. In 2008, Mr. Turner was a member of the City of Ottawa’s ‘Mayor’s Task Force on e-Government’, the recommendations from which are currently being implemented. Dan Clow, Ph.D Director Policy, Advocacy and Alliances Development Dr. Dan Clow leads the internal Policy Team at GSK focusing on health, industrial, pharmaceutical and biologics policy at the National level and through cross-functional efforts at the Federal, Provincial and Territorial levels. He also oversees a national field-based team serving as GSK’s point of contact for patient advocacy groups and professional organizations (including medical associations and societies). Dan completed his undergraduate and graduate degrees at Queen’s University, graduating with his Ph.D. in Pharmacology and Toxicology in 1988. His neuroscience research interests led him to subsequently complete a post-doctoral fellowship in the Department of Anatomy at the University of Hawai’i at Manoa. Upon returning to Canada in 1990 he joined the pharmaceutical industry in a medical affairs capacity. Dan joined Glaxo Wellcome (now GSK) in 1996 and spent 10 years in the Government Affairs and Private Payer arena. In 2006, he joined the Medical Division where he managed the respiratory business serving as a strategic scientific partner to the marketing division and managing the respiratory collaborative research trials with Canadian scientists and clinicians. In late 2008, he returned to the Public Affairs Division to take on the policy assignment. In 2011 his role and team was expanded to include the mandate for managing relationships with patient advocacy groups and professional organizations. Dan is a founding member and past chair of the Group Insurance Pharmaceutical Collaborative (GIPC) and recipient of the Rogers Who’s Who in Healthcare for his work in private sector and employer-based health management. He is currently a member of both the Policy and Stakeholder Relations Committees at Rx&D. Keynote Panel - Big Picture Perspective on Science & Innovation Policy With continuing uncertainty about the global economy and with persistent public policy challenges that respect no borders, science and innovation policy is of increasing importance for governments and organizations across Canada and around the world. How do leaders from various perspectives view the "big picture"? What are the key challenges and opportunities in the decade ahead and how can science, technology and innovation help to address them? How can states improve the performance of their science, technology and innovation systems to ensure better health outcomes, a safe and secure environment, and sustainable prosperity for their citizens? How are macro-decisions on the state of science and innovation policy being made, and what foundations can support efficient national innovation systems. Dr. Suzanne Fortier Dr. Suzanne Fortier has served as President of the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) since January 2006. She was re-appointed to this position in November 2010. During her first five years, Dr. Fortier brought a renewed focus on excellence to the agency. Changes to NSERC’s funding structure ensure that the best researchers receive the funding they need to conduct world-class research. NSERC now engages more closely with industries to initiate research and development projects with academic partners. Dr. Fortier has also forged stronger relationships with other federal granting agencies and organizations to increase the number and scope of joint initiatives available to researchers. For example, a collaboration between National Research Council Canada, Business Development Bank of Canada and NSERC resulted in an ambitious new national initiative in nanotechnology. Before her appointment to this position, Dr. Fortier held a number of senior research and administrative positions at Queen’s University. She joined Queen's University as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Chemistry in 1982 after holding research positions at the Medical Foundation of Buffalo and National Research Council Canada. She then served as Dean of the School of Graduate Studies, Acting Vice-Principal (Research), and Associate Dean in the School of Graduate Studies and Research before being appointed Vice-Principal (Research) in 1995. Most recently (2000-05), she was Vice-Principal (Academic). Véronique Morin Science Journalist Tele-Quebec Véronique Morin is a journalist in both print and television with over 20 years experience who believes strongly that Science should have an important place in daily newscasts. She is currently working as science journalist for the science magazine program « Le Code Chastenay » on the public network Tele-Quebec, writing freelance magazine articles, as well as developing a documentary project. Recently (idea and research) her documentary “Time Bombs”, about Canadian veterans who have participated in atomic bomb tests, received the awards of « Best documentary” from the New York International Independent Film and Video festival, « Best Documentary » from the Canadian Association of Broadcasters, and Veronique was nominated for “Best research” at the Gemeaux awards 2008. Veronique Morin was president of the Canadian Science Writers' Association (CSWA) from 2001-2005. She was elected the first president of the World Federation of Science Journalists (WFSJ) from 2002-2004. She also serves as a judge on numerous awards recognizing excellence in journalism. Rémi Quirion, OC, Ph.D., CQ, FRSC Chief Scientist & Chariman of the Board Fonds de recherche du Québec On September 1, 2011, Rémi Quirion, OC, PhD, CQ, FRSC, became Québec's first chief scientist. As such, he chairs the boards of directors of the three Fonds de recherche du Québec and advises the Minister of Economic Development, Innovation and Export Trade on research and scientific development issues. Until his appointment as chief scientist, Rémi Quirion was the vice-dean for science and strategic initiatives in the faculty of medicine at McGill University and senior university advisor on health sciences research. He was the scientific director of the Douglas Mental Health University Institute Research Centre, a full professor in the department of psychiatry at McGill University and the executive director of the International Collaborative Research Strategy for Alzheimer's Disease of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research. Professor Quirion was the first scientific director of the Institute of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Addiction (INMHA), one of Canada's 13 health research institutes. His work helped to elucidate the roles of the cholinergic system in Alzheimer's disease, of neuropeptide Y in depression and memory and of the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in pain and opiate tolerance. Rémi Quirion earned his PhD in pharmacology from Université de Sherbrooke in 1980 and carried out his postdoctoral training at the National Institute of Mental Health in the United States in 1983. He has over 650 publications in prominent scientific journals and is one of the most extensively cited neuroscientists in the world. He has received several awards and honours, including the Ordre national du Québec (Chevalier du Québec, CQ) in 2003, the Prix Wilder-Penfield (Prix du Québec) in 2004 and the Order of Canada (OC) in 2007. Mr. Quirion is also a member of the Royal Society of Canada. Ian Chubb Professor Ian Chubb was appointed to the position of Chief Scientist on 19 April 2011 and commenced the role on 23 May 2011. Prior to his appointment as Chief Scientist Professor Ian Chubb was Vice-Chancellor of the Australian National University from January 2001 to February 2011. He was Vice-Chancellor of Flinders University of South Australia for six years and the Senior Deputy Vice-Chancellor of Monash University for two years while simultaneously the Foundation Dean of the Faculty of Business and Economics for 16 months. In 1999 Professor Chubb was made an Officer of the Order of Australia (AO) for “service to the development of higher education policy and its implementation at state, national and international levels, as an administrator in the tertiary education sector, and to research particularly in the field of neuroscience”. In 2006 he was made a Companion (AC) in the order for “service to higher education, including research and development policy in the pursuit of advancing the national interest socially, economically, culturally and environmentally, and to the facilitation of a knowledge-based global economy”. In 2000, Professor Chubb was awarded a Doctor of Science (Honoris Causa) from Flinders University. He was made the ACT’s Australian of the Year in 2011 for his contribution to higher education. R. Peter MacKinnon President, University of Saskatchewan & member of the STIC State of the Nation Working Group Originally from Prince Edward Island, Peter MacKinnon has lived in Saskatoon since 1975. He previously served the University of Saskatchewan as Dean of Law and Acting Vice-President (Academic) and was appointed President of the University in July, 1999. Educated at the University of Saskatchewan, Queen's and Dalhousie, Mr. MacKinnon articled in Kingston and was admitted to the Ontario Bar in 1975 and to the Law Society of Saskatchewan in 1979. He was appointed Queen's Counsel in 1990. He is currently a member of the Prime Minister’s Advisory Committee on the Public Service; a member of the Science, Technology and Innovation Council of Canada; a member of the Board of the Saskatoon Airport Authority; a former Chair of the Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada and has been a Chair or member of several public service boards, councils and committees since his appointment as president. Recent awards include honorary degrees from the Memorial University of Newfoundland and the University of Regina and the Canadian Bar Association’s Distinguished Service Award in Saskatchewan (2005). Peter MacKinnon is currently serving his third term as President and Vice-Chancellor of the University of Saskatchewan. Mingling Politics and Science Reception Registration & Continental Breakfast Jim Roche CANARIE Inc. Jim was appointed President and CEO of CANARIE in February 2010. He is a successful entrepreneur with over twenty-five years of leadership experience, having been a founding member and General Manager at Newbridge Networks Corporation (now Alcatel-Lucent), a co-founder and CEO of Tundra Semiconductor (now IDT), the CEO of CMC Microsystems and the founder and CEO of Stratford Managers, a company he continues to lead. In addition to his corporate duties, he also serves on numerous boards and committees including the ICT Advisory Board for DFAIT, the Committee of Research Partnerships for NSERC, the Expert Panel on Business Innovation for CCA and others. He is also an Executive-in-Residence at the Telfer School of Management at the University of Ottawa and is frequently called on to speak about entrepreneurship, commercialization of innovation, and strategy development. Jim holds a Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering from Queen’s University, where he graduated at the top of his class and won multiple scholarships. He has added to his management skills through intensive programs at Stanford, Ivey, Queen’s and elsewhere. Building Stronger Communities Through Innovation How do we build innovative communities? This is a central challenge for Canada in the 21st century since innovative communities form the foundation of a prosperous country. As more than a decade of research on industry clusters has shown, a robust innovation system can have a profoundly positive impact on local communities when it translates into high quality jobs, industrial growth, new enterprises, improved public infrastructure and services and a cleaner, healthier environment. But building innovation into our communities takes the involvement of individuals and institutions across the spectrum of society. Universities, colleges, research hospitals, private companies, governments and non-profit agencies, along with the talented, creative people that work in these organizations, must be free to work together and share their knowledge and ideas. Yet fostering collaboration and knowledge exchange between different organizations, with different interests and capacities can be challenging. Successful collaboration requires time, resources, communication, shared goals, commitment and risk-taking. A panel of leading Canadian thinkers in inter-sectoral and inter-organizational collaboration will discuss how university and college researchers can work with local businesses to translate new knowledge into new creative products and beneficial services. They will look at the role of research hospitals in contributing to both the health and wealth of local communities. And they will discuss best practices in overcoming the institutional and cultural barriers to collaboration. Gilles G. Patry, Ph.D Canada Foundation for Innovation On August 1, 2010, Dr. Gilles G. Patry became the fourth President and CEO of the Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI). Following a long and distinguished career as a consultant, a researcher, and a university administrator, Dr. Patry brings to the CFI a wealth of experience from both the private and academic sector . Dr. Patry holds a B.A.Sc. and M.A.Sc. in civil engineering from the University of Ottawa, and a Ph.D. from the University of California, Davis in environmental engineering. He was an environmental engineering consultant (1971-78) before becoming professor of civil engineering at École Polytechnique de Montréal (1978-83) and then at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ont. (1983-93). Dr. Patry’s research program at McMaster led him to develop an innovative modelling concept for the simulation of wastewater treatment plant dynamics, and ultimately, to launch a Hamilton-based consulting company, Hydromantis, Inc. His research focuses on modelling, simulation and control of environmental systems. Marie Carter, FEC, P.Eng Engineers Canada Marie is the chief operating officer of Engineers Canada. For seven years, she was the organization’s director of professional and international affairs and secretary to its Canadian Engineering Qualifications Board and International Committee. Her work includes ensuring the implementation of Engineers Canada’s Strategic Plan, which includes activities related to the development and maintenance of national qualification standards for admission to, and the practice of, professional engineering in Canada international activities to enhance the mobility of Canadian engineers. Marie also ensures proper management of resources, distribution of products and services to Engineers Canada’s members and that business operations run smoothly. Marie has also been responsible for projects to increase the recognition of foreign credentials for internationally-educated engineering graduates. Prior to joining Engineers Canada in April 2001, Marie worked for 13 years in transportation engineering consulting and carried out various environmental assessment studies. Marie graduated with a bachelor’s degree in civil engineering from Carleton University in Ottawa in 1989. Respondent and Facilitator Chad Gaffield, Ph.D Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council Chad Gaffield, one of Canada’s foremost historians, was appointed president of the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC) on September 18, 2006. Gaffield came to SSHRC from the University of Ottawa, where he held a University Research Chair and was the founding director of the Institute of Canadian Studies. During his 20-year University of Ottawa career, he also served as vice-dean of graduate studies and on the executive committee of the board of governors. He is a former president of the Canadian Historical Association and the Canadian Federation for the Humanities and Social Sciences. Dr. Kevin Smith St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton & St Joseph's Lifecare Centre Brantford Dr. Smith is President and CEO of St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton and St Joseph's Lifecare Centre Brantford since 2009; and CEO of St Mary's General Hospital Kitchener-all members of the St Joseph's Health System. He is also Associate Professor in the Department of Medicine - Faculty of Health Sciences of McMaster University. Dr. Smith's experience also includes work and training in the areas of medical curricula development, management training for academic health professionals, performance and incentives models for enhanced creativity and productivity and numerous roles in both University and Teaching Hospitals. Dr. Smith is currently co-leading the Government's Emergency Department and Alternate Level of Care initiative, and is also playing a leadership role in the Premier's delegations to China. Dr. Smith also contributes as chair or member of various Provincial and National bodies as well as various private and philanthropic Boards. Fred Morley Executive VP & Chief Economist Greater Halifax Partnership Fred Morley is Executive Vice-President and Chief Economist of the Greater Halifax Partnership since 2002, an organization focused on retaining and expanding existing business and bringing new investment to Halifax. A former professor at Saint Mary’s University, Fred Morley has also served as senior economic advisor to the Government of Nova Scotia, senior policy analyst at the Atlantic Provinces Economic Council, and as senior manager at Nova Scotia Business Inc. He serves as a member of the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council, the boards of the International Economic Development Council in Washington DC, the Acadia Centre for Small Business and Entrepreneurship, and Saint Mary’s Business Development Centre. He holds undergraduate degrees in chemistry and economics from Dalhousie University and did graduate work at Dalhousie and Saint Mary’s University. Fassi Kafyeke Director, Strategic Technology Fassi Kafyeke joined Bombardier Aerospace in 1982. In 1996, he became Manager of Advanced Aerodynamics. As Chief Aerodynamicist, he was responsible for aerodynamic design and development wind tunnel testing for all Bombardier Jets (Global Express, CRJ-700, 900 and 1000, Challenger 300, C-Series. In 2007, he became Director of Strategic Technology, in charge of all engineering research and development activities of the company. He has several publications in peer-reviewed journals and conference proceedings and is the author of a book on Computational Fluid Dynamics. In 2001, he was the recipient of the Grand Prix d’Excellence of the Order of Engineers of Québec. In 1980, Dr. Kafyeke graduated from the University of Liege (Belgium) with a degree in Aerospace Engineering. The following year he completed his Master’s degree in Air Transport Engineering at the Cranfield Institute of Technology (England) and in 1994, he received his Doctorate in Mechanical Engineering (Aerodynamics) from École Polytechnique de Montréal. Hon. Mike Harcourt Lawyer, Community Activist, and former BC Premier Mike Harcourt is a former Premier of British Columbia, Mayor of Vancouver and City Councillor. He is a passionate believer in the power of cities and communities to improve the human condition. As such, as a speaker, author and advisor internationally on sustainable cities, he was appointed to serve on numerous committees, namely as Chair of the Prime Minister’s Advisory Committee for Cities and Communities, Co-chair the National Advisory Committee on the UN-HABITAT World Urban Forum, and as a member of the National Round Table on the Environment and Economy. Mr. Harcourt’s exemplary career as Lawyer, Community Activist, and Politician has been honoured, with the Woodrow Wilson Award for Public Service, the Canadian Urban Institute’s Jane Jacobs Lifetime Achievement Award and the UBC Alumni Achievement Award of Distinction for contributions to British Columbia, Canada and the global community. The Role of K* in Strengthening Science-Policy Integration This fast-paced and interactive session will begin with short (~3-minute) presentations by each panelist, followed by two sets of round-table discussions among participants and each of the six panelists, and a short wrap-up segment. Knowledge translation and brokering (KT-KB) are part of an increasingly-recognized spectrum of knowledge transfer approaches that can significantly contribute to strengthened science-policy integration. The “K” concept was first discussed at Canadian Science Policy Conference (CSPC) 2010 in Montreal and encapsulates the variety of terms used by practitioners in this field, including Knowledge Translation, Brokering, Management, Mobilization, Transfer, Adoption etc. These K approaches recognize the need for active engagement across the science-policy spectrum, and for careful consideration of users’ information needs, preferred format, time frame and communication mechanisms. K* approaches are increasingly being adopted in a variety of fields, including health, environmental sustainability, education, agriculture and international development. Building on the successful one-day KT-KB workshop held during CSPC 2010, this year’s panel will engage the broader CSPC community and: Provide insight into this active, emerging field; Showcase practical and tangible examples of the value and power of KT-KB and other K* approaches in Canada and internationally; Develop the theme of demonstrating the impacts of Knowledge Mobilization activities; Be a waypoint for the first international K* Summit in 2012, and subsequent development of a multi-sectoral forum and White Paper for K* issues nationally and internationally. Alex T. Bielak, Ph.D Senior Fellow and Knowledge Broker Dr. Alex Bielak is a member of the faculty at the United Nations University and also serves as Senior Advisor to the Chair of UN-Water. As Senior Research Fellow and Knowledge Broker in the freshwater programme at the UNU’s Institute for Water, Environment and Health (UNU-INWEH, the U.N. Think Tank on Water) Alex also leads a new Knowledge Management and Mobilization (K*) initiative for the Institute. Previously Alex was Environment Canada’s first-ever Director, Science and Technology Liaison with a mission of communicating science knowledge to targeted audiences and linking science with policy development. Before that he spent over a year as A/Director General, S&T Strategies Directorate, where he set up the Directorate and led the team developing EC's new Science Plan. A NATO Scholar, he has also held senior positions with Canada’s National Water Research Institute, NGOs, and other federal and provincial government departments. Alex holds a PhD degree in Freshwater Biology from the University of Waterloo and has served on numerous National and International Boards and Committees. Recently appointed as an Adjunct Professor in the Department of Communication Studies and Multi-Media at McMaster University, recognition of his professional and volunteer activities includes a UW Science Faculty “Distinguished Alumni Award” on the occasion of UW’s 50th Anniversary and appointment as the first Honorary Member of the Canadian Rivers Institute in 2011. Shannon deGraaf Senior Science Policy Analyst, S&T Liaison Shannon joined Environment Canada’s S&T Liaison team as a Science-Policy Analyst in January 2009. Shannon’s work with S&T Liaison has focused on communicating science activities and results to various decision-making audiences including senior management, practitioners and policy communities; contributing to best practices in science-policy linkages through the development of the Strengthening Science-Policy Linkages Study Series; and highlighting the role of knowledge translation and brokering tools in federal science-based departments and agencies through the development of an Interdepartmental Compendium of KT-KB Tools. Prior to joining S&T Liaison Shannon has had more than ten years of experience in Environment Canada’s Great Lakes Program with a focus on outreach. Shannon has a degree in Environmental Studies from Brock University. KNAER Program Manager, Research & Knowledge Mobilization and RSPE Research & Program Coordinator Amanda Cooper specializes in research-practice-policy relationships. Her interests professionally and academically revolve around improving research use in public services. Currently, she is managing the Knowledge Network for Applied Education Research (KNAER), www.knaer-recrae.ca, an ambitious effort to improve knowledge mobilization in education across Ontario. Amanda has also been the coordinator for the Research Supporting Practice in Education program at OISE, www.oise.utoronto.ca/rspe, since its inception in 2007. There is growing awareness that research mediation by intermediary organizations is integral to knowledge mobilization. Amanda’s doctoral research analyzes efforts made by 44 knowledge mobilization intermediaries (third party, research brokering organizations) that facilitate linkages between research producing contexts and research using contexts to increase research use and its impact in education across Canada. She provides talks, workshops and consulting on knowledge mobilization for researchers, practitioners, policymakers, intermediaries and other organizations across sectors. Katrina Hitchman, Ph.D Manager of Strategic Programs Canadian Water Network After finishing her Honours Bachelor of Arts degree at Mount Allison University, Katrina completed her master’s and PhD degrees in Industrial and Organizational Psychology at the University of Waterloo. Katrina joined the Canadian Water Network in February 2009 to assist in the development and management of CWN partnership-based programs, particularly the evolving research consortia. Katrina conducted a comparative organizational analysis examining the organizational structure and functions of Canadian and international organizations that share CWN’s mandate of using research to inform practice and policy. As CWN continues to explore consortia-based models for putting its research to work, she will focus on the development of knowledge translation tools for researchers and research users, evaluating the success of CWN programs, and pursing opportunities to enhance CWN’s profile as a leading knowledge translation and brokering organization. David Phipps, Ph.D Director, Research Services & Knowledge Exchange York University/ResearchImpact ResearchImpact David is responsible for the management and support of research services (research grants and contracts, research ethics, technology and knowledge transfer); participates in strategic planning; negotiates research contracts and grants, manages research data and develops research performance measurements; ensures compliance with government policies and the University mandate. Louise Shaxson Senior Research Fellow, RAPID Overseas Development Institute (UK) & Associate, Delta Partnership Louise is a senior research fellow at the Overseas Development Institute, UK’s leading think tank on international development; and an associate of Delta Partnership, an international management consultancy company based in London. Her particular area of interest is evidence-based policymaking and the links between knowledge and policy. She has authored and provided guidance on the provision of expert scientific advice to senior policy officials, what constitutes robust evidence for policy making, advised on horizon scanning projects and has published several journal articles and book chapters relating to evidence-based policy making. She has co-authored a forthcoming book on Knowledge, policy and power in international development: a practical guide which will be published by The Policy Press/University of Chicago Press in 2012. Over the past few years, Louise became acquainted with a group of Canadians who shared her interested in evidence-based policy and, in particular, knowledge translation and brokering. Most recently, she was involved with CSPC where she gave a presentation on the distribution of responsibility in policy delivery and relating issues at the Canadian Science Policy Conference in Montreal last October. Global Implications of Open and Inclusive Innovation The context of innovation is being transformed by the growing ubiquity of affordable technologies, such as mobiles, even in the most remote parts of the world. In a June 4 2011 New York Times article, Thomas Friedman indicated that “Carlson’s Law” was an important consequence of these changes: “In a world where so many people now have access to education and cheap tools of innovation, innovation that happens from the bottom up tends to be chaotic but smart. Innovation that happens from the top down tends to be orderly but dumb,” observes Curtis Carlson, the CEO of SRI International. As a result, he says, the sweet spot for innovation today is “moving down,” closer to the people, not up, because all the people together are smarter than anyone alone and all the people now have the tools to invent and collaborate.” In emerging economies, new business models and innovative forms of entrepreneurship are flourishing, particularly in the informal sectors. What can Canada learn from these innovations? How should science policies respond? This panel will attempt to inform debates about the relationship between science policy, intellectual property regimes, changing technological platforms and private sector innovation. To do so, the International Development Research Centre (IDRC), the organizer of this panel will bring together experts from Canada, Brazil, South Africa and India to discuss emerging evidence on these issues, as well as recommendations for decision-makers. International Development Research Centre, Canada Matthew Smith oversees research on the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) to foster sustainable development and socio- economic equity at the International Development Research Centre (IDRC), a Canadian crown corporation. Before joining IDRC, Smith did postgraduate research on the interaction between technology and society, in particular the impact of e-government systems on citizens’ trust in the government of Chile. He has published on this subject and others, including the concept of openness to broaden access and inclusion. Smith holds a PhD in information systems and an MSc in development studies from the London School of Economics and Political Science (England), as well as an MSc in artificial intelligence from the University of Edinburgh (Scotland). Sunil Abraham Centre for Internet and Society (CIS), India Sunil Abraham is the Executive Director of the Centre for Internet and Society in Bangalore India. He founded Mahiti in 1998 which aims to reduce the cost and complexity of Information and Communication Technology for the Voluntary Sector by using Free Software. Today, Mahiti employs more than 50 engineers and Sunil continues to serve on the board. Between June 2004 and June 2007, Sunil also managed the International Open Source Network a project of United Nations Development Programme's Asia-Pacific Development Information Programme serving 42 countries in the Asia-Pacific region. Jeremy De Beer Associate Professor, Faculty of Law Jeremy is an Associate Professor at the University of Ottawa's Faculty of Law. His expertise is in the area of technology and intellectual property law. He has a graduate degree in law from the University of Oxford, and degrees in business and in law from the University of Saskatchewan. His research and recent publications address topics ranging from digital copyrights to biotechnology patents, with particular emphasis on the intersection of technology, intellectual property and international development. Pria Chetty Technology and Innovation Law, PricewaterhouseCoopers, South Africa Pria Chetty is the Associate Director, Technology and Innovation Law at PricewaterhouseCoopers in South Africa. She completed her law degree in 2000 and went on to specialise in Electronic and Intellectual Property Law . She is the founder of Technology and Innovation Law Firm, Chetty Law, in South Africa, which has provided legal and strategic advisory services to a wide range of clients including public sector agencies, NGO’s, local and internationally listed companies and South Africa’s most innovative entrepreneurs. She was identified as one of the Brightest Young Minds in South Africa and later, in 2006, featured in Maverick magazine as one of five young attorneys making their mark in legal practice in South Africa. Science Culture, Organized and Prioritized: Three National and International Initiatives Culture is big: annually, some 290 million citizens actively participate in the exhibitions, programs, events and outreach initiatives organized by 2,400 science centres worldwide. Other types of institutions, radio, internet, and film build further on that reach. This session will examine three recent initiatives that seek to organize, define, and take strategic advantage of the work of hundreds of diverse science engagement and knowledge creation organisations nationally and internationally. Increasingly, strategic focus among this diverse set of content and communication partners is bringing new attention to science engagement for the benefit of national and global society. This session will examine Inspiring Australia, an initiative of the Australian government to create regional networks of diverse engagement organizations and connect them effectively with the science knowledge creators in order to better execute science engagement in that country. We will also examine a initiative to benchmark "science culture" in order to better measure future progress . And finally we will examine a global initiative by science centres to use science engagement in a truly global context. Tracy Ross Canadian Association of Science Centres (CASC) Tracy Ross is the Executive Director of the Canadian Association of Science Centres, the national network that serves more than 45 charitable science centres, science museums and similar organisations that inspire 8 million people annually with learning experiences in science. The association is a national platform for collaboration, networking and tackling common issues. In May 2012, the association will be holding its 10th annual conference in Ottawa hosted by the Canada Science and Technology Museums Corporation. Tracy graduated from Queen’s University at Kingston in 1996 with a B.Sc. (Hons.) in Environmental Chemistry, and from the University of Toronto in 2000 with a Master’s degree in the History and Philosophy of Science and Technology. She got her start with science centres as a host at the Ontario Science Centre where she delivered a variety of lively demonstrations, developed a new tabletop experience, and facilitated learning with visitors of all ages. She has served on the Board of Directors of the Science and Technology Awareness Network and the steering committee for National Science and Technology Week. She lives in Ottawa, where, as an avid sailor, she also serves on the Board of Directors of the Nepean Sailing Club. Lesley Lewis Chief Executive Officer of the Ontario Science Centre since 1998, Lesley Lewis has led a major evolution of the landmark cultural attraction. Under Ms Lewis’ leadership over the past decade, the Science Centre has significantly renewed two thirds of its public spaces focusing on embracing new audiences, engaging visitors of all ages with science, scientists and innovation as well as incorporating current science news into daily offerings. From 2000 to 2006. Ms. Lewis spearheaded the Centre’s $47.5 million Agents of Change transformation. As CEO, Ms. Lewis has sharpened the organization’s focus on extending its brand, audience reach and relevance. The Science Centre introduced an array of programs designed to ensure accessibility to all members of the community. She is a respected member of the international science centre community, and has been active in global forums describing the Ontario Science Centre’s evolution into a new model for public engagement with science. Ms Lewis is an invited member of the American Association for the Advancement of Science’s Committee on Science and Technology Engagement with the Public. She also currently serves on the Board of Directors of Tourism Toronto. From 2007 to 2009, she was President of the global Association of Science Technology Centers based in Washington D.C. She was a member of the China Association for Science and Technology’s international advisory committee for a new science and technology museum in Beijing that opened in 2009 and Chair of the Fifth Science Centre World Congress which was hosted by the Ontario Science Centre in Toronto in 2008. In that capacity she led the development of the Toronto Declaration, the science centre field’s first-ever shared global statement of beliefs and goals. Prior to joining the Ontario Science Centre, Ms. Lewis was the Executive Director of the Ontario Heritage Foundation for six years and for three years Executive Director of the Ontario Human Rights Commission. Denise Amyot Canada Science and Technology Museums Corporation Denise Amyot is currently, President and CEO of the Canada Science and Technology Museums Corporation whose mandate is to foster scientific and technological literacy throughout the country. The Corporation and its three museums – the Canada Agriculture Museum, the Canada Aviation and Space Museum, and the Canada Science and Technology Museum – tell the stories of Canadian ingenuity and achievement in science and technology. She has worked both in National Headquarters and in regions in several federal departments including central agencies, Human Resources and Skills Development Canada, National Defense, Natural Resources Canada, and Canadian Heritage. In her former three roles as Assistant Deputy Minister, she was respectively responsible for leading and managing leadership development programs and developing policies for employees and executives throughout the public Service of Canada, the corporate management services, as well as public affairs and ministerial services. She has worked extensively in policy and line operations in the context of programs and service delivery, in social, economic, and cultural areas. She also worked for few years with the Government of the Northwest Territories. Ms Amyot is the former President of the Institute of Public Administration of Canada, Vice-President of the Head of Federal Agencies Steering Committee, and member of the Board of Governors at the Ottawa University and at the Algonquin College. She is the former President of the Association of Professional Executives of the Public Service of Canada and former President of the Communications Community Office. Ms Amyot has obtained a Master's degree in Education and three Bachelor degrees in Biology, in Arts and in Education. CANARIE Showcase & Exhibitor Tours Special Keynote Address by the Minister of State (Science and Technology) Join the The Honourable Gary Goodyear, Member of Parliament for Cambridge & North Dumfries, and Minister of State (Science and Technology). Hon. Gary Goodyear Minister of State (Science and Technology) Member of Parliament for Cambridge & North Dumfries Funding Innovation, Measuring Societal Impacts and Informing Science Policy A major challenge for Canadian science policy is related to what areas of science to invest in, how best to make budget allocations that will address the needs of society while benefiting the Canadian economy, and then assessing the impact of those investments. As health care costs continue to rise, there are ongoing efforts to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the health system. Research is recognized as a valuable investment to optimize the delivery and provision of health care, with nearly one quarter of Canada’s R&D spend, but is an incremental and iterative endeavor. The pathway from research to improved health and systems is neither linear nor simple. The complexity is amplified by the multitude of players involved; researchers, industry health care providers, policy makers, and the public. Research funders recognize the need for greater collaboration in providing innovative solutions to understanding how investments in health research make a difference to the health and wellbeing of Canadians. Consequently, this symposium brings together presenters from three Canadian research funding organizations, an academic Institution and one non-profit think tank. Our panel examines methodologies used to analyze and demonstrate research impact. These methodologies are helping to elucidate and clarify the various pathways through which health research leads to societal wellbeing. The panel moderator will engage participants in the discussion with an aim to advance the science of impact assessment such that it will meet the needs of science policy and justify science spending to the public. Pierre Therrien Director Market Structure & Framework Policy Analysis Pierre Therrien is Director, Market Structure and Framework Policy Analysis at Industry Canada within the Economic Research and Policy Analysis (ERPA) Branch. Prior to join ERPA, Pierre worked for several years in another sector within Industry Canada in the Science and Innovation Sector, where he led several projects related to the measurement science and innovation impact measures. Pierre also spent two years at the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development in Paris, France, where he coordinated several projects to develop new policy-relevant indicators related to government public support to R&D. Laura McAuley Manager, Impact Assessment Unit Canadian Institutes for Health Research Laura McAuley, MSc. is the Manager of the Impact Assessment Unit at the Canadian Institutes of Health Research. She led the initial implementation of the CIHR impact assessment framework and now continues to lead the ongoing refinement and methodological development in this area at CIHR. Laura has worked in the area of health research evaluation for the past seven years building on previous experience working in academic health research spanning the four pillars. Kathryn E. Graham Director, Performance Management Alberta Innovates - Health Solutions Kathryn E. Graham, Ph.D. is the Director of the Performance Management Department at Alberta Innovates – Health Solutions located in Alberta. Her experience is in the development, implementation and management of evaluation frameworks and conducting evaluations of health and research at the level of the program, organization and at multi-sites. She has a Ph.D. in applied psychology from the University of Cranfield, England with a specialization in occupational psychology, measurement, evaluation and human factors. Ghislaine Tremblay Director of Evaluation and Outcome Assessment Ghislaine Tremblay is the Director of Evaluation and Outcome Assessment at the Canada Foundation for Innovation. Over more than a decade she has held a variety of leadership roles in managing S&T funding programs and brings this broad expertise to the evaluation team that she leads. In her current role, Ms Tremblay has overseen the development of the Performance, Evaluation, Risk and Audit Framework, the Overall Performance and Value for Money Audit and outcome measurement study methodology and implementation. Eddy Nason Director, Toronto Office Eddy Nason is the Director of the IOG’s Toronto office and their lead on health and innovation policy work. He specializes in research evaluation, particularly focusing on ROI approaches, and research impact framework and indicator development. He has advised research funders in the UK, Netherlands, Ireland, Australia and Canada on impact evaluation. Education and Training of Scientists Over the past 15 years, there has been an enormous shift in the human resources performing scientific research. The training period has lengthened significantly and adjustments must be made to address the growing concerns of young scientists. Many individuals, who do not have permanent positions, share a unique set of experiences and challenges that need to be better addressed in order to avoid wasting the substantial resources invested in their education and training. This panel aims to address two main themes: 1. Are we producing too many biomedical research trainees? 2. What careers will the large majority of highly specialized PhDs undertake and who should facilitate these transitions? Presentations and discussion from Alan Bernstein (Founding Director of CIHR), Angela Crawley (Canadian Association of Postdoctoral Scholars), Suzanne Fortier (President of NSERC), and Olga Stachova (COO, MITACS) will be introduced and moderated by David Kent (University of Cambridge and founder of http://scienceadvocacy.org). David Kent , Ph.D CIHR Postdoctoral Fellow Dr. David Kent is a CIHR postdoctoral fellow at the University of Cambridge, UK. He currently sits on the executive of the Canadian Association of Postdoctoral Scholars and created the website The Black Hole which provides information on and analysis of issues related to science trainees in Canada. Previously, Dr. Kent served as joint coordinator for the UBC branch of the Let’s Talk Science Partnership Program (2004-07), an award winning national science outreach program. Dr. Kent grew up in St. John’s, NL, obtained a B.Sc. in Genetics and English Literature at the University of Western Ontario and completed his Ph.D. in blood stem cell biology at the University of British Columbia. He has been awarded scholarships or fellowships from the CIHR, NSERC, the Canadian Stem Cell Network, the Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research, and the Lady Tata Memorial Trust. His current laboratory research focuses on normal blood stem cells and how changes in their regulation lead to cancers. Dr. Angela Crawley Vice-Chair of Operations Canadian Association of Postdoctoral Scholars Dr. Angela M. Crawley received a B.Sc. in Microbiology and Immunology at McGill University (’99) and then earned a Ph.D.in the Dept. of Pathobiology at the University of Guelph. Her doctorate addressed the regulation of immune responses in pigs, for the eventual improvement of vaccination strategies. In 2004, Angela moved to Ottawa to work as postdoctoral fellow (PDF) in Dr. Jonathan B. Angel’s laboratory at the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (OHRI), partnered with the University of Ottawa. Angela is researching anti-viral mechanisms of human immune response in the context of HIV infection. Dr. Crawley held a postdoctoral fellowship award from the Ontario HIV Treatment Network (OHTN). She will begin her appointment as an Assistant Scientist at the OHRI and an Assistant Professor in April 2012 (to be funded by an OHTN Junior Investigator Development Award). While a postdoc, Angela was one of the founders of the uOttawa Faculty of Medicine Postdoc Association (2006, president 2007-09) and she also founded the uOttawa Postdoc Association (2009, president 2009-10). Angela was awarded a Postdoctoral Award of Excellence by uOttawa’s Faculty of Medicine (2007) recognizing scientific achievement and community involvement. Angela is also a member of a National Postdoc Stakeholders Working Group compiling recommended policies for the fair and equitable treatment of postdocs across Canada. She has attended some postdoc-related conferences including the 7th Annual Meeting of the National Postdoctoral Association (Houston, TX, USA, 2009) and, as a former president of the Canadian Association of Postdoctoral Scholars (CAPS), was an invited speaker for at the Annual Canadian Association of Graduate Studies meeting (Toronto, Nov. 2010). Angela is currently the Vice-Chair of Operations for CAPS. Olga Stachova Mitacs Olga Stachova joined Mitacs in October 2000 and plays a key role in the organization's success. As Chief Operating Officer, her responsibilities include oversight of the overall operations and management, responsibility for delivery strategy for all Mitacs programs, their implementation, ongoing evaluation and monitoring, as well as allocation of Mitacs resources, human resources management and oversight of budgetary expenditures. Olga has a Master’s Degree in English and Philosophy from the University of Constantine the Philosopher in Nitra, Slovakia. Prior to emigrating to Canada, she was Senior Project Manager at Management Partners, the leading company in the Slovak HR market. She was highly successful in her role of recruiting personnel for international organizations opening subsidiaries in Slovakia. Olga is the recipient of the 2009 Business in Vancouver Forty under 40 Award. Dr. Alan Bernstein CIHR 2000-2007 Dr. Alan Bernstein is the former executive director of the Global HIV Vaccine Enterprise, an international alliance of researchers and funders charged with accelerating the search for an HIV vaccine. Previously, he served as the founding president of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (2000-2007), Canada’s national agency for the support of health research. After receiving his Ph.D. from the University of Toronto, and following postdoctoral work at the ICRF in London, Dr. Bernstein joined the Ontario Cancer Institute (1974-1985). In 1985, he joined the new Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute in Toronto, was named its Associate Director in 1988 and then its Director of Research (1994-2000). Author of over 200 scientific publications, Dr. Bernstein has made extensive contributions to the study of stem cells, hematopoiesis and cancer. He chairs or is a member of advisory and review boards in Canada, the US, UK, and Australia. Dr. Bernstein has received numerous awards and honourary degrees for his contributions to science, including the 2007 Medaille du merite from the Institut de Recherche Clinique de Montreal, the 2008 Gairdner Wightman Award and the Order of Canada in 2002. Putting the Social in Canada’s Innovation Policy The social sciences and human sciences matter. All of the big, "wicked" problems such as poverty, housing, immigration, security, diversity, climate change, at risk kids, Aboriginal issues, social determinants of health, to name a few, embrace issues related to social and human sciences. New solutions that address these issues are social innovations. But what's the role of social and human science research in fostering social innovations? How can the public, private, community and academic sectors collaborate on social innovation to benefit Canadians and Canadian communities? Graham Carr Canadian Foundation of Humanities and Social Sciences Graham Carr is President of the Canadian Federation for the Humanities and Social Sciences (CFHSS). Representing more than 85,000 faculty and students at 79 Canadian universities and 80 scholarly associations CFHSS is the national voice for university research and training in HSS disciplines. Carr is also Professor of History and Dean of Graduate Studies at Concordia University. He was previously Associate Dean of Research and Graduate Studies in the Faculty of Arts and Science. Trained at Queen's University in Kingston and the University of Maine at Orono, Carr is a specialist in North American cultural and public history. He has published in the fields of literary and music history, popular culture, cultural policy, cultural diplomacy and social memory studies. His current research focuses on Cold War cultural exchanges involving the United States, Canada and the Soviet Union. A member of the executive of the Northeastern Association of Graduate Schools, Carr also serves on the Advisory Committee on Communications, Marketing and Programming for Canada's National Capital Commission. Claudia Krywiak, Ph.D Director, Partnership Development and Corporate Planning Ontario Centres of Excellence Claudia Krywiak is Director, Partnership Development and Corporate Planning, for the Ontario Centres of Excellence (OCE). OCE drives economic development by advancing the commercialization of publically-funded research outcomes, building industry-academic collaborations, and fostering the next generation of innovators and entrepreneurs. Claudia brings experience in developing successful partnerships to facilitate innovation and is interested in the development of new strategies that foster a culture of innovation and entrepreneurship and build partnerships between the private and not-for-profit sectors. Prior to joining OCE, Claudia held the position of Vice-President, Business Development (Ontario) at Mitacs, a national organization linking academia, industry and the public sectors to develop new tools to support the growth of Canada’s knowledge economy. Claudia received her Ph.D. in Chemistry from the University of Toronto in 2003 and worked for Bruker BioSpin, a world leader in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) technology, where she supported the customer base in the Canadian market and developed working relationships with industrial and academic researchers in chemistry, biochemistry, pharmaceuticals, and materials science. Allyson Hewitt Advisor, Social Innovation & Director, Social Entrepreneurship Social Innovation Generation Allyson leads the social innovation programs at MaRS including the Ontario node of the national initiative, Social Innovation Generation ([email protected]). This program supports social entrepreneurs and promotes social innovation under the headings Advise! Convene! Accelerate! [email protected] has also recently announced a groundbreaking Centre for Impact Investing and is working of a series of Innovation Solutions Labs to tackle complex challenges. A life long social innovator, she most recently worked at SickKids where she led Safe Kids Canada and was a passionate advocate for children. She was also the Executive Director of Community Information Toronto where she initiated 211, providing streamlined access to human service information. For this work she received the Head of the Public Service Award and several other prestigious awards for meritorious public service. Allyson has been leading and volunteering in not-for-profit organizations for over 25 years. Her academic background is in Criminology, Law, Public Affairs, Voluntary Sector Management and Organizational development including Leading Change. GPS Genome Canada - Genomics and Regulatory Science This panel is the final event in Genome Canada’s 2011 GPS series: Where Genomics, Public Policy and Society Meet, dedicated to facilitating a dialogue between federal policymakers and researchers exploring issues at the interface of genomics and its ethical, environmental, economic, legal and social aspects (or GE3LS). Under the overarching theme of “Translational Genomics,” ad the range of activities that help “move genomics out of the laboratory and into the market, the clinic, or society at large,” the 2011 series previously considered intellectual property, as well as other means to optimize the impact of genomic research beyond commercialization. This panel will turn its attention to “regulatory science” and the policy questions that arise at the interface of science and regulations when assessing scientific and technological applications that result from advances in genomics, from a safety, efficacy or quality lens and from the perspective of other relevant considerations. The panel discussion will begin with the presentation of a draft policy brief commissioned by Genome Canada and prepared Drs. Bruce Doern and Peter Phillips, two leading Canadian science policy scholars, followed by invited commentaries from policy-makers and private sector representatives. The audience will be invited to participate in a plenary discussion to help refine the policy brief. Karine Morin Director, National GE3LS Program Genome Canada As Genome Canada’s Director, National GE3LS Program, Karine Morin oversees activities related to the ethical, economic, environmental, legal and social (GE3LS) aspects of genomics research. Prior to joining Genome Canada, Karine was a Senior Ethics Policy Advisor at the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR). She also conducted research on ethical, legal and social issues related to genomics at the University of Ottawa’s Institute of Science, Society and Policy. Karine worked in the US for several years as the Director of Ethics Policy at the American Medical Association, and previously as an Ethics and Health Policy Associate at the American College of Physicians. Before leaving Canada, she worked for the Commission of Inquiry on the Blood System in Canada (Krever Commission). Karine holds a Masters in Law (LLM) from the University of Pennsylvania and is a graduate of McGill University School of Law, where she obtained a joint degree in civil (B.C.L.) and common law (LL.B). Over the years, she has published widely in bioethics and law, and has taught as an adjunct at several universities in the US and Canada. Bruce G. Doern, Ph.D Professor, Researcher, Author, Consultant Carleton University, School of Public Policy and Administration (retired) Dr. Bruce Doern is the author of over 70 books and monographs and numerous other articles and studies on Canadian and comparative public policy and regulatory governance in areas such as food and health, biotechnology, science and innovation policy, government labs; environmental policy; energy policy; and consumer policy. He has recently completed a book (with Prof. Michael Prince) on Three Bio-Realms: Biotechnology and the Governance of Food, Health and Life in Canada (University of Toronto Press, in press). He is presently the co-editor of How Ottawa Spends, the Carleton University School of Public Policy and Administration’s annual review of national priorities and fiscal policy (McGill-Queen’s University Press). He recently served as the CIBC Scholar-in-Residence at the Conference Board of Canada. He also served as Director of the Carleton Research Unit on Innovation, Science and Innovation (CRUISE) at Carleton University. He is a consultant and advisor to numerous federal and provincial departments and to international bodies such as the OECD on innovation, science, regulatory and other governance issues. He was an advisor to the 2004 federal External Advisory Committee on Smart Regulation. As Emeritus Professor, he teaches global governance in the Politics Department at the University of Exeter in the UK and he is Distinguished Research Professor in the School of Public Policy and Administration at Carleton University. Peter W.B. Phillips Professor of Public Policy Johnson-Shoyama Graduate School Dr. Peter Phillips is Professor of Public Policy in the Johnson-Shoyama Graduate School of Public Policy at the University of Saskatchewan, in Saskatoon, Canada. He earned his Ph.D. in International Political Economy at the London School of Economics and practiced for 13 years as a professional economist and senior policy advisor in Canadian industry and government. At the University of Saskatchewan, he has held the Van Vliet Research Chair, created and held an NSERC-SSHRC Chair in Managing Technological Change, was a founding member and director of the virtual College of Biotechnology and was founding director of the graduate school of public policy. He has had visiting appointments at the LSE, the OECD, the European University Institute and the University of Western Australia, is associate editor of AgBioForum, a leading on-line journal, was a member of the NAFTA Chapter 13 expert panel on GM maize in Mexico and was a founding member of the Canadian Biotechnology Advisory Committee. He has been a member of the Board of Directors of the Canadian Agri-food Policy Institute, the Estey Centre for the Study of Trade, Law and the Economy, and Ag West Bio Inc., which operates a biotech venture fund. His current research focuses on governing transformative innovation, including regulation and policy, innovation systems, intellectual property management, trade policy and decision systems. He is co-lead and principal investigator of a $5.4 million Genome Canada project entitled Value Addition through Genomics and GE3LS (VALGEN) which runs 2009-13 and has been an applicant and investigator on more than 15 peer reviewed grants worth more than $150 million. He has been author or editor of eight books—his latest, Governing Transformative Technological Innovation: Who’s in charge? was published by Edward Elgar in 2007—and more than 70 journal articles and book chapters. Dr. Vratislav Hadrava, Ph.D Director, Regulatory Affairs Pfizer Canada inc. Vratislav Hadrava obtained his MD diploma at Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic and PhD degree from Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine at McGill University, Montreal, Canada. He completed his postgraduate research training at the Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit at Department of Psychiatry, McGill University. He has published articles in peer reviewed journals in the domain of hypertension, vascular smooth cell proliferation, mechanism of action of antidepressants and anxiolytics and clinical psychopharmacology. Vratislav Hadrava initiated his career in pharmaceutical industry in 1995 at Pfizer Canada and has held positions of increasing responsibilities in areas of Medical Affairs, Clinical Research and Regulatory Affairs. He is currently Director, Regulatory Affairs at Pfizer Canada. Vratislav Hadrava collaborated in numerous projects with clinical researchers from academia and Pfizer international, mainly in the area of mental health disorders. He acquired broad experience in clinical development and commercialization of new medicines and has developed a particular interest in the regulatory and pharmacovigilance aspects of pharmaceutical medicine. Over the last years he has participated in several initiatives such as Health Canada/CIHR sponsored National Placebo Working Committee (2002-2004), Expert Advisory Committee on the Vigilance of Health Products (2007-2009) and Drug Safety and Effectiveness Network Advisory Committee (2009-2010). Kwasi Nyarko, Ph.D Regulatory Science Advisor OFFICE OF POLICY AND INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION Kwasi A. Nyarko, Ph.D, is currently Regulatory Science Advisor, Office of Policy and International Collaboration, Biologics and Genetic Therapies Directorate, Health Canada. At Health Canada he has also worked with the Marketed Health Products Directorate with a unit responsible for post-market surveillance for biological products, including blood. Dr. Nyarko obtained his doctorate in Biomedical Sciences from the University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada. Kwasi has extensive experience in the development of science-based policies, guidance documents for industry, as well as development of national standards and regulations related to biologic and genetic therapies for human use. Dr. Nyarko is actively involved in the development of regulatory frameworks for a wide range of biological products regulated by BGTD such as the regulatory frameworks for vaccines, radiopharmaceuticals, pharmacogenomics, and plant molecular farming products. Dr. Nyarko has been involved in projects at the national and international levels and was instrumental in the development of the regulatory framework for subsequent entry biologics (biosimilars). Erika van Neste Innovation and Growth Policy Division Strategic Policy Branch Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada The Impact of Investments in Innovation Intermediaries Governments and businesses around the world invest in innovation intermediaries that help a diverse range of firms of different ages, sizes, and endowments innovate and succeed. Heightened concern for transparency and accountability has meant that these enabling organizations and programs report on a range of metrics, possibly including their impact on client and member firms. In this panel we explore the state of the art of the assessment of innovation intermediary impact from a range of perspectives: Canadian and European, practitioner and academic, ICT and biopharmaceutical industries. Panel members will consider what is proven, possible, desirable, and to be avoided in terms of impact assessment methodologies, and the degree to which different constituencies seek, avoid, are provided with, ignore, and use assessments of intermediary impact. The objective is an improved understanding of an issue that is central to innovation intermediary purpose and the ability of intermediaries to contribute to the innovation systems of which they are a part. Nobina Robinson Polytechnics Canada Nobina Robinson was appointed Chief Executive Officer of Polytechnics Canada in May 2009. Polytechnics Canada is a national alliance of Canada’s leading research-intensive, publicly funded colleges and institutes of technology. Mrs. Robinson held progressive appointments in the federal government and non-profit sectors since 1990. She began her public service career in 1990 when she joined the Treasury Board Secretariat as a management trainee. Two years later, she became a Foreign Service Officer and was posted as a political officer to the Canadian Embassy in Havana from 1994 to 1997. From 1998 to 2002, Mrs. Robinson led FOCAL, a policy institute on Canada’s relations with the Americas. Before joining Polytechnics Canada, Mrs. Robinson was the Ottawa-based Senior Government Relations Advisor for Seneca College, responsible for federal advocacy for one of Canada's largest colleges. Mrs. Robinson has a B.A. from Amherst College, an M.A. from Oxford University (Commonwealth Scholar 1985-1988) and has pursued post-graduate studies at Yale University. In October 2010, Mrs. Robinson was named to the Expert Panel undertaking the Review of Federal Support to Research and Development. Mario Thomas, Ph.D Dr. Mario Thomas is an accomplished senior executive with impressive international credentials in the management of innovation. With over 30 years in leadership roles directing corporate development and commercialization, he creates remarkable value for all stakeholders. Mario Thomas brings extensive experience filled with achievements driving successful development collaborations and financial ventures. Dr. Thomas was promoted to Senior Vice-President, Ontario Centres of Excellence in June 2010. Before being appointed Managing Director of the Centre for Commercialization of Research at the Ontario Centres of Excellence in April 2009, Dr. Thomas was Partner in the venture firm T2C2 Capital. His previous experiences include CEO and co-founders of two start-up companies; senior level positions in business development, marketing and scientist. He is the founding chairman of the International Commercialization Alliance. He holds a PhD in chemistry and a BSc from Université Laval in Quebec City, as well as a diploma in business administration from École des Hautes Études Commerciales of Université de Montréal. He is also a Chartered Director with the ASC designation in board governance. Dr. Thomas brings an in-depth background in board level functions both as a board member and in managing board relations as an executive. Margaret Dalziel Associate Professor, School of Managment, University of Ottawa & VP Research of The Evidence Network Margaret Dalziel is an associate professor of innovation and entrepreneurship at the Telfer School of Management of the University of Ottawa, and VP Research of The Evidence Network. Margaret joined the University of Ottawa in 2001 with 15 years experience in technology development and research management at McGill University and the Canadian Space Agency. Her current research focuses on the assessment of interventions to promote innovation, and on describing the architecture of the economy in terms of inter-industry relations. With generous support from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, her research has resulted in some 60 articles including publications in academic journals such as Research Policy, the Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, and the British Journal of Management. During 2008-2009 Margaret was a visiting professor at Zhejiang University in Hangzhou, China. Raine Hermans, Ph.D Head, Unit for Strategic Intelligence Tekes (Finland) Raine Hermans is the Head of Unit for Strategic Intelligence since January 2010. He started with Tekes as a Director of Regional Networks at Tekes in September 2007. The Regional Networks consist of 14 technology development departments all over in Finland. One of his most important future challenges is to coordinate synchronizing the distinctive regional strategies together and with the one of Tekes’. Raine acted as the visiting professor (managerial economics of biotechnology) at the Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University, Illinois USA, from 2006 to 2007. Raine has also led a group of multidisciplinary corporate and industry analysts for several years with Etlatieto Ltd and ETLA, the Research Institute of the Finnish Economy. Raine has a Ph.D. degree in industrial engineering and management (Helsinki University of Technology) and a master’s degree in economics (University of Helsinki). He has published several articles in international journals and edited academic books. The most recent articles are related to technology management and economic forecasting. Natalie E. Dakers Centre for Drug Research and Development Natalie E. Dakers is a leading figure in the Canadian biotechnology industry and currently serves as the Chief Executive Officer of the Centre for Drug Research and Development (CDRD), an innovative organization in British Columbia with a mandate to address the commercialization gap between early-stage technologies arising out of university-based research and investment opportunities. Under Ms. Dakers’ leadership, CDRD has signed affiliation agreements with major research institutions in Canada and forged important strategic relationships with Pfizer Canada and Genome British Columbia. With its over 20,000 square feet in specialized lab space and more than $12 million invested in state-of-the-art equipment, CDRD has attracted over 70 employees and 260 investigators. To date, CDRD has raised and secured approximately $74 million in funding and was named a Centre of Excellence for Commercialization and Research (CECR). Ms. Dakers is active in a number of business and scientific organizations, including Past Chair of BC Biotech (now LifeSciences British Columbia), the association supporting and representing the province’s biotech, medical device and life sciences community. Currently, Ms. Dakers is a board member of the Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI), BIOTECanada and the International Science and Technology Partnership Canada (ISTP Canada). Previously, Ms. Dakers also served on the Boards of Genome Canada, Genome BC, and the Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research. Ms. Dakers is an Adjunct Professor in UBC’s Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and a member of the Council of Canadian Academies’ Expert Panel on Business Innovation. Ms. Dakers received a Peak Award for Performance and Excellence in 2004. In 2009, Ms. Dakers was the recipient of BIOTECanada’s Gold Leaf Award for Industry Leadership. Using Science Policy to Improve Health Outcomes in the North The Canadian North has become a focus for politicians and researchers alike within recent years. This increased attention has not only helped to reignite Canadians’ awareness of the North, it has also shed light on certain disparities. Many Northerners, especially Aboriginal people, suffer from poorer health in comparison to other Canadians. This panel will explore the current health challenges in the North, and discuss how science policy can be used to help improve the situation. Overall, the goals of this panel are to: Raise awareness about health issues in the North and the challenge of addressing those issues Show how building up the scientific presence within the North will help to improve health outcomes among Northerners Reiterate the notion that scientific work cannot take place in isolation – rather it must be a collaborative activity which is engaged in by many different, yet inter-connected, communities Reaffirm the need for governments, communities, and academia to work together. Sandra Lister Manager, Science Policy Coordination Sandra Lister is the Manager of the Science Policy Coordination Unit (SPCU) within the Policy, Planning and Coordination Division of Health Canada's Strategic Policy Branch. The SPCU provides senior management with strategic analysis and advice on complex, horizontal and multi-dimensional S&T and science policy issues. Ms. Lister oversees the secretariat to the departmental Director General Science Committee and the Northern Health Evidence Sub-Working Group, which is responsible for leading the Health Portfolio’s contribution to the Northern Strategy. Additionally, Ms. Lister is an active member on several working groups which support the Federal S&T Strategy, the Federal Integrated Northern S&T Strategy (FINeST) and the Canadian High Arctic Research Station (CHARS). Dr. Pertice Moffitt Dr. Pertice Moffitt is a nurse educator in the undergraduate program at Aurora College, Yellowknife Campus, Yellowknife, NT; an Adjunct Professor with Dalhousie University; and, as well, she also teaches graduates students at Athabasca University. Additionally, Dr. Moffitt is the Manager of the Health Research Programs for Aurora Research Institute at the North Slave Research Centre in Yellowknife. Dr. Moffitt's research interests are with Circumpolar Health, Cultural Diversity and Women's Health utilising the qualitative methods of ethnography, photovoice and fourth generation evaluation. Dr. Kue Young Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto Dr. Kue Young is a professor in the Dalla Lana School of Public Health at the University of Toronto and TransCanada Chair in Aboriginal Health & Well-being. He is President of the International Network for Circumpolar Health Research and a former co-chair of the Arctic Council’s Human Health Expert Group. Much of Dr. Young's professional career has been devoted to northern and Aboriginal health research, with a major focus on the prevention of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. In 2010 he was appointed Member of the Order of Canada for "his contributions and commitment to advancing the health and well-being of Indigenous peoples, notably as a leading scholar in the field of Aboriginal health research.” Christopher Cornish Regional Director, Policy, Planning, and Evaluation Health Canada - Northern Region Christopher Cornish is the regional Director of Policy, Planning, and Evaluation for Health Canada’s Northern Region. Northern Region is responsible for delivering on Health Canada’s mandate in the three northern territories, managing and administering health promotion and disease prevention programs, the Non-Insured Health Benefits program for First Nations and Inuit, and the Territorial Health System Sustainability Initiative. Northern Region also serves as the departmental link on circumpolar health and research activities and plays an instrumental role in supporting the Government of Canada’s Northern Strategy. Prior to joining Health Canada, Mr. Cornish served in various policy roles at Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada. Sarah Kalhok Bourque Manager, Northern Science and Contaminants Research Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada Sarah Kalhok Bourque is the Manager of Northern Science and Contaminants Research with Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada. In this capacity, Sarah Kalhok Bourque manages the Northern Contaminants Program (NCP), established in 1991. Prior to this, Sarah Kalhok Bourque was part of the core team that developed Canada’s Program for the International Polar Year (IPY), which was designed along policy-relevant themes of “Climate change impacts and adaptation” and “Health and well-being of Northern communities”, and she was subsequently Manager and Science Manager of the Government of Canada Program for IPY. Now based in Ottawa, she used to call the North her home while working for the Aurora Research Institute in Inuvik, Northwest Territories. Her perspective on northern/Arctic science and policy comes from program experience at the local, national and international level. Sponsor Showcase & Networking Keynote Panel - Science and Politics in Canada This is a non-partisan and cross party discussion, among former scientists and current politicians, on the interface between science and government. The panel will discuss: The barriers and potential solutions for greater interaction between the scientific and political communities in Canada How to encourage and facilitate the greater participation of scientists in politics. Pierre Meulien, Ph.D Pierre Meulien was appointed President and CEO of Genome Canada in 2010. Prior to this appointment, Dr. Meulien served as Chief Scientific Officer for Genome British Columbia from 2007 to 2010 where he promoted the organization’s ongoing scientific strategy, focusing on the science of genomics, proteomics and bioinformatics within the larger realm of biotechnology and life sciences. Facilitating the translation of genome based technologies into end user communities across many life science sectors was also a key responsibility. From 2002 to 2007, Dr. Meulien served as the founding CEO of the Dublin Molecular Medicine Centre (now Molecular Medicine Ireland) which linked the three medical schools and six teaching hospitals in Dublin to build a critical mass in molecular medicine and translational research. The Centre managed the Euro 45 Million “Program for Human Genomics” financed by the Irish government and was responsible for coordinating the successful application for the first Wellcome Trust funded Clinical Research Centre to be set up in Ireland. For over 20 years, Dr. Meulien has managed expert research teams with a number of organizations, including Aventis Pasteur in Toronto (Senior Vice President of R&D), and in Lyon, France (Director of Research). He also spent seven years with the French biotechnology company Transgene in Strasbourg, France as a research scientist and part of the management team. Dr. Meulien’s academic credentials include a PhD from the University of Edinburgh and a post-doctoral appointment at the Institut Pasteur in Paris. Former Astronaut MP for Westmount Ville-Marie, Quebec Marc Garneau has served his country his entire professional career, beginning with the Canadian Navy and then as an astronaut and President of the Canadian Space Agency , and now in political life. Garneau resigned from the Canadian Space Agency to run under the Liberal banner in Vaudreuil–Soulanges in 2006. After the last federal elections, he remained very involved in politics and played a determining role in the Liberal Renewal Commission by drafting its Science and Technology position paper. He also helped draft a number of resolutions aimed at clarifying the Canadian mission in Afghanistan, the resolution of fiscal unbalance and the implementation of the Kyoto Protocol. Hon. Hélène LeBlanc MP for LaSalle-Emard, Science and Technology Critic Hélène is an agronomist and project manager for the Conseil d’assainissement et d’aménagement du ruisseau Lacorne. Hélène has taught French in Vancouver and Ottawa and was an interpreter/guide for the Canada Museums of Science and Technology Corporation in Ottawa. She was also an assistant to persons suffering from Alzheimers for the organization Baluchon Alzheimer and an agro-environment officer with the Fédération de l’Union des producteurs agricoles de l’Outaouais-Laurentides. Hélène has a Bachelor’s degree in education from the University of Ottawa and a Bachelor of Science degree in agriculture and environment from McGill University. Dr. Kellie Leitch MP for Simcoe Grey Dr. Kellie Leitch is the Member of Parliament for Simcoe-Grey and Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Human Resources and Skills Development Canada, and to the Minister of Labour. Prior to her election on May 2, 2011, Dr. Leitch was an orthopaedic paediatric surgeon at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto. Dr. Leitch was also an Associate Professor at the University of Toronto, Chair of the Ivey Centre for Health Innovation and Leadership, and Director of the Health Sector MBA program at the Richard Ivey School of Business, University of Western Ontario. Dr. Leitch received the Order of Ontario in 2010 for her work advocating for children. Dr. Leitch was selected as one of Canada's Top 40 Under 40 for her work in both medicine and business in 2005. Dr. Leitch previously served as Chair of the Expert Panel for the Children's Fitness Tax Credit in 2006, which made recommendations to the Honourable Jim Flaherty, Minister of Finance, regarding the best ways to implement the tax credit designed to encourage health and fitness among Canadian children and youth. In 2008, Dr. Leitch authored the report entitled: "Reaching for the Top: A Report by the Advisor on Healthy Children & Youth". The report is a "call to action" for government and industry on key issues affecting Canadian children and youth. Dr. Leitch earned her Doctorate of Medicine from the University of Toronto in 1994, MBA from Dalhousie University in 1998, completed the Orthopaedic Surgery Residency Program in 2001 at the University of Toronto, and became a Fellow of Paediatric Orthopaedics at the Children's Hospital of Los Angeles/University of Southern California in 2002. As a volunteer, Dr. Leitch served as a council member on the NRC (National Research Council of Canada), a Board member of Genome Canada, a Director on the YMCA (GTA) board of directors, Vice President of CANFAR (Canadian Foundation for AIDS Research), and is the founder of The Sandbox Project. In addition, Dr. Leitch hosts an annual golf tournament to raise funds for the Canadian Breast Cancer Foundation. Reza Moridi, Ph.D Ontario MPP - Richmond Hill An award-winning scientist, engineer, educator, business leader and community activist who has lived in Richmond Hill since 1991, Reza Moridi was first elected to the Ontario Legislative Assembly in 2007. Upon his election, Reza was appointed by Premier Dalton McGuinty as the Parliamentary Assistant to the Minister of Training, Colleges and Universities. He was also appointed to the Cabinet Committee on Economy, Environment and Resources Policy. Prior to his election, Reza was the Vice-President and Chief Scientist of the Radiation Safety Institute of Canada. His 17 year career at this Institute provided him with a thorough understanding of the nuclear industry of Canada as well as the application of radiation and nuclear materials in a large variety of industry and health care sectors. Over the years, Reza has contributed significantly to the understanding of nuclear materials, radiation and radiation safety by the public, students, educators and workers in Canada. In recognition of his contributions, the Canadian Nuclear Society presented Reza with the Education and Communication Award in 2001. In recognition of Reza’s outstanding contributions to the profession of Health Physics (radiation protection), the US Health Physics Society presented Reza with the Fellow Award in 2002. For his original contribution to physics and engineering, Reza was elected as Fellow of the UK Institute of Physics (1986) and Fellow of the UK Institution of Engineering and Technology (1992). Education, energy, innovation, environment, health and prosperity are key issues of interest to Reza. Genome Canada Reception - Induction of 2011 Members to the Canadian Science and Engineering Hall of Fame Opening Statement of the Day: International Year of Chemistry Bernard West, Ph.D President/Chair of the Board Westworks Consulting/Ontario BioAuto Council Bernard West holds a BSc and a PhD in chemical engineering from the University of Manchester where he also taught for 6 years. In 2008 he was President and CEO of CANSOLV Technologies of Montreal, and was previously President and COO, Canada Colors and Chemicals Limited. Prior to that, he had 30 years of experience in the chemical industry with Rhone-Poulenc, Imperial Oil [ Esso ] and Polymer Corporation. Bernard has also been very active in industry associations and industry-government bodies; member of the Board of the Canada’s Chemical Producers Association (Chair 1995–1997), Chair of The Chemical Institute of Canada, Chair of the Society of Chemical Industry–Canadian Section, member of the Board of the National Association of Chemical Distributors (Washington, D.C.). He is currently; Chair of the Board of Ontario BioAuto Council, Co-Chair of the Sustainable Chemistry Alliance, Co-Chair of the Canadian Green Chemistry and Engineering Network, and Chair of the Advisory Board of the Institute for Chemical Process and Environmental Technologies in the National Research Council of Canada. He is an associate member of the IUPAC Committee on Chemical Industry representing Canada and a member of the board of Life Sciences Ontario. Drivers of Innovation in the Chemical-Related Industry Sector In its 2011 Brief to the House of Commons Standing Committee on Finance, the Partnership Group for Science and Engineering (PAGSE) states that “a highly skilled workforce is an essential component of the innovation pipeline. Canada has done well to improve its capacity to train the next generation of researchers and innovators. Clearly we are on our way to building the next generation of cutting-edge researchers that will fuel the innovation pipeline. However employment prospects for highly skilled workers are bleak. A large part of the problem is that businesses in Canada invest very little in research and development (R&D), so they have little need to hire highly skilled workers. Canadian graduates have trouble finding good jobs, especially R&D jobs in industry”. This session will explore the factors that drive industrial research and development in several of Canada’s largest chemical-related trade sectors. What are the strengths and weaknesses of our national and provincial science, economic and other related policies and regulations that attract or hinder research investments in Canada? Does research have to be carried out in Canada, in all cases, in order for the country to benefit? Are our industry / academic partnerships and commercial centres working - and producing results? Avrim Lazar, Ph.D CEO & President Forest Products Association of Canada Avrim Lazar is President & CEO of the Forest Products Association of Canada, since Jan. 1, 2002 and he is chair of the Advisory Committee on Paper and Wood Products (ACPWP) to the United Nations. Mr. Lazar has held senior policy positions in the government of Canada in the Ministries of Justice, Agriculture, Environment and Human Resource Development. During this period he was responsible for national policy in areas as diverse as climate change, biodiversity, child poverty, employment insurance and labor force training. Mr. Lazar was Chair of the Committee of the Whole of the Second UN Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity in 1995. He also chaired the National Business Association Roundtable and is the Past-President of the International Council of Forest and Paper Associations (ICFPA). Mr. Lazar taught high school in Vancouver and Zambia from 1969 to 1973. Over the years, Mr. Lazar has given many courses in the graduate studies programs at the University of Ottawa and Carleton University. Mr. Lazar holds degrees in science and education, including a B.Sc (1968) from McGill University, a B.Ed (1970) and a PhEd in Ed (1976) from the University of Ottawa. Craig Crawford Ontario BioAuto Council Craig has served on numerous government and industry committees and non-profit boards that have advocated support for biobased industries in both Canada and the United States. He has acted as a consultant to the federal and Ontario governments on the bioeconomy and wrote a framework for developing biobased industries in Canada. He has been actively involved in identifying research and business opportunities in the new bioeconomy for more than a decade. Craig is currently the President and CEO of the Ontario BioAuto Council. The Council’s vision is to make Ontario a global leader in the manufacture of automobile parts, construction materials and packaging from biological feedstocks. Its mission is to unite Ontario’s largest economic sectors (i.e. agriculture, forestry, oil, chemical, manufacturing and automotive), research community and government around viable strategies aimed at building a province-wide bioeconomy. David Yake, Ph.D Director - Corporate Process Innovation, Research & Business Development DuPont Canada David Yake has more than 31 years of global R&D, business, sales and marketing leadership with DuPont. He received his MS and Ph.D in Chemical Engineering from Iowa State University in 1980. He served six years with DuPont in Asia as regional business and marketing manager and director of the company’s Chemical Solutions business, leveraging broad based open innovation across the region to establish a sustainable growth platform. During the last five years David has lived in Canada and led the Research and Business Development Centre in Kingston, Ontario, and the DuPont Center for Process Innovation - a global corporate leveraged technology based business that specializes in developing and scaling-up technology solutions to commercial level. In Canada, the organization’s key role is to identify key growth opportunities and collaborate with global businesses to commercialize innovative solutions that meet market needs. Dave Collyer Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers David Collyer was appointed President of the Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers (CAPP) on September 15th, 2008, after serving as President and Country Chair for Shell in Canada. In his current position, Mr. Collyer is responsible for leading CAPP’s activities in education, communications and policy / regulatory advocacy on behalf of its members representing over 90% of the upstream petroleum production in Canada. During his 30 year career tenure with Shell, Mr. Collyer held a broad range of technical, business and senior leadership roles. These included positions in conventional oil and gas, oil sands, marketing and transportation and downstream commercial marketing, as well as cross-business roles such as strategy and planning, communications and sustainable development. He also participated in a two year Executive Exchange assignment with the federal government in Ottawa. Mr. Collyer holds a petroleum engineering degree and an MBA from the University of Alberta, and belongs to a range of professional affiliations including the Association of Professional Engineers, Geologists, and Geophysicists of Alberta (APEGGA) as well as the Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE). He has also been a member of a number of not-for-profit boards. How do we build resilient communities in the face of climate change? The science is complex, the picture is daunting, the impacts all too real. A global challenge, climate change is creating environmental, economic and social upheaval, particularly in coastal and northern communities. What strategies are available to those communities to mitigate and adapt to climate change and its impact on their ecosystems? Are there governance and policy hurdles hindering the development and implementation of such strategies? Can and will local actions make a difference? As part of the conference’s “Exploring the True North Strong and Free: Reflections on Northern Science Policy” theme, this panel will engage in an inspiring conversation on community activism, sustainability and resilience in Canada’s northern communities. Founding Editor and Publisher Over the past 25 years, Baxter has been an award-winning sportswriter, political journalist, bureau chief and editorial writer. A third-generation public affairs journalist, Baxter’s work covering politics, first in Ottawa and then in Alberta, earned him a prestigious Nieman Fellowship at Harvard University in 2008, where his studies focused on the future of media businesses and the role of the press in democracy. Born and raised in Ottawa, he holds degrees in international relations, journalism, and media administration. He lives in Ottawa with his wife, Sarah, and three young children, coaches football and soccer, and is an exuberant skier. Frances Abele Academic Director of the Carleton Centre for Community Innovation Professor of the School of Public Policy and Administration, Carleton University Dr. Abele has written widely on Canadian public policy and the northern political economy, publishing over 80 books, articles, book chapters and technical reports. With a northern research career stretching back thirty years, she is the author of an oft-consulted study of employment training in the Northwest Territories (Abele 1989) and numerous articles and technical reports on northern economic and political issues. She is an expert on federal northern policy, publishing regularly on this theme, and on the implications for the federation of governance innovations pursuant to the modern treaties. Abele is co-author and co-editor of the first comprehensive examination of northern development policy to include a balanced complement of authors from northern and southern Canada (Abele, Courchene, St-Hilaire and Seidle, 2009). As deputy director of research for the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples in the 1990s, Abele was responsible for the Commission's research on the North, and portions of the work on governance and economy. She has worked in partnership with northern organizations in Canada and abroad, ranging from the North-West Academy of Public Administration, Murmansk, Russia to community governments in Canada, where she currently collaborates with the Hamlet of Igloolik and community partners in Deline. Gordon McBean Professor, Joint Appointment with Geography and Political Science & Research Chair at the Institute of Catastrophic Loss Reduction, University of Western Ontario Dr. Gordon McBean received his B.Sc. in Physics and Ph.D. in Oceanography from the University of British Columbia and a M.Sc. in Meteorology from McGill University. He was a scientist in Environment Canada from 1970 to 1988 when he was appointed Professor and Chair of the Atmospheric Science Program at the University of British Columbia. In 1992, he was appointed Head, Department of Oceanography. From 1994 to 2000, he was Assistant Deputy Minister responsible for the Meteorological Service of Environment Canada. He was appointed to his present position in July 2000. Dr. McBean's research interests are in atmospheric and climate sciences, ranging in scope from the natural sciences of the phenomena to the policies of governments and responses of people to them. He is undertaking new research on the changing climate and weather systems in the Arctic, and investigating the role of science in changing government policies. An area of interest is the changing occurrence of extreme weather events with climate change, their influence on public systems and strategies for adaptation. In addition to his activities at UWO, Dr. McBean is active nationally and internationally. He is Chair of the Board of Trustees of the Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences and a member of the scientific committee for the International Arctic Research Center of the University of Alaska, the Board of the International Institute for Sustainable Development, the Northern S&T Committee, and the Canadian Committee for the International Polar Year. He was a lead author for the Arctic Climate Impact Assessment. Earlier in his career he participated in the first Polar Experiment planning meeting and as chair of the World Climate Research Programme helped create the Arctic Climate System Study (ACSYS). He has received the Patterson Medal for distinguish contributions to meteorology by a Canadian and is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada, the Canadian Meteorological and Oceanographic Society and the American Meteorological Society. Ian Mauro Canada Research Chair in Human Dimensions of Environmental Change Ian Mauro is a Canada Research Chair in "human dimensions of environmental change" at Mount Allison University, in New Brunswick. He is both a researcher and filmmaker, with a PhD in environmental science, and his work focuses on hunter, farmer and fisher knowledge regarding environmental change, specifically issues related to food security and global warming. As part of his doctorate, he co-directed "Seeds of Change" (www.seedsofchangefilm.org), a highly controversial film that was banned from being released by the University of Manitoba, and created one of the largest academic freedom battles in Canada. For his postdoctorate, Mauro teamed up with Zacharias Kunuk and Igloolik Isuma Productions to develop "Inuit Knowledge and Climate Change", the world's first Inuktitut language film on the topic. The film is available for free on our website (www.isuma.tv/ikcc). This upcoming year, Mauro will be collaborating with Sheila Watt-Cloutier - acclaimed Inuk climate change advocate and Nobel Prize nominee - who will be working on her forthcoming book as a Visiting Scholar at Mount Allison. Ian can be contacted through email at [email protected] Jamal Shirley Manager, Research Design and Policy Development Iqaluit Research Centre, Nunavut Research Institute Jamal Shirley is Manager of Research Design at the Nunavut Research Institute in Iqaluit. He grew up in Rankin Inlet, Nunavut, and has lived in Iqlauit since 1997. An advisor to researchers working in the social, natural and biological disciplines in Nunavut, Jamal contributes to research design, data collection, analysis, and public outreach for a wide range of studies. He has served on the advisory board for the Arctic Storm Studies Project, and as a member of Canada’s National Committee for International Polar Year. As a member of the Nunavut Government’s Sustainable Development Advisory Group Jamal contributes to the development of policy and strategies relating to resource development, climate change adaptation, land use planning, and wildlife management in Nunavut. Jamal also works directly with Nunavut community groups to develop research proposals and identify funding and partnerships. What do some of the fastest growing S&T Firms in Canada think about Canada's Innovation Policy? The policy community has no shortage of indicators and creative ideas to support more innovative economies and high quality services to and opportunities for Canadians. The challenge, rather, is to determine the right mix of indicators to monitor for a desired outcome in a particular sector, and the right approach to policy development and implementation for the same sector outcomes. This panel will set out to identify the most influential policies and gaps in policy for fast-growing S&T firms in Canada. The discussion would explore issues of incentives, trade, HQP, innovation strategy and partnerships as they are influenced by policy and implemented through management practice. The panelists will be invited to explore one or two of these issues to a greater depth that speaks to specific policy and management linkages. The panelists represent some of the fastest growing S&T companies in Canada, moderated by Dr. Charles Davis, Research Chair in Media Management and Entrepreneurship at Ryerson University, and of the Innovation Systems Research Network. Ryerson Unversity's School of Radio and Television Arts Charles Davis is a professor in Ryerson Unversity's School of Radio and Television Arts (Faculty of Communication and Design) and is cross-appointed with the Entrepreneurship and Strategy Department in the Ted Rogers School of Management. He currently teaches and conducts research on management and policy in industries that produce experience goods - with special interest in innovation and new product development in the software and content layers of mediated creative industries. He is currently involved in research projects on media product innovation, media labour, media industry clusters, audience responses to media offerings, corporate governance of innovation, and digital entrepreneurship. His recent graduate and undergraduate teaching includes courses in media management, new product development, political economy of media industries, audience analysis, innovation in experience-producing industries, cultural economy, and media entrepreneurship. He teaches in Ryerson's MA in Media Production program, in the Ryerson/York MA/PhD program in Communication and Culture, and in Ryerson's MBA/MSc in Management of Technology and Innovation program. Hickling Arthurs Low Dr. David Arthurs is the President of Hickling Arthurs Low (HAL). David specializes in economic analysis, policy development, and strategic planning for public sector science and technology organizations. David has a BASc in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Waterloo, an MBA from the University of Ottawa, and a PhD from the School of Business at Queen's University Curtis VanWalleghem, MBA, BEng, PMP Hydrostor Inc Mr. VanWalleghem currently leads energy storage start-up Hydrostor Inc. Curtis has spent the last 10 years helping companies set and execute on their strategy. Prior to Hydrostor, he was Sr. Manger in Deloitte's Corporate Strategy Consulting Practice where he advised some of the top energy companies in Canada and around the globe. He has also held positions at Bruce Power, Celestica Inc, and CIBC. Nicolas Morgan Vice-President, Business Development and Marketing Morgan Solar Nicolas Morgan is a co-founder of Morgan Solar, and leads the company’s Business Development and Marketing efforts. He holds a Bachelor of Social Science in Anthropology and a post-graduate degree in Applied Information Technology. Before coming to Morgan Solar at the start of 2008, Nicolas spent two years in Spain as a senior manager for FON Technologies, a Web 2.0 start-up. At FON, Nicolas coordinated the activities of business development teams in Europe, North America and Asia. Prior to this, Nicolas worked at Ernst & Young as a risk management and business process advisor to the Ontario electricity sector. Glen Martin Pod Generating Group Glen has over 20 years experience in early-phase project development in space and high technology sectors. Most recently he served as co-founder and Senior Adviser in Business Development at ProtoStar Limited, a satellite operator focused on direct-to-home satellite television services in Asia. Prior to co-founding Pod Generating Group, Glen worked with NASA, Motorola, Hughes and Raytheon on advanced space systems and international business development. He previously worked for McDonnell Douglas Space Systems Company, Boeing Canada and Rolls-Royce Canada. He holds a Bachelor of Technology in Aerospace Engineering from Ryerson University and an MBA from the University of Southern California. Reaching out with Big Science The public often learns of developments in science in the media distilled from press offices at peer-reviewed journals or universities. In a few cases, research institutions such as the Mayo Clinic and CERN have also developed a reputation for being seen as authoritative sources of science news and information for the public. In recent years, the Canadian research landscape has grown to feature a number of ‘big science’ facilities. These institutions, such as TRIUMF, Ocean Networks Canada, the Canadian Light Source, SNOLab and the Perimeter Institute, conduct research at the forefront of science – often at the convergence of science disciplines and with a scope and scale that is larger than traditional research institutions in government or the academy. In addition to research, all of these laboratories also engage in a number of forms of public engagement and outreach, ranging from media relations to classroom education. In a media landscape where science reporting is becoming increasingly fractured, what role do Canada’s big science facilities have in being sources of science news, information and education? Matthew Dalzell Canadian Light Matthew Dalzell is the Communications Coordinator and Staff Writer at the Canadian Light Source, Canada’s national synchrotron facility in Saskatoon. His role includes media relations, strategic communications and telling stories about the science done at the CLS as an embedded science writer. One of the items on his ‘bucket list’ was fulfilled soon after starting at the CLS in 2004: appearing on CBC radio’s Quirks and Quarks. Matt earned a M.Sc. in Geology, specializing in palaeontology, as well as bachelor degrees in Science and Education, all from the University of Saskatchewan. He taught high school in Saskatoon and rural Saskatchewan, and spent several years on full-time service with the Royal Canadian Navy as a reserve staff officer and instructor. Matt is also chair of lightsources.org, an international communications collaboration of synchrotrons and other high-energy light source facilities. John Matlock Director, External Relations & Public Affairs Perimeter Institute John Matlock is the Director of External Relations and Public Affairs, Perimeter Institute for Theoretical physics. John and his team are responsible for a wide range of Perimeter Institute's strategic communications and relationships. Since 2004, John has led a wide range of activities, including special events with Stephen Hawking, the award winning "Quantum Tamers" documentary (viewable in sixty countries), and the successful "Quantum to Cosmos: Ideas for the Future" festival, reaching over one million on-site, online and via television. Prior to joining Perimeter, John was an award winning news producer in both the CTV and CBC news organizations. In transferring his skills to science communications, he has guided others in a successful "rule of three" - tied to content, conversation and coordination. Penny Park Science Media Centre of Canada Penny Park is the Executive Director of the Science Media Centre of Canada, with extensive hands-on experience in radio and television science journalism. From 1980 to 1995, she worked as a producer and senior producer with Quirks and Quarks, the award-winning weekly science program on CBC radio. Since 1995, Penny has been with the Discovery Channel, where she helped develop the show now called Daily Planet. Originally from Montreal, she first earned a BA from the University of New Brunswick, studying linguistics, followed by a B.Sc (honours) in biology from the University of Guelph, graduating there in 1980. Tim Meyer, Ph.D Head of Strategic Planning & Communications Dr. Timothy I. Meyer is Head of Strategic Planning and Communications at TRIUMF, Canada’s national laboratory for particle and nuclear physics. He coordinates interactions with elected officials, stakeholders, the general public, and the media. Tim oversaw preparation and successful approval of the laboratory’s five-year plan 2010-2015 and played a role in Canada’s national discussions about producing medical isotopes using accelerators. He came to TRIUMF in late 2007 from the U.S. National Academies in Washington, D.C., where he served as an expert in science and public policy as a senior program officer at the Board on Physics and Astronomy. Dr. Meyer joined the U.S. National Academies after earning his Ph.D. in experimental particle physics from Stanford University. Tim has been recognized for excellence in public-policy analysis and communication strategies. In 2010, he chaired a strategic communications review of the U.S. DOE’s premier plasma and fusion science laboratory managed by Princeton University. When not working, Tim reads pulp fiction on his Kindle, plays volleyball, and follows his gourmet-chef wife around the kitchen to wash the dishes. Jay Ingram Science Broadcaster and Writer Jay Ingram was the host of Discovery Channel Canada’s Daily Planet from the first episode in January, 1995 to June, 2011. Daily Planet is the only hour-long, prime-time daily science show in the world. Prior to joining Discovery, Jay hosted CBC radio’s national science show, Quirks and Quarks, from 1979 to 1992. During that time he won two ACTRA awards, one for best host, and several Canadian Science Writers’ awards. He wrote and hosted two CBC radio documentary series and short radio and television science stories for a variety of programs. He was a contributing editor to Owl magazine for ten years, and wrote a weekly science column in the Toronto Star for twelve. Jay has also written eleven books - which have been translated into twelve languages - and is working on more. Jay has received the Sandford Fleming medal from the Royal Canadian Institute for his efforts to popularize science, the Royal Society’s McNeil medal for the Public Awareness of Science and the Michael Smith award from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council. He is a Distinguished Alumnus of the University of Alberta, has received five honorary doctorates and is a member of the Order of Canada. Luncheon Address - PIPSC Gary Corbett Professional Institute of the Public Service of Canada Gary Corbett brings over 30 years of experience in the public and private sectors to his role as President of the Professional Institute of the Public Service of Canada (PIPSC). Mr. Corbett represents 60,000 members including more than 23,000 scientists, researchers and regulators who work in government departments, agencies and laboratories. A former employee of Natural Resources Canada, Gary worked as a scientist conducting operational research in the coal mining industry in Cape Breton. Relocating his family to Ottawa following the close of the coal industry in 1998, he focused his attention on policy development as it pertains to the role of public science and evidence-based decision-making. As National Vice-President and then President of the Institute, Gary Corbett has ensured that PIPSC is actively engaged in the search for solutions to the challenges facing Canadian science. He initiated and chaired successful Science Policy Symposiums in 2007 and 2010. Mr. Corbett is also strongly committed to advocating on behalf of Canada's public science and its public scientists. Keynote Luncheon Address Examining the Prospects of a Canadian Science Policy Centre The original agenda was published in the CSPC website, follow it here Filed under: Conference, Information Technology	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line52
__label__wiki	0.894372	0.894372	Encyclopedia > Percy Bysshe Shelley Percy Bysshe Shelley (August 4, 1792 - July 8, 1822) was an English Romantic poet, famous for poems such as "Ozymandias" , "Ode to the West Wind" and "To a Skylark". Born into an extremely wealthy family of Sussex gentry and heir to a baronetcy, Shelley received education at Eton College and then went to the University of Oxford (University College). His first publication was a Gothic novel, Zastrozzi (1810), in which he gave vent to his atheistic worldview through the villain Zastrozzi. In the same year, Shelley together with his sister Elizabeth published Original Poetry by Victor and Cazire. After going up to Oxford, he issued a collection of (ostensibly burlesque but actually subversive) verse, Posthumous Fragments of Margaret Nicholson. A fellow-collegian, Thomas Jefferson Hogg, may have been his collaborator. In 1811, Shelley published a pamphlet, "The Necessity of Atheism", which resulted in his being sent down from Oxford, along with Hogg. He could have been reinstated, following the intervention of his father, had he recanted his avowed views. Shelley refused, which led to a total break between himself and his father. In the same year, Shelley eloped to Scotland and married Harriet Westbrook, the daughter of a coffee-house keeper. Once married, Shelley moved to the Lake District to write, but shortly afterwards visited Ireland in order to engage in political pamphleteering. Two years later he published Queen Mab: A Philosophical Poem. The poem shows the influence of the British philosopher William Godwin, and much of Godwin's freethinking radical philosophy is voiced in it. By now unhappy in his marriage, Shelley fell in love with Godwin and Mary Wollstonecraft's daughter, Mary. In July 1814 they eloped to Europe. After six weeks, out of money, they returned to England. In the next year, Shelley produced the verse allegory Alastor, or The Spirit of Solitude. It attracted little attention at the time. In the summer of 1816 the Shelley entourage (which by then included Mary's step-sister Claire Clairmont) went to Switzerland, where they met Byron (whose mistress Claire Clairmont had become the previous April). They stayed near him on the shores of the Lake of Geneva. A tour of Chamonix in the French Alps produced "Mont Blanc", a difficult poem in which Shelley ponders questions of historical inevitability and the relationship between the human mind and external nature. In December 1816 Harriet Shelley committed suicide. A few weeks after her body was recovered from the Serpentine River in London's Hyde Park, Shelley and Mary Godwin were married. In 1817, Shelley produced Laon and Cythna, a long narrative poem in which the two principal figures were incestuous lovers and which attacked religion. It was hastily withdrawn after only a few copies were published, then edited and reissued as The Revolt of Islam in 1818. Shelley also wrote two revolutionary political tracts under the nom de plume of "The Hermit of Marlow." Early in 1818, he and his new wife left England for the last time and settled in Italy. During the remaining four years of his life, Shelley produced his major works, including Prometheus Unbound (1820) and Adonais (1821). Traveling and living in various Italian cities, the Shelleys were friendly with Byron. Tragedy struck in 1818 and 1819, when his infant daughter and son died of climate-related illnesses. In 1822 Shelley arranged for his friend Leigh Hunt, the British poet and editor who had been one of his chief supporters in England, to come to Italy with his family; he intended that the three of them -- himself, Byron and Hunt -- would create a journal, to be called The Liberal, with Hunt as editor, which would disseminate their controversial writings and act as a counter-blast to conservative periodicals such as Blackwood's Magazine[?] and The Quarterly Review[?]. On July 8, 1822, Shelley drowned in a sudden storm off Leghorn in the Bay of Spezia[?], while sailing back from Pisa and Leghorn to Lerici in his schooner, the Don Juan. He was returning from having set up The Liberal with the newly-arrived Hunt. The name "Don Juan", a compliment to Byron, was chosen by Edward Trelawny, a member of the Shelley-Byron Pisan circle, but according to Mary Shelley's testimony, Shelley changed it to "Ariel". This annoyed Byron, who caused "Don Juan" to be painted on the mainsail, giving offence to the Shelleys, who felt that the boat now looked like a coal-barge. The vessel, an open boat designed from a Royal dockyards model, was custom built in Genoa for Shelley. It did not capsize but sank; Mary Shelley declared in her "Note on Poems of 1822" (1839) that this design had a defect and was never seaworthy. Shelley's body was washed ashore and later cremated on the beach near Viareggio[?]. His heart was snatched, unconsumed, from the funeral pyre and kept by Mary Shelley until her dying day, while his ashes were interred in the Protestant Cemetery, Rome[?]. Three children survived him: Ianthe and Charles, his daughter and son by Harriet and Percy Florence, his son by Mary. Charles died of tuberculosis in 1826; Percy Florence, who eventually inherited the baronetcy in 1844, died without children. The only lineal descendents of the poet are therefore the children of Ianthe. External Links e-texts of some of Percy Bysshe Shelley's works: The Complete Works Of Percy Bysshe Shelley (http://www.abacci.com/books/book.asp?bookID=2526) The Witch Of Atlas (http://www.abacci.com/books/book.asp?bookID=1861) Shelley at Project Gutenberg (http://promo.net/cgi-promo/pg/t9.cgi) ... or more races. 3.89% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 4,578 households out of which 42.9% have children under the age of 18 living wi ...	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line53
__label__wiki	0.732575	0.732575	Milestone-Proposal:Intel 4004 Microprocessor Revision as of 14:15, 12 June 2020 by Bberg (talk \| contribs) (Further tweaking) Intel 4004 Microprocessor, 1971 Utilizing new silicon-gate MOS technology, the Intel 4004 microprocessor incorporated the electronic functionality of a 4-bit computer's Central Processing Unit (CPU) onto a single chip, with cost and performance improvements over existing multi-chip designs. Although initially designed for a family of desktop calculators, software customization enabled by its general-purpose instruction set made the single-chip microprocessor a key component of the digital information age. Unit: Santa Clara Valley Senior Officer Name: Taylor Winship IEEE Section: Santa Clara Valley IEEE Section Chair name: Tayor Winship Proposer name: David Laws Proposer name: Brian Berg Robert N. Noyce Building (Intel Headquarters), 2200 Mission College Blvd, Santa Clara, CA 95054 USA 37.3882663, -121.9637798 Please give the address(es) of the plaque site(s) (GPS coordinates if you have them). Also please give the details of the mounting, i.e. on the outside of the building, in the ground floor entrance hall, on a plinth on the grounds, etc. If visitors to the plaque site will need to go through security, or make an appointment, please give the contact information visitors will need. At the entrance to the Intel Museum, which is in the lobby of the Robert N. Noyce Building The 4004 development work was performed at Intel's original headquarters at 365 E. Middlefield Rd., Mountain View, CA. The engineering design team moved to Intel's new headquarters at 3065 Bowers Ave., Santa Clara, CA (later called Santa Clara 1, or "SC1") in 1971, prior to the November 1971 product launch. This left only the Fab 1 facility in Mountain View, where the MCS-4 Micro Computer Chip Set was manufactured for at least its first year of production. The Mountain View building is extant but privately owned. SC1 is extant but not accessible to the public. The Mountain View building is about 6 miles from both SC1 and the Intel Museum. By the entrance to the Intel Museum, on the ground floor of the Robert N. Noyce Building. The Intel Museum is open to the public during normal business hours. There is no charge for entry. The Intel 4004 was a complete 4-bit parallel central processing unit (CPU) on a single silicon chip. Introduced in 1971 as a member of the MCS-4 Micro Computer Chip Set, it was the first commercial microprocessor integrated circuit offered to the general public. The success of the product established the commercial viability of the microprocessor concept, led to the development of 8-bit chips from Intel and other vendors, and also led to the use of microprocessors first in embedded products, personal computers, and then throughout the industry. Single-chip microprocessors are now ubiquitous throughout the world. Development work began in 1969 when Japanese calculator-maker Busicom asked Intel to design a set of chips for a family of programmable calculators. The original design called for at least 12 custom chips, but Ted Hoff saw this approach as unnecessarily complex and expensive. His solution was to develop a single-chip, general-purpose logic device which would retrieve its instructions from semiconductor memory. Program instructions as stored in the 4001 ROM were executed by the 4004 CPU at a rate of 60,000 per second. Cognizant of financial troubles at Busicom, and sensing the market potential of the product, Intel paid back the $60,000 that they had received from Busicom to design the chip set in exchange for Busicom's surrendering to Intel of its exclusive rights to the product. This allowed the 4004 to be formally introduced by Intel in November 1971, and to be sold for $200 in single quantity. Early market applications included operating traffic lights and taxi meters. The key technical obstacle was adapting Intel's P-channel silicon-gate MOS process to accommodate 2300 transistors in a chip size that was economical and practical to manufacture in volume. As discussed with reference to Federico Faggin in the 29 Sept 1969 issue of Electronics, the new direction in MOS technology at that time was the development of a self-aligned gate MOS process (to reduce parasitic capacitances) combined with a lower power supply voltage (from -24 volts to -15 volts) by reducing the maximum threshold voltage from -9 volts to -3.5 volts. This was accomplished for the first time in 1968 by using polysilicon instead of aluminum in the gate electrode. The result was a technology that, for the same power dissipation, resulted in (1) a 5x speed improvement, (2) reduced leakage current (by more than 100 times), (3) higher circuit density (especially for random logic designs) using the buried contact, which allowed fabricating an insulated contact between junctions and polysilicon, thereby resulting in half the chip area for the same function, and (4) higher reliability by using phosphorus gettering to reduce metal impurities, which was not possible with an aluminum gate. This increase in speed and functionality within a single chip allowed the 4004 to be a single-chip CPU, with a resultant improved cost and greatly improved performance, as compared with a multi-chip implementation. The MCS-4 family consisted of: 4001 (ROM), 4002 (RAM), 4003 (Shift Register) and 4004 (CPU), and each device had a pin count of only 16. While this low pin count reduced manufacturing cost, it also necessitated a cumbersome 4-bit bi-directional data bus for the communication of 12-bit addresses and 8-bit instructions amongst these 4 devices, a scheme implemented using time-division multiplexing and a fixed 8-click time clock in which each of the 8 clicks had an agreed direction and purpose, and as further described in US Patent 3,821,715. While performance thereby suffered by a factor of 2.5, the 5x speed and 2x size improvements enabled by the use of silicon-gate MOS technology (which also allowed the chip to be small enough to fit into a 16-pin package) resulted in a family of devices whose overall system functionality was not impaired. A similar set of factors applied to the 18-pin 8008 (introduced in 1972), but Intel's highly successful 8080 microprocessor of 1974 used a 40-pin package. The political and commercial obstacles at the time included initial reluctance by Intel management to promote a chip that would compete with products from the company’s existing customers, the reluctance of the market to grasp the power inherent in a single-chip CPU, and the lack of knowledge regarding how to use such a device. The latter two obstacles were overcome by way of extensive customer education programs, and new hardware and software development tools. By the late 1960s, designers were striving to integrate the CPU functions of a computer onto a handful of MOS LSI chips. Two notable examples are (1) in 1969, Lee Boysel created the Four-Phase Systems Inc. AL-1, an 8-bit CPU slice that was expandable to 32 bits, and (2) in 1970, Steve Geller and Ray Holt of Garrett AiResearch designed the MP944 20-bit chip set to implement the F-14A Central Air Data Computer on six chips. Both were multi-chip custom designs for specific applications. The Intel 4004 was a general-purpose device that integrated more of the essential logical elements of a processor onto a single chip than what had been done previously. These functions included a program counter, instruction decode/control logic, the ALU, data registers, and the data path between these elements. Although originally designed to implement a family of programmable calculators by way of Intel's contract with the Japanese company Busicom, the 4004's general-purpose instruction set allowed it to be embedded in devices such as peripherals, terminals, process controllers, and test and measurement systems. 1. HONORS The Marconi Society's 1988 Marconi Prize to Federico Faggin "for his pioneering contributions to the implementation of the microprocessor, a principal building block of modern telecommunications" [1]. The 1988 Gold Medal for Science and Technology to Federico Faggin from the Italian Prime Minister. The 1994 IEEE Computer Society's W. Wallace McDowell Award to Federico Faggin “for the development of the Silicon Gate Process, and the first commercial microprocessor” [2]. The 1996 National Inventors Hall of Fame inductees included Federico Faggin [3], Marcian E. (Ted) Hoff [4] and Stanley Mazor, for the microprocessor [5]. The 1997 Kyoto Prize recipients included Federico Faggin [6], Marcian Edward Hoff, Jr. [7], Stanley Mazor [8] and Masatoshi Shima [9] in Advanced Technology: Electronics. The 2000 Robert N. Noyce Award presented by the Semiconductor Industry Association to Federico Faggin, Stanley Mazor and Ted Hoff, "Inventors of the Microprocessor" [10]. The 2009 Computer History Museum Fellows included Federico Faggin, Marcian Edward "Ted" Hoff, Stan Mazor and Masatoshi Shima "for their work on the Intel 4004, the world’s first commercial microprocessor" [11]. The 2009 National Medal of Technology and Innovation recipients included Federico Faggin, Marcian E. Hoff, Jr. and Stanley Mazor, as presented by President Obama "for the conception, design and application of the first microprocessor, which was commercially adopted and became the universal building block of digital electronic systems, significantly impacting the global economy and people's day-to-day lives" [12]. 2. PATENTS RESULTING FROM 4004 DESIGN Faggin, F. “Power supply settable bi-stable circuit” U.S. Patent 3,753,011 [13] Hoff, Jr., M. E.; Mazor, Stanley; Faggin, Federico. "Memory System for a Multi-Chip Digital Computer" U.S. Patent 3,821,715 [14] 3. TECHNICAL ARTICLES, CONFERENCE PAPERS & BOOKS "A faster generation of MOS devices with low thresholds is riding the crest of the new wave, silicon-gate IC's," Electronics (29 Sept 1969) pp. 88-89. Faggin, F. and Hoff, M.E. "Standard parts and custom design merge in four-chip processor kit," Electronics (24 April 1972) pp. 112-116. Altman, Laurence "Single Chip Microprocessors open up a New World of Applications," Electronics (18 April 1974) pp. 81-87. Noyce, R., and Hoff, M. "A History of Microprocessor Development at Intel," IEEE Micro, Vol. 1, No. 1 (1981) pp. 8-21. Faggin, F.; Hoff, M.E., Jr.; Mazor, S.; Shima, M. "The history of the 4004," IEEE Micro, Vol. 16, Issue 6 (December 1996) pp. 10-20. Faggin, F., Shima, M., Hoff, M.E., Feeny, H., Mazor S. "The MCS4 - An LSI micro-computer system," IEEE 1972 Region Six Conference, IEEE Press (1972) pp. 8-11. Intel MCS-4 Micro Computer Set Data Sheet, 1971 (12 pages). Augarten, Stan. "The First Microprocessor - 4004," State Of The Art: A Photographic History of the Integrated Circuit, New Haven & New York: Ticknor and Fields, 1983, pp. 30-31. Malone, Michael S. "The Microprocessor: A Biography," New York: Springer-Verlag TELOS, 1995, pp. 3-20. 4. INTERVIEWS & ORAL HISTORIES Federico Faggin: An Interview Conducted by John Vardalas, IEEE History Center Interview #442, 27 May 2004 [15]. Federico Faggin Oral History, interviewed by Gardner Hendrie (22 Sept 2004, 13 Dec 2004 and 3 March 2005), Computer History Museum Catalog # 102658025 [16]. Ted Hoff and Stan Mazor on their contributions to the Intel 4004, Ted Hoff and Stan Mazor interviewed by David Laws (20 Sept 2006), Computer History Museum Catalog #102657974 [17] Oral History Panel on the Development and Promotion of the Intel 4004 Microprocessor, Federico Faggin, Hal Feeney, Ted Hoff, Stan Mazor and Masatoshi Shima, interviewed by Dave House, and edited by David Laws (25 April 2007), Computer History Museum Catalog #102658187 [18] 5. ONLINE VIDEOS The Designer Behind the First Microprocessor: Federico Faggin [19] (length: 4:19) Ted Hoff, Inventor of the Microprocessor, Richard Newton Distinguished Innovator Lecture Series, U.C. Berkeley (8 Sept 2009) [20] (length: 48:08) Intel 4004 Microprocessor 35th Anniversary, Computer History Museum (13 Nov 2006) [21] (length: 1:37:59) 6. BLOG, PHOTOS & MISC. DOCUMENTS Who Invented the Microprocessor?, David Laws (20 Sept 2018) [22]. Intel: A Look Back on the Early Years: Photos from Intel in the Early 1970s [23]. Intel 1988 Annual Report: Includes historical outline and photos from Intel's first 20 years [24]. Photo of 4004 die [25]. 1971: Microprocessor Integrates CPU Function on to a Single Chip - Silicon-Gate Process Technology and Design Advances Squeeze Computer Central Processing Units (CPU) Onto Single Chips, The Silicon Engine (30 May 2020) (includes a plethora of links, photos and citations related to the 4004, along with a nice overview) [26]. 7. VIDEODISC The Microprocessor Chronicles: The History of the Microprocessor "The history of the invention of the microprocessors through three and half decades of technological change as told by those that made it happen. Interviews with Dennis Carter, Federico Faggin, John Hennessy, Ted Hoff, Dave House, Stan Mazor, Regis McKenna, Gordon Moore, Jerrt Sanders, Albert Yu," Stanford University Library; Palo Alto, CA, 2005 [27] Retrieved from "http://ieeemilestones.ethw.org/index.php?title=Milestone-Proposal:Intel_4004_Microprocessor&oldid=9209"	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line57
__label__cc	0.686098	0.313902	Report from Critical Realism Integral Theory Symposium Posted by bonnitta roy on October 27, 2011 at 11:32am in Open Forum The symposium was intense and I think caused a shift in integral thinking. There were integral theorists in one group, Roy Bhaskar and his students of Critical Realism in another group, and Gary Hampson and I played the role of meta-theoretical referees of sorts. I had the benefit of having read just about all of Bhaskar’s work before I went, so the discourse was very rich and meaningful for me, where others seemed to be struggling with basic concepts (on both sides ) I will try to outline some of the main ideas that I took away from it. Bhaskar talks about philosophy as “under-laboring” different disciplines or fields. Critical Realism’s focus is to under-labor science (physics, biology, sociology)… which means that it can point out the hidden assumptions or embedded frameworks which “under-lay” the science, thereby pointing to inconsistencies or falsities of theories that are created from within that discipline. To this effect, Critical Realism (CR) has a broad criticism of empiricism, which says that within any given empirically-driven theory, there are a set of assumptions outside of which the theory doesn’t work. In other words, all the truths that arise from empirical science is constrained by the framework from which the science is conducted, and therefore the “truths” are relative, not universal. One easy example of this is if you go to an Indian reservation and do “empirical science” you can “prove” that Indians are more lazy, less intelligent, more prone to alcoholism and crime, more degenerate, etc… than the general white population. It is easy to see that these “facts” appear only because an Indian reservation has a history that explains why these are contingencies of that history, not “facts” about native Americans. CR says all empirical science has this kind of blind spot, and that the role of philosophy is to contextualize what is “outside” the purview of the science, and the role of science Is then to advance its theory to include what was previously outside. This is a never-ending process, and puts philosophy right at the side of science (which is very cool I think.) The method that CR uses is a dialectical method that has 3 major “steps” (there are several more steps in his system, I am generalizing). First there is what he terms “immanent critique”. This is where you critique the system from within the system’s own understanding. An important part of immanent critique is pointing out what is absent from the system/theory. The second step is “explanatory critique” which explains the system’s inconsistencies by pointing to what is left out and explains why the “truths” that arise within the system are merely “apparent truths” when the greater view is taken into account. The third step is an emancipatory “leap” -- which is an axiological step, or relates to values. The emancipatory leap asks what has to be “absented” from this line of reasoning to redress oppression or to transform the system toward greater liberation. This last step relies on principles Bhaskar calls “co-presencing” or “transcendental identification.” When we applied this type of analysis to Integral Theory (IT) , we got the following key problem areas: IT commits the epistemic fallacy: IT confuses the “known world” from the “real world”, resulting in a “many worlds” view. In the symposium we talked a lot about the differences between CR’s one(shared)world versus IT’s many –worlds view. IT describes all these “worlds” that are enacted at different altitudes across different methodologies. This is problematic, because all those worlds are actually worldviews – or known worlds. This is the epistemic fallacy. On the other hand, CR must account for separate worldviews, and it does this through the notion of the stratification of the actual world. (CR makes a distinction between the actual and the real – the “real world” is a unity of transcendental co-presence, whereas the actual world is stratified by structures that arise from social processes, biological processes, etc…) Whereas IT gives the impression that the transcendentally unified world obtains at the end of a process of greater and greater embrace of “many-worlds” in a single consciousness, CR begins with the unity of the real world, and adopts the role of explaining why the actual world is stratified. [An interesting aside is that Wilber writes from a spiritual wisdom of the abosolute unity of consciousness, and then goes on to fashion of theory that emphasizes the discordance of the world; whereas Bhaskar tells us how he began with this notion of critical naturalism, and ended up with the philosophy of meta-reality and its spiritual notions of transcendental co-presence. Many of the core constituents of Critical Realism denounce Bhaskar’s spiritual turn, and ridiculed him about attending a symposium with IT.] IT is based on the notion of broad empiricism. This was an intense discussion that took place between Bhaskar and Zak Stein. Bhaskar ‘s understanding of philosophical arguments is unparralleld, and Zak held his ground around questions of Kantian idealism and the kinds of American pragmatism that grew out of neo-Kantian approaches such as Dewey, Piaget, James and Pierce. When Bhaskar tagged the American pragmatists as “closeted neo-Kantians” Zak identified himself as proud to be a neo-Kantian! The level of discourse between them, with intermittent contributions by Michael Swartz, was truly a meeting of the minds. All the discourse proceeded in a space of open hearts – which Roger Walsh commented on several times – and I think this had a lot to do with the space/subtle field that Sean Hargens was careful to set, and hold. The shifts in understanding were challenging, difficult, but also real and palatable. The ramifications of this critique is huge for IT. it suggests that all the developmental theories – which derive their validity from empirical research – are lacking a key explanatory critique. This is also true for Wilber’s state theories since, being based on the injunctions of science are also empirically-bound. So, for example, development theory says that the ego goes through certain stages from simple to more complex, in various ways, as part of development. People like Zak Stein and Suzanne Cook-Greuter differ about their taxonomy, but the basic process of diversification, complexification, integration is true throughout. The same is valid for Lovenger and Kegan’s moral stages. CR says : but you are lacking an explanatory critique about why the stages are the way they are. The empiricist in you says only “that they are” and posits that this is a deep truth about the universe. The CR “underlabors” and says, but these stages are the way they are because of structures that are contingent and are operating outside the field that you are studying. What are these structures? They are structures like the dominant geo-social-political economy that constrains development in just these ways, such that to survive the ego must constantly become more and more complexified along just these lines. The CR say, indigenous cultures are not “lower in the developmental scale” because the developmental process is what you say it is but they appear to be “lower” because they exist outside the geo-socio-political economy that constrains your system. In other words- without the explanatory critique, the broad empiricism is like a self-fulfilling hall of mirrors. IT has a monological ontology (or alternately, has a hidden “shadow” ontology). The mono-logical ontology of IT is “reality is composed of perspectives all the way up and all the way down.” Remember, this commits the epistemic fallacy. But since it over-determines all of reality, then it becomes impossible to anchor disparate “truths” through appeal to a greater or separate fact-checker. IT checks “facts” by appeal to “a community of the adequate” except that the community itself is deemed adequate according to the premises produced by those very same “facts” – the ordering of the perspectives. So having a mono-logical ontology means having no way to really assess the validity of what you are saying or taking as truth or real. The hidden ontology of IT turns out to be the system of eros, agape, phobos and thanatnos, but from a philosophical rigor point of view, these are highly problematic. First, they are either metaphysical ideas (hence inconsistent with IT’s post-metaphysical empiricism) or psychological constructs (hence, contingent, not absolute truths). If they are contingent, then they themselves require an explanatory critique (the history of their use in western literature, for example, and how they were appropriated by the perennial philosophy, etc…). The explanatory critique points out the need for a greater (more diverse) ontology. IT has a seriously problematic developmental bias. On the third day there was a discussion point around the difference between individual and social holons. Sean had prepared some documents detailing the brilliant work he had done in Integral Ecology around this question, noting that individual holons have parts, social holons have members; and the way depth and span change differently between them. These explanations were well done, and the CR people plodded through trying to understand them. After a while, I played my meta-referee role and asked – why is it that IT goes through all these complicated hoops to make social holons fit the theory in a way that it does not reduce people in societies to “parts”? since it seems to me that the more elegant solution would be to say that development a la holarchy is a suitable dynamic for individual interior growth, but not a suitable dynamic for the LL quadrant (or perhaps for any of the other quadrants) Why is IT not able to incorporate multiple process dynamics across the 4 quadrants? Why does it seem so “costly” to change the theory but not so costly to over-complexify the theory to make things fit neatly with Ken’s vision? This was a very emotional moment, and the energetic shifted strongly when I made the suggestion that perhaps Ken himself was limited by his cultural conditioning of the white-western-male dominant metaphor of development (think of economic development, ecological development, and the strongly transcend-and-include hierarchy they manifest) – I suggested that the system was so insidious, that here we are today, as proponents of a liberation theory (liberation theorology) but still inside the oppressive container that is contingent with the dominating socio-cultural narrative. It was at this point that one of the CR told the story about how we as “thrown into the world” as it is, already pre-constrained, with all kinds of non-access to what is outside of the world we have come into as conditioned beings. That if any one of us were born in a poor village in Nigeria, or in the fields of Cambodia – we would be so very different than what we suppose people are like, so very different our understanding of the human condition and human nature. This led to a heart-felt sharing of how destructive this dominant narrative is. Zak Stein outlined the atrocities he witnesses in the intentional misuse of resource into the education and testing system that advances the military-industrial program at the expense of the arts and children gifted in these areas. He described the federal education system as the neuro-pharmacological engineering of children, that our children were being instrumentalised as “brains” in the same way that workers were instrumentalised as “labor”, except now the people in power realize that the tipping point in the human capacity for knowledge-making, and they want that all applied to the old value-system of military-industrial (and financial) control of geo-politics. I offered that this is precisely why I never had children, because I could not see my way out of having my children being appropriated by the state in this way, and he also shared similar conversations he has had with his wife as a young married couple. This was very intense! And then I interjected the point – that this process of indoctrination was sooooo insidious, that here we are, as integral thinkers, outlining a developmental theory that is based on the same embedded notions of ego-development, what it is to mature as a human, etc…. It was truly a defining moment in the week. Sean asked us all to note what was happening in the larger, subtle field, but also to check in with ourselves, our own heart energy, what had shifted, etc… Bhaskar has a working metaphor (heuristic model) for three levels of reality. Our everyday reality he calls the “actual”. Basically this level is the same as world-views, and Bhaskar has a taxonomy of how the actual is stratified (the structural conditions of stratification) and and explanatory critique of how that arises. The greater reality he calls the “real”. It is easy to see how in one sense the actual is always ontological part of the real. But the real can be an outlier to any particular actual reality. Even so, the real is always causally effecting the actual – it comes up in cognitive dissonance and cultural discordance, scientific anamolies, etc… and shows us time and time again that the actual is part of an open system (the real). When Wilber writes about the “IOW” that every perspective adds to the kosmos, he is basically making the same distinction between the actual (perspectival world) and the real (what is owed or outside). Finally, there is the “demi-real” which are errors, falsities, or illusions. These are really interesting in Bhaskar’s philosophy, because he describes a very important feature of these illusions – he says that the demi-real is the world of “causally effective illusions.” What does he mean by this? Think of the famous Buddhist story of the man who mistakes the rope for a snake. This is an illusion. Nevertheless, the man takes caution in approaching the rope. Therefore the illusion has effected the man and changed his behavior – the illusion is causally effective. Once you get the hang of this idea, you realize that much of our world is actually run by causally effective illusions. All of advertising, political slogans, propaganda. The Ego is a causally effective illusion. Pride, prejudices, object-relations of all sorts. It just goes on and on and on. For Bhaskar, this is all contained in this realm of demi-reality. Unlike the notion of maya, however, fortunately for us, Bhaskar also describes the world of the real and the actual. Like Wilber’s taxonomy of methodological perspectives, this heuristic device is extremely helpful when disambiguating domains of knowledge and discourse. It creates a logical progression from demi-real > disembed > actual > disembed > real > disembed > meta-reality. The realm of meta-reality is the real outside of all our apperception of it, one might say the aperspectival realm or “view” as I have described elsewhere, or think of it in terms of that part of the real that has not been enacted (a la Hargens’ enactment theory). The meta-real is also closely associated with the non-dual (level, not state-experience). In this area of the meta-reality, Bhaskar really starts to shine. He talks about transcendental identification that underlies the ability for two people to communicate or understand each other. He talks about the non-dual self as one’s ground self or ground of being, and the possibility for two selves to co-presence at this ground state. He describes various conditions for being alienated from one’s ground-state, although all ground states co-presence in a kind of “cosmic envelope” as he terms it. Here though the Integral group was able to make more distinctions between different types of state experiences. Unfortunately there was a sense of “show-manship” or “one-up-manship” going on from those practitioners who had greater and rarer state experiences. Whereas the CR had an intellectual propensity towards appreciating the non-dual ground, IT practitioners had more first-hand experience of those interior territories. Paradoxically, however, those who claimed higher first-hand experience had more difficulty appreciating the notion that everyone is always already coming from their ground state, even though they may have not had conscious, first-person phenomenal experience of such. In general terms, IT people were thinking of spiritual aptitude (there again the developmental bias) as the capacity to look over, above, or down from, where the CR were thinking of spiritual origination, as the ever-present shared ground of co-presence. Roy Bhaskar has a number of phrases that are like poignant koans. He likes to say that “no one can ever teach anyone something.” He gives an example of a teacher trying to teach an algebraic formula. If someone is “not getting it” no matter how many times and different ways the teacher says it, she cannot control whether the student learns or not. At some point the student just has to “get it” – the teaching happens somewhat spontaneously in that ahha moment. From this Bhaskar talks about how dysfunctional the education system is, and likes to describe how the environment can be designed to facilitate the ahha momement, rather than how education is usually approached. Bhaskar has a phrase “the higher the transcendence, the deeper the immanence” – which is a kind of ethical commitment for his philosophy. It entails what he calls “Theory-Practice Consistency” – that what you espouse in your theory must be backed by your actual practice. He is fond of telling the story of Hume who said that it made no difference if you walked out of the building from the 3rd floor window or the front door – yet Hume always himself exited through the front door. He describes theory-practice inconsistency as a lack of seriousness – and noted that like his own CR philosophy, integral theory is serious. Both CR and IT came to see the ethical component of seriousness as being serious about individual liberation and social emancipation, and a key moment in the group process came when one of the IT people suggested that being serious about liberation and emancipation should be the ultimate test or determination for the validity of the theory; as opposed to the theory limiting or otherwise detracting from its originary moral or ethical seriousness. There was several rounds of discussion around application and instrumentalization of the two theories. CR finds itself constrained by a too secular, too-academic milieu, and found themselves wanting to do more of the process/meditation/grounding/ presencing exercises that Sean, Roger, Vernice and others presented. Sean made noise on his violin one morning, and one of the CR sang for us. These were very powerful, significant, meaningful and important moments. On the other hand, IT could boast of a diversity of intiatives (JITP, Inegral Life, II, SUNY books, etc…) in which IT was promoted and branded to a diverse and large community. This is turns out was at the cost of sacrificing some of the rigor in Roy’s work, although the CR were envious of the larger following/ greater movement that IT seemed to have created. The peculiar American way of branding touching on commercializing IT theory was painfully pointed out to IT by CR. I had several personal reflections during and after the symposium. First I noticed how much chance and contingency were responsible for any given theory. The contingency of being born in a certain place and time, with a given culture and a language, and how that shapes one’s philosophy. The contingency of Wilber’s health and his inability to be at the symposium. The fact that I was able to attend because Mark Edwards had a personal emergency and didn’t. The way the group process morphed around each others ideas, and the particular roles each individual played as if only this special configuration of individuals made it possible for the process to presence itself. I spoke with a CR student who follows Andrew Cohen and we talked about the potential for the marketplace for spiritual materialism and commodification of spiritual energies. Being a Critical Realist thinker, She had a much different understanding of Cohen’s evolutionary spirituality, as more like “emergence spirituality” ie. evolution without the teleological imperative. We talked about the dangers of a teacher/guru being able to bring up, point out, and induce state changes, which are universal, and the ethical choice of the appropriate narrative that would be liberating or emancipatory. Finaly, on the flight home, I was dogged by something Bhaskar writes about, but didn’t say at the symposium. He writes how/that the master-slave relationship depends upon the creativity of the slaves. Now when I read that, I of course thought of all the third-world people, or working poor, or immigrants that labor to keep the world’s wealthiest and powerful in their positions (including myself as an American). But on the plane home I got hit with a HUGE ahha! And started thinking about ego development itself as the creativity of the slaves! I began to get this feeling that if our society, culture, educational system were not embedded in its particular history of modernity (neo-Kantian enlightenment project and the western canon), then maybe ego would not need to go through these stages of hyper-complexification in order to make meaning (Suzanne Cook-Greuter describes developmental theory as the way ego makes meaning). Perhaps the very notion of ego, hyper-reified as it is post-Descartes, would not be the causally effective illusion that has driven western imperialism until the entire planet has become monological. Then I began to see that in this sense, everyone was a creative slave, in service of this monological ego… and began to see how/that/why the entire system has become, as Gebser predicted, deficient, and is transitioning. I was happy to be able to walk through this time of change, with the tools and language of both IT and CR. Finally, some thoughts about meta-theory that came out from this symposium. First, meta-theory has the characteristic tendency to “exit its own domain” – so that time and time again, we found ourselves caught in philosophical minutia, having exited the domain of “being in service to people.” Talking about theories of ecology is not the same as doing ecology. Talking about theories of theories of ecology is not doing ecology—its doing meta-theorizing. Secondly, two meta-theories at the same level can “see” each other. This is a counter-logic. It’s like saying A>B>A. But meta-theory does uphold this anti-logic. For example, CR could “see” and “contextualize” IT as part and partial to CR (ie could see how/that CR was a greater whole to IR); but likewise, turning the tables around, IT could contextualize CR as the lesser part to itself. The idea here is that being able to subsume any given meta-theory is not a valid test to whether one meta-theory is “more inclusive” than the other. This has serious philosophical ramifications when you think about it. Lastly, I was aware of the peculiar relationship meta-theory has with embodied reality. There was a huge and somewhat chaotic point in the symposium when people were talking about the map not being the territory, that the territory the map is in is meta- to the territory the map points to, etc… and the discussion seemed to have been transported into the realm of intellectual trance dancing. Not that I don’t like trance dancing .. but that’s another story altogether…. Permalink Reply by bonnitta roy on October 28, 2011 at 11:33am I like to make the distinction between a "natural hierarchy" and a (we could call it a demi-real) one. a "natural hierarchy" is rather trivial, in a sense, and is either derived from "definition" -- you define one set as a set of sub-sets -- or from logical necessity (i.e. single-loop thinking is required before double-loop thinking, before triple-loop, or from Fisher, you have to be able to have representations, before you can have mapping to representations) -- so these are only "hierarchical" in the way the definitions are set up. they have to do with epistemic frame, not with something "out there"... the something "out there" is necessary, but not sufficient to create the hierarchy. I've also criticized the (invisible) foundations of how higher stages are 'proven' via mathematical sets, e.g., the model of hierarchical complexity. The mathematical basis turns out to have quite a few metaphysical assumptions taken as a 'given.' Permalink Reply by Edward theurj Berge on October 28, 2011 at 11:44am Also see chapter 5.2 of TDOO when Bryant discusses Badiou's use of set theory, also discussed briefly in the referenced thread below. Bonnie: 1.IT commits the epistemic fallacy: IT confuses the “known world” from the “real world”, resulting in a “many worlds” view. In the symposium we talked a lot about the differences between CR’s one(shared)world versus IT’s many –worlds view. IT describes all these “worlds” that are enacted at different altitudes across different methodologies. This is problematic, because all those worlds are actually worldviews – or known worlds. This is the epistemic fallacy. On the other hand, CR must account for separate worldviews, and it does this through the notion of the stratification of the actual world. (CR makes a distinction between the actual and the real – the “real world” is a unity of transcendental co-presence, whereas the actual world is stratified by structures that arise from social processes, biological processes, etc…) Whereas IT gives the impression that the transcendentally unified world obtains at the end of a process of greater and greater embrace of “many-worlds” in a single consciousness, CR begins with the unity of the real world, and adopts the role of explaining why the actual world is stratified. This is a central interest of mine, and one I am in the midst of re-exploring in light of OOO and other views we've recently been discussing on this forum. I also had arrived at a "Many Worlds" interpretation, which I discuss in a paper that will be appearing in an upcoming issue of JITP, although I got there via a different route than Sean. (My influences in this regard are Panikkar, Varela, Ferrer, and Skowlimowski, among others). Although a postmetaphysical, enactive, ontological pluralist view, as I understand it (and as I have developed and embraced in my own thinking), is not subject to the charge of "anthropocentrism" that Bhaskar, Speculative Realists, and OOO philosophers all lay at the feet of correlationists*, I suspect it nevertheless may still be accurately charged with committing at least some level or form of the epistemic fallacy. I say "some level of," because an enactive-pluralist view, as I understand it, does not strictly limit itself to epistemology, recognizing as it does that "world(s)" are not epistemically constructed whole-cloth by individual beings, in that reality also "pushes back" or constrains perspectives, has the capacity to surprise, exceeds any individual's understanding, etc. This view also argues that the "inhabited worlds" of various species are physically transformed by entities' distinction-drawing and modes of embodied engagement in/with their enacted worlds: they don't only come to "see" the world in a particular way, or "carve up" a uniform pre-existing world in a particular species-specific form; their behavior actually feeds back into their world(s) and effects real change, so there is an ongoing evolutionary "looping" between the epistemic and the ontic, both changing and transforming (or ever-re-manifesting in new gestalts). As Theurj was noting, OOO similarly embraces a "Many Worlds" view, but apparently on ontological grounds rather than merely epistemic ones. The idea here, as I understand it, is that not all "objects" in existence enter into relationships with each other, so there is no single "world" or "environment" in which all objects are unified and in integrated interaction with each other. Worlds, in this view, are not only domains of distinction selected out from a single world to which all beings have access, but are rather ontologically separate conglomerations of objects. I believe OOO would classify this description of ontologically separate conglomerates as a description of the (transcendentally deduced) Real, rather than the actual worlds of lived experience (using Bhaskar's distinctions), but it sounds like Bhaskar would disagree with this. I don't know Bhaskar well enough, however, to say much beyond this, or really to choose sides (yet) in this debate. Permalink Reply by bonnitta roy on October 28, 2011 at 2:59pm Nice work. My approach would be to say that the "real" is processural (and not get bogged down into the trap of having to decide if a process is a singular or a plural, I would say that those categories themselves are "products" or "structures" or "orders" of onto-genetic (generative) process; and the actual is the realm of multiple orders or structures. The explanatory critique then is to describe (prescribe) the onto-genetic processes of the actual. Every actual occassion subtends those aspects of the real (partial but not wholely) into a new momentary unity (the many become one and are increased by one) -- so in this scenario there is no need to take up a position on the apparent problem of one world/many worlds. Yes, that makes sense. I agree, at least, that committing solely to either the "one world" or "many worlds" thesis may not ultimately be necessary or fruitful. While I have emphasized the "Many Worlds" ontology, especially in my discussion of the emancipatory horizons of various spiritual systems and their soteriological models (i.e., there are multiple forms of realization, spiritual fulfillment, etc, and multiply enacted spiritual "worlds," which I emphasize particularly out of a concern to sidestep the various problems that have attended the various forms of religious inclusivism), I have also been arguing (against OOO) that it does make sense to take a "universe" view, in some circumstances, alongside a "pluriverse" view. I take this view inspired, in part, by Brian Swimme's arguments for the same. But I'm still working out some details. I used to hold largely to a processural view, and at one point in my youth attempted to create a thoroughly processural language and grammar, but more recently had been convinced by Wilber that "process" is subordinate to "perspective" (being a 3rd person mode). Recent discussions are inspiring me now, though, to adjust my thinking to better integrate the ontic and the epistemic in my thinking (to avoid the epistemic fallacy). To this end, would you accept a phrase such as "onto-epistemo-genetic process"? Or is there a parallel epistemic term that you would hold alongside onto-genetic? Or do you think the ontic should take precedence over the epistemic? One tack, in this debate, may be to identify "world" as a category properly belonging to the "actual" -- since the etymology of the word, which is "the age of man," appears to be related to the concerns of sentient beings -- and then to describe the Real in different terms. I think your question "reduces" to how do we get beyond the epistemic-ontological dipolarity... and again, I think a process approach can help. One of the key "tools" of a process approach is to see that dipolars are not opposites in the sense of "the more you have of one the less you have of another -- which is conventionally dualistic -- but to see them as asymmetrical, and to discover what makes them asymmertrical. In many cases, it is the arrow of time that accounts for the asymmetry. Another important aspect of onto-logics (my term for thinking in terms of generative or onto-genetic process) is that no starting point is absolute -- so you just have to pick a starting point for your narrative, without prejudicing it as ontically real. what comes first, the chicken or the egg? doesn't matter, you just have to state you are starting from the perspective of the egg, or the perspective of the chicken, and you can cover the entire onto-genetic process either way. you don't have to choose. so that is a metaphor. now, what comes first? the epistemological or ontological aspect? if we say they "come together" because they are dualistic pairs, then we haven't made any progress. ( this is the end-game of nargajuna's tetralema). if we can see them as asymmetrical, and our narrative starting point as arbitrary, then we can make some progress... that is the methodology of my onto-logics... have you seen that paper? also -- what is your FB name? who are you anyway? I used to hold largely to a processural view, and at one point in my youth attempted to create a thoroughly processural language and grammar, but more recently had been convinced by Wilber that "process" is subordinate to "perspective" (being a 3rd person mode). Recent discussions are inspiring me now, though, to adjust my thinking to better balance the ontic and the epistemic in my thinking (to avoid the epistemic fallacy). To this end, would you accept a phrase such as "onto-epistemo-genetic process"? Or is there a parallel epistemic term that you would hold alongside onto-genetic? Or do you think the ontic should take precedence over the epistemic? Hi, Bonnie, I'm about to head out the door, so I will return later with a fuller response, but briefly for now: One, I'm Bruce Alderman. I work at JFKU and have chatted with you briefly several times on FB. (I'm sorry I didn't make this clear; I assumed you already had made the connection, though I don't know why....) Two, regarding the relation of ontology and epistemology, have you read Joel Morrison's book, SpinbitZ -- particularly his notions of the embryogenesis of the concept, and the complex and asymmetric relations of ontology, epistemology, ontic, and epistemic? I have returned recently to his book, and I've been engaging with it alongside the OOO and SR materials in my current re-tweaking of my thinking in this area. I am not sure I've read your paper on onto-logics, but would like to see it. A few distinctions from SpinbitZ which may be relevant here: Ontology and epistemology are epistemic (relative forms of knowledge), and the epistemic and ontic are ontological (aspects of the Real). The ontic is subrepresentational, and the epistemological, which transcends and includes the ontic, is representational (and necessarily relative, fallible). Through these distinctions, among others, Joel argues that materialists and idealists make related mistakes. Materialism confuses (or conflates) the ontic with the objective (with extension), identifying the latter as an absolute (to which all other categories much ultimately reduce), rather than recognizing the 'objective' as a relative epistemological (not ontic) category. And idealists make a similar mistake with regard to subjectivity, absolutizing it and regarding it as a foundational, ontic category rather than an emergent epistemic one. The ontic level describes formative protocols in Joel's model, which I expect may correlate to some degree with your notion of onto-logics, while the epistemic involves descriptive protocols. Permalink Reply by kelamuni on October 29, 2011 at 6:12pm So in the actual world Balder and Bruce Alderman are different people but in the real world they are the same? "In other words- without the explanatory critique, the broad empiricism is like a self-fulfilling hall of mirrors." Gee, where have a read that before? Hahaha, I'm not sure if Balder is actual or demi-real.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line62
__label__wiki	0.543925	0.543925	ISIS’ Defensive Position in Iraq 21 May 2015 \| 00:17 Code : 1947869 Review General category Send To Others An essay by Naser Kan’ani, Head of the Iraq Bureau at the Iranian Foreign Ministry Despite the present situation in ar-Ramadi and ISIS’ general domination over major regions of the al-Anbar and Nineveh provinces in western Iraq, the general conditions of ISIS and the terrorist groups in Iraq is defensive and their offensive trend is significantly reduced. The reason is that except these two provinces, ISIS has been forced back in other provinces such as Diyala, Salahuddin, the surrounding regions of Baghdad, Kirkuk and northern Iraq and they are cleansed from their presence. The presence of ISIS in the two provinces of al-Anbar and Nineveh can be analyzed from two aspects: First, geographical conditions and the area of this region Second, long borders with Syria which has facilitated their military transportation and the delivery of logistic aids and human forces The government of Iraq has attempted to cleanse the surrounding regions of Baghdad province and the nearby provinces from the presence of ISIS and then move towards the western provinces of al-Anbar and Nineveh. An analysis of the present conditions shows that despite the clashes between the Iraqi forces and ISIS in different regions, the Iraqi forces have come out of the defensive position and now initiate new actions. The vast geography of the fight against ISIS and ISIS’ usage of point war and their access to logistics and new recruits from the borders between Iraq and Syria have taken the superiority of the Iraqi forces. On the other hand, ISIS attempts to distract the concentration of the Iraqi forces from strategic points to different areas. Despite the significance of the clashes in ar-Ramadi, I believe that the present conditions will not last long for ISIS and, in general, the situation in Iraq is not hopeful for this group. The following points should be mentioned with regard to the clashes between the Iraqi army and security forces and ISIS in ar-Ramadi: 1- ISIS still receives its logistical needs from inside Syria. 2-The government of Iraq does not receive significant help from its neighboring countries except Iran and the role played by the international coalitions is not clear. 3-The present situation of this fight shows that the number of air strikes launched by the coalition forces is very limited. 4-This fight is mainly concentrated in the regions where people live. That is why this fight is more difficult for the popular forces of Iraq than ISIS who uses the people as human shields. 5-This fight is of a militia type which the official forces of Iraq are not strong in. 6- The government of Iraq has not yet been able to use the complementary popular forces called the Hashd al-Shaabi alongside its official forces in al-Anbar because it is under US pressure. 7-The vast geographical areas of fighting and Iraq’s long borders with Syria have facilitated ISIS’ logistical needs and foreign supports. Finally, despite the great efforts of the government of Iraq, it has not been able to receive the necessary arms from the US. Therefore, the conditions of war against ISIS are not easy for the Iraqi government. I believe what could change the existing equation to the benefit of the government of Iraq is a national strategy in order to establish operational solidarity between the popular and official forces of Iraq so that they could turn the events around in ar-Ramadi as they did in Tikrit. tags: isis iraq Trump's Inglorious Demise and the Future of US Foreign Policy Iran reiterates support for people of Yemen Iran says will halt 20% enrichment if U.S. lifts sanctions Rouhani: U.S. clashes exposed weakness of Western democracy Iran’s Foreign Ministry elaborates on seizing South Korean oil tanker ISIS Targets Iranian Pilgrims, MP Urges Revenge Cease-fire in Syria, Fire under the Ashes in Iraq © کلیه حقوق قانونی این سایت متعلق به سایت دیپلماسی ایرانی و استفاده از مطالب با ذکر منابع بلا مانع است. Develop and design: A.C.A CO	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line63
__label__wiki	0.9039	0.9039	IRAQI TROOPS SEARCH FOR MISSING GIs It has been five days since four American troops and an Iraqi Army interpreter were ambushed and killed in the Triangle of Death by Al Qaeda insurgents and three troops were taken hostage, and with a massive dragnet in place it is fair to ask whether it is having a negative impact on the surge. The answer, according toa knowledgeable source, is yes. Bill Roggio confirms that two battalions have been pulled out of Baghdad to join the search, including a Special Operations battalion that was patrolling Sadr City, and two helicopter batallions also have been thrown into the mix. The source said that there is no evidence that the ambush-kidnappings were specifically designed to hurt the surge. "The patrol was a target of opportunity," he explained, "and the insurgents took it. It's propoganda effect is huge and it certainly is creating chaos." There also have been these developments since my in-depth report on the incident on Wednesday: * Sixteen suspects have been detained, including two who apparently confessed to taking part in the attack, and equipment has been recovered that might have belonged to the missing soldiers. The detainees appear to be middle men who were hired by the insurgents. Col. Michael Kershaw, the commander of the Second Brigade Combat Team of the 10th Mountain Division — the unit that was attacked and that is leading the search — said roughly 4,000 American and 2,000 Iraqi troops had pursued a series of tips that had led to the equipment and the detainees, along with many dead ends. At one point, soldiers drained a canal after a tip that bodies were being dumped there. Said Kershaw: "We’re not going to stop what we’re doing. We’re not going to stop searching." An additional battalion was sent into the area on Wednesday. Helicopters are flying search missions around the clock and dogs used for finding bodies and bombs are accompanying foot patrols. * The search area south of Baghdad has been divided into 35 sectors, 32 of which have been searched, but the hunt also has been extended to regions south and east of Fallujah in Anbar province, according to a earlier report by Roggio. This is a region where Al Qaeda maintains a strong base of support and where it was initially believed insurgents would take the captives. * It remained unclear how the soldiers were attacked, although it is suspected that grenades or rocket-propelled grenades were involved. Lieutenant Colonel Michael Infanti, the battalion commander for the unit attacked — Company D, Fourth Battalion, 31st Infantry Regiment — said the road near the Euphrates River where the ambush occurred had houses on either side. Infanti said the attack as "complex." Concertina wire around the troops' two Humvees had been breached, and shell casings around the vehicles suggested that the soldiers had put up a fight. * The dog tags of one of the four American soldiers who died are missing and apparently were taken from the scene by the attackers. That could explain why the military has only been able to identify three of the four dead soldiers. The missing or killed soldiers have been identified as Private First Class Joseph J. Anzack Jr., 20, of Torrance, California, Private Byron W. Fouty, 19, of Waterford, Michigan; Specialist Alex Jimenez, 25, of Lawrence, Massachusetts; and Sergeant Anthony J. Schober, 23, of Reno, Nevada. The dead soldiers have been identified as Sergeant First Class James D. Connell Jr., 40, of Lake City, Florida; and Privates First Class Daniel W. Courneya, 19, of Nashville, Michigan, and Christopher E. Murphy, 21, of Lynchburg, Virginia. * A military investigation has concluded that three U.S. soldiers slaughtered in a grisly kidnapping-murder plot in June 2006 near this week's ambush were not properly protected during a mission that was not well planned or executed. A report on the investigation said the platoon leader and company commander failed to provide proper supervision to the unit. They have been relieved of their commands but do not face criminal charges. A summary of the investigation provided to The Associated Press also said it appears insurgents may have rehearsed the attack two days earlier, and that Iraqi security forces near the soldiers' outpost probably saw and heard the attack and "chose to not become an active participant in the attack on either side." Al Qaeda has said that the kidnapping-murders were in retaliation for the March 2006 rape of 14-year-old Abeer Qassim Hamza al-Janabi and murder of her family near Mahmudiyah. Photograph: AFP	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line64
__label__cc	0.735874	0.264126	R.I.P. Kenny Rogers SteveMacD Location: The Buckeye State https://variety.com/2020/music/obitu...es-1203541233/ His music was a weirdly significant part of my childhood. On and on it will always be, the rhythm, rhyme, and harmony. THE Stephen Hopkins Find all posts by SteveMacD He was one of the biggest musical stars when I was in elementary school. I was looking at this Wikipedia page this morning and in the late 70s he released a new album every 6 months. Those albums had hits so he pretty much stayed on the charts endlessly in the late 70s to very early 80s. His recording of Lady was a masterpiece and I don't think anyone including Lionel could have done it better. He was on the charts in 1982 with the Mac with his Six Pack movie theme "Love will turn you around" and its one of my favorites from him. His star power was so strong that I think looking back one of his biggest hits "Coward of the county" is a bit odd and hard to believe it was a #1 song. But he could do no wrong. 1983 Mick Fleetwood The Zoo Brett Tuggles Bekka Bramlett Musician Photo 8X10	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line66
__label__wiki	0.813354	0.813354	NCAA tourneys could provide a bonanza for Illini, NU The collegiate golf season reaches its climax in the next three weeks, and it could go down as one for ages as far as Illinois schools are concerned. Both the men’s and women’s teams at Northwestern qualified for the NCAA tournament and the Illinois men’s squad looms as one of the favorites for the national title again. Coach Mike Small’s Illini are ranked No. 2 in the national polls and Emily Fletcher’s NU women are No. 8 in the women’s poll. Fletcher’s team is already qualified for the NCAA finals after last week’s rousing 18-stroke victory at a regional elimination at Shoal Creek in Alabama. Small’s Illini are the top seed in the men’s regional that starts on Monday at Blackwolf Run’s Meadows Valley Course in Kohler, Wis. In addition to the 13 teams competing, the 10 individual invitees there include Tee-K Kelly, the Ohio State senior and Medinah member who won two of the last three Illinois State Amateur titles, and Miami of Ohio sophomore Patrick Flavin, who is from Highland Park. Northwestern’s men’s team is the No. 9 seed in a regional at Karsten Creek in Stillwater, Okla. All the regionals are contested over 54 holes and the top five teams and low individual at each regional qualifies for the national finals at Eugene Country Club in Oregon. The women compete at Eugene from May 20-25 and the men from May 27-June 1. Illinois is a No. 1 regional seed for the second straight year and an NCAA qualifier for the ninth straight year on the men’s side. The Illini, ranked behind only Texas nationally, will be seeking their fourth straight regional title at Blackwolf Run. The NU women earned at least a share of the Big Ten title in three of the last four years but the regional title was the first ever for the Wildcats, be it the men’s or women’s teams. Freshman Janet Mao shared individual honors at Shoal Creek, and that was an encouraging sign that Fletcher’s team is peaking at the perfect time. The regional marked only the third tournament where Mao’s score counted towards the team total. Knoll tops first U.S. Open elimination The U.S. Golf Assn. reported that 9,877 players entered the U.S. Open and the elimination process has begun for next month’s finals at Oakmont, in Pennsylvania, Ray Knoll, the 2014 Illinois Amateur champion from Naperville, carded a 4-under-par 68 to win the first Illinois local qualifier on Monday at Village Links of Glen Ellyn. Knoll, who plays collegiately at iowa, was one stroke better than Tim Streng who teaches at Northwestern’s Wildcat Academy. NU sophomore Dylan Wu was a stroke further back but all three – along with Patrick Duffy and Kyle Kochevar – advanced to sectional play. Another regional was held at illini Country Club in Springfield, with Bloomington’s Kyle English and former Illinois State basketball player Brandon Holtz sharing low score honors with 2-under-par 69s. Mini-tour player Kurt Slattery of Taylor Ridge, also made it to sectional play. Once again Chicago won’t have a sectional elimination. The closest will be in Ohio, but qualifiers from the locals can opt for sectional berths in any area. Despite a lengthy weather-related suspension of play on Tuesday the 65th llinois PGA Match Play Championship is scheduled to be completed as scheduled on Thursday at Kemper Lakes in Kildeer. The Chicago District Golf Association’s second Mid-Amateur Championship has a Monday-Wednesday run at Lake Shore, in Glencoe. The women’s teams from Illinois Wesleyan and Aurora are in the NCAA Division III finals this week. The tourney, which started on Tuesday, concludes on Friday at Bay Oaks in Houston. The Illinois PGA will hold its next stroke play events on Monday at Westmoreland, in Wilmette. May 11, 2016 lenz	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line67
__label__wiki	0.533238	0.533238	Postcards from the End of [the] America[n Empire] Featured Postcards: "Unmatched Cairo," "Goodbye, Lebanon," "Beirut, 2020," "Next Month in Jerusalem!" "Battered But Unbroken Lebanon," "Lebanese Snippets," "Hezbollah or Bust," "Red Redux?" "Serb Hillbillies, Sandra Afrika and Alexander the Great," "Aleksandar of Macedonia," "Architecture of Cruelty," "Belgraders," "Jewish Shell Games, Mind Rapes and Final Solutions," "Heritage is Home," "Still Tranquil Belgrade" and "Balkans Ahead!" If you have a PayPal account, you can save me the fees by sending money directly to my email address: linhdinh99@yahoo.com . Thanks! Postcard from the End of America: Passyunk Square, Philadephia As published at Intrepid Report, CounterCurrents, Information Clearing House and Unz Review, 1/2/15: Writing this piece, I didn’t have to get on any bus or train, but only walk five minutes to see Beth, someone I first met 28 years ago. Most lives are improbable, I know, but when I listen to Beth talk, I often find myself thinking, That can’t possibly be true, but her facts have always checked out, and her stories consistent, even on a retelling many years later. Consider her three husbands. The first, Hayato, was a “sort of a sex champion,” Beth told me, and since I found such a designation bizarre, I dismissed the idea that she had a Japanese spouse at all, but then Beth showed me photos of herself in Tokyo, next to Hayato on his death bed, praying at a temple or in a sauna with a bunch of Japanese women, etc. Hayato had been divorced for nine years by the time he married Beth, but when she showed up in Japan, Hayato’s ex wife managed to corner the younger American to whack her several times on the back with a rod. “This is how the women treat each other in Japan. It’s true. This is what they do when there are no witnesses.” For aesthetic reason, Beth had decided to study Japanese, and it was her tutor that had introduced her to Hayato. After living in Philly for five years, they only went to Japan so Hayato could see his two daughters before dying of cancer. Her second husband, Eduardo, was from Venezuela, and they had found each other at a Cat Stevens fan club’s event. He had to fly in from Caracas. An international pow wow of Cat Stevens nuts? Give me a freakin’ break, I thought, but then Beth pulled up a MySpace page that had all these Cat Stevenish tracks they had recorded together. “That’s good. Lay your heartache down. After all, we’ve made it through.” “There’s a train under my feet, where the bricks have all slit down. All the factories are deserted, on the lonely side of town.” Although they were both into soft rock, Eduardo turned out to be a violent brute, so after so many bruises, Beth had to cut loose. With her third, and current, husband, Farooq, we’re entering the End of America territory proper, for the details of their life are very telling about the cracked state of our union. A doctor in Pakistan, Farooq came to the US four years ago. While working as a waiter in an Indian restaurant, Farooq met Beth, but after they married, he was hired by a medical center in Brooklyn, so he’s up there nearly all the time, while she stays in Philly to tend to her new café. Beth also does office work for a start-up energy company. Already, I’ve introduced you to three immigrants, Hayato, Eduardo and Farooq, and one refugee, Beth, but how is she a refugee? What is Beth fleeing from? Her Americanness, of course. Further, immigrants and refugees are overlapping categories, with each immigrant also a refugee to some degree, and even a tourist is a temporary refugee. In Cassavetes’ Husbands, three middle-aged Americans impulsively fly to London to escape their wives, kids, homes and mortality, but as weekend refugees in the UK, they’re also immigrants since they’re desperately searching for something better, which in their case is nothing less than sexual renewal. What they get instead are painfully atrocious conversations that lift no spirit, feed no soul but, being so true to life, only confirm the director’s genius. With two jobs and a business, you’d think Beth and Farooq are doing OK, but he’s only making $12 an hour, as a house doctor, no less, and she $11 an hour, and this 20-hour-a-week gig, Beth only got after beating out 97 other applicants. As for the café, it has lost $16,000 during its first year. “They say it takes three to five years to build up a restaurant, but in this economy, it will take five to seven years.” “But you’re losing more than a thousand every month!” “I want to be my own boss.” “How much are you paying in rent?” “That’s so cheap!” “Yes, but we’re also renting two apartments. Farooq was paying $1,450 a month in Bath Beach. That was the cheapest we could find. Now he’s in this shared space in Borough Park, the most Jewish part of Brooklyn. It’s funny that this old Jewish lady is renting to a bunch of Muslims!” “How many people are in there?” “Five, Farooq and four taxi drivers.” “So how much space does he get?” “He’s in the living room, on an air mattress, next to a loud TV. Another guy sleeps there too.” “So if the others are watching TV, Farooq can’t sleep?” “My husband can sleep through anything. He’s exhausted by the end of his 24-hour shift. It’s really horrible, people don’t know.” In middle-age, Beth’s face has gotten a bit rounder, and her blonde hair is now always covered by a cheery headscarf, in casual observance of her new religion. She still speaks in an excited voice, however, and laughs readily. I’ve never met her husband, but in a photograph, the younger man appears very mellow. Tiny, Beth’s café only has eight chairs at one table and two brief counters, though in the summer, another table is placed outside. The walls are smartly decorated with paper plates featuring drawings and praises from customers, many of them foreign. “Ngon Wá.” “Même au Québec, il n’y a pas meilleur!” Arabian Nights and three Krishnamurti books rest among a purple glass fish on the window ledge. On this last day of December, it was warm enough for the door to be open. Out of season, sunshine itself alarms, and this entire world seems to be melting. “Beth, I find it hard to believe your husband is only making $12 an hour. That’s less than what a nurse makes.” “They can pay him that because he’s international.” Foreign doctors and nurses are allowed into the US to knock wages down, but none of this saving is passed on to American patients, for our healthcare is by far the most extortionary in the world. A night on an American hospital bed will cost you $2,000, and that’s without any treatment. If you need stitches, be prepared to pay $500 per jab. Once I saw a man slipped in a shopping mall. As several onlookers came to his assistance, he waved them off and staggered out, holding his bleeding head. He was apparently terrified someone would call an ambulance and bankrupt him. Draining brains from poor foreign countries while sucking blood from this one, our healthcare racket dreams of a day when all doctors will be imported and paid next to nothing. After a marathon shift, they can curl up on reed mats in flop houses, and anyone who bitches during his, say, ten-year probation will be promptly deported. Farooq ain’t complaining, though, because fresh off the Boeing, he has a job, wife and hope while many natives have none of the above. If only business at the café would pick up, though. In spite of many rave reviews on Yelp, only two customers came in during the 1 ½ hour I sat chatting with Beth, and one bought just a token can of Coke after using the bathroom. Yelp has been bugging Beth to advertise. “How much do they want?” I asked. “$299 a month. I’m not going to pay that! They manipulate the reviews. They’re crooks!” “If you don’t advertise, they’ll bury your five-star reviews or even erase them, but if you pay, they’ll hide your negative reviews.” “That’s criminal!” “Yes, it is, and they’ve been sued too. What’s worse is, they distort the relationship you have with your customer. Before, if a customer needed something, they’d just talk to you, there is a relationship, but now, they publicly complain on Yelp, without talking to you. Or, they’re totally unreasonable. Like I explained to this one woman, my electricity was out, so I lost $500 of food, bulk items, and I actually didn’t have the money to buy ham and swiss cheese. I explained to this one woman that I had everything else, chicken tikka masala, bacon, paneer, whatever, just not ham and swiss, but she kept saying, ‘I want ham!’” “What a psycho!” “No, I think she was a Yelper, an Elite Yelper. They have a lot of power because they can just go online, slander you and destroy your business! I can usually spot Elite Yelpers because they hardly say anything, they huddle, and they walk all over. One woman got behind me behind the counter!” “Is there coordination between Yelp and these Yelpers.” “I don’t think so, but the ones who post a lot of reviews get perks. They get discounts, meals, membership to things. They get invited to parties.” “So these Elite Yelpers are like enforcers.” “Totally! They can knock you down, so you’ll have to pay Yelp to salvage your reputation!” Online, there are hundreds of posts branding Yelp an extortion racket, but the company made $233 million in 2013, nearly quadruple its take from 2009, so it can certainly absorb thousands of choleric yelps, unlike the small businesses it holds hostage. An outfit that appears to give you access to the local is in fact distorting or even destroying what’s on the ground, all to make truckloads of cash without producing anything, but this is typical of our new economy, where giant, rootless parasites feast on the littlest people. Those who flee from bosses are not just economic but political refugees, so of course they’d bristle at being shaken down by a faraway snake like Yelp’s Jeremy Stoppelman. As for those who wander the sidewalks pushing loosies, socks, roses, T-bone steaks or merely a song, they must sometimes tussle with overzealous cops. Within a few blocks of Beth’s café, there are still dozens of small businesses, mostly eateries, and except for a Dunkin’ Donuts, there are no chains here, for they can’t compete with the more carefully prepared food from the many cheesesteak joints, hoagie shops, pizzerie, taquerias or fancier ristoranti. Recent decades have brought more Asians, Mexicans, hipsters and queers, but it’s still essentially old school Italian. Across the street from me, unassuming Iannelli Bakery has been around since 1910, and strolling by on my way to Beth’s, I could hear Roberto Murolo crooning softly from its small outdoor speaker. What a romantic voice, but it’s no love ballad, however, but a fuck you, post-divorce dart, “Femmena, si tu peggio ‘e na vipera.” Woman, you’re worse than a viper. Basically, it’s a Napolitano precursor to “American Woman,” and to balance the scale a bit, consider “Mal Hombre,” which is best in Lydia Mendoza’s version. When not losing her mind over Elite Yelpers, Beth has to deal with her thieving upstairs neighbors. Waiting until she’s busy, they’d rush in to grab a few cans of sodas while tossing her just a dollar. They also toss trash bags from a second floor window into a neighbor’s back yard. “The first time I met them, they told me they were Greeks, but I knew they were Romas,” Beth laughed. “I actually said it, ‘You guys are Romas!’” Always very resourceful and versatile, Beth will survive one way or another, I’m sure. She’s made money from operating a rap recording studio, starting a line of ski gloves, made in China, and, get this, ghost writing papers, theses and even dissertations for Japanese and Korean students at UPenn, Drexel, St. Joseph and Temple. For someone who’s never gone to college, Beth has racked up half a dozen PhDs or so, but only for other people. “I wrote about Hegel, city planning, Frank Lloyd Wright. I did the morphology of idea in Robert Venturi, the postmodern architect. I did Stanislavsky in the Korean theater. I did a master thesis about the airline industry. Overnight, I wrote about food marketing.” “Overnight?!” “Yes, I can write very fast. It just flows out. I’ve observed a lot and know what’s cutting edge about many things.” “But you can’t write a dissertation about Hegel without doing some serious studying!” “I can, I’m totally serious, because I have this whole background of reading and philosophy. In junior high, I was already reading John Stuart Mill and a lot of very advanced stuff for a kid.” “So did you get paid well, at least?” “No, I gave them a very reasonable price, 12 bucks an hour. I wanted steady work. I also enjoyed being paid to learn, and I loved the chance to get my ideas into these institutions, you know, without having anything to do with academics. If I was doing it now, I’d charge ten times as much.” “Did you lift stuff, plagiarize in any way?” I’ve written about American universities as unscrupulous purveyors of debts and jive, but here you have deception coming from the students’ side. Still, there’s no way a hastily typed dissertation by someone who’s not deeply familiar with the subject should ever pass muster unless there’s negligence on the part of greedy universities. Foreign students don’t just pay full tuition but are often docked additional fees, and since many are children of the elites, they spend extravagantly while here. Unlike some actual kids I’ve known, they don’t have to work three jobs, shoplift or dance naked to get an education. In 2011, international students pumped $21 billion into the supine American economy. After a trip to the Yucatan, Beth also decided to compile a Mayan/English phrase book. With a native speaker, she spent years on this project, and the result, unpublished as yet, runs to 141 pages. “I’m not too well today” is “Ma’ jach uts yanilken be’ele,” and pronounced as “Mah hach oots yanilken be-elay.” “My head hurts” is “Yaj in pool.” As with so many other things Bethian, this book sounded so unlikely until I saw it. Born in Vineland, New Jersey, Beth has persistently sought out the foreign and reinvented herself many times. Though escaping her Americanness, she’s also intensely American, however, for there is nothing more us than the stubborn notion that a new, improved self is always possible, and the catalyst might just be that new job, lover, wardrobe, cosmetic surgery, self help book or lottery ticket, etc. On a national level, many believe a reversal of fortune will kick-start if only the right savior is elected, so as our despair becomes ever more acute, our delirium over any propped up messiah will only turn more obscene. Already, “hope” has been thoroughly caked with bullshit. With such an amnesiac past and chimeric present, an American has no ground under him, so he’s never at peace. Eternally restless, he’s always itching to violate borders and limits, so it’s only appropriate that he’d park his Abrams tank in the middle of an alien neighborhood in a country he’s only heard about yesterday. Most casually, he pops a Coors Lite as he points a 120mm gun at someone’s grandma. There’s no time for scruples, however, for the entire world exists only to help him grow, though to mature, he might have to lose everything below his mon pubis, as well as the top half of his head. Though mostly stuffed with dumb songs and dumber slogans, with a biblical verse wedged sideway, it’s still useful as a holder for his kickass baseball cap. 2015 has just begun, and each New Year, I hear less fireworks around midnight. Each Christmas has also become more morose. Philadelphia’s huge downtown shopping mall, The Gallery, will shut down by the end of January after 38 years. To evade overdue back rents, many tenants have already bolted, however. Interestingly, Philly’s newspapers haven’t leaked a word about this financial collapse, but then again, not a day goes by without a mess of upbeat economic ejaculations from the national media. Constantly splattered with so much phony optimism, I might just think the gloom I perceive is strictly local, but since I’ve crisscrossed this country repeatedly over the last several years, and have talked to countless Americans, I know for certain the strident cheerfulness is nothing but a sick soundtrack that bears no relation to reality. Among the merchants who will vacate The Gallery is my friend, Anwar. Like Farooq, he’s also from Pakistan. I’ve written about Anwar, but basically, he’s an insanely hardworking small businessman who lost both his house and $146,000, his life savings, during the 2008 stock market crash. Traumatized, he swore to never touch Wall Street again, but as the Dow gradually resumed its levitation, Anwar ignored my warning that it’s all rigged and dove back in. Determined to decipher the market, Anwar has jotted down, almost minute by minute, its cryptic fluctuations for at least half a year, and the result are reams of bizarre charts that don’t add up to anything and clearly haven’t helped him, for Anwar has lost at least another $10,000. Do look at samples of Anwar’s charts and tell me my friend hasn’t cracked. Meanwhile, Anwar’s business has continued to nosedive, and he’s lost money for seven straight Christmases, since his rent is tripled during the holiday months. On his worst days, Anwar’s eyes are red as he babbles about suicide, “And I wouldn’t want my wife and children to suffer either.” No refugee from drone strikes, Anwar is merely an economic immigrant, but the opportunities he found so ample even a decade ago have been turned into dust, and stripped of nearly everything, Anwar feels as naked as when he arrived. Millions of natives, however, are just as shorn, or about to become so, and in this raw state, will have no choice but to escape en masse as American refugees. Soon, even you will know what it’s like to flee with nothing but your asshole, and I also mean you, the insolent, niggling hypocrite with all the correct opinions! Do you have a hypothetical destination? Have you bought a phrase book? Many of us, though, will merely go underground. Posted by Linh Dinh at 6:57 PM Labels: Philadelphia, text I just looked at Anwar's charts. That is insane. Just how much time is he putting into recording all these numbers? Seeing that I'm not in Passyunk, I can't do more at this time than just hope that Beth does well. Linh Dinh said... As long as the market is open, he's staring at his computer and jotting, and he's doing this sitting at his shopping mall kiosk. Of course, when there's a customer, he must stop to conduct business. What will he do, now that the mall is closing? He's in the process of moving into a new retail space, which he will share with two other merchants. It is on Chesnut Street, which has been in decline for the last 25 years or so. The positive to this is that the rent will be much less, so he won't have to sell nearly as much to survive. At times he talks about trying to get a job at a convenience store or driving a cab, but running his own business is still his best bet. He's supporting a wife and two kids. The wife is completely unassimilated, so doesn't leave the house. I wrote about her in my Bensalem Postcard. He's talked about sending his family back to Pakistan, but I think this would be a terrible move for his American-born kids. Linh, Passyunk Square brilliant, am sincerely grateful Postcards shall continue beyond book publication. Beth's story is riveting how she "sought the foreign... tried to shed Americaness." Then you put microscope to fact "she's intensely ambitious... nothing more us than the stubborn creation of an improved self." Great job, Linh, your goodwill to those like Beth is door to national redemption. Happy new year(S!) to you and Linky. Yo Chuck, I'd only qualify that Beth has always followed her heart, so that her "ambitions," so to speak, have often led her to making less money! Take her Mayan phrase book project, for example. It took her years, yet she made no money from it and soberly expected to make none. Her pursuit of the Japanese language was also very ambitious, and she did manage to learn how to speak, read and write, but this quest was never motivated by money. Though she knows how to be a business person, she's essentially an artist, I think. At CounterCurrents, a reader asked, "Where will we refugees go? Down?" I answered: "I suppose many will try to go North, though some South. Most will become merely internal refugees, I think, wandering around, by car or on foot, to beg or steal. The first wave to leave will be those who still have connections to another country. My landlord's children were born here but can speak Italian and have relatives in Italy, so it will be a lot easier for people like them to escape." As for internal refugees, we already have them in our millions of homeless. Appreciate your comment on U.S. internal refugees and the future. My concern is our country's > $14 trillion debt and blow-back from all the enemies government has created. I hope it does not get to a CRISIS point that a Fearless Leader emerges and starts internal population displacement like Josef Stain did. Jeb Bush will be the perfect "Boomer" to save all those "walking around on foot, beggars, robbers." Escape to Italy, that's the solution? I fear that there is no where to run really. Yes, the economy in Italy is a mess, and the political situation has become very volatile. I have an Italian friend who's been working in Japan for 11 years. He wants to return to Tuscany to teach yoga, but can't because the Italian economy is so bad. In Tokyo, he makes good money as a sommelier. Meanwhile, his sister has gone to Switzerland to work. The US is still relatively calm, but when the dollar and stock market collapse, you will see lots of people trying to get out, so many Italian Americans, for example, will naturally end up in Italy. Or take Vietnam. Though that country has serious problems, many Vietnamese-Americans are returning. Of course, most are not going there empty handed but with money they made here. Vietnam's most successful film director and male actor are Vietnamese-Americans, and though it's odd to claim them as economic refugees, they are essentially that because living in the US, their talents were going to waste. swindled said... This insolent, niggling hypocrite whose opinions are always accurate is considering fleeing to the Philippines, of course--where my wife's family is, and where there are no shortage of gray-haired American expats who roughly resemble myself. And though I haven't bought a phrasebook I do enjoy watching replays of teleserye programs .. though probably not for the same reason my wife does. Hi swindled, You're very lucky to have that option, and your situation also points out another way to escape. Americans can also get off this sinking ship by marrying a first or second generation immigrant, or a foreigner in another country, so this is a reversal of foreigners marrying Americans in order to come or stay here. Many years ago, my friend Jay married a Spanish woman who came to the US to be an au pair. They had a child here but returned to Spain, and though Jay eventually divorced his wife, he has stayed in Spain to this day and has no plan to come back. To retire in another country is also to remake onself, and this option that's available to many Americans is not available to most people on earth. Anyway, your departure, swindled, would still be orderly, for we haven't reached the panic stage of our collapse. In a talk by Richard Wolff (can't remember which one), he spoke of a man who broke his leg skiing, and the insurance provided by the resort stipulated that they would only cover the medical costs if he flew to Pakistan to have his bone set. Will this catch on? Actually, I think it would be rather fitting for the insurance companies to tank our medical system. 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Born in Vietnam in 1963, I lived mostly in the US from 1975 until 2018, but have returned to Vietnam. I've also lived in Italy, England and Germany. I'm the author of a non-fiction book, Postcards from the End of America (2017), a novel, Love Like Hate (2010), two books of stories, Fake House (2000) and Blood and Soap (2004), and six collections of poems, with a Collected Poems cancelled by Chax Press from external pressure. I've been anthologized in Best American Poetry 2000, 2004, 2007, Great American Prose Poems from Poe to the Present, Postmodern American Poetry: a Norton Anthology (vol. 2) and Flash Fiction International: Very Short Stories From Around the World, etc. I'm also editor of Night, Again: Contemporary Fiction from Vietnam (1996) and The Deluge: New Vietnamese Poetry (2013). My writing has been translated into Japanese, Italian, Spanish, French, Dutch, German, Portuguese, Korean, Arabic, Icelandic, Serbian and Finnish, and I've been invited to read in Tokyo, London, Cambridge, Brighton, Paris, Berlin, Leipzig, Halle, Reykjavik, Toronto, Singapore and all over the US. I've also published widely in Vietnamese.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line68
__label__wiki	0.549186	0.549186	Posts Tagged ‘europe’ Dream Theater – The Astonishing While here at Heavy Blog we usually err on the “for its own merit” side of the album/career debate, choosing to focus on an album’s singular traits rather than its place within a band’s discography, this would be a mistake here. While The Astonishing , one of the most anticipated albums of the year, is certainly a departure from everything Dream Theater has been giving us in the past few years, it’s also a return to several key sounds from the beginning and middle period of their career. Even that departure requires an understanding of the bigger picture of their trajectory; to depart from something, you need to understand something. And so, the first thing that is immediately apparent when the first real track (that is, not the intro) of The Astonishing begins to play is: this is a rock opera. When the second track begins to play, something else becomes immediately apparent: the main touchstone for this album within the extensive Dream Theater discography is Six Degrees of Inner Turbulence . That spring in the step, that hopeful and cheery outlook, screams of that intricate album, the closest the band have come to a rock opera in the past. Yes, OK, but is it a good album ? That’s what we’re all here to find out. In two words: yes and no. In more than that, The Astonishing contains some amazing tracks, possibly the best the band have produced since the lukewarm Octavarium trickled into our ears. When the tracks are playing, it’s impossible to resist how downright energetic this album is. At these moments, the cheesiness is perfectly balanced with that old-school Rush feel that Dream Theater have always been famous for and things work. They work really well in several points: on “Lord Nafaryus” for example, LaBrie delivers the intricate villain role with brilliant precision, doing things with his voice that he never has, as far as register and delivery goes. The artificial strings blend perfectly with the over the top piano, accentuated by signature guitar bridges from Petrucci. This cohesion is perhaps one of the best marks of a good Dream Theater album: when they work together, instead of playing against each other, they sound best. The slightest, cheesy touch from Petrucci near the end really closes the deal, making this one of the best tracks on both albums. This track is followed by two more excellent iterations of this new-fangled sound: “A Saviour in the Square” is epic to the exact degree needed, with a splash of horns to spice things up. LaBrie returns to more conventional grounds and reminds us that, regardless of personal taste, he is one of the most consistently excellent singers in the industry. Personal note time: when “When Your Times Has Come” kicks in, the next track down the line, I get teary eyed. This song is cheese to the maximum degree, but Rudess has chosen old school synth effects, with a wink to Kevin Moore perhaps, and LaBrie executes beautifully. This is “Hollow Years” territory: you know it’s cheesy rock but it just touches something within you and it works. Which brings us to the major defect with the album. Honestly, what band can expect to release 33 tracks and get that perfect balance between emotional propensity and technical achievement? Even Dream Theater, one of the most veteran and influential bands operating today, can’t pull it off. The Astonishing is replete with filler tracks, songs that really have no right existing other than an obscure parts they play in this (rather underwhelming) story that the album attempts to tell. And that’s not enough: cliche guitar parts mix with over-sweetness in LaBrie’s voice and bounce off the most cliche lines that Rudess can make from his keyboards. And they’re repetitive as well. There’s no reason for “Act of Faythe”, one of the cheesiest songs ever made by Dream Theater, to exist when a track like “The Answer” exists as well. There’s supposedly a common theme being iterated upon here but it’s not interesting enough to carry the tracks forward. Nor are the ways in which the band iterate upon it interesting in anyway: they include shifting the mood just a bit to give it a lighter or darker spin and nothing else. All of these flaws extend to the second “CD” as well, and then some. “A Life Left Behind” for example is a track which could have come right out of Awake but it’s successor, “Ravenskill” is completely pointless, taking too much time with its intro and failing to deliver when the main theme is introduced. Since the flow between the tracks, a famous trope of progressive records, has been completely abandoned here in favor of the “track by track” structure of rock operas, the second CD is hard to pin down and connect to the first. By the time you’ve reached it, so many filler tracks have gone by without a clear approach to thematization that the thread is almost impossible to grasp. The narrative has been completely lost and every track, even the good ones, start to sound the same. That’s no accident: even the good tricks utilized on this album are the same old tricks that we know from this album itself and from past entries in the Dream Theater discography. While the overall style of the album is new, in that it taps into tropes that were only lightly present in their careers so far, the track progression is the same tried and true method. OK, we’ve saved the best (worst) for last. Sharp-eyed readers might have noticed that we haven’t mentioned two current members of the band. The first, John Myung, might not surprise anybody; his absence, both in sound and words, from the band is a thing of legend by now. On The Astonishing , or at least on the copy that we of the press received, he is almost 100% missing. Whether in the mixing or in the recording, the bass was completely swallowed by the other instruments and is completely absent from the final product. However, now we come, here at the end, to the most egregious and unexplainable flaw in this record: Mike Mangini. Throughout the album, Magini displays an almost impressive amount of disinterest in what’s going on around him. The drums line are not only performed in a lackluster way, they also sound as if zero effort was put into their writing. We know Mangini is a talented drummer but that talent is nowhere to be found here: obvious fill after obvious fill churn out under paper thin cymbals and pointless kick drums, ultimately amounting to nothing much. There’s literally no moments on the albums that are worth mentioning for their drums and this infuriatingly frustrating, given what we know of his obvious ability. At the end of the day, when you put all of the above together, you get a disappointing album. If this had just been a bad album, we could have chalked it down to age, momentum and being out of touch. That’s impossible though, since when the album is good, it’s really quite good. If only it had been cut to about ten tracks and purged of the incessant repetitions, it might have been the best Dream Theater album in years. Instead, it’s a puerile attempt at a grand gesture that ultimately falls on its face, caught too close to the sun with wax spilling over, giving all its features the same, bland, indecipherable structure. ? Dream Theater – The Astonishing gets… 3/5 Posted in Reviews Tags: alex skolnick, best, Best Buy Theater, Billboard 200, black-sabbath, compact-disc, david-ellefson, DeskMate, double-album, dream-theater, europe, first, industry, mood, press, same, voice, writing No Comments » Anthrax / Slayer Fill-in Drummer Cites Charlie Benante + Dave Lombardo as Big Influences February 23rd, 2013 Metalkult Facebook: Jon Dette Drummer Jon Dette’s name has been surfacing a lot more in the news lately as he’s landed a pair of high profile fill-in gigs for Anthrax and Slayer , two acts he’s played with previously. Dette recently spoke with ‘The Blairing Out With Eric Blair Show’ at the NAMM Convention (video below) just weeks before his offers to join Anthrax and Slayer for dates became wide public knowledge. Dette, who is mostly known for his work with Testament , will sit behind the kit for both Anthrax and Slayer on each band’s respective tours of Australia and he says there’s nothing but respect for the two men whose chair he’ll be filling in the coming months. He explained, “ Charlie [Benante] is one of my biggest influences ever, next to [Dave] Lombardo .” The drummer first sat in with Anthrax last year , taking over for Shadows Fall ‘s Jason Bittner when Benante was unable to tour. The Anthrax skinbeater personally called Dette to fill in, and the drummer recalls, “It was kind of a surreal moment for me to get a call like that, saying, ‘Hey can you help me out?’ Which of course I said, ‘Absolutely.’ I just went and did a Europe tour with Anthrax and Motorhead and now I’m getting ready to actually head off to India and Australia with them in February and March.” As for Slayer, Dette’s stint with the band came between Paul Bostaph and the return of Dave Lombardo behind the kit. He recalls, “Slayer is one of those bands I’ve been playing forever, and so it was so natural, and I think we really felt that when we were in a room together.” Speaking about his past experience, he added, “[There were] so many business things that I got to learn — just the music business in general, good and bad. But, again, just to have the opportunity to play for one of my all-time favorite bands and see the back of their heads every night … I’d like to think I did it justice at the time I was with the band and it was just an amazing experience.” Watch Jon Dette Discuss His History With Anthrax + Slayer [button href=”http://loudwire.com/decibel-magazine-tour-2013-must-see-metal-concerts/” title=”Next: Check Out 2013’s Must-See Metal Concerts” align=”center”] Posted in News Tags: australia, charlie-benante, dette, europe, india, Music, news, shadows-fall, slayer, with-the-band No Comments » Shadows Fall Drop Off 2013 European + UK Tours February 22nd, 2013 Metalkult Razor & Tie Shadows Fall had been set for a big spring overseas. The band had booked dates with Testament in Europe and Ill Nino in the UK, but now they’ve bowed out of both of those tours. Shadows Fall revealed that they were exiting the upcoming treks due to “a number of circumstances beyond our control.” It is unknown what those circumstances are. However, the band as a whole appears to be okay having just completed an early year tour with Hatebreed , Dying Fetus and The Contortionist . It is known that guitarist Jon Donais would be taking leave from the band over the next couple of months (with Shadows Fall’s encouragement) to play with Anthrax in Australia and on that group’s ‘Metal Alliance’ U.S. tour this spring. But it is not known if his absence played into the band bowing out of their overseas dates. The group offered their statement on the matter in a Facebook posting that reads as follows: Due to a number of circumstances beyond our control, Shadows Fall has been forced to cancel our upcoming European tour with Testament and our co-headlining UK run with Ill Niño. We tried everything we could to make this tour happen and exhausted all options we could think of but unfortunately we were not able to work it out. We sincerely apologize to all the fans, promoters and bands involved. Everyone in Shadows Fall thank you for understanding and we plan on making it up to our European fans as soon as possible. Shadows Fall have been promoting their ‘ Fire From the Sky ‘ album, which dropped last May. The disc has already spawned the title track and the follow-up single ‘ The Unknown .’ [button href=”http://loudwire.com/shadows-fall-thoughts-without-words-top-21st-century-metal-songs/” title=”Next: Shadows Fall – Top 21st Century Metal Songs” align=”center”] Posted in News Tags: band, bands-involved-, century-metal, concerts, contortionist, europe, into-the-band, metal, plan-on-making, shadows-fall, statement, testament, upcoming No Comments » Steve Von Till of Neurosis Discusses Latest Album ‘Honor Found in Decay’ + More February 20th, 2013 Metalkult Neurot Recordings Neurosis singer and guitarist Steve Von Till was the guest on Full Metal Jackie’s radio show this past weekend. He spoke about the band’s new album ‘Honor Found in Decay,’ as well as creating music independently and on their own time. Read Full Metal Jackie’s interview with Steve Von Till below: It was five years between albums before ‘Honor Found in Decay’ was released late last year. Creatively, how has that time between albums broken down? Is it a lot of time spent consciously thinking about new music or is it more about living a life of adventure that will ultimately manifest itself musically? It’s more about just surrendering to the flow – it’s complete chaos, we have no set method and it’s definitely not time spent in the brain trying to conceive. This music comes from the heart and soul and it’s really just finding the time together over the years that are the hard part because we live quite spread out but most of it’s just waiting for it to demand attention. It must be kind of cool not having people say, “Oh you have to put out this many records in this certain timeline,” so you sort of have creative freedom to let it come when it’s ready. Absolutely, I mean we all work day jobs and have families and we run our own record label, so there’s no external pressure and that’s the way we like it. This music is so important to us as a form of expression that we really feel the need to keep it pure and the only way to really keep it pure is to keep all external influence out. ‘Honor Found in Decay’ is now being released on vinyl. What’s more obvious about Neurosis in that format compared to digital? I think that’s the era we come from, the album time – where you sit and you put on an album and you absorb the whole thing while holding the artwork in your hand and reading the lyrics and just surrendering to it. I still love that format best myself, I think it sounds best and more natural, there’s more soul in it. Would you consider yourself a purist when it comes to the styles of music that you listen to and recording and everything? No, because you always go for what’s convenient too. I’ve got an iPod, probably like everyone else, but I still prefer to sit and play an album if I can. What kind of stuff are you listening to these days? All across the board, lately a lot of Joy Division and Amebix. Visual presentation has always been such an integral part of Neurosis. You very recently announced discontinuing that element of the band; what made such a drastic change necessary at this point in the band’s career? We always feel the need to push our boundaries and evolve and to go to new places we haven’t been and we’ve had visuals as part of our live performances since 1992. It just felt like it was time for a major change in that way. We started to feel that maybe it was a bit of a burden or that time has caught up to the multimedia aspect of what we’re doing and it no longer feels vital at this point – at least not the way we were doing it. It was time to just destroy it and put it away for a while and see what else comes new. Right now we’re enjoying just being completely liberated and playing under bright light and going for it. Who exercises greater influence over what you do musically: other bands and musicians or the non-musical people central to your life? I’d say the entire world probably influences us but it definitely has nothing to do with what other musicians are doing. I think music is the least influence on our music in some way because when you’re trying to find something original even though we’re all music fans and we love music and listen to a lot of music – when it comes time to create Neurosis music we have to let all of that slide and dissipate and not have other people influencing it. Everything we see, everything we hear, everything we feel must influence some aspect of what we’re doing – it’s probably our emotional world and the world around us that influences us the most. How do you feel about Neurosis being an influence to so many bands today? That’s pretty much the biggest honor that we could have. We think about what our musical heroes meant to us and how we play this really unique, strange, self-centered, self-absorbed music and the fact that anybody else likes it is kind of amazing. The fact that it might go out in the world and be a positive influence and inspire other people to pick up guitars or find their own true musical path or artistic expression, that’s just a great feeling. What can we expect from the band this year? We’ll definitely be playing a few more shows around the United States and we’re hitting Europe in the summer and we’ll just see where it takes us. Full Metal Jackie will welcome Kvelertak frontman Erlend Hjelvik to her program this coming weekend. She can be heard on radio stations around the country — for a full list of stations, go to fullmetaljackieradio.com . Posted in News Tags: band, bands, europe, honor-found, live, multimedia, neurosis, people, world No Comments » Slash Debuts Live Video for ‘Anastasia’ IHeartRadio.com Slash is digging a little deeper into his ‘ Apocalyptic Love ‘ album with a new video for the track, ‘Anastasia.’ The clip is a live performance of the song, presented by I Heart Radio, that shows off the guitarist and his band’s live prowess. Slash, in particular, is featured within this clip as his dexterity on the guitar is on full display. The musician rocks some serious scales while Myles Kennedy delivers the powerhouse vocals on the track. ‘Anastasia’ follows ‘You’re a Lie,’ ‘Standing in the Sun’ and ‘Bad Rain’ as the fourth single from the ‘Apocalyptic Love’ disc. Slash is currently on tour in Europe with dates booked through March 4 in Dublin. The guitarist and his band will also perform at Ozzfest in Tokyo, Japan May 11. Slash’s promotion may take a bit of a back seat as the year rolls on as singer Myles Kennedy has been working toward Alter Bridge ‘s next album . Watch Slash’s ‘Anastasia’ Video [button href=”http://loudwire.com/slash-guitarist-of-the-year-2012-loudwire-music-awards/” title=”Next: Slash Voted 2012 Loudwire Guitarist of the Year” align=”center”] Posted in News Tags: a-little-deeper, band, europe, featured-within, japan, myles-kennedy, official music videos, slash, tokyo, video, vocals-on-the, watch-slash No Comments » High On Fire Frontman Matt Pike Talks Metal Alliance Tour, Sobriety + More Liz Ramanand, Loudwire Frontman Matt Pike of High On Fire was the guest on Full Metal Jackie’s radio show this past weekend. Pike spoke about the band’s upcoming massive trek with Anthrax , Exodus, Municipal Waste and Holy Grail, as well as his sobriety with being out on tour. He also explains why pajamas are very important to him while on the road. Read Full Metal Jackie’s interview with Matt Pike below: High On Fire just recorded two shows in New York for a live album. The last studio album ‘De Vermis Mysteriis’ was recorded in Massachusettes. What do a bunch of guys from Oakland like so much about working on the East Coast? Well I don’t know – I overdose myself with clam chowder [Laughs] I don’t know I really like the town itself, Salem is really cool. They have graveyards, I always go into the graveyard and write the lyrics, they just had all these cool graves. I’ve been to these weird archaic, antique-y kind of s—t and they got that whole witch burning vibe there. Overall just working with Kurt [Ballou of Converge] is really cool. In the past you’ve tended to tour more with sludge and doom bands and now you’ll be on the Metal Alliance tour with Anthrax, Exodus, Municipal Waste and Holy Grail. What elements of thrash and speed metal excite you most as a fan? I kind of grew up on all of it, I grew up on hardcore punk and we’re talking old school like Black Flag and Circle Jerks, Corrosion of Conformity. Punk and metal were crossing over and that’s kind of where we got thrash from – I just grew up on that whole scene, going to punk and thrash metal shows. Anthrax was actually one of the first metal shows I went to and I’ve always liked Exodus and Gary Holt’s a hero of mine – he’s such an awesome guitar player. I’m really excited to be going on this and hopefully picking up some shredding techniques off the other players and it’ll be good to be out with Municipal Waste, too. I don’t know much about the Grails yet but I’m curious – everybody talks good about them so I’m looking forward to it. Matt, High on Fire pulled out of last summer’s Mayhem tour so you could focus on getting healthy and you’ve been pretty candid since then about sobriety. What was your biggest misconception about sober touring musicians and what changed that perspective? Well what changed it was my liver submission – I got 40 good years of partying my ass off and I had a lot of fun doing it. You get used to doing certain things if you’ve been on the road for twenty something years and you get used to your comfortable buzz every night and then all of sudden you take that out of your repertoire, you become a little more anxiety ridden and anti-social. It’s hard to get back to that page without having the substance that helps you calm your brain and your nerves. It’s a different way of living – I believe everybody should enjoy life and everybody should be able to drink for a period of time and do drugs for a period of time and f—ing do whatever they want for a period of time. It’s all about learning how to live life and I believe everbody should exercise too and everything in moderation. I wasn’t a person that could really take a lot of things in moderation – I always had to outdo everybody, it’s just kind of my personality. [Laughs] I’m doing good now, I’m feeling healthy and I’m learning how to deal with it. I still love partying, I just watch everybody else get drunk and smoke a little bit of weed and I’ll be cool. Recently you talked at length about pajamas with ‘The Village Voice.’ Oh yeah, that’s my thing man. I run to the bus, take a shower, get in my pajamas with slippers and play Angry Birds. Occasionally I’ll go out and say “Hi” to people, sign a couple of things and go back into the bus and just chill. You just answered my question. My question was going to be, what’s the most non-metal thing you do? It’s so atypical of metal that by defying metal stereotypes in doing it, it actually becomes metal. [Laughs] Yeah, well I guess I answered your question then – being in pajamas and slippers and everyone looks at you all weird, it’s kind of funny. What else is going on with High On Fire this year? Well we’re going to Europe at the end of this month – I’ll be over in Europe in February and then after that it’s the Metal Alliance tour and I can’t wait to see all the fans and play some songs for you. Full Metal Jackie will welcome vocalists Chuck Billy of Testament and Bobby Blitz of Overkill to her program this coming weekend. She can be heard on radio stations around the country — for a full list of stations, go to fullmetaljackieradio.com . Posted in News Tags: a-little-bit, a-little-more, band, country, europe, high on fire, metal-alliance, metal-jackie, municipal, news, personality, question, road No Comments » Five Finger Death Punch Drummer Jeremy Spencer Penning Autobiography Gareth Cattermole, Getty Images Five Finger Death Punch drummer Jeremy Spencer has embraced the rock and roll lifestyle and all that comes with it over the years, and now that he’s sober he’s ready to tell his tales in the new autobiography, ‘Deathpunched: Cheers to My Sobriety.’ The book, which is expected next year, features Spencer on the cover with adult film legend Ron Jeremy. The drummer told Los Angeles’ ‘ Heidi & Frank Show ,’ “The story behind that is … obviously being in a rock band, you dabble in the party lifestyle from time to time. So after years of that catching up to me, I got sober. But we always used to have this saying about doing cocaine, like you would get so cranked on sexually in your brain when you do it — like everything is exciting — but then you get numbed out beneath the belt line area. So we always said, ‘Man, you feel like Ron Jeremy from the neck up and Christopher Reeve from the neck down.’ So the cover of the book is me in, like, a Superman kind of costume in a wheelchair cheersing a martini glass with Ron Jeremy and two hot chicks. So that’s the cover of my book.” Spencer, who just past a year of sobriety on Jan. 8, says he initially planned to self-release the book but now has a deal in place with a publisher and expects it out next year. As for the Five Finger Death Punch’s current status, he reveals that the band are “cocooned up” at the moment working on new music, but do have plans for some spring shows in Europe followed by a summer North American trek. Watch Five Finger Death Punch’s Jeremy Spencer Discuss His Upcoming Book on KLOS 95.5 FM [button href=”http://loudwire.com/five-finger-death-punch-the-pride-video/” title=”Next: Watch Five Finger Death Punch’s ‘The Pride’ Video” align=”center”] ? Posted in News Tags: a-rock-band, book, europe, finger, finger-death, five finger death punch, jeremy-spencer, neck, news, party, rock, spencer No Comments »	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line77
__label__wiki	0.929139	0.929139	..::Iranian Truss Structures Simulation Association::..::انجمن شبیه سازی سازه های خرپایی ایران ::.. پیشنهادات و انتقادات نقطه نظرات عمومی ANAHEIM, Calif. [url=https://www.shoesblackfriday.com/]Wholesale Black Friday Shoes[/ ANAHEIM, Calif. [url=https://www.shoesblackfriday.com/]Wholesale Black Friday Shoes[/ ANAHEIM, Calif. Wholesale Black Friday Shoes . -- Mike Trout keeps padding his stats with 1 1/2 weeks to go until the All-Star break. He homered leading off the ninth inning after the Los Angeles Angels twice rallied to tie the game, giving them a 7-6 victory over the Houston Astros on Friday night. Trout sent an 0-2 pitch from Tony Sipp over the wall in left centre field and charged into a celebratory mob at home plate. Teammate Erick Aybar doused Trout with a blue sports drink, staining his white uniform, and fans chanted "MVP! MVP!" "The adrenaline rush you get when it goes out, its something special. Its always good to come up big," Trout said. "What a comeback. We were up three, they came back and scored five, and we just kept fighting." It was Trouts second career walkoff hit, both of them homers. The American League player of the month for June hit his team-leading 20th homer, and has eight homers in his last 18 games. Trout became the eighth Angels player with 20 or more homers and at least 60 RBIs before the All-Star break, and the first since Vladimir Guerrero in 2004. "Its one of those things where you see the pitch and see the swing, and you say to yourself, Theres not many players in our game that can do what he did with that pitch," Astros manager Bo Porter said. Trout figures to start in centre field in the All-Star game on July 15 in Minneapolis. Joe Smith (3-0) got the victory for the Angels, who have won eight in a row at home for the first time since Sept. 16-24, 2005, and have the majors best record at home. Los Angeles has won 11 of 14 overall. Sipp (1-1) took the loss for the Astros, who dropped their fifth in a row. "I went at him with my best stuff," Sipp said about Trout. "But even when you make a good pitch sometimes, a guy of that calibre will put a good swing on it." Houstons Jose Altuve, who came in leading the AL in hits, stolen bases and batting average, went 0 for 5 with a strikeout. The Angels blew a 3-1 lead in the third and then trailed 6-5 on Albert Pujols 510th career homer -- a two-run shot -- in the fourth. They tied it 6-all in the seventh on Howie Kendricks RBI double off the right field wall that scored Pujols, who singled leading off. Pujols was 3 for 4, and Kendrick went 4 for 4. "You never know whos going to step up," Trout said. "Howie came up with a big double, I put a good swing on it in the ninth and it went out. Im going to swing if its close." The Astros led 1-0 in the second on Chris Carters homer. They took a 6-3 lead in the fourth on George Springers two-run homer and a three-run shot by Jon Singleton. Angels starter C.J. Wilson continued to struggle. The left-hander has failed to pitch more than five innings in four of his last seven starts. He gave up six runs and seven hits in 4 1-3 innings, struck out six and walked one. Wilson was watching game video in another room afterward. Houston starter Dallas Keuchel allowed five runs and 13 hits in five innings, struck out one and walked one. The left-hander was scratched last Saturday against Detroit because of left wrist inflammation. He was making his first appearance since June 22, when he allowed five runs -- four earned -- in a 5-2 loss to Tampa Bay. "That was very disappointing on my part," Keuchel said. "The offence did more than enough to come out with a win, and I just didnt do my part. I havent been too good as of late, so I guess I have to go back to the drawing board and figure some stuff out." NOTES: Trout became the 13th major league player aged 22 or younger with 20 or more homers before the All-Star break. ... Houston activated RHP Josh Fields from the 15-day DL after he went on it because of soreness in his right forearm. ... The Astros traded RHP Andrew Robinson to Atlanta for a player to be named or cash considerations. ... The Angels improved to 28-29 on the Fourth of July, including 14-14 at home. ... Los Angeles won on a walkoff single by Aybar on July 4, 2013. ... The announced crowd of 43,557 was the Angels fourth sellout of the season. Black Friday Shoes China . With Bernard hurt, the second-round pick has emerged.Hill ran for 152 yards during a 27-10 win at New Orleans on Sunday, his second big game. He also ran for 154 yards against Jacksonville earlier this season. Black Friday Shoes Free Shipping .Sinclair, from Burnaby, B.C., led the Canadian team with three goals at the four-nation competition. She also earned tournament most valuable player honours.The Canadian captain scored on a penalty kick in the 63rd minute and added the winning goal a minute later. https://www.shoesblackfriday.com/ . Each day, TSN.ca provides the latest rumours, reports and speculation from around the NHL beat. The latest from Bob As tweeted by TSN Hockey Insider Bob McKenzie on Monday, the Columbus Blue Jackets need to resolve their offseason plans with forward R.BEREA, Ohio -- A day of celebration dissolved into confusion for the Browns. Hours after quarterback Johnny Manziels arrival had Clevelands football pulse racing faster than it had in years, a report that star wide receiver Josh Gordon may be facing an indefinite suspension shattered the citys collective joy. As the second round of the NFL draft was set to open Friday, ESPN reported that Gordon, who led the NFL in yards receiving last season, had failed another drug test for marijuana and could be banned for a year. The ESPN report, based on anonymous sources, described letters the Pro Bowler received about the failed test. The Browns deferred any comment on Gordons situation to the league office. Gordons agent, Drew Rosenhaus, declined comment. Gordon was suspended without pay for the first two games last season for violating the leagues substance abuse policy for the second time, but still led the league with 1,646 yards receiving in 14 games. He had 87 catches and nine touchdowns. Gordon, who was taken in the 2012 supplemental draft, entered the league with a history of substance issues. He was excused from Baylors team for twice failing drug tests and he also failed a test after transferring to Utah. The Browns have been pleased with the easygoing Gordons maturity and his off-the-field progress. The team had the 23-year-old involved in many of their off-season activities this winter, including him in meetings with free agents and keeping him apprised of their plans. At last weeks voluntary mini-camp, first-year Browns coach Mike Pettine praised Gordon for his game-breaking abilities and his willingness to accept his role with the team. Gordon spoke to a small group of reporters away from the TV cameras and ssaid he was pleased to be so entwined in the teams off-season regimen. Fake Black Friday Shoes. "It was actually big. I was surprised by it," Gordon said. "It was good to have that camaraderie, we never really had that before. Nobody really tried to instil that in this group, but hopefully that brings us all together." Gordon was expected to be the top playmaker for either Manziel or incumbent starter Brian Hoyer. Its not known if the Browns were aware of Gordons possible ban before Thursdays opening round, when they traded out of the No. 4, sending that pick to Buffalo for the No. 9 pick and a first- and fourth-rounder in 2015. Buffalo used the fourth selection on Clemson wide receiver Sammy Watkins. If Gordon is suspended, the Browns are in big trouble at wide receiver. Greg Little and Nate Burleson would be the most experienced players at the position with newly signed Andrew Hawkins at the slot position. The Browns were expected to address their depth at receiver before the report on Gordon surfaced. But Cleveland went in a different direction in the second round, taking Nevada tackle Joel Bitonio with the No. 35 overall pick. At 6-foot-4, 302 pounds, Bitonio can also play guard and has been described as "nasty." "I like to play hard," he said. "Football is played to the whistle and you have to play as hard as you can every snap. If you can play that hard every play, then theres a good chance that if youre equally talented and use your technique well, youll be able to beat the guy youre going against. I want to play as hard as I possibly can. I know the AFC North is a tough, hard-nosed division, and I hope I can a little bit of that to the team." 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__label__wiki	0.667658	0.667658	YMCA pools reopened after $6.6m restoration Published:Tuesday \| May 20, 2014 \| 12:00 AM Trevor Spence, Kingston YMCA programmes committee chairman, greets Member of Parliament, Julian Robinson at the recent reopening and dedication ceremony of the pools and the changing rooms at the Kingston YMCA. Also in the photo are JN Foundation Board Director, Parris Lyew-Ayee (second left) and Saffrey Brown, general manager, JN Foundation. The JN Foundation was the main sponsor of the renovation work undertaken on the pools and changing rooms, which saw the swimming facilities being closed for three months. - Contributed After being closed for approximately three months, to facilitate the restoration and upgrading of its pools and changing rooms, the Kingston YMCA's swimming programme is now back in full operation following the official reopening and dedication ceremony on May 14. The YMCA, which has been in operation since the 1920s, is nationally known for its excellent swimming programme, and resumed classes at the reopening. Students from approximately 29 schools have returned to continue their lessons. Now, with a refurbished swimming area, Arnold Aiken, chairman of the Kingston YMCA, expressed gratitude for the funding support from external organisations, which facilitated the restoration. "We knew the pools had reached a point where they needed to be renovated and, therefore, we decided to send out a call for financial support to accomplish the project. I am happy to say that many civic-minded companies and organisation responded to our call and their contributions have made the project possible," he acknowledged. The work cost approximately $6.6 million and the Jamaica National Building Society (JNBS) Foundation contributed funds to cover approximately 70 per cent of the cost. While commending the JNBS Foundation, Aiken also expressed the YMCA's gratitude to other sponsors, which included Burger King, the Sports Development Foundation and LIME. Julian Robinson, member of parliament for South East St Andrew, noted his desire for the 'Y' to remain the premier institution for swimming and other vocational services, adding that the facilities will assist with the development of local swimmers. "We have the talent here for swimming to become as highly recognised as track and field, but a part of the challenge is that pools are not readily accessible to the majority of Jamaicans. If children are not exposed, at a very young age, to proper swimming techniques and receive consistent training then they won't develop into top class swimmers," the MP stated. Guest Speaker Parris Lyew-Ayee, JNBS' Foundation board director, implored schools to include swimming as part of their curriculum, noting that swimming goes beyond simply being a physical activity. "Separate and apart from being a recreational activity, swimming is perhaps one of the only sports that teaches survival skills, which children can develop even before they can actually walk or talk. The skills gained in being confident, in water, will never leave you and at some point they will become useful as one progresses through life," he affirmed.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line79
__label__wiki	0.766313	0.766313	Jewish World Review May 21, 2010 / 8 Sivan 5770 Another Judicial Power Grab By Thomas Sowell http://www.JewishWorldReview.com \| You might think that being a Supreme Court justice would be the top of the line job for someone in the legal profession. But, many Supreme Court decisions suggest that too many justices are not satisfied with their role, and seek more sweeping powers as supreme policy-makers, grand second-guessers or philosopher-kings. The latest example of this is the recent Supreme Court decision in the case of Graham versus Florida. The issue was whether the Constitution permitted a state to impose a sentence of life without the possibility of parole when the criminal was a youthful offender. The Supreme Court voted 6 to 3 that this was a violation of the Constitution. If your copy of the Constitution doesn't say anything about youthful offenders, do not worry that you have a defective copy. There is no such statement in the Constitution. What the justices cited as the alleged basis for their decision was the Eighth Amendment's prohibition against "cruel and unusual punishments." Since 37 out of the 50 states permit sentences of life without the possibility of parole, such a sentence is not unusual. How about cruel? If it is cruel, then why is it OK to impose that sentence on people who are not youthful? The case of Graham versus Florida involved a 16-year-old repeat offender, who was convicted of a home invasion robbery while on probation from a previous felony. He was sentenced to life imprisonment without the possibility of parole. The Supreme Court then over-ruled that decision. The role of an appellate court is not to simply second-guess the decision of the trial judge and jury, much less usurp the responsibility of legislatures to make social policy. But the pretense of applying the Constitution gives appellate judges the power to do both. The bolder justices go further, citing practices in other countries as supporting their decisions that are supposedly based on the Constitution of the United States. If justices can pick and choose which legal principles and practices they will follow, from the many widely varying principles and practices in countries around the world, then they can find a basis for doing just about anything they feel like doing. FREE SUBSCRIPTION TO INFLUENTIAL NEWSLETTER Every weekday NewsAndOpinion.com publishes what many in the media and Washington consider "must-reading". HUNDREDS of columnists and cartoonists regularly appear. Sign up for the daily update. It's free. Just click here. This too goes counter to the very basis of American government, as a system in which "We the people" ultimately govern ourselves through representatives of our own choosing and the officials appointed by them. Once appellate judges are free to base their rulings on what people do in India, Egypt or Germany, Americans are no longer a self-governing people. As if to add a touch of farce to lighten the tragedy of the dismantling of the Constitution, Supreme Court justices on opposing sides of the case of Graham versus Florida cited statistics seeking to show that there was national consensus for or against life sentences without the possibility of parole. Appellate courts, including the Supreme Court, are not institutions equipped to make policy judgments like that. Legislatures exist to make policy judgments— and to be voted out of office if these policy judgments turn out to produce results that the electorate do not want. But there are no such corrective mechanisms in place if Supreme Court justices misjudge. Finally, there is the old, moth-eaten argument cited by Justice John Paul Stevens, that the society is evolving and therefore the interpretation of the Constitution must evolve with it. Nobody— from the moment that the Constitution was adopted in the 18th century to the present— has ever denied that societies evolve, and that their laws must evolve to meet changing circumstances. But, unless Justice Stevens is either stupid or dishonest, he cannot leap from a need for laws to change to the conclusion that it is judges who must be the ones to make those changes. Just saying the magic word "change" does not justify judges grabbing the power to make whatever changes they please in the law. There are, after all, two other branches of the federal government, specifically charged with legislative and executive responsibilities and powers, not to mention the Constitutional Amendment process. Comment on JWR contributor Thomas Sowell's column by clicking here. Thomas Sowell Archives © 2006, Creators Syndicate	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line81
__label__cc	0.714493	0.285507	About Johnsons Johnsons NYE Tickets Saturday 5:00pm-3:00am Sunday 5:00pm-2:00am Tuesday 5:00pm-2:00am Wednesday 5:00pm-2:00am Thursday 5:00pm-2:00am Friday 5:00pm-3:00am For decades, the first (and only) place where many men could meet other gay people was at a bar, mostly in the shadows - a speakeasy. From the beginning, the speakeasy was relatively small, with little or no entertainment involved. Still, through gradual growth, it popularized and expanded to many different areas with new additions of entertainment and eventually made the speakeasy one of the biggest businesses during Prohibition. Johnsons, in a tucked-away location off the popular Wilton Drive, recreates the era of speakeasies. Men can enjoy conversation at the bar and choose to walk through the velvet curtains and enjoy the nightly entertainment. Our general manager, Matt Colunga, is ready to turn up the heat at Johnsons Fort Lauderdale by bringing years of experience with him. We promise an upscale, state-of-the-art nightclub experience with some of the best male performers from all over the world, and our bartenders mix up some of the stiffest cocktails around town. We host nightly specials and special guests to entertain you. Doors open at 5pm, cover is $5 after 8pm (except Fri & Sat). Join us on Facebook so you can find out about the latest news and specials at Johnsons Fort Lauderdale. Copyright © 2019-2021 Johnsons	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line82
__label__wiki	0.918782	0.918782	More Russians Are Mentally Ill Jul. 30 2001 00:00 Cases of mental illness among Russians have risen considerably in the decade since the collapse of communism, mostly due to drug or alcohol abuse, Interfax reported Sunday. Interfax said 300 out of every 100,000 Russians are now suffering mental health problems, compared to about 200 per 100,000 of the population 10 years ago. Psychiatrist Tatyana Dmitriyeva, director of the Scientific Research Institute for psychiatry, said the biggest rise in cases had been among children and adolescents, Interfax reported. Dmitriyeva said the increase in mental health problems was directly linked to a rise in drug abuse, alcoholism and solvent sniffing. She said drug abuse in Russia had grown twelvefold between 1991 and 2000 and alcoholism fourfold. Again, the trend was strongest among youngsters. While drug abuse had risen eightfold among adults between 1991 and 2000, it surged by a staggering 18 times among adolescents. The number of suicides was also on the increase in the country, Dmitriyeva added.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line85
__label__wiki	0.720598	0.720598	Harmony in Blue and Gold Discover the art of the Peacock Room The Story Of The Beautiful Follow the 200-year journey View the Timeline A Story in Two Parts Enter and explore the Peacock Room View the Room From London to Detroit to Washington, DC Follow the 200 year journey Slide caption The Peacock Room has served as a backdrop for displays of Asian ceramics since the mid-nineteenth century. The history of the room is best understood as a story in two parts. James McNeill Whistler, the artist who redecorated the room as a total work of art, stands at the center of the story. On either side are his two most important patrons: Frederick Leyland (1831-1892), the ship owner from Liverpool who sought to transform his London mansion into a palace of art, and Charles Lang Freer (1854-1919), the American industrialist whose collections form the basis of the Freer Gallery of Art. The story of the beautiful is already complete — Hewn in the marbles of the Parthenon — And broidered, with the birds, upon the fan of Hokusai. — James McNeill Whistler, Ten O'Clock Lecture, 1885 Freer, Whistler, & Their Points of Contact tells the story through three panoramas, representing three stagings of the Peacock Room at the Freer Gallery of Art, part of the Smithsonian’s National Museum of Asian Art. The Peacock Room Comes to America The Peacock Room In Blue and White The Peacock Room, 1993-2011	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line88
__label__wiki	0.767569	0.767569	Fyfe fails in AFL tribunal appeal By AAP – Thursday 21 August, 2014 Fremantle’s Nat Fyfe’s appeal for his two-week ban for striking has been dismissed. Fremantle have failed in their second attempt to reduce Nat Fyfe’s two-week suspension for striking. Fyfe struck Hawthorn midfielder Jordan Lewis in the opening minutes of the Dockers’ AFL win on Sunday night. An AFL tribunal made short work of Fyfe’s appearance on Tuesday night, and the AFL Appeals Board took just seven minutes on Thursday night to throw out the appeal. Counsel for Fyfe, Stuart Morris, brought the appeal on the basis that an error in law had been made, arguing tribunal chair Ross Howie directed the jury to find Fyfe guilty. Fyfe attempted to clarify his guilty plea as one of “recklessly striking” rather than the more serious “intentionally striking”, however the panel, led by Peter O’Callaghan QC found there was no grounds for an appeal. Fyfe will now be sidelined for their remaining regular-season games against Brisbane and Port Adelaide but will be available for their finals campaign.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line99
__label__cc	0.738328	0.261672	Michelle Smith Collaboratory for Visual Culture The DIG @ Artinterp Virtual Models Nexus - A Blog Collaboratory for Visual Culture 4213 Art/Sociology Bldg. College Park, Maryland 20742 The Michelle Smith Collaboratory for Visual Culture is a learning space in the Department of Art History and Archaeology made possible by the generosity of the Robert H. Smith family. Combining sophisticated technology, adaptable work spaces, and a dynamic visualization facility, the Collaboratory provides a focal point in the department for applying new technology to study art and architecture in ways not previously possible, and for experimenting with new means of sharing ideas and research with students and colleagues. The center of the Collaboratory, both conceptually and physically, is a large room containing a floor-to-ceiling curved projection surface and a comprehensive technology installation to support ambitious projects, such as effective virtual reality and multi-modal displays. The space functions as a classroom, providing visualization possibilities not available elsewhere on campus, and as a lab, in which scholars from myriad disciplines explore new possibilities for visualization and communication. As the name suggests, the facility is designed to encourage collaboration among students and scholars from all disciplines as they use new visualization techniques and information resources to develop understanding and expand knowledge. Department of Art History and Archaeology Web Accessibility \| Privacy Policy	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line101
__label__cc	0.601834	0.398166	Bring 'em Out Live Their style continues to stray further from their debut with each cd, yet their live set, ten years later, still includes half of the tracks from that album. They play all of their heaviest songs, all of their ballads and 3 from their latest cd, one of which was a ballad. For the record, when you open with debut material, and your encore is debut material, chances are people want to hear you play music in the style of your debut album. As for this cd, the band is tight and the production is clean, so if you liked Firehouse’s live show in 1992, then you’ll like this cd. They know what people want to hear when they’re on stage, apparently just not when they're in the studio.--Scott Overnight Sensation All She Wrote Hold Your Fire When I Look Into Your Eyes Bringing Me Down Don't Walk Away Love of a Lifetime I Live My Life for you Don't Treat Me Bad VOCALS: C.J. Snare GUITAR: Bill Leverty BASS: Perry Richardson DRUMS: Michael Foster LABEL: Spitfire Records PRODUCED BY: Bill Leverty “I see you everyday, you haven't got the the slightest notion, of the way that I feel about you.”	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line104
__label__wiki	0.785403	0.785403	The Royal Residences of Piemonte As a consequence of the issuing of the Decree of the President of the Council of Ministers on Nov.3rd, 2020 the events listed on this site are suspended, unless otherwise indicated. Museums, exhibitions, institutions and places of culture are closed as well. Savoy Royal Residences, located in Torino and its surroundings, are a journey along monumental architecture styles between XVII and XVIII century, and an expression of monarchy ideology.. Added to UNESCO world heritage list since 1997 From fortress to Royal Residence One of the oldest of the Savoy residences, the Castle of Moncalieri, located just a short way from Torino, rises in all its restrained monumentality to guard the River Po. Built in the medieval period for defence purposes, it was transformed by the Savoy into a “place of delight” by extensive enlarging and embellishing. Much loved by the women in the House of Savoy, such as Queen Marie Adelaïde and the princesses Clotilde and Laetitia, the castle was a place for holidays, where the education of the young princes was imparted and also the setting for ludic events: fragments of history and reminders of the family still linger in the royal apartments, connected to the huge park that extends over the hill. www.polomusealepiemonte.beniculturali.it Bus: 67-45-40-70-39 Train line Torino-Genova or Torino-Chieri or Torino-Fossano Highway Torino Sud exit Moncalieri Life in the Court of Savoy was a mix of amusements and ceremonies in the luxurious residences ringing the city, built to create a refined “Crown of Delights” around the capital, as a demonstration of the magnificence of the House of Savoy. Just a short way from the centre of Torino, surrounded by vines and elegant gardens, Villa della Regina and Castello del Valentino were the favourite residences of duchesses, princesses and queens, while the Palazzina di Caccia di Stupinigi and the Reggia di Venaria are stately baroque complexes created as hunting lodges and places of pleasure. Originally the castles of Rivoli and Moncalieri were for defence purposes, then transformed from ancient strongholds into “places of delight”. Victor Amadeus III was the sovereign that most loved and lived in the castle, taking his Court there from July to December. In that period, the homes of the aristocracy were developed in the neighbouring areas, keen on also holidaying close to the royal centre. Natural and cultural world heritage Some of the Savoy Residences of Turin and Piedmont have been registered in the World Heritage List since 1997. Each Residence is distinguished by particular characteristics which, in their entirety... Read this Entry Since 1995, the institutions in charge of the most prestigious Palace Museums in Europe have come together to form the European Royal Residences Network. The Association of European Royal... Browse the offers and find out the perfect one for you! Come and discover the Court of Italy! It is the Royal Residences of Turin and Piedmont, UNESCO World Heritage Site: maisons de plaisance and sumptuous gardens, theater of the refined court life an... Turismo Torino e Provincia uses cookies to assist browsing by users of the website. In this respect and in order to ensure the user has all the information necessary for correctly browsing, we are making available the following information that explains what cookies are, what type of cookies are used on our website and how to configure or disable them. By accessing any element below this banner, you are giving your consent to the use of cookies. Further information I accept the Policy on cookies	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line106
__label__wiki	0.836351	0.836351	Boards+ Log in \| Help \| Register Displaying 0 meetings from 1/1/1940 to 12/31/1940 for All Meeting Groups Date: 2025, 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021, 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015, 2014, 2013, See More... 2012, 2011, 2010, 2009, 2008, 2007, 2006, 2005, 2004, 2003, 2002, 2001, 2000, 1999, 1998, 1997, 1996, 1995, 1994, 1993, 1992, 1991, 1990, 1989, 1988, 1987, 1986, 1985, 1984, 1983, 1982, 1981, 1980, 1979, 1978, 1977, 1976, 1975, 1974, 1973, 1972, 1971, 1970, 1969, 1968, 1967, 1966, 1965, 1964, 1963, 1962, 1961, 1960, 1959, 1958, 1957, 1956, 1955, 1954, 1953, 1952, 1951, 1950, 1949, 1948, 1947, 1946, 1945, 1944, 1943, 1942, 1941, 1940Selected, 1939, 1938, 1937, 1936, 1935, 1934, 1933, 1932, 1931, 1930, 1929, 1928, 1927, 1926, 1925, 1924, 1923, 1922, 1921, 1920, 1919, 1918, All Group: All Meeting Groups Art in City Life Commission Bike and Pedestrian Advisory Board of Canvassers Board of Contract and Supply Board of Investment Board of Licenses Building Board of Review Capital Center Commission Charles V. Chapin Memorial Award City Council City Council As A Whole City Council As A Whole and Providence School Board, Jointly City Plan Commission City Property Committee Claims Committee Commission on Minority and Women Business Development Committee on Finance & Committee on Claims and Pending Suits, Jointly Committee on Finance & Special Committee on Education, Jointly Committee on Ward Boundaries Community Safety Act Working Group Design Review Committee of the Capital Center Commission Dexter Donation Downtown Design Review Committee Downtown Providence District Management Authority Economic Development Advisory Committee Economic Development Task Force Economic Development Task Force Sub Committee on Tax Stabilizations Environmental Sustainability Equal Pay Task Force Ethics Commission Sub-Committee on Communication and Outreach Ethics Commission Sub-Committee on Policy and Procedures Finance Committee Harbor Management Commission Healthy Communities Advisory Council Historic District Commission Housing and Community Development Juvenile Hearing Board Leadership Committee Mayor’s Advisory Council to Reduce Gun Violence Ordinance Committee Ordinances & Municipal Operations, Jointly Ordinances and Ways and Means, Jointly Park Commissioners PEDP PEDP Loan Committee Property Reval Commission Providence Business Loan Fund Providence Emergency Management Advisory Council Providence Ethics Commission Providence External Review Authority (PERA) Providence Human Relations Commission Providence Redevelopment Agency Providence School Board Providence School Building Committee Providence/Cranston Workforce Development Board Public Buildings Authority Public Works Committee Recreational Advisory Board Retirement Board Retirement Board Medical Sub-Committee Rules Committee Salary Review Commission Special Commission to Review Diversity and Equity in City Government Special Commission to Study Affordable Housing Special Commission to Study the City's Bond Finance Program Special Committee - Christmas Day Special Committee - St. Patrick's Day Special Committee for Commemorative Works Special Committee for the Study of a Progressive Tiered Property Tax Special Committee on Economic Growth Strategies Special Committee on Education Special Committee on Municipal Operations and Oversight Special Committee on Public Safety Special Committee on School Department Oversight Special Committee on Ways and Means Special Committee on Women and Healthy Communities Special Committee to Study Homelessness State Legislative Affairs Substance Abuse Prevention Council Swim Commission Tax Assessment and Review Tourism Council Traffic Calming Advisory Group URRP Committee Water Supply Board WIOA Oversight Committee Worforce Solutions Youth Committee Workforce Solutions Disabilities Committee Workforce Solutions Executive Committee Workforce Solutions Finance Committee Workforce Solutions Membership Committee Workforce Solutions Veterans Committee Zoning Board of Review View: ListSelected \| Calendar © 2020 City of Providence - Terms of Use - Privacy - Contact Us Legislative Files Some other Sort of Thing	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line108
__label__wiki	0.586043	0.586043	Russian Style on Changabang, A Convergence of Cultures in the Garhwal Himalaya Russian Style on Changabang A convergence of cultures in the Garhwal Himalaya by Carlos Buhler In the spring of 1981, I received a letter from Dane Bums. It contained a variety of xeroxed photos from different magazines and journals showing the southern aspects of one of the most alluring and beautiful mountains I’d ever seen. The mountain was called Changabang. Lines and arrows pointed out both established routes and new possibilities on exciting and wild terrain. Scribbled in along the edge of the photo of Changabang’s southwest face were Dane’s emphatic thoughts: “Now does this look like fun climbing at 21,000 feet?.… It sounds hard, but really neat!” Of a line between two arrows, he wrote, “What do you think? I’ll get a loan if need be, sell my car or my body. … But, let’s go!” I don’t remember exactly when I heard the name Changabang for the first time. It was after the 1974 first ascent (led by Christian Bonington with his characteristic entourage of Britain’s most accomplished mountaineers) and well before I knew how to launch an expedition to the Himalaya. By the time Dane wrote me, Changabang was embedded in my consciousness. Like a cruel joke, the Indian government decided to close down all climbing on peaks within the Nanda Devi Sanctuary the very next year. Changabang was now closed to climbers indefinitely. It would stay off-limits for the next 15 years. In 1996, the Indian Mountaineering Foundation made a partial concession to the Sanctuary closure. Those peaks whose flanks fell to the outside of the line would be re-opened for climbing, but only by routes on the outward-facing walls. The Sanctuary boundary ran directly over the summits of Changabang and Kalanka, and their north faces were now open via the Bagini Glacier. But who had been on the Bagini Glacier? As far as I was concerned, the north faces of the two mountains were complete unknowns. After a repeat of the original route in 1980, Michael Rheinbergers wrote, “On the Nanda Devi, or southern side, the face (of Changabang) seemed to average about 50 degrees, somewhat steeper in places. … To the north, the face fell away at a fearsome angle. …” Then, in the summer of 1996, Julie-Ann Clyma and her husband, Roger Payne (General Secretary of the British Mountaineering Council), led the first attempt on Changabang’s huge, cold, and impressive north face. The British, it seemed, were always one step ahead when it came to knowing what was out there to climb. Unfortunately for them, they experienced atrocious weather, but still managed to climb high up the steep, iced-up slabs and comers of the immense buttress that protrudes from the left side of the face. More importantly (for me, anyway), they came back with amazing stories and stunning photographs. Having climbed K2’s North Ridge with a very strong Russian team that same year, I was tempted to explore the smaller, and less known, mountains of Asia the next. But the reality for my Russian friends was that only a known 8000er could attract the Russian sponsorship dollars that would make an expedition possible for them in 1997. Though I mentioned Changabang among other objectives, our choice became the Diamir Flank of Nanga Parbat, in Pakistan, which we agreed to in September 1996, just after our ascent of K2. Nevertheless, when I returned from China to Pakistan in order to catch my flight to London, I ran into Steve Sustad and Simon Yates in Islamabad. Steve spoke to me then about the north face of Changabang. He was part of a team that would be going back with Roger and Julie-Ann to attempt the unclimbed face again in 1997. According to him, there just might be an extra place on the team. I was supremely interested. Though I kept hoping as long as I could, eventually a team of six British climbers was formed. There would be no place for me. After our success on Nanga Parbat, the Russians were ready to gamble for sponsorship. Knowing that new routes were waiting on many smaller peaks, their curiosity was ripe for original ideas. When I brought up Changabang again, they were ready to try raising money for it. We wanted something out of the ordinary, something new, and something technical. Beneath the north face of Rakaposhi, in the village of Hussainabad (the home of our Pakistani cook, Ali Madat), our decision was made. We would attempt to climb this infamous north face of Changabang. In reality, I still knew very little about it. I had yet to even see a photograph from that side. On my way home from Nanga Parbat, I stopped and phoned Steve Sustad during my overnight in London. While systematically dropping a small fortune in change into a public telephone at my B&B near the airport, I heard the tale of their epic first ascent and tragedy on the north face. I was riveted to the phone as I listened to Steve recount the climb. It was a remarkable story. When he was done, I asked him, solemnly, whether there were any possible lines to the right of their route. “Yes, most definitely, but they will be full-on big wall climbs,” he said. He warned me that they would require the whole gamut of big wall artillery. When I put down the telephone, I was sobered but intrigued. Big wall it would be. Our team consisted of five individuals: four Russians (Ivan Dusharin, Andrei Mariev, Pavel “Pasha” Chabaline and Andrei Volkov) and one American (me). As leader of the expedition, my chief role after dreaming up the objective was to get as much of the bureaucratic red tape out of the way as I could and maneuver the team, in one organized heap, to the foot of the mountain. Base Camp was established on April 24. The pastoral meadow was still hidden beneath three feet of winter snow. The five-hour, ten-kilometer approach from there to the foot of the face quickly convinced us to hire a couple of Indian porters, Govinda and Nanda Sing. The terrain above Base Camp was even more deeply covered. The job of ferrying 25 days of rations and gear to the base of the wall was enormous, but it paled in comparison to the thought of lugging it up the wall itself. Unfortunately, we couldn’t employ any enthusiastic Indian porters for that job; we would have to do it ourselves. As Govinda and Nanda Sing laid their loads down a half mile from the 5,200-foot sheer granite wall, they gazed up at the golden-colored granite ribboned by vertical streaks of blue ice. They must have thought we were completely out of our minds. What an amazing mountain wall of vertical rock and ice! Bordering the face on the left was the ridge followed by the first ascent team in 1974. On the right side of the face rose the rounded ridge from the Bagini Col. These two ridges met at an apex, the summit, centered above the middle of the face. On the lower left of the face, a huge buttress protruded from the wall. The British chose a route on the left side of this buttress in their 1997 ascent. We considered the right side of the buttress for our purposes since we wished to ascend the center of the smooth upper wall. More than a dozen corner systems offered possible routes up the initial 2,000 feet. But above this, there were far fewer options. The smooth upper half of the wall was bisected by three lines of weakness that rose diagonally from left to right. It seemed clear that we had to choose one of these three systems and ride it to its junction with some cracks that angled back left toward the apex of the face. We spent several days watching and listening to the mountain. Once our initial route choice was made, we knew we’d be committed to that line for the duration of our climb. Though stonefall would be an issue, we agreed to a comer system on the extreme right edge of the buttress where it joined the main part of the face. It formed an iced up comer system of cracks and slabs that would give us the easiest access to our upper wall. I was sure from the outset that my team was a talented group of individuals. But could we play music together? That had been the question before we began. Though Changabang had been on my mind for two decades, once I brought these men into the picture, I knew the project was no longer my own. It belonged to a larger set of minds. Our most difficult task revolved around coming to grips with the differences in strategy developed by two separate ideologies over the past 50 years. As one might imagine, I, the one American, was at a significant disadvantage when it came to convincing the four Russians that Yosemite methods were appropriate. Whereas Westerners believe in rotating the jobs of climbing a big wall on a mountain rather evenly throughout the effort, the Russians thought that each person should take a fixed position, or task, and stay with it for a long stretch, or even for the duration of the climb. This “collective” style of climbing clashed with my Western style of self-discovery, which they interpreted as individualism. Though we all believed in the concept of teamwork, we drew very different conclusions on how best to obtain it. I attempted to persuade the group to rotate the many responsibilities of the climb evenly between us. I was not as worried about attaining the summit as I was about having everyone come away from the climb with a feeling of satisfaction and fulfillment. However, the Russians took a different view. They knew that the enjoyment and personal satisfaction from climbing could be had in their home mountains, those closer to Russia and much less costly to reach. On Changabang, they felt they had a job to do. It was their belief that addressing the task at hand (i.e., establishing a direct new route on Changabang’s north face) took precedence over any personal goals they might have had before coming on the expedition. In the end, I was unable to convince them of my viewpoint. In order for the climb to be a team success, someone had to compromise. My rational course of action was to adjust my outlook and allow these people to perform using the methods with which they were most efficient. Following this, I then resolved to support and contribute to our venture in every way. We agreed to a capsule style, which offered the protection and safety of three consecutive camps on the wall installed in one continuous push. With eight 50-meter lengths of static rope, three 60-meter lead ropes and two 55-meter 7-mm lines to leave on the long traverses, we were neither going very heavy nor very light. On May 6, a severe storm moved into the area. Our reconnoitering and initial fixing of the lower four ice pitches came to a halt. Sitting out the storm at our advanced camp was not relaxing. We knew that huge avalanches poured off the Bagini Col. Would they threaten us with their enormous runouts? Under the cover of clouds and darkness, I could occasionally hear the muffled running of the avalanches. How close were they coming? Unwilling to dig out our gear and relocate our tents in the storm’s eye, we tried to shut our minds to the possibility that we might be covered. We could only cajole ourselves into remembering that, during the good weather, the wall below the Bagini Col behind camp had seemed to pose no threat at all. How differently things felt beneath three feet of new snow! I was kicking myself for not insisting that we put our two tents another 100 to 200 meters from the headwall. By May 8, we realized nothing could be gained by waiting in advance Base Camp at the foot of the face for conditions to stabilize. That evening, the skies cleared. But it was clearly going to take several days before things settled down. With no desire to descend the next morning in the heat of the sun, we left ABC at about 8 p.m. It was now clear and cold, with bright moonlight. Over 40 inches of snow had accumulated. To our amazement, our upright grade seven haul bags were completely hidden by fresh powder. What normally took us two-and-a-half hours to descend cost us eight hours in deep snow. It was an exhausting night. Bad weather returned for another day on the 9th. About the same time, I became sick with bronchitis. On the 10th it cleared again, and the snow started to settle. On May 12, the four Russians went back up to ABC while I remained in B.C. nursing my bronchitis. Once on the mountain, the Russians began doing the grunt work of digging out the gear in the bergschrund from under two meters of new snow, and fixing the next six pitches of mixed ice and rock. On May 15, I made my way to the base of the wall with Govinda and Nanda Sing. Although our original plans had centered around only four people on the wall, after lugging loads to the foot of the face, it felt unthinkable to expect that now one of us wouldn’t begin the climb. Volkov and Dusharin had invited Mariev to participate on the expedition on the understanding that he might not have a place in the actual climb. But having been together on K2 and Nanga Parbat, the four of us were well acquainted. Pasha Chabaline was actually the “invited outsider” from the city of Kirov, yet his big wall experience eclipsed ours. Unlike the four of us, big walls were his focus in climbing. When the Russians insisted they could easily manage three people in one of the two-person portaledges, the decision was made. Pasha explained that it would be no different than what they were all too familiar with at home in their tiny apartments. Besides, he explained, in a portaledge this size, he had slept as many as five people, with heads all toward the wall and legs extending outward! Who could argue with that? Our first long day on the face consisted of hauling and dragging all our personal gear and food up the ten fixed pitches to our first hanging bivouac. We brought all the fixed lines up behind us and established our first hanging camp by night fall. For me, it was one of the three or four most exhausting days of the climb. The next day, Pasha and Andrei went out in front. Ivan, Andrei M. and I began organizing the hundreds of kilos of gear, fuel, and food. We separated items into bags of what we would need over the next five or six days and what we could haul up the fixed ropes for the future. Water was melted; meals were prepared; ropes untangled, dried and coiled; single 3/8? bolt belay anchors were drilled and backed up. It felt like a construction project to me. Judging by the amount of flammable liquid we carried, I figured we had enough fuel for a month. Then I realized it was 110 proof spirit for drinking, not burning! Ah, but I was getting used to these differences. We worked like this over the next ten days. The two long days (May 19 and 24) of moving our camps were the worst of all. On those days we adopted the practice of carrying a 15-kilo rucksack on our backs and clipping a 20- to 25-kilo haulbag to the leg loops of our harnesses with long slings. In this way (or so the idea went) we would only have to elevate the remaining four 35-kilo haulbags using the standard pulley system. Well, yes. But it didn’t make ascending ropes much fun. Especially that one, thin, fraying, 9-mm fixed rope we’d brought along! The aid climbing on the face became one long psychological endurance effort. On the morning of May 27 we had our ropes fixed to a point within a few hundred feet of the top of the wall. Pasha and Andrei went out to complete the last pitches as Ivan, Mariev and I prepared to follow up behind them for an attempt to reach the summit. We should have known that the last pitches would take twice as long as anticipated—everything else had as well. Although Pasha and Andrei managed to complete the wall and fix our three climbing ropes to the col between the two horns, we ran out of daylight before we could attempt the knife-edge ridge to the top. It was necessary to rappel back down to the portaledges and endure another night in the intense cold. The next morning our luck seemed to run out. It began to snow at 5 a.m. We waited in our sleeping bags as the hours ticked by. The desire to complete the climb to the summit and be done with it was overpowering. We were all near the breaking point, both physically and psychologically. It is hard to say exactly how much longer we might have lasted—perhaps two or three more days—but we were all aware that our mental limit was near. An accident would be so quick and sudden that our minds would hardly register until after it had occurred. We were losing our ability to concentrate and stay focused. At 9 a.m., the skies began to clear. No storm. It had only been a squall. By 10 a.m. we were re-ascending the fixed lines to the ridge. Our energy was rekindled by the hope that at last, today, we would reach the top and be able to begin our long-awaited descent. It was electrifying. So much energy began to pour from our tired bodies that I wondered if I would have any in reserve for the dangerous rappel down the wall. Few summits I have been on are as airy and exposed as the top of Changabang. We followed a rising knife-edge ridge out of the col and up along its lower-angled west side. In minutes we were standing on the apex. It was breathtaking. Nanda Devi was visible in a swirl of clouds off to the southeast. I thought about my friend Ad Carter, who together with his teammates in 1936 had made the impressive first ascent. The forbidden Sanctuary lay in tranquillity at our feet in the deep valley below. Dunagiri, a peak I had heard so much about from Dick Renshaw, sat majestically to the west. We were in no hurry now. We took in our surroundings calmly. Off toward Tibet, the peaks hung like paintings, forming a backdrop only the imagination could surpass. Hugs and more hugs. Then, photos, and out came the flags. For a few moments we were free from the burden of the wall. It occurred to me that it was the first time I had been able to stand on something in two weeks. But it was too brief. Quickly the feeling faded and we were forced back to the task. Rappels began, back into the world of the vertical cold north face, on to the retrieval of our ropes and gear. It was almost a cruel joke. We knew much work lay ahead of us in the next two days. After 21 days of working and living on a mile-high face of ice and granite, we reached the bottom of the wall and made our way back to Base Camp. It had been a very rough road. I had been forced to let go of preconceived ideas on how we would attain the summit. Most of all, I had needed to let go of my ego. If I had not released my grip on my original vision, I would have left the expedition. I continually had to remind myself to ease up on my need for control and allow the Russians to “create” in their own way. Only then was I able to lead the project and contribute significantly to the attainment of our goal. In hindsight, the uneven distribution between Russians and American had probably been a good thing: had it been a more balanced team, we might never have been able to find a compromise. Perhaps the most amazing thing about the climb was the fact that we finished the expedition as better friends than when we had begun. Along the way, there arose enough disputes, stemming from cultural gaps and differences in climbing philosophy, to fill a small book. My reward at the end, however, was the honor of working together with a talented team of individuals to establish one of the most ambitious and difficult big wall routes in the Himalaya. Summary of Statistics Area: Garhwal Himalaya, India New Route: The Lightning Route (VII 5.9 A4 WI4, 5,200 feet) on the north face of Changabang (6864m), April 16-June 6, 1998, Carlos Buhler (U.S.), Andrei Volkov, Andrei Mareiv, Ivan Dusharin, Pavel Chabaline (Russia)	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line109
__label__wiki	0.844249	0.844249	Pause for Thought French 1837-1883 Pierre-Auguste Cot Locations He was born in B??darieux, and initially studied at l Ecole des Beaux-Arts in Toulouse before going to Paris. He studied under Leon Cogniet, Alexandre Cabanel and William-Adolphe Bouguereau. From the 1870s, his popularity grew quickly. In 1874 he was made Chevalier of the Legion of Honour. He created several works of lasting popularity, including Le Printemps, featuring two young lovers sitting upon a swing, and The Storm. Both these paintings were until recently on display at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City; The Storm belongs to the museum while Le Printemps is owned privately. Cot also was renowned for his portraits, which made up the majority of his work. The more enduring figurative work, such as The Storm, is comparatively rare. Related Paintings of Pierre-Auguste Cot :. \| Springtime1 \| Little Lord Fauntleroy \| Pause for Thought \| The Storm \| Pisan Girl with Basket of Oranges and Lemons \| 1590-1638 Dutch Hercules Seghers Gallery Hercules Pieterszoon Seghers or Segers (c. 1589 ?C c. 1638) was a Dutch painter and printmaker of the Dutch Golden Age. Segers is in fact the more common form in contemporary documents, and was used by the painter himself (modern use is about equally divided between the two). He was "the most inspired, experimental and original landscapist" of his period and an even more innovative printmaker. He was probably best known to his contemporaries for his paintings of landscapes and still-life subjects; his paintings are also rare, with perhaps only fifteen surviving (one was destroyed in a fire in October 2007 ). The Stadholder, Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange bought landscapes in 1632. Many of his painted landscapes are fantastic mountainous compositions, whereas in his prints it is often the technical approach rather than the subject which is extreme. His painted landscapes tend to show a wide horizontal view, with emphasis on earth rather than sky; two in the Gemäldegalerie, Berlin had strips of sky added at the top later in the century to meet a changed taste. Apart from Coninxloo, Seghers drew from the Flemish landscape tradition, perhaps especially Joos de Momper and Roelandt Savery, but also the "fantastic and visionary aspects of Mannerist" landscape painting. A 1680 inventory of Jan van der Capelle, who owned five paintings by Seghers, describes one as view of Brussels, which if correct would presumably mean Seghers travelled there, probably when young, when his style shows most Flemish influence (in so far as the chronology of his work is clear). Bamboccio Haarlem 1592/95-1642 (May 28, 1840 - October 3, 1884) was a 19th century Austrian academic history painter, designer, and decorator; most well known for his influence on Gustav Klimt and other Austrian artists, but in his own era considered an important artist himself and was a celebrity figure in the high culture of Vienna, attended with almost cult-like adulation. Makart was the son of a chamberlain at the Mirabell Palace, born in the former residence of the prince-archbishops of Salzburg. Initially, he received his training in painting at the Vienna Academy between 1850 and 1851 from Johann Fischbach. While in the Academy, German art was under the rule of a classicism, which was entirely intellectual and academice clear and precise drawing, sculpturesque modelling, and pictorial erudition were esteemed above all. Makart, who was a poor draughtsman, but who had a passionate and sensual love of color, was impatient to escape the routine of art school drawing. For his fortune, he was found by his instructors to be devoid of all talent and forced to leave the Vienna Academy. He went to Munich, and after two years of independent study attracted the attention of Karl Theodor von Piloty, under whose guidance, between 1861 and 1865 he developed his painting style. During these years, Makart also travelled to London, Paris and Rome to further his studies. The first picture he painted under Piloty, Lavoisier in Prison, though it was considered timid and conventional, attracted attention by its sense of color. In his next work, The Knight and the Water Nymphs, he first displayed the decorative qualities to which he afterwards sacrificed everything else in his work. His fame became established in the next year, with two works, Modern Amoretti and The Plague in Florence. His painting Romeo and Juliet was soon after bought by the Austrian emperor for the Vienna Museum, and Makart was invited to come to Vienna by the aristocracy. The prince Von Hohenlohe provided Makart with an old foundry at the Gusshausstraße 25 to use as a studio. He gradually turned it into an impressive place full of sculptures, flowers, musical instruments, requisites and jewellery that he used to create classical settings for his portraits, mainly of women. Eventually his studio looked like a salon and became a social meeting point in Vienna. Cosima Wagner described it as a "wonder of decorative beauty, a sublime lumber-room". His luxurious studio served as a model for a great many upper middle-class living rooms. The opulent, semi-public spaces of the Makart atelier were the scene of a recurring rendezvous between the artist and his public. The artist became the mediator between different levels of society: he created a socially ambiguous sphere in which nobility and bourgeoisie could encounter one another in mutual veneration of the master, and aestheticized the burgeoning self-awareness of the bourgeoisie by means of historical models drawn from the world of the aristocracy. In this way, an artist like Makart lived out the image that high society had created of him. Makart is considered by many as being the first art star, referred to by contemporaries an "artist prince" (Malerferst) in the tradition of Rubens. Makart became the acknowledged leader of the artistic life of the Vienna, which in the 1870s passed through a period of feverish activity, the chief results of which are the sumptuously decorated public buildings of the Ringstraße. He not only practised painting, but was also an interior designer, costume designer, furniture designer, and decorator, and his work decorated most of the public spaces of the era. His work engendered the term "Makartstil", or "Makart style", which completely characterized the era. In 1879, Makart had designed a pageant organised to celebrate the Silver Wedding Anniversary of the Imperial couple, emperor Franz Josef and his wife Elisabeth of Bavaria he designed, single-handed, the costumes, scenic setting, and triumphal cars. This became known as the "Makart-parade", and had given the people of Vienna the chance to dress up in historical costumes and be transported back into the past for a few hours. At the head of the parade was a float for artists, led by Makart on a white horse. His festivals became an institution in Vienna which lasted up until the 1960s. In the same year as the first parade he became a Professor at the Vienna Academy. Makart's painting The Entry of Charles V into Antwerp caused some controversy, because Charles V was depicted arriving in a procession surrounded by nude virgins; the offense was the mistaken idea that the nudes had no place in the modern scene. In the United States, the painting fell under the proscription of Anthony Comstock, which secured Makart's fame there. The American public desired at once to see what Comstock was persecuting, so they could tell whether he was acting correctly or in error. Salzburg's Makart Square, or Makartplatz, was named after the painter.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line112
__label__wiki	0.544155	0.544155	Cellular automata This article has not yet been published; it may contain inaccuracies, unapproved changes, or be unfinished. Dr. Hector Zenil, Oxford Immune Algorithmics and Algorithmic Dynamics Lab, Oxford and Stockholm, United Kingdom and Sweden A cellular automaton is a deterministic rewriting dynamical system that evolves in discrete time and discrete space, this latter usually a grid. It consists of a grid of cells that are locally but synchronously updated across the grid according to a global time scale and a global recursive rule governing the evolution of the state of each cell as a function of the state of neighboring cells. While the model of cellular automata is of the same computational power than other Turing universal models and, therefore, fundamentally equivalent as they can emulate each other, one of the most salient features of cellular automata is the qualitative diversity of their space-time evolutions when exploring different rules and different initial conditions. Their characteristic patterns appear faster than in other computing models and are shown visually in a compact manner as a result of their synchronous nature making them suitable to be studied both quantitatively and qualitatively, and also to be compared to physical and natural phenomena. 1 Two-dimensional Cellular Automata 2 One-dimensional Cellular Automata 3 Wolfram's PCE and Computational Irreducibility 4 Enumeration, coding, and initial conditions 5 Classification of Cellular Automata 6 Subclasses of Cellular Automata Two-dimensional Cellular Automata Two-dimensional cellular automata were studied in the early 1950s by people such as Stanislaw Ulam, John von Neumann, and Nils Aall Barricelli in the context of fluid dynamics, and biological systems. Ulam and von Neumann created a method for calculating liquid motion in the late 1950s. The driving concept of the method was to consider a liquid as a group of discrete units and calculate the motion of each based on its neighbours' behavior. Ulam suggested using a discrete system for creating a reductionist model of self-replication. John von Neumann considered these cellular automata models in its quest to find or discover a "universal constructor", a computational model that would be able to describe itself and self-reproduce. Much later, in 1986, Christopher Langton found a self-reproducing cellular automaton named Langton's ant found in a small rule-space (less number of states/shorter rule) than that constructed by von Neumann. Barricelli performed many of the earliest numerical experiments of cellular automata as a framework for artificial life as a precursor of evolutionary algorithms. A different type of neighborhood to that considered by von Neumann in two-dimensional cellular automata is the neighborhood is named after Edward F. Moore, a pioneer of cellular automata theory. The Moore neighborhood is composed of nine cells: a central cell and the eight cells which surround it. In 1969, German computer pioneer Konrad Zuse published his book Calculating Space, proposing that the physical laws of the universe are discrete by nature and that the entire universe is the output of a deterministic computation on a single cellular automaton. In the 1970s, John Conway introduced a two-state, two-dimensional cellular automaton with Moore's neighborhood that became known as the 'Game of Life' (GoL) as popularized by Martin Gardner in a Scientific American article. One of the most striking properties of GoL is not only that it appears to capture some of the most basic processes of life (birth, reproduction, and death) in an extremely simple model but the model displays the kind of living system's rich behavior. GoL was later proven to be Turing universal. WireWorld is another common two-dimensional cellular automaton. One-dimensional Cellular Automata In the 1980s, a comprehensive search of cellular automata models was performed by Stephen Wolfram who contributed significantly to the expansion and popularisation of the field. Wolfram systematically studied and introduced a simplified model of cellular automata, in particular, are the simplest non-trivial consisting of one-dimensional-space two-state automata that produce two-dimensional space-time evolutions. Those living in one-dimensional space and consider only the state of the closest two cell neighbors were named Elementary Cellular Automata by Wolfram. Wolfram performed an exhaustive study of ECA and other rewriting systems in increasingly larger rule spaces as published in his book A New Kind of Science (2002). Among his discoveries is that even in the simplest of the CA models some rules were able to generate high-quality statistical randomness even for the simplest initial conditions. This came as a surprise because even when some simple dynamical systems were known to be able to produce chaotic behavior such as in the so-called Rule 30 (where 30 comes from the rule representation in binary converted to decimal), such chaotic behavior would be, however, the result of continuous-time or continuous-space supporting such random-looking behavior. In cellular automata, however, rules and initial conditions are not only simple such as in other discrete or continuous dynamical systems but they also run on discrete space and time. Wolfram's PCE and Computational Irreducibility In the early 2000s, Wolfram and Cook showed that another ECA Rule, Rule 110, was capable of Turing universality, the rule is so minimalistic yet so powerful that led Wolfram to postulate a principle of computational equivalence (PCE) establishing that rules capable of non-trivial behavior are equally powerful and able of Turing universality. This PCE was later explored by H. Zenil and J. Riedel showing that most non-trivial ECA rules could be reprogrammed to behave as other rules displaying very different qualitative behavior with the appropriate compiler under rescaling hence providing further evidence in favor of Wolfram's PCE. A similar but theoretical exploration was undertaken by G. Theyssier arriving at similar conclusions. Wolfram's PCE also led to Wolfram to propose another principle of irreducibility on the basis that if PCE held and most non-trivial rules were indeed capable of unbounded complexity therefore most rules should also be irreducible (under a reasonable assumption based on the Church-Turing thesis). Wolfram's version of this type of universality was proposed as an incapability to find shortcuts of any feature of the behavior of a non-trivial system without having to run the rule itself nearly step by step thus expanding the irreducibility imposed by a stronger type of irreducibility from more widely studied undecidability and unreachability problems reduced to the Halting problem. H. Zwirn provided a formal framework of Wolfram's irreducibility in terms of a non-conventional approach to computational complexity based on logical depth. A philosophical angle was also studied by J. Dubucs and D. Reisinger et al. Zenil et al. took an experimental systemic approach and K. Sutner has given also technical accounts and an investigation into the meaning and discussion framework of PCE. Enumeration, coding, and initial conditions In 1983, Wolfram was the first also to explore CAs in a systematic fashion and conceived a simple enumeration scheme based on the rule representation. Each ECA rule can be represented by a row of all 3-tuple (the central cell and its closest neighbors) of which there are 8 cases, followed by a row of the rule assignation to such either a white or a black cell. This later row consisting of binary digits given that the ECA is a 2-state rule space can be read as a binary number e.g. 00000010 which in decimal is, e.g. rule 3 (for the depicted case). All possible mappings give a total number of $2^8=256$ rules. Increasing the state (color) number or the number of neighbors to each side in the description of each rile, the rule space size increases exponentially with ever-increasing spaces including the smaller ones. Space-time evolutions are of $d+1$ dimensions where d is the dimension of the CA $+$ time. For example, ECA that are 2-dimensional evolve in 3 dimensions. CAs such as the Game of Life that are 3-dimensional produce space-time evolutions in 4 dimensions. Classification of Cellular Automata Starting with random initial conditions, Wolfram observed a wide range of qualitatively different behaviors in their space-time evolutions. The discovery of the various qualitative behaviors displayed by ECA led Wolfram to propose a behavioral heuristic classification: Class 1: Nearly all initial patterns evolve quickly into a stable, homogeneous state. Any randomness in the initial pattern disappears. Class 2: Nearly all initial patterns evolve quickly into stable or oscillating structures. Some of the randomness in the initial pattern may filter out, but some remain. Local changes to the initial pattern tend to remain local. Class 3: Nearly all initial patterns evolve in a pseudo-random or chaotic manner. Any stable structures that appear are quickly destroyed by the surrounding noise. Local changes to the initial pattern tend to spread indefinitely. Class 4: Nearly all initial patterns evolve into structures that interact in complex and interesting ways, with the formation of local structures that are able to survive for long periods of time. Rules such as ECA rule 110, like the Game of Life, exhibits Class 4 behavior. Rules like ECA rule 30 that are random-looking belong to Class 3. Attempts to formalize the classification or come up with alternative ones have led to the different approaches and proposals, including, A. Wuensche, W. Li and N.H. Packard, J. Baetens, H. Zenil, and others, based on other order parameters such as information (communication) theoretic (statistical entropy), power spectral, topological, surface, lossless compression (such as LZW), lattices, Lyapunov exponents, algorithmic complexity, mean-field, and morphological diversity classifications. They can themselves be categorized into rule-based or post-evolution-based. Rule-based approaches focus on an examination of the generating rules, this is the case of, for example, Langton's lambda parameter (the rule density of non-zero values). These approaches, however, are very limited because of undecidability results (Culik et al.) Post-evolution approaches are observer-dependent by the same undecidability arguments but are better placed to adapt under a Bayesian approach to behavior that updates its class membership (as compared to those classifications based on only inspecting the generating rules), such as entropy, Lyapunov's exponent, lossless compression or algorithmic-complexity-based. Post-evolution approaches also allow a qualitative study of the sensitivity of a rule to different initial conditions. For example, ECA rule 22 is bi-stable, with one behavior belonging to Class 2 as it produces a Sierpinsky fractal-like pattern and another behavior to which it converges in the limit as a function of initial input length it produces a random-looking output similar to that of ECA rule 30 (because the longer the string the fewer chances to have the symmetry required to produce the fractal-like behavior). This kind of analysis is impossible with rule-based approaches such as Langton's lambda or state diagrams only inspecting the static rule. Measures, such as entropy or lossless compression with popular compression algorithms are limited to statistical (i)regularities. Only measures able to cope with undecidable problems such as those universal like algorithmic complexity and algorithmic probability introduced by J. Riedel and Zenil are equipped, in principle, to deal with the range of rich and possible behavior displayed by a universal model such as CA. Work by Riedel and Zenil also showed that classifications are not fundamental because for every (non-trivial) rule there is a compiler with which the rule can be reprogrammed to emulate rules from any other behavioral class. However, they also showed that a new classification can be recovered by looking at how difficult is for a rule-compiler tuple to be found in order to emulate a wider range of rules both quantitatively and qualitatively different. The invariant is, therefore, the combination of most likely behavior and the algorithmic probability of finding a short compiler to make the original rule to emulate other rules. When considering the sensitivity to initial conditions one has to define a distance between initial conditions and the most appropriate is to use Gray's code that guarantees that only one digits changes from one to another string hence only introducing the smallest possible change in the initial condition to study its effect in the output evolution of the CA. Subclasses of Cellular Automata Reversible CA A cellular automaton is reversible if, for every current configuration of the cellular automaton, there is exactly one past configuration (preimage). If one thinks of a cellular automaton as a function mapping configurations to configurations, reversibility implies that this function is bijective. If a cellular automaton is reversible, its time-reversed behavior can also be described as a cellular automaton; this fact is a consequence of the Curtis–Hedlund–Lyndon theorem, a topological characterization of cellular automata. For cellular automata in which not every configuration has a preimage, the configurations without preimages are called 'Garden of Eden' patterns. With John Myhill, Moore proved the Garden of Eden theorem characterizing the cellular automaton rules that have patterns with no predecessor. For one-dimensional cellular automata, there are known algorithms for deciding whether a rule is reversible or irreversible. However, for cellular automata of two or more dimensions, reversibility is undecidable; that is, there is no algorithm that takes as input an automaton rule and is guaranteed to determine correctly whether the automaton is reversible. The proof by Jarkko Kari is related to the tiling problem by Wang tiles. Reversible cellular automata are often used to simulate such physical phenomena as gas and fluid dynamics since they obey the laws of thermodynamics. Such cellular automata have rules specially constructed to be reversible. Such systems have been studied by Tommaso Toffoli, Norman Margolus and others. Several techniques can be used to explicitly construct reversible cellular automata with known inverses. Totalistic A special class of cellular automata are the totalistic cellular automata. The state of each cell in a totalistic cellular automaton is represented by a number (usually an integer value drawn from a finite set), and the value of a cell at time t depends only on the sum of the values of the cells in its neighborhood (possibly including the cell itself) at time $t - 1$. If the state of the cell at time t depends on both its own state and the total of its neighbors at time $t − 1$ then the cellular automaton is properly called outer totalistic. Conway's GoL is an example of an outer totalistic cellular automaton with cell values 0 and 1; outer totalistic cellular automata with the same Moore neighborhood structure as Life are sometimes called life-like cellular automata. Continuous spatial automata Continuous spatial automata have a continuum of locations. The state of a location is a finite number of real numbers. Time is also continuous, and the state evolves according to differential equations. One important example is reaction-diffusion textures, differential equations proposed by Alan Turing in the context of his morphogenesis to explain how chemical reactions could create the stripes on zebras and spots on leopards. The Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction is a spatio-temporal chemical oscillator that can be simulated by means of a cellular automaton. Non-square lattice/grid Lattices on which a CA runs do not have to be square. Maurice Margenstern, for example, has introduced CA on the hyperbolic planes. Game theory (Firing squad synchronization problem, Majority problem) Pseudo-randomness Computing with particle colliding Quantum gravity: Fredkin and Wolfram are strong proponents of a CA-based physics and in 2016, Gerard 't Hooft published a book-length development of the idea to rebuild quantum mechanics using cellular automata. Amoroso, Serafino; Patt, Yale N. (1972). "Decision Procedures for Surjectivity and Injectivity of Parallel Maps for Tessellation Structures". J. Comput. Syst. Sci. 6 (5): 448–464. doi:10.1016/s0022-0000(72)80013-8. Burton H. Voorhees (1996). Computational analysis of one-dimensional cellular automata. World Scientific. p. 8. ISBN 978-981-02-2221-5. Durand-Lose, Jérôme (2001). "Representing reversible cellular automata with reversible block cellular automata". Discrete Mathematics and Theoretical Computer Science. AA: 145–154. Archived from the original on 15 May 2011. E. Fredkin, "Digital mechanics: an informational process based on reversible universal cellular automata", Physica D 45, 254–270, 1990 Ilachinski, Andrew (2001). Cellular automata: a discrete universe. World Scientific. ISBN 978-981-238-183-5. Kari, Jarkko (1990). "Reversibility of 2D cellular automata is undecidable". Physica D. 45 (1–3): 379–385. doi:10.1016/0167-2789(90)90195-U. Kari, Jarkko (1999). On the circuit depth of structurally reversible cellular automata. Fundamenta Informaticae. 38: 93–107. Kari, Jarkko (2005). Theory of cellular automata: a survey. Theoret. Comp. Sci., 334:3–33. Li, Wentian; Packard, Norman (1990). "The structure of the elementary cellular automata rule space". Complex Systems. (4) 281–297. Nicolis (1974). "Dissipative Structures, Catastrophes, and Pattern Formation: A Bifurcation Analysis". PNAS. 71 (7): 2748–2751. Margenstern, Maurice (2007). Cellular Automata in Hyperbolic Spaces – Tome I, Volume 1. Riedel, Jürgen and Zenil, Hector (2018). "Rule Primality, Minimal Generating Sets and Turing-Universality in the Causal Decomposition of Elementary Cellular Automata". Journal of Cellular Automata, vol. 13, pp. 479-497. Riedel, Jürgen and Zenil, Hector (2018). "Cross-boundary Behavioural Reprogrammability Reveals Evidence of Pervasive Universality". International Journal of Unconventional Computing, vol 13:14-15 pp. 309-357. Sutner, Klaus (1991). "De Bruijn Graphs and Linear Cellular Automata". Complex Systems. 5: 19–30. Smith, Alvy Ray. "Cellular Automata Complexity Trade-Offs". Smith, Alvy Ray. "Simple Computation-Universal Cellular Spaces". Smith, Alvy Ray. "Simple Nontrivial Self-Reproducing Machines". Smith, Alvy Ray. "Introduction to and Survey of Cellular Automata or Polyautomata Theory". Gardner, Martin (1970). "Mathematical Games: The fantastic combinations of John Conway's new solitaire game "life"". Scientific American. 223 (223): 120–123. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1070-120. Gerard 't Hooft, 2016, The Cellular Automaton Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics, Springer International Publishing, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-41285-6 Reisinger, Drew and Martin, Taylor and Blankenship, Mason and Harrison, Christopher and Squires, Jesse and Beavers, Anthony, Exploring Wolfram’s Notion of Computational Irreducibility with a Two-Dimensional Cellular Automaton (2012) In Zenil, Hector (Ed.) Irreducibility and Computational Equivalence: 10 Years After Wolfram's A New Kind of Science, Springer, Heidelberg. Toffoli, Tommaso and Margolus, Nornam (1987) Cellular Automata Machines: A New Environment for Modeling. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Toffoli, Tommaso; Margolus, Norman (1987). Cellular Automata Machines: A New Environment for Modeling. MIT Press. p. 27. ISBN 9780262200608. John von Neumann, "The general and logical theory of automata," in L.A. Jeffress, ed., Cerebral Mechanisms in Behavior – The Hixon Symposium, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1951, pp. 1–31. Weisstein, E. W. "Books about Cellular Automata." http://www.ericweisstein.com/encyclopedias/books/CellularAutomata.html. Wolfram, Stephen "Statistical Mechanics of Cellular Automata." Rev. Mod. Phys. 55, 601-644, 1983. Wolfram, Stephen "Twenty Problems in the Theory of Cellular Automata." Physica Scripta T9, 170-183, 1985. Wolfram, Stephen (Ed.). Theory and Application of Cellular Automata. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1986. Wolfram, Stephen Cellular Automata and Complexity: Collected Papers. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1994. Wolfram, Stephen A New Kind of Science. Champaign, IL: Wolfram Media, 2002. Wuensche, Andrew and Lesser, M. The Global Dynamics of Cellular Automata: An Atlas of Basin of Attraction Fields of One-Dimensional Cellular Automata. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1992. Zenil, Hector (2010). "Compression-based investigation of the dynamical properties of cellular automata and other systems". Complex Systems. 19 (1). Zenil, Hector (2013), “Asymptotic behavior and ratios of complexity in cellular automata,” International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos, vol. 23, no. 9, Article ID 1350159. Zenil, Hector (2012) Irreducibility and Computational Equivalence: 10 Years After Wolfram's A New Kind of Science, Springer, Heidelberg. Sutner, Klaus (2012) Computational Equivalence and Classical Recursion Theory. In Zenil, Hector (Ed.) Irreducibility and Computational Equivalence: 10 Years After Wolfram's A New Kind of Science, Springer, Heidelberg. Zenil, H., Soler-Toscano, F., Joosten, J. (2012) Empirical encounters with computational irreducibility and unpredictability. Minds and Machinesvol. 22, Number 3, pp. 149-165. Zuse, Konrad "The Computing Universe", Int. Jour. of Theo. Phy. 21, 589–600, 1982. Zuse, Konrad (1970) "Calculating Space", MIT Technical Translation AZT-70-164-GEMIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Project MAC), Cambridge, Mass. 02139. Adrian German and Hector Zenil (eds). In Zenil, Hector (2012) A Computable Universe, World Scientific Publishing Company. Zwirn, Hervé (2013) Computational Irreducibility and Computational Analogy, Complex Systems 24(2). Zwirn, Hervé and Delahaye, Jean-Paul (2012) Unpredictability and Computational Irreducibility. In Zenil, Hector (Ed.) Irreducibility and Computational Equivalence: 10 Years After Wolfram's A New Kind of Science, Springer, Heidelberg. 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__label__cc	0.520247	0.479753	Statistical parametric mapping (SPM) Guillaume Flandin and Karl J. Friston (2008), Scholarpedia, 3(4):6232. doi:10.4249/scholarpedia.6232 revision #129667 [link to/cite this article] Curator: Guillaume Flandin Karl J. Friston Javier Elkin Tobias Denninger Dr. Guillaume Flandin, Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, London, UK Karl J. Friston, Wellcome Department of Imaging Neuroscience, London, UK Statistical parametric mapping is the application of Random Field Theory to make inferences about the topological features of statistical processes that are continuous functions of space or time. It is usually used to identify regionally specific effects (e.g., brain activations) in neuroimaging data to characterize functional anatomy and disease-related changes. 1 Statistical parametric mapping 1.1 The general linear model 1.2 Testing for contrasts 2 Topological inference and the theory of random fields 2.1 Anatomically closed hypotheses 2.2 Anatomically open hypotheses and levels of inference Statistical parametric mapping Brain mapping studies are usually analyzed with some form of statistical parametric mapping. This entails the construction of continuous statistical processes to test hypotheses about regionally specific effects (Friston et al. 1991). Statistical Parametric Maps (SPM) are images or fields with values that are, under the null hypothesis, distributed according to a known probability density function, usually the Student's t or F-distributions. These are known colloquially as t- or F-maps. The success of statistical parametric mapping is due largely to the simplicity of the idea. Namely, one analyses each and every voxel (i.e., image volume element) using any standard (univariate) statistical test, usually based on a General Linear Model (GLM) of the data. The resulting statistics are assembled into an image - the SPM. SPMs are interpreted as continuous statistical processes by referring to the probabilistic behaviour of random fields (Adler 1981, Worsley et al. 1992, Friston et al. 1994, Worsley et al. 1996). Random fields model both the univariate probabilistic characteristics of an SPM and any non-stationary spatial covariance structure. 'Unlikely' topological features of the SPM, like peaks or clusters, are interpreted as regionally specific effects, attributable to the experimental manipulation. In short, the GLM is used to explain continuous (image) data in exactly the same way as in conventional analyses of discrete data. Random Field Theory (RFT) is used to resolve the multiple-comparison problem when making inferences over the volume analysed. RFT provides a method for adjusting p-values for the search volume and plays the same role for SPMs as the Bonferroni correction for discrete statistical tests. The general linear model Figure 1: This schematic depicts the transformations that start with an imaging data sequence and end with a statistical parametric map (SPM). An SPM can be regarded as an 'X-ray' of the significance of regional effects. Voxel-based analyses require the data to be in the same anatomical space: this is effected by realigning the data. After realignment, the images are subject to non-linear warping so that they match a spatial model or template that already conforms to a standard anatomical space. After smoothing, the general linear model is employed to estimate the parameters of a temporal model (encoded by a design matrix) and derive the appropriate univariate test statistic at every voxel. The test statistics (usually t or F-statistics) constitute the SPM. The final stage is to make statistical inferences on the basis of the SPM and Random Field Theory and characterize the responses observed using the fitted responses or parameter estimates. Statistical analysis of imaging data corresponds to inverting generative models of data. Inferences are then pursued using statistics that assess the significance of interesting effects. A brief review of the literature may give the impression that there are numerous ways to analyze neuroimaging time-series (e.g., from Positron emission tomography (PET), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalography (EEG)). This is not the case; with very few exceptions, every analysis is a variant of the general linear model. This includes: simple t-tests on scans assigned to one condition or another, correlation coefficients between observed responses and boxcar stimulus functions in fMRI, inferences made using multiple linear regression and evoked responses estimated using linear time-invariant models. Mathematically, they are all formally identical and can be implemented with the same equations and algorithms. The only thing that distinguishes among them is the design matrix encoding the temporal model or experimental design. The general linear model is an equation $Y=X\beta+\epsilon$ that expresses the observed response variable in terms of a linear combination of explanatory variables $X$ plus a well behaved error term (see Figure 1 and Friston et al. 1995). The general linear model is variously known as 'analysis of covariance' or 'multiple regression analysis' and subsumes simpler variants, like the 't-test' for a difference in means, to more elaborate linear convolution models such as finite impulse response (FIR) models. The matrix that contains the explanatory variables (e.g. designed effects or confounds) is called the design matrix. Each column of the design matrix corresponds to an effect one has built into the experiment or that may confound the results. These are referred to as explanatory variables, covariates or regressors. The example in Figure 1 relates to an fMRI study of visual stimulation, under four conditions. The effects on the response variable are modelled in terms of functions of the presence of these conditions (i.e. boxcars smoothed with a hemodynamic response function) and constitute the first four columns of the design matrix. There then follows a series of terms that are designed to remove or model low-frequency variations in signal due to artefacts such as aliased biorhythms and other drift terms. The final column is whole brain activity. The relative contribution of each of these columns is assessed using standard maximum likelihood and inferences about these contributions are made using t or F-statistics, depending upon whether one is looking at a particular linear combination (e.g., a subtraction), or all of them together. Testing for contrasts The GLM can be used to implement a vast range of statistical analyses. The issue is therefore not the mathematics but the formulation of a design matrix appropriate to the study design and inferences sought. The design matrix can contain both covariates and indicator variables. Each column has an associated unknown or free parameter. Some of these parameters will be of interest (e.g. the effect of a particular sensorimotor or cognitive condition or the regression coefficient of hemodynamic responses on reaction time). The remaining parameters will pertain to confounding effects (e.g. the effect of being a particular subject or the regression slope of voxel activity on global activity). Inferences about the parameter estimates are made using their estimated variance. This allows one to test the null hypothesis that all the estimates are zero using the F-statistic or that some contrast or linear mixture (e.g. a subtraction) of the estimates is zero using an SPM{t}. An example of a contrast weight vector would be $\begin{bmatrix}-1 & 1 & 0 & \ldots\end{bmatrix}$ to compare the difference in responses evoked by two conditions, modelled by the first two regressors in the design matrix. Sometimes several contrasts of parameter estimates are jointly interesting. For example, when using polynomial (Büchel et al. 1996) or basis function expansions of some experimental factor. In these instances, the SPM{F} is used and is specified with a matrix of contrast weights that can be thought of as a collection of ‘t-contrasts’. An F-contrast may look like: \[ \begin{bmatrix} -1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & \cdots\\ 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 & \cdots \end{bmatrix} \] This would test for the significance of the first or second parameter estimates. The fact that the first weight is negative has no effect on the test because the F-statistic is based on sums of squares. In most analyses the design matrix contains indicator variables or parametric variables encoding the experimental manipulations. These are formally identical to classical analysis of covariance (i.e. ANCOVA) models. An important instance of the GLM, from the perspective of time-series data (e.g., functional magnetic resonance imaging or fMRI), is the linear time-invariant model or convolution model. Topological inference and the theory of random fields Figure 2: Schematic illustrating the use of Random Field Theory in making inferences about SPMs. If one knew precisely where to look, then inference can be based on the value of the statistic at the specified location in the SPM. However, generally, one does not have a precise anatomical prior, and an adjustment for multiple dependent comparisons has to be made to the p-values. These corrections use distributional approximations from RFT. This schematic deals with a general case of n SPM{t} whose voxels all survive a common threshold $u$ (i.e. a conjunction of $n$ component SPMs). The central probability, upon which all peak, cluster or set-level inferences are made, is the probability $P(u,c,k)$ of getting $c$ or more clusters with $k$ or more RESELS (resolution elements) above this threshold. By assuming that clusters behave like a multidimensional Poisson point-process (i.e., the Poisson clumping heuristic), $P(u,c,k)$ is determined simply: the distribution of $c$ is Poisson with an expectation that corresponds to the product of the expected number of clusters, of any size, and the probability that any cluster will be bigger than $k$ RESELS. The latter probability depends on the expected number of RESELS per cluster $\eta\ .$ This is simply the expected supra-threshold volume, divided by the expected number of clusters. The expected number of clusters $\psi_0$ is estimated with the Euler characteristic (EC) (effectively the number of blobs minus the number of holes). This depends on the EC density for the statistic in question (with degrees of freedom $\nu$) and the RESEL counts. The EC density is the expected EC per unit of $D$-dimensional volume of the SPM where the volume of the search is given by the RESEL counts. RESEL counts are a volume measure that has been normalized by the smoothness of the SPMs component error fields ($\epsilon$), expressed in terms of the full width at half maximum (FWHM). In this example equations for a sphere of radius $\epsilon$ are given. $\Psi$ denotes the cumulative density function for the statistic in question. Classical inference using SPMs can be of two sorts, depending on whether one knows where to look in advance. With an anatomically constrained hypothesis, about effects in a particular brain region, the uncorrected p-value associated with the height or extent of that region in the SPM can be used to test the hypothesis. With an anatomically open hypothesis (i.e. a null hypothesis that there is no effect anywhere in a specified volume) a correction for multiple dependent comparisons is necessary. The theory of random fields provides a way of adjusting the p-value that takes into account the fact that neighbouring voxels are not independent, by virtue of continuity in the original data. Provided the data are smooth the RFT adjustment is less severe (i.e. is more sensitive) than a Bonferroni correction for the number of voxels. As noted above RFT deals with the multiple comparisons problem in the context of continuous, statistical fields, in a way that is analogous to the Bonferroni procedure for families of discrete statistical tests. There are many ways to appreciate the difference between RFT and Bonferroni corrections. Perhaps the most intuitive is to consider the fundamental difference between an SPM and a collection of discrete t-values. When declaring a peak or cluster of the SPM to be significant, we refer collectively to all the voxels associated with that feature. The false positive rate is expressed in terms of peaks or clusters, under the null hypothesis of no activation. This is not the expected false positive rate of voxels. If the SPM is smooth, one false positive peak may be associated with hundreds of voxels. Bonferroni correction controls the expected number of false positive voxels, whereas RFT controls the expected number of false positive peaks. Because the number of peaks is always less than the number of voxels, RFT can use a lower threshold, rendering it much more sensitive. In fact, the number of false positive voxels is somewhat irrelevant because it is a function of smoothness. The RFT correction discounts voxel size by expressing the search volume in terms of smoothness or resolution elements (RESELS), see Figure 2. This intuitive perspective is expressed formally in terms of differential topology using the Euler characteristic (Worsley et al. 1992). At high thresholds the Euler characteristic corresponds to the number peaks above threshold. There are only two assumptions underlying the use of the RFT: The error fields (but not necessarily the data) are a reasonable lattice approximation to an underlying random field with a multivariate Gaussian distribution, These fields are continuous, with an analytic autocorrelation function. In practice, for neuroimaging data, the inference is appropriate if 1) the threshold chosen to define the blobs is high enough such that the expected Euler characteristic is close to the number of blobs, which for cluster size tests would be around a Z score of three 2) the lattice approximation is reasonable, which implies a smoothness about three times the voxel size on each space axis, 3) the errors of the specified statistical model are normally distributed, which implies that the model is not misspecified. A common misconception is that the autocorrelation function has to be Gaussian. It does not. The only way RFT might not be valid is if at least one of the above assumptions does not hold. Anatomically closed hypotheses When making inferences about regional effects (e.g. activations) in SPMs, one often has some idea about where the activation should be. In this instance a correction for the entire search volume is inappropriate. However, a problem remains in the sense that one would like to consider activations that are 'near' the predicted location, even if they are not exactly coincident. There are two approaches one can adopt: pre-specify a small search volume and make the appropriate RFT correction (Worsley et al. 1996) or use the uncorrected p-value based on spatial extent of the nearest cluster (Friston 1997). This probability is based on getting the observed number of voxels, or more, in a given cluster (conditional on that cluster existing). Both these procedures are based on distributional approximations from RFT. Anatomically open hypotheses and levels of inference To make inferences about regionally specific effects the SPM is thresholded, using some height and spatial extent thresholds that are specified by the user. Corrected p-values can then be derived that pertain to various topological features of the excursion set (i.e. subset of the SPM above threshold): Set-level inference: the number of activated regions (i.e., number of connected subsets above some height and volume threshold), Cluster-level inference: the number of activated voxels (i.e., volume) comprising a particular connected subset (i.e., cluster), Peak-level inference: the height of maxima within that cluster. These p-values are corrected for the multiple dependent comparisons and are based on the probability of obtaining $c\ ,$ or more, clusters with $k\ ,$ or more, voxels, above a threshold $u$ in an SPM of known or estimated smoothness. This probability has a reasonably simple form (see Figure 2 for details). Set-level refers to the inference that the number of clusters comprising an observed activation profile is highly unlikely to have occurred by chance and is a statement about the activation profile, as characterized by its constituent regions. Cluster-level inferences are a special case of set-level inferences, that obtain when the number of clusters $c = 1\ .$ Similarly peak-level inferences are special cases of cluster-level inferences that result when the cluster can be small (i.e. $k = 0$). One usually observes that set-level inferences are more powerful than cluster-level inferences and that cluster-level inferences are generally more powerful than peak-level inferences. The price paid for this increased sensitivity is reduced localizing power. Peak-level tests permit individual maxima to be identified as significant features, whereas cluster and set-level inferences only allow clusters or sets of clusters to be identified. Typically, people use peak-level inferences and a spatial extent threshold of zero. This reflects the fact that characterizations of functional anatomy are generally more useful when specified with a high degree of anatomical precision. K.J. Friston, J.T. Ashburner, S.J. Kiebel, T.E. Nichols and W.D. Penny (2006). Statistical Parametric Mapping: The Analysis of Functional Brain Images. Elsevier, London. Paul L. Nunez and Ramesh Srinivasan (2007) Electroencephalogram. Scholarpedia, 2(2):1348. Seiji Ogawa and Yul-Wan Sung (2007) Functional magnetic resonance imaging. Scholarpedia, 2(10):3105. R.J. Adler (1981). The geometry of random fields. Wiley New York. C. Büchel, R.S.J. Wise, C.J. Mummery, J.-B. Poline and K.J. Friston (1996). Nonlinear regression in parametric activation studies. NeuroImage, 4:60-66. K.J. Friston, C.D. Frith, P.F. Liddle and R.S.J. Frackowiak (1991). Comparing functional (PET) images: the assessment of significant change. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 11:690-699. K.J. Friston, K.J. Worsley, R.S.J. Frackowiak, J.C. Mazziotta and A.C. Evans (1994). Assessing the significance of focal activations using their spatial extent. Human Brain Mapping, 1:214-220. K.J. Friston, A.P. Holmes, K.J. Worsley, J.-B. Poline, C.D. Frith and R.S.J. Frackowiak (1995). Statistical Parametric Maps in functional imaging: A general linear approach. Human Brain Mapping, 2:189-210. K.J. Friston (1997). Testing for anatomical specified regional effects. Human Brain Mapping, 5:133-136. K.J. Worsley, A.C. Evans, S. Marrett and P. Neelin (1992). A three-dimensional statistical analysis for rCBF activation studies in human brain. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 12:900-918. K.J. Worsley, S. Marrett, P. Neelin, A.C. Vandal, K.J. Friston and A.C. Evans (1996). A unified statistical approach or determining significant signals in images of cerebral activation. Human Brain Mapping, 4:58-73. http://www.fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk/spm/ Brain, Neuroimaging, Functional magnetic resonance imaging Retrieved from "http://www.scholarpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Statistical_parametric_mapping_(SPM)&oldid=129667" Multiple Curators "Statistical parametric mapping (SPM)" by Guillaume Flandin and Karl J. Friston is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. Permissions beyond the scope of this license are described in the Terms of Use	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line114
__label__cc	0.512617	0.487383	Texas State students volunteer for Serve San Marcos ‘service rally’ Ten teams of university students are volunteering today and tomorrow as part of Serve San Marcos’ Texas State Student Service Rally. Wednesday, July 23rd, 2014 McCoys give $1.2 million to Central Texas Medical Center Largest gift in hospital’s history to pay for second da Vinci robotic surgery system. Capital campaign brings in $151 million for Texas State University Alumni and other supporters have contributed more than $151 million to Texas State University since the start of a capital gifts campaign in 2006, an average of more than $21.5 million a year and $41 million more... Smart named to AACSB board The dean of Texas State's McCoy College of Business Administration has been named to the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business International (AACSB) board of directors. Economic outlook luncheon set for June 27 Early bird registration already has passed for the annual economic outlook luncheon put on by various business interests, but those interested in attending can still do so with an RSVP by June 14. Hepner named student marketer of the year The new American Marketing Association (AMA) Student Marketer of the Year is Amanda Hepner, a senior marketing and management major in the McCoy College of Business Administration at Texas State.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line116
__label__wiki	0.646888	0.646888	Faroe Islands Greenland Iceland Saint Pierre and Miquelon All countries All countries Greenland Qaasuitsup Ilulissat (airport) Weather in Ilulissat (airport) Weather archive at the airport ( -10 °C+14 °F ) -11 °C12°F 1 °F 43 minutes ago at the weather station it was -9.4 °C+15 °F, normal air pressure, gentle breeze (4 m/s) (14 km/h) (9 miles/hour) (8 knots) (3 Bft) blowing from the east. Today we expect -12..-14 °C°F, +10..+7 °C°F, without precipitation, gentle breeze. Tomorrow: -11..-5 °C°F, +12..+23 °C°F, continuous snow, freezing (supercooled) fog , moderate breeze. direction E E E NE NE S S E E NE NE NE NE NE S E E E E E E E E Local time 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 Local time direction E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E NE E E NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE E S S S S S S SW SW S E E E E E NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE S SE E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E direction 69 67 63 61 61 63 61 61 63 61 62 60 60 59 60 57 58 60 55 55 54 56 57 52 52 51 49 52 54 59 67 80 81 80 81 79 79 69 67 74 58 60 60 63 66 65 65 65 64 65 66 68 69 69 69 62 54 56 57 56 55 55 54 57 59 60 60 62 64 64 63 Humidity, 11:26 13:41 11:19 13:49 11:12 13:57 11:05 14:04 10:59 14:11 10:53 14:17 Sun: 11:59 19:38 11:41 21:26 11:26 23:07 11:12 00:45 10:58 00:45 10:42 02:27 Moon: During the last 12 hours the minimum air temperature ( -14 oC +7 oF ) was observed in Qaanaaq (airport). 2 hours ago, the maximum air temperature ( -7 oC +19 oF ) was observed in Nuussuaq. Aasiaat (weather station 04220) Qaanaaq (airport)	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line122
__label__wiki	0.650772	0.650772	Home > Europe and the Mediterranean > Montpellier The world of Ramon Llull Live of Ramon Llull Ramon Llull: Aspects Ramon Llull: contemporary figures Route Ramon Llull in Majorca Europe and the Mediterranean Ramon Llull: literary work Reading Ramon Llull Traveling in the Middle Ages Lesser Armenia RAMON LLULL IN MONTPELLIER Ramon Llull ended up in Montpellier on several occasions to visit Jaime II, King of Mallorca, Count of Roussillon and Cerdanya and lord of Montpellier, who had his residence in this city. Llull made his first trip to the city in 1275 aiming to ask the then Prince for his help to build a school for eastern languages in Miramar (Mallorca). In 1283 he is again in Montpellier where he writes Ars demonstrative and the main part of Blanquerna. In 1289, also in Montpellier, he drafts the Ars inventive veritatis and visits the general minister of the Franciscan order, Ramon Jofre (or Gaufre), who the following year grants Llull permission to visit the Franciscan convents of Rome and Pula (southeast of Italy). Again he settles in the Provencal city between October 1303 and February 1304; it is when he writes the Disputatio fidei et intellectus, perhaps remembering the recent discussions of Cyprus and Lesser Armenia (1301-1302). After a one month trip to Genoa, he writes Liber de ascenso et descendu intellectus and the Liber de fine, completed in 1305. From May 1308 until the autumn of 1309 Llull takes refuge again in Montpellier, where he returns in May 1312 to in July travel to his native Mallorca. His teaching in Montpellier, University City, is important but what is impressive is the amount of work written there: forty. MONTPELLIER, THEN AND NOW Montpellier is the capital of the department of Herault, in the region of Languedoc-Roussillon, in the south of France. It is located twelve kilometres from the coast. Its origins are not Roman; it was founded between the 8th and 10th centuries and acquired great commercial importance during its historical association with the Catalan-Aragonese Crown (1204-1350). It was the birth place of Jaime I the Conqueror, who considered “the best city in the universe” and residence of his son, Jaime II, King of Mallorca. From the 12th century Montpellier obtained great renown for the trading of exotic spices and the produce of a spiced wine, the “garhiofilatum”. In 1382 the city was finally incorporated to the French Crown. In the Middle Ages, Montpellier was surrounded by strong walls that Cardinal Richelieu (1585-1642) ordered to be demolish; of that era the towers of Pines (12th -14th centuries) and Babotte (14th century) are still preserved. The cathedral of Saint-Pierre (14th century) most notable for its twin church towers. The University of Montpellier, founded in 1220, is one of the oldest in France (especially its medical school); was home to scholars of all faiths and in it studied Nostradamus, François Rabelais, Arnau de Vilanova and Ramon Llull himself. Lullian places Map of Catalonia with Ramon Llull Ramon Llull quotations «With rage, the will looses the freedom and the deliberation looses the understanding» Messages about Ramon Llull Ramon Llull has been considered by some an alchemist, a medieval science that he never practiced. Latest creations	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line123
__label__wiki	0.844844	0.844844	United StatesItalyUnited KingdomGermanyBrazilChinaGreeceSpainCanadaSwedenJapanFranceCzechiaRussiaSouth KoreaIndiaPolandAustraliaNorwayMexicoNetherlandsTurkeyIrelandArgentinaSingaporeDenmarkBelgiumRomaniaSwitzerlandSerbiaFinlandPortugalCroatiaHong KongCyprusPhilippinesIndonesiaVietnamColombiaSaudi ArabiaSouth AfricaTaiwanChileVenezuelaIsraelUnited Arab EmiratesBulgariaThailandAustriaBosnia and HerzegovinaMalaysiaPeruEgyptSlovakiaUkraineSloveniaPakistanEcuadorHungaryMoldovaIranMoroccoNew ZealandBoliviaPuerto RicoUruguayCosta RicaDominican RepublicAlgeriaAlbaniaNorth MacedoniaMaltaLithuaniaBelarusTrinidad and TobagoMontenegroEstoniaArmeniaLuxembourgGuernseyTunisiaIcelandCambodiaGeorgiaSan MarinoJamaicaNigeriaLebanonKuwaitKenyaHondurasAzerbaijanUzbekistanKazakhstanIraqUgandaMauritaniaParaguayNepalMongoliaBurmaBarbadosGhanaMacauMozambiqueJordanIsle of ManPanamaBahrainCubaQatarMauritiusGuatemalaLaosAntigua and BarbudaSenegalAndorraAngolaNicaraguaBotswanaTanzaniaYemenCote d'IvoireEritreaLibyaBeninMonacoTogoDominicaNigerBangladeshSaint Vincent and the GrenadinesNamibiaGuadeloupeGibraltarEl SalvadorFrench GuianaSolomon IslandsLatviaGuamCameroonSri LankaNetherlands Antilles United Kingdom Population: 65,105,246 The United Kingdom has historically played a leading role in developing parliamentary democracy and in advancing literature and science. At its zenith in the 19th century, the British Empire stretched over one-fourth of the earth's surface. The first half of the 20th century saw the UK's strength seriously depleted in two world wars and the Irish Republic's withdrawal from the union. The second half witnessed the dismantling of the Empire and the UK rebuilding itself into a modern and prosperous European nation. As one of five permanent members of the UN Security Council and a founding member of NATO and the Commonwealth, the UK pursues a global approach to foreign policy. The Scottish Parliament, the National Assembly for Wales, and the Northern Ireland Assembly were established in 1998. The UK has been an active member of the EU since its accession in 1973, although it chose to remain outside the Economic and Monetary Union. However, motivated in part by frustration at a remote bureaucracy in Brussels and massive migration into the country, UK citizens on 23 June 2016 narrowly voted to leave the EU. The UK and the EU are currently negotiating the terms of the UK's withdrawal and a framework for their future relationship ahead of the UK's scheduled departure from the bloc on 31 October 2019. Lies near vital North Atlantic sea lanes; only 35 km from France and linked by tunnel under the English Channel (the Channel Tunnel or Chunnel); because of heavily indented coastline, no location is more than 125 km from tidal waters Location: Western Europe, islands - including the northern one-sixth of the island of Ireland - between the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea; northwest of France Geographic coordinates: 54 00 N, 2 00 W water: 1,680 sq km note 1: the percentage area breakdown of the four UK countries is: England 53%, Scotland 32%, Wales 9%, and Northern Ireland 6% note 2: includes Rockall and the Shetland Islands, which are part of Scotland Size comparison: twice the size of Pennsylvania; slightly smaller than Oregon Land Boundaries: total: 490 km border countries (1): Ireland 490 km continental shelf: as defined in continental shelf orders or in accordance with agreed upon boundaries exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm Climate: temperate; moderated by prevailing southwest winds over the North Atlantic Current; more than one-half of the days are overcast Terrain: mostly rugged hills and low mountains; level to rolling plains in east and southeast Natural resources: coal, petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, lead, zinc, gold, tin, limestone, salt, clay, chalk, gypsum, potash, silica sand, slate, arable land Land use: agricultural land: 71% (2011 est.) arable land: 25.1% (2011 est.) Natural hazards: winter windstorms; floods Current Environment Issues: air pollution improved but remains a concern, particularly in the London region; soil pollution from pesticides and heavy metals; decline in marine and coastal habitats brought on by pressures from housing, tourism, and industry International Environment Agreements: party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling Nationality: noun: Briton(s), British (collective plural) adjective: British Ethnic groups: white 87.2%, black/African/Caribbean/black British 3%, Asian/Asian British: Indian 2.3%, Asian/Asian British: Pakistani 1.9%, mixed 2%, other 3.7% (2011 est.) Languages: English, Scottish Gaelic (about 60,000 speakers in Scotland), Welsh (about 20% of the population of Wales), Irish (about 10% of the population of Northern Ireland), Cornish (some 2,000 to 3,000 people in Cornwall) (2012 est.) note: the following are recognized regional languages: Scots (about 30% of the population of Scotland) Religions: Christian (includes Anglican, Roman Catholic, Presbyterian, Methodist) 59.5%, Muslim 4.4%, Hindu 1.3%, other 2%, unspecified 7.2%, none 25.7% (2011 est.) Population: 65,105,246 United Kingdom (July 2018 est.) constituent countries by percentage of total population: England 84% Scotland 8% Wales 5% Northern Ireland 3% Birth rate: 12 births/1,000 population (2018 est.) Major urban areas - population: 9.046 million LONDON (capital) 2.69 million Manchester 2.57 million Birmingham 1.864 million West Yorkshire 1.661 million Glasgow 912,000 Southampton/Portsmouth (2018) Mother's mean age at first birth: 28.5 years (2014 est.) note: data represent England and Wales only Literacy: Country name: conventional long form: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; note - the island of Great Britain includes England, Scotland, and Wales conventional short form: United Kingdom abbreviation: UK etymology: self-descriptive country name; the designation "Great Britain," in the sense of "Larger Britain," dates back to medieval times and was used to distinguish the island from "Little Britain," or Brittany in modern France; the name Ireland derives from the Gaelic "Eriu," the matron goddess of Ireland (goddess of the land) Government type: parliamentary constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm Capital: name: London note: applies to the United Kingdom proper, not to its crown dependencies or overseas territories Administrative divisions: England: 27 two-tier counties, 32 London boroughs and 1 City of London or Greater London, 36 metropolitan districts, 56 unitary authorities (including 4 single-tier counties); two-tier counties: Buckinghamshire, Cambridgeshire, Cumbria, Derbyshire, Devon, Dorset, East Sussex, Essex, Gloucestershire, Hampshire, Hertfordshire, Kent, Lancashire, Leicestershire, Lincolnshire, Norfolk, North Yorkshire, Northamptonshire, Nottinghamshire, Oxfordshire, Somerset, Staffordshire, Suffolk, Surrey, Warwickshire, West Sussex, Worcestershire; London boroughs and City of London or Greater London: Barking and Dagenham, Barnet, Bexley, Brent, Bromley, Camden, Croydon, Ealing, Enfield, Greenwich, Hackney, Hammersmith and Fulham, Haringey, Harrow, Havering, Hillingdon, Hounslow, Islington, Kensington and Chelsea, Kingston upon Thames, Lambeth, Lewisham, City of London, Merton, Newham, Redbridge, Richmond upon Thames, Southwark, Sutton, Tower Hamlets, Waltham Forest, Wandsworth, Westminster; metropolitan districts: Barnsley, Birmingham, Bolton, Bradford, Bury, Calderdale, Coventry, Doncaster, Dudley, Gateshead, Kirklees, Knowlsey, Leeds, Liverpool, Manchester, Newcastle upon Tyne, North Tyneside, Oldham, Rochdale, Rotherham, Salford, Sandwell, Sefton, Sheffield, Solihull, South Tyneside, St. Helens, Stockport, Sunderland, Tameside, Trafford, Wakefield, Walsall, Wigan, Wirral, Wolverhampton; unitary authorities: Bath and North East Somerset, Blackburn with Darwen, Bedford, Blackpool, Bournemouth, Bracknell Forest, Brighton and Hove, City of Bristol, Central Bedfordshire, Cheshire East, Cheshire West and Chester, Cornwall, Darlington, Derby, Durham County, East Riding of Yorkshire, Halton, Hartlepool, Herefordshire, Isle of Wight, Isles of Scilly, City of Kingston upon Hull, Leicester, Luton, Medway, Middlesbrough, Milton Keynes, North East Lincolnshire, North Lincolnshire, North Somerset, Northumberland*, Nottingham, Peterborough, Plymouth, Poole, Portsmouth, Reading, Redcar and Cleveland, Rutland, Shropshire, Slough, South Gloucestershire, Southampton, Southend-on-Sea, Stockton-on-Tees, Stoke-on-Trent, Swindon, Telford and Wrekin, Thurrock, Torbay, Warrington, West Berkshire, Wiltshire, Windsor and Maidenhead, Wokingham, York; Northern Ireland: 5 borough councils, 4 district councils, 2 city councils; borough councils: Antrim and Newtownabbey; Ards and North Down; Armagh City, Banbridge, and Craigavon; Causeway Coast and Glens; Mid and East Antrim; district councils: Derry City and Strabane; Fermanagh and Omagh; Mid Ulster; Newry, Murne, and Down; city councils: Belfast; Lisburn and Castlereagh; Scotland: 32 council areas; council areas: Aberdeen City, Aberdeenshire, Angus, Argyll and Bute, Clackmannanshire, Dumfries and Galloway, Dundee City, East Ayrshire, East Dunbartonshire, East Lothian, East Renfrewshire, City of Edinburgh, Eilean Siar (Western Isles), Falkirk, Fife, Glasgow City, Highland, Inverclyde, Midlothian, Moray, North Ayrshire, North Lanarkshire, Orkney Islands, Perth and Kinross, Renfrewshire, Shetland Islands, South Ayrshire, South Lanarkshire, Stirling, The Scottish Borders, West Dunbartonshire, West Lothian Wales: 22 unitary authorities; unitary authorities: Blaenau Gwent, Bridgend, Caerphilly, Cardiff, Carmarthenshire, Ceredigion, Conwy, Denbighshire, Flintshire, Gwynedd, Isle of Anglesey, Merthyr Tydfil, Monmouthshire, Neath Port Talbot, Newport, Pembrokeshire, Powys, Rhondda Cynon Taff, Swansea, The Vale of Glamorgan, Torfaen, Wrexham Dependent areas: Anguilla, Bermuda, British Indian Ocean Territory, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Falkland Islands, Gibraltar, Montserrat, Pitcairn Islands, Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, Turks and Caicos Islands Independence: no official date of independence: 927 (minor English kingdoms united); 3 March 1284 (enactment of the Statute of Rhuddlan uniting England and Wales); 1536 (Act of Union formally incorporates England and Wales); 1 May 1707 (Acts of Union formally unite England, Scotland, and Wales as Great Britain); 1 January 1801 (Acts of Union formally unite Great Britain and Ireland as the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland); 6 December 1921 (Anglo-Irish Treaty formalizes partition of Ireland; six counties remain part of the United Kingdom and Northern Ireland); 12 April 1927 (Royal and Parliamentary Titles Act establishes current name of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland) National holiday: the UK does not celebrate one particular national holiday Constitution: history: unwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and practice amendments: proposed as a bill for an Act of Parliament by the government, by the House of Commons, or by the House of Lords; passage requires agreement by both houses and by the monarch (Royal Assent); note - additions include the Human Rights Act of 1998, the Constitutional Reform and Governance Act 2010, the Parliamentary Voting System and Constituencies Act 2011, the Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011, and the House of Lords (Expulsion and Suspension) Act 2015 (2016) Legal system: common law system; has nonbinding judicial review of Acts of Parliament under the Human Rights Act of 1998 Executive branch: chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); Heir Apparent Prince CHARLES (son of the queen, born 14 November 1948) head of government: Prime Minister Boris JOHNSON (Conservative) (since 24 July 2019); note - Prime Minister Theresa MAY announced her resignation to be effective after the election of a new Conservative Party leader in July cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the prime minister elections/appointments: the monarchy is hereditary; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually becomes the prime minister; election last held on 8 June 2017 (next to be held by 5 May 2022) note: in addition to serving as the UK head of state, the British sovereign is the constitutional monarch for 15 additional Commonwealth countries (these 16 states are each referred to as a Commonwealth realm) Legislative branch: description: bicameral Parliament consists of: House of Lords (membership not fixed; as of May 2018, 780 lords were eligible to participate in the work of the House of Lords - 664 life peers, 90 hereditary peers, and 26 clergy; members are appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister and non-party political members recommended by the House of Lords Appointments Commission); note - House of Lords total does not include ineligible members or members on leave of absence House of Commons (650 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority popular vote to serve 5-year terms unless the House is dissolved earlier) elections: House of Lords - no elections; note - in 1999, as provided by the House of Lords Act, elections were held in the House of Lords to determine the 92 hereditary peers who would remain; elections held only as vacancies in the hereditary peerage arise) House of Commons - last held on 8 June 2017 (next to be held by 5 May 2022) election results: House of Lords - composition - men 583, women 208, percent of women 26.3% House of Commons - percent of vote by party - Conservative 48.8%, Labor 40.3%, SNP 5.4%, Lib Dems 1.8%, DUP 1.5%, Sinn Fein 1.1%, Plaid Cymru 0.6%,other 0.6%; seats by party - Conservative 317, Labor 262, SNP 35, Lib Dems 12, DUP 10, Sinn Fein 7, Plaid Cymru 4, other 3; composition - men 442, women 208, percent of women 32%; total Parliament percent of women 28.9% Judicial branch: highest courts: Supreme Court (consists of 12 justices, including the court president and deputy president); note - the Supreme Court was established by the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 and implemented in October 2009, replacing the Appellate Committee of the House of Lords as the highest court in the United Kingdom judge selection and term of office: judge candidates selected by an independent committee of several judicial commissions, followed by their recommendations to the prime minister, and appointed by the monarch; justices serve for life subordinate courts: England and Wales: Court of Appeal (civil and criminal divisions); High Court; Crown Court; County Courts; Magistrates' Courts; Scotland: Court of Sessions; Sheriff Courts; High Court of Justiciary; tribunals; Northern Ireland: Court of Appeal in Northern Ireland; High Court; county courts; magistrates' courts; specialized tribunals Political parties and leaders: Alliance Party (Northern Ireland) [Naomi LONG] Brexit Party [Nigel FARAGE] Conservative and Unionist Party [Boris JOHNSON] Democratic Unionist Party or DUP (Northern Ireland) [Arlene FOSTER] Green Party of England and Wales or Greens [Sian BERRY and Jonathan BARTLEY] Labor (Labour) Party [Jeremy CORBYN] Liberal Democrats (Lib Dems) [Jo SWINSON] Party of Wales (Plaid Cymru) [Adam PRICE] Scottish National Party or SNP [Nicola STURGEON] Sinn Fein (Northern Ireland) [Mary Lou MCDONALD] Social Democratic and Labor Party or SDLP (Northern Ireland) [Colum EASTWOOD] Ulster Unionist Party or UUP (Northern Ireland) [Robin SWANN] UK Independence Party or UKIP [Piers WAUCHOPE, interim leader] International organization participation: ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council (observer), Australia Group, BIS, C, CBSS (observer), CD, CDB, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EITI (implementing country), ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, G-5, G-7, G-8, G-10, G-20, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSMA, MONUSCO, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club, PCA, PIF (partner), SELEC (observer), SICA (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNMISS, UNRWA, UN Security Council (permanent), UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC National symbol(s): lion (Britain in general); lion, Tudor rose, oak (England); lion, unicorn, thistle (Scotland); dragon, daffodil, leek (Wales); shamrock, flax (Northern Ireland); national colors: red, white, blue (Britain in general); red, white (England); blue, white (Scotland); red, white, green (Wales) National anthem: name: God Save the Queen lyrics/music: unknown note: in use since 1745; by tradition, the song serves as both the national and royal anthem of the UK; it is known as either "God Save the Queen" or "God Save the King," depending on the gender of the reigning monarch; it also serves as the royal anthem of many Commonwealth nations Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Michael TATHAM (since 10 July 2019); note - Ambassador Sir Nigel Kim DARROCH (since 28 January 2016) resigned on 10 July 2019) consulate(s) general: Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Denver, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, San Francisco consulate(s): Orlando (FL), San Juan (Puerto Rico) Diplomatic representation from the US: chief of mission: Ambassador Robert Wood (Woody) JOHNSON IV (since 29 August 2017) embassy: 33 Nine Elms Lane, London, SW11 7US United Kingdom mailing address: PSC 801, Box 40, FPO AE 09498-4040 telephone: [44] 20-7499-9000 FAX: [44] 20-7891-3151 consulate(s) general: Belfast, Edinburgh The UK, a leading trading power and financial center, is the third largest economy in Europe after Germany and France. Agriculture is intensive, highly mechanized, and efficient by European standards, producing about 60% of food needs with less than 2% of the labor force. The UK has large coal, natural gas, and oil resources, but its oil and natural gas reserves are declining; the UK has been a net importer of energy since 2005. Services, particularly banking, insurance, and business services, are key drivers of British GDP growth. Manufacturing, meanwhile, has declined in importance but still accounts for about 10% of economic output. In 2008, the global financial crisis hit the economy particularly hard, due to the importance of its financial sector. Falling home prices, high consumer debt, and the global economic slowdown compounded the UK’s economic problems, pushing the economy into recession in the latter half of 2008 and prompting the then BROWN (Labour) government to implement a number of measures to stimulate the economy and stabilize the financial markets. Facing burgeoning public deficits and debt levels, in 2010 the then CAMERON-led coalition government (between Conservatives and Liberal Democrats) initiated an austerity program, which has continued under the Conservative government. However, the deficit still remains one of the highest in the G7, standing at 3.6% of GDP as of 2017, and the UK has pledged to lower its corporation tax from 20% to 17% by 2020. The UK had a debt burden of 90.4% GDP at the end of 2017. The UK economy has begun to slow since the referendum vote to leave the EU in June 2016. A sustained depreciation of the British pound has increased consumer and producer prices, weighing on consumer spending without spurring a meaningful increase in exports. The UK has an extensive trade relationship with other EU members through its single market membership, and economic observers have warned the exit will jeopardize its position as the central location for European financial services. Prime Minister MAY is seeking a new "deep and special" trade relationship with the EU following the UK’s exit. However, economists doubt that the UK will be able to preserve the benefits of EU membership without the obligations. The UK is expected to officially leave the EU by the end of March 2019. Gross national saving: 13.6% of GDP (2017 est.) 12% of GDP (2016 est.) 12.3% of GDP (2015 est.) GDP - composition, by end use: household consumption: 65.8% (2017 est.) government consumption: 18.3% (2017 est.) investment in fixed capital: 17.2% (2017 est.) investment in inventories: 0.2% (2017 est.) exports of goods and services: 30.2% (2017 est.) imports of goods and services: -31.5% (2017 est.) GDP - composition, by sector of origin: agriculture: 0.7% (2017 est.) industry: 20.2% (2017 est.) services: 79.2% (2017 est.) Agriculture - products: cereals, oilseed, potatoes, vegetables; cattle, sheep, poultry; fish; milk, eggs Industries: machine tools, electric power equipment, automation equipment, railroad equipment, shipbuilding, aircraft, motor vehicles and parts, electronics and communications equipment, metals, chemicals, coal, petroleum, paper and paper products, food processing, textiles, clothing, other consumer goods services: 83.5% (2014 est.) Budget: revenues: 1.028 trillion (2017 est.) expenditures: 1.079 trillion (2017 est.) note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions Fiscal year: 6 April - 5 April Current account balance: -$99.21 billion (2017 est.) -$139.3 billion (2016 est.) Exports - commodities: manufactured goods, fuels, chemicals; food, beverages, tobacco Exports - partners: US 13.2%, Germany 10.5%, France 7.4%, Netherlands 6.2%, Ireland 5.6%, China 4.8%, Switzerland 4.5% (2017) Imports: $615.9 billion (2017 est.) $591 billion (2016 est.) Imports - commodities: manufactured goods, machinery, fuels; foodstuffs Imports - partners: Germany 13.7%, US 9.5%, China 9.3%, Netherlands 8%, France 5.4%, Belgium 5% (2017) Debt - external: $8.126 trillion (31 March 2016 est.) $8.642 trillion (31 March 2015 est.) Stock of direct foreign investment - at home: $2.078 trillion (31 December 2017 est.) $1.858 trillion (31 December 2016 est.) Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad: $2.11 trillion (31 December 2017 est.) $1.611 trillion (31 December 2016 est.) Market value of publicly traded shares: $3.019 trillion (31 December 2012 est.) $2.903 trillion (31 December 2011 est.) $3.107 trillion (31 December 2010 est.) Exchange rates: British pounds (GBP) per US dollar - 0.7836 (2017 est.) 0.738 (2016 est.) 0.738 (2015 est.) 0.607 (2014 est.) 0.6391 (2013 est.) Electricity - exports: 2.153 billion kWh (2016 est.) Electricity - imports: 19.7 billion kWh (2016 est.) Crude oil - production: 910,500 bbl/day (2017 est.) Crude oil - exports: 710,600 bbl/day (2017 est.) Crude oil - proved reserves: 2.069 billion bbl (1 January 2018 est.) Refined petroleum products - production: 1.29 million bbl/day (2017 est.) Refined petroleum products - consumption: 1.584 million bbl/day (2017 est.) Natural gas - production: 42.11 billion cu m (2017 est.) Natural gas - consumption: 79.17 billion cu m (2017 est.) Natural gas - exports: 11.27 billion cu m (2017 est.) Natural gas - imports: 47 billion cu m (2017 est.) Natural gas - proved reserves: 176 billion cu m (1 January 2018 est.) Telephone system: general assessment: technologically advanced domestic and international system; one of the largest markets in Europe for revenue and subscribers; will complete the switch to fibre by 2025; mobile penetration above the EU average; govt funding for trial 5G technologies; FttP provided to over million customers; super-fast broadband available to about 95% of customers (2018) domestic: equal mix of buried cables, microwave radio relay, and fiber-optic systems; fixed-line 50 per 100 and mobile-cellular 121 per 100 (2018) international: country code - 44; numerous submarine cables provide links throughout Europe, Asia, Australia, the Middle East, and US; satellite earth stations - 10 Intelsat (7 Atlantic Ocean and 3 Indian Ocean), 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic Ocean region), and 1 Eutelsat; at least 8 large international switching centers Broadcast media: public service broadcaster, British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), is the largest broadcasting corporation in the world; BBC operates multiple TV networks with regional and local TV service; a mixed system of public and commercial TV broadcasters along with satellite and cable systems provide access to hundreds of TV stations throughout the world; BBC operates multiple national, regional, and local radio networks with multiple transmission sites; a large number of commercial radio stations, as well as satellite radio services are available (2018) Internet country code: .uk Pipelines: 502 km condensate, 9 km condensate/gas, 28603 km gas, 59 km liquid petroleum gas, 5256 km oil, 175 km oil/gas/water, 4919 km refined products, 255 km water (2013) (2015) standard gauge: 16,534 km 1.435-m gauge (5,357 km electrified) (2015) broad gauge: 303 km 1.600-m gauge (in Northern Ireland) (2015) (2009) paved: 394,428 km (includes 3,519 km of expressways) (2009) Waterways: 3,200 km (620 km used for commerce) (2009) by type: bulk carrier 129, container ship 109, general cargo 162, oil tanker 177, other 993 (2018) Ports and terminals: major seaport(s): Dover, Felixstowe, Immingham, Liverpool, London, Southampton, Teesport (England); Forth Ports (Scotland); Milford Haven (Wales) oil terminal(s): Fawley Marine terminal, Liverpool Bay terminal (England); Braefoot Bay terminal, Finnart oil terminal, Hound Point terminal (Scotland) container port(s) (TEUs): Felixstowe (3,849,700), London (2,431,000), Southampton (2,040,000) (2017) LNG terminal(s) (import): Isle of Grain, Milford Haven, Teesside Military branches: Army, Royal Navy (includes Royal Marines), Royal Air Force (2013) Military service age and obligation: 16-33 years of age (officers 17-28) for voluntary military service (with parental consent under 18); no conscription; women serve in military services including ground combat roles; must be citizen of the UK, Commonwealth, or Republic of Ireland; reservists serve a minimum of 3 years, to age 45 or 55; 17 years 6 months of age for voluntary military service by Nepalese citizens in the Brigade of Gurkhas; 16-34 years of age for voluntary military service by Papua New Guinean citizens (2016) Military expenditures: 2.2% of GDP (2016) 2.05% of GDP (2015) 2.22% of GDP (2014) 2.25% of GDP (2013) 2.51% of GDP (2012) Disputes - International: in 2002, Gibraltar residents voted overwhelmingly by referendum to reject any "shared sovereignty" arrangement between the UK and Spain; the Government of Gibraltar insisted on equal participation in talks between the two countries; Spain disapproved of UK plans to grant Gibraltar greater autonomy; Mauritius and Seychelles claim the Chagos Archipelago (British Indian Ocean Territory); in 2001, the former inhabitants of the archipelago, evicted 1967 - 1973, were granted UK citizenship and the right of return, followed by Orders in Council in 2004 that banned rehabitation, a High Court ruling reversed the ban, a Court of Appeal refusal to hear the case, and a Law Lords' decision in 2008 denied the right of return; in addition, the UK created the world's largest marine protection area around the Chagos islands prohibiting the extraction of any natural resources therein; UK rejects sovereignty talks requested by Argentina, which still claims the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands; territorial claim in Antarctica (British Antarctic Territory) overlaps Argentine claim and partially overlaps Chilean claim; Iceland, the UK, and Ireland dispute Denmark's claim that the Faroe Islands' continental shelf extends beyond 200 nm Refugees and internally displaced persons: refugees (country of origin): 17,231 (Iran), 13,041 (Eritrea), 9,839 (Afghanistan), 9,720 (Syria), 8,959 (Sudan), 7,742 (Pakistan), 6,772 (Zimbabwe), 5,711 (Sri Lanka) (2018) stateless persons: 125 (2018) Illicit drugs: producer of limited amounts of synthetic drugs and synthetic precursor chemicals; major consumer of Southwest Asian heroin, Latin American cocaine, and synthetic drugs; money-laundering center United StatesItalyUnited KingdomGermanyBrazilChinaGreeceSpainCanadaSwedenJapanFranceCzechiaRussiaSouth KoreaIndiaPolandAustraliaNorwayMexicoNetherlandsTurkeyIrelandArgentinaSingaporeDenmarkBelgiumRomaniaSwitzerlandSerbiaFinlandPortugalCroatiaHong KongCyprusPhilippinesIndonesiaVietnamColombiaSaudi ArabiaSouth AfricaTaiwanChileVenezuelaIsraelUnited Arab EmiratesBulgariaThailandAustriaBosnia and HerzegovinaMalaysiaPeruEgyptSlovakiaUkraineSloveniaPakistanEcuadorHungaryMoldovaIranMoroccoNew ZealandBoliviaPuerto RicoUruguayCosta RicaDominican RepublicAlgeriaAlbaniaNorth MacedoniaMaltaLithuaniaBelarusTrinidad and TobagoMontenegroEstoniaArmeniaLuxembourgGuernseyTunisiaIcelandCambodiaGeorgiaSan MarinoJamaicaNigeriaLebanonKuwaitKenyaHondurasAzerbaijanUzbekistanKazakhstanIraqUgandaMauritaniaParaguayNepalMongoliaBurmaBarbadosGhanaMacauMozambiqueJordanIsle of ManPanamaBahrainCubaQatarMauritiusGuatemalaLaosAntigua and BarbudaSenegalAndorraAngolaNicaraguaBotswanaTanzaniaYemenCote d'IvoireEritreaLibyaBeninMonacoTogoDominicaNigerBangladeshSaint Vincent and the GrenadinesNamibiaGuadeloupeGibraltarEl SalvadorFrench GuianaSolomon IslandsLatviaGuamCameroonSri LankaNetherlands Antilles « Previous Country \| Next Country » Back to Flag Counter Overview	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line124
__label__wiki	0.779318	0.779318	Rhythm (Greek ρυθμός = tempo) is the variation of the duration of sounds or other events over time. When governed by rule, it is called meter. It is inherent in any time-dependent medium, but it is most associated with music, dance, and the majority of poetry. The study of rhythm, stress, and pitch in speech is called prosody; it is a topic in linguistics. All musicians, instrumentalists and vocalists, work with rhythm, but it is often considered the primary domain of drummers and percussionists. In Western music, rhythms are usually arranged with respect to a time signature, partially signifying a meter. The speed of the underlying pulse, called the beat, is the tempo. The tempo is usually measured in 'beats per minute' (bpm); 60 bpm means a speed of one beat per second. The length of the meter, or metric unit (usually corresponding with measure length), is divided almost exclusively into either two or three beats, being called duple meter and triple meter, respectively. If each beat is further divided by two it is simple meter, if by three compound meter. Some genres of music make different use of rhythm than others. Most Western music is based on divisive rhythm, while non-Western music uses more additive rhythm. African music makes heavy use of polyrhythms, and Indian music uses complex cycles such as 7 and 13, while Balinese music often uses complex interlocking rhythms. By comparison, a lot of Western classical music is fairly rhythmically simple; it stays in a simple meter such as 4/4 or 3/4 and makes little use of syncopation. In the 20th century, composers like Igor Stravinsky, Philip Glass, and Steve Reich wrote more rhythmically complex music using odd meters, and techniques such as phasing and additive rhythm. At the same time, modernists such as Olivier Messiaen and his pupils used increased complexity to disrupt the sense of a regular beat, leading eventually to the widespread use of irrational rhythms in New Complexity. LaMonte Young also wrote music in which the sense of a regular beat is absent because the music consists only of long sustained tones (drones). Clave is a common underlying rhythm in African, Cuban music, and Brazilian music. A rhythm section generally consists of percussion instruments, and possibly chordal instruments (e.g., guitar, banjo) and keyboard instruments, such as piano (which, by the way, may be classified in any of these three types of instruments). "Rhythm," wrote Tom Robbins in Another Roadside Attraction, "is everything pertaining to the duration of energy." Narmour (1980, p.147-53) describes three categories of prosodic rules which create rhythmic successions which are additive (same duration repeated), cumulative (short-long), or countercumulative (long-short). Cumulation is associated with closure or relaxation, countercumulation with openness or tension, while additive rhythms are open-ended and repetitive. Richard Middleton points out this method cannot account for syncopation and suggests the concept of transformation. A rhythmic unit is a durational pattern which occupies a period of time equivalent to a pulse or pulses on an underlying metric level, as opposed to a rhythmic gesture which does not (DeLone et. al. (Eds.), 1975, chap. 3). DeLone et. al. (Eds.) (1975). Aspects of Twentieth-Century Music. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. ISBN 0130493465. Middleton, Richard (1990/2002). Studying Popular Music. Philadelphia: Open University Press. ISBN 0335152759. Narmour (1980). drum beat Research group specializing in rhythm, timing and tempo, University of Amsterdam (http://www.hum.uva.nl/mmm/)da:Rytme de:Rhythmus es:Ritmo ko:리듬 it:Ritmo (musica) he:משקל (מוזיקה) nl:Ritme ja:リズム pl:Rytm pt:Ritmo zh:节奏 Retrieved from "http://search.academickids.com/encyclopedia/index.php/Rhythm" Categories: Rhythm	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line125
__label__cc	0.662667	0.337333	Speakers & Artists Published by kmcdonald@apra.com.au at March 11, 2019 CASH SAVAGE Country-blues musician Cash Savage is a Melbourne institution. Joined by her band the Last Drinks, their latest album Good Citizens doesn’t pull any punches. Cash’s songwriting […].... GREG WALKER Greg J. Walker has produced and engineered a long list of albums from ARIA winners Paul Kelly and C.W. Stoneking, Jen Cloher and Jess Ribiero to […].... JAKE MASON Jake Mason is a Melbourne based, ARIA-nominated songwriter, producer, educator and touring artist with over twenty years experience in the Australian music industry. A graduate of […].... RYAN RIBACK Melbourne-based producer, remixer, and artist Ryan Riback spent his formative years in the club / house scene, but has found his true passion from a fusion […].... © 2019 The Melbourne Sessions.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line128
__label__wiki	0.789262	0.789262	December 21, 1917 - Closure of the Kevorkian Lyceum In the nineteenth century, the Armenian Church did not have an institution that provided superior religious education and prepared its future members. At the beginning of his tenure, Catholicos Kevork IV (1866-1882) met Russian czar Alexander II (1855-1881) and asked for permission to found such an institution. The construction of the lyceum (jemaran) started on May 25, 1869 and the grand opening was held five years later, on September 28, 1875. The bylaws approved by the Ministry of Education of the Russian Empire in the same year established that the lyceum would have two sections: a six-year school and a three-year auditory, and would provide higher religious education. After the death of the Catholicos, the lyceum was named in his honor. Despite many efforts, Kevork IV did not see any graduate becoming a celibate priest during his tenure. A secularist spirit predominated in the lyceum. His successor Magar I (1885-1891) played an important role to redirect the institution into its actual purpose. He invited a qualified faculty, which included Bishop Maghakia Ormanian, future Armenian Patriarch of Constantinople. The latter became the teacher of theological subjects, and thanks to his efforts, four graduates were consecrated celibate priests in 1888. The level education at the lyceum was quite high. At the school level, the following subjects were taught: Armenian history and geography, general history and geography, ancient Armenian literature, Armenian and foreign (Russian, French, German) languages, natural sciences, astronomy, mathematics, the Bible, religious music, logics, etc. The auditory section included Armenian language (Classical and Modern), Armenian history, religious literature, Armenian literature, European literature, philosophy, psychology, pedagogy, political economy, history of the Armenian Church, Armenian religious law, ritual studies, ancient Greek, etcetera. The graduates presented final essays, which were defended before an examining committee and then they became clerics or continued their higher studies in Russian and European universities. At the beginning of the twentieth century, the lyceum had 20 paying students and 230 others with scholarships. It was maintained through the incomes of the monastery of Holy Etchmiadzin, as well as fundraisers and donations. The Catholicos was the principal, who followed the activities of the lyceum through the Educational Council and the dean. The deans included Bishop Gabriel Ayvazovsky (brother of the famous painter), Rev. Garegin Hovsepiants (future Catholicos of Cilicia), Rev. Mesrop Ter-Movsisyan, and other names, generally but not exclusively ecclesiastics. Among the teachers of the Kevorkian lyceum were such luminaries of Armenian culture as Manuk Abeghian, Hrachia Ajarian, Leo, Stepan Lisitsian, Gomidas, Hakob Manandian, and many others. Those teachers were partly graduates of the same lyceum. Within the frame of the lyceum there was an intensive intellectual activity: preparation of Armenian schools programs, writing of textbooks and handbooks, as well as many historiographic, philological, pedagogical, and theological works. The faculties of the Armenian schools of the Caucasus were filled by graduates of the Kevorkian lyceum for more than half a century. Due to the political and military unfavorable conditions at the end of 1917, Catholicos Kevork V (1911-1930) decided to cease temporarily the activities of the lyceum on December 21, 1917. Attempts to reopen the Kevorkian Lyceum during the first independent Republic did not succeed. The unique and rich collection of its library (45,000 volumes) became one of the starting points of the collections of the National Library of Armenia and the Matenadaran. The Etchmiadzin lyceum was finally reopened in 1945 and continues its activities until today. Labels: Armenian Church, Armenian history, Gevorkian Jemaran, Kevorkian Lyceum, Soviet Armenia December 14, 1861: Foundation of the Oriental Theater The 1850s became a period of cultural awakening for the Western Armenian centers of Constantinople and Smyrna. Many young people were getting their higher education and bringing back new ideas with them. Armenians and Greeks used to be the carriers of European innovation in the Ottoman Empire. Theater was among those innovations. Patriotic plays in Classical Armenian and comedies in Turkish were developing the interest for theater among the public. The Altunduri (Altunian) brothers headed the formation of a theatrical committee at the beginning of 1861 in Constantinople. Arakel and Stepan Altunduri knew good French and made several translations, but above all, they had the financial means to organize theater performances. The theatrical committee would become the founder of the first Armenian professional drama theater in modern times. They rented a building that belonged to Holy Trinity Armenian Church in Pera (nowadays Beyoglu), which was called Cafe Oriental. The premises were revamped and decorated, and a state license was secured. The theater was renamed “Oriental Theater.” The first performance, on December 14, 1861, was “Two Sergeants,” a melodrama by French playwright Rota. The theatrical group was formed by ten actors (including important names of the time such as Bedros Maghakian, Serovpe Benklian, and Mardiros Menakian) and two actresses (Arusiak Papazian and Aghavni Papazian); the presence of women on the stage was a novel element in Armenian theater. The theatrical committee had hired an Italian director, Asti. An interesting element was that Mikayel Nalbandian, the Eastern Armenian writer and journalist, who was visiting Constantinople at the time, read a speech at the inaugural performance. He reminded the public that, “The theater stage is not less than the study chair; the stage of the theater is that chair where philosophy sits and, embodying the living word, with practical ideas and examples, liberates the public from the effort of understanding those ideas only through imagination.” He also encouraged the bravery of the actresses: “The history of Armenian theater will not forget the names of the respectable damsels, Arusiak and Aghavni Papazian, who are the first to have set foot on the theatrical stage. They have fought against common prejudices and have come to the arena after overcoming them. Long live them!” The first season of the Oriental Theater lasted five months, until May 1862. The group presented four original plays and four translations. However, theater was still a field of polemics among progressive and conservative writers and public figures, and the Oriental Theater ceased its activities in April 1863. It was reopened in 1865 under the direction of playwright Srabion Hekimian. It was finally closed again in mid-1867 after several performances of Romanos Sedefjian’s play “Vartan Mamigonian, Savior of the Fatherland,” dedicated to the memory of Nalbandian, who had passed away the previous year in a Russian prison. Despite its short life, the impact of the Oriental Theater would be lasting. Many of its members would continue their activities in different groups and become pillars of Western Armenian theater until the beginning of the twentieth century. Labels: Armenian theater, Oriental Theater December 4, 1738: Birth of Mikayel Chamchian Fifth century historian Movses Khorenatsi has been commonly labeled as the Father of Armenian History. It is not unfair to call Father Mikayel Chamchian the Father of Modern Armenian Historiography. Chamchian was born in Constantinople. He was initially homeschooled and then attended the local Catholic school. He later studied jewelry with Mikayel chelebi Diuzian, imperial jeweler and a distant relative. The young Garabed (that was Chamchian’s baptismal name) was so famous in town for his talent as a jeweler that a contemporary wrote: “Not even one was found like him.” Diuzian thought of turning him into his business partner and even arranging marriage with his daughter. However, in 1757, barely eighteen, Chamchian left his promising career and went to the island of San Lazzaro, in Venice, to enter the Mekhitarist monastery and satisfy his thirst for knowledge. His elder brother Hagopos was a member of the Mekhitarist Congregation. After graduating from the island’s school in 1762, Chamchian joined the congregation and became a teacher at the school. His scholarly studies were interrupted in 1769, when he was consecrated vartabed and sent to serve the Armenian Catholic community of Basra (Iraq). He traveled through the Armenian communities of the Middle East (Alexandria, Beirut, Damascus, Aleppo, Baghdad, etcetera) and collected manuscripts for the library of the monastery. In the 1770s he wrote a four-volume polemical work (each volume contained 800-900 pages) entitledShield of Orthodoxy. This work was destined to demonstrate “the orthodox doctrine of the Armenian Church.” His enemies robbed this work from his room, and the Vatican called him for an interrogation, since his defense of Catholicism seemed to have been accompanied with some sympathy for the “schismatic” Armenian Apostolic Church. He returned to the monastery in 1775 and taught at the seminary for the next fourteen years. Many of the best scholars of the congregation in the next several decades were his students. He produced a remarkable grammar of Classical Armenian in 1779, which he abridged in 1801 and became the main textbook of Armenian schools in the nineteenth century (eleven reprints). Between 1780 and 1788, Chamchian dedicated himself to write the first comprehensive history of Armenia from the origins to his days. The author was an enormously fastidious writer and made countless changes and additions in his volumes until they went into printing. The thick three volumes, which had the publishing dates 1784-1786, were actually published between 1785 and 1788. Chamchian’s History of Armenia would become a reference work for Armenian Studies scholars for over a century and, besides, it would offer a full picture of the past for a people that were trying to construct their national identity. Afterwards, he devoted himself to religious and theological works. Due to his poor health, the congregation sent him back to Constantinople as its resident representative. He would remain in the capital of the Ottoman Empire and he would continue producing with incredible fecundity; among other works, he published a ten-volume commentary of the Psalms, more than 6,000 pages (1815-1823). He also worked on a project to create a school of Armenian higher education in any European university town. Besides a history of the Ottoman Empire that remained unpublished, he produced an abridged version of his History of Armenia, both in Armenia (1811) and in Turkish (1812). The Armenian version was translated into English and published in Calcutta in 1827. Following the ecumenic orientation that had been the focus of the founder of the congregation, Mekhitar of Sepastia, Chamchian dedicated himself also to solve the disputes among Armenian Apostolics and Catholics in Constantinople, in the understanding that the Armenian Church was not heretic, as it was frequently portrayed at the time, and there was no need to shock the Armenian nation with new quarrels. He even tried to unify both communities. During four decades (1776-1815), he wrote a theological work of some 900 pages, Shield of Faith, Which Confirms the Orthodoxy of the Armenian Church from St. Gregory, the Illuminator of Armenia, until Today. Another Catholic priest robbed the book and took it to Rome, where it had the impact of a bomb. After four years of discussions and debates, the book was destroyed by order of the Propaganda Fide and only an abridged version was published half a century after Chamchian’s death (Calcutta, 1873). Chamchian passed away on November 30, 1823 and was buried in the Armenian cemetery of Pera (today Beyoglu). His History of Armenia still remains as a classic, and has been the foundation of his intellectual fame. Labels: Armenian history, Mikayel Chamchian	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line129
__label__wiki	0.75865	0.75865	[<< wikinews] News briefs:August 3, 2010 == Show Notes == == Promo == Today on Wikinews : A suicide bomber kills five Afghan children; California Representative Maxine Waters is charged with violating ethics rules; the FBI asks the Wikimedia Foundation to remove its seal from our websites and, in history, the Church Committee begins hearings on a secret US government program that involved giving unsuspecting citizens LSD. Today is Tuesday, August 03, 2010. I'm Dan Harlow and this is Wikinews. == Script == === Suicide bomber kills five Afghan children (0:42) === Five children were killed by a suicide car bomb in the Kandahar province in southern Afghanistan on Monday. Officials say the suicide bomber was trying to attack the governor of the Dand district, Ahmadullah Nazak. Nazak, who was unharmed, later recalled "I dropped down. Then I heard a second explosion. It hit our car, but it didn't injure me". There have not been any claims of responsibility for this bombing. Assassinations and attempts have become more common this year in Kandahar, and between January and April, at least 27 government officials or foreign contractors have been killed. In other areas of Afghanistan there have been similar incidents. A blast in Nangarhar province hit the car of a senior adviser to President Hamid Karzai. Six people, including Wahidullah Sabawoon, the adviser, were injured in the blast. Sabawoon's injuries were "not critical", according to spokesperson Ahmad Zia Abdulzai. === Waters on trial for House ethics charges (1:39) === A United States House of Representatives ethics panel has charged Representative Maxine Waters (D-California) with violating unspecified ethics rules, making her the second Democrat in a week to be charged with ethical violations. Since 2008, the Office of Congressional Ethics has investigated Waters for requesting a meeting with former Secretary of the Treasury Henry Paulson. Although the meeting was supposed to be about minority-owned banks, the actual conversation focused on one bank, OneUnited. Water's husband, Sidney Williams, had been a stock-holder and board member in the bank at the time. OneUnited later received US$12 million in bailout funds, and an unnamed member of Congress said that Waters had been unsure how to deal with OneUnited, which had been near collapse, "because Sidney's been on the board." A statement from the panel does not disclose when it will state the charges or say how many there are. Waters released a statement stating "I have not violated any House rules. Therefore, I simply will not be forced to admit to something I did not do and instead have chosen to respond to charges made by the House Committee on Standards of Official Conduct in a public hearing." She also vowed to take the case to a public trial, and also said "The record will clearly show that in advocating on behalf of minority banks neither my office nor I benefited in any way, engaged in improper action or influenced anyone." Waters has represented her district in South Central Los Angeles, California for 20 years. This incident comes just five days after another House Democrat, Charlie Rangel of New York was charged with thirteen ethics violations. Rangel's charges range from tax evasion to donations he solicited for an education center bearing his name. Another politican with ethics troubles awaits his fate as === Illinois jurors begin fifth day of deliberations in Blagojevich corruption trial (3:26) === jurors in the Rod Blagojevich corruption trial began their fifth day of deliberations Tuesday morning, having sent no notes to the judge at all yesterday. Notes they sent out last week, however, suggest that the discussions could take much longer. The jury has sent two notes to US District Judge James B. Zagel since deliberations began last Wednesday. The first came on Thursday, when the jury requested a transcript of one of the prosecution's closing arguments. Zagel refused, saying that closing arguments are not evidence. The second note came on Friday, when the foreman wrote "Is it permissible to obtain the transcript of the testimony? It would be helpful." Zagel interpreted the request as saying that the jury wanted transcripts of the testimony of every single witness in the trial. Zagel again declined the request because it was not practical to do so; about 30 witnesses testified in this case, and the transcripts have not yet been prepared. Zagel instead offered to consider requests for transcripts of testimony from "specific identified witnesses", but said that he would warn the jury that such requests could take some time to fulfill. Defense attorney Sheldon Sorosky objected to this plan, saying that "the government will have the benefit of presenting its case a whole second time." Zagel said in reply that he would still consider each of the jury's requests individually. Such a request, however, suggests that the jury intends to conduct a lengthy review of the case. The six male and six female jurors continued their deliberations on Monday without sending any further notes to the judge. Blagojevich is charged with trying to sell the U.S. Senate seat that had been vacated by Barack Obama when he won the 2008 presidential election, among other crimes. Robert Blagojevich, Rod's brother and co-defendant in the case, testified that Rod was trying to manipulate the political situation to his advantage, but emphasized that he engaged in nothing illegal. According to some sources, Blagojevich was interested in leading the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Audio credit "The Long Goodbye" by John Pazdan === FBI asks Wikimedia Foundation to remove seal from websites, Wikimedia declines (6:18) === The United States Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) has asked the Wikimedia Foundation (WMF), host of Wikinews and its sister projects, to take down its image of the FBI seal from its websites. However, the WMF declined, saying that FBI lawyers had misinterpreted the relevant federal law. In a letter dated July 22, 2010, David C. Larson, Deputy General Counsel of the FBI demanded that the WMF remove the seal from its websites within fourteen days, claiming that "it facilitates both deliberate and unwitting violations of these restrictions by Wikipedia users." Larson quoted a section of US law detailing the proper use of the seal and went on to say that use of the FBI seal may be authorized only by the director of the FBI; the FBI director has not given such permission to WMF. The WMF, represented by General Counsel Mike Godwin, responded, saying in a letter dated July 30, that Larson's interpretation "is both idiosyncratic (made especially so by your strategic redaction of important language) and, more importantly, incorrect." Godwin said that "while we appreciate your desire to revise the statute to reflect your expansive vision of it, the fact is that we must work with the actual language of the statute, not the aspirational version" Larson provided. According to the relevant case law, it "was intended to protect the public against the use of a recognizable assertion of authority with intent to deceive." Godwin asserted that the use of the FBI seal by the WMF and its projects do not fall under the purview of that law. The websites of the Wikimedia Foundation are filled with user-generated text, pictures, and other materials, uploaded and curated by independent, often anonymous, volunteers, who change the websites minute by minute. The most well-known sites are the Wikipedias, encyclopedias with over 13 million articles in hundreds of languages. However, the foundation also hosts an image and media library, dictionaries, the Wikinews news websites, book websites and many other educational collaborations. Cindy Cohn, legal director for the Electronic Frontier Foundation (where Godwin was once staff counsel), said that the WMF's constitutional right to free expression allows it to use the FBI seal. "I have to believe the FBI has better things to do than this," she said. The reason for the FBI's request is unknown, as the FBI seal is published on many other websites, including Encyclopedia Britannica. In a bit of trivia, Mike Godwin is also well known for the famous internet discussion rule known as Godwin's Law which states "As an online discussion grows longer, the probability of a comparison involving Nazis or Hitler approaches 1." Godwin believes the ubiquity of such comparisons trivializes the Holocaust. === Emergency spacewalks planned to fix International Space Station (9:13) === NASA is scrambling to solidify plans to fix the broken down cooling systems on the International Space Station during two spacewalks, currently planned for Friday and Monday. The systems broke down late Saturday July 31, triggering alarms that woke the six astronauts (three Russian and three American) currently on board the station. NASA's flight controller said the astronauts are not in any danger, but that science experiments are on hold until the problem can be fixed. Michael Suffredini, a manager for the International Space Station Program, had this to say about the incident: Audio credit NASAThe first spacewalk is set to begin Friday at 6:55 a.m. EDT, NASA officials said. The two planned spacewalks will be conducted by astronauts Douglas Wheelock and Tracy Caldwell Dyson. They will replace an ammonia pump module, which shut down Saturday. The pump's failure prompted the astronauts to shut down several other systems as well. The spare pump had been delivered to the station in July 2006, during STS-121. Normally, major repair spacewalks take weeks of preparation. Fortunately an unrelated spacewalk had already been planned for this Thursday, which would have been conducted by Wheelock and Dyson, so the space suits and equipment are ready to go. NASA decided late Monday evening that the spacewalk would be postponed to Friday to allow for more preparation. In October 2010 the space station is expected to break the record for the longest continuously inhabited space station, a record currently held by Mir. In other space related news, === Northern lights may appear across Canada and northern U.S. late Tuesday night (11:17) === forecasters predict that the northern lights could be visible to the naked eye late tonight and early tomorrow morning across Canada, northern parts of the U.S., and possibly the United Kingdom. Solar storms caused a large ejection of plasma from the Sun's surface on Sunday, and the plasma is heading directly towards Earth. The plasma, a cloud of rapidly moving hydrogen gas atoms and subatomic particles, is expected to reach us late Tuesday. The plasma will interact with the Earth's magnetic field and atmosphere, which will cause northern lights, or aurora borealis, to be visible much further south than is usual. Northern lights usually appear as green or red rivers of lights across the sky. "It's the first major Earth-directed eruption in quite some time" said astronomer Leon Golub of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. The eruption was detected by NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory, which was launched in February 2010, and is currently orbiting the Earth. The Sun goes through approximately eleven-year long activity cycles, with the last maximum occurring in 2001. Sunday's eruption is a sign that the many years of inactivity is over, and the Sun is heading towards another maximum. === Australian rules football: 2010 Gippsland Football League round 16 split round week one (12:30) === Two games of round 16 of the Gippsland Football League split the round over the weekend. On Saturday, Sale defeated Moe by 75 points, while on Sunday, Warragul lost to Drouin. The split round will be completed next weekend with Leongatha traveling to Maffra and Morwell traveling to Wonthaggi. Traralgon has the bye. The preliminary ladder has, in order, Maffra on top followed by Traralgon, Morwell, Drouin and Leongatha in the the top five. Moe and Sale need to win both of their remaining games and have other results go their way to make the finals. Wonthaggi and Warragul cannot make the finals. === On this day in history (13:12) === Music credit Long Note OneThough the project is still shrouded in mystery, on this day in history in 1977 the Church Committee began its hearing on the illegal US Central Intelligence Agencies human research program, run by the Office of Scientific Intelligence and known by its codename MKULTRA. This official U.S. government program began in the early 1950s and continued through the late 1960s. The program used U.S. and Canadian citizens as its test subjects to study the use of many types of drugs, as well as other methods, to manipulate individual mental states and to alter brain function. The project actually began in 1945 when the Joint Intelligence Objectives Agency was established and given direct responsibility for Operation Paperclip. Operation Paperclip was a program to recruit former Nazi scientists, some of whom had studied torture and brainwashing, and several had just been identified and prosecuted as war criminals during the Nuremberg Trials. Several secret U.S. government projects grew out of Operation Paperclip and their purpose was to study mind-control, interrogation, behavior modification and related topics. Headed by Sidney Gottlieb, the MKULTRA project was started on the order of CIA director Allen Dulles on April 13, 1953, largely in response to Soviet, Chinese, and North Korean use of mind-control techniques on U.S. prisoners of war in Korea. The CIA wanted to use similar methods on their own captives and was also interested in being able to manipulate foreign leaders with such techniques, and would later invent several schemes to drug Fidel Castro. Experiments were often conducted without the subjects' knowledge or consent. In some cases, academic researchers being funded through grants from CIA front organizations were unaware that their work was being used for these purposes. To fund the project, a secretive arrangement granted the MKULTRA program a percentage of the CIA budget. The MKULTRA director was granted six percent of the CIA operating budget in 1953, without oversight or accounting and an estimated $10 million or more was spent. Music credit Digital BarkYet because most MKULTRA records were deliberately destroyed in 1973 by order of then CIA Director Richard Helms, it has been difficult, if not impossible, for investigators to gain a complete understanding of the more than 150 individually funded research sub-projects sponsored by MKULTRA and related CIA programs. Music credit Aliengoatcult (Feat. VX)The few remaining CIA documents suggest that "chemical, biological and radiological" means were investigated for the purpose of mind control as part of MKULTRA. These means included the testing of hypnotic drugs such as temazepam, heroin, mescaline, and in one technique investigated, a patient was connected to a barbiturate IV in one arm and an amphetamine IV into the other. The barbiturates were released into the person first, and as soon as the person began to fall asleep, the amphetamines were released. The person would then begin babbling incoherently, and it was sometimes possible to ask questions and get useful answers. However, the use of LSD came to dominate many of MKULTRA's programs. Experiments included administering LSD to CIA employees, military personnel, doctors, other government agents, prostitutes, mentally ill patients, and members of the general public in order to study their reactions. LSD and other drugs were usually administered without the subject's knowledge or informed consent, a violation of the Nuremberg Code that the U.S. agreed to follow after World War II. Efforts to "recruit" subjects were often illegal, even though actual use of LSD was legal in the United States until October 6, 1966. In Operation Midnight Climax, the CIA set up several brothels in San Francisco, CA to obtain a selection of men who would be too embarrassed to talk about the events. The men were dosed with LSD, the brothels were equipped with two-way mirrors, and the sessions were filmed for later viewing and study. Music credit TetIn Canada, when the CIA recruited Scottish psychiatrist and former member of the Nuremberg medical tribunals of 1946–47, Donald Ewen Cameron, the program experimented with various paralytic drugs as well as electroconvulsive therapy at thirty to forty times the normal power as well as putting subjects into a drug-induced coma for weeks at a time (up to three months in one case) while playing tape loops of noise or simple repetitive statements. The experiments were typically carried out on patients who were being treated for minor problems such as anxiety disorders and postpartum depression, yet many of them suffered permanently from his actions. Given the CIA's purposeful destruction of most records, its failure to follow informed consent protocols with thousands of participants, the uncontrolled nature of the experiments, and the lack of follow-up data, the full impact of MKULTRA experiments, including deaths, will never be known. However, several known deaths have been associated with Project MKULTRA, most notably that of Frank Olson. Music credit Long Note TwoOlson, a United States Army biochemist and biological weapons researcher, was given LSD without his knowledge or consent in November, 1953 and died under suspicious circumstances a week later when Olson exited a hotel window and fell thirteen stories to his death. Olson's death was described as a suicide that occurred during a severe psychotic episode, possibly exacerbated by the LSD due to his already-diagnosed suicidal tendencies. The Olson family, however, disputed the official version of events. They maintained that Frank Olson was murdered because, especially in the aftermath of his LSD experience, he had become a security risk who might divulge state secrets associated with highly-classified CIA programs, many of which he had direct personal knowledge. In 1975, Olson's family received a $750,000 settlement from the U.S. government and formal apologies from President Gerald Ford and CIA Director William Colby and later forensic evidence supported the family when Olson's body was exhumed in 1994. A medical examiner termed Olson's death a "homicide" due to cranial injuries indicating Olson had been knocked unconscious before he exited the window. A considerable amount of credible circumstantial evidence suggests that Theodore Kaczynski, also known as the Unabomber, participated in CIA-sponsored MKULTRA experiments conducted at Harvard University from the fall of 1959 through the spring of 1962. Beginning at the age of sixteen, Kaczynski participated along with twenty-one other undergraduate students in the Harvard experiments, which have been described as "disturbing" and "ethically indefensible." In all, forty-four American colleges or universities, 15 research foundations or chemical or pharmaceutical companies and the like including Sandoz (currently Novartis) and Eli Lilly & Co., 12 hospitals or clinics (in addition to those associated with universities), and three prisons are known to have participated in project MKULTRA. The project also plays a part in many conspiracy theories given its nature and the destruction of most records. Some believe the Jonestown mass suicide was thought to be a test site for MKULTRA experiments and others believe Sirhan Sirhan, who assassinated Robert Kennedy, was under the influence of CIA directed hypnotic mind conrtol when he fired his weapon. Music credit Waltz (Tschikovsky Op. 40)Although the CIA insists that MKULTRA-type experiments have been abandoned, 14-year CIA veteran Victor Marchetti has stated in various interviews that the CIA routinely conducts disinformation campaigns and that CIA mind control research continued. In a 1977 interview, Marchetti specifically called the CIA claim that MKULTRA was abandoned a "cover story" even though President Gerald Ford in 1976 issued an Executive Order on Intelligence Activities which, among other things, prohibited "experimentation with drugs on human subjects, except with informed consent." Subsequent orders by Presidents Carter and Reagan expanded the directive to apply to any human experimentation. == Outro == And those are the top headlines for Tuesday, August 03, 2010 This has been the Audio Wikinews brief. To receive the latest news, please visit wikinews.org, presenting up-to-date, relevant, newsworthy and entertaining content without bias. Wikinews is a free service and is funded by your generous donations. Click on the donate link on our homepage to learn how you can contribute. This recording has been released under the Creative Commons 2.5 License.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line132
__label__cc	0.657797	0.342203	A Confluence of Transatlantic Networks, A Confluence of Transatlantic Networks, 0817316248, 0-8173-1624-8, 978-0-8173-1624-2, 9780817316242, , , A Confluence of Transatlantic Networks, 081738040X, 0-8173-8040-X, 978-0-8173-8040-3, 9780817380403, , , A Confluence of Transatlantic Networks, 0817357785, 0-8173-5778-5, 978-0-8173-5778-8, 9780817357788, A Confluence of Transatlantic Networks Elites, Capitalism, and Confederate Migration to Brazil by Laura Jarnagin A Confluence of Transatlantic Network demonstrates how portions of interconnected trust-based kinship, business, and ideational transatlantic networks evolved over roughly a century and a half and eventually converged to engender, promote, and facilitate the migration of southern elites to Brazil in the post–Civil War era. Placing that migration in the context of the Atlantic world sharpens our understanding of the transborder dynamic of such mainstream nineteenth-century historical currents as international commerce, liberalism, Protestantism, and Freemasonry. The manifestation of these transatlantic forces as found in Brazil at midcentury provided disaffected Confederates with a propitious environment in which to try to re-create a cherished lifestyle. Laura Jarnagin is associate professor and director, Division of Liberal Arts and International Studies, Colorado School of Mines. “In this thoroughly researched and erudite study, Laura Jarnagin suggests a new paradigm for understanding the oft-studied migration of thousands of former Confederates from the American South to Brazil in the years immediately following the end of the Civil War.” —American Historical Review “The rich detail extracted from the archives is the book’s great strength. . . .The transatlantic connections unearthed in these sources convince the reader that the study of such networks greatly enriches our understanding of the history of all the colonies/countries in the Atlantic world. Jarnagin provides intriguing evidence, for example, that Anglo-Portuguese trading networks with strong political connections generated much of the early market momentum for coffee production in Brazil.” —Hispanic American Historical Review	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line133
__label__cc	0.673862	0.326138	Reviews, Software October 20, 2014 VIMAZING – THE VIDEO HOSTING SITE FOR FILMMAKERS A new video hosting site for film lovers and makers has launched – Vimazing. Allowing users to present their work to clients or festivals, and gain an audience alongside other filmmakers across the globe. Think 500px for filmmakers. By Nicole Boyd The idea behind the platform is to provide for filmmakers, with the kind of experience that professional photographers have using popular photo-ranking communities, such as 500px, Pixoto or 1x. You might wonder whether the world needs, yet another video hosting website and that’s a fair point. But the problem with the popular platforms such as Youtube & Vimeo, is that the film you put your time, money and passion into, gets buried alongside thousands of cute kitten videos, pranks/fail videos, how-to guides and the millions of other time-wasting videos that get uploaded every second. Worst still are the thousands of seemingly ‘indie films’ that are actually made by commercial businesses trying to hock their wares to an unsuspecting public. An example of which is the recent viral First Kiss film by Tatia Plliva, which asked twenty strangers to kiss each other. The short film was viewed almost a billion times on Youtube, but turned out to be nothing more than an advertisement for a winter clothing line, using a cast of actors rather than the (hinted at) members of the general public (source). Something I liked was that Vimazing doesn’t condone that kind of viral marketing, it goes so far as to ban commercial advertisements or business content on the site – unless it’s as a part of your showreel. The new platform also uses a ranking system, bringing the best, most viewed and most popular videos naturally to the top of each category list. In the case of Vimazing, getting likes or views can make all the difference. I signed up to the website a few nights ago, armed with my complimentary ‘Pro’ account and despite being slightly put off by its less than attractive interface, I actually really began to like what the website does. It’s simple and to the point. Rather than having to re-upload all your films, the site embeds your videos from Youtube/Vimeo. You join up, log in, link your video (it even pulls your descriptions over) and write down what equipment was used whilst making your film. Hit submit and then just wait for those views to start raking up. Pretty simple. You needn’t worry that your film will be swallowed up by the already well liked videos on the site, as the ‘Newest’ category ensures everyone’s film gets a seat at the top, at least for a little while. Which came as a surprise to me, as the trailer that I first placed on Vimazing almost immediately got twenty views. Granted that isn’t a lot, but it did happen within the first few minutes of being linked. Only one like, not nearly enough love. Another thing is that site is fairly new and there isn’t a massive amount of competition, so you have a better chance that your videos will be seen. It’s also a source of feedback from other filmmakers, although it’s still in its infancy, so that side of the site isn’t as prolific as I’d hoped. The creators of the platform, (which began last November) don’t see it as competition to Youtube/Vimeo but rather as a kind of “supplement”, without the influences or pressures that come from commercial advertising sponsorship. They state that it is “their mission is to make it possible for a wider audience to see more fantastically executed videos.” The fact that they guarantee absolute independence, is part of the reason the site offers ‘Pro’ membership (US$27 per year), allowing it to stay online without the need for sponsorship. Which isn’t a huge amount to pay and having a ‘Pro’ membership gives you unlimited uploads, along with access to the ‘Pro’ category, elevating your chance of video views. Overall, I liked the concept of the website, but it’s not very pretty to look at. The graphic header really needs an upgrade and I’m not a fan of the colour banding at the top, which seems like it’s been used as either a homage, or a copy of Vimeo. Despite that, it’s easy to use and if it gets your short film, trailer, or showreel more views, than it’s worth the few minutes it takes to submit. You can join up for a free account (allowing three uploads per week) by clicking here, or if you’re interested in checking out some of the films already on the platform, then hit it up: vimazing.com/ TO INFINITY ARM AND BEYOND AUSFILM WEEK LONDON Alexa Recording in 3.2K ProRes We’re not so sure about camera companies creating new formats, but they all seem to do it from time to time. Today was Arri’s…	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line142
__label__wiki	0.815653	0.815653	What Agreement Ended The Cold War Shortly thereafter, Russian President Vladimir Putin suspended his own commitments to the treaty. The United States had established a complex global presence in the 1990s and policymakers felt that some structure was needed to explain the “threats, interests and priorities” that guide foreign policy, but there was no agreement on how to proceed. Anthony Lake said that during this period, attempts at doctrine risked the introduction of “neo-know-nothing” isolationism or what he called “irrational” ideas. The goal of Bush Sr. and Clinton during their tenure was to develop foreign policy objectives that would support consensus rather than accelerate fragmentation within the American sphere of influence. [14] That the United States is increasingly concerned about the threat it sees as a revitalized Russia. In 1958, the United States launched its own satellite, Explorer I, designed by the U.S. Military led by Braun`s Missile Researcher Wernher. That same year, President Dwight Eisenhower signed a public order to create the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), a federal agency dedicated to space research, as well as several programs designed to exploit the military potential of space. However, the Soviets were one step ahead and launched the first man into space in April 1961. Grassroots organizations such as the Polish Solidarity movement quickly gained ground with strong popular bases. In February 1989, the Polish government opened talks with the opposition, the so-called Polish roundtable agreement, which allowed elections with the participation of anti-communist parties in June 1989. The opening, initially discreet, of a border gate of the Iron Curtain between Austria and Hungary in August 1989 triggered a chain reaction at the end of which the GDR no longer existed and the Eastern Bloc disintegrated. Also in 1989, the Hungarian Communist government began negotiations on the holding of competitive elections in 1990. In Czechoslovakia and the GDR, mass protests did not occupy communist leaders. The communist regimes of Bulgaria and Romania also disintegrated, in the latter case as a result of a violent insurrection. The attitude had changed so much that US Secretary of State James Baker proposed that the US government not oppose Soviet intervention in Romania on behalf of the opposition to avoid bloodshed. [7] The tidal wave of change culminated in the fall of the Berlin Wall in November 1989, which symbolized the collapse of European communist governments and graphically completed the partition of the Iron Curtain in Europe.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line144
__label__cc	0.587457	0.412543	9580 Oak Ave Pkwy, Ste. 7-199, Folsom, CA. USA info@AmericanJusticeCenter.com American Justice Center 9580 Oak Ave. Pkwy. * Suite 7-199 * Folsom, CA 95630 1.877.432.5325 toll-free 1.877.837.3609 fax The lawyers at the American Justice Center are ready to help you with your legal needs. Whether you need a seasoned trial lawyer for your upcoming jury trial or just need a will, trust, or estate plan, the attorneys at the American Justice Center can help you. The attorneys at the American Justice Center have experience with probate and estate litigation meaning they know how to successfully challenge wills and trusts. The benefit to you? Attorneys who know how to draft an estate plan that will prevent the most common types of challenges and head off litigation before it starts. The benefit to your heirs? They won’t need to spend hundreds of thousands of dollars litigating your estate. American Justice Center lawyers strive to provide each client with personal attention and first-class representation–whether that representation is a “simple” estate plan or a full-fledged jury trial. Calls are answered immediately or returned promptly. Communication is always open. We aim to provide fast, efficient, and effective representation. Sometimes that means we have to file in multiple courts to get the most thorough coverage of all of your claims. Or perhaps we have to draft several iterations of an estate plan to account for your changing desires. The bottom line is we ensure we meet your needs when you hire the attorneys at the American Justice Center. The American Justice Center focuses on jury trials (both civil and criminal), probate and estate litigation (both in general civil courts and probate divisions), and estate plan drafting. Civil Jury Trials Our trial lawyers are skilled and experienced with jury trials. Our lead attorney, Dave C. Jones, is a graduate of the esteemed Gerry Spence Trial Lawyers College. He oversees all trials and conducts most of them. Drawing from their experience with successfully challenging estate plans, our lawyers know how to draft estate plans that can withstand or even prevent challenges in the first place. When the typical estate litigation can cost well over $100,000 to litigate, having a well-drafted estate plan that prevents litigation saves your heirs money in the long-run. Criminal Jury Trials Our lead trial lawyer, Dave C. Jones, started his career while in law school conducting motion hearings and jury trials at the San Diego Office of the Public Defender. After law school, he became a deputy public defender at the Tulare County Public Defender’s Office. His training at the Gerry Spence Trial Lawyers College and his past trial experience are invaluable to clients facing a criminal jury trial. Our attorneys are experienced in challenging trusts, wills, and powers of attorney in civil and probate courts. We have helped countless clients navigate the tricky field of probate litigation when their loved ones have been victims of financial elder abuse or undue influence. Contact an Attorney at the American Justice Center Captcha (required) Dave C. Jones Meet the Lead Attorney Dave C. Jones leads the American Justice Center. Read more about him below. Dave Jones was born in Sacramento, California, in 1974. He went to local schools through... Dave Jones was born in Sacramento, California, in 1974. He went to local schools through high school, focusing on biology and other sciences. He played water polo (goalie) and swam for four years and graduated from El Camino High School in 1992. Immediately upon graduating, Dave went to UCLA for his undergraduate studies. While there, he worked as a hospital assistant in the UCLA Medical Center, gaining medical and drug knowledge that still assists him in defending clients today. In 1995, Dave graduated from UCLA with a Bachelor of Arts in psychology, a mere three years after graduating from high school. After UCLA, Dave accepted a position as a State Traffic Officer Cadet in the California Highway Patrol (CHP) looking to fulfill his long-time goal of helping society be safer a place. Dave attended the CHP Academy in West Sacramento and excelled in both the physical and academic training. At the academy, Dave learned how law enforcement officers think, how they are trained, and how they work and stick together as a team and a family. Dave also learned the California Vehicle Code and the California Penal Code as law enforcement officers learn them; in other words, he knows how cops look at the law and at “law breakers.” Unfortunately, Dave’s long-time dream of serving the public as a peace officer was ripped from him during his time at the academy. Dave found that the CHP—the department that was widely seen as the most respected and most prestigious law enforcement agency in the state—was not run any better than those agencies that were being ripped apart in the media every day. In fact, he believed that the CHP was training its officers in such a way that future incidents of police misconduct were inevitable. Specifically, Dave was concerned about the way the CHP rationalized and even bragged about how they handled the Rodney King incident—or rather, how they did not handle the incident. At nearly all of the officer “use of force trainings” at the CHP academy, the staff would spend a significant portion of time saying that the CHP academy’s training was so good that the CHP officers on the scene of the Rodney King beating did not get involved–the cops knew better, the academy said. Dave Jones was aghast that the CHP would say that it was a good thing that their officers did not get involved! If the CHP really was the "good guy" in all of this, the CHP officers would have stopped the beating, not stood by like a bunch of high school kids watching a parking lot fight! In good conscience, Dave could not work for an agency that felt it was so much better than other law enforcement agencies simply because it stood by and watched a beating rather than actually swinging the stick at King. Dave’s psychology degree told him that was a recipe for future disaster. (See, e.g., Stanford Prison Experiment.) Dave left the CHP and decided that rather than let potential police abuses go unchecked, he would go to law school and help those accused of crime. The Thomas Jefferson School of Law in San Diego offered Dave Jones a full tuition-paid scholarship. Dave accepted the scholarship and moved to San Diego. While in law school, Dave was offered several opportunities to take part in extra-curricular activities. His legal writing skills earned him a position as aTeaching Assistant for Legal Writing I, a class that all first year law students must take. In that position, he was able to help first year students improve their legal research and writing skills. Dave tried out for the Mock Trial team in his second semester and earned a spot on the team despite his "1L" status. The Mock Trial team competes in events that simulate courtroom trials, either criminal or civil cases, allowing competitors to improve their skills in trial areas including motion-making, witness handling, making and responding to objections, opening statements, and closing arguments. Dave competed in several competitions across the country, earning praise from judges and being named a finalist in the San Diego Defense Lawyers Mock Trial Competition in 2004. The years he spent on the Mock Trial team were well spent, allowing him to hone his courtroom skills in ways most other law school students cannot match. Dave also tried out for and got a spot in the Moot Court Honor Society, again, despite his 1L status. The Moot Court Honor Society competes in simulated appellate-level cases–in other words, represents clients after they have been convicted in an attempt to get their convictions overturned. Dave competed in several national competitions and became a member of the three person executive board that oversees the Moot Court program at Thomas Jefferson School of Law. Dave was also offered a prestigious spot on the Thomas Jefferson Law Review at the end of his first year. Law review editors review articles submitted by law professors and other attorneys across the country and decide which articles to put in the journal. The editors also have to check the citations for every article and occasionally write articles for the journal. Given Dave’s focus on helping society directly in trial court and appellate court, Dave turned down the offer so he could focus on Mock Trial, Moot Court, and his other activities. The San Diego Office of the Public Defender also offered Dave an internship during his second and third years in law school. Dave enjoyed every minute of that internship. His mentors allowed him to handle arraignments in felony and misdemeanor court, enter change of pleas, conduct preliminary hearings, write motions, argue evidence suppression motions (View California Penal Code section for Motion for Return of Property or Suppression of Evidence (PC 1538.5)) (including winning one the mentoring attorney did not think was winnable and did not even show up in court to watch the argument), select juries, and prep for and conduct trials (e.g., before he graduated, Dave was second chair on a nine-count domestic violence case with a repeat offender defendant). Upon graduating from law school, Dave Jones became a deputy public defender, quickly gaining real-world experience to back up the skills he had built in law school by successfully competing in mock trial and moot court. Dave Jones was able to quickly hone his courtroom skills by representing hundreds of criminal defendants at all stages of the criminal process, winning nearly 2/3 of all his jury trials. When Dave made the switch to private practice, he naturally decided to focus on criminal defense. For more than a year, in addition to representing defendants at trial, the California Court of Appeals appointed Dave Jones to represent indigent criminal defendants in their California appeals. Dave was able to help ensure the defendants he was appointed to represent got a chance to challenge their convictions at the appellate level with no cost to them. Most recently, Dave was one of the few trial attorneys in the country to be selected to attend the esteemed Gerry Spence Trial Lawyers College in Dubois, Wyoming. While attending the nearly one month live-in program, Dave got to work closely with other top trial lawyers from around the country improving his storytelling, jury selection, opening statement, direct examination, cross examination, and closing argument. Dave left the Trial Lawyers College with a deeper understanding of jury trials, lifelong friends, and the ability to connect on a deeper level with his clients. If you are ever in need of a trial lawyer, Dave’s experience in pre-trial negotiations, motion practice, jury selection, and trials will be invaluable. You can reach Dave Jones, attorney at law, by phone at the American Justice Center at 1-877-432-5325 or by email at djones at American Justice Center.com. "Dave [Jones] just really did a dynamite job. The questions he asked were open-ended and leading towards a certain aspect of what he was looking for in terms of an answer to help the case. And during that process, there was a lot going on, and Dave was over there taking notes pretty fast, and then when it was his turn, boom! He was up, he was ready to talk. He basically went through his bullets and just cleared everything and made it back in Dad's favor. So it was interesting to see that. I didn't know how [the jury trial] was going to happen. I didn't know what he was going to do, but it worked out nice." Tony B. "Dave Jones came in to my case over half way through. He immediately came up to speed and did a thorough, precise, and thoughtful job of representing me. He stayed in touch by phone and email. His poise and composure are refreshing in an arena that can be contentious." Susan "Dave Jones performed his job admirably. He presented a strong argument in a professional manner. I would refer him to anyone that asked." Cynthia W. "Dave Jones is representing me in my civil lawsuit. We are in the collecting stage; we went to [jury] trial and won. He is very professional and efficient. His kindness, courtesy, and understanding made things much easier. I thank God for given me the opportunity to have Mr. Jones represent me." Vanessa N. "Dave Jones came into my case in the third quarter. In short order, he knew the facts, put the files together, and was ready to represent me at a deposition and a pre-trial hearing that were both out of town for him. We spoke on the phone numerous times, and I felt comfortable and well-represented. He is professional and doesn't get rattled, which is a characteristic that is desirable for any client." Susan B. "You know what I liked about Dave [Jones]? He was a listener. He did not make me feel like I had to rush. He was interested in my point of view ... and he always wanted to hear it. And he always, if I had to leave a phone call, he always returned the phone calls. He was a gentleman. He was very pleasant. It was very easy with Dave. Very friendly, very professional. And he was very skillful and had insights. It was just awesome to watch, to hear him up there [in court] and how he handled everything with such ease and not being aggressive but just firm. It was wonderful." Joan 9580 Oak Ave Pkwy, Ste. 7-199, Folsom, CA 95630. USA Meetings by appointment. Info: info@AmericanJusticeCenter.com Webmaster: webmaster@AmericanJusticeCenter.com O: +1-916-934-4006 7.3David Clark Jones © 2018 American Justice Center	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line146
__label__cc	0.653402	0.346598	Glenn County Clerk of Court Home > California > Glenn County Clerk of Court The Glenn County Clerk of Court is a vital administrative office in the judicial system of California. The office of the county Clerk of Court maintains the records and processes according to the orders of the court. The appointment of a court clerk in each county is part of its original judicial system with seven year term. However, the office became elective with the elected officer given four years in office. It is the official duty and responsibility of the court clerk to be the record keeper and correspondence between the public and the court. The Glenn County Clerk of Court keeps the records for the Courts of Appeals and Common Pleas. As a mandated office, they are responsible for the maintenance of the records for civil actions and criminal felonies. The Glenn County Clerk of Court directory assistance facilitates finding the local court office, the Clerk of Court name and other vital contact information. Find your local Clerk of Court to process and access public records for all court-related cases. Glenn Clerk of Court: Glenn County Clerk and Clerk of Court Clerk Address: 516 West Sycamore Street, Willows, CA 95988 Website: http://www.countyofglenn.net/govt/departments/Clerk of Court/ Office Hours: Pacific Contacting the Clerk of Court in Glenn County, California For Assistance The court clerk is available to provide court-related assistance to the public according to their jurisdiction. The primary duty of the Clerk of Court is to receive, docket, index, certify, and preserve court orders, pleadings, and other filed legal documents with the court. You can contact the elected court clerk and administrative staffs in your area for public inspection of public records during normal business hours. Call, email, or visit your local Glenn County Clerk of Court office.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line152
__label__cc	0.667837	0.332163	Dowgy Allee DIY – Münster, Germany Dowgy Allee diy is in danger of getting demolished. Please make sure to spread the word and sign the petition below They need 20,000 signatures to save the spot. www.openpetition.de/petition/online/erhaltung-der-dowgy-allee-diy-skatepark-in-muenster-nrw Photos by Adam Przybyla Words by Matty Penner I was back in California when I first saw a picture of the Dowgy-Allee. I couldn’t wait to get back to Germany so I could check out Münster’s newest DIY with my own eyes. The first evening I got there, I went to go see it. It was amazing. And just when I thought it couldn’t get any better, I heard the story behind it. A couple weeks ago, after a sesh, I got the chance to sit down and chat with photographer Adam Przybyla and Sebastian “Sebi” Niehaus, the man who made this all possible. His brain child, aka the Dowgy Allee, is a testament to what can happen when a little curiosity, some luck, and a lot of love for the game all come together. Sebi. Boneless gap. Curiosity was the first step because before this spot was built, it was nothing. First of all, this spot is on some obscure street that doesn’t go anywhere. And secondly, it can’t even be seen from eye level. It stands some 10 or so feet above the ground, and from down there it just looks like a big abandoned platform that is fenced off to the everyday pedestrians, which is exactly what it is. Or maybe I should, say what it was. Sebi. Early grab to fakie. The first question I asked Sebi, of course, was, “So how did all this start? How did Dowgy-Allee come to be?” He laughed and then repeated the question to himself. “Well, I’ve been living here [in Münster] for six years and I used to walk by that platform every day, but I’d never been up there before. What for, you know? It was a little fenced-off place to be forgotten. It looked like nothing. And then one day I was like, you know what, I’m going to go check it out.” What he found was pure potential with it’s foundation made of good concrete. It had to, however, be uncovered first, for the thing looked like a jungle. Rob. Blunt fakie. The very next day Sebi came back with a few of his friends and they started to clean the place up – scraping off the moss, pulling weeds, clearing away all the over-hanging greenery. “It was completely spontaneous,” Sebi said. “I had no idea what was going to become of this, I just wanted to get started.” After two days the place was bare and ready to go. This is where a little bit of luck came in because when they had just started the first quarter pipe, the owner of the platform, which lays on German Bahn (state-owned) property, came over to see what all that ruckus was. After Sebi told him his plan, the guy was not O.K. with it, he was actually all for it! He told them, “I can see that you guys are giving it your all, and that is really cool. As long this place doesn’t become some huge enterprise – no big contests or anything- you gladly have my permission to keep going.” Gorch. Krooked grind pop over. The only thing that they had to wait for was the green light from his insurance company so nobody would get sued in case of injury. Once that was cleared, it was pedal to the metal. At first there was little direction. “I knew I wanted a quarter pipe and a pole jam, but that was it, so that’s where we started.” Sebi said. From there he made a little sketch for what he thought might work. Then he called on his board of directors, aka his friends, so that they could talk everything over. “It was the usual things – is this good here, that there, should this be steeper, mellower, shorter, longer, and so on and so forth. Then with everyone’s suggestions, we took my plan and optimized it.” The next problem, which was money and man hours turned out not to be a problem at all. Actually it was a blessing in disguise and maybe the best thing that ever happened to the Münster skate scene, which was once separated. When the whisper of a new spot in Münster spread throughout the skate community, it changed everything. Octavio. Shifty flip. “It wasn’t as if there was ever really beef between the different crews in Münster,” Sebi said. “We just didn’t get together to go skating.” Adam nodded his head along, “Yeah. It used to be crew here, crew there, but ever since he started on this spot,” he said pointing at Sebi, “everybody wanted in. Everybody wanted to help. All crews band together, donated their money, and gave their time in order make Sebi’s vision a reality. We all just wanted to skate it. Together. And the skate atmosphere here in Münster hasn’t been that way in forever.” Over the next three and a half months the newly-consolidated crew went to work from sun up to sun down. It was all measured with the eye and shaped by the hand, without forms whatsoever. “The spot,” Sebi said, “is completely DIY. From conception to it’s completion, we made this happen.” When the last piece was finally finished and dried, the Dowgy-Allee got a visit from the Welcome team for the first ever session. “I remember we were down on the ground, you know where you can’t see anything. And when they came up the stairs, they were like, ‘What!’ You should have seen their faces. All of them. They were stoked.” Dakota Hunt went even so far as to say that it was the best DIY he ever skated. A few weeks later the Santa Cruz team was there, then Raven Tershy and his crew, and most recently Louie Barletta and the Enjoi team. “It was the best promotion you could get with all these guys. We’ll see who comes next?” Who comes next may still be up in the air, but the plan for what comes next is already set in motion. “It’ll keep going forward,” Sebi said, referring to the back half of the platform that is still free for the building. “We’re definitely not done. This isn’t the end. There’s still a bunch of shit to come.” Timo Krone and Tobi Reize. Double nose pick. In the mean time it has become the next, new meeting spot in Münster, but only after 5 o’clock! Behind the trees and shrubbery is a building that belongs to the Deutsche Bahn and Sebi made it off limits to skate during working hours so that they wouldn’t disrupt the people who allowed them to build and skate the spot. “It’s a respect thing. It’s all about respect.” That also has to do with how the DIY got its name. When I asked him why it’s called Dowgy-Allee, he said, “This is like our own dog park and we’re the dogs. All we want is our own little place to have fun where, like dogs, we don’t bother anyone and nobody bothers us.” If you want to keep up with what’s going on at the Dowgy Allee, check out its Instagram: @dowgyallee Sebi. Boneless tailbash. Posted in DIY skate spots, Germany, Skateboarding \| Tags: Adam Przybyla, allee, confusion, confuzine, d.i.y, diy, do it yourself, dowgy, Dowgy Allee, dowgyallee, germany, mag, magazine, Matty Penner, münster, petition, save, skateboaring, skatediy, spot \| 0 Comments ← 2er – Builders Jam – 2017 Confusion Magazine x Denver Danglers →	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line153
__label__wiki	0.827156	0.827156	HomeSongsThe Ten Best Wedding Entrance Songs That Will Wow Your Guests The Ten Best Wedding Entrance Songs That Will Wow Your Guests By Kelly Hayes Songs 1 Comment Choosing the best wedding entrance song is an important part of planning any wedding. The bride and groom usually make this choice together, since it is an important one. Wedding entrance songs are normally ones that mean something to them as a couple, or personally. It doesn’t have to be just one song though, instead the couple may decide to use several as a mix to set the mood for the reception. Truly, the possibilities are endless. Here are the ten best wedding entrance songs that will wow your guests. 10. Hey Ya “Hey Ya!” is an upbeat song by the group OutKast. The song was released in the year 2003. The most popular line of the song says “Shake it like a Polaroid picture.” The bridal party can use props such as old Polaroid cameras as they are dancing into the song. They could also stop what they are doing and emphasize the famous line of the song. 9. Old Time Rock and Roll https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SsSVcRYh8dE Another great song to use to wow the guests at your wedding is an oldie but a goodie. “Old Time Rock and Roll” is a song by Bob Seger and appeared on his 1978 album Stranger in Town. The song has an upbeat feel that can take guests back to the good ol’ days of rock and roll. The Bridal party can slide into the reception hall just like Tom Cruise did in the movie “Risky Business.” 8. Raise Your Glass “Raise your glass” is a song by the singer Pink. The song came out in the year 2010 and is a tribute to all her fans for their support. The song is an upbeat modern song that can get the guests ready for a night of fun, drinking and dancing. The bridal party can use prop glasses each time the song says to raise your glass and get the crowd involved. 7. Just Dance A popular upbeat song that can get the guests up and out of their seats is Lady Gaga’s, “Just Dance.” The song came out in 2008 at the beginning of Lady Gaga’s career. This upbeat song can be played as an entrance song and the couple could have the bridal party choose random guests to get up and dance with them. The bridal party can even use props such as the crazy wigs Gaga wears or outrageous outfits. 6. Thunderstruck “Thunderstruck” is a song by the popular rock group AC/DC. The song came out in the year 1990. The bridal party can make their entrance using air guitars or blow up guitars. This song will please those who don’t care for hip hop or oldies type songs. This song is an all time popular song to play at sporting events when a team enters the arena. 5. Low https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZLwvc5Qywzk If the wedding party wants to get the crowd up and shakin’ it, the wedding entrance song choice should be “Low” by Flo Rida. The song first debuted in 2007 and is by rapper Flo Rida. This song was number one on the top 100 list for ten straight weeks after its debut. The bridal party can dance into the wedding reception wearing props such as apple bottom jeans from the songs lyrics. 4. Can’t Touch This “Can’t Touch This” is singer MC Hammers top hit from 1990. The song features MC Hammer with extremely baggy pants dancing. The bridal party can use his iconic pants and wear them as a prop as they dance into the reception hall. The wedding party can even include somebody the crowd would least expect, such as a grandparent or parent of the bride or groom, to make this fun entrance. 3. Yeah Another popular upbeat hip hop song that is popular among wedding entrance songs is Usher’s “Yeah!” The song came out in the year 2004. The song features guests singers Lil Jon and Ludacris. “Yeah!” was at the top of the Billboard top 100 for 12 consecutive weeks. 2. We Will Rock You “We Will Rock You” is a popular hit from the group Queen. The song debuted in the year 1977. The song is often used at sporting events to get the crowd going. The song can be used as an entrance song having each person in the bridal party do their own type of dance to the beat. Each member of the bridal party can also sport a fun type of sun glasses. 1. I’m Too Sexy One song that never seems to get old is Right Said Fred’s “I’m Too Sexy.” The song’s theme is a fashion show, and came out in 1992. Each member of the bridal party can “walk the runway”, wearing and utilizing different props. This song is fun, upbeat and one of the best wedding entrance songs to get the crowd ready for the party to begin. There are many more songs out there for the choosing, but these ten are the top that are replayed over and over again. Most Popular Romantic Bridal Party Entrance Songs The 10 Best Bridal Party Entrance Songs Your Guests Will Love Reception Entrance Songs To Stay Away From Matt Solomon I would pay to attend any of these weddings.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line156
__label__wiki	0.847141	0.847141	Bilingualism Matters Evidence-based information on bilingualism and language Message from Centre Director Bilingualism Matters in the Waterloo Region and Canada Bilingualism and Autism MultiMind Bilingualism Matters Blog Bilingualism Matters Research Symposium 2020 PARENTS’ QUESTIONS Ceistean àbhaisteach AROUND EDINBURGH BOOKS & FURTHER READING Bilingualism Matters Centre at Edinburgh Our team in Edinburgh is supported by a fantastic group of volunteers. Our current team is below, and you can also read about previous collaborators. Professor Antonella Sorace Director; Professor of Developmental Linguistics Antonella Sorace is Professor of Developmental Linguistics at the University of Edinburgh and a leading authority on language bilingualism and language acquisition across the lifespan. She is also joint leader for dissemination on the EU funded <a href="https://www.bilingualism-matters.ppls.ed.ac.uk/projects/atheme-advancing-european-multilingual-experience">AThEME project</a> (Advancing the European Multilingual Experience). Antonella founded Bilingualism Matters as an information service for bilingual families in 2008 and has since overseen its expansion into an international network of branches around Europe and the USA. The Bilingualism Matters Centre at the University of Edinburgh now works alongside schools, adult learners, health practitioners, businesses and local and national governments as well as families in order to help make sure everyone can make informed decisions about language learning. Personal Link × Dr Katarzyna Przybycien Research and Outreach Coordinator Katarzyna.Przybycien@ed.ac.uk Dr Katarzyna Przybycien is the Research and Outreach Coordinator at the Bilingualism Matters Research and Information Centre. Kat's role is to support the Centre Director in developing the current range of Centre activities through network development, coordination of partners and supporting the development of key Centre outputs. Kat's experience includes working on European projects, undertaking project evaluations, and creating and coordinating public engagement with research and a variety of community projects. Having lived and studied in Poland, Spain, and Germany, she has now settled in Scotland with her multilingual family. Christy Brewster Centre Adminstrator christy.brewster@ed.ac.uk Christy Brewster is responsible for general administration in the Bilingualism Matters Centre at the University of Edinburgh. She has an MA (Hons) in History from the University of Glasgow, and a CELTA TEFL qualification. She taught English as a foreign language in Argentina for three years, and is part of an English-Spanish bilingual family. Dr Thomas Bak Reader in Human Cognitive Neuroscience; Programme Director (Bilingualism in later life, healthy ageing & dementia) Thomas Bak is a Reader in Human Cognitive Neuroscience at the University of Edinburgh, where his research includes the potential benefits of bilingualism on the ageing brain. He is a member of the Centre for Cognitive Aging and Cognitive Epidemiology (www.ccace.ed.ac.uk), and is also a practicing clinician in cognitive neurology and dementia at the Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences (CCBS). Thomas is also President of the Research Group on Aphasia, Dementia and Cognitive Disorders of the World Federation of Neurology (WFN RG ADCD). Dr Vicky Chondrogianni Senior Lecturer in Bilingualism; Programme Director (Bilingual development and developmental language disorders) Vicky Chondrogianni is a lecturer in Bilingualism at the School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences at the University of Edinburgh. She read Classics and Linguistics at the University of Athens and holds a PhD in Second Language Acquisition from the University of Cambridge. Her research focuses on the production and off-line and on-line comprehension of morpho-syntax in typically and language impaired monolingual and bilingual children from a cross-linguistic perspective, investigating languages such as English, Greek, Dutch, Danish, French, German and Welsh. As Deputy Director of the Bilingualism Matters Centre at the University of Edinburgh, Vicky is leading our work around multilingualism and atypical language development - including autism, Specific Language Impairment, and speech and language difficulties. Dr Ania Byerly Senior Teaching Fellow in Language Education, Moray House School of Education and Sport; Programme Director (Teacher Education) ania.byerly@ed.ac.uk Ania is a teacher and teacher educator, specialising in anti-racist and intercultural education, teaching English as an Additional Language (EAL), as well as preparing future teachers to tackle broader social justice issues across the Early Years, Primary education and languages education. Ania has gained her Masters in Pedagogy and a Qualified Teacher Status at the University of Warsaw, and a PhD in anti-racist and multicultural education at the University of Edinburgh. She is currently teaching undergraduate and postgraduate students at the Moray House School of Education and Sport, mainly on the MSc TESOL, MSc Language Education, and across Initial Teacher Education programmes. Ania is Programme Director for Teacher Education since October 2019. She was previously worked with Bilingualism Matters as part of the management team on the 2018 Edinburgh Multilingual Stories Festival. Dr Carlos Soler Montes Lecturer in Spanish, Portuguese and Latin American Studies; Programme Director (Spanish & Portuguese) Carlos is a Lecturer at the School of Literatures, Languages and Cultures where he teaches Hispanic Linguistics and advanced Spanish Language courses. He is interested in the area of language variation from a pan-Hispanic and pluricentric perspective. This is reflected in his research trajectory, as he has examined the ways in which Spanish grammar varies across different regions, its particularities, cultural connections and social contacts. Carlos has developed numerous academic projects in collaboration with academic institutions in the UK, Spain, Mexico, Canada and the US. Prior to joining The University of Edinburgh, he worked in the public sector, as part of the Spanish cultural diplomacy network, at the Cervantes Institute, the Spanish national cultural institute for the promotion of the Spanish language around the world. Twitter handle: @SolerMontes Prof Rob Dunbar Chair of Celtic Languages, Literature, History and Antiquities; Programme Director (Gaelic) Thomas Chaurin Head of Languages for All; Programme Director (Language Teaching and Learning) Thomas Chaurin holds a Master’s degree in French as a Foreign Language from the University of Rennes 2 and is the Head of Languages for All at the Centre for Open Learning. He has an extensive experience in language teaching, language teachers’ training, curriculum development, the Common European Framework of Reference for languages and its applications (e.g. European Language Portfolio, Reference Level Descriptors, international language qualifications, European Profiling Grid), quality processes, and management of academic teams and of organisations. Prior to joining the Centre for Open Learning, Thomas was a Research Associate at Moray House School of Education taking part in a research project on language learning in Scottish schools in the context of the 1+2 policy. He was previously the Scotland based Education Attaché of the French Embassy in the UK, and the Executive Director of the Alliance Française of Washington DC. Thomas has also held leadership roles in France, Spain, Canada, Chile, Kenya, Zimbabwe and Slovakia. He speaks French, English and Spanish. Dr Guy Puzey Lecturer in Scandinavian Studies; Programme Director (Language Visibility and Nordic Languages) Carine Abraham PhD candidate in Linguistics and English Language Carine is a first year PhD candidate in Linguistics and English Language at the University of Edinburgh, where she also completed an MSc in Developmental Linguistics. Her research interest is on how bilinguals understand ambiguity when reading and listening. Previously, she has worked as a primary school English teacher in Japan and as supply teacher in the US. Carine grew up in a trilingual household, speaking Finnish, Hebrew, and English. She joined Bilingualism Matters to help promote the importance of home language and identity. As a volunteer for Bilingualism Matters, she has created and led public engagement workshops for our volunteers, designed activities, such as our “Guess the Language" game, for a range of ages, and aided in the design and creation of web materials. She has also worked for Bilingualism Matters as a Website Project Assistant and Research Project Assistant. Eva-maria Schnelten PhD Student in Linguistics s1574712@sms.ed.ac.uk I am a PhD Student in Linguistics, supervised by Prof Sorace and Dr Bak. After my Master's in Applied Linguistics at the Rijkuniversiteit Groningen, I worked in Germany for 3 years, teaching German as a second language to refugee kids, teaching Dutch and English as a second language next to working as an educational therapist with linguistically impaired children. My main interests are multilingualism, cognitive and applied linguistics and language teaching. As a volunteer within Bilingualism Matters, I am part of the Refugee Working Group and am also involved in reviewing and developing our social media use. Dr Martha Robinson MSc by Research Candidate Martha Robinson has a PhD in Linguistics and a background in teaching Spanish and German to both children and adults. Martha ran the EU-funded SOFT project (School and Families Together for the Integration of Immigrant Families) in the UK, using narrative format methodology to teach French, Spanish and English in Scottish primary schools and nurseries. Prior to the SOFT project, Martha was also involved in the EU-funded Let's Become a Bilingual Family project, which aimed to encourage parents and children to learn a new language together through stories and activities. Brittany Blankinship PhD Student in Psychology, Human Cognitive Neuroscience Brittany in a second-year PhD student in the Department of Psychology at the University of Edinburgh supervised by Dr Thomas Bak and Dr Mariana Vega-Mendoza. She also completed her MSc in Human Cognitive Neuropsychology at the University of Edinburgh in 2017. Her research interests are in language use and changes across the lifespan and language learning in later life. She is also interested largely in the field of non-pharmaceutical interventions (eg language learning, art) to age-related neurodegenerative diseases, such as dementia. Brittany has been an active volunteer with the Edinburgh branch of Bilingualism Matters since 2018. Amongst other things, she has helped with the organisation and delivery of outreach events and has a particular interest in public engagement. Mattia Zingaretti PhD Student in Linguistics & English Language mattia.zingaretti@ed.ac.uk Mattia is a first-year PhD student in Linguistics and English Language at the University of Edinburgh, where he also obtained an MSc in English Language in 2017. Mattia’s research interests include first and second language acquisition, bilingual language development and first language attrition - being an Italian-English bilingual and an Italian attriter himself. His doctoral project, which investigates second language acquisition and first language attrition in English-Italian bilinguals, is supervised by Prof Antonella Sorace and Dr Vicky Chondrogianni. Mattia has been an active volunteer for the Bilingualism Matters centre at Edinburgh University since 2017. Among other activities, he has helped with the organisation and the delivery of outreach events, such as the latest Bilingualism Matters annual event and the Edinburgh Multilingual Stories Festival (EMSF). Candice Mathers PhD candidate in Linguistics & English Language I’m a PhD student with Prof Antonella Sorace and Prof Alice Turk, studying young bilingual children as they learn how to read. I’m very interested in applying research to address concerns in the community, especially those of parents raising bilingual and multilingual children. I joined Bilingualism Matters in 2015. I love being part of an organisation that promotes language development in an increasingly mobile society. These days I help out wherever I can, for example: representing the organisation at community events, attending conferences outside of the University, and networking with influential leaders in different language communities. I hope to remain a life-long member of our ever expanding worldwide research team. Bérengère Digard PhD Candidate in Psychiatry I’m a 4th year PhD student in Psychiatry at the UoE. The non-linguist of the crew, I’m interested in how being bilingual shapes the way autistic and non-autistic adults relate to other people. I’ve joined BM because I’m passionate about changing the way people think about bilingualism and who can be bilingual (answer: anyone who wants to be). Dobrochna Futro PhD candidate in Modern Languages and Cultures d.futro.1@research.gla.ac.uk Dobrochna Futro is a PhD candidate at the University of Glasgow supervised by Dr Elwira Grossman and Prof Alison Phipps. Her research explores multilingual practices of contemporary artists and their potential for language pedagogy. Before she started her PhD she completed an MA in Polish Philology at Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland specialising in teaching and publishing, and an MA in History of Art at UCL, London, UK specialising in contemporary art. She has a professional background in the visual art sector, was the founder and director of MPRA, an International Artist in Residence Programme in Poznan, a Trustee of the Parallax Venice, worked at various contemporary art galleries in Poland and the UK, and for several years taught history of art through practice in a primary school in Oxford. As a volunteer within Bilingualism Matters, she is part of the School Partnership Project Group and is also involved in supporting public engagement events. Miranda Garralda Wong Undergraduate Student in English Language and Literature I am most interested in the fields of Historical and Developmental Linguistics, and have enjoyed studying the History of Scots and English, as well as First Language Acquisition in particular. I am also interested in theories of Universal Grammar and Cross-linguitic Variation, having been raised in an English, Cantonese and Spanish-speaking environment. Within Bilingualism Matters, I have volunteered at events such as the Edinburgh Multilingual Stories Festival and with the Instagram co-ordination team. Eva Hanna MSc in Developmental Linguistics Former MSc student in Developmental Linguistics (2015-2017), parent of 2 bilingual children, and Bilingualism Matters volunteer since 2012. Currently co-organizing the Bilingualism Matters Refugee Working Group. Mimo Caenepeel Research Communication Advisor mimo.caenepeel@googlemail.com Mimo Caenepeel is the director of Research Communication Scotland, a consultancy that helps researchers articulate their ideas and research outcomes in a clear, succinct and engaging way. Mimo has a PhD in Applied Linguistics (University of Edinburgh) and has worked as a research fellow in Canada, France and the US. She has extensive editorial experience and completed a five-year training in contemplative psychotherapy. She offers writing and communication support in a variety of formats, from workshops, master classes and writing retreats to high-level editing and one-to-one coaching. As a volunteer in Bilingualism Matters, Mimo has the role of Research Communication Advisor. Maria Dokovova PhD student in Phonetics I am currently finishing the corrections of my PhD in Phonetics from Queen Margaret University. I am also on a path to become a Speech and Language Therapist at the same university. I joined Bilingualism Matters because I am a multilingual and I know that the concept of bilingualism is often misunderstood. I would like to help myself and others stay informed about it. The Joy of Languaging: In Celebration of Human Rights Day Galician: A minority language in Spain Accent Positivity We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience. By agreeing you give consent for your data to be processed by carefully selected third parties to improve user experience.Ok, I agreeNo, thanksRead more	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line158
__label__wiki	0.891739	0.891739	Equivalents in other units Click here to hide this workweeks nanoseconds fortnights molads sidereal days microfortnights Rollover a unit to see the conversion How long is 50,000,000 minutes? Closest first \| Highest first \| Lowest first It's about as long as Pepi II's reign (a.k.a. Neferkare) (2278 BCE - 2184 BCE) The sixth dynasty pharaoh of Egypt's Old Kingdom, Pepi II Neferkare ascended to the throne at the age of six and is generally thought to have reigned until his death at the age of one-hundred — a total of 50,000,000 minutes. His reign was the longest of any monarch in history. It's about two-fifths as long as a Giant Tortoise's Lifespan In other words, 50,000,000 minutes is 0.380 times the length of a Giant Tortoise's Lifespan, and the length of a Giant Tortoise's Lifespan is 2.60 times that amount. (for Adwaita, an Aldabra Giant Tortoise) (Dipsochelys dussumieri, formerly Geochelone gigantea) Adwaita, an Aldabra Giant Tortoise who lived the later part of his life in the Alipore Zoological Gardens in Kolkata, India, was 130,000,000 minutes at the time of his death. Once a pet of Major-General Robert Clive, 1st Baron Clive, who is credited with securing India as a colony of Great Britain, Adwaita lived through the entirety of India's 100,000,000 minutes as a British colony. It's about three times as long as Pius IX's reign In other words, 50,000,000 minutes is 3.004 times the length of Pius IX's reign, and the length of Pius IX's reign is 0.33290 times that amount. (a.k.a. Pope Blessed Pius IX, a.k.a. Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti) (1792-1878) The longest reigning Pope in the Church's history, Pius IX reigned from June 16th, 1846 to February 7th, 1878 — 16,640,000 minutes. As the last monarchical Pope, he ruled over 3,000,000 subjects in the Papal States until 1870. It's about eight times as long as FDR's Presidential Term In other words, 50,000,000 minutes is 7.8510 times the length of FDR's Presidential Term, and the length of FDR's Presidential Term is 0.12740 times that amount. (a.k.a. Franklin Roosevelt, a.k.a. Franklin Delano Roosevelt) (1933-45) FDR, the 32nd President of the United States, served from March 4th, 1933 to April 12th, 1945, dying after 6,368,000 minutes in office. At the time of his sudden death, Elizabeth Shoumatoff was painting a portrait of Roosevelt which, never finished, now hangs in a museum at the site of Roosevelt's Presidential retreat in Georgia. It's about ten times as long as King Tut's reign In other words, the length of King Tut's reign is 0.10 times 50,000,000 minutes. (a.k.a. Tutankhamun, a.k.a. Tutankhaten, a.k.a. tVwa:t-ʕa:nəx-ʔaˡma:n) (1333 BCE - 1324 BCE) Pharaoh of the 18th dynasty, Tutankhamun begin his reign at the age of eight in 1333 BCE and remained pharaoh until 1324 BCE — 5,000,000 minutes later. When artifacts from Tut's tomb were on display at the Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York City, New York) from late 1976 to 1979, they were viewed by an estimated 8 million people. It's about eleven-and-a-half times as long as The Revolutionary War (American) In other words, 50,000,000 minutes is 11.350 times the length of The Revolutionary War (American), and the length of The Revolutionary War (American) is 0.08811 times that amount. (a.k.a. American War of Independence) (1775-83) The War between Great Britain and the its thirteen colonies in North America (now the United States) for the independence of the United States is generally considered to have started with the Battle of Lexington and Concord on April 18th, 1775 (sometimes known as "The Shot Heard 'round the World") and to have concluded with the signing of the Treaty of Paris on September 3rd, 1783 — 4,406,000 minutes. A total of 25,000 Americans are estimated to have died as a result of the war. It's about fifteen times as long as The Construction of the Chunnel In other words, 50,000,000 minutes is 14.880 times the length of The Construction of the Chunnel, and the length of The Construction of the Chunnel is 0.0672 times that amount. (a.k.a. Channel Tunnel, a.k.a. Le tunnel sous la Manche) (1987 thru 1994) (Folkstone, Kent, UK to Coquelles, Pas-de-Calais, France) The construction crew of the Chunnel broke ground in England on December 15th, 1987 and the tunnel was inaugurated by the Queen of England and the President of France on May 6th, 1994 — a total construction time of 3,357,000 minutes. The 4.9 million cubic meters of chalk excavated from the UK side of the Chunnel was dumped within sea walls to create the 299,467.38 sq. km (74 acre) Samphire Hoe County Park near Dover, Kent.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line166
__label__wiki	0.561562	0.561562	Past Tour Names Album Certifications Chart History Coral Reefer Band Business Facts Personal Facts Song & Lyrics Database TV & Movie Appearances Frozen Drink Makers Category: Margaritaville Restaurants Jimmy to christen Glendale Margaritaville March 20, 2008 April 6, 2008 Margaritaville Restaurants, Special Appearances 4 Comments A very good source says that Jimmy Buffett will appear at the Margaritaville Cafe in Glendale AZ in "Early April". It’s possible that he may perform. No further details are available. Update: The rumor mill says it will happen sometime between Wednesday April 9th and Friday April 11th. Margaritaville Opens in Panama City Beach March 6, 2008 April 6, 2008 Margaritaville Restaurants The News Herald has an article and a video clip on the opeing of the newest Margaritaville: "Cheeseburgers and more in paradise" Jimmy Buffett hasn’t arrived yet, but spring breakers, families and other parrotheads attended the opening of Buffett’s Margaritaville in Pier Park on Wednesday. Balloon hats rested comfortably on top of several patrons’ noggins, while bartenders served up interestingly named drinks, including Why Don’t We Get Drunk & …, Last Mango in Paris and Off to See the Lizard. “It’s gotta be ‘Cheeseburger in Paradise,’” said Robert Cocco, 20, referring not to the $8.95 meal but rather to his favorite Buffett tune. Cocco and several other spring breakers said the new restaurant was “awesome.” “Always liked him,” Craig Rich, a Eureka (Ill.) College student, said of Buffett. “I love just being on the beach and hanging out having a good time.” Manager Mike Whitmer said the restaurant’s live entertainment and atmosphere will be competing for the Spring Break dollar. “We think we’ll see some of them,” he said. “I know that’s a big part of March in Panama City Beach.” Panama City Beach Margaritaville Opens March 5th March 4, 2008 April 6, 2008 Margaritaville Restaurants 2 Comments From WMBB News 13: Jimmy Buffett’s Margaritaville is slated to open on Wednesday, March 5th. The two-level restaurant, designed like a marina, will feature a patio overlooking the Gulf of Mexico, a retail boutique, concert stage and indoor/outdoor bars. 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__label__cc	0.501021	0.498979	pornjk.com tube600.com xpornplease.com double down casino cleopatra slot http://cakein15.com/online-casino-blog-usa/ mount airy casino restaurants watchfreepornsex.com tube300.me Cake In 15 Music, Art, Theater, Photography The Cake Shop Num Num Jeff’s Concerts of 2010 Cake In 15 is proud to welcome new contributor Jeff McLaughlin! Jeff attends a lot of shows with and without Staciaann and C.A.S., so we figured he might as well be writing about them! Please enjoy his first (epic) post about 2010: Top Concert(s) of the Year The National came into town for two sold-out shows in First Avenue’s main room, touring on their new album, “High Violet”. An ultra-simple stage set provided room for the many (9+) musicians that took the stage on-and-off during their two shows. From the quietest songs to the most intense, The National does it all. And sometimes they do it on back-to-back songs, like they did on night #1. After doing a burning, brooding version of “Sorrow”, Matt took just a momentary pause before launching himself forward and screaming, “My mind’s not right. My mind’s not right. My mind’s not right. My mind’s not right,” to start “Abel”. It was an awesome, impossible transition. Matt also pulled off a memorable set-closer that night, constantly repeating “It takes an ocean not to break” on “Terrible Love” after jumping into the crowd and working his way straight through to the back of the club before disappearing. And, night #2 didn’t disappoint, with Justin Vernon making a guest appearance. Quite simply, these were the best shows of the year. The National, “Mr. November” The National, “Vanderlyle Crybaby Geeks” Grinderman Grinderman flat-out assaulted the main room recently, delivering what was easily the #1b concert of the year. A darkly lit tarp was draped floor to ceiling around all three sides of the stage for this show. I presumed this was an attempt to contain the damage from the carnage that was about to be unleashed upon us. And, though stopping short of sacrificing a virgin on stage, Grinderman did exactly that. Nick Cave reduced seemingly every woman in the room to mush (at least the ones I was standing with), while Warren Ellis did the same thing to every instrument he torched (yes, torched). This should be the “My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy” that everyone is talking about this year. Except that there is nothing beautiful about it. It’s sinister. Maybe even evil. You know it, but all you can do is succumb. Grinderman, “Kitchenette” Grinderman, “Worm Tamer” Honorable mention: Spoon I could easily call any one of Spoon’s three Minneapolis shows this year my favorite, and walk away… that’s how good Spoon was/is. They played two sold out shows at First Avenue in April, and then again at the Basilica Block Party in July. I have seen countless shows at First Avenue, and I have to say this was the best sound I’ve ever heard there. I was looking around the room for extra satellite speakers to help explain the enveloping sound. I then spent the second night moving from spot to spot around the mainroom, just to take in the different perspectives. It was my favorite band delivering a performance beyond my expectations. In fact, I was hesitant to see them again at Basilica, so good were the First Avenue shows. But, my fears were unwarranted. Not only did their superior command of sound transfer to the outdoors, but Britt seemed to be in a very playful mood – which only added to the show. This is a band at the peak of its game. Spoon, “Written in Reverse” Spoon, “Don’t You Evah” Most Fun/Intense/Insane show: I went to this show because a lot of people I trust told me it was not to be missed, and every other cool band in the country thought it was the coolest show. From the first song to the last, it was a constant onslaught of an insane amount of fun, and they brought more energy on stage than most bands ever do, and that’s bands of any age. On stage: a beer cooler, a chain smoking (usually supplied by a roadie mid-song) guitar player, a bass player with the most ridiculous pants, the infamous “THE CLUB IS OPEN” neon sign, and Robert Pollard doing high kicks and mic-twirls with the best of them. GbV put on the best ‘reunion’ show I’ve ever seen, and it was one of the most fun times I’ve ever had at First Avenue. Guided by Voices, “Game of Pricks” and “Smothered in Hugs” Honorable mention: MMM3 How else do you explain a 3 day, 78 hour marathon performance? It was insane. But, Mark Mallman didn’t coast, there was hour after hour of creativity on display at the Turf Club. A parade of Minneapolis musicians took turns on stage in support, and they pulled off the most insane undertaking in Minneapolis music this year. Mark Mallman, MMM3 Yeah, it was a great show (but you already knew that): Here’s another band that I saw at First Avenue and then again at Basilica. They are at their best live, and did not disappoint at First Avenue – but, I felt like they lost a little something at Basilica. It’s an awesome experience when 1,500 fans pack First Avenue and are fully engaged, sharing in every word of every song the entire night. It’s a slightly different experience when there are 10x as many people there, and maybe only 1/3rd of them are that fully engaged. I hope they go the multiple nights at First Avenue route the next time through, instead of moving up to a theater. Regardless, I can’t think of anyone that wouldn’t enjoy an Avett Brothers show. The Avett Brothers’ Tiny Desk Concert for NPR Music Honorable mention: Mumford & Sons Mumford & Sons absolutely exploded in Minneapolis this year with a (beyond) sold-out show at the Varsity Theater this spring, followed by a fall appearance at First Avenue. That First Avenue show sold out faster than any show there lately, maybe ever, according to First Avenue. Touring on their debut album, they’ve managed to garner the rabid fans that it’s taken the Avett Brothers years and years to gain. No matter, they are a band that must be seen live to fully appreciate, and you should do so. Just make sure your Rolodex is current, and extensive, you’re going to need some help getting in. Mumford & Sons, “White Blank Page” Personal Favorite band that came through town Heartless Bastards One of my favorite bands for the last few years has been Heartless Bastards, and I was very excited when they came to the Varsity Theater this year. You just had to love the fact that they just walked in the front door, walked through the crowd, and went on stage and did their own set-up. They are one of the most straightforward, honest rock bands going, with who I believe to be one of the best lead singers around right now in Erika Wennerstrom. With a voice that belies her small stature, she sings with such emotion. “Hold Your Head High” has been a go-to song for me for over the last year or so, and I can’t wait to see what’s next for Heartless Bastards. Heartless Bastards, “Hold Your Head High” Honorable mention: Superchunk Superchunk made quite a splash this year with their highly acclaimed new release “Majesty Shredding”, which made quite a few top ten lists across the nation. The band hadn’t really broken up, but was rather on a hiatus as Mac and Laura focused their attention on their record label, Merge Records. So, while not a reunion show, I hadn’t seen them since 1992, and I was very excited to see one of their (relatively rare) shows this December. I was not disappointed. Superchunk was phenomenal. Pull up videos from 1992 and 2010, and the only difference you’ll see is that the band members have a lot less hair. Other than that, Superchunk still writes and plays some of the best power pop/punk/pogo-jump inducing music around. Superchunk will make your day; any day. Superchunk, “Digging for Something” Show I went into blind, and was super impressed Sure, I’d heard “Odessa” on the radio – which is a great song – but that song almost paled in comparison to the rest of their set. So much creativity on display, it was unreal. I was expecting a couple of laptops, with a lot of techno mixing. Instead, Caribou had a wide array of instruments all jammed together in a tight circle in the middle of the stage, with the band members facing each other, each playing multiple instruments. It made for a very, very interesting and engaging show. Caribou, “Kaili” Honorable mention: Black Prairie With 3 members of the Decemberists in the band, I guess you can’t say it was totally blind. But, I think now that this is more than a side project. Black Prairie is largely instrumental, and more/less experimental. But, it makes for a very unique musical experience. You get the feeling that you are seeing music being created right before eyes. In fact, it felt a lot like what you’d think a Decemberists rehearsal would be like if 3 people got there early and were just killing time jamming while waiting for the rest of the band to arrive. This is music as art. Black Prairie, “Red Rocking Chair” Honorable mention: The Whigs The Whigs were totally unknown to me before they opened for The Hold Steady this summer. But, what I discovered was a really good southern rock band. With a powerhouse drummer, and a highly energetic and technical lead guitarist/singer, and – well – the definition of a “southern rock band bass player” bass player – The Whigs just nail it. They’re now touring with The Black Keys, as they both open up for Kings of Leon. And, I say “good luck” to KOL following these two bands. The Whigs, “Right Hand On My Heart” Show that I’ve been telling everyone to go to any & every time they come back It took a combination of a friend’s birthday party across the street, another friend’s leaving for Spain the next day, and a last-minute free ticket to get me to go to this show; but, boy am I glad I did. Dawes is fantastic live, literally spitting out one great song after another. Combine their energy with an adoring crowd, and it was a great evening at First Avenue. They’ve been to Minneapolis maybe six times this year, and I’m upset (in hindsight) that I missed the other five. Dawes, “When My Times Come” Honorable mention: Free Energy I think Free Energy has played in Minneapolis more than Dawes, maybe nine times, but I didn’t see them until the last one at the 400 Bar. This too was a last-minute decision to attend, and again it proved to be a good one. Free Energy literally comes alive live, though even their music videos do a good job capturing the essence of the band. Had they been around ten years ago, they could easily have done – actually they could have been – the intro theme for “The 70’s Show”. I’ll never forget how the room just exploded when they started “Bang Pop”; my friend was shocked the floor didn’t give out. Amazingly, the 6’2” college volleyball player young lady in front of me was demonstrating some serious standing vertical leaping ability for the entire song – along with pretty much everyone else in the room. If I ever get serious and throw a celebrity scale house party – this is the band that I’m going to have play. Free Energy, “Free Energy” Free Energy, “Bang Pop” Best “Rock Star/Celebrity” concert Dead Weather With multiple tour buses (no borrowed vans here), Jack White brought his Dead Weather project to Minneapolis to great fanfare. I’ve never seen as many people hanging around outside First Avenue all day before a show. They were waiting by the front door, the back door, the garage, and the buses – all in the hopes of catching a glimpse of Jack White. Even the sound check was private, closed to even First Avenue employees. They played a blistering set where it became clear that Alison Mosshart is the real star of this band. She bended, flailed, crouched, crawled, balanced, jumped, and strutted her way around the stage, and at one point, crawled atop a monitor right in front of me in a manner that was…well…almost inappropriate – in the best way possible; she is wildly addictive. Jack only came out from behind the drums once; but no matter, this was the purest “Rock Star” show this year. Dead Weather, “Hang You From The Heavens” Honorable mention: Hole With a fashionably late ‘doors open’ time of 10:00, I had time to catch a Twins game before heading over to First Avenue. And the late start got even later, when Courtney stretched ‘fashionably late’ too far by waiting well over an hour after the opening act finished before taking the stage after 12:30. But, the crowd was treated to a really good performance, including a lot of between song banter about her time living here in Minneapolis in the early 90’s. It’s impossible to read about Courtney and not read about her being a train wreck – but, not on this night. It was a straightforward rock show; heck, “Skinny Little Bitch” alone was worth the (not inconsequential) price of admission. Hole, “Skinny Little Bitch” New(er) Local Bands that I’ve seen a lot, and will continue to do so Romantica is just an awesome American folk rock band, with incredibly beautiful vocals from Ben Kyle. A band that’s easy to love. Romantica, “Quiver” Zoo Animal I’ve seen ZA inside, outside, in bars, etc. and I loved each and every performance. I especially enjoyed the post-Basilica Block Party set at the Loring Kitchen & Bar. It was a stripped down, not quite acoustic set, on a beautiful summer evening, in a beautiful setting, with some special company – it was a great night. I can’t wait to see what’s next for ZA. Zoo Animal, “Folded Hands” Red Pens The Red Pens are another band that I’ve seen inside, outside, in bars, and actually in/on a bowling alley. Red Pens just hits the spot for me. Red Pens, “Limitations” Peter Wolf Crier PWC has toured endlessly this year on their debut album, “Inter-Be”. It’s a stunning debut, and with equally engaging live shows, PWC has become one of my favorites. One moment this year stands out: when they were playing the main room in support of Dawes – one of their songs was being used on the NBC show “Chuck”, pretty much at the exact time they were on stage; very cool. I’m a little sad that they are not on my calendar for anything coming up here soon. Peter Wolf Crier, “Untitled 101” Communist Daughter I’ve seen them a few times this year, including once in Loring Park, and another time when they completely upstaged Rogue Valley at First Avenue for RV’s CD release concert. Communist Daughter is simply a beautiful band. Communist Daughter, “Oceans” And the rest…: The Black Keys, The Hold Steady, The Jayhawks, Arcade Fire, Deerhunter, Drive-by Truckers, Weezer, Bob Mould, Jay Farrar, Clinic, Atmosphere, Gayngs, Dan & Matt Wilson, Semisonic, The Drums, Frightened Rabbit, Ike Reilly, Kaiser Cartel, Dark Dark Dark, Brute Heart, Hildur Victoria, Goondas, Hastings 3000, Blue Rodeo, Roma di Luna, Ben Kyle & Carrie Rodriguez, Blue Sky Blackout, I Was In Vancouver, Pink Mink, Dessa, BNLX, Mayda, Rogue Valley, Rogue Wave, Twilight Hours, Surfer Blood, Lookbook, Har Mar Superstar, Marijuana Deathsquads, The Grownup Noise, Canasta, Solid Gold, Martin Devaney, and any number of opening acts that I don’t remember the names of. Wow, what a year! Author staciaann Tweets that mention Jeff’s Concerts of 2010 \| Cake In 15 -- Topsy.com - December 31, 2010 […] This post was mentioned on Twitter by Staciaann, CakeIn15. CakeIn15 said: Please welcome new Cake In 15 contributor @Jeff_Mcl! 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__label__wiki	0.75005	0.75005	Puz/zle Fadia Tomb El-Hage Fadia El-Hage was born in Beirut, Lebanon in 1962. She began her artistic career as a 16 year-old soloist with the famous Rahbani brothers, fathers of the Lebanese song in the twentieth century. That’s why she was working as a singer and an actress in many television, film and theater productions from an early age on. In 1984 she completed her studies in psychology at the Lebanese University and began her vocal studies in 1985 at the Richard Strauss Conservatory in Munich, where at the same time she worked with the ensemble of the Bavarian State Opera and the Bavarian Radio. In 1990 she gained her degree in opera singing, specializing in oratorio singing for two more years. Since then she has worked as a soloist with many ensembles - mainly with Sarband, but also with L'Orient Imaginaire, Vox, The King's Singers, Ars Nova, Fragments and TriOrient - and recorded numerous CDs with them. She was acclaimed as a singer with creative experience at numerous international festivals and concert halls (eg Berliner and Kölner Philharmonie, Library of Congress Theatre, Théâtre Châtelet, Palais des Beaux-Arts, Théâtre de l'UNESCO, Queen Elizabeth Hall, Baalbeck and Beiteddine Festivals in Lebanon). Fadia El-Hage interpreted several world premieres of Lebanese and French composers. She also took part as a solo artist in several dance productions from world-known choreographers, like Sidi Larbi Cherkaoui. She is one of the few female singers that master vocal techniques of both classical Western and Middle Eastern-Oriental music and combine them in an innovative manner. Her repertoire ranges from classical Arabic music over music from the European Middle Ages right up to contemporary music. Additional / traditional music Additional music Puz/zle, Origine, La Zon-mai Second cast Babel(words) Laatst bijgewerkt op 03 Juli 2012 La Zon-mai photo Koen Broos (tenzij anders aangegeven) Uitschrijving	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line171
__label__wiki	0.548416	0.548416	2011 Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG Gullwing 2011 Releases Mercedes-Benz Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG Ordering Guide Revealed July 17, 2009 Omar Rana 2011 Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG Gullwing, Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG, Supercars As we patiently wait for Mercedes-Benz to release complete details and high-res images of the upcoming Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG, we Mercedes-Benz Videos Video: Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG takes a lap around the Nurburgring July 16, 2009 July 16, 2009 Omar Rana 2011 Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG Gullwing, Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG, Nurburgring, Supercars Let’s go back-to-back with the SLS AMG right now. We just posted details on the upcoming Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG with ECO News Industry News Mercedes-Benz It’s Official: Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG electric-drive to get 526-hp July 16, 2009 Omar Rana 2011 Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG Gullwing, electric-cars, Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG, plug-in hybrids, Supercars Earlier this week, you may have thought that the report about a plug-in hybrid Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG was just a Edmunds drives the Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG Gullwing July 14, 2009 June 5, 2012 Omar Rana 2011 Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG Gullwing, Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG, Supercars We’ve seen the awkward looking prototype, the gorgeous interior, and we’ve seen some leaked images (allegedly). Well, Edmunds Inside Line Mercedes-Benz Spy Shots/Renderings Leaked? Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG Gullwing photo pops up on AutoBild July 11, 2009 June 5, 2012 Omar Rana 2011, 2011 Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG Gullwing, Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG, Photo Renderings, Rumors, Supercars What you’re looking at could be the first official photo of the upcoming Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG Gullwing. Courtesy of German ECO News Mercedes-Benz Mercedes-Benz SLS eDrive: AMG working on plug-in electric version of the SLS July 10, 2009 June 5, 2012 Omar Rana 2011 Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG Gullwing, Mercedes-Benz Gullwing, Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG Early next year, Mercedes-Benz will unveil the most extreme Benz they have ever built – the Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG. Power 2011 Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG Roadster also in the works April 14, 2009 Omar Rana 2011, 2011 Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG Gullwing, Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG, Supercars Mercedes-Benz has yet to officially unveil the new 2011 SLS AMG and already we’re hearing reports that a convertible, or Auto Shows Mercedes-Benz 2009 New York: Mercedes-Benz SLS Gullwing interior images and exterior sketches revealed April 9, 2009 April 9, 2009 Omar Rana 2009 New York Auto Show, 2011, 2011 Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG Gullwing, Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG, Supercars The Mercedes-Benz SLS Gullwing is starting to become one of the best-kept secrets of an automaker since the Porsche Panamera. 2011 Releases Mercedes-Benz Videos Videos: 2011 Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG Gullwing in Action March 25, 2009 March 25, 2009 Omar Rana 2011 Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG Gullwing, Mercedes-Benz Gullwing, Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG, Supercars Yes, as of right now the 2011 Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG looks very strange in its prototype form, but we can say	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line173
__label__wiki	0.904649	0.904649	David Harrison-Harrison songs LLC For A While The story behind the tune: "For A While" placed as semifinalist in Song Of The Year contest recently. Music publisher and songwriter Bob Dellaposta says that "For A While","Has a hit chorus." Nashville Songwriters Association International recommended the song to be played at it's quarterly "publishers luncheon." This song was written quickly and recorded even more quickly. It was one of those songs where everything fell into place and felt right in a short period of time. The songs speaks to the need to hang in there in tough times and something good is bound to happen. A special person will come along. It's about ending up satisfied in someone's company even if you only are with them "for a while" because you are so happy when they are around. Forever Nashville Songwriters Association International says of "Forever" "Forever" is catchy and joyful, we love this! It's simple, straightforward and universally understood. The hook is set up perfectly. The chorus is concise and light hearted and wastes no time." The idea behind writing "Forever" was to catch the feeling of a young couple that says we may not be perfect, but we're in love and everything else is secondary. The song is supposed to reflect the inspiration and joy that comes from being in love. The song went through multiple rewrites. Not only lyrically but the chorus was rewritten several times until I was satisfied I had caught the uplifting feeling I was aiming for. I really like how the song starts with a bit of the chorus to whet the appetite. The vocals were done by Scott Schwartz from Atlanta Georgia. Scott sings lead vocals for the band The Shadowboxers. He's a wonderfully emotive singer and really brings the song to life. Check out Scott and the rest the band at www.theshadowboxers.com "Forever" was smartly produced by Rob Dyson of Wizkid sounds in Atlanta Georgia	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line180
__label__wiki	0.696127	0.696127	Finmeccanica Trumpets Honolulu Rail Deal By News Release @ 10:10 PM :: 9605 Views :: Maui County, Education K-12, Energy, Environment, National News, Ethics, World News, Family News Release from Finmeccanica Nov 29, 2011 ROME: Finmeccanica: signed a contract worth USD 1,334 million for Honolulu driverless metro. Finmeccanica, through its companies Ansaldo STS and AnsaldoBreda, has signed a contract worth USD 1,334 million (net of Hawaiian GET tax) with HART (Honolulu Authority for Rapid Transportation) to supply the technology and vehicles for the new driverless metro line for the city of Honolulu (State of Hawaii). The contract, signed by Ansaldo Honolulu Joint Venture (consortium comprising Ansaldo STS and AnsaldoBreda), is for the design, construction, operation and maintenance of the new line for the city of Honolulu, which will be around 32 kilometers long and have 21 stations; Ansaldo STS’ share of the deal comes to USD 1,136 million and that of AnsaldoBreda to USD 198 million. The design and construction work is scheduled to take eight years, with the first stretch of track being operated and maintained from 2015 onwards and the whole line from 2019 to 2029. ---30--- HART: Official HART Release - Core Systems Contract Link: Ansaldo Honolulu	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line181
__label__wiki	0.855131	0.855131	The return of the gangmaster Philip Conford , Jeremy Burchardt \| 06 September 2011 The return of the gangmaster to British agriculture, exploiting migrant labour, has been condemned as something belonging to history rather than to the 21st century. But such exploitation is in fact a logical result of the system of contemporary food production and the EU's encouragement of labour mobility. Migrant labour has for centuries been a feature of European life. In Britain, use of migrant labour in agriculture became increasingly widespread in the early 19th century. From the 1820s it became common for gangmasters to recruit female and child labour for farmers reluctant to be responsible for full-time workers. This system led to many abuses. The 1867 Gangs Act brought regulation to the hiring of gangs and established a licensing system which contributed to the decline of the gangmaster system in England. It persisted in a less virulent form among Irish migrant labour. The gangmasters' licensing system was abolished in the UK in 1960. But increasing labour mobility in Europe from the 1950s, Britain's entry into the EEC, and the rise of supermarkets, all contributed to the return of the gangs system. By the mid-1980s it was responsible for a range of abuses and illegal practices. Despite cross-party concern in parliament and union opposition, late-twentieth-century governments of differing political persuasions were unwilling to take action. Even a major DEFRA report of 2003 had no impact. Following the deaths of 23 gang members in Morecambe Bay in 2004, legislation was finally passed to re-introduce the licensing of gangmasters. The scale of the problem however requires concerted international action, a change in consumer attitudes and more resources. Unless greater efforts are made to promote equality within the wider European labour market, agricultural gangs, and the abusive practices that historically have accompanied them, will continue to flourish. In the summer of 2010, the Farmers' Guardian reported that a Lancashire gangmaster company had had its licence revoked after investigators from the Gangmasters Licensing Authority (GLA) uncovered one of the worst cases of worker abuse in recent history. Whereas thirty points of non-compliance would have been sufficient to revoke the licence, Plus Staff 24 of Skelmersdale collected an astonishing 242 points for its treatment of Latvian fruit-pickers. The company kept them trapped in employment, working for less than the minimum wage; it provided them with "filthy and dangerous" housing and in some cases made deductions from their wages which left them with no money at all. When workers needed money they were offered loans with a six per cent repayment rate. Rosie Cooper, Labour MP for West Lancashire, argued that the case highlighted the need for the government to crack down on worker exploitation. "These practices belong to history, not in the 21st century," she said. The regrettable fact is that these practices are a systemic feature of British food production in the 21st century. Gangmasters have reappeared during the past three decades as one effect of political and economic policies which have encouraged the free movement of labour and the de-regulation of the workplace. Such was the extent of the abuse uncovered that, following a Private Member's Bill, Tony Blair's government passed the Gangmasters Licensing Act in 2004, and the GLA was established the following spring. Its passage to the statute book was facilitated by the notorious deaths in February 2004 of 23 cockle-pickers in Morecambe Bay, victims of a Chinese gangmaster. Crucial factors in the development of the current exploitation are the drive for "efficiency" which has been such a marked feature of agriculture and horticulture since the 1940s; the pressure exerted by supermarkets on their suppliers to keep costs as low as possible; and the EU's encouragement of the free movement of labour. These are all products of contemporary conditions, attitudes and policies, and make problematic a direct comparison with the past. However, a historical perspective is nevertheless essential for an understanding of the situation as it is today. The highlighting of similarities to, and differences from, the 19th-century era of agricultural gangmasters can help identify those aspects of the problem which have parallels in the past, and those which are specific to present circumstances and therefore require innovative responses. Migrant labour and 19th-century agricultural gangs There has always been considerable migrant labour in Europe: the present situation is not new when seen from a perspective which goes back beyond the twentieth century. In particular, movement westwards towards the North Sea has been a long-term feature of European life, with systems of migratory labour constituting a basic and integral part of the economic and social development of Europe. Migrant workers typically undertook tasks such as mowing, hay-making, harvesting, peat-cutting and brick-making. They were attracted by areas which enjoyed a well-developed economic infrastructure with capitalistic projects or single-crop cultivation; and which offered high wages. The areas from which the migrants travelled were particularly marked by the widespread predominance of small farms: a fact of continuing relevance today in relation to migrant workers from Eastern Europe. Migrant labour was likely to be found if there was a free labour market and two regions within reach of each other where wage and price levels differed considerably; it would tend to increase during periods of economic growth. Within Great Britain, there was a considerable need for migrant labour at harvest time during the late-18th century. Irish labour was indispensable during the Napoleonic Wars, increasing further after steamboat services across the Irish Sea began operating in 1816. By the early 1830s there was a huge demand for temporary workers from outside agriculture, many coming from industry and travelling long distances. There were inflows into England of labour from Scotland and Ireland. This flow peaked during the 1840s as famine struck in Ireland. Workers came to establish particular routes, staying with the same farmers each year. Farmers would ask certain Irish migrants to bring more workers the following year; those who did so became "gaffers" and organised gangs. Although the number of Irish migrant workers was by the 1880s at about half the peak of four decades earlier, hiring fairs and markets continued until as late as the 1940s. Farmers liked the Irish labourers on account of their capacity for hard work, their skill at hand-reaping, their mobility and their cheapness. The Irish accepted low wages and were therefore regarded by English workers with hostility and at times violently treated. It is not difficult to discern parallels with attitudes towards migrants from Eastern Europe in our own times. The Irish historian Barbara Kerr suggested that the Irish gangmasters were "responsible leaders" who protected their workers from wholesale exploitation; but she also acknowledged that there were many stories of gangmasters who proved dishonest on the way back to Ireland and withheld workers' wages. In England, the gang system became a well-entrenched and controversial feature of agriculture during the first half of the 19th century, being identified as early as 1826. Certainly, it was most commonly found in England's Eastern counties (Norfolk, Lincolnshire, Cambridgeshire), where larger farms and intensive cultivation were prominent and many forms of irregular work were needed, especially where newly-drained land required weeding. A major factor in the gang system's emergence was a lack of cottages and therefore of local labour. This shortage was often the result of landowners' unwillingness to foot the associated Poor Law expenses that went with settlements of labourers. One major difference between the situation today and that in the 19th century is that the gangs of that time consisted largely of women and of youngsters of both sexes. The 1867 Gangs Act defined a gangmaster as a person "who hires Children, Young Persons, or Women with a view to their being employed in Agricultural Labour on Lands not in his own Occupation". Female casual labour had become more common in the late 18th century: because of the increasingly intensive nature of English agriculture, there was a greater demand for hoeing and weeding. The use of female labour further increased from the mid-1830s, owing to the expansion of corn output. Another important factor affecting women was the punitive 1834 Poor Law Amendment Act, which led many to search for work. By 1843 the Poor Law Commissioners had identified the gang system as a thoroughly detrimental development. Gangmasters - who were generally of the same class as gang members, though with some talent for organisation - would mobilise teams of women and children, direct their work and be their paymasters. The Commissioners identified the following flaws in the system: the gang members undertook hard labour at piecework rates, with gangmasters taking any profits; uncertainty of employment, which depended on the weather; long walks to the place of work; less opportunity for education; the undue power of the gangmaster, often seen as a poor man oppressing his fellow poor; and the "imprudent" behaviour of some women, which set an undesirable moral example to the children. At some places, nearly half the gang members were between the ages of 7 and 13. The system offered various advantages for those who were not labouring as gang members. Landlords did not need to build homes, and they escaped the burden of responsibilities to workers in their parish under the Poor Law. Farmers had easily dismissible labour; migrant workers were more "disciplined" by the uncertainty of employment and likely to work harder - especially when threatened by violence. By the 1860s the gang system had spread to various other counties on the eastern side of England, though it remained strongest in Fenland areas. Much of the evidence for the harshness of the gang system was provided by government bodies, particularly the Children's Employment Commission. Typical work undertaken by children included weeding, stone-picking, setting and pulling potatoes, hay-making and picking turnips. Concern about the exploitation of children resulted in the passing of the Gangs Act of 1867, which specified that no child below the age of eight should be employed in a gang; that no females should be employed in gangs with men; and that gangmasters should be licensed by Justices of the Peace after an investigation into their characters. However, there was a distinction between "public" gangs, to which legislation applied, and "private" gangs (where farmers employed gang labour directly, in effect being their own gangmasters), to which it did not. It was therefore easy to evade the sprit of the Act by turning public gangs into private ones, and in Lincolnshire in particular this was swiftly done. Despite such sharp practice, the gang system went into decline in the later decades of the 19th century. Moral objections to the work became more powerful, and the introduction of compulsory education reduced the number of children available. Agricultural wages increased, making it less necessary for women to go out to work; having one's wives and daughters at home was a sign of rising social status. Flora Thompson recalled that in the 1880s bad memories of gangmasters gave "Candleford" women a strong distaste for field work. The 19th-century gang system has found defenders among historians, some of whom have argued that gangmasters played (and, by implication, still play) a benign role as mentors and facilitators. Some have even implied that conditions were not in fact as harsh as they were made out to be, and that objections to gang labour were typically Victorian moralising about loose sexual behaviour. Those of a more critical persuasion, like Tom Brass, take the view that capitalist agriculture needed - and still needs - to maintain its control over workers through coercion, in order to keep costs to a minimum (2004). In Brass's view, it was not a lack of availability of adult male labour, but its cost, which led farmers to prefer women and children. Irish migrants and English hop-pickers Agricultural gangs did not disappear altogether: there is the interesting case of migratory workers from Ireland - especially Achill Island - helping with potato harvesting in the Lothian region of Scotland. This had started as far back as the 1830s and continued into the late-20th century, as potato harvesting took a very long time to become fully mechanised. Achill migration followed the Irish famine, with the islanders recruited by gangmasters. These gangmasters, often employed by potato merchants, transported the workers, ensured that they undertook the work, and paid their wages. Scottish schoolchildren were employed under the gang system until the middle of the 20th century, still being used for harvesting in the years after 1945. Council-house children were used particularly, as they had less pocket money and often had family links with agriculture. But after 1962 children could no longer be granted exemption from school for agricultural work. Another area in which schoolchildren continued to be involved until the mid-20th century was hop-picking, which employed mainly women and children as migrant labour. They travelled from London to Kent or from Birmingham and its environs to Herefordshire and Worcestershire. Farmers hired recruiting agents, organised special trains and provided accommodation which could at times be of a poor and unsanitary standard. Children returned to school late for the autumn term, and from the end of the 1940s local authorities began to prosecute parents who connived at this. The numbers of migrant hop-pickers declined dramatically from the 1950s, owing to higher wages, paid holidays and more women working full-time. Migrant labour in post-war Europe From the late 1950s, mobility of labour in Europe greatly increased, especially from the Mediterranean to the north and west. There was also a dramatic increase in the number of Commonwealth and Irish immigrants to the UK. The Times saw this as beneficial for everyone involved, expanding the economies of both origin and destination countries. The European Coal and Steel Community, the Organisation for European Economic Co-operation and, after 1957, the EEC promoted free movement of labour during the 1950s and '60s. By the 1970s, one observer was describing the whole of the EEC, Mediterranean Europe, Turkey and North Africa as one vast labour market. Most migrants were unskilled, unmarried, and chiefly from the Mediterranean region, and 80 per cent of them were male. With the collapse of East European communist regimes at the end of the 1980s, earlier patterns of migration, as they had existed from around 1850 until 1939, resumed; predominantly they were from Eastern to Western Europe. It is within this context, and of the European Union, that the re-emergence of the gang system in UK agriculture and food processing should be understood. The return of gangmasters in Britain A study of The Landworker , the newspaper of the National Union of Agricultural and Allied Workers (NUAAW), reveals that the issue of gangmasters disappeared almost entirely from British agriculture for several decades during the 20th century, re-appearing in the 1980s. The licensing system established under the 1867 Act lasted until 1960, when that year's Local Government Act abolished it. Gangmasters were no longer seen as a problem, and minimum rates of pay had been established by the Agricultural Wages Act of 1948. With hindsight, it is clear that during the 1970s certain developments were creating the context in which the re-appearance of the gang system became ever more likely. In East Anglia, wages were low and housing sub-standard in comparison with other regions; the canning industry was increasingly bringing in outside labour; the proportion of seasonal and casual workers in agriculture and food processing had increased, and Britain's entry to the EEC in January 1973 posed major problems for the job security of British agricultural workers. By the early 1980s the NUAAW was concerned about the growing black economy in agricultural areas close to conurbations, where part-time British workers were threatening the jobs of farm workers by working for tax-free wages, without insurance or sick pay. In Scotland, thousands of casual raspberry pickers were working in 1930s conditions at static piece-work rates. But it was in Lincolnshire - as in the 19th century - that the gang system was most notably emerging once more, with increasing problems in Fenland areas where brassicas, bulbs and potatoes were grown. Gangmasters were exploiting seasonal labourers, taking advantage of unemployment to provide farmers with labourers who would work without holidays or sick pay. There was no security, and there was widespread abuse of Agricultural Wages Boards orders. John Selwyn Gummer, Under-Secretary of State for Employment, dismissed the concerns of Labour MP Joan Maynard, denying the existence of unscrupulous gangmasters and saying that their activities were covered by the law. The 1973 Employment Agencies Act required all such agencies to be licensed, but Maynard wanted specific six-month licenses for gangmasters, awarded by magistrates. The gang system was back with a vengeance by the end of the 1980s, particularly in the Fens. The Conservative MP for Holland with Boston, Sir Richard Body, worked with Joan Maynard to oppose it, but the Transport and General Workers' Union (TGWU) - of which the NUAAW had become the agricultural branch in 1982 - despaired of getting any action from the Thatcher government; indeed, the union regarded the gang system as the epitome of Thatcherite values. Anti-union legislation, it argued, had helped create a fearful, low-paid, non-union workforce. The TGWU saw the gang system as sustained by farmers, but arguably the impetus for its return was provided by supermarkets, a new factor in food production and distribution which exerted considerable pressure on the farmers to reduce costs. Cheap labour was also required in the increasing number of packing and processing plants which were now a part of the "vertical integration" of food production and marketing. The union set about establishing its own register of gangmasters and drawing up a Gangmasters' Charter; it also drew the government's attention to gangmasters who were committing offences under social security legislation, and in 1988 the government was forced to concede that the union had a case. Yet still no attempt was made to license gangmasters. In 1994, John Redwood's Deregulation and Contracting Out Act not only failed to legislate for the licensing of gangmasters, but also reversed the 1973 Employment Agencies Act by making it no longer necessary for any such agencies to be licensed. The establishment of the Gangmasters Licensing Authority As we saw earlier, it would be another ten years before Tony Blair's government finally passed legislation enabling the practices of unscrupulous gangmasters to be tackled. The case of the 23 dead cockle-pickers was just the tip of the iceberg. Innumerable cases of exploitation were identified by the TGWU, by Citizens' Advice Bureaux (CAB), and, above all, by the House of Commons. In 2003, the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Select Committee published its report on Gangmasters . Somewhere between two and three thousand gangmasters supplied about half of the 72,000 seasonal workers required by agri-business. CABs had provided powerful evidence of close connections between gangmasters and organised crime. Many gangmasters practised large-scale tax evasion; they failed to provide contracts, infringed minimum wage legislation, made illegal deductions from wages and, in a number of cases, employed their own security personnel. East Anglia had the largest number of problems, but other areas were not immune: there was cause for concern in the South-East, the Midlands, Bristol, Wales and Northern Ireland. Gangs were common in the food processing industry, as well as in agriculture and horticulture. They worked long hours for low wages, lived in squalid, barrack-like accommodation, and endured a culture of intimidation. Night-work was common, as was sickness from wet and cold conditions. Those who wanted to leave might be required to pay back the "recruitment costs" which gangmasters claimed to have spent on finding them their work. Like the Irish in the 19th century, many gang members also suffered hostility from local residents. Thanks to the Morecambe Bay deaths, the GLA was finally established in 2004, its mission being "To safeguard the welfare and interests of workers whilst ensuring Labour Providers operate within the law". Five years on, an Oxfam report on migrant labour revealed that abuse by gangmasters persisted, and that despite the licensing of more than 1,200 firms, many unlicensed organisations still existed. The GLA had achieved some real successes in rooting out rogue gangmasters, but it lacked resources and was disadvantaged by the workers' fears of retribution if they approached the Authority. Perhaps its biggest disadvantage, though, lies in the fact that it can operate only nationally, when an international approach is essential. The GLA has also taken the fight to the supermarkets, and in March 2010, after two years of discussion, supermarkets and suppliers agreed a protocol with the GLA, attempting to ensure that proper standards obtain all the way down the supply chain. This development was supported by the main supermarkets, the Fresh Produce Consortium, the Ethical Trading Initiative and the National Farmers' Union. The involvement of large-scale retail chains, of consumer pressure groups and of the NFU - none of which existed in the Victorian era - signifies a major difference of approach from that of the mid-nineteenth century. But whether the involvement of pressure groups - particularly if they are interested parties - can be as effective as strongly-enforced government intervention, must surely remain open to doubt. Conclusions and proposals The reappearance of gangmasters as a malign element in agriculture and food production is a predictable effect of contemporary social and economic forces. As in the 19th century, the gang system needs to be seen in the context of international pressures, of low wages and of lack of regulation. Now, as then, the poverty of small farmers acts to encourage migration, while larger farmers continue to seek efficiency through reducing labour costs. The geographical area from which migrant workers can be recruited has greatly expanded: the UK's membership of the EU, and the disappearance of the Iron Curtain, have extended it from the British Isles to most of post-Communist Europe. The principle of employing the poor and vulnerable remains the same, though, as does resistance to regulation. We have seen how long it took to re-establish the practice of licensing gangmasters in the late twentieth century; the Labour government also refused for several years to agree to the EU's Temporary and Agency Work Directive, which was proposed in 2002 but which the UK blocked until 2008. The Directive's aim is to harmonise laws across Europe to prevent a "race to the bottom" in working conditions. The present situation also contains elements which were absent in the 19th century: the links with international crime, the power of supermarkets to pressurise farmers, and the vertical integration of food production, processing and marketing. Supermarkets have helped create a situation whereby it is uneconomic to employ labour directly. The contracting out and sub-contracting of work mean that neither supermarkets nor producers are legally liable for the pay and conditions of agricultural workers. How, then, can this blight be tackled? The CAB has identified the need for more financial support; for preventative advice in other EU countries; for information to be available in languages other than English; for local authorities to monitor housing conditions closely; and for foreign embassies to be made more aware of the problems. It is clear that the GLA could be still more effective if it were granted increased resources, and that Europe-wide co-operation is essential if a problem exacerbated by a Europe-wide policy of free movement of labour is to be brought under control. Since much gangmaster activity is illegal, the co-operation must involve international policing. To deal with the problems therefore requires more regulation, and more resources to ensure that regulations can be enforced. The GLA's work shows that a good deal can be achieved, but its need for increased powers and funding could hardly come at a worse time, with Britain facing massive cuts in public expenditure and the Coalition government favouring policies of de-regulation. Agricultural Wages Boards are already under threat. But what of the causes that make exploitation of cheap labour inevitable? Here, proposals for change require what amounts to a cultural and economic shift. Underlying the present system of food production in Britain are the assumptions, firstly, that efficiency should be measured according to how few workers can be employed, and, secondly, that consumers have a right to cheap food. The all-powerful supermarkets exert pressure on their suppliers, and the suppliers regard labour as a commodity which must cost as little as possible. Perhaps the protocol recently agreed between the GLA and supermarkets will ease the situation, but government regulation would be more rigorous than self-policing. Another step in the right direction might be to make the Fairtrade symbol applicable to UK foodstuffs as well as to produce from overseas; but resistance from the farming industry would be very hard to overcome. In the end, though, any government would face the problem of persuading the public that they cannot take cheap food - or indeed any food - for granted as they have done for the past 50 years or more. To value agriculture as the most important of human activities, and to treat its workers in a way which reflects that status, would help to even the balance between consumer and producer. Beyond this, we need to look to a wider economic and international context. Events in the 19th century showed that the gang system took hold where there was poverty. As we have seen, the European labour market now extends well beyond the boundaries of the EU. There is no escaping the fact that much more committed efforts to reduce economic inequalities between and within the countries that make up this wider region are required. Failing this, the flow of migrant agricultural labour and the abuse-prone gangs that historically have always accompanied it, will continue. Burchardt, Jeremy Conford, Philip Migration and identity Tom Brass, "'Medieval Working Practices'? British Agriculture and the Return of the Gangmaster", Journal of Peasant Studies Vol.31/2, January 2004, pp. 313-40. W. Hasbach, A History of the English Agricultural Labourer, 2nd impression 1920, P. S. King. Felicity Lawrence, Not on the Label , Penguin 2004. John Patrick, "Agricultural Gangs in Victorian England", History Today Vol. 36, March 1986, pp.21-26. Gangmasters Licensing Authority website, http://www.gla.gov.uk/. Dr. Philip Conford is a leading authority on the history of the organic movement in Britain; his book The Development of the Organic Network, 1945-1995 was published in the spring of 2011. paconford@aol.com Dr. Jeremy Burchardt is a lecturer in rural history at the University of Reading, and has published widely in nineteenth and twentieth century rural history. j.f.s.burchardt@reading.ac.uk	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line185
__label__wiki	0.952699	0.952699	Hope's History HISTORY OF HOPE PARISH CHURCH Over time several histories of the church have been compiled. In April 2007 a new leaflet was produced using the various sources and is available in the church. The information it contains is set out below. Hope Parish Church is dedicated to St Cynfarch of the C5th and St Cyngar of the C6th. Both were Celtic saints and descendants of Cunedda. The Church Through the Ages The earlier churches on the site would have been of timber construction but we can assume that in the last quarter of the C12th a small stone church was erected, roughly 15`x30`, the centre wall of the south aisle belonging to the early church. The church was extended eastwards in the C13th and to the west in the late C14th. There is evidence of a south pointed doorway under the plaster in the Children’s Corner found during the 1953 restoration (where the organ is now situated). 1490 to 1500 saw an extension to the north side. The south wall contains two 4`6``diameter mill-stones of the C13th, taken out of the church. The Crypt is entered from outside the east wall by means of steps – this now houses the central heating boiler. The original remains of ancient glass of about 1500 were incorporated in the east window in 1730 and illustrate the Te Deum. The south aisle east window was inserted at the 1490-1500 extension, replacing the Early English window. Nearby the bottom portion of the Piscina has been plastered over and only the double recess with plain pointed arches survives. The south aisle became the Trevor Chapel in the early C17th with the effigies of Sir John Trevor in ermine and period dress; the surrounding 23 coloured badges depict the lineage of the Trevors with the Royal and Noble Tribes of Wales. Sir John was secretary to the Earl of Nottingham who served the Navy in reigns of Elizabeth I and James II and was builder of Plas Teg Hall, Pontblyddyn in 1610. He died aged 67 in 1629. The original timbers in the south aisle dated from 1500 but had to be replaced in the restoration of the year 2000 due to dry rot. The west window is a memorial to a late Rector, Rev. John Vaughan Lloyd M.A., who died 1859 aged 52, above which the keystone became loose and was replaced in the restoration of 2000. The original north wall was 2’ 6” wide but was entirely re-built to 2’3” in 1825. The original medieval font is now in Llanfynydd Church. In 1820 it was given to Rector Neville of Hawarden who placed it in his garden. In 1902 it was later given to St Matthews Church, Buckley and was returned to Hope only to be finally presented to Llanfynydd. The modern font is in Caen stone, costing £25 in 1867 and belongs to the first half of the C17th. It was moved from the top of the west entrance steps to the south aisle in the restoration of 2000 when this area became known as the Lady Chapel. The new Lady Chapel altar was made from oak taken from the church at this time and was designed and crafted by Mr Edwin Jones of Cefn-y-Bedd. In 1953 during internal restoration, remains of murals were found on the plastered walls. That of St Christopher appeared on the short south wall and belongs to the early C16th; only fragments in a case now remain of this fresco. The two frescos on the arcade wall consist of unreadable text which did not come into fashion until the early C17th when people were becoming more literate. The floor of the nave was raised in 1884 and is now 3’ 8” above the west entrance in the tower. The expense of building the nave was borne by the Stanley family, the first Earl of Derby, overlord of Hopedale, Moldsdale and Hawarden and his second wife Margaret Beaufort who lived at the old castle, Hawarden. The Tower and Bells The tower was built as an independent structure in three stages to allow for the settlement of a superincumbent mass of stone upon the foundation and was joined to the nave between 1520 and 1560. It is likely that the Third Earl of Derby was the benefactor for the building of the tower, being the only wealthy person in a district devoid of wealth at that time. The tower houses the bell chamber and the clock mechanism, above which is housed a ring of six bells which are a memorial to those who gave their lives in the Great War of 1914 to 1918 and was dedicated in 1921. They are a complete ring of bells from the Loughborough Foundry of John Taylor & Company and are hung in a metal frame made up of steel castings and “H” section steel beams supported on large balks of timber. The Tenor Bell in G natural, weighs 9cwts : 3 qrs : 24lbs with the inscription:- “1914-19 /FOR ALL WHO FOUGHT / FOR ALL WHO FELL / FOR VICTORY” The Treble Bell weighs 2cwts:2qrs:25lbs The Second Bell weighs 3cwts:3qrs:17lbs The Third Bell weighs 4cwts:3qrs:0lbs The Fourth Bell weighs 5cwts:3qrs:2lbs The Fifth Bell weighs 7cwts:0qrs:2lbs A small Priest’s bell was added in 1966. Three old bells were melted down when the present ring was cast and bore the following inscription:- Treble:- JESVS _ BE _ OVR _ SPEED 1623 Second:- GOD . SAWE . HISS . CHVRCH . 1720 . RE . TE . SI . EI . WARDENS. GABRIEL WYNNE RECTOR RALPH ASHTON – LUKE ASHTON. Tenor:- PE. 1793 The Changing Face of the Church since 1825 The main restorations of the church within the last two centuries are recorded as having been carried out in the following years: 1825 The north wall of the nave was re-built on the old foundations and Hanoverian windows were substituted for the medieval windows on the north and south walls. The plaster covered ceiling of the aisle was uncovered to reveal the ancient timbered roof. 1852 The Hanoverian windows in the north and south walls were taken out and replaced with modern windows of Gothic character. 1859 The nave was re-roofed, the western gallery demolished and new altar rails were set up. Approximate cost £350 1884 A major restoration was carried out under the architect J.O.Scott, son of Sir Gilbert Scott. The organ was removed from the west end gallery of the nave to the east end of the south aisle. The jambs of the Tower Arch had to be restored owing to the damage done in removing the organ. The church-wardens’ seven feet-high pew and the four feet high box pews were all destroyed and modern seating was substituted. The flag floor of the nave and aisle was raised fifteen inches and re-laid with modern tiles. Two of the east end buttresses were rebuilt and new doors fitted. The work was carried out by E.O.Probert of Glan Aber, Hope and cost approximately £2,000. 1912 The tower was repaired, masonry pointed and walls cleared of ivy. New stone steps were placed in the tower entrance. Cost £160. 1953 A thorough internal restoration of the plastered walls and a complete redecoration took place under the vigilant eye of Rector Rev. E. Hughes M.A. who was responsible for the preservation of the mural paintings discovered at the time. 2000 – The Millennium Restoration This was a major structural and internal restoration. The main problem was found to be that the structure of the south aisle was shifting from that of the north aisle. The church was gutted and the roof removed. The south aisle wall was concrete reinforced from east to west. The nave walls were tied from north to south with steel rods. The South aisle trusses were removed due to dry rot and new oak trusses were fashioned to be exact replicas of each of the old ones. Windows were removed and replaced after structural work was completed. The organ needed to be removed since there was subsidence into the crypt beneath, and it was relocated from the east end of the south aisle to the west end of the south aisle. Floor tiles were removed, the floor levelled and the tiles replaced. Walls were plastered and re-painted, and the font was moved from the top of the west end door steps to the new Lady Chapel. New chairs were purchased for the Lady Chapel and funded by personal donation at £100 each. The tower too had moved. The parapet was dismantled and re-built; lead flashings replaced; lightning conductor replaced; shutters repaired; stone work repaired; clock movement removed, face painted and replaced after completion; joists and floor repaired; beams steel tied to roof beams! The total cost for this restoration was over £537,000 and was funded by community fundraising, the National Lottery Heritage grant and a grant from CADW. The work was carried out by Chester Masonry. Significant Features During the restoration, in July 2000, a square block of stone with the head of a Celtic Cross was found in a hep of rubble which had been removed from the arcade wall between the north and south naves, and is dated between 9th century and 11th century. In December 2013 this was incorporated in the west wall of the south aisle, to the left of the window, a project of the Friends of Hope Church. It is believed to be part of a carved sandstone slab which was probably used as a grave marker, and the stone is likely to be Cefn-y-Fedw sandstone from the area between Llanymunech and Minera. It is rare to find carvings like this in North East Wales, though they are common in north west and sout west Wales, in Scotland, Ireland and the Isle of Man. Its Celtic design fits in with the Celtic dedication of the church to St Cyngar and St Cynfarch, and with the rounded churchyard, and it shows no sign of Viking influence despite the proximity of Viking settlement in the Chester area in the early 10th century. The church is grateful to Professor Nancy Edwards of Bangor University for her help and advice. The Organ – The nucleus of the organ originated from an old chamber organ given by Queen Caroline to the Atcherley’s of Cymau Hall. It was given by Miss Lucy Topping, sister-in law to David Francis Atcherley of Cymau Hall and was installed in a gallery at the west end of the church in 1852 (the old harmonium being sold for £4). It was moved to the east end of the south aisle in 1884, was rebuilt in 1905, enlarged in 1911 and as mentioned above was moved in 2000 to the west end of the south aisle due to subsidence into the crypt below. The Reredos – was erected in 1916 in memory of Rector Thomas Evan Jones 1881-1915 from donations by friends and parishioners. The Pulpit – is of late Jacobean design with main parts of Tudor style. This type of carving was typical in North Wales until 1700. The Altar Cross – was presented in 1899 by R.T.B.Atcherley (residing in London at the time) in memory of his aunt, Miss Elizabeth Atcherley of Rhyl who died 1894. The Tower Clock – 1760 – was a gift from Mr Jones, Coal Chimney’s, Hope and was repaired and re-painted to commemorate the wedding of Rev. John Rowlands and Miss E.A.Frost of Meadowslea, Pen-y-ffordd in 1880. The O’Connor Window – was originally in the west gable end of the south aisle (behind where the organ now stands) and was installed in memory of Rev. J.Vaughan Lloyd at a cost of £30 in 1860. It was incorporated in the centre window of the south wall during the maintenance of the window in 2003. The Church Hall. In 1838 a Church School was built at Bridge End, Caergwrle and after serving its time as a school and then a Church Institute, was sold. In 1985 a school unit was bought and put on the site of the old coach house) which was in sad disrepair. It was clad with stone taken from the old coach house. The stone cross from the roof of the old Church Institute was erected as a feature to front the new Church Hall and so retain a link with the old Church School of bygone years. Hope Parish Church, Hawarden Road, Hope, Wrexham, LL12 9NG	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line187
__label__wiki	0.783294	0.783294	State bills will go through the State Senate and the State House. Bills going through the Senate begin with S. Bills going through the House begin with HR. There is no set order of the two branches it must go through first or second. If it goes first through the Senate it will then go through the House. If it first goes through the House it will then go through the Senate. A bill must pass through both branches before it will be considered law. State bills fo to the govenor while national bills go to the president. Rhode Island Judicial Circuits Rhode Island Counties Rhode Island Governor Gina Raimondo Rhode Island Loutinent Govenor Daniel J. McKee Rhode Island Attorney General Peter Kilmartin U.S. Senators representing Rhode Island should not be confused with Rhode Island State Senators. Each state has two US Senators, and each state's two make up the 100 U.S. Senators. However, there are far more than 100 total senators. Rhode Island US Senator Jack Reed Rhode Island US Senator Sheldon Whitehouse Rhode Island U.S. House Representatives should not be confused with Rhode Island State House Representatives. Rhode Island has 2 U.S. House Representative. Rhode Island State Senators should not be confused with Rhode Island US Senators. Rhode Island has 38 Senators. Rhode Island State House Representatives should not be confused with Rhode Island US House Representatives. Rhode Island has 75 State House Representatives. Rhode Island Senate Rhode Island House	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line188
__label__cc	0.699128	0.300872	Find hotel rooms, apartments, resorts, and villas in over thousands of locations. Find the best hotel rates in Omaha, Nebraska. Browse our hoteles to get started and read our hotel reviews, written by customers just like you. We offer Family, Budget or Luxury accommodations with major hoteles chains as well as those special smaller hoteles. Locate your hotel on our map with one click. Details of your selected hotel also show online. Low prices, secure booking and never any booking fees ever. When you visit Omaha, Nebraska, prepare to be amazed You will find a riverfront that is a showplace, a downtown renaissance, a burgeoning metropolitan area, world-class entertainment, and a host of festive events taking place year round. Located along the banks of the Missouri River at Nebraska's eastern border, Omaha is the state's largest city. Visitors can choose from a number of museums. The Joslyn Art Museum is Nebraska’s only general art facility. Its collection includes selections ranging from western art to works of the Old Masters. The Joslyn is housed in an unusual building that is a hybrid combining art-deco and neoclassical design. The interior is truly impressive, with 38 different varieties of marble having been used in the construction of the floors and walls. At the Durham Western Heritage Museum, there is much to see and admire. The art-deco building was once a railroad terminal, and is an attraction in itself. The chandeliers and murals inside bring to mind the lost glamour of rail travel. The museum's exhibits detail the development of Omaha and include an impressive collection of historic coins, maps and documents. Interesting sections of the city include the historic Old Market, bounded by 10th, 13th, Harney and Jackson streets. Visitors and locals alike feel transported to the late 19th century as they stroll down the cobblestone streets. The area contains art galleries, boutiques, specialty shops, sidewalk vendors, pubs and restaurants. The Heartland of America Fountain and Park, east of the Old Market, lies on 31 acres of riverfront property. In bold contrast to the city's stately, older buildings, Mutual of Omaha's Dome at 33rd and Dodge streets exemplifies the union of contemporary architecture with energy efficiency. As the corporate headquarters for such companies as Berkshire Hathaway Inc., ConAgra Foods, Gallup Organization, Mutual of Omaha and Union Pacific Corporation, the building bears witness to the city’s diversified economic base. At nearby Offutt Air Force Base, the U.S. Air Force's Strategic Command (STRATCOM) guides military operations around the globe. An ambitious new riverfront project will develop the 422-acre Qwest Convention Center and Arena, the National Park Service's Midwest headquarters, and a pedestrian bridge linking Omaha and Council Bluffs. Just outside of Omaha's metropolitan area to the northwest are Standing Bear and Glenn Cunningham lakes. These lakes were formed by earthfill dams built by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and offer a host of water sports activities. The 300-acre Neale Woods Nature Center overlooks the Missouri River Valley and contains 7.5 miles of wooded and prairie trails	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line190
__label__wiki	0.883332	0.883332	Vikes Male Rookies of the Year finalists VICTORIA – The University of Victoria Vikes varsity programs are wrapping up the majority of their seasons as the annual Celebration of Champions and UVic Sports Hall of Fame event draws closer. Earlier today, Mar. 19, the Robert T. Wallace Shield for female rookies of the year were announced. The Male Rookies of the Year nominees for 2017-18 include rugby stand out Jackson Matthews, Canada West cross country Rookie of the Year Brandon Vail and field hockey defender and starter Jonathan Walters-Shumka. Nominee: Jackson Matthews, Men’s Rugby – Beaconsfield, Que. (Business) Playing with a maturity well beyond his years, rookie Jackson Matthews has been a mainstay on the University of Victoria Vikes men’s rugby team since the moment he arrived on campus. Originally from Beaconsfield, QC, Matthews not only earned his way onto the varsity team but is also the team’s number one choice at 8-man, a highly-demanding position that is usually played by a senior athlete. A member of the national U19 & U20 Canadian teams, Matthews was a standout player on the Vikes team that won silver at the Canadian University National Championships, being named MVP of the game that saw the Vikes defeat UPEI by a score of 95-0. Dealing with the rigours of an eight month season, Matthews has played a key role in a turnaround that has seen the Vikes win four of their last five games. Nominee: Brandon Vail, Men’s Cross Country – Edmonton, Alta. (Engineering) Brandon Vail accomplished just about everything he possibly could during an extremely successful first year with the University of Victoria Vikes men’s cross country team. An Engineering major, Vail was the top Vikes finisher at the 2017 U SPORTS Cross Country National Championships on home soil at Beacon Hill Park. Crossing the line in a time of 32:01.79, Vail finished 21st overall in the nation while his fifth-place finish among Canada West runners, earned him a nod as a Canada West First Team All-Star. Along with the conference all-star spot, Vail who is originally from Edmonton, AB, was also the Canada West Rookie of the Year and posted the second-best time of any rookie in the nation. Outside of his amazing run at nationals, Vail was the 2017 B.C. Junior Cross Country Champion, the top Vikes finisher at the provincial championships, and also qualified for the Canadian Junior Men’s Team to race at the Pan American Cup in El, Salvador. Nominee: Jonathan Walters-Shumka, Men’s Field Hockey – Victoria, B.C. (Science) Starting all 16 games that the University of Victoria Vikes men’s field hockey team have played in the Vancouver Men’s Field Hockey League in 2017-18, Jonathan Walters-Shumka has been one of the top players on the team in just his first year at the university level. A Science major, Walters-Shumka has been forced to adapt to not only a new level of play, but also a new position. The native of Victoria, B.C. has transitioned into the team’s central defender this season, rising to the challenge of shutting down both current and former Canadian National team players in the highly-competitive league. Certain to be a fixture on the Vikes for years to come, Walters-Shumka has yet to miss a practice this season as he displays leadership qualities well-beyond his young age. Female Rookies of the Year were announced earlier in the day on Mar. 19. The Robert T. Wallace Shield for Male and Female Rookies of the Year will be presented on Apr. 4. Celebration of Champions University of Victoria Vikes UVic Sports Hall of Fame Vikes Women’s Field Hockey Sophia Berk discipline helps keep everyone safe Vikes Swimmer Hellard Hatches Volunteer Initiative During COVID Heggelund finds new home in Victoria Mother-son combo returns to Vikes hoops Former Vike Kala Stone Joins Cross Country and Track Coaching Staff Inaugural Shim’s Ride set to launch later this month	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line191
__label__wiki	0.977272	0.977272	Technology \| By admin Facebook donates £1 million to help save UK’s WWII code-breaking center Bletchley Park Facebook is donating £1 million ($1.3 million) to Bletchley Park, the UK center for Allied code-breaking during World War II that now operates as a museum. The Bletchley Park Trust, a registered charity, announced in August that the site was facing a revenue shortfall of £2 million because of falling visitor numbers caused by the coronavirus. Because of the drop in revenue (amounting to 95 percent of annual income), the park announced it was considering 35 redundancies, constituting a third of its workforce. Facebook’s donation will save some of these jobs, but it’s not clear how many. Bletchley Park was home to the world’s first programmable digital computer Facebook said it made the donation in recognition of Bletchley Park’s “ongoing legacy as a birthplace of modern computing.” The park’s code-breakers and mathematicians not only cracked the Enigma codes used by the Nazis, an achievement that some historians say shortened the length of the war by two to four years, but they also made key theoretical and engineering breakthroughs. These include the creation of Colossus, the world’s first programmable digital computer, and the work of Alan Turing, the English mathematician who is seen as the father of modern computer science and artificial intelligence. At its height, the code-breaking operation at Bletchley Park included some 10,000 employees, with women constituting roughly 75 of the workforce. “The historic achievements of Alan Turing and the Bletchley team have benefited all of us greatly, including Facebook, and we’re thrilled to help preserve this spiritual home of modern computing,” said Steve Hatch, Facebook’s vice president of Northern Europe, in a press statement. The UK is Facebook’s biggest engineering hub outside the US, home to more than 3,000 employees, with more than half working in engineering roles. In a press statement, Bletchley Park CEO Iain Standen said the site was “very grateful to Facebook” for its donation. “With this significant support, the Bletchley Park Trust will be better positioned to operate in the ‘new world’, and keep its doors open for future generations,” said Standen. The Verge has reached out to the Bletchley Park Trust to ask how many jobs may be saved by Facebook’s donation and will update this story if we hear more. Apple reportedly planning big iMac redesign and half-sized Mac Pro 2021 MacBook Pro will ditch the Touch Bar and bring back MagSafe, says Kuo Instacart will give shoppers $25 when they take time off to get the coronavirus vaccine	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line196
__label__wiki	0.654252	0.654252	Processo de Admissão 2021 CONHEÇA O LAMAXI Rede Pitágoras Home/Ensino e Formação/Ensino Fundamental Ensino Fundamental Equipe Lamaxi 2017-09-17T23:20:55+00:00 The English and their History Robert Tombs : DOC Robert Tombs In The English and their History, the first full-length account to appear in one volume for many decades, Robert Tombs gives us the history of the English people, and of how the stories they have told about themselves have shaped them, from the prehistoric 'dreamtime' through to the present day. If a nation is a group of people with a sense of kinship, a political identity and representative institutions, then the English have a claim to be the oldest nation in the world. They first came into existence as an idea, before they had a common ruler and before the country they lived in even had a name. They have lasted as a recognizable entity ever since, and their defining national institutions can be traced back to the earliest years of their history. The English have come a long way from those precarious days of invasion and conquest, with many spectacular changes of fortune. Their political, economic and cultural contacts have left traces for good and ill across the world. This book describes their history and its meanings from their beginnings in the monasteries of Northumbria and the wetlands of Wessex to the cosmopolitan energy of today's England. Robert Tombs draws out important threads running through the story, including participatory government, language, law, religion, the land and the sea, and ever-changing relations with other peoples. Not the least of these connections are the ways the English have understood their own history, have argued about it, forgotten it, and yet been shaped by it. These diverse and sometimes conflicting understandings are an inherent part of their identity. Rather to their surprise, as ties within the United Kingdom loosen, the English are suddenly beginning a new period in their long history. Especially at times of change, history can help us to think about the sort of people we are and wish to be. This book, the first single-volume work on this scale for more than half a century, and which incorporates a wealth of recent scholarship, presents a challenging modern account of this immense and continuing story, bringing out the strength and resilience of English government, the deep patterns of division, and yet also the persistent capacity to come together in the face of danger. They have two robert tombs stores, which serve the same food though sweetmeats may vary. 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As the city's chief administrator and official representative, the mayor is responsible for the general management of the city the english and their history and for seeing that all laws and ordinances are enforced. The English and their History.pdf The English and their History.txt The English and their History.epub The English and their History.fb2 The English and their History.mp3 The English and their History book Tempering: The English and their History If you did everything right quenching, your steel is around 65RC and fragile as glass. Kip Winger Songwriter Interviews The Winger frontman reveals the Led Zeppelin song he cribbed for The English and their History "Seventeen, " and explains how his passion for orchestra music informs his songwriting. Lines represent model The English and their History predictions and dots represent observations. 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The hospital must in the english and their history, the first full-length account to appear in one volume for many decades, robert tombs gives us the history of the english people, and of how the stories they have told about themselves have shaped them, from the prehistoric 'dreamtime' through to the present day. rather to their surprise, as ties within the united kingdom loosen, the english are suddenly beginning a new period in their long history. especially at times of change, history can help us to think about the sort of people we are and wish to be. this book, the first single-volume work on this scale for more than half a century, and which incorporates a wealth of recent scholarship, presents a challenging modern account of this immense and continuing story, bringing out the strength and resilience of english government, the deep patterns of division, and yet also the persistent capacity to come together in the face of danger. provide the notice at or near admission, but no later than 2 calendar days following the beneficiary's admission to the hospital. 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In in the english and their history, the first full-length account to appear in one volume for many decades, robert tombs gives us the history of the english people, and of how the stories they have told about themselves have shaped them, from the prehistoric 'dreamtime' through to the present day. rather to their surprise, as ties within the united kingdom loosen, the english are suddenly beginning a new period in their long history. especially at times of change, history can help us to think about the sort of people we are and wish to be. this book, the first single-volume work on this scale for more than half a century, and which incorporates a wealth of recent scholarship, presents a challenging modern account of this immense and continuing story, bringing out the strength and resilience of english government, the deep patterns of division, and yet also the persistent capacity to come together in the face of danger. february, the hotel was renamed the hyatt west hollywood. Once most of frieza's solders are defeated, shisami, one of the army's best men, steps in in the english and their history, the first full-length account to appear in one volume for many decades, robert tombs gives us the history of the english people, and of how the stories they have told about themselves have shaped them, from the prehistoric 'dreamtime' through to the present day. rather to their surprise, as ties within the united kingdom loosen, the english are suddenly beginning a new period in their long history. especially at times of change, history can help us to think about the sort of people we are and wish to be. this book, the first single-volume work on this scale for more than half a century, and which incorporates a wealth of recent scholarship, presents a challenging modern account of this immense and continuing story, bringing out the strength and resilience of english government, the deep patterns of division, and yet also the persistent capacity to come together in the face of danger. to fight. 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Description it's a great feeling when you find out the places you go offer entertainer discounts. You must go to 1024 the southern part of the zone and kill 4 frostmaul giants and 4 frostmaul preservers in the gorge before the demons. Quick release keyring photon quick release keyring attaches to gear or keychain for easy access. Avro keyboard, simply the best bangla typing software, breaks all old records, wipes out 1024 obstacles, rewrites history and recreates tradition! A subsequent appeal was denied, and 1024 monetary sanctions against clark were allowed. 1024 discussion in ' eastern europe ' started by jonimaus, jan 26. Curta o Lamaxi no Facebook Estamos esperando o seu contato Telefone: (31) 3334-9417 WhatsApp: (31)9.9313-5028 Obs: Durante a pandemia estamos atendendo apenas pelo número do WhatsApp. Copyright 2016 - Sistema Lamaxi de Ensino \| Todos os Direitos Reservados	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line197
__label__wiki	0.819303	0.819303	Just who exactly is a 'moderate' Arab leader? http://www.michaelfreund.org/9344/just-who-exactly-is-a-moderate-arab-leader US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice has come and gone on her latest visit to the Middle East, but about the only thing she left behind was a trail of confusion and bewilderment. Prior to Rice's arrival, her trip was billed as an effort to bolster "moderate Arab leaders" in the area. On January 9, State Department spokesman Sean McCormack told reporters that one of the secretary's goals would be to "support those forces of moderation in the region." That sounds reasonable enough. After all, the Middle East could certainly use a healthy dose of restraint. But after watching Ms. Rice's performance over the past few days, it should now be clear that her idea of what constitutes a "moderate Arab leader" is way off the mark, and this should leave us all deeply concerned about the future. Take, for example, Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas, whom Rice put forward as a model of moderation. Standing next to Abbas at a press conference in Ramallah on Sunday, the secretary of state practically gushed with enthusiasm when she said in her opening remarks, "I want everyone to know, particularly the Palestinian people, how much we admire the leadership of President Abbas as a leader of the Palestinian people." And yet, it was just last Thursday, three days prior to meeting with Rice, that Abbas publicly called upon Palestinians to attack Israel. SPEAKING at a rally to mark the 42nd anniversary of the founding of Fatah, Abbas told a huge crowd gathered in Ramallah, "With the will and determination of its sons, Fatah will continue. We will not give up our principles and we have said that rifles should be directed against the occupation." "We have a legitimate right to direct our guns against Israeli occupation," Abbas added. Is this the kind of "moderation" Rice had in mind? Indeed, despite Abbas's outrageous call to arms, Rice did not say a word - not a single, solitary word! - about it during her joint press conference with him. She did not see fit to demand a retraction from Abbas of this outrageous invitation to violence, nor did she press him to refrain from inciting further bloodshed. Instead, Rice chose to heap additional praise on Abbas, telling the assembled journalists that "we've made a lot of progress over recent years, in particular because of the hard work of President Abbas." What progress is she referring to? To the ongoing Palestinian rocket attacks against southern Israel? To the kidnapping of Cpl. Gilad Shalit? Or perhaps to the growing popularity of Hamas and Islamic Jihad among the Palestinian electorate? To be sure, when one compares Abbas with the "genocide now" crowd over at Hamas, he might appear to be a tad bit less extreme. But the gap between "less extreme" and "moderate" is vast, and the two cannot and should not be confused. AND THEREIN lies the problem with Rice's misguided compliments to Abbas. By embracing him rather than rebuking him, she encouraged the Palestinian leader to believe that he can openly call for violence against Jews without paying any political price for doing so. Her actions also sent a dangerous message to Palestinians, who might start to think that America's top diplomat sees nothing wrong with their leader's plea to start using their rifles against the Jewish state. Rice's confused idea of "moderation" was further on display in Egypt, where she met on Monday with Egyptian autocrat Hosni Mubarak and his foreign minister, Aboul Gheit. Later, at a press conference with Gheit, Rice again had nothing but praise for her hosts, asserting that, "Egypt is really a partner." What she neglected to mention, of course, was that Mr. Mubarak rules his domain in the finest tradition of the Pharaohs, suppressing dissent, tossing his political opponents into prison, and fixing the outcome of elections to his liking. Egypt has also allowed untold quantities of weapons to be smuggled freely into Gaza, into the waiting arms of terrorist groups, and it has refused to crack down on the flow of funds to Hamas and Islamic Jihad. Some "partner." We are sure to be treated to a continuation of this spectacle in the coming days, as Rice travels to the Gulf to meet with other "moderates" such as the terror-sponsoring Saudis and some of their Israel-boycotting neighbors. AND THAT should have us all deeply worried, because the issue of just who is a moderate Arab leader is far more than just one of semantics. It goes to the very root of US foreign policy in the region. For by misidentifying or mischaracterizing various Arab leaders as "moderates," Rice and others do real harm to the very cause they seek to advance. Rather than encouraging moderation, they are in fact unwittingly promoting extremism by failing to call to account leaders such as Abbas, Mubarak and others. And by blurring the definition of true moderation, they have allowed these men to continue to pursue policies that are antithetical to Israel and the West, all while continuing to bask in the undeserved political support they receive from abroad. The question of "just who exactly is a moderate Arab leader," and whether any really exist, remains open to debate. But by conferring this title upon despots and dictators, and those who sponsor terror, the US secretary of state is doing far more damage than good.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line203
__label__wiki	0.682088	0.682088	TR Roadster Triumph Roadster & TRX 1948 Triumph Roadster 2000 Image courtesy of the Triumph Roadster Club secretary. The advertisement for the Roadster 2000 appeared on the cover of Motor magazine in 1949. It replaced the 1800 cc unit. 1950 Triumph TRX The TRX, a.k.a. Roadster, was displayed at various Motor Shows in 1950 but was never actually produced. It was intended as a modern replacement for the 1800 and 2000 Roadster models. There is a photo of one of the two existing prototypes at http://www.kdb38.dial.pipex.com/roadster/roads6.htm There are currently 0 users and 1 guest online.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line206
__label__wiki	0.550933	0.550933	“The Great Regression”, hosted by the Progressive Caucus Published on March 21, 2018 by Caucus In light of the publication of the book “The Great Regression”, the Progressive Caucus* invited the editor of the collective work, Heinrich Geiselberger, as well as Robert Misik, Austrian journalist and one of the authors, to an open discussion in the European Parliament about the challenges progressive forces in Europe face today. Members of Progressive Caucus’s Steering Committee, MEPs Guillaume Balas (S&D), Georgi Pirinski (S&D), Dimitris Papadimoulis (Vice-president of the European Parliament, GUE/NGL) and Florent Marcellesi (Greens/ EFA), participated in the discussion. Explaining the main goal of the book, H. Geiselberger, mentioned that «the past years the political debate in Germany was dominated my migration or whether Islam belongs to our country». «The political discourse was completely nationalised. Regressive topics dominate the agenda. That keeps us from talking about education, ecology, anything progressive», he said. Mentioning the opposition that runs through the book, between the notions of ‘class’ or ‘identity’ for the Left, he said that it is shouldn’t be the case and explained how the working conditions have changed today, so that «progressive fights have to be rooted in everyday life -rent, care, infrastructure». Misik mentioned the «danger of authoritarianism today». «It is just simple to say that on one hand we have authoritarianism and on the other liberal democracy. If right-wing and authoritarians forces are winning today around Europe, it is not because they are so good, but because progressive forces do not do enough. People then feel abandoned in a lot of fields, don’t feel represented, they feel alienated by traditional policies», he said, stressing that «people don’t trust progressives enough because the centre-Left betrayed them, and also because they think that they cannot change anything because of globalisation». But, as he said «progressive forces have to set a new agenda against the aggressive discourse of the right, so that they can influence the public debate». Marcellesi, while presenting the authors of “The Great Regression”, mentioned that «it is interesting to see that people and intellectuals from all over the world talk about this regression in politics». He insisted on the importance for the progressive forces to take into account the ecological dimension when organising their agenda. «We cannot talk about the economic crisis or the national rise without talking about the ecological crisis. We need to find out what the progressive and ecological forces can do against the regression of our times», he stated. «The transnational aspect is fundamental to understand politics today. The link between the national and international framework is the issue at stake, when trying to establish progressive politics», said G. Balas, summing up one of the main dipoles of the book. «There is a huge responsibility on behalf of the leaders of the progressive forces. Today, politicians such as Macron and Renzi follow the neo-liberal agenda and try to show that there is no alternative. As an opposition to that, rose the populism», he mentioned. «Neoliberalism has destroyed basic liberal values, such as equality or freedom to do things, instead of freedom to buy things», said G. Pirinski, while presenting the book, and explaining the notion of ‘regression’ as a collapse of the forms of society we knew until some years ago. G. Pirinski stressed the «substitution of liberal democracy with right populism and the danger for an authoritarian capitalism», noted that «we are less equipped to deal with what is going one right now than in ten years ago», and insisted on the importance for the progressive forces to «remake the case for a new welfare state in the context of a social Europe and a global agenda for sustainable development». Papadimoulis talked about the phenomenon of ‘orbanisation’ of the EPP, the right party in the European Parliament, since the ideas of the party of Viktor Orban «have become stronger, albeit being a minority in the beginning». «We also have the new Austrian government, the Czech president, the Polish government, the result of the elections in Italy. The limits between the traditional and the extreme right are moving. The effort of the traditional right to share a part of the agenda of the far right enables the latter. We need an international approach. We also need to think of different levels of alliances, progressive alliances, antifascist alliances with the liberal democrats, when democracy is in danger, based on the protection of human rights», he stressed. “The Great Regression” collects contributions from fifteen international authors, taking a closer look at the root causes behind these developments, locating them in their respective historical contexts, and discussing strategies for fighting back. In clear and unambiguous opposition to the ‘nationalist-international’, this volume responds to our current state of global turbulence by building on the power and potential of a transnational public sphere. “The Great Regression” is a key intervention that will be of great value to all those concerned about recent developments and wondering how best to respond to this unprecedented challenge to the very core of liberal democracy and internationalism across the world today. Read here the preface of the book: http://www.thegreatregression.eu/preface-of-the-editor/ For more info about the book and the authors: http://www.thegreatregression.eu/ Watch here G. Balas intervention: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d5hj_RvMHVQ&feature=youtu.be Watch here G. Pirinski intervention: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t6xs9XlL9iA Watch here D. Papadimoulis intervention: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oy3LZULWyDY&feature=youtu.be Watch here R. Misik intervention: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7D8uxToT1Rw&feature=youtu.be Watch here H. Geiselberger intervention: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZOfx-9a7IQo&feature=youtu.be *The Progressive Caucus is a space of dialogue based on confidence-building and open debate. Ιts aim is to analyse differences and build bridges between progressive allies in the European Parliament and across Europe. It has been established by progressive MEPs of different political groups and is open to everyone in the community of the European Parliament standing for solidarity, democracy, social justice and sustainability. In the Progressive Caucus participate MEPs from the S&D, the Greens/ EFA and the GUE/ NGL groups. This entry was posted in Uncategorized Tagged with balas, geiselberger, marcellesi, misik, papadimoulis, pirinski, regression Bookmark this article “The Great Regression”, hosted by the Progressive Caucus Progressive Caucus hosted Mathieu Asselin’s photographic investigation about Monsanto’s risky activities (video) Progressive Caucus asking for #EuropeanSolidarity and to #ChangeDublin	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line207
__label__wiki	0.909495	0.909495	LSU Athletics Creative Services Beach Releases 2020 Tournament Schedule September 18, 2019, 12:10 PM (CT) Updated: September 18, 2019, 12:29 PM (CT) Grant Kauvar Communications Student Assistant BATON ROUGE – The LSU Beach Volleyball team announced its tournament schedule for the 2020 season on Wednesday. The Tigers will host three round robin tournaments at the LSU Beach Volleyball Stadium in 2020 and the road schedule is highlighted by trips to Hawaii and California. LSU will travel over 4,000 miles to begin the season at the Duke Kahanamoku Beach Classic at Queen’s Beach in Honolulu, Hawaii, February 22-23. This will mark the first time that the Tigers will travel to Hawaii. The following weekend, February 29-March 1, the Tigers will host their first tournament of the season in the Tiger Beach Challenge. LSU opened the premier beach volleyball facility in the country in 2019 and finished a perfect 13-0 in its home sand. LSU’s other two home tournaments will be the LSU Beach Invitational, March 13-14, and the Battle on the Bayou, March 27-28. After LSU’s home opening event, the Tigers will travel to the TCU Beach Volleyball Courts on March 7-8 in Fort Worth, Texas to compete in the Horned Frog Challenge. On March 21-22, UAB will host the March to May in Gulf Shores, Alabama in preparation of the NCAA Championship, held in the same location at Gulf Place. The Tigers 2020 regular season will conclude with two road trips, first to Columbia, South Carolina, April 4-5, followed by the East Meets West Invitational, hosted by UCLA at Manhattan Beach in California, April 11-12. Postseason play will begin at the CCSA Championship, April 17-19. LSU finished as the runner-up at the championship the past two seasons. After hosting the tournament in Emerson, Georgia for four years, the CCSA has decided to move the tournament to the John Hunt Sand Volleyball Complex in Huntsville, Alabama. The Tigers will look to make an appearance at the NCAA Championship, May 1-3, for a fourth consecutive season. LSU is coming off a program best 31 victories and first top-3 finish in its six-year history and is returning 15 players from that team, including eight who finished with at least 15 victories. Seniors Claire Coppola and Kristen Nuss will look to become the first individuals in program history to record 100 career victories. The duo has competed in every collegiate match together and currently sits at 91 career wins which is a program record. In preparation of the spring season, the Tigers have four competition dates this fall, including one at both of their postseason destinations. The other two dates will be hosted by Tulane at White Sands Beach Volleyball in Elmwood, Louisiana on November 9 and a November 10 home event. For the latest information on LSU Beach Volleyball, fans can follow the Tigers on Twitter and Instagram @LSUbeachVB and @RussLSUbeach, or on Facebook by liking LSU Beach Volleyball.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line208
__label__wiki	0.930664	0.930664	Cannabis seeds, plant nutrient and grow guides in Olathe, Kansas. Become Affiliate! Olathe is the county seat of Johnson County, Kansas, United States. It is the fourth most populous city in the Kansas City Metropolitan Area and Kansas, with a 2010 population of 125,872. By 2019, the Census Bureau estimated Olathe's population had grown to 140,545. Olathe was founded by Dr. John T. Barton in the spring of 1857. He rode to the center of Johnson County, Kansas and staked two quarter sections of land as the town site. He later described his ride to friends: "...the prairie was covered with verbena and other wild flowers. I kept thinking the land was beautiful and that I should name the town Beautiful." Purportedly, Barton asked a Shawnee interpreter how to say "Beautiful" in his native language. The interpreter responded, "Olathe." Olathe was incorporated in 1857, and while not the first city in Johnson County, its rapid growth lead to it being named the county seat in October 1859. Rising tensions across the nation over the issue of slavery led to numerous clashes between abolitionists settlers and neighboring slave state Missouri. These clashes would further escalate and become a part of the greater conflict known as Bleeding Kansas. With the admission of Kansas into the Union as a free state in 1861, violence began to dissipate. Peace, however, would continue to elude Olathe for many years to come. In 1861 Union officials and local military forces created a military post in the city. It housed one company of troops along with the local militia. On September 6, 1862, William Quantrill led a surprise raid of guerrillas Confederates against the city, which resulted in a half dozen deaths and the destruction of most of the city. Quantrill captured the outpost and tried forcing the men to swear an oath to the Confederacy. The oath was deemed invalid in November 1862 since the guerrillas were not considered legitimate enemy military units. Kansas militia continued to occupy the Olathe military post through the rest of the Civil War. Confederate forces would attempt two further raids against the city. The first happened on August 20�21, 1863 as Quantrill was passing through on his way to Lawrence, Kansas (see Lawrence Massacre). The second raid occurred October 24�5, 1864, when Confederate Major General Sterling Price, with a force of 10,000 men passed through on their retreat South (see Price's Raid). With the Confederate surrender, the military post was decommissioned in August 1865. Olathe served as a stop on the Oregon Trail, the California Trail, and the Santa Fe Trail. Catering to travelers was the main source of income for local stores and businesses. The Mahaffie House, a popular resupply point for wagons headed westward, is today a registered historical site maintained by the City of Olathe. The staff wears period costumes, and stagecoach rides and farm animals make the site a favorite among children. Visitors can participate in Civil War re-enactments, Wild West Days, and other activities. After the construction of the transcontinental railroad, the trails to the west lost importance, and Olathe faded into obscurity and remained a small, sleepy prairie town. In the 1950s, the construction of the Interstate Highway system and, more directly, I-35, linked Olathe to nearby Kansas City. The result was tremendous residential growth as Olathe became a part of the Kansas City metropolitan area. In the 1980s, Olathe experienced tremendous commercial growth, which also drew more residents. It is estimated that Olathe's population surpassed 100,000 in 2001, and current projections show Olathe's growth continuing as the city expands into the farm fields south, west and north of town. In 2008, the U.S. Census Bureau ranked Olathe the 24th fastest-growing city in the nation. The same year, CNN/Money and Money magazine ranked Olathe #11 on its list of the "100 Best Cities to Live in the United States." On February 22, 2017, Adam Purinton made racial statements and opened fire at crowded Austins Bar and Grill in southern Olathe, shooting and injuring three people, one fatally. The victims were identified as Alok Madasani, Srinivas Kuchibhotla, and Ian Grillot. Purinton was later arrested in Clinton, Missouri. He was charged with one count of first-degree murder and two counts of attempted first-degree murder. This shooting gained international attention, as two of the three victims were Indian. Despite efforts by preservationists, Olathe city officials committed to upscale apartment development and county government expansion projects have fast-tracked demolition of 19th century historic homes and neighborhoods, including the Hubbard House, a Greek Revival landmark built in 1887 by an early Olathe surveyor, which was reduced to rubble in less than an hour in January, 2018 despite a petition signed by more than 6,000 local residents. Artifacts from the home, including a grandfather clock and clawfoot tub, were retained for display in a future apartment clubhouse. Olathe is bordered by the cities of Lenexa to the north, Overland Park to the east, De Soto to the northwest, and Gardner to the southwest. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 60.42 square miles (156.49 km2) of which 59.66 square miles (154.52 km2) is land and 0.76 square miles (1.97 km2) is water. Olathe has two public lakes: Lake Olathe with 172 acres (0.70 km2) of water surface and Cedar Lake with 45 acres (0.18 km2). Olathe's Black Bob Park is named after Hathawekela Shawnee Chief Black Bob. Olathe has a humid continental climate, with cold winters and hot summers. Temperatures range from an average high of 39 �F (4 �C) and low 20 �F (?7 �C) in January to an average high of nearly 90 �F (32 �C) in July. The temperature reaches 90 �F (32 �C) an average of 36 days per year and 100 �F (38 �C) an average of 3 days per year. The minimum temperature falls below freezing (32 �F) an average of 102 days per year, but rarely drops below 10 �F (?12 �C). Typically the first frost occurs between mid-October and the first week of November, and the last frost occurs between the end of March and the second week of April. The area receives about 40 inches (1,000 mm) of precipitation during an average year with the largest share being received in May and June�the April�June period averages 30 days of measurable precipitation. During a typical year the total amount of precipitation may be anywhere from 28 to almost 53 inches. There are on average 95 days of measurable precipitation per year. Winter snowfall averages about 19 inches, but the median is 13 inches (330 mm). Measurable snowfall occurs an average of nine days per year with at least an inch of snow being received on seven of those days. Snow depth of at least an inch occurs an average of 25 days per year. Source: Monthly Station Climate Summaries, 1971�2000, U.S. National Climatic Data Center Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Temperatures (�F) Mean high 39.3 43.8 55.1 65.7 74.6 84.3 89.4 87.8 79.1 68.3 53.8 42.0 65.7 Mean low 19.9 24.3 33.7 43.8 54.9 63.8 68.6 66.6 58.3 47.3 33.8 23.2 45.3 Highest recorded 74 (1956) 105 Lowest recorded ?18 (1943) ?29 (1899) ?8 Precipitation (inches) Median 1.20 1.15 2.12 3.52 4.97 4.96 3.42 3.07 3.76 3.59 2.77 1.45 35.98 Mean number of days 6.0 5.7 8.6 9.8 11.4 9.2 8.2 8.4 7.7 7.7 7.2 6.5 96.4 Highest monthly 3.31 (1982) 3.94 (1997) 10.41 Snowfall (inches) Median 5.5 4.5 2.8 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 1.6 4.3 19.2 Mean number of days 3.0 2.4 1.4 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.8 2.1 10.0 Highest monthly 20.5 (1979) 14.0 (1978) 3.0 (1979) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.5 Notes: Temperatures are in degrees Fahrenheit. Precipitation includes rain and melted snow or sleet in inches; median values are provided for precipitation and snowfall because mean averages may be misleading. Mean and median values are for the 30-year period 1971�2000; temperature extremes are for the station's period of record (1939�2001). The station is located three miles (5 km) east of Olathe at 38�53?N 94�46?W, elevation 1,055 feet (322 m). Climate data for Olathe, Kansas Average high �F (�C) 39.3 (4.1) 43.8 (12.8) 65.7 Average low �F (�C) 19.9 (?6.7) 24.3 1870 1,817 � 1900 3,451 4.8% 1910 3,272 ?5.2% 1960 10,987 96.4% The median income for a household was $61,111, and the median income for a family was $68,498 (these figures had risen to $72,634 and $82,747 respectively as of a 2007 estimate). Males had a median income of $45,699 versus $30,217 for females. The per capita income for the city was $24,498. About 2.4% of families and 4.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.1% of those under age 18 and 4.1% of those age 65 or over. As of the census of 2010, there were 125,872 people, 44,507 households, and 33,274 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,109.8 inhabitants per square mile (814.6/km2). There were 46,851 housing units at an average density of 785.3 per square mile (303.2/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 83.1% White, 5.3% African American, 0.4% Native American, 4.1% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 4.1% from other races, and 3.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 10.2% of the population. There were 44,507 households, of which 44.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.9% were married couples living together, 9.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 25.2% were non-families. 20.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.80 and the average family size was 3.24. The median age in the city was 32.9 years. 30% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 32.1% were from 25 to 44; 23.1% were from 45 to 64; and 7.2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.5% male and 50.5% female. As of the census of 2000, there were 92,962 people, 32,314 households, and 24,623 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,716.4 people per square mile (662.7/km2). There were 33,343 housing units at an average density of 615.6 per square mile (237.7/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 88.63% White, 3.70% African American, 0.43% Native American, 2.74% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 2.64% from other races, and 1.80% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.44% of the population. 26.1% were of German, 11.0% Irish, 10.7% English and 9.6% American ancestry. There were 32,314 households, out of which 45.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.8% were married couples living together, 9.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.8% were non-families. 18.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 3.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.83 and the average family size was 3.24. In the city, the population was spread out, with 30.8% under the age of 18, 9.2% from 18 to 24, 36.7% from 25 to 44, 18.1% from 45 to 64, and 5.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.1 males. Olathe's commercial and industrial parks are home to many companies, including Honeywell, Husqvarna, ALDI, Garmin, Grundfos, and Farmers Insurance Group. Although Farmers Insurance is based in Los Angeles, California, Olathe has more Farmers employees than any other city in the United States. The Federal Aviation Administration, a sub-agency of the United States Department of Transportation, administers and maintains an Air Route Traffic Control Center in Olathe, designated Kansas City Center or ZKC. Kansas City Center is one of 20 regional Air Route Traffic Control Centers that cover United States airspace. Johnson County maintains an airport in Olathe, Johnson County Executive Airport, which is located on about 500 acres (2.0 km2) of land with a 4,100-ft (1250-m) runway, parallel taxiways, and a Federal contract air traffic control tower. The airport is the second-busiest in the state. According to the City's 2015 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the largest employers in the city are: 1 Olathe Unified School District 4,500 2 GARMIN International 2,723 3 Farmers Insurance 2,600 4 Olathe Medical Center 2,500 5 Johnson County 2,147 6 Convergys 950 7 City of Olathe 865 8 Honeywell (Bendix/King) 850 9 Mid-Central Sysco 780 10 TransAm Trucking 750 The city of Olathe is served by the De Soto School District, the Olathe School District, the Spring Hill school district and the Blue Valley School District. As of 2008, there are 26,894 students enrolled in the Olathe School District. The Olathe School District has 35 elementary schools, 9 middle schools, and 5 high schools: Olathe North, Olathe South, Olathe East, Olathe Northwest, and Olathe West. Olathe is the home of MidAmerica Nazarene University and the Kansas State School For the Deaf (established in 1861). Johnson County Executive Airport Olathe is served by 2 airports: New Century AirCenter The closest airport with airline service is Kansas City International Airport. Johnson County Transit operates a bus system throughout the county, including Olathe. Main article: List of people from Olathe, Kansas See also: List of MidAmerica Nazarene University people Willie Aames (born Albert William Upton) is an American actor, film and television director, television producer, and screenwriter. Aames is well known for playing Tommy Bradford on the 1970s television series Eight Is Enough, Buddy Lembeck on the 1980s series Charles in Charge and Bibleman. John Anderson, Jr. was the 36th Governor of Kansas from 1961 until 1965. He was born near Olathe. Earl Browder, a prominent leader in the American Communist movement. He served as Chairman of the National Committee of the Communist Party USA from 1934�1945. He was also the Communist Party USA's candidate for President in the 1936 presidential election and 1940 presidential election. Jonathan Quinn is a former head football coach (2009-2013) for the MidAmerica Nazarene Pioneers football team. Quinn played for the Kansas City Chiefs, Chicago Bears, and for the Berlin Thunder of NFL Europe. Darren Sproles is a former American football running back in the NFL who played for the San Diego Chargers, New Orleans Saints, and Philadelphia Eagles. He was drafted by the Chargers in the fourth round of the 2005 NFL Draft. He was a three-time Pro Bowler (2014-2016), a three-time First-team All-Pro (2011, 2014, 2015), and won Super Bowl 52 with the Philadelphia Eagles. He played college football at Kansas State University, and high school football at Olathe North High School. Sproles retired as a player after the 2019 season, but still works in the NFL as an executive. Buddy Rogers was an American actor who played the leading role in Wings (1927) which won the first Academy Award for Best Picture in 1929. He was also a notable jazz musician and film producer. The actor was married to film legend Mary Pickford and won an Honorary Oscar in 1986. Flag of Jalisco.svg Ocotl?n, Jalisco, Mexico Friendship cities Flag of Japan.svg Maebashi, Gunma, Japan	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line211
__label__wiki	0.850634	0.850634	Row Nova Scotia developing, promoting and growing the sport of rowing in Nova Scotia Staff and Directors GO ROW Rowing Clubs Antigonish Rowing Club Halifax Rowing Club Lunenburg Yacht Club Rowing Mic Mac AAC Rowing North Star Rowing Club Rowing Programs TEAM NOVA SCOTIA Provincial Team Development Group Training Group 2017 Canada Games Beast of the East AIRC Nova Scotia Sprints North West Arm Regatta Atlantic Rowing Championship Really Chili Row Nova Scotia Awards Sport Nova Scotia Awards Learn to Row Coach RCA Coach RCA Performance Coach Umpire Education COVID-19 TRAINING Row NS Gear Home / 2019 Award Winners Female Rower of the Year - Claire Ellison The Row NS Female Rower of the Year is presented to Claire Ellison from Halifax Rowing Club. Ellison was selected to the Junior National Team for a second straight year in the junior women’s quad which narrowly missed a medal placing 4th at the World Rowing Junior Championships in Tokyo, Japan. Ellison went on to compete at the RCA National Rowing Championships in the junior women’s single where she won the gold medal! In the Fall, Ellison began university at Queen’s University finding immediate success as she won silver in the women’s pair at the Canadian University Rowing Championships. Ellison was recognized with two RCA awards – the RCA Junior Athlete of the Year and the Tony Zasada Memorial Fund Award for her accomplishments. Claire has been demonstrating to all young Nova Scotians that rowers from this province can make an impact on the international stage and we are excited to see what she can accomplish moving forward. Male Rower of the Year - Andrew Todd The Row NS Male Rower of the Year is presented to Andrew Todd from North Star Rowing Club. Todd is a member of the RCA Para National Team, North Star Rowing Club and the Nova Scotia Provincial Team. In 2019, Todd claimed gold at World Rowing Championships in Linz-Ottensheim, Austria with his para-rowing Men’s Pair partner, Kyle Fredrickson – successfully defending their title from 2018 and becoming back-to-back World Champions. In a tightly-contested race, Todd and Fredrickson were in third place coming through the halfway point but battled back to pass France and Australia to claim gold. Todd continued his successful 2019 at the RCA National Rowing Championships in the PR3 Men’s single where he rowed his way to the gold medal! For all his accomplishments in 2019, Todd was recognized as the co-recipient of the RCA Para Athlete of the Year, along with partner Kyle Frederickson (Victoria, B.C.). During Todd’s time in Nova Scotia he has consistently set a very high bar for provincial athletes aspiring to the international stage. He is deeply invested and engaged in the sport, and gives back to his rowing community through speaking engagements, mentoring young athletes, and by serving on the board of directors for Row Nova Scotia. Female Crew of the Year - Hannah Meeson and Kayla Bugeya-Miller, NSRC Lightweight W2- The Row NS Female Crew of the Year is presented to Hannah Meeson and Kayla Bugeya-Miller from North Star Rowing Club. Meeson and Bugeya-Miller rowed in the lightweight women’s pair for North Star this past season. The duo placed first at the Nova Scotia Sprints – Bud Myra Memorial Regatta in the senior lightweight women’s pair. Next, the two competed at the Royal Canadian Henley Regatta where they won their heat to qualify for the A Final. In the final, the lightweight women’s pair battled for the lead in what came down to a two boat race, ultimately being edged out and winning the silver medal. Both Meeson and Bugeya-Miller were integral members of the North Star Rowing Club this past season and made significant contributions to North Star having the most successful Canadian Henley Regatta in recent history. Male Crew of the Year - Samuel Court and Jack Petrunick, StFX Lightweight M2x The Row NS Male Crew of the Year is presented to Samuel Court and Jack Petrunick from StFX Rowing. Court and Petrunik rowed in the lightweight men's double for the StFX Rowing Team this past season. The duo placed first at the Atlantic University Rowing Championships (AURC) in the lightweight men's double, as well as placing first at the Atlantic Rowing Championships in the championship double. Following their success in Atlantic Canada, Court and Petrunick qualified for the A finals at the Canadian University Rowing Championships in Victoria, BC where they eventually placed sixth in a competitive lightweight men's double event. Court and Petrunick show great leadership on and off the lake for the StFX Rowing Program and were integral in StFX Rowing capturing the AURC Men's Banner for the second consecutive year and having its most successful season to date. Club Coach of the Year - Katie Webster, StFX The Row NS Club Coach of the Year is Katie Edwards, Head Coach of the StFX Rowing Club and the Antigonish Rowing Club, and the current President of Row NS and the Canadian University Rowing Association. Katie’s work has been integral to the growth of rowing in Nova Scotia over the past decade, including the construction of the new rowing facility in Antigonish, which has hosted national and international regattas. The success of the StFX rowing program has built steadily, culminating this year in historic results. For the second consecutive year, the StFX men’s team won the banner at the Atlantic University Rowing Championships. Soon after, two StFX boats qualified for the A finals at the Canadian University Rowing Championships in Victoria, BC. The lightweight men’s double finished sixth, and the lightweight men’s single placed fifth, indicating the continued growth and success of the StFX rowing program. Katie’s passion for rowing is evident in her extensive administrative work, but the relationships she fosters with her athletes is the hallmark of her deeply personal coaching style. President's Award - Patrick Cody The Row NS President’s Award recipient for 2019 is Pat Cody. Even by his own standards, Pat Cody had an extremely successful year coaching. He received his second nomination to coach for the RCA NextGen Team where the boat he was coaching, the women’s quad, placed 4th at the Junior World Championships in Japan. In 2019, athletes coached and mentored by Pat competed at the Senior World Championships, Junior World Championships, CanAmMex, and Trans Tasmin regattas. Under Pat’s guidance, Team Nova Scotia traveled to Burnaby for the National Rowing Championships and performed well, collecting three medals – two gold and one silver. Pat Cody consistently exemplifies the core values of Row NS. In his coaching, he consistently communicates the importance of high standards, hard work, integrity, commitment to self-improvement, teamwork, and community. Through his vision, actions, and leadership, Pat Cody models those very same values and has made a significant contribution to Nova Scotia athletes’ exceptional performances in 2019. Umpire of the Year - Yetta Withrow The Row NS Umpire of the Year is presented to Yetta Withrow. Yetta has been a tireless supporter of the sport of rowing for over 20 years and a Nova Scotia RCA Umpire for over 14 years. Yetta is very giving of her time to the rowing community and to the umpires at regattas. She goes out of her way to make sure that regattas can run smoothly, efficiently and safely not only by upholding the RCA Rules of Racing as an umpire, but making herself available to the regatta local organizing committee for additional duties. Yetta brings depth of knowledge, professionalism, sincerity and an excitement for racing to her umpiring and every regatta she attends. Volunteer of the Year - Joan Backman, HRC The Row NS Volunteer of the Year is Joan Backman of the Halifax Rowing Club. Joan is a long-time board member in Nova Scotia rowing – with HRC from 2004-2010 and with Row NS since 2018. Joan has been umpiring in Nova Scotia since 2014, and has also been selected to officiate at several national regattas. In 2019, Joan was instrumental in the formation of the Row NS President’s Committee, which has vitally improved inter-club communication and the sharing of knowledge. Joan has also been a key figure in the emergence of coastal rowing in Nova Scotia: indeed, her support and guidance of the Lunenburg Rowing Club resulted in their hosting the province’s first-ever coastal regatta in the summer of 2019. And, Joan took the opportunity to organize a coastal umpire training course in conjunction with the event, led by Canada’s top coastal umpire. Joan’s strong work ethic, coupled with her always careful and measured consideration of complex issues, make her an invaluable member of our rowing community. Mileage Award - Tracy Brown, MMAAC The Row NS Mileage Award is presented to Tracy Brown from Mic Mac AAC Rowing. Tracy is a vibrant and well-recognized leader within the rowing community in Nova Scotia. Tracy began rowing in 1990 and later represented Team Nova Scotia at the 1993 Canada Summer Games in Kamloops, B.C. After a break from the sport, she returned as a masters rower at Mic Mac AAC in 2011. Since then she has been a dedicated year-round rower as part of the Mic Mac AAC Rowing Masters program who rarely misses a chance to be on the water. Tracy has rarely missed a regatta in Atlantic Canada over the past nine years and has traveled to compete in Quebec and Ontario many times over the years. In addition to her own rowing, Tracy has been heavily involved in the rowing community, including being a member of the Row NS Board of Directors from 2013-2017, volunteering as the team manager at the 2013 Canada Games, working as the Sport Director at Mic Mac AAC Rowing, being selected to the Women in Coaching Program for the 2017 Canada Games, being selected into the RCA Coach Mentorship Program, coaching at the CanAmMex Regatta in Mexico City and her role as coach learning facilitator and evaluator. Through everything, Tracy continues to be energetic and passionate about rowing while striving to raise the profile of the sport as a rower and a coach. testadmin There are only 10 days remaining to submit your nominations for the 2020 Row NS Awards! https://t.co/n0H5YWw37o2021/01/14 Have you heard about the Beast of the East Indoor Rowing Competition? Learn more about our virtual competition hap… https://t.co/TPRbOVB12b2021/01/08 RT @ErgosZoom: 61 people are signed up to join @WarringtonRowC for 3x10mins this evening, making nearly 220 people who have got involved in…2021/01/07 Row Nova Scotia \|	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line212
__label__cc	0.64518	0.35482	Weekly Devotional Stories from Rockfish BETTY ANN POOLE BUTTS O'DONNELL March 14, 1943 - November 24, 2015 Betty Ann Poole Butts O’Donnell, 72, of Ivanhoe, NC, entered into eternal rest November 24, 2015 at Duplin General Hospital in Kenansville, NC. Betty was born March 14, 1943 in Kenansville, NC to the late Iris Brown Savage and Richard Franklin Poole. While she was still young, her mother married Betty’s “Daddy Alfred”, the late James Alfred Savage of the Chicken Neck Community, Wallace. Betty was stricken with polio at the age of 5. Enduring several surgeries, she subsequently spent 27 months at the NC Orthopedic Hospital in Gastonia. Betty continued using crutches and braces for the duration of her life and would never expect to be treated any differently than a nondisabled person. Betty was never one to let her disability hinder her. After graduating from Wallace-Rose Hill HS in 1961, she attended Miller-Motte Business College in Wilmington. During this time she lived in downtown Wilmington with several other young girls who were also in school with her. She eventually worked at JP Stevens in Wallace for almost 20 years. When Stevens relocated their offices to South Carolina in the early 1980’s, Betty chose to seek other employment. She was hired by John Anderson Johnson as a Deputy Clerk of Superior Court where remained until her retirement in 2005. Betty met and married Bill Butts, the father of her son, Dean. After their divorce, Betty moved back to North Carolina and lived with her parents on their farm in Wallace. Single for 31 years, Betty met Pat O’Donnell through a mutual friend and they were married April 10, 1999. Betty was truly happy again and Pat was the love of her life. They resided in Ivanhoe, NC. In her later years, dementia robbed Betty of many things but it was never able to dim the Christian spirit which she exhibited throughout her life. Betty attended Corinth Baptist Church for many years and at the time of her death, was a member of Rockfish Presbyterian Church of Wallace. If Betty was able, you could count on her being at church. Betty Ann Poole Butts O’Donnell is survived by her devoted husband Pat of their home; her son Dean Butts, his wife Kim, and her grandchildren April Butts and Nicolas Butts of Wallace; her brother Gene Poole of Teachey; stepson Shawn O’Donnell of Wilmington; aunts Edna Adkins, Thelma Jones, and Dorothy Powell. Betty is also survived by numerous nieces, nephews, and cousins. A memorial service for Betty was hostedat Rockfish Presbyterian Church on December 5, 2015 at 2 o’clock pm. Pat, Dean, and the rest of Betty’s family would like to thank everyone for the concern and care shown to her during her life here on earth and are most grateful for those who cared for her during her decline. The end of life care she received at Duplin General Hospital in Kenansville was simply amazing with special thanks directed to Doug Lamb, PA-C and the rest of the nursing and support staff.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line218
__label__wiki	0.548948	0.548948	You are at:Home»Comics & Graphic Novels»Quick Hits Vol. 1, the IT Crowd games Quick Hits Vol. 1, the IT Crowd games By Chase Wassenar on December 10, 2012 Comics & Graphic Novels, Toys, Video Games You know, there are a lot of things worth discussing in the realm of video games, comic books, movies, and just about all things nerdy, but these things don’t always have enough depth to them to justify an entire article. Therefore, it only seems right that every once in a while, I bring you some quick hits, giving some briefs thoughts on a range of topics that I found interesting over the last couple of weeks. This doesn’t mean they came out recently; it just means I came across them rather recently. With that said, let’s get started with the first volume of Quick Hits. The Horrors of Region Locked Content Since I’ve been living in the UK for the past few months, I’ve definitely found a taste for their television shows. Luckily for me, most of the shows worth watching happen to be free on Youtube…if you live here. These videos are region locked, which, for those of you who don’t know, means that only computers with IP addresses traced back to the UK can access these videos. Here’s the part I don’t understand: brilliant shows like The IT Crowd are never going to make it to air in America. Whether they should or not is irrelevant; the overwhelming British-ness that pervades the language and the humour of the show makes it incredibly unlikely it will ever see the light of day in the states (or they’ll be ruined like America ruined The Inbetweeners) So why prevent those who can’t watch your show normally from being able to see it? You clearly have no problem giving away this content for free. Why not allow people from other countries to access these videos for themselves? That way, you bring to light a great show that deserves recognition and create a potential new audience of fans if that creative team or the actors involved ever wanted to do something in the US. A great show available on Youtube, but probably not for you. Heck, even if you don’t have interest in expanding your audience base (which makes no sense to me, but whatever), why not at least monetize the opportunity? By running a commercial before your videos, you’d be bringing in an additional level of income. If we can have professional Let’s Players like The Creatures or Two Best Friends Play, there’s clearly a lot of money to be made in this system. And if no one watches, you lose nothing, as you’re still protected by copyright. It just seems like region-locking content in these cases is detrimental in every way. What am I missing? Say That Again? There have been many…interesting video game names over the years, mostly in the indie genre. While VVVVVV and Katamari Damacy definitely turn some heads, I don’t think I’ve ever gotten a stranger reaction than when I tell people I’m playing Brainpipe: A Plunge to Unhumanity. I mean, don’t get me wrong, games like Infinite Undiscovery are definitive head scratchers, but let’s break this game down to see why it’s just so strange, and in turn, so overwhelmingly awesome. Brainpipe: What the heck is a brainpipe? I mean, I didn’t major in biology, but it seems weird to think of the brain as having a big pipe, yes? That said, the game mechanic is essentially you maneuvering through a long pipe and dodging obstacles that represent…I have no idea. It’s abstract in one of those ways that I can tell is artsy, but I can’t put my finger on what exactly it’s trying to say. That said, given it’s basically an “avoid all the things as the world moves faster” game, I may be overthinking it. This game is the right kind of weird. A Plunge: Now that’s an active verb if I’ve ever heard one. This isn’t just some adventure I accidentally walked into. Oh no. I’m plunging head first into this chaotic whirlwind of a game. I don’t know how I found this brainpipe or what it may be, but I’m going in with everything I have. So what’s the goal? Unhumanity: Unhumanity is a concept that makes absolutely no sense to me whatsoever. Which is why I’m going to play this game for hours on end until I finally get good enough to reach the end and discover what it actually is. It’s one of those nonsense words that carry just enough legitimacy that you have to know how it ends. Is it weird? Very much so. But that very strangeness is what makes the game so appealing. Give it a try, and see if you can figure out what the heck unhumanity is for yourself. What Could Possibly Go Wrong: Movie Edition Whenever a movie is announced based on a property of which I’m aware, there are two questions that immediately pop into my head: who’s starring, and who’s directing. While the first one is rather obvious and tends to be the one that draws the big headline (think back to the hype when Robert Downey Jr. was announced as Iron Man), I’ve always considered the latter question to be more important. An actor can only do so much if he or she is given poor direction and a lacklustre script, after all. Two big name projects recently came to the forefront of my mind. First, that Ender’s Game movie, which, while certainly less controversial than some of Orson Scott Card’s other works, still has some undertones that need to be handled delicately if the movie wants to avoid a spew of hate thrown its way (Card is a … controversial … writer to say the least). And when you think of directors that can handle such delicate undertones, how can you not think of Gavin Hood, the man behind the train wreck that was X-Men Origins: Wolverine? I mean, he’s as subtle as being hit over the head with a frying pan that’s been left on a hot stove for a couple hours. Should be great. Could be great if handled by a solid director. However… Oh, and speaking of Wolverine, The Wolverine looks to undo the damage of X-Men Origins by keeping Hugh Jackman and scrapping pretty much everyone else involved in the project. If handled properly, this could be 20th Century Fox’s big stand to prove that they can make superhero movies just as well as Marvel Studios while bringing in the big bucks. So, of course, they brought in James Mangold to direct. You know, the man whose last directing effort was the mess known as Knight and Day. He’s described on Rotten Tomatoes as “a director known for making sophisticated dramas that chronicle emotional and moral struggles”. You know, because when you think of Wolverine, you think of sophisticated dramas and emotional struggles. I mean, really, what could possibly go wrong? (Excuse me while I facepalm…) The Game You Should All Be Playing If you’re a fan of any of the following things, you need to go buy Beat Hazard Ultra (with iTunes support) right now: Shooting things Oooooh. Pretty The game is a space shooter that procedurally generates levels based on the rises and falls in the music. Enemy ships slow down and speed up as the tempo changes. As such, the game really feels alive and dynamic. And for about a dollar more, you can play your own music, meaning you can jam out to your favourite songs and play an awesome video game at the same time. It’s a ton of fun, and the variety of enemy types, game modes (four, each of which have their own quirks that make them enjoyable) and power-ups to keep the game interesting. Best of all, since your music is creating the levels, you’ll never face the exact same layout twice. It’s a beautiful game well worth your time and money. That’s it for Quick Hits Volume 1. Let me know in the comments below if you liked the format, and check back next week for the newest instalment of my Pokemon Let’s Play. a plunge beat hazard brainpipe ender's game featured it crowd unhumanity Chase Wassenar Chase Wassenar, aka MaristPlayBoy, is the newest writer at Toy-TMA and the lead editor of the Red Shirt Crew (http://www.redshirtcrew.com). You can follow him on Twitter at @RedShirtCrew or reach him at theredshirtcrew@gmail.com PC gaming, my wallet says No but the games say Yes	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line221
__label__wiki	0.703832	0.703832	Portsmouth Seaport Transfers Portsmouth Portsmouth is situated on the South coast of England in Hampshire. It is the home of the royal Navy and its naval history can be traced to 500 years back. It is one of the most well-known sea port destinations in Britain. It is a well-connected ferry port. It is also known to be the UK’s second-busiest port, with 3.5 million passengers travelling through it, as it includes a number of cruise liners. Transfer from Portsmouth can be conveniently by private car. The port of Portsmouth is well connected to the rest of UK through excellent road links. You can sail on nine different routes from Portsmouth ferry port with ferries to France, Spain, Channel Islands and Isle of Wight. There are various ferry operators that include Condor Ferries, Brittany Ferries, LD Lines and Wightlink. Portsmouth Terminal Building Facilities A new terminal building is now coming up at this port as part of its £16.5 million investment. The new terminal abounds in facilities and can accommodate 2,400 passengers. Journey Date & Time HH 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 MM 00 05 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 Ret. Date Ret. Time Please SelectUK AirportSeaport/HarbourLondon HotelsLondon StationsPostcode/UK ZipPostcode Help (Please select from) (Please select to) Diversions? Passenger Luggage Hand Lugg. Baby Seat 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ENTER YOUR DISCOUNT CODE HERE: Poole Seaport To Harrow Ha3 \| Poole Seaport To Teddington (br) Tw11 \| Poole Seaport To Ewell West (br) Kt19 \| Poole Seaport To East Dulwich Se22 \| Poole Seaport To Sloane Square Moat House Sw1 \| Newhaven Seaport To Ladywell (br) Se13 \| Newhaven Seaport To Finsbury Park N4 \| Newhaven Seaport To Thistle Charing Cross Hotel Wc2 \| Newhaven Seaport To Erith Da18 \| Newhaven Seaport To Clifton Court Hotel W2 \| More Transfers... Home \| About Us \| Our Service \| Our Fleet \| Terms \| Faq \| Account \| Driving Jobs \| Contact Us \| Sitemap Copyright © 2021 TransferDepot	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line222
__label__cc	0.686651	0.313349	NEWS: Back cover blurb for Forgotten History This news is a few days old, but I felt like sharing it anyway. Pocket Books has released the back cover blurb for Christopher L. Bennett's upcoming Star Trek: Department of Temporal Investigations: Forgotten History: The agents of the Department of Temporal Investigations are assigned to look into an anomaly that has appeared deep in Federation territory. It's difficult to get clear readings, but a mysterious inactive vessel lies at the heart of the anomaly, one outfitted with some sort of temporal drive disrupting space-time and subspace. To the agents' shock, the ship bears a striking resemblance to a Constitution-class starship, and its warp signature matches that of the original Federation starship Enterprise NCC-1701--the ship of James T. Kirk, that infamous bogeyman of temporal investigators, whose record of violations is held up by DTI agents as a cautionary tale for Starfleet recklessness toward history. But the vessel's hull markings identify it as Timeship Two, belonging to none other than the DTI itself. At first, Agents Lucsly and Dulmur assume the ship is from some other timeline ... but its quantum signature confirms that it came from their own past, despite the fact that the DTI never possessed such a timeship. While the anomaly is closely monitored, Lucsly and Dulmur must search for answers in the history of Kirk's Enterprise and its many encounters with time travel--a series of events with direct ties to the origins of the DST itself ... Forgotten History is the second novel in the Department of Temporal Investigations series. The first novel, Watching the Clock, was released last year. You can read my review of it here. Forgotten History is due to be released at the end of April 2012. You may pre-order it from Amazon.com by clicking here. Posted by Dan Gunther at 8:35 PM Doors Into Chaos The Rings of Time	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line223
__label__cc	0.739606	0.260394	Welcome to the official website for Wynne Evans Wynne is one of the UK’s most exciting tenors. His debut album ‘A Song In My Heart’ went straight in at number one in the classical charts. Wynne Medley Defending a thesis Gio Videos Wynne Evans Statement Of The Hypothesis-www.wynneevans.co.uk - Wynne Evans Marketing dissertation titles Dissertation university Hypothesis in research proposal Statement of the hypothesis Your purpose statement leads http://www.helloartdept.com/2020/02/13/order-film-studies-creative-writing you to write a more refined thesis statement or hypothesis(es), an assertion that you can defend and support with evidence gathered in your literature review and research. Every true experimental design must have this statement at the core of its structure, as the ultimate aim of any experiment The hypothesis is generated via a number of means, but is usually the result of a process of inductive reasoning where observations lead to the formation of a theory. Formulating A Hypothesis Or A Geographical Statement. Identify the statement of the hypothesis two variables in your question. 54. A valid and reasonable research can be conducted without any hypothesis. The American Heritage Dictionary defines a hypothesis as, "a tentative explanation for an observation, phenomenon, or scientific problem that can be tested by further investigation." This means a hypothesis is the stepping stone to a soon-to-be proven theory A hypothesis (plural hypotheses) is a precise, testable statement of what the researcher(s) predict will be the outcome of the study. Hypothesis testing refers to the formal procedures used by statisticians to accept or reject statistical hypotheses Statistical Hypotheses. From my perspective as the author, that is of course also a purpose of Hypothesis, but (if you will permit me to indulge in a touch of megalomania for a http://www.mommygoodness.com/the-elegant-essay moment), the larger purpose of Hypothesis is to drag the world kicking and. However, Statement Of The Hypothesis when you turn to cheap Statement Of The Hypothesis writing services, Statement Of The Hypothesis there’s a big chance that you receive a plagiarized paper in return or that your paper will be written by a fellow student, not by a professional writer Before we can get to the hypothesis statement of the D.A.S.H. The specific tests considered here are called chi-square tests and are appropriate when the outcome is discrete (dichotomous, ordinal or categorical) literature and hypothesis In short these are your primary premises Topic 3 Title Introduce your paper. If the original claim includes equality (<=, =, or >=), it is the null hypothesis. Take the questions and make it a positive statement that says a relationship exists (correlation studies) or a difference exists between statement of the hypothesis the groups (experiment study) and you have the alternative hypothesis A hypothesis has classical been referred to as an educated guess. A good hypothesis is testable, meaning it makes a prediction you can check with observation or testing. Should have catchy first paragraph, get your reader hooked. The objective of the supposition is to help verify a proposed idea or summary. Don’t let it scare you, though Hypothesis definition is - an assumption or concession made for the sake of argument. A hypothesis is a tentative, testable answer to statement of the hypothesis a scientific question. b) H1. For example. With the help of sample data we form assumptions about the population, then we have to test our assumptions statistically. Statement Of The Hypothesis You need not struggle any longer, as you can hire a custom essay writer from us and get the work done for you. A hypothesis (plural: hypotheses), in a scientific context, is a testable statement about the relationship between two or more variables or a proposed explanation for some observed phenomenon. http://www.mommygoodness.com/words-to-describe-yourself-in-an-essay H 0, null hypothesis -- a statement which is already accepted to be true. How to Write a Hypothesis. Proper Data Collection Hypothesis provides the basis of proper Data Collection Relevant and correct information collected by a http://www.helloartdept.com/2020/02/13/general-manager-it-resume researcher is the main function of a good formulated hypothesis Jan 25, 2017 · Difference Between Thesis and Hypothesis Definition Thesis: A thesis is a “statement or theory that is put forward as a premise to be maintained or proved” or a “long essay or dissertation involving personal research, written by a candidate for a university degree” (Oxford dictionary) In functional behavioral assessment, the hypothesis states the behavior, preceding circumstances, and possible function of the behavior. In essence, the hypothesis statement should look like this: When (an antecedent) occurs, the student will engage in (interfering behavior) in order to pay-off / consequence, therefore, the …. How to use hypothesis in a sentence. This goes along with the definitions of the two! Definition of Null and Alternative Hypothesis. Here are different statement of the hypothesis hypothesis examples Sample Hypothesis Statements and Possible Interventions1 Hypothesis Statements Modify Antecedents (Remove the need to exhibit the behavior) Teach (Shape/Model/Cue) Alternative Behavior (Give an acceptable way to get needs met) Suzy starts pinching herself and others around 11:00 am. Smoking leads to Cancer. Identifying Aims, Objectives, Hypotheses, and Variables for a Clinical Study By John Pezzullo statement of the hypothesis The aims or goals of a study are short general statements (often just one statement…. It is a presumption or a hunch on the basis of which a study has to be conducted. In research, hypotheses provide the basis for data collection and data analysis. A proposed answer to a question or problem that can be verified or rejected through testing. Good hypotheses also are clear and keep variables in mind, defining them in easy-to-measure terms Apr 04, 2012 · Hypothesis is a conclusion put forth by a researcher or scientist after conducting proper studies about a subject and related matters. It is important that this statement reflects an understanding of scientific principles and showcases preliminary research Sure, you might decide it’s a Statement Of The Hypothesis good idea to spend as little money as possible. You must reach the introductory chapter of the investigation. A hypothesis (plural hypotheses) is a precise, testable statement of what the researcher(s) predict will be the outcome of the study. The objective of the supposition is to help verify a proposed idea or summary. Once a scientist has a scientific question she is interested in, the scientist reads up to find out what statement of the hypothesis is already known on the topic. Figure 2 provides an epic hypothesis statement template that can be used to capture, organize, and communicate critical information about an epic. Hypotheses bridge the gap from the general question you intend to investigate (i.e., the research question) to concise statements of what you hypothesize the connection between your variables to be Null and Alternative Hypotheses Converting research questions to hypothesis is a simple task. Yikes! 1 a : an assumption or concession made for the sake of argument. Our essay writers are standing by Statement Of The Hypothesis to take the work off of your hands. Article Summary: Hypothesis is a tentative statement about the probable solution to a problem of research study well in advance prior to. File Size: 111KB Page Count: 3 Examples of the Null Hypothesis - ThoughtCo https://www.thoughtco.com › null-hypothesis-examples-609097 The null hypothesis states there is no relationship between the measured phenomenon (the dependent variable) and the independent variable. A scientist begins with a question statement of the hypothesis she wishes to answer. The hypothesis is a clear statement of what is intended to be investigated. (Give an acceptable way to get needs met) Suzy starts pinching herself and others around 11:00 am because she gets hungry (and is protesting that state). A hypothesis is a statement that demonstrates a prediction that you think will happen based off of well-researched evidence or experimentation November 14, 2016. Of hypothesis statement the Hypothesis: (noun) a supposition or proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation. On the contrary, you will likely suspect that there is a relationship between a set of variables A hypothesis has classical been referred to as an educated guess. Modify Antecedents. It is a presumption or a hunch on the basis of which a study has to be conducted. If you want to test a relationship between two or more things, you need to write hypotheses before you start your experiment or data collection hypothesis statement. This hypothesis is tested for possible rejection or approval In science, a statement of a possible explanation for some natural phenomenon. Make sure Suzy gets breakfast Jul 26, 2017 · A hypothesis is usually written in the form of an if/then statement, according to the University of California. Hypothesis is statement of the hypothesis the part of a conditional statement just after the word if. You must reach the introductory chapter of the investigation. The _____ separates the region of rejection from the region of non rejection a) Ho. The p-value is conditional upon the null hypothesis being true is unrelated to the truth or falsity of the research hypothesis meaning of the term hypothesis is a tentative statement about the solution of the problem. The methodology employed by the analyst depends on the nature of the data statement of the hypothesis used. The writing a hypothesis statement would be more applicable to quantitative analysis. It’s an idea, or a proposal, based on limited evidence. This is called Hypothesis testing. Mar 25, 2012 · The hypothesis is very much like the problem statement except it is the answer to your question. The statement of the _____hypothesis never contains an equality. d) Critical value. c) Null hypothesis. In a scientific experiment or study, the hypothesis is a brief summation of the researcher's prediction of the study's findings, which may be supported or not by the outcome Mar 09, 2019 · In writing research report for any domain, research hypothesis is a critical for any researcher. The number of pets in a household is unrelated to the number of people living in it. That sounds pretty serious (and a little intimidating too). Every essay writer is highly qualified and fully capable of completing the. The scientist turns that question into a statement. Since epics are some of the most significant enterprise investments, stakeholders need to agree on their intent and definition. By its very nature, it …. (See scientific method and theory.). The Test Statistic Once we have a statement of hypothesis, the next thing that happens is we analyze sample data 3. Formulation of Hypothesis in research is an essential task in the entire Research Process that comes in the third step. In one of Facebook Group, most of the research scholars were asking about how to write hypothesis statement in research report Jul 26, 2017 · A hypothesis is a statement of the hypothesis suggested solution for an unexplained occurrence that does not fit into current accepted scientific theory. A person's preference for a shirt is unrelated to its color. The data analysis is essentially applications of research tools and techniques to prove or disprove the hypothesis Null Hypothesis ( H 0) Statement of zero or no change. (Shape/Model/Cue) Alternative Behavior. The objective of the supposition is to help verify a proposed idea or summary. Epic hypothesis statement. The higher ratio of unemployment leads to crimes Hypothesis is a tentative statement about the probable solution to a problem of research study well in advance prior to conducting the research study The statement prepared by the Researcher must. b) H1. Nov 09, 2009 · A hypothesis is an approximate explanation that relates to the set of facts that can be tested by certain further investigations. …. Then she uses that information to form a tentative answer to her scientific question. The hypothesis should always start with I THINK., the you will choose one of the three independent variables you think will have the least or most affect on the dependent variable A null hypothesis is a statement of the status quo, one of no difference or no effect. statement of the hypothesis Predictions often take the shape of "If ____then ____" statements, but do not have to. In research, hypotheses provide the basis for data collection and data analysis. It could be a research, when the …. A hypothesis leads to one or more predictions that statement of the hypothesis can be tested by experimenting. Link between Theory & Investigation. These are called the null hypothesis and the alternative hypothesis. The decision is based on the null hypothesis A good hypothesis is a statement that helps to explain the occurrence of a specified group of observable phenomena. There are several ways we can verify the accuracy of that guess, but the most functional way is to create a behavioral support plan that addresses the hypothetical functions and take data to see if it works The writing a hypothesis statement would be more applicable to quantitative analysis. A good research hypothesis can be formulated as an “if-then” statement: If a child is exposed to the music of Mozart, then that child’s intelligence will increase A hypothesis is an important part of the scientific method. 53. Before formulating your research hypothesis, read about the topic of interest to you. It is an integral part of the scientific method that forms the basis of scientific experiments. For example, if you want to find out customer experiences with performance of a company, the hypothesis might be as below: There is significant relationship between customer experience and performance of the company. Thesis Dissertations A scientist begins with a question she wishes to answer. In some hypothesis test, H 0: µ = 12. It forms the basis for designing an experiment in the scientific method. It must be in a specific concept and easy to understand and share some relationships with existing knowledge Effective hypotheses are simple enough to be testable, but not so simple that they are common knowledge. Remember that the scientific method is used not only in the physical sciences, but also in the social sciences. It could be a research, when the …. This statement gives a possibility …. Since a statement can be either true or false, there are two hypotheses to identify. These examples show how the observation data can be turned. Key difference between the above two forms (research question/problem statement & its related hypothesis): The statement of the hypothesis research question or problem statementis in "open-ended" form, while the hypothesisstates a definite outcome or set of outcomes that we might predict! Strong hypotheses are most often written in the, "If A occurs, then B will occur" format and are presented as statements, not questions. It is a specific, testable prediction about what you expect to happen in a study Research Problems, Research Questions, and Hypotheses Describe the process of developing and refining a research problem Distinguish the functions and forms of statements of purpose and research questions for quantitative and qualitative studies. A hypothesis is a tentative solution to a research problem or question. Formulating a hypothesis or a geographical statement. It must be in a specific concept and easy to understand and share some relationships with existing knowledge Key difference between the above two forms (research question/problem statement & its related hypothesis): The research question or problem statement is in "open-ended" form, while the hypothesis states a definite outcome or set of outcomes that we might …. A hypothesis is only a guess about the function of behavior. Hypothesis statement takes you to research hypothesis where the topic of discussion or experimentation is specifically pointed out. For such studies and associated researches, they have to collect numerous data from various available sources Hypothesis provides accuracy and precision to a research activity. H 1, alternate hypothesis -- a statement which statement of the hypothesis contradicts the null hypothesis From the perspective of a user, the purpose of Hypothesis is to make it easier for you to write better tests. The independent variable must cause some change in the dependent variable Mar 05, 2013 · 1. Scientists then use a large battery of deductive methods to arrive at a hypothesis that is testable. “A hypothesis is a conjectural statement of the hypothesis statement of the relation between two or more variables”. Predictions should include both an independent variable (the factor you change in an experiment) and a dependent variable (the factor you observe or measure in an experiment) Jan 28, 2019 · In simpler words, a hypothesis is a statement that assumes a relationship between an independent variable and a dependent variable. A research generally starts with a problem Working hypothesis is that one which is applied to a field. Hypotheses are generated in business process improvement initiatives in order to create experiments that …. The basic idea of a hypothesis is that there is no pre-determined. This usually involves proposing a possible relationship between two variables: the independent variable (what the researcher changes) and the …. An alternative hypothesis …. On the contrary, you will likely suspect that there is a relationship between a set of variables.. In statistics, a hypothesis is a statement, or assumption, about the characteristics of one or more variables in one or more populations. Apr 23, 2019 · A hypothesis is a statement that can be tested by scientific research. Modify Antecedents. The American Heritage Dictionary defines a hypothesis as, "a tentative explanation for an observation, phenomenon, or scientific problem that can be tested by further investigation." This means statement of the hypothesis a hypothesis is the stepping stone to a soon-to-be proven theory RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS A research hypothesis is a statement of expectation or prediction that will be tested by research. Hypothesis formulation is not a necessary but an important step of the research. From your reading, which may include articles, books and/or cases, you should gain sufficient. A research hypothesis (H 1) is a type of hypothesis used to design an experiment. (Give an acceptable way to get needs met) Suzy starts pinching herself and others around 11:00 am because she gets hungry (and is protesting that state). So you could write a hypothesis on anything from how sunlight affects plant growth or cell multiplication to …. Secondary Research Dissertation After a problem is identified, the scientist would typically conduct some research about the problem and then make a hypothesis about what will …. Then she uses that information to form a tentative answer to her scientific question. Here are some examples: Ex.: “In the United States, government regulation plays an important role in the fight against air pollution.”. The most typical value (the one that appears the most often) in the data set is referred to as the. In scientific research, a hypothesis is a statement about a predicted relationship between variables. Make sure Suzy gets breakfast Hypothesis save time, money and energy of a researcher because it is a guide for him and help him in saving these basic things. For example, if you make a change in the process then the null hypothesis could be that the output is similar from both the previous and changed process. (Remove the need to exhibit the statement of the hypothesis behavior) Teach. The two primary features of a scientific hypothesis are falsifiability and testability, which are reflected in an “If…then” statement summarizing the idea and in the ability to be supported or refuted through observation and experimentation Hypothesis correlates with the research objective. A research hypothesis is a statement of expectation or prediction that will be tested by research. Make sure your hypothesis is "testable. The data analysis is essentially applications of research tools and techniques to prove or disprove the hypothesis Hypothesis: (noun) a supposition or proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation -- the evidence used to accept or reject the null hypothesis. The null hypothesis, denoted by H0, is the statement about a value of a population parameter that we intend to test Nov 24, 2014 · Research Hypothesis Examples. (Remove the need to exhibit the behavior) Teach. A hypothesis statement is typically an educated guess as to the relationship between factors, and serves as the basis for an experiment to test whether the relationship holds true. It.The writing a hypothesis statement would be more statement of the hypothesis applicable to quantitative analysis. Sometimes people refer to the tentative answer as "an educated guess.". What is Hypothesis Testing? Include your review of the literature. Since we have observed that. d) Critical value. Accuracy and precision is the feature of scientific investigation which is possible due to hypothesis. The scientist turns that question into a statement. a) Ho. The null hypothesis always includes the equal sign. It is important that this statement reflects an understanding of scientific principles and statement of the hypothesis showcases preliminary research Simple hypothesis is that one in which there exists relationship between two variables one is called independent variable or cause and other is dependent variable or effect. Every essay writer is highly …. Writing a hypothesis should always precede any actual experiments and is an important part of the scientific method. A hypothesis is tested by drawing conclusions from it; if observation and experimentation show a conclusion to be false, the hypothesis must be false. The research hypothesis is a clearly defined topic of discussion about the results of a study in particular topic. This type of hypothesis is often written as an if-then statement because it’s easy statement of the hypothesis to identify the independent and dependent variables and see how one affects the other. The Riemann hypothesis is equivalent to several statements showing that the terms of the Farey sequence are fairly regular. If that likelihood is sufficiently small e. You must reach the introductory chapter of the investigation. Therefore, we reject the null hypothesis, and accept the alternative hypothesis. (Kerlinger, 1956) “Hypothesis is a formal statement that presents the expected relationship between an independent and dependent variable.”(Creswell, 1994) “A research question is essentially a hypothesis asked in the form of a …. One such equivalence is as follows: if F n is the Farey sequence of order n , beginning with 1/ n and up to 1/1, then the claim that for all ε > 0. This hypothesis is tested for possible rejection or approval The hypothesis is based on available information and the investigator's belief about the population parameters. Download Epic Hypothesis Statement. Here are some examples: Ex.: “In the United States, government regulation plays an important role in the fight against air pollution.”. Four Parts of a Hypothesis 1. Since the hypothesis acts as the foundation to future research, let’s carefully discuss how to create a hypothesis Continuum statement of the hypothesis hypothesis, statement of set theory that the set of real numbers (the continuum) is in a sense as small as it can be. However, this does not mean that there is a 95% probability that the research hypothesis is true. Hypothesis Statements. A statistical hypothesis is an assumption about a population parameter.This assumption may or may not be true. From your reading, which may include articles, books and/or cases, you should gain sufficient information about your topic that will enable you tonarrow or limit it and express it as a research question. The specific tests considered here are called chi-square tests and are appropriate when the outcome is discrete (dichotomous, ordinal or categorical) A hypothesis is a statement that introduces a research question and proposes an expected result. HYPOTHESIS IN MARKETING RESEARCH - VIEWING IT DIFFERENTLY. In the context of the scientific method, this description is somewhat correct. You do not need to believe that the null hypothesis is true to test it. b : an interpretation of a practical situation or condition taken as the ground for action. Once a scientist has a scientific question she is interested in, the scientist reads up to find out what is already known on the topic. The Null and Alternative Hypotheses In statistics, a hypothesis is a statement, or assumption, about the 2. Jul 12, 2018 · Views:92558 A hypothesis is a statement that can be proved or disproved. A hypothesis statement predicts a relationship between two variables. It is typically used in quantitative research and predicts A thesis statement is a short, direct sentence that summarizes the main point or claim of an essay or research paper. During the formulation it is an assumption only but when it is pat to a test become an empirical or working hypothesis Hypothesis formulation helps in formulating the research problem. The best way to determine whether a statistical hypothesis is true would be to examine the entire population Hypothesis testing is an act statement of the hypothesis in statistics whereby an analyst tests an assumption regarding a population parameter. Hypothesis can be one and it can be as many as possible Your purpose statement leads you to write a more refined thesis statement or hypothesis(es), an assertion that you can defend and support with evidence gathered in your literature review and research. Here, we will cover a functional statement of the hypothesis definition of hypothesis & basic Steps in …. In 1873 the German mathematician Georg Cantor proved that the continuum is uncountable—that is, the real numbers are a larger infinity than the counting numbers—a key. 2 : a tentative assumption made in order to draw out and test its logical or empirical consequences Oct 11, 2017 · Hypotheses are the testable statements linked to your research question. The null hypothesis states there is no relationship between the measured phenomenon (the dependent variable) and the independent variable. Jan 28, 2019 · In simpler words, a hypothesis is a statement that assumes a relationship between an independent variable and a dependent variable. Kristin says: "This hypothesis is good because it is testable, simple, written as a statement, and establishes the participants (trout), variables (oxygen in water, and numbers of lice), and predicts effect (as oxygen levels go down, the numbers of lice go up).". Definition of hypothesis. All daisies have the same number of petals. After a problem is identified, the scientist would typically conduct some research about the problem and then make a hypothesis about what …. A hypothesis is a tentative statement about the relationship between two or more variables. A null hypothesis is a statement of the status quo, one of no difference or no effect The hypothesis is based on available information and the investigator's belief about the population parameters. process, we must first explain a few fundamentals about the function of behavior. Before formulating statement of the hypothesis your research hypothesis, read about the topic of interest to you. Definition of Hypothesis A hypothesis is a possible answer to a research question. -- what you really want to "disprove." -- ex. The research hypothesis is central to all research endeavors, whether qualitative or quantitative, exploratory or explanatory. Nov 24, 2014 · A hypothesis is a prediction of the outcome of a test. If the original claim does not include equality (<, not equal, >) then the null hypothesis is the complement of the original claim. Hypothesis offers a solution of the problem that is to be verified empirically and based on some. . All But Dissertation Include your hypothesis and make it clear it is your hypothesis Scientific hypothesis, an idea that proposes a tentative explanation about a phenomenon or a narrow set of phenomena observed in the natural world. Figure 2. The Difference Between hypothesis and theory Synonym Discussion of hypothesis Our hypothesis statement will put together the WHAT, WHEN, WHERE, and WHY of the behavior. Probability Values and Statistical. It is a specific, testable prediction about what you statement of the hypothesis expect to happen in a study Examples of Null Hypotheses. RESEARCH HYPOTHESISA research hypothesis is a statement of expectation or prediction that will be tested byresearch.Before formulating your research hypothesis, read about the topic of interest to you.. Our essay writers are standing by Statement Of The Hypothesis to take the work off of your hands. Label which one is the independent variable and which one is the dependent variable. In the context of the scientific method, this description is somewhat correct. Statement Of The Hypothesis You need not struggle any longer, as you can hire a custom essay writer from us and get the work done for you. At its most basic, the research hypothesis states what the researcher expects to find – it is the tentative answer to the research question that guides the entire study Good Hypothesis : Poor Hypothesis: When there is less oxygen in the water, rainbow trout suffer more lice. The research hypothesis is a clearly defined topic of discussion about the results of a study in particular topic. c) Test Statistic. If-then statements are used to explore statement of the hypothesis cause and effect Hypothesis Statements. There are basically two types, namely, null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis. Therefore, you need to be careful and thorough when building your hypothesis to complete your essay? A hypothesis is a tentative, testable answer to a scientific question. It must be in a specific concept and easy to understand and share some relationships with existing knowledge.. Sometimes people refer to the tentative answer as "an educated guess.". This usually involves proposing a possible relationship between two variables: the independent variable (what the researcher changes) and the …. Basically, the function of behavior can be boiled down to serving one of two purposes: -The student is either trying to obtain / get something OR -The student is trying to escape / avoid something Definition of Hypothesis A hypothesis is a possible answer to a research question. A good hypothesis is a statement that helps to explain the occurrence of a specified group of observable phenomena. The null hypothesis is: The mean is 12. You do not need to believe that the null hypothesis is true to test it. A hypothesis is a statement that predicts a relationship exists or doesn't exist. 15. Theory is a source of hypothesis which leads to its formulation. Hyperactivity is unrelated to eating sugar. (Shape/Model/Cue) Alternative Behavior. Hypothesis statement takes you to research statement of the hypothesis hypothesis where the topic of discussion or experimentation is specifically pointed out. Stating A Hypothesis In A Research Paper Help Writing A Thesis master degree dissertation phd thesis methodology find phd thesis how to write conclusions dissertation survey Home » Uncategorized » Statement Of The Hypothesis-www.wynneevans.co.uk What is a dissertation Research chapters © 2013 WYNNE EVANS \| ALL RIGHTS RESERVED \| UNAUTHORISED REPRODUCTION, HIRING, LENDING, PUBLIC PERFORMANCE OR BROADCAST PROHIBITED Wynne Evans Ltd is registered in England and Wales. Reg. No. 7267376	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line225
__label__wiki	0.591601	0.591601	Stephanie Kato Self-publishing Assistance Looking Toward The Future Glad to see you guys again. Pretty soon, a new steampunk game called Dishonored 2 will be available on the market. So, I decided to review the first Dishonored game. I'll give a breakdown of the gameplay and plot, along with the pros and cons. Dishonored takes place in a fictional city called Dunwall, which a dark and gritty dystopian environment. It has many influences from steampunk, including clothing, weapons, architecture, and the overall dystopian component. I don't think Dunwall is part of Victorian England, but it definitely has a lot of similarities. You'll play as Corvo, the Empress's bodyguard. Early in the game, an assassin murders the Empress and frames Corvo for her murder. Corvo escapes from prison and tries to clear his name. Along the way, you'll encounter many enemies, political corruption, and a supernatural entity called the Outsider. This mysterious Outsider probably has a malevolent purpose, but you don't have many allies. He grants Corvo special powers, like the ability to teleport, see through walls, and possess animals for a short period of time. Dunwall is also inflicted with a deadly plague that's devastating the lower classes. Corvo will try to survive his journey and rescue the Empress's daughter. I also noticed everything is running on whale oil instead of steam power. Does this game sound weird enough yet? Overall, Dishonored is a pretty good game, even though it's almost too hard for me to play. The plot is very interesting and it keeps you guessing. Some players will really enjoy the gameplay because you can mix and match stealth with sword fighting. Unlike most games, Dishonored has a lot of versatility with the gameplay. Some people might prefer a stealth approach with fewer kills and confrontations. Others will prefer the more brutal combat that dispatches of Corvo's enemies. I think it's best to use a combination of the two strategies, depending on the scene. The protagonist has awesome weapons. You'll have a sword, pistol, crossbow, and mystical powers that will help Corvo get out of sticky situations. All of these weapons have steampunk elements and that makes the game even cooler. I fell in love with the depressing steampunk environment. The landscape has a lot of Victorian influences and you can tell the city is plunging into chaos. I know that doesn't sound like a good thing, but it's not uncommon in steampunk tales. Dishonored also has the classic dilemma of upper classes ruining lower classes. The wealthy landowners and politicians live a cushy existence while the working classes are suffering from a plague. Don't worry. You'll see justice in the end. Corvo's powers are also a lot of fun to use. I don't want to give away all of them, but you'll pick up new ones along the way and it definitely makes the gameplay easier. You can also save the game any time. If you find a good place to stop, just save the game and come back later. Here are the drawbacks. Some people say this game is easy to play. I don't know what they're talking about. Dishonored is very challenging and primarily tailored for experienced gamers. However, some people would say that's a good thing. I'm not great at stealth gameplay and that definitely makes a difference. Everything works better if your stealth skills are good. You'll also achieve a much better ending with more stealth attacks and fewer kills. I ran into several glitches. It was annoying and I had to restart the game a few times. Corvo has to pick up essentials like ammunition, health, and elixirs that recharge his powers. Unfortunately, all of these items are sparse. Enemies can easily take a lot of your health and using your powers is a draining experience. So, it's easy to run into trouble. I like to use pistols and crossbows, but their ammo is very limited. Pick and choose your kills wisely. The AI is a bit inconsistent. Somehow, enemies were spotting me behind walls, doors, and piles of boxes or rocks. Yet they might not see me in more vulnerable areas. It's important to pick up bone charms and runes to gain more powers. However, they're heavily guarded and hard to obtain. You might find their location, but have difficulty picking them up. Everything is out to get you. In this universe, animals use humans as a food source. Even the rats eat people in this game. I'm also having a hard time wrapping my mind around the whale oil thing. Maybe Dishonored is a commentary about hunting whales. Who on earth is the Outsider? It's never clear. He seems to be an immortal and demonic human who can grant unusual powers to people. The Outsider definitely wants Corvo to succeed, but the motivation remains mysterious. Some people believe the Outsider is a whale deity who's taking on a human disguise. Preposterous, but it might be true. Even though I struggled with this game, it's still a good buy. Steampunk fans should definitely try it out. In fact, anyone who likes dystopian environments would like this game. Players who enjoy sword fighting and stealth modes would also appreciate it. Dishonored is great for people who enjoy challenging gameplay and lots of options. I won't give it away, but wait for the end. Dishonored has three different endings depending on your gameplay style and it's quite exciting. That's pretty much it. Have fun and I'll see you guys next week!	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line228
__label__wiki	0.86347	0.86347	The Boxing Truth® Boxing Rankings Thoughts On Alvarez-Fielding The Super-Middleweight clash between current unified WBA/IBO/WBC Middleweight world champion Saul “Canelo” Alvarez and top Super-Middleweight contender Rocky Fielding had all the makings of a big event. One of Boxing’s biggest stars stepping into the ring to compete alone will draw attention, but the added elements of that star moving up in weight to test the waters in a new weight class as well as where this fight took place made for a special night of Boxing. Off of a landmark $365 million dollar broadcast deal with digital sports streaming network DAZN, Saul Alvarez would not re-enter the ring after becoming a Middleweight world champion for the second time in September in a venue in Las Vegas as has been the norm for many of his recent bouts, but would instead take place in a historic venue rich in Boxing history. Alvarez would make his Super-Middleweight debut in the venue rightfully regarded as “The Mecca Of Boxing.” Madison Square Garden in New York City, NY. When Alvarez entered The Garden ring on December 15th to face top Super-Middleweight contender Rocky Fielding it appeared on paper that it could be a difficult task for the current Middleweight world champion to combat. After all, it is worth remembering that Alvarez began his career as a 140lb. Jr. Welterweight and first became a world champion as a 154lb. Jr. Middleweight. This fight would be nearly thirty pounds up the weight scale from where Alvarez made his professional debut in 2005, the 168lb. Super-Middleweight division. An illustration of how the physics did not necessarily favor Alvarez going into this encounter could be seen in the tale of the tape as he was five inches shorter than Fielding and was also giving up five inches in reach to his opponent. While not always an accurate illustration of what will happen when two fighters square off inside the ring, it does more often than not play a role in at minimum showing the task before the fighter who is at the height and reach disadvantage. Despite the disadvantages that Alvarez had to contend with as well as facing a naturally bigger man, a great fighter more often than not will find a way to combat the challenge. Two things were immediately apparent in this fight. Alvarez knew how to implement the strategy for facing a taller and naturally bigger opponent, and Fielding did not know how to make use of the physical advantages he had going into the fight. Alvarez immediately got on the inside of Fielding and pounded away at his body scoring four knockdowns over three one-sided rounds to earn a stoppage in the third round. The fight did not live up to what became an event, but the event itself did mark a continuing shift for the sport as Alvarez, one of Boxing’s top pay-per-view draws officially stepped away from the realm of traditional television and pay-per-view and into the future of Over The Top (OTT) digital distribution in what was the first fight in his five year, eleven bout agreement with the DAZN digital sports streaming network. While his fight against Rocky Fielding can best be described as one fighter chopping another down, it is obvious that the public that are now being exposed to the DAZN streaming service are going to want to see Alvarez face stern competition in subsequent fights. This observer wants to remind those who were critical of Alvarez for facing a fighter in Rocky Fielding, who was not particularly well-known to casual fans or known here in the United States, who have in the days since the fight took a stance in suggesting that the encounter might have been “Fixed.” This of course comes from the source of the disgruntled fan who more often than not are very difficult to please in today’s age of social media. It was clear that the fight between Alvarez and Rocky Fielding was one between a world-class fighter in Fielding stepping up not in weight class, but in class of opposition by facing an elite level fighter in Saul Alvarez. While at the end of the day, it proved to be a mis-match, Fielding did get in there with one of the best fighters in the world and continued getting up when knocked down, despite being outclassed. What I would like to remind folks who shared a common accusation of those who are disgruntled that prior to 2018, a year that has seen the inception of low cost digital subscription streaming sports networks like DAZN and ESPN+ that a fight featuring a fighter who is not only regarded as one of the top boxers in the sport, but also a top draw would have been one that would have been offered via traditional cable/satellite pay-per-view where similar fights would have been changed to the consumer for $70+. Although this was a one-sided fight that left some unsatisfied, it was offered to consumers at a more economically sensible price as part of a monthly subscription plan and offered more content than what is normally offered on traditional mediums. While this is in no way meant to put down the Boxing fan, who may feel dissatisfied with what might have been their first exposure to the sport delivered via Over The Top (OTT) digital distribution, it does leave a sense that no matter what a fighter, a promoter, or a network does or offers there will always be a segment of the audience who will not be satisfied. Although it may present what some might see as a “No-Win” scenario, it does underscore the importance that all involved strive to make the best fights possible for the fan/consumer. With that in mind, an obvious question that yours truly has pondered in the days since the fight has been what will Alvarez do next? To be more specific, not only who will he fight next, but in what weight class will that fight take place? Given Alvarez’ new agreement with DAZN, there may be no shortage of interesting options in either the 160lb. Middleweight division or the 168lb. Super- Middleweight division. This is obviously due to the influx of talent that is available in both weight classes featuring fighters who have regularly been competing on DAZN cards since its launch here in the United States in September or will be doing so in 2019. An obvious question that most fans and experts alike are asking is whether or not a third encounter between Alvarez and Gennady Golovkin is a potential option. In the eyes of this observer, there is no clear answer as of this writing as to whether or not a third fight between the two will take place in the near future. This is because as of this writing Gennady Golovkin has not formally announced where he will sign as far as his future in terms of what network/platform will televise his fights in the near future following HBO’s recent decision to step out of the Boxing business after forty-five years. As many know, both Golovkin and Alvarez were under contract to HBO, but each of their respective deals with the network concluded after their second fight making both free agents as far as television networks were concerned. With Alvarez now signed to DAZN the question of whether a third fight between the two will take place will likely come down to what network/platform Golovkin chooses to sign with. In my opinion, I think the question really should be not if, but when a third fight between the two takes place. It is of course the fighter’s decision, in this case Golovkin’s, to decide what is best for him at this stage of his career. After two hotly contested battles with Alvarez that each ended with elements of controversy as far as the scoring of those fights and opinion among both fans and experts as to who won those fights, a third encounter remains warranted. Until Golovkin makes his decision public, there are other options that should be considered for Alvarez. The two obvious options in my mind would be a unification bout with recently crowned IBF Middleweight world champion Daniel Jacobs at Middleweight or to face WBA Super-Middleweight world champion Callum Smith if Alvarez wants to stay at 168lbs. A fight with each of those champions would provide an interesting challenge for Alvarez and in terms of a potential fight with Smith, Alvarez did earn interim/regular champion status in the WBA’s Super-Middleweight ratings with his win over Rocky Fielding, which essentially makes him the number one contender for Smith’s world championship. Both of these options may indeed be logical due to both of those fighters being promoted by Eddie Hearn, who also promotes Rocky Fielding and who also has a deal with DAZN. While the idea of fights being easy to make can be and often times is wishful thinking, it does give the appearance that a fight with either Jacobs or Smith would be perhaps easier to make as there are no contracts between competing networks/platforms that would potentially interfere in a fight being finalized. As readers may recall in my preview of Alvarez-Fielding, I stated that no matter what happened in the ring on December 15th that it would be a win for the sport. While there may be some who remain critical not only of the fight itself, but more specifically the direction that the sport is going in terms of OTT/streaming options over traditional television and pay-per-view, it was indeed a win that Boxing fans should celebrate. How DAZN, Alvarez, and the respective promoters that are involved will follow that win remains to be seen. With the sport in general moving in a much better and economically sensible direction for the fans that support it and stepping into the future in terms of technology, I for one am encouraged by where things are heading. All too often, fans as well as those of us who cover the sport have to deal with the negative aspects of Boxing that yours truly has often referred to over the years as “Black Eyes.” For once, we’re not discussing a situation that involves controversy or an instance where fans feel “Cheated” by paying an inflated fee to see a Boxing card that ultimately left them unsatisfied. While some critics may remain, this observer will conclude this column by asking a simple question, “Why criticize a good thing for Boxing?” “And That’s The Boxing Truth.” The Boxing Truth® is a registered trademark of Beau Denison All Rights Reserved. Follow Beau Denison on Twitter: www.twitter.com/Beau_Denison Posted by Beau Denison at 7:30 PM A Boxing Wishlist For 2021 As is tradition at the beginning of a new year here at The Boxing Truth®️, the time has come once again for this observer to share his “Boxi... SANMAN BOXING TRIO STARTS TRAINING CAMP FOR UPCOMI... Alvarez-Fielding Weights Alvarez-Fielding: A New Era Begins Update: Alvarez-Fielding Wilder-Fury: The Fight, The Controversies, The Rem... Two Former World Champions Begin The Road Back Update: Wilder-Fury Beau Denison	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line232
__label__cc	0.58769	0.41231	If I Were to Visit Aberdeen, part 3 – Bullers of Buchan Exploring the best places in nature around the world. The name “Bullers of Buchan” refers both to a collapsed sea cave and to the adjacent village. Located twenty-five miles (40 kilometers) north of Aberdeen, Scotland, in the Cruden Bay along the North Sea, this collapsed sea cave forms an almost circular chasm — also known… 04/02/2016 in Travel. If I Were to Visit Aberdeen, part 2 (Linn o’ Dee) Exploring the best places in nature around the world. The River Dee is one of the two rivers in Aberdeen, Scotland. The other one is called the River Don. In Scotland and Northern England, a Linn is a geographical feature describing where a watercourse has cut through a shelf of hard rock creating a narrow,… If I Were to Visit Aberdeen, part 1 (Balmedie Beach) Exploring the best places in nature around the world. Upon first glance, Aberdeen, Scotland doesn’t look like a place a nature fanatic would like to visit. It’s called the “Granite City,” the “Grey City,” and the “Silver City” — nicknames that don’t necessarily scream the greens and blues of a nature lover’s dream. Don’t get me…	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line234
__label__cc	0.738377	0.261623	Raffi Khatchadourian Page New Yorker Page Raffi Khatchadourian – Transfiguration Description and Analysis This article is a long one from Raffi Khatchadourian that retells the story of the first recipient of a full face transplant in the United States. It is very moving and somewhat of a graphic read; It’s something of a testament to Khatchadourian that he kept it unobjectionable. At first, I was a little surprised that Khatchadourian was able to provide such depth to this story, but after talking to people, it was something that previous reporting and standard hospital practice would actually allow for, and New Yorker customarily provides the space for depth, where other newspapers wouldn’t. I thought that the unconventionality of the surgeries wouldn’t allow for basic logistical or sanitary reasons for a journalist to scrub in. However, because it’s a powerful teaching resource, additional people often do scrub in. I was also informed that there is generally a nurse that records, much like a court stenographer would do. Finally, it’s not the type of story that would generally make sense to insert propaganda, and since it was being covered by multiple sources, could easily be compared to. The reaction was tempered, in my opinion, for the level of quality of the article. It was written back when New Yorker had a strict paywall, which has since been lifted. I imagine it didn’t get many eyes when it was released. The highest Google search results return very little that goes beyond recommendations. Belinda Webb-Blofeld writes about the article for her blog, found here Letter to the editor in response to the article published in New Yorker, found here David Brooks applauds the article and awards it his own “Sidney Award” for Mercury News, found here The End of Food JeremyArticles0 JeremyJournalists0 Get Out of Jail, Inc. Search the Index Please help me out and feed me. Donate Bitcoin here. Article Analysis Journalist Index Publication Index Things Relevant acknowledges widespread use of the work of others. This is, as far as the author can discern, all applicable under the Doctrine of Fair Use. All articles reviewed are found, freely available, on the web. Paywalls, most of which are inconveniently restrictive to the community as a whole, are respected. Things Relevant would like to thank both Marcin Owczarek and David Michael Bowers for the depictions of “The Ship of Fools.” Please email jeremy@thingsrelevant.com if there are any problems.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line235
__label__cc	0.672103	0.327897	Wherever The Wind... What's in our bags Rejected Blog Names A Few Days in Dubai By Caitlin It was hard to get a handle on Dubai in 3 days. It's a very traditional, conservative, Muslim place and yet, it's also cosmopolitan, multicultural and thriving on Western-style consumerism. Geographically-speaking, it was hard to get around because of how massive and spread out the city is. We would look on the map and think it feasible to walk somewhere, but it was usually twice as far as expected. Even though we were in a huge city, we felt like characters slogging through a desert searching for an oasis. Part of that slog was the heat, which felt pretty good after a chilly week in Turkey. Despite temps in the 90's, it was Dubai's coolest season. The deserted, restored traditional Dubai Walking around Dubai, there were 3 distinct parts that to me represented the past, present and future of the city. Old Dubai felt like many other Arab countries I've traveled to with spice markets and Dhow boats shuttling people across the Dubai Creek. There is one neighborhood of restored Emirati architecture that was beautiful but also eerily deserted. It was like what the UAE area of EPCOT might look like. Outside of this reconstructed area, buildings were either standard cinder block or extremely modern with not a lot in between. A traditional dhow boat takes people across the water A mosque in Dubai The area we stayed in, which is probably representative of most of Dubai, was one of the most diverse places I've ever been. There was every different kind of language and ethnicity present. Most of Dubai's residents are South Asian, Southeast Asian, or from other Arab countries. A very, very small percentage of Dubai is native Emirati. Despite hosting generations of immigrants, the Emratis protect their citizenship very closely making it very hard to become a citizen, even for children born in Dubai. Much of the reason for the diversity has to do with labor needs to build up such an impressive city in such a short time and it cannot go unsaid that Dubai is known to have a terrible human rights and environmental record as a result. To me, this is Dubai's present: A huge international city, with an infamous reputation that doesn't represent the multicultural feel of it at all. Then there is the "future-looking" Dubai of the Burg Dubai, the tallest building in the world, the numerous man-made islands, the brand new shiny malls and subway system. In one small area of Dubai, called the marina, we were dwarfed by seemingly as many skyscrapers as in all of Chicago. (It even reminded us a bit of Chitown with a canal running through it.) There were still a ton of high rises being built and it was hard to figure out if all the finished ones were even all sold. Then there were the malls. Yes, the crazy ones with a ski slopes, ice skating rinks, roller coasters and aquariums. We visited several and were shocked by how American they felt and by the sheer amount of shopping taking place. Every fast food restaurant ever, even ones you thought closed, still exist in a Dubai mall. Jed was reunited with a fast food that he hadn't had since it closed in Madison 12 years ago. Clearly, the malls are the places to "see and be seen" both to escape the heat and conform to the strict societal rules. As if almost to remind you that you still in Dubai, the malls have strict codes of conduct (see below), lots of locals are in Emirati attire and the Muslim call to prayer is announced over the intercom system. It certainly is about as interesting of an "east" meets "west" as we have encountered on our trip so far. Rules of the extremely modern, "western" mall Indoor ski slopes...in the mall Dubai or Chicago? Dan G. link Ski slopes... in the mall?! Um, whaaat?!?! I'm pretty sure Charley's in Madison closed the moment Jed left campus since he was the only one who ever went there. I can only imagine him breaking down in tears of joy upon discovering it in Dubai, of all places. This is Caitlin and Jed's blog about our adventures. General Travel Info Wherever The Wind... Home Travel Blog Itinerary Miscellaneous	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line238
__label__cc	0.723136	0.276864	Willem's Planet a weblog of whereabouts & interests, since 2010 Saturday/ the new stations on Berlin’s U5 Here’s another reason for me to go to Berlin again some time (first reason is the new Berlin Brandenburg Airport): the expansion of the U5 U-bahn* line that had started in 2010, is now complete. Short for Untergrundbahn, ‘underground railway’. I took this picture of the Rotes Rathaus (‘red town hall’, opened in 1869) on Rathaus-straße near Alexanderplatz in 2015. Construction of the U-5 line extension and stations were already well underway. Here is the ‘Bärlinde’ tunnel boring machine they deployed. It is somewhat similar to the Bertha boring machine (dia. 57.5 ft/ 17.5 m) that was used in Seattle for the SR-99 tunnel, but this one is not nearly as big (dia. 22 ft/ 6.7 m). The new part of the U5 line dips down from the Brandenburg gate to the station called Museum Insel (museum island, an island in the Spree River), and then goes up again to Alexanderplatz. Inside the brand new Rotes Rathaus station on the U5 extension. [Picture credit: Der Tagesspiegel/ Annette Riegel] “The U-5 crackles with History” Come in! With 50,000 people that will be able to change between lines 5 and 6 in the new Unter Den Linden station, according to BVG, the city’s mayor hopes for a revitalization aboveground. He imagines concerts on Museum Island with fewer cars that are driven, and people can converse undisturbed. Here is the history of the U5 line that now stretches back almost a century, to 1927. [Graphic from Der Tagesspiegel] Monday/ better late than never Two items in the ‘Better Late Than Never’ category, in the fight against the pandemic, were in the news today. 1. Dr. Scott Atlas, Trump’s coronavirus adviser resigned. (His ‘expert advice’ appalled public health experts). 2. Washingtonians can finally activate or download the Coronavirus Exposure Notification app. (In Western Washington, the number of new daily cases jumped six-fold just from September to November). The diagram below shows how this works. Here’s how the Exposure Notification smartphone app, developed by Apple & Google, works. (Technical question: Bluetooth signals work up to 30 ft/ 10 m away. Does that mean I will get a notification if I had been as much as 30 ft away from a person that had tested positive for COVID-19 the last 14 days? I guess so! The fourth panel does say it needs to be ‘a significant amount of time’ – 15 mins, I would guess – that the phones had been in close proximity). [Graphic from the Washington State Dept. of Health website] Saturday/ ‘your mesh connection is great’ ‘A mesh network is a group of devices that act as a single Wi-Fi network; so there are multiple sources of Wi-Fi around your house, instead of just a single router. These additional Wi-Fi sources are called points or nodes’. – definition from support.google.com My Wi-Fi signal downstairs was too weak for my new smart TV, so I opted for a mesh network to get a better signal downstairs — instead of adding a Wi-Fi extender to my existing network. Per my limited understanding, Wi-Fi extenders repeat the signal and thereby slows down its speed. Many times extenders broadcast a new network name, which could be a hassle for a user moving around a lot in the space. I went with Google Nest Wi-Fi. For a small apartment, one node will do, but for a bigger space two nodes or more can be used. Once I had the issues with my old Wi-Fi-enabled modem-router resolved (aka throwing it out and replacing it altogether with just a simple cable modem!), the set-up of the Google Nest Wifi mesh network was straightforward. These little orbs (officially ‘Google Nest Wifi routers’) are the nodes in the mesh network. One of them is connected to the modem via an Ethernet cable (connector plugs are hidden on the bottom). All the other identical nodes are simply plugged in to a power outlet (not further apart than two rooms or so from any other). My node by the modem is upstairs in the study, with one more node downstairs in the living room. Here’s what the walkthrough on the Google Home app looks like. ‘Your mesh connection is great’ .. music to the ears after the slog I had to replace the modem (50 mins on the phone with the ISP’s tech support only to conclude the old modem was not cutting it, and that I needed a new one!). Wednesday/ my TV is now smart My Samsung TV was 10 years old, and at long last it was time to upgrade to a smart 4K TV. I picked a Samsung again, and was planning to replace my 55″ screen with a similar size .. and then at the last minute in the store, opted for one with a 65″ screen. I paid $1,899 in 2010 dollars for the old TV (that’s $2,264 in 2020 dollars). The new one was all of $529, practically given away for free. (Alright, so not completely free). Smart= the TV can connect to the internet and offer all kinds of online content from providers such as Netflix, Amazon Prime, YouTube and others. 4K= the screen resolution is 3840 x 2160; a fourfold increase over Full HD (1920×1080 pixels). The 2020 French Open is underway in Paris. The silly American networks are VERY STINGY with their coverage. I should sign up for Tennis Channel’s content (it’s $100 per year). YouTube posts highlights of the matches every day. My wifi signal is poor in the corner of my living room where the TV is, so what I did here is connect my laptop computer to the TV with an HDMI cable to get the tennis on the big screen. I’m still trying to find out why the laptop can pick up the wifi signal OK but the TV cannot! Anyway, here is the King of Clay (Spaniard Rafael Nadal, 34 yrs, nearside in the turquoise and pink!) in the second round against American Mackenzie McDonald, 25). Nadal won easily, but it was a triumph for McDonald just to be able to play. He tore his hamstring tendon last year in May and could not walk for two months after the operation to mend it. Sunday/ the Model Y Here’s a black Tesla Model Y that I found here on 17th Ave. It has a range of 315 miles, and sports a very sleek look. ‘While the introduction of the Model Y wasn’t as groundbreaking as the hoopla around Models 3, S, and X, it’s clear it is going to be big. SUV and crossover sales continue to dwarf sedan sales in the United States, and the Model X is probably a bit too radical and expensive for most potential EV buyers, so the Model Y appears to hit the sweet spot buyers are looking for: an EV with plenty of cargo space and a high sitting position’. – From a review on caranddriver.com Electrical vehicle Black is beautiful, but man! it shows dirt very quickly. If one gets the black paint, one should probably spring for the black wheels as well, instead of the silver. Saturday/ go Slow The Slow Mo 02 with its Apple-esque square face, all silver stainless steel, with a black dial, $300. How to read the time. Love that last one .. would it be drama if ‘12.23’ is actually 12.24? Is this the perfect watch for the pandemic? It’s a Swiss-made watch with one hand that rolls around the dial once every 24 hours. 12 noon at the top, of course, and midnight at the bottom. Saturday 3.14/ Pi day Sunday 2 a.m./ a very witching time of night ‘Tis now the very witching time of night, When churchyards yawn and hell itself breathes out Contagion to this world: now could I drink hot blood, And do such bitter business as the day Would quake to look on. -From William Shakespeare’s ‘Hamlet’ (written 1599-1601), Act 3, Scene 2. At 2 a.m. Sunday morning local time here in the United States, it was that silly moment of the year again. Clocks were made to ‘spring forward’ by one hour (adjusted to Daylight Saving Time). Of course, only some clocks spring forward by themselves. The others all have to be adjusted manually. Clockwise from top left: my Dream Machine alarm clock, bathroom clock, wrist watch, kitchen clock, iPhone clock, coffee machine clock, landline phone clock, desktop PC clock, digital camera clock, TV clock, microwave oven clock, oven clock, Toyota Camry car clock. Only the iPhone, TV and PC have smart clocks. Monday/ tally-ing up the inventory I ran into Tally the inventory robot in the grocery store last night. I think it’s a good thing — letting a robot do the labor-intensive and repetitive process of physical inventory checking. ‘Yes, but does the store not have a count of the SKUs on the shelf in its database, anyway? one might ask. The store does, but human shoppers take items off the shelf and misplace it when putting it back, or – rarely, I hope – steal it. Or employees could unpack items in the wrong location, or forget to remove sale prices, and so on. So there are always discrepancies between the SKU count in the database and the physical count on the shelf. Stock keeping unit Tally the robot can read RFID (radio-frequency identification) tags, and she can also use AI-powered image recognition to identify different products on the shelf. Sunday/ my big film scanning project Two weeks ago, I discovered an entire shoe box of my old ’80s and ’90s film negatives (35 mm) and slides in my brother’s house. We promptly went out and bought a cheap flatbed scanner (Epson perfection v370) that can scan slides and film, and I have been patiently feeding the scanner reams of 35 mm film. The plan is to upload all the pictures to Google Photos, but only after I had date-stamped and geo-tagged them as well. That way the Google photo engine will be able to search for, and group all the faces for me, put them on a timeline sequence, and also on a world map by location: very nice. ‘Nothing escapes Agfa’ was a tagline long used for Agfa’s 35 mm film. This colorful print envelope from 1998 could accommodate panoramic prints and must have been a high point in the consumer film development and printing age. Alas, digital cameras made its film obsolete, and 2004, Agfa-Gevaert withdrew its products from the consumer market, including photographic film, cameras and other photographic equipment. Check it out: no squinting at your 35 mm negatives, there is an index printed on the inside of the envelope. And that date printed at the top of the printed index could prove to be very valuable later. I have to engage in some serious sleuthing to put even a accurate YEAR on some of my 35 mm negatives that are undated. Tuesday/ the internet was almost the ‘cat-enet’ It was 50 years ago, to the day, that the first remote login from one terminal to another was done, on what was then called Arpanet. And so the internet was born, say the pundits. Just in time for Halloween: Meihejia Funny Cowboy Jacket Suit, available on Amazon for US$16. Research papers into the late 70’s referred to these linked terminals as the ‘catenet model’ (concatenated terminals). It was only in the early 80’s with the arrival of the Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) protocol that the term ‘internet’ was settled on. And it would be until the mid-90’s, before the public-at-large would get drawn into the internet — by the likes of America Online and Microsoft’s Internet Explorer. Amazon (1997), Netflix (2002), Google (2004), Facebook (2012) and Twitter (2013) would follow. The years the companies went public. Posted on October 25, 2019 November 19, 2019 Friday/ dogs & cats, on Tik Tok Young people are now flocking to the social media app called Tik Tok. (It is used to create video clips set to snappy music: clowning for the camera, falling down on your skateboard, shooting hoops, driving golf carts, stuff like that). Trouble is, the servers are based in China, and regulators fear that the app could pose a national security risk (used to spy on American citizens, used in political influence campaigns, or even used by ISIS terrorists for propaganda). Anyway – let’s see what the fuss is about, I thought. My initial take: yes, as easy as YouTube to waste a lot of time on it. I stumbled onto a few cute animal videos (stills below), and I like those the best. Cutie pie doggos. They evidently have a HUGE following, with 375,000 likes (the little heart icon on the right). Stryker The Cat is a serval (Afr. tierboskat), a wild cat native to sub-Saharan Africa. In the video, Stryker appeared in the doorway, and spotted the chicken on the carpet (carpet with leopard spots, and on the balloon! LOL). It hissed loudly, and pounced on the chicken, growling as it sank its fangs into it. I trust Stryker is more than 50% domesticated! Here’s one more. If looks could kill: Puma the mountain lion, facing off with the poor Sphynx cat, that does not even have a coat to protect itself from scratches and bites. Hiss-ss! Fang-gss for you! And then the Puma turned and walked away around the sofa. Sunday/ take me to the Space ‘Neevle’ I spotted the Apple Maps car on Sunday here on Capitol Hill, presumably upgrading its survey of my neighborhood. I see (online) that Apple Maps has improved vastly in recent years, and is ready to challenge Google Maps. Hmm. I have them both on my phone, so maybe if one leads me into a dead end somewhere in a new country or city, I can switch to the other app, and give it another try. Just for fun, I asked for directions to the Space Needle on Apple Maps, and it really, really sounds as if the voice says Starting Route to Space Neevle. Proceed to .. ‘. That’s OK, though. Space Neevle/ Space Needle – close enough. Here is the little Apple Maps car with its high-definition 360° cameras in the white dome, and that must be the LIDAR equipment (Light Detection and Ranging), in the gray cylinders below. The radars scan a terrain up to 80m all around, and collect a detailed cloud of points at some 700 000 points per second. Tuesday/ reviving my iPhone My iPhone (not even a year old, Xs) died all of a sudden today, even though it was about 75% charged. I finally revived it by trying the Device Firmware Update button sequence several times: Press & release Volume Up button; Press & release Volume Down button; Press and hold the Sleep/Wake button .. .. and then the Apple logo came on and it came back to life. Who knows what constellation of firmware, software and hardware settings was to blame for the system ‘s black-out .. but from now on, I’m going to close all open screens and turn the phone completely off & on again, at least once a week. Maybe I take too many pictures with my phone, more than it can handle. This picture is the downtown Barnes & Noble Bookstore dinosaur figurine display. They were all jumbled up, and I straightened out the two Carnotauruses (orange, foreground) and Velociraptors at the back. These both roamed around on Earth some 72 million years ago. July 20, 1969 .. + 50 July 20, 1969: Buzz Aldrin walks on the surface of the Moon. Neil Armstrong was first to step out of Apollo 11’s Eagle landing module, though – leaving the first human footprints on the moon. Thursday/ about that drone that was shot down Wow .. that drone shot down by Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps was not a garden-variety drone. It was a Northrop Grumman RQ-4 Global Hawk. Here are some of its attributes: Wingspan: 130.9 ft / 39.9 m (wider than that of the Boeing 737) Range: 14,000 miles / 22 500 km Speed: 357 mph/ 574 kph Ceiling: 60,000 ft/ 18 288 m Endurance: 34 hrs Cost: $200 million So what will Trump do now? He talks tough, but on Thursday called the incident ‘a big mistake’, meaning the Corps made a miscalculation and was not following orders from President Hassan Rouhani. At this perilous time the United States has no Secretary of Defense (has not had one for more than 6 months, for the first time ever). And now Trump seems to be the one that has to push back against Secretary of State Mike Pompeo and National Security Advisor John Bolton. Both seem to be itching to start a war with Iran. Not a good situation at all. The RQ-4 Block 20 Global Hawk is the most advanced known High Altitude Long Endurance (HALE) unmanned aircraft system in the world. Wednesday/ geotagging photos – it’s fun! Geotagging a (digital) photograph is the recording of its geographical location, by assigning at least a latitude and longitude to the image. Sometimes other fields such as altitude and compass bearing could also be included. The old film pictures I had scanned in for my iPhone and iPad photo albums have no geotag information, and so I geotagged them manually. I have been very fortunate to be able to travel to many places in the world. Check out some of the more unusual geotags that I had added to my pictures, below. Geotagging is done automatically by today’s smartphones, and by GPS-enabled digital cameras. The method I am using for scanned pictures, is to use an obsolete picture editor from Google called Picasa. Inside Picasa, one can call up a desktop version of Google Earth, that allows searches for places all over the globe, and the geotagging of their coordinates onto the picture. This sandstone rock formation near Asab in Namibia was called Mukurob (‘The Finger of God’). That’s my dad’s truck, and the year is 1987 as we stopped there for a picture or two. Barely a year later, in 1988, the rock fell over (reasons unknown). So it is there no more. Another picture from that 1987 trip shows my brother and I and mom and dad on the pier at Swakopmund in Namibia. So great to see the pier on Google Earth and go ding! tagged it! .. that’s where this picture is from! Here’s a picture taken on a ferry in New York harbor, with the Twin Towers at the back. The year is 1995, shortly after my arrival in the United States. The company I had started to work for, had offices in Port Washington on the north shores of Long Island. Here’s a very, very special place in Africa: a tiny island called Coetzer’s Island in Botswana. It is part of a game reserve, and named after my grandfather. The island is at the confluence of the Limpopo river (below) and Shasi river (sandy river bed at the top). That’s also where South Africa, Botswana and Zimbabwe meet. I have been there a dozen times, but not recently. The picture is from 1997. Finally, of course – the one and only Space Needle in Seattle. The souvenir picture shows me and my older brother, visiting in 2004, and had no geotag before I tagged it in Google Earth. Wednesday/ upgrade the bitrate, or not? One can generate beautiful rainbow colors by reflecting sunlight off a CD’s silver surface. This CD in my collection has such awful scratches on, that some songs could not be read properly by my PC’s optical disk drive anymore. Man! WHAT did you do with it, to scratch it like this?, I wondered. I remembered another unresolved issue with my iTunes music collection: the bitrate of the .mp3 version of the songs I had originally transferred into iTunes from CD, was as low as 160 kbps. This was oh, some ten years ago. Nowadays, there is an ‘Apple Lossless’ option which will replicate the original CD in iTunes (bit rates of 900 kbps or more). The enormous storage capacity available on smartphones these days makes it possible to transfer and carry all of one’s CDs as-is in iTunes .. but is it worth it? The files would be up to 6 times larger than the original 160 kbps ones. So my strategy is to upgrade only my very favorite CDs, say up to 30 out of the 300, that I now have in iTunes. Saturday/ tuning up my iTunes The Sony Walkman cassette player was a sensation when it came out in 1979, and I got one just a year or two later. It was a lot of money to spend at the time, but I loved it. I’m still doggedly maintaining my iTunes library of music, even though music purveyors like Apple and Amazon are trying hard to make me let go and subscribe to their online music. For about $10 a month, one can get access to a vast library of old and new music (50 million songs), as well as curated playlists from music buffs. But if one has listened to recorded music for several decades (me), and have bought music CDs in places all over the world, it’s really hard to let go of all that. Why not keep the music on CDs AND upload it into a searchable collection of 2,000 songs to carry on your smartphone? It *I left my vinyl collection behind in South Africa in 1995; gave it all to a friend .. but have replaced some of them with CDs, since. There are heavy metal, rock, pop, Afrikaans, K-pop, classical music and many more albums in my collection. iTunes does not always pick up the artwork automatically when one imports it, but there is a way to upload artwork into iTunes. I found that ‘Jessica Jones’ picture on the far right online, and popped it in. The search for filling out the other gray boxes is ongoing. Sunday/ Denny substation update I went down to check on the construction of Seattle’s sleek new $209 million substation in South Lake Union today. Its construction has been three years in the making – and its planning much longer than that. Seattle City Light purchased the site from the Greyhound bus company in October 2008. The work inside the substation is basically done, and the equipment has been energized. The walkways on its perimeter and the little public park are not yet open, though. There is also ongoing work done for building out an underground distribution network, scheduled to be completed in 2020. Here’s a diagram that shows the incoming transmission lines (green), as well as the power distribution lines (lime green and orange). As substations go, this one is a decent size in terms of capacity, but not as big as a national grid substation. For now its capacity is 50 MVA (Megavolt-Ampere), but this could be increased up to 405 MVA to meet future power demands. The gas-insulated switchgear allowed for a smaller footprint for the substation. Here’s the ground view from John St, looking toward Denny Way. I believe there is still some artwork that will be installed in the little public park: a 110 ft tall transmission tower-morphed-into-a-tree! ‘Seattle City Light Denny Substation’ says the lettering. This is looking west along John St. Space Needle on the right edge of the picture. The two trucks are parked in front of garage doors that allow maintenance vehicles to go into the substation. And this will be the entrance to the information kiosk on Denny Way. HOW TO LEAVE A REPLY OR COMMENT Click on the post’s header. Scroll down to the comment box at the bottom of the post. Friday/ squirrelling, in the sun January 15, 2021 Thursday/ my new animals January 14, 2021 Wednesday/ impeached, again January 13, 2021 Tuesday/ welcome on board January 12, 2021 Monday/ Article I: Incitement of Insurrection January 11, 2021 Sunday/ scenes from Gas Works Park January 10, 2021 Saturday January 9, 2021 Friday/ Pelosi to Trump: you have to resign January 8, 2021 Thursday/ new utility poles January 7, 2021 Wednesday/ the trashing of American democracy January 6, 2021 Older Posts Select Month January 2021 (15) December 2020 (32) November 2020 (32) October 2020 (31) September 2020 (30) August 2020 (31) July 2020 (31) June 2020 (32) May 2020 (31) April 2020 (30) March 2020 (32) February 2020 (29) January 2020 (33) December 2019 (32) November 2019 (30) October 2019 (31) September 2019 (31) August 2019 (31) July 2019 (31) June 2019 (30) May 2019 (31) April 2019 (31) March 2019 (29) February 2019 (30) January 2019 (33) December 2018 (32) November 2018 (30) October 2018 (31) September 2018 (30) August 2018 (31) July 2018 (32) June 2018 (30) May 2018 (29) April 2018 (29) March 2018 (30) February 2018 (28) January 2018 (32) December 2017 (35) November 2017 (30) October 2017 (33) September 2017 (29) August 2017 (34) July 2017 (30) June 2017 (29) May 2017 (30) April 2017 (31) March 2017 (32) February 2017 (28) January 2017 (34) December 2016 (34) November 2016 (31) October 2016 (29) September 2016 (28) August 2016 (32) July 2016 (28) June 2016 (30) May 2016 (27) April 2016 (31) March 2016 (30) February 2016 (29) January 2016 (29) December 2015 (35) November 2015 (29) October 2015 (30) September 2015 (29) August 2015 (32) July 2015 (31) June 2015 (28) May 2015 (29) April 2015 (29) March 2015 (29) February 2015 (28) January 2015 (30) December 2014 (32) November 2014 (30) October 2014 (30) September 2014 (30) August 2014 (32) July 2014 (29) June 2014 (32) May 2014 (31) April 2014 (30) March 2014 (32) February 2014 (27) January 2014 (32) December 2013 (32) November 2013 (30) October 2013 (30) September 2013 (27) August 2013 (29) July 2013 (31) June 2013 (31) May 2013 (30) April 2013 (28) March 2013 (30) February 2013 (25) January 2013 (28) December 2012 (33) November 2012 (28) October 2012 (31) September 2012 (29) August 2012 (31) July 2012 (32) June 2012 (30) May 2012 (25) April 2012 (30) March 2012 (29) February 2012 (30) January 2012 (31) December 2011 (33) November 2011 (32) October 2011 (29) September 2011 (32) August 2011 (30) July 2011 (33) June 2011 (30) May 2011 (31) April 2011 (30) March 2011 (31) February 2011 (29) January 2011 (31) December 2010 (31) November 2010 (30) October 2010 (31) September 2010 (32) August 2010 (32) July 2010 (33) June 2010 (30) May 2010 (35) April 2010 (30) March 2010 (32) February 2010 (28) January 2010 (34) December 2009 (1) Neal Apel on Saturday night/ rough translation Jim Johnson on Wednesday/ the dagwood Willem on Sunday/ the St. Ingbert apartments Dale Comstock on Sunday/ the St. Ingbert apartments Willem on Wednesday/ the days are still shrinking Categories Select Category Architecture (162) Art (78) Clothes (3) Entertainment (46) Finances (29) Food (264) General (1,135) Health (60) History (69) Language (34) Law (2) Nature (139) Personal News (14) Politics (234) Science (112) Seattle (739) South Africa (67) Sport (64) Technology (62) Travel (913) Uncategorized (145) Weather (106) Work (123)	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line239
__label__cc	0.657712	0.342288	ANCIENT LIFE: New Evidence Suggests ‘Foreign DNA’ Could Have Seeded Life on Earth February 13, 2015 By NEWS WIRE 23 Comments 21st Century Wire says… These theories have seen a huge boost in popularity in recent years dues to the hit History Channel show Ancient Aliens. Now, scientists have found further evidence in support of such theories. A group of researchers out of the University of Buckingham, UK, led by astrobiologist Milton Wainwright, discovered a metal sphere, composed of titanium and vanadium, about the same thickness as a human hair. What could this tiny object tell us about our origins? A “gooey biological material oozing from its centre” is described by Wainwright, whose hypothesis is that “it was sent to Earth by some unknown civilization in order to continue seeding the planet with life”. The originator of this theory, known as Directed Panspermia, is Nobel Prize Winner Francis Crick. We want to you hear your comments on this one – If true, what does this mean for Humanity? Follow us here: http://twitter.com/21WIRE UK Scientists: Aliens May Have Sent Space Seeds To Create Life On Earth Lee Speigel Scientists in the U.K. have examined a tiny metal circular object, and are suggesting it might be a micro-organism deliberately sent by extraterrestrials to create life on Earth. Don’t be fooled by the size of the object in the microscopic image above. It may appear to look like a planet-sized globe, but in fact, it’s no bigger than the width of a human hair. The University of Buckingham reports that the minuscule metal globe was discovered by astrobiologist Milton Wainwright and a team of researchers who examined dust and minute matter gathered by a high-flying balloon in Earth’s stratosphere. “It is a ball about the width of a human hair, which has filamentous life on the outside and a gooey biological material oozing from its centre,” Wainwright said, according to Express.co.uk. “One theory is it was sent to Earth by some unknown civilization in order to continue seeding the planet with life,” Wainwright hypothesizes. That theory comes from a Nobel Prize winner… Continue reading the full story on The Huffington Post READ MORE ANCIENT HISTORY AT: 21st Century Wire Ancient History Files Filed Under: Featured, Sci-Tech, Uncategorized Tagged With: aliens, Ancient Aliens, ancient history, Directed Panspermia, Francis Crick, Milton Wainwright, Panspermia, science, space, ufo	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line242
__label__wiki	0.529036	0.529036	Watch The Outpost (2020) Online A small unit of U.S. soldiers, alone at the remote Combat Outpost Keating, located deep in the valley of three mountains in Afghanistan, battles to defend against an overwhelming force of Taliban fighters in a coordinated attack. The Battle of Kamdesh, as it was known, was the bloodiest American engagement of the Afghan War in 2009 and Bravo Troop 3-61 CAV became one of the most decorated units of the 19-year conflict. Genre: Drama, History, Trending, War Director: Rod Lurie Actors: Caleb Landry Jones, Cory Hardrict, Ernest Cavazos, Milo Gibson, Orlando Bloom, Scott Eastwood, Taylor John Smith Underground (1995) Black marketeers Marko and Blacky manufacture and sell weapons to the Communist resistance in WWII Belgrade, living the good life along the way. Marko’s surreal duplicity propels him up the… Country: Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, France, Germany, Hungary, UK, USA Genre: Comedy, Drama, War The Corrupted (1999) Set ahead of the 2012 London Olympics, the film follows Liam (Sam Claflin), an ex-con trying to win back the love and trust of his family. He has lost everything… Police Story (2013) A man looking for the release of a long-time prisoner takes a police officer, his daughter, and a group of strangers hostage. Genre: Action, Adventure, Crime, Drama, Family, Thriller Amistad (1997) In 1839, the slave ship Amistad set sail from Cuba to America. During the long trip, Cinque leads the slaves in an unprecedented uprising. They are then held prisoner in… Genre: Biography, Drama, History My Hindu Friend (2015) Diego is a film director very close to death, surrounded by people who are having trouble dealing with his current tempestuous mood. Chances are he won’t survive, but if he… House of Flying Daggers (2004) In AD 859, as the Tang Dynasty declines, several rebel groups are established, the largest of which is the House of Flying Daggers, based in Fengtian, who battle the corrupt… Genre: Action, Adventure, Drama, Romance Rhymes for Young Ghouls In 1976, a Mi’gMaq teenager plots revenge against the sadistic Indian agent who imprisoned her in a residential school where rape and abuse are common. The Tale of the Princess Kaguya (2013) Found inside a shining stalk of bamboo by an old bamboo cutter and his wife, a tiny girl grows rapidly into an exquisite young lady. The mysterious young princess enthralls… Genre: Adventure, Animation, Drama, Family, Fantasy Pawn Sacrifice (2014) American chess champion Bobby Fischer prepares for a legendary match-up against Russian Boris Spassky. Genre: Biography, Drama, Sport, Thriller Buck is a big-hearted dog whose blissful domestic life is turned upside down when he is suddenly uprooted from his California home and transplanted to the exotic wilds of the… Genre: Adventure, Drama, Family In Bruges (2008) Ray and Ken, two hit men, are in Bruges, Belgium, waiting for their next mission. While they are there they have time to think and discuss their previous assignment. When… Genre: Comedy, Crime, Drama, Thriller The true story of Henry Hill, a half-Irish, half-Sicilian Brooklyn kid who is adopted by neighbourhood gangsters at an early age and climbs the ranks of a Mafia family under… Genre: Biography, Crime, Drama Trailer: The Outpost (2020)	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line246
__label__cc	0.557541	0.442459	Exactly What Will Be Allowed to Reopen May 15th in the Southern Tier josephmok/ThinkStock The Southern Tier of New York is one of the first areas being allowed to reopen in New York State on May 15th. Even though the state will be reopening our area, they still suggest that all non-essential workers that can work from home continue to work from home, and remind everyone you are still required to wear face masks and maintain a 6-foot distance from others in public. Not everything will be allowed to open however. According to New York State's website, Phase 1 openings will include Construction, Manufacturing, Retail for curbside pickup, Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting, and Wholesale trade. So what does that mean? When it comes to Construction, phase one includes building equipment contractors, foundation, structure, and building exterior contractors, building finishing contractors, highway street and bridge construction, non-residential building construction, land subdivision, residential building construction, and utility system construction. When it comes to agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting, the website states that it includes greenhouse, nursery, and floriculture production, Crop Production, animal production, and support activities for Forestry can resume. Retail will be allowed to open but only for delivery and curbside pickup service. Those businesses include clothing stores, furniture and home furnishing stores, electronic and appliance stores, florist, shoe stores, sporting goods, hobby, musical instruments and bookstores too. Jewelry stores, health and personal care stores, and others will be allowed to open again with delivery and curbside pickup only. Most manufacturing plants will also be allowed to open according to the website. That's good news for people who make their living in manufacturing and have been laid off for the last two months. Wholesalers will also be allowed to reopen as part of phase one. The New York State website lists a bunch of business safety precautions. You can read them and get the full list of businesses being allowed to open at the end of this week, here. [via: New York State] TAKE A LOOK: Even Broome County Statues Are Wearing Face Masks Source: Exactly What Will Be Allowed to Reopen May 15th in the Southern Tier Filed Under: Binghamton Businesses, Coronavirus, COVID-19, Open Up New York, Southern Tier Reopening	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line247
__label__wiki	0.843323	0.843323	Man beaten, robbed of his six-figure life savings outside Southern California Chase Bank Authorities are searching for the suspect who attacked and robbed a man of his life savings after he had just withdrawn the money from the bank. HUNTINGTON PARK, California -- Authorities are searching for the suspect who attacked and robbed a man of $200,000 at a bank parking lot in the Los Angeles area last week. Francisco Cornejo was beaten and is still bruised after getting his life savings ripped away. After withdrawing money from a Chase Bank, he was attacked. Through his attorney, he said the suspect got away with hundreds of thousands of dollars. "He was parked as closely as possible to the bank, knowing he was going to withdraw a large amount of cash. As soon as he got to his car, before he was able to get to his car, he was grabbed and beaten," attorney Nathan Soleimani said. VIDEO: Nearly 40 years of life savings stolen in brazen San Francisco burglary A senior couple in SF, who immigrated to America nearly 40 years ago, is heartbroken after their life savings was taken from them. A senior law enforcement official confirmed Asian American families are often targets because they keep cash in their homes. Cornejo said after the sale of his home, he withdrew everything out of his bank - all $200,000. "He was literally fighting for his life savings," Soleimani said. "And when he was being beaten, he was doing his best to try and retain the bag that he brought with him." Soleimani said investigators are looking into surveillance video from the bank. Video shows the suspect running away from the scene and Cornejo on the ground. A representative from the Chase Bank branch also says they're working with law enforcement. The FBI is now involved in the search for the suspect. "Thank God he's alive. His family is grateful he got out of it with just the injuries that he has," Soleimani said. "At the end of the day, they're thankful for him being here." californiasearchbankattackmoneyrobberyu.s. & worldcaught on camera	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line248
__label__cc	0.527578	0.472422	A children's hospital is bringing storybooks to life with animation to spread joy to sick kids By Heather O'Rourke MORRISTOWN, New Jersey -- One hospital in New Jersey is bringing storybooks to life with animation to spread joy to sick kids. Heather O'Rourke took a visit to Goryeb Children's Hospital, in Morristown, New Jersey and volunteered to read a book to children through a program called Calling All Kids. Calling All Kids was originally created in 2011, when the Women's Association of Morristown Medical Center (WAMMC) came up with the idea of launching an in-house television station. "People come and they read a book and they animate the book behind the reader so that the kids that are spending time in the hospital get to hear a story," said O'Rourke. "To keep their mind off of why they are in the hospital. Available 24 hours and commercial-free, Calling All Kids provides family-friendly programming to distract the young patients at Goryeb Children's Hospital. Hospital volunteers would read for Story Hour as a soothing diversion for pediatric patients, but it has become so much more under the direction of Suzanne Ruffo, Executive Producer of Calling All Kids. "Our story continues to grow. In addition to animating illustrated children's books and expanding family-friendly special interest programming starring our pediatric patients and members of the hospital and the local community, we are incredibly excited to offer our viewers the opportunity to explore our new, interactive television studio in Goryeb Children's Hospital," said Ruffo. In partnership with WAMMC, the hospital was approved for a studio space. This studio gives patients, doctors, and volunteers the space and opportunity to read these books and create animations that live on the 24-hour channel for patients that cannot come down for Story Hour. The studio allows the hospital to record stories two days a week. Carla Cucinotta, the Graphic Animation Coordinator, gave us a tour of the new studio and showed us her workflow. "It's a distraction for the child so they are not focusing on other problems - they focus on their lines, the book, and if they are going to have a good time with the story," said Cuccinotta. A girl named Emily, a previous patient was the first patient to read with Calling All Kids and she was there to give Heather some tips during her time in the studio. Other patients and past patients are involved with the program as well, like Collin Berg, who is now a Calling All Kids Producer. Collin reports on the television program and hopes to one day be a reporter for a news station. "It's where I feel happy. I knew I've wanted to do this for a long time so every time I'm able to get my hands on a different project, it just makes me feel that I'm improving and learning new things," said Berg. Heather was able to read a children's book called 'Neither' by Airlie Anderson. "You know storytime brings people together and watching some of these kids come down the stairs, from their rooms, with their medical equipment, with their staff or team of nurses that are taking care of them," said O'Rourke. "Just to see them together to listen to a story and give them a brief moment to get away from their rooms, it was just something great to see and hopefully we will see more of that." "Seeing the patient's faces and how they interacted with it - because then you know you're truly doing it with a passion for a reason," said Katie Nolle, President of WAMMC. WAMMC, founded in 1893, provides financial support to Morristown Medical Center and has a volunteer base of more than 400 members. Annually WAMMC hosts several fundraising events, anchored by the flagship event, Mansion in May Designer Showhouse and Gardens. WAMMC also operates the hospital's gift shops and The Bargain Box Thrift Boutique, as well as WAMMC Network TV, which created Calling All Kids and is the first in-house family television station for young patients and their families to enjoy during their stay at the hospital. Calling All Kids is a healing service that aims to educate, comfort and inspire. "We are dedicated every day to providing our precious patients and their families with smiles and laughter," said Ruffo. To volunteer or get involved visit Calling All Kids website. morristownnew jerseychildrenin our backyardhospitalsick leavereadingall goodchild carecancerlocalishoriginals	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line249
__label__wiki	0.949249	0.949249	Record Number of Female Breadwinners, According to Pew Breadwinner moms are main providers for four out of 10 households. By SUSANNA KIM Breadwinner Boom: More Moms Bring Home the Bacon Mothers are the sole or main provider in 40 percent of households with children. May 29, 2013 — -- A record four out of 10 households have mothers as the sole or primary source of income in the family, according to a new report released Wednesday. Pew Research Center analyzed data from the U.S. Census Bureau and found that 40 percent of all households with children under age 18 include mothers who are the sole or primary breadwinner, up from 11 percent in 1960. The report, called Breadwinner Moms, also surveyed 1,003 adults by telephone about their views of female breadwinners. Among the survey respondents, 51 percent say children are better off if a mother is home and doesn't hold a job while only 8 percent say the same about a father. "There's still a big gap in that the public feels a mother should be the primary caregiver for children, but at the same time, we see women taking responsibility of being the primary financial provider for the family as well," said Wendy Wang, research associate at Pew Research Center and lead author of the report. Yolanda Machado, 34, a mother of a 5-year-old daughter who earns more than her husband of seven years, said she was surprised by the survey results. She said she is accustomed to the idea of women earning money and making household decisions. "I was raised in an environment in which you do what needs to be done so everybody's needs are met," Machado said. RELATED: Help Your Kids Get an 'A' in Money Matters Machado, founder of SassyMamainLA.com and a contributor to parenting website Babble, said she was raised by a single mother in "a traditional Latin home." Babble is owned by The Walt Disney Co., which also owns ABC News. After they married, Machado and her husband were earning similar incomes. She started working as a legal assistant when they moved to Los Angeles from Philadelphia. He was working in construction at the time. Now he is working towards becoming a chef. "He ended up pursuing something he loved, but the pay was much lower than what I was making," Machado said. The most difficult time for him was when he was looking for a job and was a stay-at-home dad. "That was when he had the issue that I was making more than him, but he realized he was doing a very important job in taking care of our child," Machado said. "I think it depends on the family and what works out better for you." RELATED: Retiring Couples Need $220,000 for Health Care The growth of female breadwinners is tied to the increasing presence of women in the workplace, Pew said. Women make up 47 percent of the U.S. labor force while the employment rate of married mothers with kids increased to 65 percent in 2011 from 37 percent in 1968, according to another study from Pew. Other characteristics make female breadwinners stand out from other mothers. "Compared with all mothers with children under age 18, married mothers who out-earn their husbands are slightly older, disproportionally white and college educated," the report states. "Single mothers, by contrast, are younger, more likely to be black or Hispanic, and less likely to have a college degree." Educational opportunities may be influencing gender income levels. The share of couples in which the mother has a higher educational level than her spouse increased to 23 percent in 2011 from 7 percent in 1960. But a majority of spouses have similar educational backgrounds, Pew said. On average, Pew said total family income is higher when the mother, not the father, is the primary breadwinner. In 2011, the median family income was almost $80,000 for couples in which a wife is the primary breadwinner. That's about $2,000 more than it was for couples in which a husband is the primary breadwinner, and $10,000 more than for couples in which spouses' income is the same, the report states. "This happens because in these types of families they are more likely to have two working parents than the other type of families," said Wang. The financial picture is very different for the 8.6 million single mothers in the country, as opposed to the 5.1 million married mothers who have a higher income than their husbands. The median income for families with single mothers is $23,000. The national median income is $57,100 for all families with children. The percentage of single mothers who have never married has also increased significantly since 1960. Back then, the vast majority of single mothers then were women who were previously married. The percentage of single mothers then who never married was only 4 percent. Now, that figure has increased to 44 percent. READ MORE: College Class of '13 Racks Up Debt of $35,200	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line250
__label__wiki	0.728685	0.728685	Short Term Programmes Masters Admissions View All Graduate Programmes Short Term Programmes Heritage Management The centre is one of the founding members of Asia Pacific Higher Education Network for Intangible Cultural Heritage (APHEN-ICH), and is an executive member of the Asian Academy for Heritage Management (AAHM). The Centre is now also collaborating on a UNESCO offered Sustainable Heritage Management Foundation course for professionals in the Asia Pacific region. Heritage Management is a vast interdisciplinary area of inquiry and a creative field of practice that is evolving rapidly in India and abroad. With the Indian cities competing to be recognised for their distinct cultural identities and heritage, with the government launching major schemes anchored around the concepts of heritage (such as HRIDAY, Smart Cities and so on), the young generation along with increasing number of government and semi-government institutions, social organisations, business and entrepreneurial ventures are showing keen interest in this diverse and vast arena. Expanding the tenets of architectural and archaeological conservation, history and culture related sectors, museums and archival practices, environmental conservation etc., a holistic discourse and practice of Heritage Management is emerging across the World. In India, the Centre for Heritage Management of Ahmedabad University is at the forefront of this academic inquiry as evident from its activities and a unique Masters programme, which has already triggered an interest across similar other institutions to come up with similar programmes. United Nations (UN), in its focus on the global agenda of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), has recognised the ‘Education for Sustainable Development’ as a major strategy to achieve its 2030 agenda for SDGs. It is in this regard that the United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) has launched a series of educational initiatives, out of which UNESCO’s Asia Pacific regional office has picked ‘Heritage Management Education’ as one of the pilot focus areas. In such regional initiatives, the Centre for Heritage Management, Ahmedabad University has been a regular participant and has contributed in initiatives focused on the Asia Pacific region. Heritage Management is a vast interdisciplinary area of inquiry and a creative field of practice that is evolving rapidly in India and abroad. With the Indian cities competing to be recognised for their distinct cultural identities and heritage, with the government launching major schemes anchored around the concepts of heritage (such as HRIDAY, Smart Cities and so on), the young generation along with increasing number of government and semi-government institutions, social organisations, business and entrepreneurial ventures are showing keen interest in this diverse and vast arena. Expanding the tenets of architectural and archaeological conservation, history and culture related sectors, museums and archival practices, environmental conservation etc., a holistic discourse and practice of Heritage Management is emerging across the World. In India, the Centre for Heritage Management of Ahmedabad University is at the forefront of this academic inquiry as evident from its activities and a unique Masters programme, which has already triggered an interest across similar other institutions to come up with similar programmes. United Nations (UN), in its focus on the global agenda of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), has recognised the ‘Education for Sustainable Development’ as a major strategy to achieve its 2030 agenda for SDGs. It is in this regard that the United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) has launched a series of educational initiatives, out of which UNESCO’s Asia Pacific regional office has picked ‘Heritage Management Education’ as one of the pilot focus areas. In such regional initiatives, the Centre for Heritage Management, Ahmedabad University has been a regular participant and has contributed in initiatives focused on the Asia Pacific region. Master of Management Studies in Heritage Management Admissions 2021 Are Now Open Ahmedabad University collaborating with UNESCO on a Sustainable Heritage Management Foundation Course Professor Neel Kamal Chapagain Elected as an Executive Member for the Association of Critical Heritage Studies Dr Ioannis Poulios joins as a visiting faculty Sara Ahmed at an international conference Heritage Walk Design and Content Development for three cities of Gujarat 4th International Conference on Heritage Management Education and Practice: Emerging Technologies for Addressing Critical Issues in Heritage Management Read more> 3rd International Conference on Heritage Management Education and Practice: Ensuring Fair Access and Inclusion in Heritage Management Processes Read more> 2nd International Conference on Heritage Management Education & Practice: Developing Integrated Approaches Read more> STUDENTS’ PRACTICUM SYMPOSIUM Read more> INAUGURAL SEMINAR : NEW BATCH Read more> Asmita Bhavan, Central Campus info.chm@ahduni.edu.in	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line251
__label__wiki	0.780603	0.780603	“Ag-Gag” Legislation and Public Choice Theory: Maintaining a Diffuse Public by Limiting Information By Jessica Pitts* *The University of Texas School of Law, J.D. expected 2013; B.A., University of Colorado, 2010. I would like to thank my brother for inspiring me to be a voice for animals, and my husband for his unwavering support. Rolling hills, meandering blue streams, fresh air and sunlight.[1] A quick death that minimizes pain.[2] Wholesome and nutritious food for our families.[3] Although these are the pictures many Americans imagine about meat and where it comes from, it could not be further from the truth. This misinformed belief is perpetuated by the companies that sell meat products, by state legislatures aiming to criminalize the distribution of information about conditions on factory farms,[4] and by the federal government, which labels the collection and dissemination of this information as “terrorism.”[5] Part II of this note examines existing and proposed “Ag-Gag” legislation: laws prohibiting the acquisition and, more often, the distribution of information about factory farms. Part III discusses this legislation through the lens of Public Choice Theory, concluding that such legislation is an industry-supported effort to maintain the status quo and that limiting information serves only to intensify the public choice problem by inhibiting people’s ability to make informed choices as both consumers and voters. [1].For example, see California’s “Happy Cows” campaign, depicting pastoral landscapes and small family-farming operations. Happy Cows TV, Real California Milk,, http://www.realcaliforniamilk.com/advertising/happy-cows-spots/ (last visited Sept. 22, 2012). In People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, Inc. v. Cal. Milk Producers Advisory Bd., PETA sued the Board claiming its “Happy Cows” advertising campaign was false and deceptive. 22 Cal. Rptr. 3d 900, 901 (Cal. Ct. App. 2005). The court dismissed the case because the Board is a government entity not subject to California’s Unfair Business Practices Act, but the court left open whether a different result might have been reached had the campaign come from a private company instead of a governmental entity. Id. at 905–08. [2].Despite people’s expectation that animal husbandry practices in raising and slaughtering livestock are humane, standard practices are often not humane. See, e.g., N.J. Soc’y for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals v. N.J. Dep’t of Agric., 955 A.2d 886 (N.J. 2008) (holding that the Department of Agriculture failed in its obligation to enact regulations to ensure the “humane” treatment of animals when it allowed for a “routine husbandry practices” exception, when routine animal husbandry practices such as tail docking are inhumane). See Jones v. Butz, 374 F. Supp. 1284, 1285–86, 1289–92 (S.D.N.Y. 1974), for a description of slaughtering techniques comparing Kosher and traditional slaughter methods. [3].The nutritional benefit of meat is controversial. See, e.g., Physicians Comm. for Responsible Med. v. Tyson Foods, Inc., 13 Cal. Rptr. 3d 926, 928 (Cal. Ct. App. 2004) (arguing that Tyson’s advertising campaigns representing that its chicken is “heart healthy” and “all-natural” were false and deceptive because “‘the majority of Tyson chicken products contain substantial levels of fat and cholesterol, the consumption of which will not only fail to reduce the risk of heart disease, but is actually likely to increase such risk.’”). Indeed, consumption of meat can cause serious illness and even death. See, e.g., Multistate Outbreak of E. coli O157:H7,Centers For Disease Control and Prevention (Jan. 6 2012), http://www.cdc.gov/ecoli/2010/0105.html (describing a multistate outbreak of E. coli resulting in nine hospitalizations); Multistate Outbreak of Human Salmonella Typhimurium Infections Linked to Ground Beef, Centers For Disease Control and Prevention (Feb. 1, 2012), http://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/typhimurium-groundbeef/020112/index.html (describing a seven-state salmonella outbreak); see also Rep. Eshoo’s introduction of the Meat and Poultry Pathogen Reduction and Enforcement Act (“Kevin’s Law”), 2005 Cong U.S. HR 3160, describing how “Kevin’s Law is named in memory of 2 1/2 -year-old Kevin Kowalcyk, who died so tragically in 2001 after eating a hamburger contaminated with E. coli O157:H7. Kevin’s untimely death was agonizing and brutal. No child, no person should experience the pain that Kevin did, and no family should have to bear witness to a loved one suffering in the way that Kevin did.” Eshoo Introduces ‘Kevin’s Law’, Congresswoman Anna G. Eshoo (June 30, 2005), http://eshoo.house.gov/index.php?option=comcontent&task=view& id=104. [4].See, e.g., Kan. Stat. Ann. § 47-1827 (West 2011); N.D. Cent. Code ann. § 12.1-21.1-02 (West 2011); Mont. Code Ann. § 81-30-103 (West 2011); Iowa Code Ann. § 717A.3A (West 2012); Utah Code Ann. § 76-6-112 (West 2012). [5].Animal Enterprise Terrorism Act, 18 U.S.C. § 43 (2006). Ag-Gag Legislation and Public Choice Theory_Maintaining a Diffuse Public by Limiting InformationDownload	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line252
__label__wiki	0.835777	0.835777	AbScent Press 12/8/19 Sense of Smell Project Largest ever ‘crowd-sourced’ research project launched to support people with smell loss AbScent, a UK charity that supports people with smell loss, is launching the biggest ever research project of its kind into the condition. Smell loss is an invisible disability that can have a profound effect on people’s lives. Without smell, appreciation of food is diminished and quality of life can suffer. Research to support those affected remains limited but is growing. Sufferers can feel anxious about the dangers of being unable to smell gas or smoke, isolated due to a loss of intimacy with close family members, and feel diminished social ties. Smell loss also affects a person’s ability to experience flavour, which can alter their relationship with food and lead to weight cycling. Anosmia is an important biomarker for a number of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s. It’s estimated that up to 5% of the UK population (over 3 million people) could be suffering from; anosmia - a complete lack of smell parosmia - a distortion of smells phantosmia - phantom smells hyposmia - reduced smell The Sense of Smell Project is a unique collaboration between patients with smell disorders and scientists. It requires completion of a detailed questionnaire via the AbScent website (www.abscent.org). The data will be analysed by two world leaders in the area of smell disorders. By collecting the data, it is hoped that the Sense of Smell Project will be able to spot clusters in experience that will help identify new areas for future study. Chrissi Kelly, Founder of AbScent, lost her sense of smell in 2012 after a sinus infection. She says; “Smell loss changed my life, my personality and my view of the world. It is a unique bereavement, impossible to put into words. I felt untethered from my daily experience. “By the time the patient gets to the doctor, the problem has often spread beyond the nose, altering the quality of the person’s life and relationships. We don’t just need doctors; we need strategies for self-help and self-care. By launching the Sense of Smell Project I hope we can unearth much more information about smell loss, and people’s experiences, so that more can be done to support patients.” Smell loss can affect people of all ages and for many different reasons, such as after an upper respiratory illness, a head injury, or sinus disease. Rebecca Taylor, 31, from London, lost her sense of smell just six months ago, after she was hit by a speeding cyclist and suffered a head injury. Rebecca says; “There were some quite dark days after that just dealing with the huge sense of loss, which has been quite akin to a grieving process for me. I can tell a lot of people don’t understand the impact and I get a lot of these flippant, offhand comments like; ‘Well at least you won’t be able to smell the bad smells now’, and that’s even from people in the medical profession, including ENT doctors, which is never helpful.” Denise Stanton, 39, from Archway, London lost her sense of smell after a severe sinus infection and it has had a huge impact on her life. She says: “I have a little girl and one day we were at home and one of the gas hob rings had blown out and the whole place was filled with gas and I didn’t know. My husband came home and said ‘Denise, it absolutely stinks in here, get out.’ He went around opening all the windows and I said ‘oh my god I can’t smell it’, and that really upset me.” Smell training has been shown to amplify recovery where there is damage to the olfactory nerve, by stimulating this nerve and encouraging it to regenerate. The original protocol uses the essential oils of rose, lemon, clove and eucalyptus which are smelled twice a day for a minimum of four months. The Sense of Smell Project is being launched alongside a Smell Training app, which is the first of its kind, and will help users to learn the technique, serve as a daily aid to training, and monitor their progress. For interviews and enquiries please contact: Caroline Sharp Sharp Content Communications caroline@sharp-content.co.uk / 07979 756440 For Logos, Photos and Press Kit: https://abscent.org/download_file/255/0 ● AbScent is a UK registered charity (No. 1183468) started in 2018 to help people who are experiencing the distressing effects of smell loss. ● The Sense of Smell Project will be overseen by an international expert on smell disorders, Prof. Thomas Hummel of the University of Dresden in Germany and data analyst in olfactory studies Robert Pellegrino, of the University of Tennessee. ● For more information on the latest available research into smell loss visit: https://abscent.org/learn-us/latest-research ● AbScent’s vision is a world where smell loss is recognised by the general population as a challenging condition, where patients are fully supported by the medical community and their care circles, and where healing strategies are explored, funded and made available to the world-wide population. ● The effects of smell loss can be complex and therefore support is necessary from several areas to suit the biopsychosocial needs of the community. ● Smell training is a supportive technique for people who have suffered smell loss and has been demonstrated in over a dozen scientific studies to be of benefit for people who have lost their sense of smell after a virus or injury. ● Smell training is not a cure, but a way of amplifying natural recovery. Every time it is done it stimulates the olfactory nerves and this encourages the nerve to regenerate. It can be likened to physiotherapy for the nose. ● AbScent consists of Founder Chrissi Kelly, Trustees Miriam Block and ENT Simon Gane of the Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital in London, and an advisory board detailed on the website. www.abscent.org	cc/2021-04/en_head_0041.json.gz/line254

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