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__label__wiki	0.735072	0.735072	G-Val drops a tight banger in “It’s Too Late” G-Val’s new cut “It’s Too Late” is lean and clean. There isn’t some message buried between the rapid flows and tight punchlines. It’s just a banger. There’s nothing wrong with that because the world always needs more of those. The Bay Area flavor radiates in this one and you’ll become a fan of it and G-Val’s no-nonsense style of rap. Listen to “It’s Too Late” below. OMB Peezy ponders his true friends on “Got You” @IIIDAZE ‘s new cut “Electric Body” is boldly original Over the past few years, Southern California rapper BBKnight has been actively building an engaging fanbase and a strong catalog. Bursting on the scene in 2017 with his Lonewolf directed video, “Zines,” he’s since followed that up with another video with Lonewolf, an array of well-received singles and his acclaimed 2020 full length, Industry’s Unaccepted, which featured BigBabyGucci and ILYHOOK. Looking to solidify the buzz that’s been surrounding his name, he returns to the forefront with his long-awaited new album, Beautiful Boy. Check out Beautiful Boy below. San Francisco rapper GVAL unveils the release of his new project, Still Here—listen HERE. The eight-track offering boasts features from Made Jones, Shy 291, and fast-rising Bay Area star Lil Bean. Speaking on the new project, GVAL shares, “Still Here was about surviving 2020. Since the year started I have lost a lot. real close friends as well as family! It took a lot out of me and this EP was me letting out those emotions. Very therapeutic you would say.” Following the release of Still Here, GVAL will continue to unload several music videos and new music for fans alike to enjoy. San Fransico’s G Val is ready to blow. Tune in for more! @SantaSallet Drops “Just Another Tuesday” Santa Sallet releases his new single “Just Another Tuesday” produced by Nemizzo. The track will appear on his upcoming album titled Plutography. “I was driving home from work chatting to Nemizzo when he played this beat. I spit a freestyle and knew I had to get home and finish this track before my genius escaped me. For you, this may be a hit, but for MSP, it was Just Another Tuesday.” Santa Sallet, real name Yannick Sallet, is a rapper and producer based in Washington, DC. Nostalgic for hip-hop’s golden era, and inspired by a worldly upbringing, Sallet’s sound is confident, versatile, and playful. Unified by a consistent flow and anecdotal lyrics, his self-produced mixtape “Plutography” is experimental and eclectic, blending salsa beats, southern trap and eastern jazz with classic and conventional rap samples.	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line2
__label__wiki	0.584661	0.584661	Bolivia On The Brink By Darrall Cozens in La Paz, Bolivia Today "my people", the pensioners, were on the streets. They blocked one of the major crossroads, Avenida Mariscal Santa Cruz and Calle Ayacucho, near the centre of La Paz. Slogans such as "Por culpa del ministro estamos en la calle" (It is the minister's fault that we are on the streets), rang out as traffic snarled its way down side streets. Why should about 200 men aged 50 and over block one of the main arteries of the city? Victor Castro, President of the National Committee of Pensioners, an organisation that is active in all geographical departments of Bolivia, explained. Here in Bolivia men can retire at 55 and women at 50. (Sounds good when compared to the UK but the average life span here is 47.) However, the Social Security Code states that if you want to, men can retire at 50 and women at 45. If this option is chosen then for each year before the official retirement age that you retire, you lose 8% of your pension. So if a man chooses to leave work at 50, he will lose 40% of his pension. The code also states that once you reach the official retirement age, the 8% lost will be restored. The government says that that interpretation of the code is correct, but has refused to pay back the 8% for each year. In response the pensioners took to the streets in September and October of this year. They then went on a 9-day hunger strike. The Minister of Finance and the MAS deputies in the Constituent Assembly promised talks if the pensioners called off the hunger strike. The pensioners agreed and talks started but very little progress was made. Eventually the pensioners asked the civil servants they were negotiating with to sign an agreement. The bureaucrats stated that they did not have the power to do so. Eventually the pensioners agreed to meet the Minister of Finance but he kept on postponing the meeting. The pensioners now began to feel as if they were being made a joke of. So now they are back on the streets and will stay there until Friday. If no progress is made, they will begin the hunger strike again next Monday. Some 21,000 pensioners across Bolivia are affected. While this protest was going on, just 100 metres down the avenue on Santa Cruz, a group of miners had blocked the entrance to a large building. They had banners and placards saying that they were from the Himalaya pit and had had their work stopped since October. They were there to stay until the minister responsible ensured that they got their jobs back. If that did not happen, they were threatening to take even more drastic action without specifying what it would be. A few days ago, on Monday, the women stall holders outside San Francisco cathedral had blocked all entrances to the cathedral and were facing up to the riot police in a bid to get their contracts renewed so that they could carry on selling. The same day saw a march up Santa Cruz by about 200 youngsters aged between 9 and 15 carrying banners they were demanding the right to work. The constitution here has clauses that outlaw child labour and guarantee access to education for children. The reality however is that if children do not work, then their families will starve. So children of all ages are on the streets shining shoes, selling everything that you can think of and begging - and being abused in the process. Whilst all of this is going on the country is falling apart. Last night I was discussing with a MAS deputy from Sucre who has to return to her home this weekend from Las Paz on a 12-hour bus journey, but who has been told that the situation there is very tense and dangerous for anyone connected with MAS. I was told that there is a crisis on three levels: economic, political and social. What is even worse was that in the opinion of this deputy, the Morales government did not have an answer. The Constituent Assembly (CA) here has just finished ratifying a new constitution that will be put to the electorate in a referendum at some time around April next year. The vote will be in two parts: one vote will be on the statutes in the constitution and the other will be on the government proposal to limit landholdings that are unproductive to 10,000 hectares. You can imagine the furore that this has created amongst the bourgeoisie. They are trying to prevent a referendum taking place on the basis that the way the CA approved the draft constitution was illegal. If the referendum does take place, and the constitution is approved, the bourgeoisie in the Eastern Crescent regions of Santa Cruz, Pando, Beni and Tarija is threatening to break away and form a new state. They have already held open air parliament meetings (cabildos abiertos) of up to a million people that in the manner of a plebiscite vote have agreed to secede if Morales does not back down. If the referendum is lost, this will encourage the bourgeoisie in different parts of the country to break away, to balkanise Bolivia, so that they can directly control the areas that are rich in natural resources, such as gas and oil. The oligarchy, with the help of imperialism, have skilfully used issues like the capital city status for Sucre and the question of autonomy to build a basis of support in the Eastern regions of the country. They have backed this up with the organisation of armed fascist gangs (Unión Juvenil Cruceña) to intimidate workers and peasants who support the MAS government. Every concession of the government is interpreted as a sign of weakness by the oligarchy and used by them to increase their demands. In these conditions the strategy of the Morales government seems to be based on making more concessions (for instance including the issue of autonomy in the proposed constitution) and appeals for negotiation, combined with putting the different issues to a vote in a referendum "in order to gain democratic legitimacy". The crux however is that at this juncture the opposition could win. There have been no plans drawn up to ensure a MAS victory. Most of the MAS deputies are relying on the personal authority of Morales. Just as in Venezuela, the idea of actually going out to the natural constituents of Morales (the indigenous people, the workers and the peasants) and explaining in a language that they can understand what the practical implications of the new constitution are, has not been thought of. Furthermore, the oligarchy will not be impressed by any democratic vote in a referendum. In Venezuela the Bolivarian movement has achieved plenty of democratic victories in elections and referenda and this has not stopped the ruling class and imperialism from using extra parliamentary undemocratic means (rioting, sabotage of the economy, a military coup) to try to overthrow the democratically elected government of president Chávez. In Bolivia they have already said that they would not participate nor recognise the validity of any of these referenda. Let me give a practical example. It gets cold here at night at 3,600 metres and I have summer clothes. Yesterday, I went out to buy a coat in one of the many stalls that are run by indigenous people, mainly Aymara. During the transaction there was obviously a conversation along the lines of who are you, where are you from, what are you doing here, etc. When I explained that I was not here as a tourist but to find out what MAS was doing and what people thought of socialism, the old lady in the corner, one out of 4 women on the stall, asked me point blank, "What is socialism?" I was taken aback because here was a natural supporter of Morales, yet the MAS movement at a grass roots level has done very little to raise the level of political understanding of core supporters, never mind actually carry out policies that would benefit these core supporters and get their children off the streets and into schools. The lady explained that she and many others could not read nor write, so any kind of political "socialisation" (the term used here to sell the new constitution) would have to take place at a level that people can understand - verbal, pictures, DVD, etc and that would mean that all the grassroots organisations of the MAS would have to be mobilised to go out and win others to the vote. For Morales to win and take the movement forward, his supporters have to be convinced of the benefits of the changed laws so that they will turn out and vote. They cannot be taken for granted. Look at what happened in Venezuela. A defeat for Morales will embolden the bourgeoisie here to take even more drastic measures to throw back the MAS project, the movement towards socialism. It is said that 8,000 soldiers have been mobilised to move on Sucre should there be any more disturbances there. Previous activities have led to deaths and injuries within the past few weeks. The impression given in private conversations from those at the heart of the MAS project is that the country is slowly falling apart and within the MAS there is no coherent political programme along socialist lines to actually carry out a change in society. Unless serious changes are made within the MAS the likelihood of a defeat is on the cards, that is if the bourgeoisie does not use its economic power to scupper the actual vote. Only a serious campaign of mass mobilisation can safe the Bolivian revolution from a defeat which would have serious consequences. And this is the one thing that has not been organised. Darrall Cozens in La Paz, Bolivia Labels: Bolivia, constitutional referendum, Evo Morales, La Paz, MAS Graeme said... Morales is in a tough spot. I believe that the bourgeoisie live in the area that is rich in natural resources as well. A break-away would be bad. Interesting how only worker-led movements are supposed to respect the opposition's "right" to subvert any real changes. They need to get the vote out and if the rich don't recognize democracy, they can go live in Miami with the other terrorists. It is very worrying, please keep us posted. LET'S STOP ALL THIS MASQUERADE!!!!!! Justice Minister Pedro Carreno became the subject of widespread criticism and ridicule by local media this week, when a journalist asked if it wasn't contradictory to attack capitalism while sporting a $180 Louis Vuitton tie and $500 Gucci shoes. Apparently caught off guard, Carreno stammered unintelligibly for a few seconds before responding: "It's not contradictory because I would like Venezuela to produce all this, that way I could purchase things produced here instead of 95 percent of what we consume being imported The VIDEO here Little Pope: The Chavez movement has defects, the opposition has no virtues. It looks bad, but it's not an important issue. Jobove - Reus said... explendit post congratulations , The crux however is that at this juncture the opposition could win. There have been no plans drawn up to ensure a MAS victory. Interestingly candid admission. Darrall Cozens reveals his totalitarian sympathies by criticizing Morales for not being a Stalinist dictator. Thanks Ren, for reminding me once again who is good and who is evil... Little Pope: I changed my mind. He should be recalled. Sonia: , The crux however is that at this juncture the opposition could win. There have been no plans drawn up to ensure a MAS victory. You are misreading what he said. He meant that Morales has no strategy to win. I think any governor calling for autonomy, should be arrested. I think the autonomy movement, should be handled like Confederency was handled here. So much for federalism as a basis of legitimate government. Why even have state "governors". Just call them "lackies" instead. It's a "statesman's" job to weave the peplos, and NOT pit left versus right. This is where the Chinese got it right (the three represents) and the Chavistas and Morales idiots have gone wrong. Darrell: ensure a MAS victory. Ren: You are misreading what he said. He meant that Morales has no strategy to win. A winning strategy, no matter how clever, cannot "ensure" a victory. The only way a victory can be "ensured" is to send the "bourgeois" opponents to the gulag and/or exterminate them. Morales refuses to be such an oppressor, and Darrell denounces him for it. He is an evil Stalinist. This debate isn't about a revolution, but about the costs of a revolution. Those who believe that a revolution is worth any cost in blood and human misery, are Stalinist psychopaths. And they need to be denounced as such. troutsky said... Thinking beyond this particular vote, the breakaway region is in an untennable position to survive "autonomously".The real movement of history is obviously in favor of the indigenous majority, on the whole continent,and whether Chavez or MAS got out in front of it politically for a while it will not change the eventual outcome.The lowlands have valuable soil and natural resources underneath but they have no value in isolation.Their main trading partners will have nothing to do with a "breakaway" confederacy.Love how the rightwinger Farmer sides with those who reject the will of the majority and re-distributive justice. The myth of the Indigenous people. LOL! Troutsky, didn't they ever learn ya that THERE ARE NO AUTOCHTHONOUS people... but then again Marxism ALWAYS requires a "victim" and a "cause", doesn't it. Somebody call the Mermidon's, for Troutsky thinks himself a new Achilles! OMG, I think I can see Jason sewing the dragon's teeth and armed warriors springing from the soil right now! Marxism is just sooooooo pathetic! And yes, I reject BOTH the will of the majority and re-distributative justice. I'll take "negative liberty" and plain old simple JUSTICE any day of the week. I've got no need for the interference of bribe swallowing lords... My advice for Bolivia's poor oppressed "indigenous" people... Hesiod, "Works and Days" (ll. 202-211) And now I will tell a fable for princes who themselves understand. Thus said the hawk to the nightingale with speckled neck, while he carried her high up among the clouds, gripped fast in his talons, and she, pierced by his crooked talons, cried pitifully. To her he spoke disdainfully: `Miserable thing, why do you cry out? One far stronger than you now holds you fast, and you must go wherever I take you, songstress as you are. And if I please I will make my meal of you, or let you go. He is a fool who tries to withstand the stronger, for he does not get the mastery and suffers pain besides his shame.' So said the swiftly flying hawk, the long- winged bird. (ll. 212-224) But you, Perses, listen to right and do not foster violence; for violence is bad for a poor man. Even the prosperous cannot easily bear its burden, but is weighed down under it when he has fallen into delusion. The better path is to go by on the other side towards justice; for Justice beats Outrage when she comes at length to the end of the race. But only when he has suffered does the fool learn this. For Oath keeps pace with wrong judgements. There is a noise when Justice is being dragged in the way where those who devour bribes and give sentence with crooked judgements, take her. And she, wrapped in mist, follows to the city and haunts of the people, weeping, and bringing mischief to men, even to such as have driven her forth in that they did not deal straightly with her. I love the way I call for the Bolivian leaders to become "statemen" and "weave the peplos" and am immediately accused of "taking sides". But then, why should I be surprised? That's all Marxism has to offer... pitting rich against poor... worker against proprietor. Immigrant of 500 years standing versus "indigenous" person. Never did Marx ever have to try and compromise. It was always "his" way, OR active subversion. And Marx's way was always to align himself with the poor, for he always found "justice" in poverty. Anok said... Random fly-by commentary...I will be around to debate things with you and Sonia! But first, a fun game. Then debate. You've been tagged! See blog for details. If you don't want to play, thats OK too. Memet Çagatay said... I'd be appreciated if you explain us how did you arrive the conclusion that Marxism dignifies the poor and poverty? For instance Marx said: "It is true that a controversy now arises in the field of political economy. The one side (Lauderdale, Malthus, etc.) recommends luxury and execrates thrift. The other (Say, Ricardo, etc.) recommends thrift and execrates luxury. But the former admits that it wants luxury in order to produce labour (i.e., absolute thrift); and the latter admits that it recommends thrift in order to produce wealth (i.e., luxury). The Lauderdale-Malthus school has the romantic notion that avarice alone ought not to determine the consumption of the rich, and it contradicts its own laws in advancing extravagance as a direct means of enrichment. Against it, therefore, the other side very earnestly and circumstantially proves that I do not increase but reduce my possessions by being extravagant. The Say-Ricardo school is hypocritical in not admitting that it is precisely whim and caprice which determine production. It forgets the “refined needs”, it forgets that there would be no production without consumption; it forgets that as a result of competition production can only become more extensive and luxurious. It forgets that, according to its views, a thing’s value is determined by use, and that use is determined by fashion. It wishes to see only “useful things” produced, but it forgets that production of too many useful things produces too large a useless population. Both sides forget that extravagance and thrift, luxury and privation, wealth and poverty are equal." Dignify? Please. Heroicize. How many Marxists today are NOT of the vulgar variety? How many don't immediately take up the cause of poor and oppressed indigenous but completely transient hunter-gatherer over his slightly more sophisticated but equally transient but slightly more productive domesticated animal herder, over his slightly more sophisticated and productive, but lame footed, peasant farmer, over his slightly more economically sophisticated and urbanized and productive proletarian industrial worker? The lower one's position in the social and economic pecking order, the more "just" his cause. Sorry, but I've no time kneel with vulgar Marxists at the altar of the Roma or indigenous Bolivians and rant and rave against the luxurious life of the large landowner or capitalist who's effort supports the lives of 100,000 urban citizens/workers. How many Marxists today don't accuse the farmer for "stealing" the primitive hunter-gatherer's land or the capitalist for having stolen his capital? And today, what vulgar Marxist wouldn't march in support of indigent, the more useless and non-productive, the more ardently would he condemn and work to subvert "the system" which does not provide the hobo and drug addict with luxuries: flat-screened TV sets, educational opportunities, access to capital... gratis, each according to his "needs"? Isn't it the epitome of Rawlsian Justice to measure a social system by how greatly it empowers it's lowliest citizens? In Plato's "Republic" Socrates begins to describe the "just" state. But then Glaucon throws in a need to provide "luxuries" (a relish), which compels Socrates to describe a state in a "fevered heat" from which "injustice" can arise... and this tale results in the Republic we associate with the "noble lie"...a kind of "utopic dystopia"? Marx and Socrates may have been able to contemplate this idyllic socially harmonic point, but few humans are satisfied with the simple "necessities". Huxley's "Island" always has neighbor with the desire to "take" those "necessities" for themselves. And your vulgar friends are NO exception. JDHURF said... When Democracy Now had on James Petras to discuss the then looming Venezuelan referendum they also discussed Bolivia, it was an excellent little piece: AMY GOODMAN: Professor Petras, I wanted to ask quickly about Bolivia, the proposed constitutional changes there. On Wednesday, opposition groups staged a general strike in six of Bolivia’s nine provinces against the government-backed changes. Bolivian President Evo Morales says the plans will give Bolivia’s indigenous and poor communities a greater voice in running the country. The proposals will go before a national referendum in the coming months. This is President Morales speaking from the presidential palace in La Paz. PRESIDENT EVO MORALES: [translated] I hope that tomorrow morning these five governors are here to have a dialogue. I hope that in five or nine of our departments that we can lay down new social policies together for Bolivia, because this is a government for all Bolivians, not a government for just one sector of them, as some of our companions have said. AMY GOODMAN: Professor Petras, Bolivia and Evo Morales, do you see similarities with what’s happening in Venezuela? JAMES PETRAS: No, because Morales has adopted a policy of conciliation with the elites, hoping that he could construct what he calls Andean capitalism, in which there’d be subsidiary benefits for the Indian communities, largely creating greater degrees of autonomy. But the autonomy issue has been taken up by the states, the rightwing states, and it’s become a trampoline for a secessionist movement. And I think these measures of autonomy have been reinterpreted by the extreme right, and they have assumed the leadership in five of the nine provinces. And they’re heading for a major political and constitutional confrontation. And let us be absolutely clear what this is all about. The oil and gas wealth is precisely in the states that the right controls, and they are in favor of secession, in which they will control Bolivia’s wealth, even though they may be less than a majority of the population. So this is just like in the United States. This is the equivalent of the Confederates, and they’ve been running roughshod in their states on opposition. Let me give you just one quick example. They have been assaulting the delegates at a constitutional convention. The government of Morales has not intervened with the military to protect these people. In fact, they’re holed up now in a military school, where they’re carrying on their constitutional deliberations. And we’ve had other cases of assaults on Indian groups in Santa Cruz, in Beni and other provinces that are associated with the secessionists. And it’s both a racial issue once again, as well as an oil and gas issue, and it’s all hung around the issue of a secession, a white-dominated confederacy in which there will be no land reform. The wealth will continue to be shared between foreign corporations and the oligarchy. AMY GOODMAN: James Petras, I want to thank you for being with us, Professor Emeritus of sociology and Latin American studies at Binghamton University. JAMES PETRAS: Keep up your good work, Amy. AMY GOODMAN: Thanks very— JAMES PETRAS: It’s extremely helpful to all of us researchers and scholars and students of Latin American and world affairs. AMY GOODMAN: Well, thank you for your work, as well, Professor James Petras in Binghamton. Actually, just today Democracy Now had a piece on the situation in Bolivia: AMY GOODMAN: The Bolivian President Evo Morales formally received a copy of the country’s new draft constitution Saturday, as tens of thousands of supporters marched through the capital La Paz. The new constitution would increase the power of Bolivia’s indigenous majority. But four of Bolivia’s wealthiest regions have declared autonomy in protest of the plans. The four lowland provinces contain much of Bolivia’s natural resource wealth and most of its large natural gas deposits. In Santa Cruz, tens of thousands of people marched to celebrate their self-declared “autonomy.” They object to the new constitution, which would redistribute wealth to the poorer highland areas of Bolivia. Opposition leader and president of Santa Cruz Civic Committee Branco Marincovic spoke at a rally on Saturday. BRANCO MARINCOVIC: [translated] Mr. President, Evo Morales, stop discrediting this autonomy. I propose you read our statute. I propose you read our statute, so that you can realize that this is an autonomy of unity and not a separation. AMY GOODMAN: Meanwhile, President Evo Morales opposed the autonomy move and has vowed to defend Bolivia’s unity, saying, “We’re not going to let anyone divide Bolivia.” All the legislation has to be submitted to referendums that are expected to take place early next year. Jim Shultz joins us now, executive director of the Democracy Center in Cochabamba, Bolivia. He writes a blog on Bolivia that can be found at democracyctr.org. He joins us on the phone from Cochabamba. Welcome to Democracy Now!, Jim. JIM SHULTZ: Good morning, Amy. Thanks for having me on. AMY GOODMAN: It’s good to have you on. Can you tell us what’s happening? JIM SHULTZ: Well, I think as your listeners and viewers know, Bolivia has been going through a huge political transformation for the last year and a half with the election of Evo Morales, the country’s first indigenous president. One of the big initiatives that that movement has been pushing has been to rewrite the constitution through a constituent assembly elected by the people just over a year ago, to rewrite the nation’s Magna Carta. And that’s all come to a head in the last few weeks, and the opposition to Morales and MAS has worked for over a year to try to sidetrack that process. They don’t want most of the things that Morales has been pushing for and that MAS and the indigenous groups have been pushing for in that constitution. The meetings that were held in Sucre were disrupted to the point where for two months, the constituent assembly wasn’t able to meet. Finally the backers of Morales and MAS actually met in a military facility behind police guards to initially approve a constitution in a session that the opposition boycotted. All of this has just snowballed into what we have this last weekend, which you described, which is the highland areas, where the support for the new constitution is very strong, delivered the constitution symbolically to Evo Morales in La Paz, and the lowlands, where opposition to Morales is equally strong, on the other side, have declared autonomy. It’s about a lot of issues all at once. It’s about race. There’s certainly a racial divide between the highlands and the lowlands. It’s about oil and gas. By the luck of geology, the oil and gas wealth in the country is in the eastern lowlands, and the people in the highlands, where there isn’t oil and gas, want that to be a national resource, and the people in the lowlands, in the same way that you see in Chad or Cameroon or all over the world, are looking for the oil and gas to be within their control. So it’s about race, it’s about power, it’s about oil and gas, it’s about regional divisions. And it’s all come to a head in this endgame over the new constitution. AMY GOODMAN: Well, with these four areas declaring autonomy, do you see the breakup, a possible breakup of Bolivia? JIM SHULTZ: I think that there’s certainly a fear of that here. I think that’s unlikely. I think that there is a lot of tension. I think that there’s some very hard negotiations to happen in this country. But remember, Bolivian politics always plays out in two forms at the same time. It always plays out simultaneously in political institutions and negotiations and on the streets, as people flex their street muscle. I think there are two big issues that autonomy relates to. One is land, and one is oil and gas. On land, I think that the autonomy movement is potentially very strong. I mean, the national government is not going to send in troops to enforce land reform. So I think the autonomists there have a strong hand to play. On the other hand, the oil and gas contracts the Bolivia has are largely with the governments of Brazil and Argentina. You know, the governments of Brazil and Argentina are not going to suddenly cut side deals with these conservative governments in Santa Cruz to deliver the gas and oil revenue. So that revenue is still going to go through the national government. AMY GOODMAN: Jim Shultz, are any foreign governments or corporations backing these four states declaring autonomy? JIM SHULTZ: Well, certainly, overtly they’re not. There is always suspicions here that there are some foreign oil companies with their hands in the movement to try to get more autonomy for these eastern regions. But again, the players are the governments of Argentina and Brazil. I think it’s highly unlikely that Lula is running around behind the scenes to try to topple the Morales government or weaken it. There’s certainly always, you know, conspiracy theories here about whether the US government and the US embassy has a hand in this, and Morales has certainly made that accusation. My experience with the US embassy here is that they’re a lot more incompetent than they are conspiratorial. AMY GOODMAN: And the draft constitution, what does it give to the indigenous people of Bolivia? JIM SHULTZ: Well, it’s very important for the indigenous people here in a lot of ways. And it’s important to remember, Amy, that this dream of a new constitution and of a constituent assembly did not get born with Evo Morales and it did not get born in 2005. This goes back two decades with this vision of, you know, really trying to write a constitution that rises above the history of colonization here. So, for the first time, this constitution recognizes the thirty-six indigenous peoples that are a part of Bolivia. It includes things like the recognition of community justice, in which indigenous pueblos in the highlands, for example, instead of bringing cases of theft and that kind of thing to a court system far away, communities can have systems of justice where people have to make amends through helping build a school or that kind of thing. It also grants other kinds of autonomy to indigenous communities so that people, for example, can elect their leadership through traditional means, as opposed to just adopting a quote/unquote “Western model.” AMY GOODMAN: And so, what happens now with the draft constitution? JIM SHULTZ: Well, we’re going to have a lot of elections in 2008, that’s for sure. The draft constitution has to go to a vote of the people. It has to be approved by a majority of 50% plus one. There will be a separate article of the constitution that did not receive the approval of the full assembly needed, that’s on land reform, that will be voted on. As part of the standoff between the regions, President Morales has called for a referendum, in which there would be an up-or-down vote on whether he and the governors would continue in office past 2008. So I think we’re headed for an awful lot of elections. I frankly think that the MAS government is in a politically weak position to win approval of this constitution. AMY GOODMAN: Jim Shultz, we’re going to leave it there. I want to thank you very much for being with us, executive director of the Democracy Center in Cochabamba, Bolivia, writing a blog on Bolivia that can be found at democracyctr.org. Gee, Morales circumvents Constitutional procedure by turning a 2/3 majority vote requirementfor changes into a 50-50 majority vote and his citizens threaten to secede. I can't imagine why... actually, I think I can. Fulfilling a campaign promise, Morales opened on August 6, 2006 the Bolivian Constituent Assembly to begin writing a new constitution aimed at giving more power to the indigenous majority[6]. Problems immediately arose when, unable to garner the two-thirds votes needed to include controversial provisions in the constitutional draft, Morales' party announced that only a simple majority (50%+) would be needed to draft individual articles while two-thirds needed to pass the document in full. Violent protests arose in December 2006 in parts of the country for both two-thirds and departmental autonomy; mostly in the eastern third of the country, where much of the hydrocarbon wealth is located. Hmmm. I wonder how many Americans would support Harry Reid and Nancy Pelosi re-writing OUR Constitution on a simple majority vote. Zero's my guess. Farmer John: You're such an hysterical reactionary that you are virtually a caricature. CUSCO, Peru - It began as a long march by indigenous people through the Amazon jungle in 1990, shook the streets of Bolivia in 2003 and 2005, brought down two presidents and elected the first Indian president of Bolivia in December 2005. On July 2, the people of Bolivia will finally begin the process which indigenous groups and social movements have been demanding for 15 years: the rewriting of Bolivia's constitution. Two hundred and fifty-five representatives will be elected, with a quota of women, who will draft the new constitution over the next year. Simultaneously, Bolivians will vote on a referendum for greater autonomy for the country's wealthy eastern region. In the four months he has been in office, Bolivian president Evo Morales has cut his own salary and the salary of other government officials, nationalized Bolivian oil, begun ambitious land reform and literacy programs, and imported Cuban doctors to work in poor, rural communities. Now, in his proposal for the new constitution, Morales reframes Bolivia, which is 65 percent indigenous, as a state based on ''plurality, equality, and the dialogue between cultures.'' But as the elected representatives add their own ideas to Morales' proposal, he will be challenged not just by conservatives who opposed his election but by some Indian and campesino organizations who say they have been excluded from the constitutional assembly process. ''Refundar Bolivia,'' a document released by Movement Towards Socialism (MAS) in May, specifically mentions the struggles of Andean indigenous heroes. It lessens the power of the Catholic Church by redefining Bolivia as a lay state with respect for all religions and beliefs. It makes the Wiphala, a flag that has been a symbol of Latin American Indian unity and resistance, the official flag along with the current one. Aymara, Quechua and Guarani are named as official languages along with Spanish, and Bolivia's indigenous population is ensured the right to their political systems, cultural traditions and natural resource management. The coca leaf, as a cultural tradition, is guaranteed protection by the state. Several campesino and Indian organizations are mentioned as having worked on the MAS proposal, including the Confederacion Sindical Unica de Trabajadores Campesinos de Bolivia (CSUTCB) and the Consejo Nacional de Ayllus y Marqas de Qollasuyo (CONAMAQ). But in April, some of the leaders of CONAMAQ, a nongovernmental organization headed by Martin Condori, took to the streets and burned papers representing agreements with MAS, officially ending the relationship. They claimed that MAS had not given them enough representation in its selection of candidates for the constitutional assembly. Vice President Alvaro Linera responded that MAS could not give them more without excluding other groups. ''Evo is one of our sons,'' said Jaime Perez Castro, one of the mallkus, or authorities, of CONAMAQ, ''but is he paying attention to his ancestral culture?'' Castro says CONAMAQ will present Morales with its own proposal, emphasizing indigenous forms of political organization. ''We're not interested in communism or capitalism,'' he said. ''We want to return to the system of Ayllus we had before the colonization.'' Leaders of CSUTCB, which was once headed by Felipe Quispe, Morales' opponent in the 2002 presidential elections, have also expressed dissatisfaction with Morales, ranging from accusations that he is still surrounded by too many members of the previous government to charges that his proposal is ''too European'' or that Hugo Chavez is wielding too much power in Bolivia. Quechuan activist Marta Orozco, who worked with Morales before his presidency, said some of the dissatisfaction from Indian groups is because ''Morales is a syndicalist, not an Indianist. But it's all healthy self-criticism, a necessary part of the process.'' Faustino Aricagua, Mallku of the indigenous group El Consejo de Suyus Aymaras y Quechuas del Qullasuyu (CONSAQ), emphasized the need for unity. ''Evo is working hard to incorporate all 36 of our national indigenous cultures,'' he said. ''What we need to do is change the cultural self-esteem of every single Bolivian,'' said Aricagua. ''This can't happen in three or four months.'' One of the major criticisms from indigenous organizations and social movements has been that the hurried deadline for gathering signatures made it impossible for them to present candidates, essentially handing over the assembly to political parties and excluding other organizations. Democracy Center Director Jim Schultz has commented in his Web blog from Bolivia that this may be one of the reasons for the relative lack of enthusiasm for the constitutional assembly elections compared to the presidential elections of December. Without the enthusiasm MAS was able to generate in December, he said, Morales may end up with a majority of assembly members from opposition parties, who have opposed his land reform project and seek greater autonomy for the wealthy, largely European area of Santa Cruz. Those within MAS see the constitutional assembly as ''the beginning of an important change'' for the indigenous people of Bolivia. ''The peoples of Bolivia, the Guarani, the Aymara and others, were excluded from the writing of earlier constitutions. Now it's our turn,'' said Lorenzo Mamani, Aymaran director of unemployment for MAS. Mamani said the MAS proposal is a work in progress, and authorities from indigenous communities will continue to be consulted in its development. He took the criticisms of Morales and MAS in stride. ''You are never going to be able to satisfy everyone,'' he said. ''There will always be criticism.'' In La Paz, women in traditional Aymaran clothing mingled with university students in blue jeans and office workers in suits and ties, at a meeting of Santucos or ''busy little devils,'' a grass-roots MAS group, which has sprung up separately from the MAS leadership to organize for the new constitution on a community level. There, organizers spoke of how to gather suggestions from people on the street to add to the MAS proposal. ''It's not the job of MAS to preach to the people,'' said one organizer, ''it's our job to find out what kind of Bolivia they want.'' Oh wow, that is such a travesty, obviously that would be exactly like Reid or Pelosi rewriting the constitution themselves, perfect parallel../sarcasm. What was wrong with following the established Constitutional process in Bolivia? Just like the "Omnibus" spending bill that just passed our Congress, Morales is afraid people will discover the Greeks hiding within his little paper horse. LOL! The ruling classes and their wannabees are all for nationalism until the moment that their stolen wealth is threatened in the slightest. (Esp. if those threatening that wealth have a different skin color!)Then they are for dismembering the country or acting as Quislings for the Empire. Let's hope the Bolivian working classes and the Indigenous peoples kick their asses all the way to Miami where they belong. ren - how can you say the opposition is inert in the castro debacle? do those people have no right to a voice? you are a selectivist - it's not about what the majority wants with you and your cohorts, it's what you believe the majority SHOULD be thinking! shame on you. every society yearns to be free - and that includes free of inclusive "government"! do you really have the desire to be TOLD what is right? p.s. only 372 shopping days left until CHRISTmas 2008~! woo-ooh! oops! i meant "chavez", not "castro" - although if the foo shitz! p.s. - in a government you condone, we'd not have this avenue to discuss the events of the day - think about it, ren. you will not be immune. I'll reply to comments tomorrow. Just came home from a movie screening, of "The Great Debaters," directed by and starring Denzel Washington. That movie will open Christmas. nanc: What the hell are you talking about? The opposition in Venezuela not only had the right to a voice, but, they voiced it in the referendum. Unless or until you specify what the Greeks hiding within the reforms refers to - most likely illusory bogeymen - then I will ignore your trifling posts. For, that which can be presented without evidence can be dismissed without evidence. ...and until you tell me what the suitcase w/ $800,000 in cash (US) from Hugo Chavez was for, I think I can ignore YOUR trifling posts as well. A military Venezuelan C-130 lands in the jungles of Bolivia. Thinking that the plane is full of illegal arms, the "local indigenous people" attack the plane with stones. The C-130 pilot immediately takes off, but not before allowing a single Venezuelan passenger disembark with a valise containing $800,000. I guess Hugo is financing Morales as well. I wonder if the Venezuelan people know where all their oil money is going. ...but I guess suitcases full of cash going from Hugo Chavez to Morales in Bolivia or from Hugo to the finance the Argentininan election isn't "Stolen wealth", right GAMBONE? No... and Hugo's "Bolivarian Republic" won't be an "imperialist" empire, either... Watching Hugo and his useful idiots (that's YOU Gambone) is like watching an episode of the 3 Stooges. Don't these idiots know how to use "diplomatic pouches"? I guess the Benianos who stoned and chased away the Venezuelan plane weren't really indigenous people either, since they're from the plains/jungles and NOT the Andes mountains, like Mr. Morales' indigenous supporters... JDHURF: I like what Petras has been saying lately. He was real good on the referendum in Venezuela. that which can be presented without evidence can be dismissed without evidence. I'm going to use that argument. Nanc: I don't get what you are saying. In Venezuela the opposition won the referendum. They got their message across. In Bolivia Morales background is only as a parlimentarian. That is why he is overwhelmed by the militancy of the opposition. He has done nothiing but offer compromise. To the opposition that is seen as weakness. Farmer: If Chavez wanted to channel money, he could do it easier and smarter than using a private plane. In Argentina the poorest are always paid to vote by the ruling party. The US is violating Argentine sovereignty. Argentine sovereignty... bwa-ha-ha-ha-ha! What was Chavez violating? There is no proof of a government to government transfer. Chavez could bring $$ by himself, without inspection. The captured courier was a Venezuelan soldier in uniform... btw - Is Michael Vick coordinating the Morales campaign against autonomy in the breakaway Bolivian state of Santa Cruz? (CAUTION - EXTREME IMAGES of Animal Cruelty) I'll give one thing to Morales, he's really trying to remain true to his indigenous roots. All he needs now are a few Waldo's to disembowel and throw off the top of Machu Pichu... instead of a coupla measly dogs. Farmer John has degenerated from a laughable caricature of a reactionary to a repugnant racist. After having posted the hilarious propaganda that Chavez flew a suitcase of money to Argentina and not being able to support that with any serious evidence - because none exists - he has now resorted to waging a vitriolic ad hominem attack against Morales which is based upon explicit racism. I picture "Farmer" John sitting behind his computer screen typing away draped in white bedsheets with a framed picture of Nathaniel Bedford Forrest on the wall. Go to the links I've posted above and click them. You're confusing Chavez's captured suitcase full of money that went to Argentina with Chavez's "other" captured suitcase full of money that went to Bolivia. And is the NFL and US government racist because they are persecuting Michael Vick? Since when is it "racist" to denounce senseless dog killing? If my attack seems "racist" to you, then perhaps there is perhaps some "good" in "racism" after all... although I think you'll discover that what you're calling "racism" is simply my disgust with certain "indigenous cultural practices"... like sensless dog killing. btw - In your fantasy of me above... are you tied to a bed naked and begging me to come spank you? STOP fantasizing about me, pervert! Farmer “the white supremacist” John said: Go to the links I've posted above and click them. The blog links? Lol! Certainly not, but, it is a bit more than revealing that you have conjured this little scenario up. Mark Foley, anyone? perhaps there is perhaps some "good" in "racism" after all First of all, you only need one “perhaps” there buddy. Second of all, I rest my case. You are a racist white supremacist. Shame on you. ...and racists make you HOT, don't they? Keep livin' the fantasy JD. Maybe, one day, you'll find a real Klansman to spank you. 好秘书中国呼吸网肿瘤网中国皮肤网工作总结个人工作总结半年工作总结年终工作总结单位工作总结教师工作总结教学工作总结学校工作总结德育工作总结财务工作总结医务工作总结安全工作总结乡镇工作总结党员工作总结团委工作总结公司工作总结实习工作总结班主任工作总结党支部工作总结办公室工作总结学生会工作总结总结报告工作报告政府报告述职报告述廉报告考察报告自查报告情况报告调研报告调查报告申请报告辞职报告实习报告验收报告评估报告汇报体会工作汇报思想汇报汇报材料情况通报情况汇报心得体会学习心得工作心得培训心得读后感发言致辞发言稿开业开幕领导讲话动员讲话庆典致辞节日致词新春致词晚会致辞追悼悼词节目游戏毕业致辞思想宣传组织人事晚会主持词会议主持词婚礼主持词常用书信表扬信感谢信倡议书责任书承诺书检讨书申请书保证书决心书悔过书建议书慰问信邀请函条据书信礼仪文书贺电贺词社交礼仪个人礼仪商务礼仪职场礼仪涉外礼仪饮食礼仪节日礼仪婚庆礼仪鲜花礼仪其他礼仪交际礼仪哮喘支气管炎气管炎鼻炎肺癌呼吸机氧气机好秘书中国呼吸网肿瘤网中国皮肤网感冒支气管炎气管炎哮喘肺癌肺炎肺结核打鼾鼻炎咳嗽咽炎肺心病肺气肿鼻窦炎鼻息肉扁桃体炎喉炎支气管扩张肺水肿肺脓肿肺不张尘肺病肺栓塞鼻咽癌鼻窦炎呼吸衰竭呼吸道感染呼吸困难口咽癌咽部异物喉癌喉麻痹喉头水肿新生儿窒息胸腔积液气胸胸膜炎鼻疖咯血胸膜癌急性会厌炎禽流感麻疹风疹猩红热百日咳呼吸机氧气机希望大家都會非常非常幸福美滿快樂健康美麗更希大家活力無限............................................. vuong said... ビジネス英文英語塾外資　英語にきび跡フリーエンジニア販売管理過払い　池袋過払い　渋谷液晶　テレビ　32 事業再生経営計画書経営改革経営改善浮気調査　埼玉浮気調査　川口備考調査　追跡調査　東京不倫調査　離婚調査　東京浮気調査　素行調査　東京ストーカー相談　ストーカー対策　東京結婚調査　結婚詐欺　東京信用調査　企業調査　東京調査料金　東京身上調査　身元調査　身辺調査　東京所在調査　東京夫　妻　浮気　東京フラワーギフト　通販	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line7
__label__wiki	0.546388	0.546388	Om Anarkismo.net Nettstedets mål Ireland / Britain \| Anarchist movement Recent articles by WSM Isolation is Communal - Covid19 0 comments The struggle against Covid-19 is also political 0 comments Alan MacSimóin (1957-2018)- Rest In Power 0 comments Recent Articles about Ireland / Britain Anarchist movement David Graeber, anthropologist and author of Bullshit Jobs, dies aged 5... Sep 06 20 by Sian Cain Why anarchism isn’t a popular idea? Jul 13 20 by Zaher Baher Interview with the Anarchist Communist Group (ACG) from Great Britain Jun 09 19 by Die Plattform Workers Solidarity 119 online ireland / britain \| anarchist movement \| link to pdf Thursday January 27, 2011 22:57 by WSM - WS Editorial Group The January - February 2011 Edition of Ireland's anarchist paper, the Workers Solidarity freesheet is now online to read or to download as a PDF file. PDF of Workers Solidarity 119 Web Edition 2.4 Mb Government Attacks on Healthcare Change Won't Come From the Ballot Box Thinking About Anarchism: Can Ireland Go It Alone? People Power in Tunisia The Budget & The Rich Review: The Pipe Wikileaks: Terrorists or Freedom Fighters? Anarchism and the WSM The end of last year proved to be a busy period for the WSM as the IMF/ECB road show arrived in town. We were active in organising a ‘left block’ within the ICTU protest against the governments 4-year plan held on 27th November. We marched in that block as part of the 1% network, an anti-capitalist coalition of socialist organisations that we are part of. The same network gathered at the Wolfe Tone statue at Stephens Green to join with another ‘left block’ protest at the Dail on budget night. In Cork, our branch was involved in organising a further protest against the budget on the following evening and our members there were involved in a Social Welfare Defenders protest and occupation of Anglo-Irish Bank. Elsewhere on the streets, WSM members were involved in student protests at the Department of Finance in Dublin, in Cork and in Maynooth, while we also supported the anti-Garda brutality march in Dublin following the deployment of riot police and subsequent beatings of students at the afore-mentioned protest in Dublin. We attended the community sectors “Spectacle of Defiance and Hope” held in Dublin city centre on the Friday following the budget. Finally, our members were present at the Feminist Open Forum rally at the GPO on December 18th calling for abortion legislation in line with the X case following the European Court of Human Rights decision against the Irish state in the ABC case. While street activity is important, we are also fully aware of the importance of education and political discussion. With this in mind, we staged our fifth “Rethinking Revolution” meeting in Seomra Spraoi in Dublin titled “The Republican Tradition - A Place to Build From?” which gave an anarchist perspective on Republicanism in Ireland over the last 200 years or so. In Cork we hosted the latest in the Winter Talks series in Solidarity Books with speakers on the Land War and famed anarchist, Piotr Kropotkin. Our members also participated in the “Claiming our Future” conference in the RDS in Dublin where almost 1,000 people gathered to discuss ways of combating the cuts and constructing an alternative Ireland. Street protests and radicalisation of the populace are no good in and of themselves and at our National Conference, held in Cork in November, we discussed a number of possible ways forward for the WSM. However, whatever strategy is employed, if we are to have any chance of successfully resisting the ongoing attack on our living conditions, we need to be organised. This can be as part a specific political organisation, like the WSM, or in trade unions, community organisations and campaigning groups, where many of our members are also active. If this sounds like a necessity to you or if you would like to find out more about our work, or us, please do not hesitate to get in touch. For further written, audio and video reports on the above, see our website: www.wsm.ie As the health budget is cut, a worsening health service will predictably result in higher national morbidity and mortality. Are we prepared to allow this to occur? Fintan O’Toole appears to want us to be listened to as citizens and believes that political reform is crucial. It is a natural reaction after witnessing the cronyism of Fianna Fáil in power over the last 13 years and how they’ve acted in favour of the ruling elite. The fact that I, as a taxpayer on €40,000 p.a., will pay exactly the same amount of tax as one on €300,000 p.a. puts that sharply into focus. As the scale of the debts loaded onto the Irish people became clear, the calls for defaulting became louder. The moral argument for default is certainly strong: why should Irish workers pay for the poor decisions of Irish and European capitalists? But justified though it may be, would defaulting cause more pain than gain? On Saturday December 18th last, the Tunisian police stopped Mohamed Bouaziz, an unemployed university graduate, and seized the hand cart of fruit and vegetables he had been selling to support himself and his family. Enraged by the injustice and despairing of any escape from destitution and starvation in Tunisia’s impoverished economy, increasingly ravaged by rising food prices, the young man set fire to himself in protest outside the town hall in Sidi Bouzid, 200km south-west of the capital Tunis. The young man was later to die in hospital. The government’s economic think-tank, the ESRI, wrote in the Irish Times in the aftermath of the budget that the measures taken over the past four years have been “strongly progressive” i.e. that they redistributed wealth from the rich to the poor. However, this is a somewhat convenient timeframe to apply and ignores the impacts of the measures announced in the 2011 budget. This film brings to the big screen the dramatic story of Shell’s blundering, sometimes violent, attempts to impose a high-pressure raw gas pipeline on a small North Mayo community. The documentary features footage taken over three years, from 2006 to 2008, by Risteard O’Domhnaill. It has all the ingredients, stunning landscapes, riveting action scenes and the real-life stories of local people who found themselves on the front line of the drama. The film is short on background to the whole issue and mentions very little on the actual dangers posed by the pipeline and refinery, as well as the giveaway terms the oil companies ‘extracted’ from Irish state. However, in Willie Corduff, and particularly in Pat O’Donnell, the filmmaker has struck cinema gold. Through the words and, especially, the actions of these figures we get a good picture of just what’s at stake here and what it takes to engage in effective resistance. Wikileaks continues to make almost daily headlines. Aside from the various revelations, there are also two widely told stories that are supposed to help us put these leaks into context. This page has not been translated into Norsk yet.	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line12
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__label__cc	0.591277	0.408723	INDEX BY PLACE INDEX BY THEME LUIS BARRAGAN: CHAPEL OF THE CAPUCHINAS LUIS BARRAGÁN: CAPILLA DE LAS CAPUCHINAS. "...the words beauty, inspiration, enchantment, magic, sorcery, charm and also serenity, silence, intimacy and amazement have disappeared at an alarming rate in publications devoted to architecture. All of them have found a loving welcome in my soul, and even if I am far from claiming to have made them complete justice in my work, they have never ceased to be my beacon. " Luis Barragan, acceptance speech for the Pritzker Prize My kind hosts, the Perez family, drove through the treed, pretty cobbled streets which, away from noise of the Mexican metropolis, form the Colonia Tlalpan. "We're going to a chapel which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and where I made my First Communion," says the eldest child. Intrigued, I figured we'd go to one of the magnificent colonial churches that form the outstanding Mexican cultural heritage. I was very surprised when we stopped at a gate set in a modest wall that constituted a very simple and anonymous facade. Behind this austere facade an architectural gem hidden inside. Photo courtesy of peaks. To my surprise, after the wall I discovered the famous Chapel and Convent of the Capuchinas Sacramentarias, a masterpiece by the most renowned Mexican architect Luis Barragán . Barragán along with Oscar Niemeyer, is the only architect to have won the prestigious Pritzker Architecture Prize in Latin America. In fact, when Jay A. Pritzker awarded the architect, he considered that Barragán had dedicated himself to architecture "as a sublime act of poetic imagination." Details of the pool and the reflection of the lattice. Photo C. Zeballos Deeply religious, the master filled his works with peacefulness and serenity, using a clearly Mexican formal vocabulary, the expressive tectonic nature of the materials, the sublime use of light and an elaborated yet simple treatment of space. However, the production of Barragán is not very prolific, mainly because for a good period of his life the architect was very selective in accepting his commissions. However in 1953, he gladly accepted the project for the expansion of the cloister and the chapel of the Capuchin sisters. "We wanted Barragán to do the project, but we had no money, so we went to his office and talked to him." tells us the sister who is guiding us. "He not only willingly agreed to do the project, but also to finance part of its construction." Layout of the complex, courtesy of Pete Lackey To carry out the work, which lasted 7 years to complete, the architect dedicated much enthusiasm and passion to define the many details that compose the building. "We did not know what he was doing, but we trusted him completely, until one spring morning in April 24, 1960 the chapel was opened. To us, it looked amazing, beautiful, austere, almost without images, ahead of the Second Vatican Council " recalls the sister. 3D plant and the chapel, courtesy of Pete Lackey Upon entering, we get to a small semi sunken courtyard, with white walls, in one of which a monumental cross is embedded. As a counterpart, a serene pool, in whose waters white flowers float, gives human scale to the space. To the right, a yellow frame lattice accompanies a stairway leading to a secondary chapel that we will mention later. The simple but powerful detail and color of the yellow grid reflecting on the black-stone pond is simply overwhelming. At the other end of the pool is the entrance to the chapel, which we accessed after a short climb up stone steps. A long single wooden bench seems to float perpendicularly to the wall, but is actually held by invisible metal brackets. Details of the "floating" bench adjacent to the wooden wall. Note the austere character of the floor. Once in the room, the nun opened the doors (one of which, curiously, revolves around 30 cm from its end) to let us note one detail: the use of a pink glass, rare at the time, that illuminates the environment with a special tone of light. On one side are the private areas of the convent, arranged on a long plot. Towards the other side, we entered the chapel. 3D representation of the interior lighting of the chapel, which illustrates the interplay of light and shade but does not reproduce the colors of the windows, walls and wood. Image courtesy of Pete Lackey The light passing through a yellow glass located on the extreme of the choir floods the space turning it of a caramel-color and reveals an austere chapel with hardwood floors and with rough textured walls of vivid ocher tones. The altar is a sculptural work, the golden rectangles by Mathias Goeritz. I am filled with deep sense of spirituality that conveys in this simple but warm space. Just the color of the wall causes the light to produce shades that suggest feelings of peacefulness and serenity. To the side, a freestanding cross receives lateral illumination. The effect is dramatic, due to a triangular wedge that is embedded in space (see the plant layout). Effect of lateral illumination of the cross. Pink hue changes according to time of day. Photos courtesy of the Barragan Foundation "Tadao Ando was here" he says the sister proudly "and he was amazed by this effect of the light." Tadao Ando, Frank Gehry and Rem Koolhaas among other famous architects have been fascinated and influenced by the mastery of Barragán’s works. To the right, separated by a white wooden lattice-shaped grid, is a side chapel that is often used by families of the nuns. View of the side chapel. Photo courtesy of the Barragan Foundation From above, a hidden slit bathes the ambient with generous, warm light, while discovering the enormous height of the walls, a triple height that gives monumentality to the chapel. Quick Sketch showing the detail of the light slit on the side chapel. Exquisite details featured in the small corridor adjacent to the chapel, such as a window whose yellow light is drawn on the wooden wall (the picture shown is taken from outside the window), the confessionary, furniture and doors, demonstrate the thoroughness that the Mexican master put in this work. Detail of a wall, whose layout has been intentionally distorted. The illumination inside produces on a dramatic character. The tour ends back in the small courtyard, in the hallway next to the pool, separated by the yellow lattice and with the bench that seems to be levitating. Religion and Myth How to understand art and the glory of history without religious spirituality and without the mythical background that leads to the very roots of the artistic phenomenon? Without any of those we would not have the Egyptian and our own Mexican pyramids, there would be no Gothic cathedrals or Greek temples or the amazement that the Renaissance and the Baroque left, not the ritual dances of the so-called primitive peoples and the inexhaustible treasure of popular artistic sensitivity of all nations on earth. I would like thank the fine courtesy of architect Francisco Perez, his wife Carla and their children Erika, Diego and Ximena, without whose generous help my visit through Mexico and its architectural gems, and in particular building, would probably not have been more than an unaccomplished dream. RELIGIOUS CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE. Chapel in Mt. Rokko, Kobe. Tadao Ando. Church on Water, Tomamu. Tadao Ando. Church of Light, Osaka. Tadao Ando. Jubilee Church, Tor Tre Teste, Rome, Italy. Richard Meier Posted by Carlos Zeballos at 11:44 AM Labels: Barragan, chapel, Christianity, church, Mexico, modernism, Pritzker, Tlaplan Bigmutt February 28, 2014 at 3:15 AM Nice article & photos ... but you provide no information about days, times, procedures involved for visiting this beautiful chapel. While it is indeed a World Heritage site, this chapel is located within a cloistered convent that houses a small group of aging nuns. Visits therefore need to be organized around their daily routines. A Mexican government website suggests that visits can be arranged only by appointment; visits will generally be scheduled between 10 and 12 and 4 to 6 pm, Monday to Thursday. The website says that the phone number for making an appointment is 5573 2395. Be prepared to pay a small fee for the tour and to perhaps purchase some other products made by the nuns; the rely on this revenue to cover their costs of living. It's perhaps a bit inconvenient to make these arrangements, but it's worth it. ortizcheesetris September 1, 2015 at 2:00 PM tendran los planos en autocad? For a visit one must also be rather silent, and respectful of the quiet life of the nuns, and taking no photos. MY ARCHITECTURAL MOLESKINE Notes on the fly throughout an exciting journey, a logboof of emotions and senses while walking between architectural spaces bathed in light, surrounded by landscape, or being part of it. Just like in a moleskine - that notebook where travelers compiled writings and drawings of their visits- this blog offers you, dear reader, my own collection based on my personal experience about interesting sites visited in recent years. Welcome to My Architectural Moleskine "What I hear, I forget; what I read, I remember; what I do, I learn; what I teach, I know." Old Chinese proverb. Carlos Zeballos Architect and urban designer, professor in universities in Peru and Russia. Post PhD. researcher on urban design and landscape in Japan. Earned his PhD in Urban Environmental Planning at Kyoto University, Japan and Master degrees in Sustainability in Argentina and Environmental Management in Peru. VANDUSEN VISITOR CENTRE VANDUSEN BOTANICAL GARDEN, VANCOUVER ODE TO THE SEA TADAO ANDO: CHAPEL IN MT. ROKKO TADAO ANDO: CHURCH ON WATER The texts, graphics and photos, unless otherwise stated, belong to the author of this blog. They may be used for personal and academic purposes, as long as the respective authors and source are acknowledged. Its use is not allowed for commercial purposes. This work is under a Creative Commons license. MOLESKINE ® is a trademark registered by Moleskine S.r.l." Moleskine S.r.l. has no relation with any content published on this website" Thanks for following this blog MOLESKINE ARQUITECTÓNICO on Facebook THE METABOLIST MOVEMENT Kenzo Tange in front of his Plan for Tokyo in 1960 ESPAÑOL Metabolism was the most important urban architectural, artistic and philo... LE CORBUSIER: CHAPEL OF NOTRE-DAME-DU HAUT, RONCHAMP (II) ESPAÑOL The first part of the article on the famous Modernist masterpiece, Le Corbusier's the chapel of Notre-du-Haut, was... SANAA: 21st CENTURY MUSEUM, KANAZAWA ESPAÑOL The 21st Century Museum, located in Kanazawa, is one of the most important works designed by SANAA (Sejima and Nishikawa A... TOYO ITO: SENDAI MEDIATHEQUE VERSIÓN EN ESPAÑOL Sendai , located 300 km north of Tokyo and known as the "City of Trees”, is a city of one million inhabitants. Ne... PETER ZUMTHOR: KOLUMBA MUSEUM, COLOGNE ESPAÑOL "The notion that our work is an integral part of what we achieve takes us to the very limits our musings about the valu... BURJ AL ARAB, THE SYMBOL OF DUBAI VERSIÓN EN ESPAÑOL "A building becomes iconic when its form is simple and unique. If you can draw a building with a few sweeps of th... THE OTHER SIDE OF DUBAI: WIND TOWERS VERSIÓN EN ESPAÑOL Search for "Dubai + architecture" in Google and you will find numerous fantastic projects that had given t... BURJ KHALIFA, THE TALLEST BUILDING IN THE WORLD ESPAÑOL Dubai, the most impressive city of not only the UAE and probably the whole Middle East. The thermometer marks 44 degrees Celsiu... ZAHA HADID: PERFORMING ARTS CENTER, ABU DHABI ESPAÑOL The Performing Arts Center and the Sheikh Zayed Bridge are two of the most important projects being carried out in the Emirate... F. GEHRY: GUGGENHEIM MUSEUM, BILBAO ESPAÑOL "The Guggenheim Museum Bilbao is the greatest building of our time." Philip Johnson Love it or hate it , n... The Bosa Bosa Review One year Jump !	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line15
__label__wiki	0.904388	0.904388	Local Search Site Search Today's Globe THIS STORY HAS BEEN FORMATTED FOR EASY PRINTING Local / N.H. man files sex abuse lawsuit against diocese By Lynne Tuohy Associated Press / May 19, 2010 Invalid E-mail address Add a personal message:(80 character limit) Sending your article Your article has been sent. E-mail\| Reprints\| Text size – + CONCORD, N.H. — A New Hampshire man has filed a lawsuit against the Catholic Diocese of Manchester, contending that he was repeatedly abused as a youth by a priest in Colebrook. John Labbe, 53, of Plymouth, alleges that the late Rev. George St. Jean molested him for four years, beginning when he was 9 and an altar boy at St. Brendan’s parish in Colebrook. Labbe’s lawyer said he did not realize until last year that St. Jean was one of 26 New Hampshire priests who had multiple complaints filed against them for alleged sexual abuse. The state attorney general’s office released the list in March 2009. Labbe alleges St. Jean told him he was doing “God’s will’’ and used threats to keep him silent. Kevin Donovan, a spokesman for the diocese, said the church had no comment at this time. “We can’t offer any comment on the suit until it’s been reviewed by counsel,’’ Donovan said. He added that he believes St. Jean died in 1982. The lawsuit was filed in Hillsborough Superior Court North. The lawsuit names as defendants the diocese and the Washington, D.C.-based Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate, which first assigned St. Jean to Our Lady of Grace and St. Brendan’s parish in Colebrook in 1958. Labbe’s family was devoutly Catholic, and his father volunteered to drive St. Jean from Our Lady of Grace to St. Brendan’s on Sundays to say Mass. Labbe alleges that St. Jean frequently molested him during these drives in the back seat of his family’s car. The lawsuit contends that the diocese and the Oblates knew or should have known that multiple abuse allegations had been lodged against St. Jean, but continued to give him assignments that put him in contact with children. The suit said the diocese should have known St. Jean was “unfit, dangerous, and a threat the to the health, safety, and welfare of the minors entrusted to his counsel, care, and protection.’’ © Copyright 2010 Globe Newspaper Company. Connect with Boston.com Follow us on @BostonUpdate, other Twitter accounts Boston.com Most EmailedSubscribe to SliceBookmark Boston.com Most Emailed120 MOST E-MAILED » Report: Warrant Issued for Roggie’s Bar Owner Map of Greater Boston Farmers Markets Boston Pops Concert Move Keeps the Beach Boys, Ditches Joey McIntyre We Tried Out Those New Solar Benches New England’s top outdoor water parks Drink of the Week: Mojito Italiano Lawmakers pass compounding pharmacy oversight bill Follow this list on Twitter: @BostonPopular Contact Boston.com Contact The Boston Globe Boston Globe Insiders The Boston Globe Gallery © Boston Globe Media Partners, LLC	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line16
__label__cc	0.599818	0.400182	Special Event ATM Machines Start an ATM Business Permanent Location Placement ATM Machines Air Machine / Vacuum ATM Indusrty News Inside Mastercard’s Journey To Predicting Card Fraud October 4, 2017 ATM Indusrty Newsadmin Fighting payments fraud can be a daunting battle – especially if the battle is waged with reactions. That is, once you’re under siege, protecting data can be a scramble. Or as hockey great Wayne Gretzky once said, it’s important to skate to where the puck is going to be, and not where it has been. That also applies in the ongoing electronic joust against those who aim to steal account data and use it to grab ill-gotten gains. To that end, Mastercard announced on Monday the debut of its Early Fraud Detection System. The service seeks to give issuers advance alerts for cards and accounts that are put at higher risk due to data breaches. As the firm noted in the release, the speed of the early detection is critical in effectively preventing fraud – particularly considering the fact that it takes as few as nine minutes for stolen data to make it to the dark web. The new system offers alerts that come after ferreting out fraud across all channels – “everything from active criminal trading of account data, to identification of cards being tested prior to being used for fraud, to account data that appears at-risk but without sufficient evidence to declare an account data compromise event,” said the company. “This provides issuers with alerts on a much broader set of at-risk accounts, potentially six to 18 months ahead of traditional alerts.” In an interview with PYMNTS’ Karen Webster, Bruce Rutherford, senior vice president of Security Standards & Solutions at Mastercard, said that the early detection system was something Mastercard had been at work on for three years before its official launch. The solution had been piloted through two issuers, one in the U.S. and one in Latin America, and is now available globally with the Wednesday announcement. Looking at the world from a cybersecurity vantage point today, he said, and surveying data compromises and fraud losses, “there is no single silver bullet in all of this.” An effective, layered approach to security is necessary to catch fraud as it occurs and reduce compromises. But the latest Mastercard offering is one that Rutherford said “bridges a gap in the ecosystem,” where analytics-based models give the firm the opportunity to proactively identify what might be at-risk accounts. “We can give issuers advanced early warning about accounts that we believe have been exposed and become fraudulent over a period of time … that is what early detection systems are all about: being predictive and going forward,” said Rutherford. Against that backdrop, Mastercard’s predictive models tap into a variety of data sources that provide a networked view on authorization activities, fraud activity and transaction flows. The company is also monitoring dark web sites where people may be trafficking in card data, selling and utilizing information in order to facilitate fraudulent transactions in the future. Rutherford said that in looking at data breaches, both the reported ones and the ones that have been under the radar, so to speak, “at the end of the day, of those accounts that have been compromised, only about three to five percent actually see fraud occur in them.” Being predictive on risk upfront, so to speak, would be of great value here, the executive said, as it saves costs to all parties involved. He told Webster that when fraud occurs (or is thought to have occurred) and a card is reissued, there is an impact from the perspective of consumer usage. Those cardholders use their cards as much as 40 percent less than they have used the previous card held before the fraud exposure. Webster inquired about what gives a card – from a fraudster’s perspective – more value than another. Rutherford said that cards have different values at different times within the dark web ecosystem. Corporate cards, for example, have (relatively high) spend control amounts and limits in place. Mastercard’s traditional data compromise detection process will continue unabated – identifying possible risk at common points of purchase analysis, confirmation through forensic investigation and then notification of the issuer. “There are signals within the transaction stream that point to increased risk of exposure” when Mastercard begins to see interactions with accounts that may not pass any of what he termed “initial threshold tests” or investigations. But combined with other, data-driven insights, advance risk is identified (and categorized as medium, high or very high risk). A roadmap includes integrating Brighterion from an AI perspective. Layering in the AI component means Mastercard may be able to boost its fraud detection capabilities exponentially as well. Don’t expect the bad guys to be complacent, of course. As Webster noted, the fraudsters do not operate in a vacuum, and are mindful that Mastercard will be out to cut them off at the pass, through these and other efforts. Might this new initiative have an impact on how fraud happens? Said Rutherford, as dark web analytics becomes part of Mastercard’s forward efforts, criminals “may morph and change in their ability to use the dark web over time … we can innovate as well.” ← OKI’s Reforestation Effort Marks Tenth Consecutive Year of Environmental Contributions in Thailand Relief Efforts for Hurricane Irma: How You Can Help →	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line23
__label__wiki	0.571233	0.571233	Beaches and Leisure Facilities Thrilling Places We are sorry. Pets are not allowed in the hotel. Do all rooms have sea view? No, only eight rooms out of eighteen have sea view. Does the hotel have a private parking? No, the hotel has no private parking. The guests can use the public parking (about 50 m away). How far is the ancient theatre of Epidavros (the big one)? The ancient theatre of Epidavros is at a distance of 15 km from the hotel. How far is the small ancient theatre of Epidavros? The small theatre is situated at a 10-minute walk from the hotel only. Where can I find information about the festival? Information about the festival can be found at: www.greekfestival.gr Can I come to the hotel by boat? No, there is no direct line from Piraeus to Epidavros. But private boats can anchor in the harbour. Which is the closest port providing a boat line from Piraeus? Poros and Methana have a boat line from Piraeus. What is the phone number for boat information? Poros: +30 22980 23423 Methana: +30 22980 92580 Is Palaia Epidavros the same village as Archaia Epidavros? Yes, it is. Palaia Epidavros (Old Epidavros) is also named Archaia Epidavros (Ancient Epidavros) How to come by bus from the airport? You must take the X93 bus from the airport to the Kifissos main bus station in Athens (every 35 min.) and then you have two options: a. get on the bus from Athens to Archaia Epidavros either at 08:45 or at 16:20 b. get on a bus to Nafplion (there is a bus every hour) and from Nafplion to Archaia Epidavros Monday-Friday:10:15, 12:00, 14:30 Sunday and public holidays: 10:15 Because the bus schedules are subject to modifications, we advise that you contact the bus station staff before your arrival at the main stations (Athens:+30 210 5122516 Nafplion: +30 27520 27423 and +30 27520 28555) to get confirmation about the schedules. You can also get information at: www.ktelargolida.gr About Epidavros	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line41
__label__wiki	0.801123	0.801123	WBC sues Main Events, Vargas on the eve of his fight! By Scott Shaffer The WBC responded swiftly to a lawsuit filed one week ago Fernando Vargas and his promoter, Main Events. On the eve of Vargas' bout against Francisco Castillejo, the sanctioning body filed a countersuit against both Vargas and Main Events today in federal court in New York. The WBC is being represented by Judd Burstein, who lately has done most of his boxing related work for the WBC's staunch ally, Don King. WBC president Jose Sulaiman issued a press release today in which he said, “I have the highest regard and affection for… Fernando Vargas as a Mexican.” However, the lawsuit filed today indicates he feels otherwise. The WBC claims that Main Events and Vargas defrauded it out of at least $150,000 in sanctioning fees in 2002 when Vargas fought Oscar De La Hoya. Filed under the RICO statute, the lawsuit says Vargas and Main Events accomplished the fraud by underreporting the portion of the boxers’ purses derived from pay-per-view revenues. The suit accuses Main Events of essentially the same conduct for the recent Floyd Mayweather-Arturo Gatti WBC title bout and airs out dirty laundry alleging that Main Event bribed the IBF to get Vargas to the mandatory contender spot early in his career. The lawsuit, filed less than 36 hours before Vargas faces recently stripped Castillejo in Chicago, appears to have been timed to cause maximum disruption in the Vargas camp. Last week, Vargas and Main Events sued the WBC and its president Jose Sulaiman, alleging that the WBC ignored its own rules by refusing to sanction Vargas’ bout against Castillejo for its junior middleweight championship. The WBC stripped Castillejo and allowed two of Don King’s fighters, Ricardo Mayorga and Michelle Piccirillo to contest the vacant title. That lawsuit was filed last week on the eve of the Mayorga-Piccirillo bout and it contained extremely serious allegations that Sulaiman asked promoters to pay sanctioning fees to a family business instead of to the WBC so that attorneys for another boxer would be unable to reach those funds. The lawsuit, which identified bank account numbers and specific payment, alleges that a Sulaiman family business, Controles Graphics, was used to launder money for the WBC. Graciano Rocchigiani had been awarded approximately $30 million in a lawsuit accusing the WBC of stealing his title. The presiding judge in that case, Richard Owen, prohibited the WBC from spending more than $5000 at a time in order to make sure the WBC could not hide its assets. Vargas’ lawsuit accuses the WBC of criminal contempt when the WBC allegedly sent nearly $200,000 to the Japanese Boxing Commission to set up its annual convention. In the weeks to come, there will be plenty of legal skirmishing as the parties argue over whether Judge Owen should be assigned to this lawsuit, and if Burstein has a conflict of interest due to his prior representation of Vargas several years ago. In response to the accusation that Main Event bribed the IBF, Main Events' attorney Pat English issued a denial, saying, “that was a case of the IBF committing extortion. [Former Main Events executive] Dino Duva shouldn’t have paid it but it clearly wasn’t a bribe. Vargas was about to fight in an IBF elimination bout and Bobby Lee [the disgraced, corrupt ex-IBF president] threatened not to honor the elimination if he didn’t pay. Vargas didn’t know about any of it and no action was ever taken against Main Events.”	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line48
__label__wiki	0.668686	0.668686	written By: MedhatAbd El Rahman Ibrahim 09 Oct Along the west bank of the great river "Nile" lies Nasser Lake where Abu Simble Temples the magnificent pharonic monuments are 300 m. far away from Aswan High Dam, Along the east bank of the river there is a large area of land over looking Nasser's Lake, quite, warm and clear sky that Written by: Mostapha Abdel Salam, Translated by: R kamel 21 Sep Sixty-six years ago, specifically on the twenty-fourth of October of the year 1954, the cemeteries of El Alamein were inaugurated, which contain the remains of nearly 20 thousand soldiers, additionally to about 50 thousand names of missing soldiers within the battles that occurred within the city Written by: Marwa Raslan, Translated by: R kamel 08 Sep "Safari" .. is one amongst the kinds of road trips that Egypt is known for round the world, Mary places that are rich in it made it a destination for that sort of tourism, especially as these places combine primitive tranquility and therefore the fragrantness of history, additionally to Written by: Marwa Raslan, Translated by :R kamel 03 Sep Al-Rayan Valley Waterfalls: Habitat for migratory birds and rarer deer For nearly half a century, the Egyptian government decided to create a canal and tunnel through the Western Sahara, eight kilometres long, from the western side of the low-lying Faiyum region, which led to the flow of surplus agricultural wastewater from the Faiyum Oasis to wadi al-Rayyan, creating Wrote by: mostapha abd el-salam, Translated by : R kamel 29 Aug lions Qasr El Nil Bridge: From guarding the Giza Zoo to embellish the oldest bridge on the Nile "They were alleged to stand as guards on the animals of the Giza Zoo, but their breathtaking beauty told Khedive Ismail ali to use them to brighten the oldest bridge on the Nile".. I don't think that anyone in Egypt knows this information, when he started building the bridge	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line61
__label__wiki	0.66863	0.66863	The questions Request copies of your interview Oral History Documents Collect Stories Story Scholars - California Volunteer your professional skills Oral History Student Internship Story Scholars - South Asia Mission & Activities Partition Library The Scandal of Empire: India and the Creation of Imperial Britain Nicholas Dirks Belknap Press From Amazon: Many have told of the East India Company’s extraordinary excesses in eighteenth-century India, of the plunder that made its directors fabulously wealthy and able to buy British land and titles, but this is only a fraction of the story. When one of these men—Warren Hastings—was put on trial by Edmund Burke, it brought the Company’s exploits to the attention of the public. Through the trial and after, the British government transformed public understanding of the Company’s corrupt actions by creating an image of a vulnerable India that needed British assistance. Intrusive behavior was recast as a civilizing mission. In this fascinating, and devastating, account of the scandal that laid the foundation of the British Empire, Nicholas Dirks explains how this substitution of imperial authority for Company rule helped erase the dirty origins of empire and justify the British presence in India. The Scandal of Empire reveals that the conquests and exploitations of the East India Company were critical to England’s development in the eighteenth century and beyond. We see how mercantile trade was inextricably linked with imperial venture and scandalous excess and how these three things provided the ideological basis for far-flung British expansion. In this powerfully written and trenchant critique, Dirks shows how the empire projected its own scandalous behavior onto India itself. By returning to the moment when the scandal of empire became acceptable we gain a new understanding of the modern culture of the colonizer and the colonized and the manifold implications for Britain, India, and the world. Explore on Google Books Find at closest library using WorldCat Home \| FAQ \| Contact us \| Terms of Use \| Copyright © 2011 - 2020 The 1947 Partition Archive. All rights reserved.	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line62
__label__wiki	0.65654	0.65654	Burlesque [Blu-ray] – Cher and Christina Aguilera February 24, 2011 What Gift? Gifts for Movie Lovers, Gifts for Women, Gifts Under 25$ Burlesque [Blu-ray] – Cher and Christina Aquilera There is, according to Burlesque, a nightclub on the Sunset Strip that looks like a blend of Cabaret and Moulin Rouge andemploys a full contingent of dancers and musicians in the service of a neo-retro-burlesque-blues program. Presiding over the craziness within is Tess, a grande dame who also performs occasionally and who could only, under these circumstances, be played by Cher. Entering the scene is a young leather-lunged hopeful from Iowa named Ali, played by Christina Aguilera in her movie-acting debut. The vibe of this glitzy concoction is more Flashdance than Showgirls, despite prerelease predictions that the film would be a campfest of epic proportions. In fact, it’s more cornball than trashy. Ali hits most of the clichés of the genre: defying Tess’s skepticism by proving her mettle during an impromptu stage number; flirting with the nice-guy bartender (Cam Gigandet, of Twilight) whose home she shares for a while, in a purely platonic way, of course, just until she gets her feet on the ground; and keeping a wary eye on the high roller (Eric Dane, of Grey’s Anatomy) who wants to possess her, because, you see, he takes whatever he likes. And did we mention that Tess is facing foreclosure on the club in a month’s time? Seriously, you didn’t see that coming? Writer-director Steve Antin has no embarrassment about putting any of this across, which may be why it all feels weirdly innocent, if relentlessly silly. Stanley Tucci revives his gay assistant from The Devil Wears Prada, Alan Cumming lurks about in an undefined role that might well have been filmed months after everybody else, and Kristen Bell enjoys a few wicked-witch moments as Ali’s main rival. Aguilera, needless to say, belts out her songs as only someone with a very large voice can, and Cher stops the show with an old-fashioned torch song (“You Haven’t Seen the Last of Me”) that is clearly designed as a roof-raiser. (And, by gum, it works.) This is a ridiculous movie, but it gets points for never claiming to be anything else. blu-ray burlesque cher christina aguilera dancing movie Gift Books Ideas: Bestselling Books Gift Ideas Gold Pear Shaped Light Amethyst and Diamond-Accent Heart Pendant Multi Color Swarovski Crystal Silver Bracelet VillaWare Crepe Maker Smart Stick Hand Blender	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line65
__label__wiki	0.890292	0.890292	[ SkipToMainMenu ] Senator Don Plett, Leader of the Opposition About About Open About ABOUT SENATOR PLETT About Senators My work My work Open My work The Canada Prompt Payment Act Articles and Speeches Conservative Caucus OPINION: Trudeau Government's Summer Jobs Grant Application Requirement is Discrimination Published in "The Carillon", March 10, 2018. In January of this year, I wrote a letter to Minister Patty Hajdu regarding the Government’s discriminatory Summer Jobs Grant program requirement. Perhaps not surprisingly, the Minister has not yet responded. The mandatory attestation is discrimination in every sense of the word. For a church, religious organization, or any organization, for that matter, to have to explicitly assert in the application that they support, among other things, “women’s… Feds Response to Churchill is Obstruction In May, the only land link connecting Churchill with the rest of Canada was washed out by a once-in-200-year flood. The damage to the Hudson Bay Railway was, by any measure, catastrophic. The loss of the rail line has left northern Manitoba communities stranded, without access to affordable food, fuel and other critical supplies. By all accounts, Churchill and its people have been ignored by those who have the power and the duty to protect it; cast adrift to fend for itself. It is a disaster that has been conveniently ignored by the Liberal government. It has become patently clear that the prime minister is turning his back and thumbing his nose at this vulnerable and isolated population... Anti-Christian Bigotry has Become Politically Acceptable We, as a society, have come a long way when it comes to protecting our citizens from discrimination. Earlier this year, Quebec's proposed ban on religious symbols was squashed, and just recently, an NBA team owner was banned from the association for life and fined $2.5 million for making racist comments. We truly have come a long way, especially considering where we came from. Prominent Canadian universities used to impose strict quotas on Jewish students in the 1930s and '40s, and many law schools and medical schools would require higher marks from Jewish students. Some law firms and hospitals would simply deny their applications. Until the 1960s, Mount Sinai Hospital in Toronto was denied status as a teaching hospital... Senator Plett on YouTube Senator Plett on Facebook Senator Plett on Twitter [ copyright ]	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line66
__label__wiki	0.610614	0.610614	FierceMedicalImaging Care Delivery Models Quality Improvement & Outcomes Regulatory & Risk Management Cover expensive specialty drugs without breaking the bank Medical costs are everyone's responsibility (including mine) Timeline: Key healthcare deadlines for 2014 and beyond Arkansas Health Connector's Cynthia Crone on overcoming exchange barriers CCIIO Director Gary Cohen looks ahead to 2015 exchange landscape Healthcare fraud alert: 7 Trends to watch Aetna combats chronic conditions, med non-adherence with mHealth CEO payouts at 8 largest health insurers We need more accurate information about healthcare reform December 17, 2013 \| By Dina Overland Despite all the attention the federal health insurance exchange website, HealthCare.gov, has received, confusion and misinformation abounds. Just the other day, my mother-in-law called me based on some news coverage she watched on TV. The reporter in the news segment said that everyone in America is required to have insurance under healthcare reform. Although that's technically true, it's a confusing and misleading statement. My in-laws are both retired and already have health coverage through my father-in-law's old employer. They don't have to change a thing under the healthcare reform law, unless they want to. But if they're happy with their health plan--which they are--then there's no need for action. The situation would, of course, be very different if my in-laws had received a notice of cancellation from their insurer. But fortunately for them, their plan already complies with the reform law's essential health benefits, making it available for them to continue receiving coverage. I love my mother-in-law dearly, but she's a classic example of the American healthcare consumer. She has followed the news about the reform law in general, but isn't aware of any of the specifics. And, more importantly, she can't parse out truths from exaggerations or even downright misstatements. Fortunately for my mother-in-law, she has one amazing family member who dedicates her work days to reading about and reporting on the reform law and all its requirements. With one quick and easy call to me, she was able to discern the accuracy of the news report, plus she chatted with her granddaughter, to boot. Not a bad combo. But others aren't in a similar situation. To avoid countless misinterpretations of the law, they need to be reached out to in a clear and concise manner. What's more, 47 percent of uninsured consumers--the exact people the reform law was created to help--say they don't know where to turn for information on the law. How can we get better information to this population group? We are a nation plugged into our phones, TVs and computers practically 24/7. How is it possible that we're failing to reach enough people to communicate with them? Plenty of insurers are taking action, such as Independence Blue Cross's retail on wheels effort and UnitedHealth's 10-minute guide to health reform. But other insurers have opted to not even talk about the reform law or the exchanges in their TV commercials. And of the insurers that have addressed reform, a wide variation in marketing strategies exists--some hope to spread the word about exchanges to recruit millions of new members, while others fear the politically-charged reform law and exchanges is too controversial and unpopular. The Obama administration also bears some responsibility in failing to provide accurate information to the public amid the glitch-filled exchange rollout. It's understandable that with all the political fighting surrounding the exchanges, insurers don't necessarily want to jump into the fray and advocate for one side over the other. However, without reform education, insurers could miss out on the huge opportunity of enrolling millions of new consumers through the exchanges. Clearly, something has got to give. Consumers can't sign up for plans if they don't understand their options--or even know those options exist. They can't educate themselves about a topic they're unaware of. Since insurers could be one of the biggest beneficiaries of the exchanges, I would suggest they take the message into their own hands, determining themselves how to frame their messages about exchanges and educate consumers about its advantages. At this point, I don't think it could hurt. - Dina (@HealthPayer) exchange education, exchange outreach, federal health insurance exchange, health reform law, HealthCare.gov Join 30,000+ InsidersSIGN UP FOR OURNEWSLETTER Most payers, providers already shifting to value-based care AHIP Institute 2014: Stop trying to please your members WellPoint: Watson guarantees evidence-based care Private exchanges continue to build momentum AHIP Institute 2014: 'Unleash the power of consumers' THE LIBRARY: WHITEPAPER Redefining Security for the Cloud Fact Sheet \| Sponsored by: Box \| Published on June 3, 2014 Providing high—quality healthcare is a sciencebut securely managing the expanding amount of highly personal healthcare content can be an art. As the already-large volumes of healthcare-related data continue to grow, many organizations are turning to the cloud to store, manage and share data. Download this white paper today and learn more! AHIP Institute: Learn to thrive in consumer-focused world Do frequent authorizations really save money? Encourage pets for member health, cost improvements The unhealthy payer-provider marriage Enable consumer choice when offering narrow networks DIA 2014 50th Annual MeetingJune 15-19 — San Diego, CA — San Diego Convention Center FEATURED ADVISOR Daryl Wansink Director Health Economics Daryl Wansink, Ph.D., has 17 years of experience in the health insurance industry, the last six years with Blue Cross Blue Shield of North Carolina as the director of health economics. His work encompasses both the evaluation of health management programs and the segmentation strategy to engage patients in the programs. Daryl provides analytic support for the design and implementation of provider quality and efficiency programs, such as pay for performance, tiering and quality recognition. He also studies the impact of benefit design on health behavior. Meet all of our editorial advisory board members. ONC staff announcement from Karen DeSalvo AMDIS and CHIME Form Strategic Alliance to Further Adoption and Transformation of Health IT New Report: Many Exchange Plans Burden the Most Vulnerable Patients with High Out-of-Pocket Costs for Vital Medicines MediSafe Wins Fourth Annual Qualcomm QPrize™ Venture Investment Competition IBM Joins Forces with Epic to Bid for Department of Defense Healthcare Management Systems Modernization Contract > Need a job? Need to hire? Visit our jobs site. FierceDiagnostics FierceCIO:TechWatch FierceSmartGrid © 2014 FierceMarkets, a division of Questex Media Group LLC. All rights reserved.	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line73
__label__cc	0.648152	0.351848	Result Release\|UIA-HYP CUP2020International Student Competition in Architectural Competition Topic: City Puzzle & Puzzle City Over the course of the century, there has been an alarming surge in the global urban population.The surprising similarities of modern cities across the planet earth deems it is necessary to consider the impacts of growth on people and on the environment. The analysis and understanding of the interaction between cities, architectures and inhabitants; and how we chose to shape our cities, buildings and public spaces will indeed determine and relate to many other facts that will help determine our approach to future cities. Under such circumstances, it makes people think what shall be the true concern of man in general, and what shall be the concern in architecture profession in particular? This is a question worth pondering. In this year’s UIA-HYP CUP 2020 International Student Competition in Architectural Design, the subject “City Puzzle & Puzzle City” was proposed, aims at searching and constructing human space with a spirit of place, four squared plots were chosen as the competition area, each plot 200 meters by 200 meters. Participants shall design mixed-use buildings per plot for around 8.000-32.000 inhabits in Yangliuqing, Tianjin, P. R. China. With relatively high density, the area’s function shall be focused on Media and Culture, contributing to future urban typologies and stimulating design creativity as well. A total number of 448 works from home and abroad were submitted to participate the competition. The designers gave full play to their design talent, broke through the limitations and bottlenecks of existing urban design development, and interpreted the new city in their eyes from different perspectives. After several hours and multiple rounds of the review, the result was finalized. 1 first prize, 3 second prizes and 8 third prizes and 14 honorable mentions were selected. AWARD-WINNING WORKS The increasing demand for highly mixed urban functions diversifies the building and urban density, which, as a result, symbolizing the Pennant Puzzle liked fun urban place in the city. The varied building density, when integrated with diverse building functions, makes complexes that can cater to varied needs. The uncertainties of city puzzle are challenging people’s understanding of the city, but they also bring endless opportunities and possibilities, creating a puzzle city to be revealed. First Prize Work: Oldcity Pacemaker Students: HUANG Luyao, WANG Jupeng, LIU Jixin, ZHENG Xiaoqi School: Wuhan University of Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Hebei Engineering University, Quanzhou Normal University Adviser: WANG Shiliang, LI Jingyi First Prize Work Oldcity Pacemaker © HUANG Luyao, WANG Jupeng, LIU Jixin, ZHENG Xiaoqi Design Interpretation: The design is based on the narrow streets and low density of the ancient city of Xi'an, trying to transform and innovate the city plan with a new perspective and an unique architectural design method. In terms of residential building design, in order to create a familiar atmosphere for the original residents in a new city, the original urban texture is extract for the design of the new building plans, gray space design and space stacking design are also used to solve the problems caused by the narrow streets. In terms of the city design, according to different groups of people have different needs for the environment and functions, different residential groups are formed according to the original city texture. And each residential group is reasonably distributed on the entire city texture to complete the division of building functions. Comment from the Jury Chairman: Wolf D. Prix, Although the design proposal has a rather conventional way of thinking on urban planning, yet it proposed the possibility for combining both high-density and low-density structures in the city. It shows the possibility how to design a future city, namely offering the potential to implant and increase diversities into the otherwise always mono-functional urban situation. Moreover, the design proposal somehow refers to Yona Friedman's urban planning utopian idea, makes the proposal even more interesting. Second Prize Works and the Design Interpretations Li-long Revival The design consists of modular components which can plug together in any required arrangement. It has 6 modules; Residential Duplex, Residential-Commercial Hybrid, Residential-Cultural Hybrid, Towers, Metro and Farms. The presence of the Towers allow for this rich collective mode of living to occur as they absorb the majority of the population whilst taking up minimal ground space. The farm modules focus on aeroponics and use recycled rainwater. Brick, concrete, steel and glass are the only materials needed to develop these units. The homogeneity of simple materials for easy assembly make these units affordable and viable for mass production which provides a fast and easy solution to the rapid population growth of Shanghai. Concession Cloud Guanlan Antique Market is a special and important historical and geographical node in Shenzhen. Not only is there the only wooden arcade street and alleys in Shenzhen Hakka, but also the unique and social Hakka Street Ancient Ruins in Guangdong. The ancient market survived the drastic changes of the times, surrounded by noisy contemporary commercial districts, forming a "huge and complicated" space that needs to be reintegrated. Due to rapid urbanization, Shenzhen is a very collage place, and the urban-village in Shenzhen is the most typical place for collage. If collage represents a form of freedom, anti-capital, and suitable for growth. Then a continuous and ultimate utopia will be collaged in the Guanlan Ancient Market and the surrounding urban-village area. It is a new drifting network that is malleable and has many public spaces, superimposed on the old spatial order; so it will be a cloud form. We can set the material framework of the spontaneous city (the “building assembly” designed) based on the existing scenarios and relics of Guanlan, given the background environment and opportunities for spontaneous growth (policy, economy, ecology, supplements, etc.); Form a collectively created society. Derived Settlements-Inclined Alley and Folding Houses (10* space) The group planned an urban settlement in the form of local original ancient town settlements with the original subway station as the center. The hollow shape of the settlement group and the overlapping of the short bridge enclose the space atmosphere with special light and shadow effects. Through the changes of concave-convex shape and the combination of space components in the settlement make it a comprehensive derived settlement with photovoltaic panel electricity, hydro-energy self-sufficient system and multifunctional clusters. Third Prize-winning Works The final review meeting was hosted by KONG Yuhang, Dean and Professor of the School of Architecture, Tianjin University. Six international juries joined the final discussion session online and evaluated the final entries with the attending 9 juries on site. After one-hour active discussion, winning works were finally selected. UIA-HYP CUP 2020 International Student Competition City Puzzle & Puzzle City Prize and Award First Prize (1 team) Certificate and 100,000 RMB (approx.15, 000 USD) (before tax); Second Prize (3 teams) Certificate and 30,000 RMB (approx.4, 500 USD) (before tax); Third Prize (8 teams) Certificate and 10,000 RMB (approx. 1, 500 USD) (before tax); Honorable Mentions (several teams) Certificate and 6-month free subscription of UED magazine; Advisors of prize-winning projects will also be awarded with certificates. Hosting Organizations: School of Architecture, Tianjin University, Urban Environment Design (UED) Magazine Co-hosting Organization: The School of Architecture of Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT) Jury Chairman Wolf D. Prix Co-founder, Design Principal and CEO of COOP HIMMELB(L)AU Executive Jury Chairman CUI Kai Academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering; National Engineering Survey and Design Master; Honorary President and Chief Architect of China Architecture Design Group Organizing Committee Chairman KONG Yuhang Dean and Professor of the School of Architecture, Tianjin University ZHUANG Weimin Academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, Domestic Engineering Survey and Design Master; President and Chief Architect of Architectural Design and Research Institute of Tsinghua University Ilaria Valente Dean of the School of Architecture, Polytechnic University of Milan LI Zhenyu Dean, Professor of the College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University Murray Fraser Associate Dean, Professor of University College London (UCL) Bartlett School of Architecture ZHANG Tong Dean, Professor of the School of Architecture, Southeast University Sandra Hofmeister Editor-in-Chief of DETAIL Architecture Magazine SUN Yimin Distinguished Professor of Yangtze River Scholars, Dean and Professor of School of Architecture, South China University of Technology Nieto Sobejano Founder of Nieto Sobejano Arquitectos, Winner of 2015 Alvar Aalto Medal SUN Cheng Dean，Professor of the School of Architecture, Harbin Institute of Technology Founder of Estudio Carme Pinós Chief Editor of Urban Environment Design (UED) Magazine; Guest Professor of the School of Architecture, Tianjin University, Director of CBC (China Building Centre). GONG Jun Chairman of the Board and General Manager of HYP-ARCH Architectural Design Consultant CO., LTD.	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line75
__label__wiki	0.719249	0.719249	Interview with Bud Smith Waddell, Calum (2012) Interview with Bud Smith. In: The Exorcist: Studies in the Horror Film. Centipede Press, pp. 119-124. ISBN 1933618965 Interview with the Academy Award winning film editor Bud Smith for the compendium 'The Exorcist: Studies in the Horror Film'. Film editing, Film Studies, Film production, William Friedkin, Horror Film, Science Fiction Film P Mass Communications and Documentation > P313 Film Production P Mass Communications and Documentation > P303 Film studies College of Arts > Lincoln School of Film & Media > Lincoln School of Film & Media (Film)	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line78
__label__cc	0.565492	0.434508	Emergence of Klebsiella pneumoniae Carbapenemase (blaKPC-2) in members of the Enterobacteriaceae family in Palestine Rawan Liddawi Issa Siryani Raed Ghneim Rula Al-Dawodi Afaf Abu-Diab Riyad Ghneim Madeleine Zoughbi Abed-El-Razeq Issa Randa Al Qass Sultan Turkuman Lucia Corradin Hiyam Marzouqa Musa Yahya Hindiyeh Bethlehem University, Bethlehem Background: The global spread of carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) has limited the physicians’ antimicrobial treatment options of infected patients. CRE’s which carry the Klebsiella pneumonia Carbapenemase (blaKPC) resistance mechanism have been rapidly spreading in many parts of the world, and have been responsible for high patients’ morbidity and mortality. Methods: Two protocols recommended by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) were followed to detect CRE’s in Palestine. In addition, the antimicrobial sensitivity patterns for several antibiotic classes were determined for the isolated CRE’s by the disc diffusion method according to the clinical and laboratory standard institute (CLSI) M100-S22 guidelines. The Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) of the carbapenem, ertapenem, imipenem and meropenem were determined for all the CRE’s by E-test. The isolates β-lactam resistance mechanisms were further investigated by analyzing 31 different types of β–lactamase genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: Four bacterial isolates, 3 Enterobacter cloacae and 1 Klebsiella pneumoniae, were determined to be non-susceptible to one or all of the carbapenems (ertapenem, imipenem and meropenem) tested. All isolates which carried the blaKPC-2 gene showed an extreme drug resistance profile. These isolates were resistant to all β-lactam antibiotics, co-trimoxazole and gentamicin, while susceptible to only amikacin and colistin sulfate. Different combination of plasmid encoded b–lactamase genes (blaTEM, blaSHV, blaOXA-1, blaMIR-1, blaGES-23 and blaKPC-2) were present in these isolates. Of interest, was the isolation of the first E. cloacae strains co-producing the blaKPC-2 and a novel blaGES-23 β-lactamase. Conclusions: The presence of all these plasmid encoded b-lactamase in Palestine is alarming and mandates actions to be taken to control antibiotics usage and the activation of hospital infection control programs in order to prevent the spread of these extremely drug resistant bacteria. LIDDAWI, Rawan et al. Emergence of Klebsiella pneumoniae Carbapenemase (blaKPC-2) in members of the Enterobacteriaceae family in Palestine. The International Arabic Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, [S.l.], v. 2, n. 2, aug. 2012. ISSN 2174-9094. Available at: <http://imed.pub/ojs/index.php/IAJAA/article/view/465>. Date accessed: 16 jan. 2021. blaKPC, blaGES, Carbapenemase, Palestine	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line88
__label__wiki	0.645366	0.645366	How it will feel to wear Google Glass By Pete Pachal, Mashable updated 1:15 PM EST, Wed February 20, 2013 \| Filed under: Innovations Google's Glass headset is capable of taking photos, recording videos, looking up answers on Google and other tasks. Google has posted more information about how its Glass product works Google Glass is a Web-connected wearable headset that can shoot photos or video Commanding the headset is as easy as uttering the words "OK, Glass" Google also launched a contestseeking creative uses for Google Glass (CNN) -- What would it be like to wear Google Glass? Google (CNN) -- What would it be like to wear Google Glass? Googleanswered that very question Wednesday morning, posting a lot more information about Project Glass, including the user interface, through a series of photos and videos. You can see the UI and some of the features of Glass here, although the images don't quite capture the exact experience. The headset doesn't actually have lenses in front of your eyes, just a small screen (viewable via a mirrored glass block) above and to the right of the wearer's right eye. As such, the point-of-view images that show a large action window in the center of the field of view are a little misleading. Still, the photos, posted on Google's Project Glass website, show more about how Glass works than any photo of the hardware could convey. This video shows even more: Commanding the headset is as easy as uttering the words "OK, Glass," a clever use of real-world speech to engage the device's listening mode. Google Glass won't likely be available to consumers until 2014. SEE ALSO: How Google Glass Could Change Advertising Once engaged, Glass is capable of taking photos, recording videos, looking up answers on Google, showing reminders (such as for a flight) and sharing whatever you're looking at — either via messaging or through a Google+ Hangout. As Google co-founder Sergey Brin himself revealed previously, Glass will also have anautomatic picture-taking mode, snapping pics at a preset intervals (such as every 5 seconds). Google also launched a contest with its own hashtag (#ifihadglass), challenging anyone to come up with creative uses for Google Glass that can be explained in 50 words or fewer. Winners will get the chance to buy their own, along with developers, when they become available. The price: $1,500, plus tax. Are you impressed with how Google Glass works? Let us know in the comments. Posted by GeekToGoUSA.com at 11:10 AM 2 comments: 8 Tips & Tricks on Windows 8 Written by Peter J. Bruzzesse infoworld.com \| Feb, 14 2013 Microsoft's forthcoming PC and tablet OS has lots of good stuff for those willing to look We're just a few months away from Windows 8's final release. A new operating system can be overwhelming, and not all the changes and additions will appeal to you, but a lot of good stuff in Windows 8 is getting lost in the complaints about what Windows 8 doesn't do so well. I've found eight cool new features in Windows 8 worth celebrating, and I've found eight tips and tricks to make using Windows 8 even nicer. Plus, there are some keyboard shortcuts and hot-corner capabilities you should know about to make using Windows 8 easier. [ Windows 8 is coming, and InfoWorld can help you get ready with the Windows 8 Deep Dive PDF special report, which explains Microsoft's bold new direction for Windows, the new Metro interface for tablet and desktop apps, the transition from Windows 7, and more. \| Stay abreast of key Microsoft technologies in our Technology: Microsoft newsletter. ] 8 cool new features in Windows 8 First, here are the eight new capabilities I believe you'll quickly warm up to: 1. The charms bar: I'm finding the charms bar (which appears on the right side of the screen if you click or swipe there) to be much more helpful than I'd originally thought. For example, click or tap Settings, then Power to put the computer to sleep. The charms bar has icons for setting preferences, searching, sharing, and switching between the Metro environment and the Windows 7 desktop. 2. Microsoft Store: I love that I can get Metro apps from the store for my PC now just like I do for my Windows Phone. 3. Windows Reader: With this built-in app, I can open a PDF and highlight paragraphs or use the stylus on a tablet to make notes in the file. Speaking of PDFs, you can also bring PDFs into the forthcoming Word 2013 and work with their text in Word. 4. Live syncing: I like that you can log into your Windows Live account when logging onto your PC and have your personalization settings follow you from one device to another (assuming they use the same Live account). 5. Storage spaces: This feature helps to protect you from a drive failure by letting you can pool multiple drives, à la RAID redundancy. 6. File history: This new, simplified way of saving copies of your files lets you get previous versions back if the current file is lost or damaged, similar to OS X's Time Machine utility. 7. The new task manager: The revamped task manager provides a more detailed, more readable view of running processes. Admins and power users will love it. 8. Windows to Go: With the Enterprise Edition of Windows 8, you can put your Windows environment on a USB thumb drive and take it with you for use on any PC compatible with Windows 7 or 8. IT can manage these Windows to Go images via Windows Server. 1. Start screen search: Do you need to find a file or an app fast? Head over to the Metro Start screen and begin typing. Windows will automatically search for what you type and show you the results quickly. There's no need to open a search box. 2. "Power user" menu: Place the cursor in the lower left of the Windows Desktop screen (a hot corner) -- to the left and below any application tiles -- and right-click the thumbnail image that appears. You can now open the new "power user" menu that gives you quick access to some of the most used features in Windows for techies and enthusiasts. Note: You can also press Windows-X to bring up this menu, but there is no touch gesture to invoke it on a tablet. 3. Shutdown and sleep: One of the most confusing aspects to Windows 8 is how to shut it down or put it to sleep. From the charms bar, click or tap Settings, then Power in the pane that appears. You then get options to sleep, shut down, or restart. If you have a physical keyboard, you can also press the traditional Ctrl-Alt-Del to bring up these options. 4. Picture password: On touch-enabled devices, you can choose a picture and a gesture (or mouse movement) you apply on it to be your password. To set that picture password, choose Settings in the charms bar, click or tap Change PC Settings, and select Users in the pane that appears. From the charms bar, select Settings > Change PC Settings > Users, followed by Create a Picture Password. 5. Show admin applications on the Metro Start screen: In the Metro Start screen, open the charms bar, click or tap Settings, and select Tiles. Move the Show Administrative Tools switch from No to Yes. Now, your Metro Start screen has tiles for all those admin apps! 6. Organize Metro Start screen tiles into groups: You can "semantic zoom" (using a pinch gesture on screen or mouse pad, or using your trackball) out of your normal Smart Screen to view all app groups. You can move your groups around as a block. Right-click the block and give your groups a name. 7. See what's running: From the Windows 7 Desktop, press Windows-Tab to see what apps are running. For more details, press Ctrl-Shift-Escape, and select More Details for an improved view. 8. Get the Start orb back: There's no built-in way in Windows 8 to get this missing feature, which makes it a lot harder to access commonly used applications in Windows 8. (Tip: Pin those apps to the Windows 7 Desktop's task bar so that you can open them from there.) Or download Stardock's free Start8 utility to get a Start orb. Windows 8 keyboard shortcuts and hot corners you should know Working faster usually involves some kind of shortcut. Windows 8 provides a bunch of shortcuts using the Windows key (which means you need a physical keyboard to enter them), as well as hot corners you can click with a mouse that make other features available. Here are the essential shortcuts: Windows: Pressing just this key toggles among the Metro Start screen, the last-run Metro app, and the Windows 7 Desktop. Windows-C: Displays the charms bar. Windows-D: Launches the Windows 7 Desktop. Windows-E: Launches the Windows 7 Explorer. Windows-F: Opens the File Search pane. Windows-H: Opens the Share pane. Windows-I: Opens the Settings pane. Windows-K: Opens the Devices pane. Windows-L: Locks the PC. Windows-Q: Opens the global search utility. Windows-1, Windows-2, and Windows-3: Open the first, second, and third open apps on the Windows 7 taskbar, respectively. If you hover the mouse over or right-click the four corners of the screen (called hot corners), you get these quick-access options: Lower left and upper left: This shows a thumbnail preview of the Metro Start screen, the last-opened Metro app, or the Windows 7 Desktop; click the thumbnail to switch to the item. If you scroll down from the upper-left corner's thumbnail or up from the lower-left corner's thumbnail, a pane appears with all open Metro apps, the Windows 7 Desktop, and the Metro Start screen; click the desired thumbnail to open its item. Upper right and lower right: These hot corners open the charms bar. On a touchscreen PC or tablet, you can accomplish the same functions that the hot corners provide via a mouse. For example, slide one finger from the left side of the screen to switch to the next open application, the Windows 7 Desktop, or the Metro Start screen (whatever Windows 8 sees as "next" in its list of running apps). To see the thumbnails of those running apps, slide your finger to the right from the left edge; when the thumbnail for the "next" app appears, slide to the left until your finger approaches the screen edge. Just don't release your finger when doing the motion reversal! To open the charms bar, slide one finger to the left from the right side of the screen. There are certainly many more features in, as well as tips and tricks for, Windows 8. I'll share those as Windows 8 nears and is released, building on the essentials revealed here. Posted by GeekToGoUSA.com at 12:22 PM No comments: Google's private jets could get $US82m complex Salvador Rodriguez Mineta San Jose International Airport officials announced their plans to recommend the approval of an $US82 million facility, shown in this rendering, that would be used by Google and other companies in Silicon Valley. Photo: San Jose International Mineta San Jose International Airport officials are urging the city to approve construction of an $US82million ($79.5m) facility that would house jets flown by Google executives. The proposed 29-acre facility would sit on the airport's west side and accommodate Google's and other clients' jets. It would be developed and managed by Signature Flight Support. The facility would include an executive terminal, hangars, ramp space and aircraft servicing facilities. Another rendering of the hangar. Photo: San Jose International According to a San Jose Mercury News story, Google's top three executives have at least eight jets, including a twin-aisle Boeing 767 passenger jet that is commonly used by airlines for transcontinental flights. Airport officials said they are recommending approval of the facility because it would help pump up the local economy and the airport. If the facility is built, Signature Flight Support would pay the airport $US2.6 million each year and $US400,000 in annual fuel fees, according to a release by the airport. Additionally, the project would create 36 permanent jobs and 150 to 200 temporary construction jobs. An additional 370 direct and indirect jobs would be created as a result of the project. The airport estimated that the facility would generate $US70,000 in taxes annually in its early years and more than $US300,000 on its fifth year and beyond. Google Street View adds 250,000 miles of roadways By Doug Gross, CNN updated 3:37 PM EDT, Thu October 11, 2012 \| Filed under: Web Taroko Gorge, in the Taroko National Park in Taiwan, was part of 250,000 miles added to Google's Street View in an update. (CNN) -- With fallout still swirling from Apple's decision to replace Google Maps with its own mobile mapping, Google on Thursday announced the biggest upgrade ever to its Street View tool. The update adds more than 250,000 miles of roadways in 17 countries, said Ulf Spitzer, Google's Street View program manager, in a blog post Thursday. The Street View feature on Google Maps lets users see a real-world, 360-degree view of locations. Showcasing Google's global reach, the new coverage areas include parts of Macau, Singapore, Sweden, Thailand, Taiwan, Italy, Great Britain, Denmark, Norway, Canada and the United States. Since launching in 2007, Google Street View had captured 20 petabytes of data in 48 countries. The company uses cars, trikes, snowmobiles and people outfitted with custom cameras to capture 360-degree images around the world. In the new update, Google also added a spate of "special collections" to the feature, providing virtual tours of attractions around the globe. "Street View, as you know, is a useful resource when you're planning a route or looking for a destination, but it can also magically transport you to some of the world's picturesque and culturally significant landmarks," Spitzer said. The new spots include Catherine Palace and Ferapontov Monastery in Russia, Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall in Taiwan and Stanley Park in Vancouver. Google Maps has been on the minds of many since Apple decided to replace it as the default mapping system on iOS 6, the latest version of its mobile operating system. The update coincided roughly with the release of the iPhone 5, meaning millions saw the new product for the first time after getting their new phones. Early reviews have not been kind. Apple's mapping software has been a spotty mess, missing huge chunks of the globe and, at times, placing notable landmarks in the wrong place, sometimes humorously so. The release was bad enough that Apple CEO Tim Cook issued a rare apology, saying in an open letter that Apple is "extremely sorry for the frustration this has caused" and promising to improve the feature. Google has been officially silent on whether it plans to release a new Google Maps app for iOS 6, which runs on iPhones, iPads and iPods. Reports suggest that it's doing so, but there's no guarantee Apple would approve it. In the past, the company has turned down apps that it deemed compete with its own features. That's a fact Google CEO Eric Schmidt acknowledged Wednesday, speaking at an All Things Digital conference, where he declined to confirm that a new version of maps is in the works for Apple mobile devices. "Apple should have kept our maps," Schmidt said, according to GigaOM. Posted by GeekToGoUSA.com at 9:52 AM No comments: 7 Ways to Dress Up Your Company's Facebook Page By Eric Geier , PCWorld PCWorld's Facebook page without custom tabs (upper left) and with tabs added (lower right)Facebook can be a great marketing tool and communications outlet, but there is only so much that you can say in brief status updates and plain-text fields on your About page. If you really want to put Facebook to work for your business, you'll need to explore the option of adding tabs—clickable images of extra pages—to your profile. Done creatively, tabs encourage visitor engagement and showcase your content. They let you post quizzes and polls, and they can display your content from other social networks, such as Twitter and Pinterest. 1. Iframe AppsIf you lack the coding skills to create custom tabs using Facebook's development platform, the following Facebook apps can help. Some enable you to apply fully customized Web pages as additional tabs—a great way to add content about your products, services, and company culture. The IFrame App is among the simplest for dressing up your Facebook presence.Iframe Apps is one of the simplest custom tab wizards, letting you add two tab pages to your Facebook Page. You can either specify an existing URL or insert text and HTML to display on your custom tab, and define a specific frame height to fit the length of your content. The "fan gate" feature lets you display an image or custom text to encourage visitors to “like” you before viewing the main content. Keep in mind, though, that to insert HTML code with images or videos you’ll need to upload the files elsewhere since Iframe Apps doesn’t offer online storage. The free service displays its logo on your page footer. The premium services, starting at $9.90 per month after a free 7-day trial, allow you to remove ads. 2. FanBuildr Hosted iFrame offers a WSIWYG editor.FanBuildr is a more advanced app that lets you add up to ten tab pages to your Facebook Page. The free service is available to all pages with 25,000 fans or less, and shows a small promo on the footer of your custom tab page. Its premium services, starting at $5 per month, remove ads and let you create unlimited tabs. When inserting your text or code for the custom tab, you can define different content to display to visitors, depending on whether they "like" your page. A WYSIWYG editor lets you format text and add links or images, with both code and visual views. You can upload up to 25MB worth of files per page—or 250MB and beyond if you subscribe to the premium services. You can also enter your Google Analytics code to track traffic to your Facebook tab. 3. Static Iframe Tab Check out Static Iframe Tab for adding 20 or more tabs.The Static Iframe Tab from Wooboxlets you add over 20 tabs to your Facebook page. The basic functionality is free, and free of Woobox branding. What do you want to display on a tab? You can choose a URL, an image, or HTML code. You can also specify a nonfan page source. A WSIWYG editor enables formatting and edits, letting you switch between the code and visual view. The free service includes visitor analytics to display stats for page views, visits, and likes, segmented both by fans and nonfans who view your tab. Their premium services, starting at $10 per month, allow you to limit access to the tab page—for instance, you can require users either to fill out a form or to have a certain number of Facebook friends who like your page. 4. Extended Info Extended Info lets you add a tab that’s similar to and alongside the usual About page, but with more details—so you can display things, such as products, with text, HTML code, or videos. You can organize the content via bulleted, numbered, or paragraph lists, each with a custom heading name. 5. Twitter Tab App Extend your tweets to Facebook with Woobox.Need to publicize your Twitter presence to your Facebook fan base? This free app from Woobox adds a tab to your Facebook Page displaying your Twitter Profile and Tweets, with a small ad link on the bottom of the tab. In the Twitter tab settings you can choose to display all tweets or only those containing a given search term. You can also optionally hide Tweets that start with @ and hide your Twitter profile background. Additionally, you can enable the fan gate so only Facebook users who “Like” you can see your Twitter tab. 6. Pinterest Tab Here's a great way to share your Pinterest content to Facebook users who aren’t on Pinterest. This free app, also from Woobox, puts a tab on your Facebook Page showcasing your Pinterest boards and pins, with only a small ad on the bottom. Facebook visitors can browse your Pin boards, and click on them to view your Pins inside your Facebook tab page. When they click on a Pin it opens a new browser window to the Pin on Pinterest. You can choose to have your Pin tab show all or only select Pin boards—and enable Facebook Like & Send buttons on Pins, to encourage visitors' sharing to their Facebook friends. The Fan Gate feature allows only Facebook users who "like" you to see your Pinterest tab. 7. Fan Appz This free platform helps you add content and analyze your Twitter and Facebook traffic. Fan Appz lets you post updates to both social sites at once, target specific countries and languages, schedule posts in advance, and create and publish quizzes and polls. Image-based polls let you give users a list of images—maybe of your products—and they can share their preferred top five. The premium services, designed for larger fan pages, let you create and publish promotions, including special offers, sweepstakes, challenges, and rewards. You can create a gift store and games, and manage your Places and Events. You’d also be able to view the analytics of your posts, engagements, and promotions—all with support for Google Analytics. Eric Geier is a freelance tech writer. He’s also the founder of NoWiresSecurity, which provides a cloud-based Wi-Fi security service for businesses, and On Spot Techs, which provides on-site computer services.	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line91
__label__cc	0.545871	0.454129	Башня управления Comparative review of portable microwave devices Arinst vs Anritsu Started by Kitdze, August 15, 2019 arinst 2 posts in this topic Kitdze 39 An independent review was conducted to test two of the compact radio frequency measuring instruments developed by the company, Kroks. The devices consist of a spectrum analyzer with a built-in signal generator and a vector network analyzer (reflectometer). Both devices cover a wide frequency range from 35 (23 for reflectometer) MHz to 6.2 GHz. My objective was to determine the utility value of these meters, and to better understand the manufacturer’s comment that the device is intended for amateur radio use, since it is not a professional measuring tool. The word “amateur” hints that the devices may be closer to a display meter as opposed to a comprehensive measurement device. It should be noted that these tests were conducted as an amateur user who would lack a thorough understanding of metrological studies of measuring instruments, or the basis of the standards of the state registry and related subjects. Radio amateurs are more interested in looking at comparative measurements of devices that are often used in practice (i.e., antennas, filters, attenuators), as opposed to theoretical “abstractions” commonly explored in metrology (i.e., mismatched loads, inhomogeneous transmission lines, or short-circuit lines). To avoid the influence of interference in the comparative measurement of antennas, an anechoic chamber or open space is required. In view of the absence of the first, measurements were taken outdoors. All antennas with directional radiation patterns “looking” into the sky were mounted on a tripod to avoid displacement in space when changing instruments. Low quality, Chinese-made adapters were not used due to the frequent lack of repeatability of contact during reconnection, as well as the shedding of the subpar antioxidant coating used instead of the usual gilding ... To obtain equal comparative conditions, the instruments were calibrated with the same set of OSL calibrators before each measurement, in the same frequency band and current temperature range. OSL is “Open”, “Short”, “Load”, which is a standard set of calibration measures: “open measure”, “short circuit measure” and “matched load 50.0 Ohm”, which are usually calibrated vector network analyzers. For the SMA format, the Anritsu 22S50 calibration kit was used and normalized in the frequency range from DC to 26.5 GHz, a link to the datasheet (49 pages): https://www.testmart.com/webdata/mfr...COMPONENTS.pdf For calibration of the N type format, respectively Anritsu OSLN50-1, normalized from DC to 6 GHz. The measured resistance at the coordinated load of the calibrators was 50 ± 0.02 Ohm. The measurements were carried out with proven, precision laboratory-grade multimeters from HP and Fluke. To ensure optimal accuracy and equal conditions in comparative tests, a similar bandwidth of the IF filter was installed on the devices--the narrower the band, the higher the measurement precision and the signal-to-noise ratio. The largest number of scan points (closest to 1000) was also selected. A link to the illustrated, factory set of instructions, will help to better understand the functions of the reflectometer: http://arinst.net/files/Manual_Vector_reflectometer_Arinst_VR_23-6200_ENG.pdf Before each measurement, all mating surfaces in coaxial connectors (SMA, RP-SMA, N type) were carefully checked, since at frequencies above 2-3 GHz, the cleanliness and condition of the antioxidant surface of these contacts begins to have a rather noticeable effect on the measurement results and stability their repeatability. It is very important to keep the outer surface of the central pin clean in the coaxial connector, and the inner surface of the collet mating with it in the mating half. All the same is true for “braided” contact. Such control and necessary cleaning is usually possible under a microscope, or under a high magnification lens. It is also important to prevent the presence of crumbled metal chips on the surface of the insulators in the mating coaxial connectors, because they begin to introduce a stray capacitance, significantly interfering with the performance and signal transmission. An example of a typical metallic clogging of SMA connectors that are not visible to the naked eye: According to the factory requirements of manufacturers of microwave coaxial connectors with a threaded type of connection, when connecting, it is NOT possible to allow the central contact of the collet entering it to be turned. To do this, it is necessary to hold the axial base of the screw-on half of the connector, allowing rotation of only the nut itself, and not the entire screw-on structure. This significantly reduces scratching and other mechanical wear of the mating surfaces, providing better contact and extending the number of switching cycles. Unfortunately, few amateurs are aware of this procedure or the damages caused by scratching the already thin layer of the contact’s working surfaces. This is evidenced by the large number of YouTube videos from the so-called "testers" of new microwave equipment. In this test review, all the numerous connections of the coaxial connectors were made strictly in compliance with the above operational requirements. In comparative tests, several different antennas were measured to check the reflectometer readings throughout different frequency ranges. Comparison of the 7-element Uda-Yagi antenna of the 433 MHz band (LPD) Antennas of this type always have a rather pronounced back lobe, as well as several side lobes. To maintain the purity of tests, all environmental conditions of immobility were especially observed--up to locking the cat in the house—while photographing the different display modes. This will assure there is no movement that ends up in the coverage area of the black lobe, thereby introducing indignation into the graph. The figures contain photos of four modes from three devices. The top image is from the VR 23-6200, the center from the Anritsu S361E, and the bottom from the GenCom 747A. VSWR Charts: Charts of the return loss: Volpert-Smith Impedance Charts: Phase graphs: As reflected in the images, the test graphs are very similar, and the measurement values have a dispersion within 0.1% of the error. 1.2 GHz coaxial dipole comparison VSWR: Return Loss: Volpert-Smith Chart: Likewise, and according to all three devices, the measured resonance frequency of this antenna were within 0.07%. 3-6 GHz horn antenna comparison An extension cable with N-type connectors were used which slightly introduced a non-uniformity in the measurements. The task was simply to compare the devices--not the cable or antenna. If there was a problem in the path, then the devices should show it accordingly. Calibration of the measuring plane taking into account the adapter and feeder: VSWR in the band from 3 to 6 GHz: Comparison of the circular polarization antenna of the 5.8 GHz band Comparative measurement of VSWR of the Chinese LPF filter 1.4 GHz Filter appearance: Comparative feeder length measurement (DTF - Distance to fault) I decided to measure a new coaxial cable, with N type connectors: Manually measured 3 meters 5 centimeters with a mechanical meter. The devices showed: Here, as they say, comments are superfluous. Comparison of accuracy of the built-in tracking generator On this gif picture, 10 photos of the readings of the frequency meter CH3-54 are collected. The upper halves of the pictures - the readings of the test VR 23-6200. The lower halves - signals from an Anritsu reflectometer. Five frequencies were chosen for the test: 23, 50, 100, 150 and 200 MHz. If Anritsu served the frequency with zeros in the lower digits, then compact VR served with a slight excess, numerically increasing with increasing frequency: Although according to the technical characteristics of the manufacturer, this cannot be a “minus”, since it does not go beyond the declared two categories after the decimal sign. Pictures collected in a gif about the internal "decoration" of the device: The advantages of the VR 23-6200 are its low cost, portable compactness with full autonomy which does not require an external display from a computer or smartphone, and its fairly wide frequency range displayed in the marking. This is not a scalar meter, but a fully-fledged vector meter. As demonstrated from the results of comparative measurements, VR is somewhat equivalent to the larger, reputable and expensive devices. In situations that require climbing onto the roof (or mast) to clarify the condition of the feeders and antennas, its compact size makes it preferable over a large and heavier apparatus. FPV racing equipment (radio-controlled flying multicopter and airplanes, with on-board video broadcasting to glasses or displays) using the 5.8GHz frequency bands could benefit largely from this meter for selecting the optimal antenna (from a collection) or reconfiguring (straightening and/or adjusting) an existing antenna damaged following a crash. The “pocket-sized,” meter with its low end weight (which can easily hang on a thin feeder), makes the device convenient for many field applications. Small cons are also noticeable: 1) The greatest operational drawback of the VR 23-6200 is the inability to quickly find the minimum or maximum markers on the chart, not to mention the search for the “delta”, or the auto-search for subsequent (or previous) minima / maxima. The LMag and SWR modes also lack a marker management capability that is often useful. The marker must be activated in the corresponding menu and manually moved to the minimum of the curve in order to calculate the frequency and magnitude of the SWR at that point. Perhaps the manufacturer will add this function in a subsequent firmware update. 1 a) The meter appears not know how to reassign the desired display mode for markers when switching between measurement modes. For example, I switched from VSWR mode to LMag (Return Loss), and the markers still show the value of VSWR, while logically they should display the magnitude of the reflection modulus in dB, that is, what the currently selected graph shows. The same is true in all other modes. In order to read the values corresponding to the selected chart in the marker table, it is necessary to manually reassign the display mode for each of the 4 markers. It seems to be a trifle, but I would like to see some “automatism”. 1 b) In the most popular VSWR measurement mode, the amplitude scale cannot be switched to a more detailed one, less than 2.0 (for example, 1.5, or 1.3). 2) There is a small feature in inconsistent calibration as if always “open”, or in “parallel” calibration. That is, there is no sequential ability to record a calibrator measure readout, as is customary on other VNA devices. In the calibration mode the device successively prompts itself which one the (next) calibration measures should be installed and reads it out for accounting. ARINST, at the same time, grants the right to choose all three clicks of the measure record which imposes an increased requirement of attention from the operator when carrying out the next calibration stage. The need to press a button that does not correspond to the end of the currently connected calibrator may be confusing for some users and introduces the possibility of making an error. Perhaps in subsequent firmware upgrades, the creators of such an open "parallelism" of choice, "changes" the same in the "sequence", to exclude a possible error from the operator. After all, it is no accident that large instruments used precisely a clear sequence of actions for calibration measures to exclude such an error from confusion. 3) Very narrow calibration temperature range. If after calibration, Anritsu is provided with a range (for example) from +18°С to +48°С, then on Arinst it is only ±3°С from the calibration temperature, which may be small during field work (outdoors), in the sun, or in the shadows. For example: when calibrated after lunch and working with measurements until the evening, the sun has gone, the temperature has dropped and the readings are now inaccurate. A stop message should pop up stating the need to “recalibrate due to going beyond the temperature range of the previous calibration”. Instead, erroneous measurements begin with a biased zero, which significantly affects the measurement result. For comparison, here's how the Anritsu reflectometer reports this: 4) The room is normal, but for an open area a very dim display. On a sunny day, nothing is readable on the street, even if you shade the screen with your palm. Display brightness adjustment is not provided at all. 5) I have the desire to solder the hardware buttons to others, since some do not respond immediately after being pressed. 6) The touchscreen in some places is unresponsive, while in other places too sensitive. Conclusions on the VR 23-6200 Reflectometer Overlooking the few minuses when compared with other budget, portable and freely available solutions on the market (i.e., RF Explorer, N1201SA, KC901V, RigExpert, SURECOM SW-102, NanoVNA…) the Arinst VR 23-6200 appears to be the valued choice—due to the expensive pricing schemes of other devices, their non-universal and limited frequency bands, and a toy-like display screen. Despite the modesty low price, the VR 23-6200 vector reflectometer turned out to be a surprisingly decent and portable device. If the manufacturers had modified the minuses in it and slightly expanded the lower frequency edge for short-wave radio enthusiasts, this device would occupy the global sector podium and offering affordable coverage from 2 MHz for SW (160 meters) up to 5.8 GHz for FPV (5 centimeters) --preferably without gaps in the entire strip as shown in the RF Explorer example: We will most likely see cheaper solutions in the future to accommodate the wide range of frequencies. At the time of this review (July-August 2019), I believe this Arinst reflectometer to be the best portable, non-expensive, and commercially available devices in the global marketplace. - Part two Spectrum Analyzer with Tracking Generator SSA-TG R2 The second device is no less interesting than the vector reflectometer. It allows you to measure "through" the parameters of various microwave devices in the mode of 2-port measurements (type S21). For example, you can test the performance and accurately measure the gain of boosters, amplifiers, or the amount of signal attenuation (loss) in attenuators, filters, coaxial cables (feeders), and other active and passive devices and modules, which cannot be done with a single-port reflectometer. This is a full spectrum analyzer, in a very wide and continuous frequency range, which is far from common among inexpensive amateur equipment. There is an additional built-in tracking generator of radio frequency signals (also in a wide range) and a help to the vector reflectometer and antenna meter. This allows to check for carrier frequency deviations in the transmitters, spurious intermodulation, clippings and others. The inclusion of a tracking generator and a spectrum analyzer when adding an external directional coupler (or bridge), makes it possible to measure the same VSWR antenna--though only in the scalar measurement mode--without taking into account the phase, as it would be on the vector one. Link to factory instructions: This device was mainly compared with the combined measuring complex GenCom 747A, with a limit on the upper frequency to 4 GHz. In addition, a new power meter of the precision class Anritsu MA24106A participated in the tests, with correction tables wired at the factory for the measured frequency and temperature, normalized to 6 GHz in frequency. Own noise shelf of the spectrum analyzer, with a matched “dummy” at the input: A minimum of -85.5 dB (with Att -20dB) was in the region of the LPD (426 MHz). Further, with increasing frequency, the noise threshold also increases slightly, which is quite natural: 1500 MHz - 83.5 dB. 2400 MHz - 79.6 dB. At 5800 MHz - 66.5 dB. Measurement of the gain of the active Wi-Fi booster, based on the XQ-02A module A feature of this booster is an automatic switch that, when supplied, does not immediately keep the amplifier in the on state. Experimentally sorting out the attenuators on a large device, we managed to locate the threshold for turning on the built-in automation. It turns out that the booster switches to the active state and begins to amplify the transmitted signal only if it is more than minus 4 dBm (0.4 mW): For this test, the small device simply did not have the output level of the built-in generator, which has an adjustment range documented in the technical specifications from minus 15 dBm to minus 25 dBm. It is already minus 4 dBm which is much greater than minus 15 dBm. Yes, it is possible to use an external amplifier but the task would be different. With a large device, I measured the gain of the “switch on” booster which turned out to be 11 dB in accordance with the performance characteristics. The small device then managed to find out the amount of attenuation on the “off” booster with the power supplied. It turned out that a de-energized booster 12,000 times attenuated the transmitted signal to the antenna. For this reason, once flying and forgetting to supply power to the external booster in a timely manner, the long-range hexacopter flying 60-70 meters stopped and switched to auto-return to the take-off point. There was then a need to know the magnitude of the pass through attenuation of the turned off amplifier. It turned out to be about 41-42 dB. 1-3500 MHz noise generator A simple amateur-made noise generator, Chinese production. A linear comparison of readings in dB is somewhat inappropriate in view of the constant change in amplitude at different frequencies which is caused by the very nature of the noise. Nevertheless, both devices managed to find very similar, comparative graphs of the frequency response: Here the frequency range on the devices were set equally, from 35 to 4000 MHz. As for the amplitude, one can see quite similar values are obtained. Feed-through frequency response (measurement S21), LPF 1.4 filter This filter was discussed in the first half of the review. There it measured the VSWR. Here, the frequency response of the transmission is clearly visible to include what attenuation is missed, as well as where and how much is cut. Here it is shown in more detail that both devices almost equally removed the frequency response of this filter: At a cut-off frequency of 1400 MHz, Arinst showed an amplitude of minus 1.4 dB (blue marker Mkr 4), and GenCom minus 1.79 dB (marker M5). Attenuator attenuation measurement For comparative measurements, I chose the most accurate, branded attenuators—other than the Chinese version in view of their rather large scatter. The frequency range remains equally from 35 to 4000 MHz. Calibration of the two port measurements were carefully performed with the obligatory control of the degree of surface cleanliness of all contacts on the mating coaxial connectors. 0 dB calibration result: The center of the specified band (i.e., 2009.57) was used as the median sampling frequency. The number of scan points was also equal, 1000 + 1 each. One will notice that the measurement results of the same instance of the attenuator at 40 dB are only slightly different. Arinst SSA-TG R2 showed 42.4 dB, and GenCom 40.17 dB, ceteris paribus. Attenuator 30 dB Arinst = 31.9 dB GenCom = 30.08 dB A roughly similar small variation in percentage was obtained when measuring other attenuators. But to save reader time and space in the article, they were not included in this review, since they are similar to the measurements presented above. Min and max track Despite the portability and simplicity of the device, the manufacturers have nevertheless added useful options such as displaying cumulative minimums and maximums of changing tracks--which is in demand with various settings. Three images are displayed in a gif photo using an LPF filter of the 5.8 GHz band as the example into the connection of which switching interference and disturbances were deliberately introduced: The yellow track is the current curve of the extreme sweep. Red track - the maximums from past sweeps collected in memory. The dark green track (after processing and compressing the pictures is gray) - respectively, the minima of the frequency response. Antenna VSWR Measurement As mentioned at the beginning of the review, this device has the ability to connect an external directional coupler (Direct coupler), or a measuring bridge offered separately (but only up to 2.7 GHz). The OSL calibration is programmatically provided to indicate to the device a reference point for VSWR. A directional coupler with phase-stable measuring feeders were shown that were already disconnected from the instrument after the VSWR measurements. Here it is presented in an expanded position so one can ignore the discrepancy to the apparent connection. The directional coupler is connected to the left of the device, but inverted marking back. Thereafter, the supply of the incident wave from the generator (the upper port) and the removal of the reflected input of the analyzer (the lower port) will be correct. The combined two photos show an example of this type of connection and removal of VSWR in the previously measured above circular polarization antenna type "Clover", in the range of 5.8 GHz. Since the possibility of measuring VSWR is not one of the main purposes of this device, it can nonetheless be viewed from the picture of the readings of the display, while there are still reasonable questions. A hard-set and unchangeable display scale of the VSWR graph includes a large value of as much as 6 units. Although the graph shows approximately the correct display of the VSWR curve of this antenna, it is shown with a numerical value. The exact value on the marker (i.e., tenths and hundredths) are not displayed. Only integer values are shown (i.e., 1, 2, 3 ...). As such, it remains an understatement of the measurement result which is acceptable to generally understand a suitable antenna or on damage—although it may be more difficult to use for fine-tuning and antenna. Integrated generator accuracy measurement Similar to an VR 23-6200, two decimal places are declared in the technical parameters. It would be naive to expect from a budget-pocket device that there is a rubidium frequency standard on board. smiley smile The inquisitive reader will nevertheless be interested in the magnitude of the error in such a tiny generator. But, since the attorney precision frequency counter was available only up to 250 MHz, he limits himself to viewing only 4 frequencies below the range, just to understand the error trend, if any. It should be noted that at higher frequencies, photographs were also prepared from another device. But to save space in the article, they are not included in this review since the numerical confirmation of the same percentage is a percentage of the error in the lower digits. Four photos at four frequencies were collected in a gif picture to also save space: 50.00; 100.00; 150.00 and 200.00 MHz: The trend and the magnitude of the available error are clearly visible: 50.00 MHz has a shallow excess of the generator frequency, namely 954 Hz. 100.00 MHz, respectively, a little more, +1.79 KHz. 150.00 MHz, even more +1.97 kHz 200.00 MHz, +3.78 KHz Further up the frequency was measured by a GenCom analyzer, which turned out to be a good frequency counter. For example, if the generator built into GenCom missed 800 hertz at frequency of 50.00 MHz, then not only the external frequency counter showed this, but the spectrum analyzer itself measured exactly the same: Next, one of the photos of the display, with the measured frequency of the generator built into the SSA-TG R2, using the example of the midpoint of the Wi-Fi range of 2450 MHz: To reduce the space in the article, I also did not upload the other similar photographs of the display, instead they briefly squeezed the measurement results over the ranges above 200 MHz: At frequency of 433.00 MHz, the excess was +7.92 KHz. At a frequency of 1200.00 MHz, = +22.4 KHz. At a frequency of 2450.00 MHz, = +42.8 KHz (in the previous photo) But nevertheless, the two decimal places declared in the factory characteristics are clearly maintained across all ranges. Signal amplitude measurement comparison In the following gif picture 6 photos were collected where the Arinst SSA-TG R2 analyzer measures its own generator at six frequencies randomly selected. 50 MHz -8,1 dBm; 200 MHz -9,0 dBm; 1000 MHz -9,6 dBm; 2500 MHz -9,1 dBm; 3999 MHz — 5,1 dBm; 5800 MHz -9,1 dBm Although the declared maximum amplitude of the generator is not higher than minus 15 dBm, other values are actually visible. To find out the reasons for such an indication of the amplitude, measurements were taken from an Arinst SSA-TG R2 generator, with an Anritsu MA24106A precision sensor with calibration zeroing at a matched load, before starting measurements. A frequency value was entered each time for measurement accuracy, taking into account the coefficients, according to the correction table included from the factory for frequency and temperature. 35 MHz -9.04 dBm; 200 MHz -9.12 dBm; 1000 MHz -9.06 dBm; 2500 MHz -8.96 dBm; 3999 MHz - 7.48 dBm; 5800 MHz -7.02 dBm The amplitude of the generated signal by the SSA-TG R2 integrated generator shows the analyzer measurements are very worthy (for the amateur accuracy class). The generator amplitude displayed at the bottom of the instrument’s display, as it turns out, is simply “drawn”. In reality it produces a higher level than it should in adjustable limits from -15 dBm to -25 dBm. A level of doubt creped in as to whether the new Anritsu MA24106A sensor was malfunctioning until a comparison was made with another laboratory system analyzer from General Dynamics, model R2670B. The discrepancy in amplitude was minimum and within 0.3 dBm. The power meter on the GenCom 747A similarly showed the available excess level from the generator: At the level of 0 dBm, the Arinst SSA-TG R2 analyzer slightly exceeded the amplitude indicators from different signal sources with 0 dBm. At the same time, the Anritsu MA24106A sensor shows 0.01 dBm from the Anritsu ML4803A calibrator It seems an inconvenience to adjust the attenuator attenuation on the touchscreen with your finger. The list ribbon skips and/or returns to its extreme value. It seems to be more convenient and accurate to use the old-fashioned stylus for this task: When viewing the harmonics of a low-frequency signal of 50 MHz and over practically the entire working band of the analyzer (up to 4 GHz), a certain “anomaly” was encountered at frequencies around 760 MHz: With a wider band at the upper frequency (up to 6035 MHz), the Span turns out at exactly 6000 MHz add the anomaly is also noticeable: At the same time, the same signal from the same built-in generator in SSA-TG R2, when applied to another device, does not have such an anomaly: Since this anomaly was not noticed on another analyzer means that the problem is not in the generator, but in the spectrum analyzer. The built-in attenuator for attenuating the amplitude of the generator, clearly attenuates in steps of 1 dB, all of its 10 steps. Here at the bottom of the screen you can clearly see the stepped track on the timeline, showing the attenuator performance: Leaving the generator output port and analyzer input port connected, I turned off the device. Turning it on the next day, I found a signal with normal harmonics at an interesting frequency of 777.00 MHz: In this case, the generator was left turned off which was confirmed in its the menu. In theory, nothing should have appeared at the output of the generator, if on the eve it was turned off. I had to turn it on at any frequency in the generator menu, and turn it off there. Thereafter, the strange frequency disappears (and will no longer appear) until the next time the device is turned on. Surely, in the subsequent firmware, the manufacturer will fix such a self-inclusion at the output of the generator while in the off position. If the cable between the ports is missing, then it is unnoticeable that something is wrong--unless the shelf of noise is slightly higher. And after forcibly turning the generator on and off, the noise shelf slightly becomes lower, but by an inconspicuous amount. This is a minor operational minus, the solution of which takes an extra 3 seconds after turning on the device. The interior of Arinst SSA-TG R2 is shown in three photos collected in gif: Comparison of dimensions with the old Arinst SSA Pro spectrum analyzer to a smartphone display (top): As in the case of the Arinst VR 23-6200 reflectometer, which was reviewed previously, the Arinst SSA-TG R2 analyze is the exact the same form factor and miniature dimensions--but it is a serious assistant for the radio amateur. Unlike other SSA models, it does not require the use of an external display such as a computer or smartphone. A very wide, solid and uninterrupted frequency band, from 35 to 6200 MHz. I have not investigated the exact battery life, but the capacity of the built-in lithium battery should well accommodate a long battery life. A rather insignificant error in measurements for an instrument of such a miniature class which is more than enough at the amateur level. Physical hardware and firmware (and repairs if ever needed) are fully supported through the manufacturer. It is already widely available for purchase and ready to ship--as may not the case with other manufacturers. Cons were also seen: Unaccounted for and not well documented is the spontaneous supply to the output of a signal generator with a frequency of 777.00 MHz. I somewhat expect this to be eliminated in the next firmware release. When a user is informed of this feature, it is easily eliminated in 3 seconds by simply turning the built-in generator on and off. The touchscreen requires a bit of getting use to since not all virtual buttons turn on immediately with a slider if you shift them. If you immediately poke into the final positon without first moving the slider, then everything works as intended. This is probably not a minus, but rather a “feature” of the drawn controls, specifically in the menu of the generator and the slider for controlling the attenuator. When connected via Bluetooth, the analyzer, as it were, successfully connects to the smartphone, but the frequency response graph does not output, such as the outdated SSA Pro. When connecting, all the requirements of the instructions were fully complied with, described in section 8 of the factory instructions. It was thought that once the password is received, a confirmation of the connection is displayed on the smartphone screen, then this function is possible only for upgrading the firmware via the smartphone. But no. Clause 8.2.6 clearly states: 8.2.6. The device will connect to the tablet / smartphone, a signal spectrum graph and an information message about connection to the device Connected to ARINST_SSA will appear on the screen, as in Figure 28. (c) Manual: http://arinst.net/files/Manual-Spectrum_Analyzer_Arinst_SSA-TG_R2-ENG.pdf Yes, confirmation appears, but the track doesn’t. Repeatedly reconnected, each time the track did not appear. And from the old SSA Pro, right instantly. Another disadvantage of the notorious “versatility”, due to restrictions on the lower edge of the operating frequencies, is not suitable for short-wave radio amateurs. For that, for RC FPV, completely satisfy the needs of amateurs and professional, even more than that. In general, both devices left very positive impressions, since in essence they provide a complete measuring complex, at least even for the level of advanced radio enthusiasts. While pricing policy was not addressed, it is nonetheless noticeably lower than its closest analogues on the market with such a wide and continuous frequency band. The aim of the review was simply to compare these testers with more advanced measuring equipment, and to provide readers with photo-documented displays and enough information to form their own opinions. This review is not intended for the purpose of marketing or advertising. It is simply a third-party assessment and publication of observation results. Products webpage: http://arinst.net/arinst_vr-23-6200.php Sale eBay: https://www.ebay.com/usr/arinst Sale Aliexpress: https://www.aliexpress.com/store/907723?spm=a2g0o.detail.1000061.1.2a38254cx8hk0J Sale in Japan: http://shop-online.jp/ElectronicsDIY5/index.php?body=spec&product_id=1202524&category_id=149110&PHPSESSID=fba6b223f76a00c0c757da8f97009856 Sale in Russia: https://kroks.ru/shop/network-equipment/ Sale in China and Taiwan: http://www.ts-corp.com.tw/telecom/arinst-ssa-tg-r2 Thank you for looking. Go To Topic Listing Обзоры и тесты Русский (Default) FPV-Community.ru - Полеты по камере Community Software by Invision Power Services, Inc.	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line96
__label__cc	0.59643	0.40357	Open Problems and Challenges 2016 Revision as of 19:11, 29 February 2016 by Grosu (Talk \| contribs) (back to Grigore Rosu's webpage) Note: This is a February 2016 snapshot of the Open Problems and Challenges page, published also as a technical report: Grigore Rosu Technical Report http://hdl.handle.net/2142/88925, February 2016 PDF, Webpage, DOI, BIB Here is a list of open problems and challenges that I (Grigore Rosu) am interested in solving, in no particular order. While we are doing our best to keep this list actual, it may well be the case that some of the problems have been solved in the meanwhile or that we have found a different way to approach them. In case you are interested in working on any of these problems, please send me a note at (grosu@illinois.edu) to make sure that the problem is still actual and nobody is already working on it. The reason I decided to create and maintain this list of challenges is not only that it helps me keep track of them, but more importantly, that is also helps my students understand these topics better and put things at their place in the big picture. There are more problems here than one person can finish in a life-time. If you choose to work on a problem and believe that I can help, please let me know and we may work together on it. If you are a student in my FSL group, then you are actually expected to work together with me, and possibly other students, on one or more of these problems. Here are the short descriptions of all the problems, one per line. Each problem is preceded by a list of major topics that it covers, where: PL means programming languages and it includes topics like K, matching logic, reachability logic, language design, language semantics, etc.; RV means runtime verification and includes topics like monitoring, monitor synthesis, predictive runtime analysis, etc.; and C mean coinduction and includes both algorithmic aspects and interesting applications of coinduction. [PL] Dynamic matching logic [PL] Semantics of K [PL] Sound and relatively complete reachability logic proof system with conditional rules (the challenge is the all-path) [PL,C] Unifying deductive program verification and (symbolic) model checking [PL,C] Coinductive program verification [PL] Separation logic as a fragment of matching logic [PL,C] Formal Relationship between the Circularity proof rule and Coinduction [PL] True concurrency with K [PL] Rewrite-based parsing [PL] Narrowing-based parsing [PL] Fast execution engine [PL] Semantics-based compilation [PL] Support full dynamic matching logic in K [PL] Semantics-based test-case generation [PL] Symbolic execution framework [PL] Symbolic model checking [PL] Invariant/Pattern inference using anti-unification [PL] Aggressive state/configuration-reduction techniques [PL] Language-independent infrastructure for program equivalence [PL] Program portability checking [PL] Translation validation, preferably for LLVM [PL] Strategy language for K and reachability logic [PL] Systematic comparison of K with other operational approaches [PL] Configuration abstraction [PL] Defining/Implementing language translators/compilers in K [PL] Translations from K to other languages or formalisms [PL] Semantics-based Compiler Generation [PL,C] Certification of proofs done using the K framework [PL] K semantics to new real languages [PL] Verification of real-time languages, WCET verification [PL] Module system for K [PL] Semantics-based debugging: from debugging to verification [PL] Type systems and abstract interpretations in K and reachability logic [PL] Binders with matching logic [PL,C] Migrate Circ (circular coinduction) examples/theory to K/Circularity rule [PL] Define/Implement K in K [PL,RV] Maximal causality as a configuration space reduction for semantics-based verification [RV] Playing and replaying program executions [PL,RV] Runtime verification of matching logic patterns [PL,RV] Certifiable runtime verification [PL,RV] Formalizing the JDK API [RV] Parametric property mining using positive and negative examples [RV] Offline analysis of large logs [RV,C] Extended Regular Expression (ERE) Membership Checking [RV,C] Optimal Monitor generation using coinduction [RV] Runtime verification of timed properties [RV] Evolution-aware program analysis All Problems and Challenges Dynamic matching logic. Currently (Jan 2016), we are framing matching logic as a static logic, that is, as one for reasoning about program configurations at a particular place in the execution of a program: Matching Logic --- Extended Abstract RTA'15, Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs) 36, pp 5-21. 2015 PDF, Slides(PPTX), Matching Logic, DOI, RTA'15, BIB For dynamic properties we use reachability logic: All-Path Reachability Logic Andrei Stefanescu and Stefan Ciobaca and Radu Mereuta and Brandon Moore and Traian Florin Serbanuta and Grigore Rosu RTA'14, LNCS 8560, pp 425-440. 2014 One-Path Reachability Logic Grigore Rosu and Andrei Stefanescu and Stefan Ciobaca and Brandon Moore LICS'13, IEEE, pp 358-367. 2013 PDF, Slides(PPTX), Reachability Logic, LICS'13, BIB However, both one-path and all-path reachability rules are particular formulae in a more general dynamic matching logic, which extends matching logic with two constructs: a modal next construct and a usual fixed-point mu construct. The resulting logic is expected to be sound and relatively complete; the relativity comes from the fact that we will want to fix a model of configurations, same like in reachability logic, to enable the use of SMT solvers for domain reasoning. In interested in this topic, you should also check out a draft paper I wrote a couple of years back but never published on how a Godel-Loeb proof rule gives us a complete proof system for finite execution traces; let me know and I can give you the draft. Once defined, then we should be able to prove the reachability logic proof system rules as theorems, thus modulo From Hoare Logic to Matching Logic Reachability Grigore Rosu and Andrei Stefanescu FM'12, LNCS 7436, pp 387-402. 2012 PDF, Slides(pptx), Slides(pdf), Matching Logic, FM'12, , BIB obtaining that dynamic matching logic generalizes Hoare logic mechanically. We should also be able to prove that dynamic matching logic similarly generalizes dynamic logic. The point of these generalizations is that Hoare or dynamic logic are basically "design patterns" to be manually crafted for each language separately, while dynamic matching logic is one fixed logic for all languages; each language is a particular set of axioms, which can be used in combination with a language-independent fixed proof system to derive any dynamic property for the language. In our view, that is how program reasoning/verification should be done, using one language-independent and powerful logic, and not to craft a specific logic for each specific language (which is what Hoare/dynamic/separation logic advocate). Semantics of K. K was mostly explained informally until now, calling it a "rewrite-based framework" and relying on reader's intuition and common sense. Semantically, so far we framed K either as a notation within rewrite logic by showing how to translate it to rewrite logic, An Overview of the K Semantic Framework Grigore Rosu and Traian Florin Serbanuta J.LAP, Volume 79(6), pp 397-434. 2010 PDF, Slides(PPTX), Slides(PDF), K Tool, J.LAP, BIB or in terms of translation to graph rewriting (to show its true concurrency capabilities) A Truly Concurrent Semantics for the K Framework Based on Graph Transformations Traian Florin Serbanuta and Grigore Rosu ICGT'12, LNCS 7562, pp 294-310. 2012 PDF, ICGT'12, Slides(PDF), BIB More recently, we introduced reachability logic and that allowed us to give a semantics of K that is more faithful to our uses of K. Yet, the semantics of K is more finer grained than all the above. Consider, for example, the following assignment rule in IMP: rule <k> X = I:Int => I ...</k> <state>... X \|-> (_ => I) ...</state> So in one atomic transaction, we rewrite both the assignment construct in the k cell and the value that X is bound to in the state to I. If we regard the above as a rewrite or a reachability rule, then we would need to translate into something like this: rule <k> X = I:Int ~> K </k> <state> S1, X \|-> _, S2 </state> => <k> I ~> K </k> <state> S1, X \|-> I, S2 </state> The resulting rule above is not only more verbose and uglier than the original K rule, but it is also less concurrent. Indeed, once we add threads to IMP (see, for example, the IMP++ language in the K Tutorial), we want K rules like above to apply concurrently, because we want two threads assigning to different variables to proceed concurrently and not interleaved. Fortunately, dynamic matching logic provides the granularity we need to give semantics to the intended K rewriting. For example, the rule above would become rule <k> (X = I:Int -> o I) ...</k> <state>... X \|-> (_ -> o I) ...</state> where "o" is the "next" modal construct of dynamic matching logic, "->" is logical implication and "_" and "..." are universally quantified (anonymous) variables like in K. Therefore, as soon as the dynamic matching logic challenge is solved, or at the same time, we need to give K a crystal clear dynamic matching logic semantics. And from there on we will call K a best-effort implementation of dynamic matching logic, the same way Maude is a best-effort implementation of rewrite logic. Sound and relatively complete reachability logic proof system with conditional rules (the challenge is the all-path). The original reachability logic proof systems that we proposed and proved sound and relatively complete, namely Towards a Unified Theory of Operational and Axiomatic Semantics ICALP'12, LNCS 7392, pp 351-363. 2012 PDF, Slides(pptx), Slides(pdf), Matching Logic, ICALP'12, BIB Checking Reachability using Matching Logic OOPSLA'12, ACM, pp 555-574. 2012 PDF, Slides(pptx), Slides(pdf), Matching Logic, OOPSLA'12, BIB worked only with language semantics defined using unconditional reachability rules and deriving one-path reachability rules. These are sufficient for deterministic language semantics in several frameworks, including in K. We tried hard to eliminate the "unconditional" and the "one-path" limitations, but we only partially succeeded. First, we were able to extend our soundness and relative completeness results to allow semantics defined using conditional rules, but still deriving only one-path reachability rules: Reachability Logic Grigore Rosu, Andrei Stefanescu, Stefan Ciobaca and Brandon Moore Technical Report http://hdl.handle.net/2142/32952, July 2012 PDF, TR@UIUC Now thanks to this paper, A Rewriting Logic Approach to Operational Semantics Traian Florin Serbanuta, Grigore Rosu and Jose Meseguer Information and Computation, Volume 207(2), pp 305-340. 2009 PDF, Experiments, J.Inf.&Comp., BIB which shows that virtually all operational semantics approaches can be represented using rewriting with conditional rules, at least we have a general language-independent (sound and relatively complete) verification infrastructure that works with any deterministic language defined using any operational semantic formalism. We say "deterministic language" above, because for non-deterministic languages we typically want to prove all-path reachability. Second, we were able to extend our results to prove all-path reachability, but only when the language semantics is defined using unconditional rules: This is good enough for us in K, because the language semantics that we define in K consist of unconditional reachability rules, so we stopped here with our quest. However, scientifically speaking, it is very frustrating that we were not able to find a perfect solution to such a beautiful and major problem! It should be possible to obtain a sound and relatively complete proof system for a combined logic with both one-path and all-path conditional reachability rule statements, where the target programming language semantics is nothing but a subset of such rules. Such a proof system would completely eliminate the need for Hoare logic or axiomatic semantics or any other semantics used for program verification, and all the heavy work on proving such semantics sound and relatively complete with respect to a reference model operational semantics of the language, simply because the proof system itself gives you that, for any language, be it concurrent or not, defined using any operational semantic style. This would be a fundamental result in the field, helping future generations of designers and developers of programming languages and program verification tools to do all these better: define a formal operational semantics of your language in any formalism you like, and that's all, because the desired program verification logic for your language comes for free and it is not only sound, but also relatively complete. For all practical reasons we already have that in K, thanks to the last paper above, but the challenge for the perfect result remains. Unifying deductive program verification and (symbolic) model checking. In our approach, there is no distinction between deductive verification and model checking. These are just particular uses of our fixed and language-independent proof system, to derive particular properties about particular languages. Moreover, optimizations made for one can apply to the other. For example, a faster matching logic prover will give us faster deductive reasoning and also faster model checking. Also, a faster checker for already visited configurations/states (better hashing), will obviously give us a faster model checker, but it will also give us faster verifier because the circularity rule will be applied more effectively. I can personally think of no difference between a "model checker" and a "deductive program verifier" in our approach. But this needs to be spelled out rigorously and empirically. We should implement automated proof search optimizations that give users the feel of a "model checker", at the same time having the system generate a proof object using our proof system, as a checkable proof certificate of what the model checker did. Much of the research in the model checking field goes into developing alogorithms, such as automata-based ones, where the automata encode both the program and the property to check. This approach is particularly useful for explicit-state model checking, but not only. Then there is also much work on using BDDs for symbolic model checking. We should also consider such algorithms, but then we should still be able to generate a proof object as a result of the analysis. My conjecture is the following. The key ingredient that makes our approach particularly suitable for such a grande unification is the Circularity rule. See for example this paper, but any of the papers mentioned under the dynamic matching logic challenge works: Check the Circularity proof rule out. It is saying that if you want to prove a reachability property, then assume it and try to prove it, but use it in your proof only after you make one trusted step with the operational semantic rules. This is very similar to how model checkers saturate their state-space search. We should be able to take model checking algorithms and adapt them to work with the general-purpose transition systems that semantics associate to programs, and then take their verification results and translate them into proofs using our proof system, where cycles in the internal graphs or automata maintained by the model checker result in applications of the Circularity rule. Coinductive program verification. Recall that conventional Hoare-style program verification typically proves partial correctness of programs, that is, that a program satisfies its property if it terminates. The non-terminating programs satisfy any property under partial correctness; in particular, a non-terminating program satisfies the property false. Partial correctness should not be confused with total correctness, which means that the program terminates and it satisfies the desired property. Termination is typically handled using different mechanisms (e.g., variants). Sometimes researchers craft Hoare logics for total correctness, but those tend to be rather intricate. Now, when partial correctness is sought to be proved, a very nice way to do it is by coinduction: Program Verification by Coinduction Brandon Moore and Grigore Rosu PDF, Matching Logic, DOI, BIB The main idea is that the partial correctness properties of a programming language are precisely the coinductive closure of the step relation given by the operational semantics of the programming language. This is not only an interesting theoretical observation, but we believe it can be quite practical. It shares the same belief of an ideal language framework, where the operational semantics is taken as input and tools are generated from it. The tool in this case is more like a workbench, where one can use an interactive theorem prover like Coq or Isabelle with support for coinduction, and do proofs about programs based only on the existing generic mathematical infrastructure and the operational semantics of the programming language defined as a binary (step) relation. The main challenge here is to make coinductive program verification practical. That means developing proof strategies that automate the process. Most likely those will be quite similar to those in the matching logic prover of K; for example "execute symbolic configuration using operational semantics rules, doing case analysis when multiple rules match, and giving priority to claimed circularities (which in this case would be coinductive hypotheses)". Achieving the above in a satisfactory manner would be quite exciting news for the mechanical verification community. Unfortunately, the state-of-the-art in mechanical verification (Jan 2016) is to formalize two different semantics of the target programming language, and to prove a special relationship between them. One semantics is executable (operational or denotational) and serves as a reference model for the language, because it allows you to run programs and see what they do. The other semantics is axiomatic, essentially a Hoare logic or a verification condition generator based on a hypothetical Hoare logic, and serves for program verification. The axiomatic semantics tends to be quite involved when real programming languages are concerned, so in order to increase confidence in the results of verification, a proof of soundness for the axiomatic semantics wrt the executable semantics is also provided. In our view and experience, defining even one formal semantics to a real language (say C or Java) is a huge effort already. Defining two semantics and proving the soundness theorem is just too uneconomical if it can be avoided. And it can! The secret is coinduction. Indeed, coinduction with the operational semantics of the language gives you a sound and relatively complete verification infrastructure for any language. And with the right degree of automation, it can be even more practical than the current axiomatic semantics based approached. Why? Because you are actually executing your program all the time, so whenever the proof gets stuck or is wrong, which is what happens in most of the situations (you really only prove the program once, all the other attempts until you get there are typically wrong steps or stuck proofs), you know exactly where it happened and why. There is a disadvantage of the coinductive approach, though. There will be fewer PhD theses on formal semantics of programming languages. With the current state-of-the-art, defining an executable semantics of C is one PhD thesis, defining an axiomatic semantics of C is yet another PhD thesis, and then proving the soundness of the latter semantics in terms of the former semantics is yet another PhD thesis. This last one will have the merit that it will also fix bugs in the axiomatic semantics, because it will be full of bugs as it is not executable and thus not testable. And then all the above will be maintained as C evolves (C99 -> C11 -> ?). Excuse our sarcasm, but the current state-of-the-art is simply unacceptable. Period. Separation logic as a fragment of matching logic. That matching modulo AC naturally yields spatial separation was hinted even in the first paper on matching logic, Matching Logic --- Extended Report Grigore Rosu and Wolfram Schulte Technical Report UIUCDCS-R-2009-3026, January 2009 TR@UIUC, BIB The paper above also suggests that matching gives separation anywhere, not only in the heap, and shows that common heap patterns in separation logic, such as lists, can be similarly defined using terms and matching. Three years later we showed that separation logic falls as a fragment of matching logic: PDF, Slides(PPTX), Slides(PDF), Matching Logic, DOI, OOPSLA'12, BIB Back then, matching logic was what we now call topmost matching logic, that is, only patterns of top sort, Configuration, were allowed. That was sufficient to define a translation from separation logic formulae to matching logic patterns and prove a theorem stating that a separation logic formula is valid if and only if its translation is valid in matching logic. However, it had the problem that all pattern abstractions had to be defined at the top Configuration level, which was verbose. Also, the translation of separation logic formulae modified the original formula, so one might claim that the resulting formula was not as easy to read and reason with as the original one. We then generalized matching logic to support patterns of any sort, and once we did that, we managed to embed separations logic as a particular matching logic theory within a fixed model, that of maps: Matching Logic: A Logic for Structural Reasoning Technical Report http://hdl.handle.net/2142/47004, Jan 2014 The nice part of the embedding discussed in the papers above is that the original separation logic formula does not change at all! Indeed, we defined a matching logic theory whose syntax of symbols is identical to that used by separation logic, and thus every separation logic formula is a matching logic pattern over that signature as is, without any change. Then it is shown that the separation logic formula is valid in separation logic if an only if it is matched by the particular model of maps in matching logic. The conclusion here is that, through the lenses of matching logic, separation logic is a particular fixed-model fragment for exclusively specifying heap patterns. Matching logic, on the other hand, allows you to specify patterns everywhere in a program configuration, not only in the heap. And you do not have to fix the model either. So you may ask why we are interested in separation logic at all then. Separation logic proposed a different way to think about program state properties, where the actual structure of the heap matters for what it is and not for how it can be encoded using FOL or other classic logics. Matching logic embraces this view; in fact, it is all about this view, but extended to the entire program configuration, not only the heap. Several interesting theoretical results and automation heuristics have been proposed in the context of separation logic. My conjecture is that many of these results transcend the particularity of separation logic and are just as well applicable in the more general context of matching logic. Doing things more generally may help us better understand the nature of those results, and may turn them into more powerful ones. On the practical side, separation logics have been used to specify program properties in several program verifiers, and several programs have been verified that way. We should be able to reuse all these properties unchanged in matching logic provers. All these indicate that a systematic and thorough study of the various variants of separation logic in the context of matching logic might be more than an exercise. It might be instrumental to obtaining both interesting new theoretical results and practical matching logic program verifiers. I propose the following steps, as a start: (1) Clarify that separation logic is equivalent to first-order logic in the map model directly, without going through matching logic; (2) Show (1) for several variants of separation logic, to make the point crystal clear; (3) Make the point that it is not practical to use FOL, though, because the translations at (2) increase the size of the formula and add quantifiers; (4) Like in the two papers above, show how each variant at (2) can be framed as a matching logic theory over a fixed model of maps, without any formula translation; (5) Implement a matching logic prover and then show how to obtain separation logic provers from it, for each variant at (2). Formal Relationship between the Circularity proof rule and Coinduction. As we claimed in our papers on reachability logic, the Circularity proof rule has a coinductive nature. We need to nail down the relationship between the two. Some intuitive connections are discussed in but the problem is far from being solved. One we understand the connection well, the next step is to formalize it as a mechanical translator from reachability logic proofs to coinductive proofs. Eventually, this will become part of the K framework, where proofs done using the K prover can be translated into Coq or Isabelle or other similar theorem prover proof scripts, so that the latter can reconstruct the proof in a certifiable manner. True concurrency with K. This is related to the semantics of K challenge. As explained there, K offers finer grained concurrency than conventional rewriting, for example the chemical abstract machine or rewrite logic, because it allows rewrite rules that overlap in the conventional sense apply concurrently. We need to do a systematic study of computational frameworks and/or logics for true concurrency and then show how each can be represented in K in a way that gives them exactly the intended truly concurrent semantics. While this challenge naturally combines with the semantics of K challenge, we prefer to study them as separate problems, or at least to publish them as such. Each of them is big and important enough in itself. There are two parallel semantic avenues to study this problem. One is to follow the dynamic matching logic approach to the semantics of K, where K rules are syntactic sugar for particular dynamic matching logic formulae. Another is to follow the reachability logic approach, with a proof system specialized for the particular kind of dynamic matching logic formulae that we call reachability rules. However, in this latter case, we have to extend the notion of reachability rule to allow local and multiple reachability rules into a given context, like the K rules allow; then we should be able to take two such reachability rules which can be applied concurrently and combine them into one reachability rule that collects all the reads/writes of the two combined rules. Rewrite-based parsing. Powerful language frameworks require powerful parsing. Indeed, the first tool generated from a formal language definition is a parser for the language. In fact, several parsers. In addition to the parser for the language, we also want parsers for the semantic rules of the language, in which we want to use concrete instead of abstract syntax, as well as for symbolic program configurations needed for specifying properties to be verified, in which we also want to use concrete syntax. Therefore, the user-defined syntax of the programming language will need to be extended with the syntax of K. Moreover, the syntax of K itself can be changed by the user, for example in order to avoid conflicts or ambiguities with the programming language they define. Even if the user adjusts the syntax of K, syntactically complex languages like C or JavaScript will pose significant parsing challenges. A powerful parsing framework is needed, which should allow users to see, debug and resolve parsing ambiguities. In K implementations, the parser should be made available to the user using a special KLabel, say #parse(String,Module[,Sort]). Also, the implementation of K itself should use that exact same parser to parse its modules, by constructing the right module to be used as input to the parser; that module will combine the user-defined language syntax with the (potentially user-modified) syntax of K. Ideally, we would like the parsing infrastructure to be uniformly integrated with the K framework, at least at its core notation (the front will likely provide parsing specific notations, such as the ">" for constructor priorities). Since K is based on its special rewrite rules, we would like to allow users to disambiguate their syntax using similar rules. Consider the following trivial syntax: syntax Exp ::= Exp "+" Exp \| Exp "" Exp The string "1+23" is clearly ambiguous. We would like the parser to construct a special K-style configuration making the ambiguity clear, for example something like this: <amb>... <kast> _+_(...) </kast> <kast> __(...) </kast> ...<amb> Therefore, an amb cell is inserted wherever ambiguities are detected, holding all the ambiguous parse trees as K ASTs (kast). Like in the K debugger, the ... can be unfolded by need using special commands or mouse clicks. Like with any other syntax, the user can also modify the the syntax of parsing configurations; for example, they may replace amb with ambiguity, and kast with parse-tree, etc. Based on many years of experience, we believe that rewrite rules are quite a powerful computational mechanism. We expect them to be equally powerful for parsing disambiguation. For example, to state that __ binds tighter than __, we can write the following rule: rule <kast> _+_(_:KList) </kast> (<kast> __(_:Klist) </kast> => .) That is, if two parser are possible, one with _+_ as root and the other with __ as root, then get rid of the latter. Or, alternatively, we can say that a parsing tree with a _+_ immediately under a __ is never allowed (one should use parentheses if one wants that, that is, "(1+2)3"): rule <kast> __(_:Klist,_+_(_:Klist),_:Klist) </kast> => . Adding enough rules like the above, eventually all undesired parses are hopefully eliminated. When that happens, a rule like the above can then get rid of the unnecessary ambcell: rule <amb> <kast> K </kast> </amb> => <kast> K </kast> Allowing the user to add such rewrite rules to interact with the parser can give them a lot of semantic power. For example, one may use the parsing ambiguities as a means to define non-deterministic languages, where each ambiguity is one possible way to look at the program. Recall, for example, reduction semantics with evaluation contexts, where non-deterministic evaluation strategies are defined using ambiguous evaluation context grammars. Also, this would allow users to parse in stages. For example, consider C. A first grammar can parse all the top level declarations (globals and functions), putting the body of each declaration in a string bubble; for example, #parse("int f(int x) {return x+1;}", C-DECLARATIONS-SYNTAX, Pgm) can yield a K AST of the form __(_){_} (int, #token("f","Id"), __(int,#token("x", "Id")), #token("return x+1;", FunctionBodyBubble)) then one can enable further parses of bubble with rules of the form rule #token(S, FunctionBodyBubble)) => #parse(S, C-FUNCTION-BODY-SYNTAX) This way, each stage uses a simpler grammar that hopefully generates fewer ambiguities. Moreover, complex parsers can be developed, where a parser state can be maintained and used at later stages; for example, remember that "ab;" in C means a pointer declaration of type a when a has been declared as a type with typedef, and a multiplication otherwise. Also, better error messages can be reported. Not to mention that performance can increase, because the K rewrite engine takes advantage of parallel architectures, so multiple instances of the rule above can be applied in parallel. It should be easy to implement an inefficient parsing infrastructure like above. For example, use an Earley-based algorithm to obtain all the parsings, put them into a configuration like above, and then use the K rewrite infrastructure to rewrite the configuration. The challenge here is how to do this efficiently. Essentially, we'd like to apply the disambiguation rules like above at parse time, while the parsing DAG/tree is being generated. Consider, for example, the disambiguation rule discussed above. An efficient parser would use it to never even attempt to parse a _+_ underneath a __, which can save considerable resources. An ideal solution to this problem would be a parser generator that takes as input a grammar and a set of disambiguation rules, and generates an efficient parser as output that applies the disambiguation rules on the fly, as the input string is being processed. Moreover, when the grammar falls into fragments for which efficient parser generators are known (e.g., LL(k), LR(k), etc.), we would like the complexity of our generated parser to stay within the same asymptotic complexity. Narrowing-based parsing. Narrowing is rewriting with unification instead of matching. You start with a term T with variables and then find rewrite rules whose LHS unifies with T. Apply the mgu and rewrite rule to T and obtain a new term T'. Keep doing that until the term is not unifiable with the LHS of any rule. The overall result is that you iteratively narrow the original term by adding structure to its variables so that rules apply and keep applying rules this way until the term cannot be narrowed anymore. Narrowing is a very powerful computational mechanism. It turns out that we can use narrowing for parsing. The code below show some simple experiments with Maude's narrowing support (v2.7) to flesh out the idea, and it seems to work: in full-maude . mod TOKENS is sorts Token TokenList . op nil : -> TokenList . op __ : Token TokenList -> TokenList . ops a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v x y z w 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 : -> Token . op append : TokenList TokenList -> TokenList . var T : Token . vars Ts Ts' : TokenList . rl append(nil,Ts') => Ts' . rl append(T Ts, Ts') => T append(Ts,Ts') . mod KAST is sorts KItem K KLabel KList . subsorts KItem < K < KList . op .KList : -> KList . op _,_ : KItem KList -> KList . op _`(_`) : KLabel KList -> KItem . mod GRAMMAR is including TOKENS . including KAST . op [_,_] : K KItem -> TokenList . *( syntax S ::= S A \| epsilon syntax A ::= a \| b ) sorts S A . subsorts S A < K . ops 'a:->A' 'b:->A' '__:SA->S' 'epsilon:->S' : -> KLabel . vars S1 S2 : S . vars A1 A2 : A . vars K1 K2 : KItem . rl [S1, '__:SA->S'(K1,K2)] => append([S2, K1], [A1, K2]) . rl [S1, 'epsilon:->S'(.KList)] => nil . rl [A1, 'a:->A'(.KList)] => a nil . rl [A1, 'b:->A'(.KList)] => b nil . select FULL-MAUDE . loop init . (search [1,5] in TOKENS : append(Ts:TokenList, c d nil) ~> a b c d nil .) (search [1,7] in GRAMMAR : [S1:S, AST:K] ~>* nil .) (search [1,7] in GRAMMAR : [S1:S, AST:K] ~>* a nil .) (search [1,8] in GRAMMAR : [S1:S, AST:K] ~>* a b nil .) The above outputs: search [1,5] in TOKENS : append(Ts:TokenList,c d nil) ~>* a b c d nil . Ts:TokenList --> a b nil No more solutions. search [1,7] in GRAMMAR :[S1:S,AST:K] ~>* nil . AST:K --> 'epsilon:->S'(.KList) search [1,7] in GRAMMAR :[S1:S,AST:K] ~>* a nil . AST:K --> '__:SA->S'(('epsilon:->S'(.KList)),'a:->A'(.KList)) search [1,8] in GRAMMAR :[S1:S,AST:K] ~> a b nil . AST:K --> '__:SA->S'(('__:SA->S'(('epsilon:->S'(.KList)),'a:->A'(.KList))),'b:->A'(.KList)) Unfortunately, it looks like narrowing in Maude only works with Full Maude, and does not have support for associativity, so we had to cripple the definition to use append instead of associative lists. And in the end it is quite slow. It takes about 1 minute for the above to terminate on a regular desktop. So here is the question. We want a powerful narrowing engine for test-case generation and many other reasons anyway in the K framework, which should interact well with strategies and associative lists. Then why not use that for parsing as well? Of course, performance is a serious issue, but can't we improve the performance to an extent that it will not be a bottleneck? We want narrowing to be fast anyway. Fast execution engine. While K rewriting can be mimicked with conventional rewriting, the price to pay may be too high to do so. Our first implementation of K was in Maude K-Maude: A Rewriting Based Tool for Semantics of Programming Languages WRLA'10, LNCS 6381, pp 104-122. 2010 PDF, Slides (PDF), K-Maude, LNCS, WRLA'10, BIB and it worked fine for small languages. However, for larger languages, with tens of semantic components in their configuration, the cost of AC matching started to become unbearable. Note that Maude is indeed a super-fast general purpose rewrite engine, able to perform millions of rewrite steps per second in general. But with complex language configurations, with several layers of nested cells (which are AC soups), the performance of Maude was quickly reduced to only a few thousands steps per second, sometimes a few hundred. To avoid this cost, starting with v3.6 K provides its own rewrite engine, implemented fully in Java. In addition to specialized cell matching to avoid unrestricted AC, the new rewrite engine also provides specialized data-structures, such as hash maps and vectors and soon threads. All these have increased the execution speed of K between one and two orders of magnitude. Also, K has been reorganized to allow various backends. Additionally, Runtime Verification, Inc. has developed an OCAML backend, which is two additional orders of magnitude faster than the Java backend when executing concrete programs. While the OCAML backend is orders of magnitude faster than the original Maude backend, there is still room for faster. For example, when executing the C semantics with the OCAML backend, the resulting C interpreter is still about 100,000 slower than if we compiled the program with gcc and then executing the native binary. Two or even three orders of magnitude slower than a compiler is acceptable for an interpreter, but 5 orders is still too much. We believe that we can improve over the OCAML backend another two orders of magnitude. One possible approach could be to translate K to LLVM, and then use LLVM compilers to native code. The challenge here is to implement very efficient indexing algorithms and/or pattern match automata specialized for K, so that we do a minimal amount of computation at each step in order to decide which rule can match. Another major challenge is to develop a semantics-based compiler for K. Semantics-based compilation. An ideal language framework should allow us to generate compilers from language definitions. Specifically, we hope that soon K will have the capability to take a language semantics and a program in that language, and generate an efficient binary for the program. Conceptually, K already provides the ingredients needed for such a semantics-based compiler. One way to approach the problem is to use symbolic execution on all non-recursive non-iterative program fragments and calculate the mathematical summary of the fragment as a (potentially large) K rule; the left-hand side of that rule will contain the fragment. For example, consider the trivial IMP language and a while loop whose body contains no other while loops. Then we can conceptually replace the while loop body with a new statement, say stmt17093, whose semantics is given with a K rule that symbolically accumulates the semantics of the individual statements that composed stmt17093. We can do the same for all non-loop fragments of code, until we eventually obtain a program containing only while statements whose bodies are special statement constants like stmt17093, each with its own K semantics. Once the above is achieved, there are two more important components left. One is to translate the while statements into jump statements in the beckend language, say LLVM. In the long term, this should be inferred automatically from the K semantics of the while statement. In the short term, we can get the user involved by asking them to provide a translation for the while loop (yes, this is not nice, but hey, getting a compiler for your language is a big deal). The other component is to translate the K rules for statements like stmt17093 into efficient target language code. We believe this is an orthogonal issue, which we want to have efficiently implemented in K anyway, as part of our effort on providing a fast execution engine for K. Support full dynamic matching logic in K. If we can give [[#K-semantics\|semantics to K] using [#dml\|dynamic matching logic], then why not support the entire dynamic matching logic notation in K? It may be convenient to keep using the existing notational sugar in the frontend, such as the rewrite arrow => instead of "implies next", but it would be nice and uniform to have KORE use directly the dynamic matching logic notation. And of course, since KORE is included in the full K notation, that means to also allow people to use the dynamic matching logic notation in their definitions if they choose to. Note that dynamic matching logic can be computationally expensive, so it is likely that we would not support it in its full generality. But we can support more and more of it. For example, we can start by allowing Boolean connectives, so we can write rule I1 / I2 /\ (I2 =/= 0)@INT => (I1 / I2)@INT rule I1 / I2 => (I1 / I2)@INT requires (I2 =/= 0)@INT rule <k> nat X; => . ...</k> <state>... . => (X \|-> ?V /\ (?V >= 0)@INT) ...</state> rule <k> nat X; => . ...</k> <state>... . => (X \|-> ?V) ...</state> ensures (?V >= 0)@INT Or, remember issue #1380, where we wanted to be able to write (comma is AC) rule A,B => AB \/ A-B \/ A+B \/ A/B instead of four rules rule A,B => A B rule A,B => A - B rule A,B => A + B rule A,B => A / B Semantics-based test-case generation. Suppose that you have a given program in a given programming language. Suppose also that the program takes inputs, either directly through dedicated parameters or indirectly through interaction with the environment, or the user, or some thread scheduler, and that you would like to test the program according to various test criteria. What this boils down to ultimately is to provide inputs to the program in order to exercise the desired behaviors when executed. Nothing in the above process is specific to any particular programming language; no matter whether it is C, or Java, or JavaScript, you would still want to do the same, namely to generate inputs that exercise the various desired behaviors of the program. In fact, the particular semantic details of the programming language can even confuse you wrt what inputs need to be generated. Consider, for example, the simple C expression fragment a+(b). It is obvious that you need to generate inputs under which b is defined or not, that is, b points to a previously allocated and unfreed memory location or not, but it may be easy, if not careful, to miss checking for behaviors where the sum overflows. Now in C overflow is allowed for unsigned integers, but it is disallowed for normal integers, so in one case you test an interesting behavior while in the other you found a bug in the program. In the end, if you want to develop a powerful test-case generation tool for your language that misses no dark corners of the program, you must take into account the entire semantics of the programming language. But why waste time and risk to make mistakes implementing your own understanding of the language semantics in your own test-case generation tool? Following the ideal language framework paradigm, we believe that test-case generation should be a framework feature and not a language one, where each language that has a semantics given in the framework can benefit from it. Note that a semantics is unavoidable anyway, as discussed in the simple example above. But instead of manually projecting it into one particular tool for one particular purpose at a significant effort, we should just define it once and for all, in a rigorous and easy to understand notation, and then have all the tools, including the test-case generator, be developed in a language-independent manner that can be automatically instantiated with any language semantics given as input. Sometimes doing things generally helps you not only find cleaner solutions to the problem at hand, but also resolve apparently different problems using the same general machinery. Then you realize that all these problems are instances of the same general principle and you do not even see them as different problems anymore. In our case, the general principle is to generate program configurations, where each includes both the program and its input, as well as all the other semantic components, possibly dozens of them, such as memory, stacks, I/O buffers, threads, locks held by thread, and so on. Generating program inputs only amounts to an instance of the general problem where the program in the k cell is fixed, but its inputs are allowed to vary. Here is another instance of the general problem. Suppose that you already have an interpreter or a compiler for a language, or an analysis tool for it, which was not derived using the ideal language framework approach we that advocate, and that you want to test it. In other words, you would like to execute lots and lots of programs that attempt to cover all the dark corners of your language, hopefully multiple times under various combinations of features. Getting such programs is challenging, though. Some newer languages already come with conformance test suites, such as, for example, JavaScript. But others, like C or C++, in spite of being already quite complex, have no such well-established test suites. There are companies which sell test suites for C and C++, though; for example you can buy them from Plum Hall, Inc. for thousands of dollars. Well, using the same general machinery described below, we can not only generate inputs to test programs, but also whole programs and inputs for them to test compilers, interpreters, or other language tools. The general idea of our sought solution is in fact quite simple and the technique well-established: narrowing, or rewriting with unification instead of matching. Indeed, starting with a program configuration with (symbolic) variables, which can also be potentially constrained, or in other words a matching logic pattern, attempt to unify it with the left-hand-side of some semantic rule. If that is possible, then rewrite the symbolic configuration and apply the unifying substitution to the result. Keep doing that systematically, with all the rules, until a desired pattern, say one where the result configuration holds the value 0 in the k cell, or until any desired termination criterion is reached. If your objective is to generate inputs to a given program, then start with a configuration holding the concrete program in the k cell and symbolic variables in the configuration where the desired input is to be generated. If your objective is to generate programs, then put a symbolic variable in the k cell. And you can be arbitrarily creative now: you can generate programs making use of say up to three variables in their environment, using at most 10 heap locations and at most 2 stack frames. All you have to do is to start with the desired configuration pattern and to enable the desired strategies to apply the semantics rules. Which brings us to the actual challenge here. The challenge is to come up with appropriate coverage strategies and to implement them efficiently. We want to cover the semantics as thoroughly as possible when generating new configurations, given the initial constraints (both structural and logical constraints). The success of a solution to this problem will be measured by the quality of the generated programs. For example, in the case of C, can we use the ISO C11 semantics in K to generate millions of C programs that can then reveal bugs in C compilers? Or in the case of JavaScript, ca we use the JavaScript semantics in K to generate more comprehensive test suites than the ES5 conformance test suite? Or even better, can we give semantics to ES6, and thus save the committee from coming up with a conformance test suite first place, because they cannot do better than a semantics-driven test suite anyway? Symbolic execution framework. There are many uses of symbolic execution in the literature. Some in the context of test-case generation others in the context of program verification, some static others dynamic, some available to extend others hardwired in tools, and so on, but all instances of symbolic execution that we are aware of end up being specifically instantiated for one particular language. So you end up with a symbolic execution engine for C, one for LLVM, one for Java, one for JavaScript, and so on and so forth, each implemented by a different team, with a high degree of overlapping and similar challenges. Worse, each presents innovations and engineering solutions which could have very well been applied to other symbolic execution engines developed by other teams for other languages. Even worse, because of this fragmentation, we do not even have a crystal clear definition of what symbolic execution is in the end. People interested in finding bugs will say that it is a method to find which inputs lead to execution paths that have bugs. People interested in program verification will say that it is a method that allows you to systematically explore all the execution paths in a program to prove bug freedom. Some will say that only the program input is symbolic, but not the program environment, nor the program itself (for example you cannot replace a missing function or a missing concurrent thread or a missing code fragment of a given function with a symbolic variable); others say you can. Some will say that values in the heap can be symbolic, but not the stack frames. Some will say that you can only make values that can be assigned to "program variables" symbolic, others that we can go further and have even the program execution/evaluation context symbolic. And what is a "program variable" anyway, generally speaking? It may mean something in some languages, but in others it is not clear (e.g., in Prolog, or in SQL, or in Haskell, etc.). Some will say that symbolic execution is all about using Hoare logic to extract verification conditions and then solve them with an SMT, others will say "no way!", it is all about extending an interpreter of the language to work with symbolic values instead of concrete ones. So the lack of a clear definition leads to mixing possible implementation of symbolic execution to what it actually is. A big mess, in our view. Since there is no rigorous definition of what symbolic execution is, we propose one which is general enough to include all the instances of the concept that we are aware of, for all programming languages: reachability logic without Circularity``. Recall the following papers presenting reachability logic, the former for all-path and the latter for one-path: Also recall that Circularity is a proof rule for proving circular behaviors. The rest of the rules can be used to derive any one-path or all-path reachability logic property over any finite execution of any programming language. Reachability rules can contain logical variables of any sorts, which act as symbolic variables, and they can occur anywhere in the program configuration, including in the program itself. The challenge here is to design and implement a symbolic excution API to the K framework. Like all the other K tools, it would take a programming language semantics as input and it would provide a suite of functions, likely hooked to K commands in a console or debugging mode, that should allow a user to do anything they need in terms of symbolic execution. Each of the functions/commands would correspond to certain combinations/heuristics/strategies of the reachability logic proof system, except for Circularity. For example, if one is interested in finding a bug in some execution path, then one should be able to drive the operational semantics based one-path reachability logic proof to cover that path, and then one should be able to solve the accumulated semantic constraints to find a concrete input that lead them there. Adding the Circularity proof rule yields a sound and relative complete procedure to verify any property of any program, as shown in the above papers. Symbolic model checking. This problem is closely related to the unifying deductive verification and model checking and the symbolic execution framework problems, but it focuses in more depth on the model checking aspect. The idea here is to systematically investigate the various approaches used by the symbolic model checking community and to generalize them to work within our semantic framework. After all, model checkers regard a programming language as a transition system generator, one for each program, and then they implement techniques and optimizations to make the analysis of the transition system efficient and automatic. Well, a programming language semantics in a language framework like K is also a transition system generator, one for each program. Therefore, there is no reason not to develop model checking techniques directly at the level of a semantics framework like K, instead of at the level of each particular language. On the contrary, there are significant benefits for doing so. Besides the obvious fact that this way you get model checkers for all languages for which you have formal semantics, there is also a major engineering pragmatic advantage: each feature or optimization implemented for the generic symbolic model of the framework results in optimizations for all the instances for all the languages. Consider, for example, a smart technique to identify equivalent configurations based on graph isomorphism and alpha-equivalence (see also the aggressive state-reduction challenge below); once implemented generically in the framework, it will yield state-reduction benefits to all model-checker instances for all the languages. Compare that with the approach where each team developing a different model checker for a different language re-implements the same idea in their model checker. To get a better feel for what we expect to achieve here assume some program in some programming language which, when put into some symbolic configuration as a pattern PHI, it shows the following behaviors: PHI => PHI1 and PHI => PHI2 are all the direct transitions that PHI can perform, then PHI1 => PHI' is all PHI1 can perform and we can prove, say using some SMT solver, that PHI2 -> PHI is valid (i.e., PHI2 implies the original PHI). This could happen when, for example, PHI2 is obtained after the execution of a loop with invariant PHI and PHI1 is the exit configuration pattern. In terms of model checking intuitions, we have just proved above that PHI => PHI', because we have exhaustively analyzed all the behaviors of the program and the only way to start with PHI and "exit the loop" is to reach PHI'. Well, the above can actually very well be framed as a reachability logic proof, where PHI => PHI' is used as a circularity to prove itself. The challenge here is twofold: (1) to frame existing symbolic model checking techniques and algorithms as instances of using the reachability logic proof system and the Circularity rule, in particular, as shown above; and (2) to develop abstraction and automation techniques, based on existing ideas or develop new ones, to come up with patterns like PHI above, which manifests the circular behavior needed to apply the Circularity proof rule. This is also related to the invariant inference challenge. Invariant/Pattern inference using anti-unification. Finding program invariants is and will continue to be one of the major challenges in program verification and analysis. In terms of reachability logic, that is equivalent to finding all the circularities that are needed to derive a reachability rule. Such circularities, if available, would put a finite bound on the space of the reachability logic proof search, reducing the complexity of proving the original rule to domain reasoning, which can hopefully be discharged using SMT solvers. We formulate the invariant/circularity inference problem for reachability logic, or K, as follows. Given a set of matching logic patterns Phi_1, Phi_2, ..., Phi_n, find the strongest pattern Phi such that Phi_i -> Phi for all i from 1 to n ("strongest" means that Phi -> Phi' for any other pattern Phi' with Phi_i -> Phi' for all i from 1 to n). The patterns Phi_1, Phi_2, ..., Phi_n can for example be (concrete or symbolic) configuration snapshots at a particular point in a program configuration, which can be extracted by simply executing the program with the semantics. Since in matching logic there is no distinction between terms and predicates, this problem can also be regarded as an anti-unification, or generalization, problem. Like for other tools and techniques that we plan to port to the generic level of our semantic framework, we should probably start with the state of the art in invariant inference and try to incorporate it in our framework, and then continue to improve it based on other generic tools and algorithms provided by the framework (e.g., unification, narrowing, state-equivalence, etc.). Aggressive state/configuration-reduction techniques. One of the major engineering challenges when automating deductive program verification and model checking is to identify when a program state is equivalent to a previously discovered state. In matching logic a weaker property suffices, namely when a pattern implies another pattern, but that is irrelevant for this problem/challenge. What we'd like to be able to is to efficiently find out when a pattern is semantically equivalent to another one, so that the new pattern can be discarded from the analysis (because it would yield the same behaviors as the previously discovered equivalent one). Same like in object-oriented programming, where objects can be equivalent for many semantic reasons, there are also various logical reasons for which two patterns can be considered equivalent. For example, two lambda abstractions lambda x . x and lambda y . y can be considered equivalent due to alpha-equivalence. Or two symbolic integer expressions x +Int y and y +Int x can be considered equivalent due to the domain commutativity of +Int. Or two almost identical program configurations, with the difference that one allocates program variable x to location 100 which then holds value 7, and the other allocates x to location 17 which also holds value 7, can be considered equivalent in a language where the location of a variable is not available to the program (unlike in C). We would like to design and implement a generic approach to pattern equivalence, where users should be allowed to define the precise notion of configuration equivalence that they want for their language. As an analogy, object-oriented languages like Java also allows users to implement their own notion of object equality using methods like isEqual. The framework should provide default support for at least well-known equivalences like domain equalities, alpha-conversion and graph isomorphism (in the environment/heap), but in its full generality it should allow users to define their own pattern equality. Language-independent infrastructure for program equivalence. Program equivalence is a hard problem, even when the two programs are in the same language. It is a Pi_2^0-complete problem, in fact, which makes it theoretically as hard as the totality problem for Turing machines: given a Turing machine, does it terminate on all inputs? In order to verify program translators within the same language or across different languages, we would like to develop a theoretical foundation with corresponding tool support for program equivalence. And of course, it should all be language-independent. Specifically, given two language semantics and a (symbolic) configuration pattern in each, when are the two equivalent? Like for reachability logic, we would like to have a sound and relatively complete proof system for this problem. The equivalent of Circularities here would be to conjecture more pairs of equivalent configuration patterns. The resulting technique is expected to be akin to bisimulation, or cricular coinduction. We have already proposed a sound proof system A Language-Independent Proof System for Mutual Program Equivalence Stefan Ciobaca and Dorel Lucanu and Vlad Rusu and Grigore Rosu ICFEM'14, LNCS 8829, pp 75-90. 2014 PDF, Slides(PDF), Matching Logic, DOI, ICFEM'14, BIB and a prototype tool in K has been implemented that worked with some simple examples, but we were not able to prove the relative completeness of the proof system and have not upgraded the tool to work with the latest version of K. Also, some serious applications are needed (see, for example, the C portability and the LLVM correctness problems below. In addition to a sound and relatively complete proof system, another major challenge is how to automate the process of checking program equivalence. Ideally, we would like the user to only provide a binary relation between "synchronization" points in the two programs, and then have the framework do the rest automatically. For example, consider a C program with a loop that you want to prove equivalent to its translation to LLVM, where the loop has been replaced with a conditional jump. You want to only say that the beginning of the C loop and the LLVM label that the jump targets are synchronized, and everything else to be automatically inferred. The problem is non-trivial, but we believe it can be done. In order to lift the user-provided light relation to a relation between symbolic program configurations that can be shown closed under the semantic transition relations, we need to add enough semantic structure to the inferred symbolic configurations that we can execute the corresponding cyclic behaviors. We believe that can be done using narrowing, basically starting with very abstract symbolic configurations which are just variables, and then adding more structure and constraints to them as the bodies of the corresponding loops are executed. The resulting configuration patterns are expected to be significantly more abstract than the loop invariants would be, because they need not be strong enough to prove the programs correct. The above was discussed for program equivalence, but a similar approach should also work for program simulation, where one of the programs has only a subset of the behaviors of the other one. This is typically the case in compilers, where the target program may make choices for otherwise non-deterministic behaviors in the source program. Program portability checking. As an application of the program equivalence problem above, with immense practical relevance, we would like to develop a C portability checker. Specifically, we would like to take a given C program in a particular instance of C, say for 32 bit word machines, and prove the program equivalent to itself under a different semantics of C, say an idealistic one with arbitrarily large integers. So in this special case of the program equivalence problem, the synchronization points between the two programs are obvious, because the two programs are in fact identical. If the check passes and the program under the different semantics has the same behavior, then the program has no behaviors that depend on the particular C instance, so the program is fully portable. The above is expected to be an idealistic requirement that probably few programs will respect. To allow more programs to be analyzed and the analyses to be finer grained, we should allow the users to annotate the non-portable code, taking responsibility for it. For example, if a while loop iterates from the MAXINT to 0 and its result depends on the number of iterations, then a user annotation is needed. The point is that the checker is not meant to be very intelligent and infer the user's intention. Its purpose is to let the user know where portability might be possibly broken. The same can be done for C++, LLVM, and various fragments of C (MisraC, JSF C) and of other languages. Translation validation, preferably for LLVM. Probably the "killer application" of a powerful infrastructure for proving program equivalence/simulation is translation validation. Translation validation means that each translation/compilation instance is validated (as opposed to verifying the translator/compiler itself, which is a much harder problem). The idea is to augment the translator or compiler to produce not only a target program from the source program, but also a witness that can be used to validate the particular translation. For example, the witness can be the synchronization points between the source and the target program. Since LLVM has been invented at UIUC (in Prof. Vikram Adve's group) and we continue to have significant expertise in LLVM as a department at UIUC, in case you are a UIUC student or collaborator it makes sense to pick LLVM as a target compilation framework for this challenge. Strategy language for K and reachability logic. In K and in reachability logic, the semantic rewrite rules form a set. That is, their order is irrelevant. While there are strong mathematical reasons to keep them that way in a framework for mathematical semantics and reasoning about programs, this may sometimes be inconvenient when writing K language definitions. For example, you may need to add side conditions to rules to prevent their application in cases where you want the "previous" rules in the definition to apply. In such a situation you may want to tell K to attempt to apply the rules in order, and to never apply a rule that appears later in a definition if a rule that appears earlier applies. Or you may want to split the rules in two groups, and to always apply rules from the first group before attempting rules from the second group. For such reasons, and many others, the term rewriting community has developed strategy languages to allow users to control the application of rules. Probably Elan was the first rewrite engine that provided a language for describing strategies, and probably Stratego is the rewrite engine with the most advanced strategies. We would like to also add strategies to the K framework. However, due to the variety of tools that it incorporates, and due to its semantics and its uses for program reasoning and verification, we would like to maintain K's core semantics as a set of reachability rules. So we would like to "desugar" strategies by translating them back to ordinary rules. For example, a strategy can be seen as a monitor telling which rules are allowed to apply. The monitor state can be stored in some cell specially added for this purpose, and the rewrite rules can then match the monitor state and apply only if allowed to. We believe that all this strategy monitoring infrastructure can be generated automatically from some user convenient and intuitive strategy language. We also believe that the above is possible, even for complex strategies, because of the power of reachability logic to take arbitrary matching logic patterns as LHS of rules. For example, for complex strategies you may need to state that none in a set of terms (the LHS's of a group of rules) match, which is impossible to state in a conventional rewrite engine but is easy to state as a matching logic pattern (the conjunction of the complements of all the LHS patterns). Systematic comparison of K with other operational approaches. K evolved from other approaches, systematically analyzing their advantages and disadvantages, and keeping the advantages and eliminating the disadvantages. To systematically analyze other approaches, we have uniformly represented all of them into one meta-formalism, rewrite logic, and implemented them in Maude: A more detailed discussion and comparison appears in my book draft, which I can send you if you want to (send me a message). A more direct comparison of K with rewrite logic has been studied in depth, and various translators from K to rewrite logic have been implemented in Maude, meant not only to preserve the execution semantics but also other aspects of the original definition, such as its symbolic execution and verification capabilities: Language Definitions as Rewrite Theories Vlad Rusu and Dorel Lucanu and Traian Florin Serbanuta and Andrei Arusoaie and Andrei Stefanescu and Grigore Rosu J.LAMP, Volume 85(1, Part 1), pp 98-120. 2016 PDF, project, DOI, J.LAMP, BIB Andrei Arusoaie and Dorel Lucanu and Vlad Rusu and Traian Florin Serbanuta and Andrei Stefanescu and Grigore Rosu WRLA'14, LNCS 8663, pp 97-112. 2014 PDF, K, DOI, WRLA'14, BIB The Rewriting Logic Semantics Project: A Progress Report Jose Meseguer and Grigore Rosu Information and Computation, Volume 231(1), pp 38-69. 2013 PDF, K, DOI, Information and Computation, BIB Nevertheless, a crystal clear and shorter than in my book comparison of K to other semantic approaches needs to be also written up and published as a conference/journal paper, for wider dissemination. Indeed, we have encountered colleagues who seem to think that K is some new theoretical development based on new principles. Well, sorry to disappoint, but K is an engineering endeavor attempting to get the best of the ideas developed by the formal semantics community over the last four decades, avoiding their limitations. The main novelties of K, besides its unique notation which appears to admit an elegant semantics in dynamic matching logic, are: (1) its concurrent semantics, which allows for true concurrency even in the presence of sharing; and (2) its configuration abstraction mechanism which is the key for K's modularity. Configuration abstraction. Configuration abstraction is one of the key features of K. It allows K language definitions to be be compact and modular. What we mean by modular in this context is that you should not have to modify the semantics of existing features in your language definition in order to add a new, unrelated features. Consider, for example, a naive big-step SOS definition of an IMP-style language. Then suppose that you want to add abrupt termination to your language, say that you want to stop the program when a division-by-zero takes place. To achieve that, you now have to go through each language construct for which you've already given semantics and add at least as many new rules as arguments that construct has, each propagating the abrupt termination signal generated by that argument through the language construct. This is terrible. It quickly discourages you to add anything new to your language, not to mention that it is error-prone. Similarly, the configuration of a programming language often changes as you add new features to the language. For example, if you add exceptions to your language, you may want to add an exception stack to the configuration. Or if you want to add threads to your language, you need to re-organize the configuration so that each thread cell holds its own computation and environment, while all the threads share the same store or heap. In K, you do not need to change existing semantic rules when extending the configuration or when adding new unrelated features to your language. For example, consider an environment-based K semantics of IMP, whose configuration looks as follows configuration <T color="yellow"> <k color="green"> $PGM:Stmt </k> <env color="LightSkyBlue"> .Map </env> <store color="red"> .Map </store> </T> and whose semantic rule for assignment looks as follows, saying that once the assigned expression evaluates to integer I, the assignment statement is dissolved from the computation and I is written at the location N of X. rule <k> X = I:Int; => . ...</k> <env>... X \|-> N ...</env> <store>... N \|-> (_ => I) ...</store> Later you add several other features to the language, say concurrent threads and I/O which are completely unrelated to the assignment statement, and your configuration becomes: <threads color="orange"> <thread multiplicity="" color="blue"> <k color="green"> $PGM:Stmts </k> <id color="black"> 0 </id> </thread> </threads> <in color="magenta" stream="stdin"> .List </in> <out color="Orchid" stream="stdout"> .List </out> In a conventional semantic framework you would have to now also change the semantic rule of the assignment to account for the new configuration structure. But not in K. In K, the same rule that we had still works untouched, thanks to configuration abstraction. Indeed, as explained in some of the K papers, such as K Overview and SIMPLE Case Study K'11, ENTCS 304, pp 3-56. 2014 PDF, K, DOI, K'11, BIB there is only one meaningful way to complete the assignment rule above to match the new configuration, process we call configuration concretization, which is rule <threads>... <thread>... <k> X = I:Int; => . ...</k> ...</thread> ...</threads> But this is done automatically by the K kompiler, so you do not have to touch any existing, unrelated rules. In our experience with defining semantics for many languages, large and small, modularity of definitions is perhaps the most important aspect of a practical language semantic framework. This configuration abstraction mechanism has been explained rather informally so far. We need to formalize it and make it an important component of the semantics of K. One way to look at it is as rewriting modulo structure, where certain operations symbols, such as the cell constructs, are considered structural, and rewrite rules apply modulo them. Another is to define special evaluation contexts that allow to push the rewrite relations that appear in a rule to their place. Both of these possible solutions can be mathematically explained by means of equations, or (pairs of) rules. For example, the effect of an evaluation context C can be defined equationally through heating/cooling equations of the form C[R] = R ~> C. Defining/Implementing language translators/compilers in K. So far, K was mostly used to define language semantics or type systems. But in the end, K is about rewriting program configurations, where a program configuration can be almost anything, depending on the application. There is nothing to stop us from implementing complex program translators, or even full compilers, in K. The program configuration in this case can store various types of information that is needed for the translation, such as symbol tables, jump maps, current allocations, resources available, etc. Then rules can match what they need and transform the program accordingly. With this picture in mind, a language semantics can be regarded as an extreme program transformer, where the program is transformed iteratively until nothing is left to transform, the result being some value, or some state, or whatever is relevant in the final configuration. As a case study, it would be nice to do this for LLVM, for the reasons explained in the translation validation challenge. That is, to implement an optimizing LLVM compiler in K. Moreover, to also implement some frontend translators to LLVM, say from C to LLVM, and also some backends translators, say from LLVM to x86. Besides simplicity and elegance, an addition benefit of doing things this way is that it also gives us a formal basis for verifying such translators or compilers. Indeed, assuming a semantics for the source language and one for the target language, to prove a translator/compiler from the former to the latter correct, we would need to show that whatever syntactic transformation it does, it also preserves/refines the semantics of the original language. This is typically done by extending the translator to consider entire semantic configurations of the first language, not only programs, and then showing that the extended translator preserves the meaning of each semantic rule in the source language semantics. This should be done using reachability logic verification. That is, each semantic rule from the source language translates into a reachability rule in the target language, which then needs to be proved correct using the target language semantics. Verifying compilers like described above is not easy. A translation validation approach may be preferable, at least as a starting point. Having the translator/compiler defined or implemented in K should also help with the translation validation approach, because we can validate each translation instance as is generated, without leaving the framework. Translations from K to other languages or formalisms. The very first uses of what we call K today were as a definitional methodology in Maude: CS322 - Programming Language Design: Lecture Notes Technical Report UIUCDCS-R-2003-2897, December 2003 PDF, TR @ UIUC, BIB The Rewriting Logic Semantics Project J. of TCS, Volume 373(3), pp 213-237. 2007 PDF, J.TCS, BIB The fact that we could define rather complex languages without conditional rules, thanks to the then-K-methodology, made us think that in fact conditional rules can be automatically eliminated. We tried hard to do so, first in From Conditional to Unconditional Rewriting WADT'04, LNCS 3423, pp 218-233. 2004 PDF, LNCS, WADT'04, Experiments, PDF - Original submission, WADT'04 slides, BIB and then in Computationally Equivalent Elimination of Conditions - extended abstract RTA'06, LNCS 4098, pp 19-34. 2006 PDF, Slides (PPT), Experiments, LNCS, RTA'06, DBLP, BIB hoping that K could be seen as a general translator from conditional to unconditional rules. Then we ran into quite difficult technical problems following this path, related to associative operators, which didn't even have anything to do with K as we envisioned it at that time, so we gave up that approach. Instead, we started regarding K as a language semantic framework in itself: K: a Rewrite-based Framework for Modular Language Design, Semantics, Analysis and Implementation PDF, Experiments, BIB PDF, TR@UIUC, BIB K: A Rewriting-Based Framework for Computations -- Preliminary version Technical report UIUCDCS-R-2007-2926 and UILU-ENG-2007-1827, December 2007 PDF, ZIP, TR@UIUC, BIB We had our first implementations of K as translations to Maude: The K Primer (version 2.5) Traian Florin Serbanuta, Andrei Arusoaie, David Lazar, Chucky Ellison, Dorel Lucanu and Grigore Rosu Technical Report, January 2012 PDF, K 2.5, BIB K Framework Distilled Dorel Lucanu, Traian Florin Serbanuta and Grigore Rosu WRLA'12, LNCS 7571, pp 31-53. 2012 Invited Paper PDF, Slides (PDF), WRLA'12, LNCS, BIB Executing Formal Semantics with the K Tool David Lazar, Andrei Arusoaie, Traian Florin Serbanuta, Chucky Ellison, Radu Mereuta, Dorel Lucanu and Grigore Rosu PDF, Slides(PDF), FM'12, DBLP, BIB That gave us an excellent basis for experimentation and for defining K semantics of several languages, but it quickly turned out to be more inefficient than we liked it to, mainly because of the huge cost to pay for nested matching modulo associativity and commutativity as needed for K's configurations. We then implemented a Java rewrite engine customized to K's needs, as well as a modified kompiler that translated the original definition into one that could be handled by our Java backend engine: KJS: A Complete Formal Semantics of JavaScript Daejun Park and Andrei Stefanescu and Grigore Rosu PLDI'15, ACM, pp 346-356. 2015 PDF, Slides(PDF), Semantics, DOI, PLDI'15, BIB Our Java engine is significantly more complex than a conventional rewrite engine, because it is tightly connected to an SMT (Z3) and it also provides support for symbolic execution and reasoning within domains supported by Z3. But because it specializes to K, the resulting K implementation with the Java backend ended up being more than one order of magnitude faster than the previous version with the Maude backend. For execution performance specifically, the RV-Match tool implements an OCAML backend to execute the C semantics on ordinary C programs, which consists of a translator from K to OCAML followed by compilation to native code, which turned out to be more than two orders of magnitude faster than the Java backend. The reason the OCAML backend is so muck faster is because it takes advantage of OCAML's efficient implementation of case matching, based on advanced indexing. But even with all this added efficiency thanks to OCAML, the RV-Match tool is still five orders of magnitude slower than the actual C programs compiled with gcc and executed natively. We believe we should be able to translate K definitions to any functional language or theorem prover following the same approach as for the OCAML backend, such as to Haskell or Coq. This would give us models of the language defined in K in any of these languages. In the case of the functional languages, the resulting models can be used for execution or for integration with other tools, while in the case of the theorem provers for mechanized reasoning about the programming language or about programs of it. We believe the same can be done even for LLVM, by customizing and implementing indexing ourselves as part of the translator (instead of relying on the target language's indexing), in which case we can obtain very efficient interpreters. I conjecture that the resulting interpreter can be even two orders of magnitude faster than the current OCAML backend of RV-Match, and thus the C semantics to execute C programs "only" three orders of magnitude slower than if the programs were compiled with gcc and executed natively. To go even faster, I think we need to generate compilers from semantics. Semantics-based Compiler Generation. Generating a language compiler from a language semantics could be one of the most practical applications of a semantic framework. Indeed, it is a lot easier to define a language semantics than to implement a compiler. Besides, since the compiler is generated using the mathematical semantics of the language, the generated compiler can either be correct-by-construction or a proof can be generated for each language instance (in a translation validation style, but for the compiler itself). In other words, we not only would get compilers cheaply, from language semantics, but the compilers we get also would be provably correct. If this can be made to work in a way that the generated compilers are also efficient, it can completely change the way we as a community design and implement programming languages. But is this really feasible? How can we even start such a project? We actually believe that it is not hard. We expect it to be a nice application of the already existing infrastructure that K provides. Consider a C-like source language and LLVM as a target language. Suppose that we know which instructions in the source language have a circular behavior, and suppose that we already know how to translate those to corresponding instructions in the target language; for example, a while loop in C is translated in a very specific and trivial way to a conditional jump in LLVM. Now we can split the source program into statements with circular behaviors and blocks of other statements in between or inside them. Further, we can regard each such block of instructions as one generalized instruction that accumulates the semantics of all composing instructions. We can express its accumulated semantics as a K reachability rule. Now the challenge is how to generate efficient target language code for a K reachability rule. And we strongly believe that this is indeed possible. Consider for example the following code in a C-like language: while(n) { s += n; n--; The while will be translated into an appropriate conditional jump, and the accumulated semantics of the loop body can be expressed with a rule as follows: rule <k> s+=n;n--; => . ...</k> <state>... s \|-> (S => S +Int N), n \|-> (N => N -Int 1) ...</state> It should not be difficult to translate the effect of this rule on the state into LLVM code that does precisely that. Certification of proofs done using the K framework. One of the major features of K is that we can derive deductive program verifiers, model checkers, and possibly other program reasoning tools, all correct-by-construction, where the only trusted base is the operational semantics of the programming language in question. These program reasoning tools are indeed correct-by-construction as supported by their underlying theory, but their implementation can have errors. For example, imagine that you verity a complex C program using the K framework instantiated with the C semantics, and that your program verifies "automatically" and after 15 minutes of waiting you get the much desired proved message. Why should you trust that you have indeed verified your program? You have confidence in the C semantics, Defining the Undefinedness of C Chris Hathhorn and Chucky Ellison and Grigore Rosu PDF, C Semantics, DOI, PLDI'15, BIB An Executable Formal Semantics of C with Applications Chucky Ellison and Grigore Rosu POPL'12, ACM, pp 533-544. 2012 PDF, Slides(PDF), Project, ACM, POPL'12, DBLP, BIB because it was tested on tens of thousands of programs, and you have confidence in the soundness of reachability logic because that has been proved mathematically and mechanically in Coq: But how do you know that K, which at the time of this writing (Feb 2016) has about 100k LOC, implements these correctly? In fact, we keep discovering bugs in K, so it is quite likely that K has bugs. So what can we do to have absolute confidence in a program verified using the K framework? First, note that there is nothing that can be done to have absolute confidence in a language semantics, simply because that acts as the definition of the language, and definitions are correct by definition, if we can say so. You can execute more tests, or even show it equivalent to other semantics for the same language if another one exists, but in the end, no matter what you do, you will have to simply assume that the language semantics is correct. However, we would like the language semantics to be the only thing that we have to trust. Everything that we execute or prove with K is, in the end, a reachability logic proof derivation, specifically a proof derivation using the eight proof rules of reachability logic and the language semantics as axioms. We should be able to augment K to produce not only the final result, but also evidence of how the proof has been constructed. Such evidence, or proof witness, should be a in form that makes it easy to check in a trusted manner, for example by a third-party proof checker. One way to do this is to build upon the relationship between Circularity and coinduction, and to have K produce a proof tactic that a mechanical theorem prover like Coq or Isabelle can use to reconstruct the entire proof. One source of concern with this approach is that we should still trust the translation of the axioms from K to Coq, but hopefully that can be mitigated by re-executing all the tests that were used to validate the K semantics also with the translated Coq semantics. Another source of concern is the gaps in the original proof that are due to invocations of decision procedures, such as matching modulo associativity, commutativity, etc., or SMT solver decisions. Another way is develop a separate proof checker for reachability logic, and then to have K generate proof objects following the syntax expected by the reachability logic proof checker. Since reachability logic has only either proof rules, such a proof checker is not expected to be too complex. This approach would also suffer from the same problem of proof gaps like the other approach. We have done some research on this topic in the context of equational proofs, which we believe can be extended to work for reachability logic: Certifying and Synthesizing Membership Equational Proofs Grigore Rosu and Steven Eker and Patrick Lincoln and Jose Meseguer FME'03, Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS) 2805, pp 359-380. 2003 PDF, Slides(PPT), Maude, DOI, FME'03, BIB Regardless of the approach, the size of the proof object itself can be a problem. The simpler and thus easier to trust the proof checker, the more detailed and thus larger the proof is. The right balance will need to be found to keep certification practical. K semantics to new real languages. If you are practically inclined, defining a K semantics to a new real language is probably the best entry point to the K framework. It is a well-defined problem and can serve as a B.S., M.S, and even a Ph.D. topic, and in our experience it is relatively easy to publish. So far we gave and published semantics to C (ISO C11): to JavaScript (ES5): to Java (Java 1.4): K-Java: A Complete Semantics of Java Denis Bogdanas and Grigore Rosu PDF, Slides(PDF), K-Java, DOI, POPL'15, BIB to Verilog: A Formal Executable Semantics of Verilog Patrick Meredith, Michael Katelman, Jose Meseguer and Grigore Rosu MEMOCODE'10, IEEE, pp 179-188. 2010 PDF, Slides(PDF), Sources, Verilog Semantics, IEEE, MEMOCODE'10, BIB to Scheme: A K Definition of Scheme Patrick Meredith, Mark Hills and Grigore Rosu Technical Report UIUCDCS-R-2007-2907, October 2007 The semantics of Verilog and of Scheme are very old, and then used an old version of K that is neither supported anymore nor powerful enough to do the various types of analysis that the new version can do. It would be very nice to upgrade their semantics to the latest version of K, do some experiments with model checking and program verification, and replublish them in some high-impact avenues. In addition to the above, large to almost complete semantics of Python, LLVM, Haskell and OCaml light have also been defined, but they were not published yet. If interested in a quick paper, please contact me to let you know about the status of these projects and how you can contribute. Of particular importance are languages related to the web. That's because these languages are in charge of enforcing security policies, and security policies can be easily broken if the language is incorrectly designed or implemented, or if the libraries used in security-critical code are incorrectly implemented. For example, our semantics of JavaScript ES5 above has been used to find bugs in all major browsers and implementations of JavaScript. Ideally, we would like to get involved with the design of future web languages, so that these language start with a formal semantics that can also serve as a reference implementation, instead of with adhoc implementations. We believe the current performance of the OCaml backend of K is good enough, meaning that a formal semantics can already provide a reasonably fast implementation for free, to serve as a language model. Particular languages of interest here are JavaScript ES6 and WASM. Also of particular importance are unconventional languages for which no adequate verification techniques or tools are available. For example, consider aspect-oriented languages, say AspectJ. There are many tools and systems developed using AspectJ, and it is not at all clear how to formally analyze or verify such systems and there are certainly no available tools for such a task. On the other hand, it should not be hard to give a formal semantics to AspectJ, on top of the existing Java semantics. Through its strategies, K even allows you to do that modularly. Then, once a K formal semantics of AspectJ exists, we should be able to use precisely the same verification and analysis machinery that the K framework provides to verify AspectJ programs. Verification of real-time languages, WCET verification. Verification of programs in real-time languages, that is showing not only the functional correctness of the program but also that its time guarantees are met, as well as verification of worst case execution time (WCET), are considered to be very complex topics both from a foundational and from a practical point of view. Indeed, conventional verification techniques work for functional correctness, but they do not apply off-the-shelf for proving time bounds of programs. Existing general purpose verification tools are inapplicable, while tools for verifying such properties tend to be very specialized and obscure. To verify such properties with our approach, all we need to do is to define an operational semantics for the target programming language that takes time into account. For example, recall the assignment rule in an IMP-like language: Now suppose that we also want to keep track of time in the semantics, and that the assignment operation takes 3 units (e.g., one unit for reading the value to assign, one unit for writing it to the variable, and another unit for jumping to the next instruction). All we have to do is to add a new cell to the semantics, say called time, and then modify the rules to increment the time appropriately, for example: rule <k> X = I:Int => I ...</k> <state>... X \|-> (_ => I) ...</state> <time> T => T +Int 3 </time> Now we can refer to the time a program takes in reachability rules, at no additional infrastructure effort. The bottom line is that we do not need to do anything special for verifying timed properties in our semantics-based verification approach. We have published a workshop paper on this topic, where we considered also interrupts: Low-Level Program Verification using Matching Logic Reachability Dwight Guth and Andrei Stefanescu and Grigore Rosu LOLA'13. 2013 PDF, Slides(PDF), Matching Logic, LOLA'13, BIB And we also published a paper specifically on how to do WCET using a semantics-based approach: Towards Semantics-Based WCET Analysis Mihail Asavoae and Dorel Lucanu and Grigore Rosu WCET'11. 2011 PDF, Slides(PDF), Matching Logic, WCET'11, BIB But we need a more through study on this topic, investigate the literature, and in the end make a convincing argument that verification of timed properties in real-time programming languages came at no additional complexity besides what is absolutely necessary and unavoidable anyway if mathematical rigor is desired, namely to define a formal semantics of the target language. Module system for K. Large language definitions need to be decomposed in modules. An obvious reason is to better understand them. A more subtle reason is that different modules achieve different tasks and there is no one module that includes all the functionality. Consider, for example, a language like C. In order to parse actual C programs, you need a very specialized syntax, which may even be considered ugly or unsuitable for semantic purposes. For example, you may want to define a left-recursive grammar to efficiently parse comma-separated lists of expressions: module C-SYNTAX-FOR-PARSING-PROGRAMS syntax NeExps ::= NeExps "," Exp \| Exp // non-empty expressions syntax Exps ::= NeExp \| "" // empty or non-empty expressions On the other hand, when giving semantics to C, you would prefer to work with associative lists of expressions, probably something like this: module C-SYNTAX-FOR-SEMANTICS syntax Exps ::= "." \| Exp \| Exps "," Exps [assoc id:.] This way, in the semantics, you do not need to consider all the cases used for parsing, and you can match anywhere inside a list of expressions. You also want to have another module where you convert the parsed program from the original (abstract) syntax to the semantics (abstract) syntax: module TRANSLATE import C-SYNTAX-FOR-PARSING-PROGRAMS import C-SYNTAX-FOR-SEMANTICS syntax Exps@C-SYNTAX-FOR-SEMANTICS ::= translate(Exps@C-SYNTAX-FOR-PARSING-PROGRAMS) rule translate() => . rule translate(E:Exp) => E rule translate(NeEs,E) => translate(Nes),E endmodule Now you can define your C semantics module by importing only the desired C-SYNTAX-FOR-SEMANTICS module, and making sure that you parse the program you want to execute with the right module and translate it accordingly, without ever polluting the semantics with syntax necessary only for parsing: module C-SEMANTICS configuration ... <k> #rewrite(TRANSLATE, translate(#parse(C-SYNTAX-FOR-PARSING-PROGRAMS,$PGM))) </k> ... While K currently provides modules, it collapses all the sorts of the imported modules into their union, without qualifying them with their defining modules, so the module TRANSLATE above cannot be defined yet. If qualification is not desired (this is still being debated in our design of K; Maude, for example, does not do it) but we add renaming to K, which we want to do anyway, then we could still solve the problem: import C-SYNTAX-FOR-PARSING-PROGRAMS (Exps to ParsingExps) syntax Exps ::= translate(ParsingExps) Another issue that we have to discuss and decide is whether we want parametric modules in K. Again, renaming seems to be powerful enough to resolve problems that are typically resolved with parametric modules, so it is not clear. Take a look at Maude's module system, especially its parametric modules. Take also a look at some theoretical work we've done in this area, on giving formal semantics to modules and operations on them using category theory: Abstract Semantics for K Module Composition Codruta Girlea and Grigore Rosu K'11, ENTCS 304, pp 127-149. 2014 Towards a Module System for K Mark Hills and Grigore Rosu PDF, LNCS, WADT'08, BIB Composing Hidden Information Modules over Inclusive Institutions Joseph Goguen and Grigore Rosu Dahl's Festschrift, LNCS 2635, pp 96-123. 2004 PDF, DOI, Dahl's Festschrift, BIB Abstract Semantics for Module Composition Technical Report http://roger.ucsd.edu/record=b7304233~S9, May 2000 PDF, DOI, BIB A good understanding of the Maude module system and of the papers above should provide a solid basis for approaching this problem. Semantics-based debugging: from debugging to verification. Debugging tools can also be developed to a large extent language-independently. Moreover, in combination with support for symbolic execution and conjecturing (circularity) claims, debugging can be smoothly extended into an interactive program verification. So suppose that you have a semantics to your programming language, and that you have a program in your language in which we know or you believe that you have a bug. What you typically do with a conventional debugger, you can also do with the language semantics. For example, you may want to execute the program step-by-step and to observe how the state changes at each step. There is better way to see that than by tracing the rewrite-based execution of your semantics. Indeed, this way you can literally see everything in the program configuration, not only what a particular, adhoc language-specific debugging tool allows you to see. For example, you can browse through the stack frames of each of the threads alive, or through the output generated so far, or you can check which threads can progress and which are blocked, or what are the next possible execution steps, and so on. And storing the sequence of rewrite rule applications, you can jump back and forth through the execution trace and see how the configuration/state looked like at each moment in the past, or advance as many steps as you wish in the future. Also, you can obviously set "breakpoints" in the program, by simply inserting an artificial instruction there which has no semantics, so the execution will stop there for you to see the entire configuration. Together with some relatively simple and still language-independent visualization mechanism, such as hiding thinks that you do not care about in the configuration, for example replacing them with "...", we should be able to offer a language-independent debugger in the K framework that offers all the features that conventional debuggers offer. But we can go a lot further than what a conventional debugger can do! For example, how about executing the program until the configuration matches a certain pattern of interest, where the pattern can be any matching logic formula? With such a feature, you can set semantic breakpoints. Here are some examples: breakpoint when program variables x and y have the same value; or when you reach the 10th function call; or whem function <t>f</tt> is called with value 7; or when x points to a singly linked list in the heap; or then the heap can be organized as a circular list; etc. And we can go even much further! We can execute the program symbolically, and still do all the above. This allows you to cover a whole bunch of inputs in one run. Moreover, you can symbolically investigate different paths in your program in search for the bug systematically, picking points in the program that you want to cover and then have the generic symbolic execution infrastructure find the constraints under which those points are reachable, and solve the constraints for you to give you the concrete inputs that would get you there. And we can go even much much further! If you do not want to waste your time waiting for a loop to execute many iterations, or avoid undecidability issues when executing it symbolically in order to find a bug that lurks after the loop, a semantics-based debugging infrastructure based on reachability logic should allow you to simply provide a reachability rule that summarizes the loop in question. Then you do not have to execute the loop, you can apply its corresponding reachability rule and then continue to execute the code after the loop in search for your bug. And if you want to also be absolutely sure that your reachability rule abstraction for the loop is correct, then you can do the same for the loop itself, that is execute it symbolically to check the claimed reachability rule in hopes to find bugs in the loop. And we can go all the way and even verify the program! Indeed, there is not much left to do on top of the above in order to verify your program. You can start with a set of reachability rules that you want to verify against the program, or to debug the program against them if you like this perspective better, then add some more reachability claims if you want to, such as for some loops and some functions, and then check/debug each of them separately, using any of them as a shortcut whenever possible during the process. If you find any problem in the process, then you either found a bug in the program or you claimed wrong properties, so you need to fix something. If you manage to complete checking all of them, then congratulations, you just verified your program! So semantics-based debugging is not only possible, but it can go where no other debugger ever dreamed of going. We have started designing and developing such a debugger, but there is still a lot of work left. You can see our current progress on our K Debugger wiki. Type systems and abstract interpretations in K and reachability logic. As shown in the K tutorial, type systems or static semantics can be defined for languages following the same approach that we use for the semantics: rewrite rules. For technical details, check the Technical Reports on K, starting with the 2003 lecture notes: For how to define polymorphic type systems (with type inference) using rewriting, see: A Rewriting Logic Approach to Type Inference Chucky Ellison, Traian Florin Serbanuta and Grigore Rosu PDF, Slides(PDF), LNCS, WADT'08, BIB Technical report UIUCDCS-R-2008-2934, March 2008 For abstract-interpretation style analyses, for the domain of units of measurement, see Rule-Based Analysis of Dimensional Safety Feng Chen and Grigore Rosu and Ram Prasad Venkatesan RTA'03, LNCS 2706, pp197 - 207. 2003. PDF, LNCS, RTA'03, DBLP, BIB Certifying Measurement Unit Safety Policy Grigore Rosu and Feng Chen ASE'03, IEEE, pp. 304 - 309. 2003. PDF, IEEE, ASE'03, BIB and for the domain of astronomical calculations/geometry see Certifying Domain-Specific Policies Michael Lowry and Thomas Pressburger and Grigore Rosu ASE'01, IEEE, pp 81-90. 2001 PDF, Slides(PPT), AutoFilter, DOI, ASE'01, BIB For an approach to define abstract interpretations using membership equational logic and Maude see Interpreting Abstract Interpretations in Membership Equational Logic Bernd Fischer and Grigore Rosu RULE'01, Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science 59(4), pp 271-285. 2001 PDF, Maude, DOI, BIB For a generic framework for adding abstractions to C, see our work on plugable policies for C. An obvious work that needs to be done here is to write up and publish the definitions of type systems in the K tutorial, especially the Dammas-Milner polymorphic type inferencer. There are some tricky technical mathematical details that need to be clarified there with regards to how meta-variables and sets of them are used. Then we need to develop a foundation for proving such semantic abstractions of a language correct; for example, type preservation and progress style properties. Automating such proofs would be very useful. Can we generalize the nice result by Stump and his students on proving type preservation using confluence to any abstractions? That is, take a concrete language semantics L and an abstract semantics of it A; that define correctness of A wrt L as some notion of confluence of the aggregation L+A. It cannot be ordinary confluence, because some terms are irrelevant and possibly non-confluent (e.g., terms corresponding to programs which are undefined or do not type), it will be what is called relative confluence in the literature, that is, confluence wrt only some terms. Finally, it would also be quite useful to develop a theory and technique to define abstractions compactly using a specialized notation, and then have the abstract language semantics be generated automatically from it. Binders with matching logic. Matching logic has a general notion of symbol, which captures both operational and predicate symbols as special cases. Symbols together with logical connectives and quantifiers can be used to build patterns, and the meaning of a pattern is that of the set of all the elements that match it. Equality can be defined as a pattern in matching logic, that is, it needs not be axiomatized like we do in FOL with equality. In fact, turns out that matching logic has the same expressiveness as FOL with equality, so in can be regarded as a variant of FOL that allows a more compact notation; indeed, translation to FOL with equality incurs an explosion in the size of the formula, including adding new quantifiers, so the translation has more of a theoretical than practical relevance. The conventional meaning of operational and predicate symbols can be regained adding patterns, including equality patterns. See this paper to recall matching logic: When it gets to defining higher-order language or calculi, matching logic appears to suffer from the same problems as FOL: it provides no explicit support for binders in terms, for bound variable renaming, or for substitution. On the other hand, we have developed a generalization of FOL that adds generic support for terms with binders, via the more general mechanism of a so-called term syntax: Term-Generic Logic Andrei Popescu and Grigore Rosu Journal of Theoretical Computer Science, Volume 577(1), pp 1-24. 2015 PDF, project, DOI, Journal of Theoretical Computer Science, BIB The idea is that you start with a generic notion of term, which is axiomatized rather than constructed, and then build the entire FOL infrastructure on top of that. Everything works, including Gentzen proof systems and soundness and completeness results that smoothly generalize the classic FOL results. The challenge here is to find an elegant and powerful mechanism to deal with binders in matching logic, and thus support not only first-order but also higher-order language definitions and calculi. Note that the K implementation of matching logic actually supports all these, but in a rather adhoc manner. We need a solid foundation for this. One obvious thing to do is to try to combine term-generic logic with matching logic. Another is to try to take advantage of the fact that in matching logic we can quantify over terms and we have equality as a pattern with the expected properties, and do things like this: syntax Exp ::= "prelambda" Var "." Exp // to always be preceded by an existential quantifier "exists X" \| "premu" Var . Exp \| Exp Exp' // syntactic sugar macro lambda X . E = (exists X . prelambda X . E) macro mu X . E = (exists X . premu X . E) rule (lambda X . E) E' => E[E'/X] // the usual matching logic substitution rule mu X . E => E[(mu X . E)/X] The use of the substitution is probably unnecessary above. Can we replace it with equality and then rely on the properties of equality (recall that equality is definable in matching logic)? rule (lambda X . E) E' => E /\ (X = E') rule mu X . E => E /\ (X = mu X . E) Can we deal with all binders that elegantly? How about other binders, nominal logic, HOAS, etc.? Note that the nominal logic style encoding of lambda X . E, namely as lambda([X] E) where [X] E is a generic version of binder with no specific semantics except that it is a binder, does not seem to work in our context by just replacing [X] E with exists X . E, because of semantic reasons. Indeed, the matching logic semantics of the existential is the union of all X instances of the semantics of E; once we compute the union, then the parametricity in X is completely lost, so applying a lambda on it does not seem to work. On the other hand, with our definition above, the union is calculated over all the semantics of prelambda X . E. In other words, we put together all the particular "implementations" of a function. Indeed, patterns like prelambda X . X and prelambda Y . Y may have different interpretations in a particular model M under a particular interpretation rho, but the interpretation of lambda X . X, that is, of exists X . prelambda X . X, will contain both: rho(prelambda X . X) and rho(prelambda Y . Y) included in rho(lambda X . X). So, in some sense, it is like in the relationship between an NFA and its associated equivalent DFA: a state of the DFA corresponds to the set of equivalent states of the NFA. Similarly, the interpretation of lambda X . X is the union of all the equivalent identity functions. Migrate Circ (circular coinduction) examples/theory to K/Circularity rule. Behavioral equivalence, in the sense of indistinguishability under experiments, and the automated circular coinduction technique to prove behavioral equivalence, were at the core of my PhD thesis: Hidden Logic PhD Thesis, University of California at San Diego PDF, Thesis@UCSD, BIB The Circularity rule of reachability logic, and how we automate its application in K, were to a large extent inspired from that early work in my PhD thesis and several subsequent papers discussed below. I believe it is important to unify or reconcile these two approaches to circular reasoning, both from a foundational and from a practical perspective. Such a unification could also let us better understand productivity and generalize it to the level of programming languages and their verification. Maybe novel and powerful automated verification techniques will be discovered in the process. Besides my PhD thesis above, here are a few papers that might be useful to better understand circular coinduction and how we dealt with circularity and its automation before the Circularity rule in reachability logic and K: Automating Coinduction with Case Analysis Eugen-Ioan Goriac, Dorel Lucanu and Grigore Rosu ICFEM'10, LNCS 6447, pp 220-236. 2010 PDF, LNCS, ICFEM'10, CIRC, BIB Circular Coinduction with Special Contexts Dorel Lucanu and Grigore Rosu PDF, Slides(PDF), LNCS, ICFEM'09, BIB Circular Coinduction: A Proof Theoretical Foundation Grigore Rosu and Dorel Lucanu CALCO'09, LNCS 5728, pp 127-144. 2009 Slides (PDF), LNCS, CALCO'09, DBLP, BIB CIRC: A Circular Coinductive Prover PDF, CIRC webpage, CALCO'07, BIB Migrating all the examples in the old Circ prover to K is a good indication that, at least at the practical/automation level, the current approach captures the old one. Here are two papers that discuss complexity results for behavioral equivalence, and also touch the topic of productivity: Equality of Streams is a Pi_2^0-Complete Problem ICFP'06, ACM, 2006 PDF, ICFP'06 Slides, ACM, ICFP'06, BIB Similar results should be generalizable to the level of matching/reachability logic and, as I said above, doing so may reveal new results and definitely a deeper understanding. Here is a paper where we generalized the notion of productivity from streams to arbitrary behavioral theories: So in case we find a smooth generalization of such general behavioral rewrite systems, then we can also handle productivity as we know it for streams. Finally, here are some papers taking a different general view at behavioral equivalence: Behavioral Extensions of Institutions CALCO'05, LNCS 3629, pp. 331-347. 2005 PDF, CALCO'05 Slides, LNCS , CALCO '05, DBLP, BIB Behavioral Abstraction is Hiding Information J. of TCS, Volume 327(1-2), pp 197-221. 2004 Inductive Behavioral Proofs by Unhiding CMCS'03, ENTCS 82(1). 2003 PDF, ENTCS, CMCS'03, Experiments, DBLP, BIB Understanding them could be useful for cracking this problem. Define/Implement K in K. A framework which is Turing complete (that is, it can express any Turing machine, or any computable domain) and reflective (that is, it can express itself in itself) can be regarded as an alternative foundation or model of computation, both from a theoretical and from a practical perspective. The Turing completeness is sufficient for the theoretical part, because we can always represent the universal Turing machine in it and by that anything that can be done using conventional computability theory can also be done with the framework. But that may not be practical. We want the framework to be reflective, too, and if possible, elegantly reflective. See the Maude documentation on its reflection for a good understanding of what we are after. We would like not only to do the same for K, but we plan on implementing K that way, in fact. Specifically, we want to define a minimal Turing complete and reflective version of K, which we are currently referring to as KORE. KORE will therefore have all the power that we need. But it will miss convenient features, such as defining multiple productions separated with `\|`, or parametric modules, etc. Then we can define in KORE all these convenient features that together form what we call K, as an extension of the definition of KORE in KORE. Maximal causality as a configuration space reduction for semantics-based verification. We have shown that we can go way beyond the usual Lamport happens-before in what regards causal dependence between events in a concurrent program execution trace: Maximal Causal Models for Sequentially Consistent Systems Traian Florin Serbanuta and Feng Chen and Grigore Rosu RV'12, LNCS 7687, pp 136-150. 2012 PDF, Slides(PDF), JPredictor, DOI, RV'12, BIB Maximal Sound Predictive Race Detection with Control Flow Abstraction Jeff Huang and Patrick Meredith and Grigore Rosu PDF, Slides(PPT), Slides(PDF), jPredictor, DOI, PLDI'14, BIB Lamport's happens-before is a trivial partial order generated by ordering all the accesses to each shared resource. For example, if in a particular program execution a thread/process reads x before a another thread/process writes x, then we add a less-then relation between the read and the write. Similarly for all concurrent objects (locks, semaphores, monitors, etc.), carefully taking into account their semantics or access protocol. Together with the total execution order on each thread, this gives us a partial order on all the events in the execution trace, called the causal dependence, with the intuition that each smaller even has caused a larger one in the observed execution; but two un-ordered events are independent, meaning that they can be permuted and we still get a feasible execution of the same program. In other words, any linearization of Laport's causal dependence partial order is a feasible execution of the original program. Now if any of these linearizations violates a desired property of the program, then you detected a bug in the original program, even if the bug was not directly visible in the original, flat execution trace. This natural idea was the basis of what we called predictive runtime analysis (PRA) back in 2001-2002, although note that the "predictions" are always correct; if implemented properly, there should be no false alarms reported. PRA has been mostly used to predict data-races, but there is no conceptual restriction to limit it to data-races. Some researchers think that Lamport's happens-before is what causal dependence is all about; they even define causal dependence that way. Others, including ourselves, have tried hard to extend the notion to include more linearizations. Why? Because this way you can have a better prediction capability in tools, and thus have better bug detection performance still without false positives. There is a series of papers where generalizations of Lamport's happens-before were proposed. For example, you can only relate a write with all the reads following it, and thus move them all together before or after other similar semantic blocks; this is obviously not a partial order anymore, it is a disjunction of partial orders. Similarly, you can permute synchronized blocks provided that there are no data dependencies between them. And you can go even further if you are not interested in the exact values that are read in variables, but only that a read event has taken place. All these are explained and all the literature discussed in depth in the two papers above. Our major contribution to this area, presented in the papers above, is to show that there is a maximal causal model. In other words: From one execution trace you can extract a maximal causal model, with the property that it comprises exactly all the executions that could be generated by any program that could generate the original trace! Please read the previous sentence again. Once more, because it is trickier than it may seem. This tells us that any sound dynamic analysis or runtime verification tool, no matter how sophisticated it is, cannot detect more errors from the same execution trace than a tool based on our maximal causal model. The commercial tool RV-Predict implements the maximal causal model technique, so unless it has implementation errors, it should be the best dynamic race-detection tool that detects no false positives. We believe that the maximal causal model idea can be significantly generalized, to go well beyond the simplistic model based on variable reads, variable writes and concurrency objects. Specifically, we believe it can be generalized to work with any programming language semantics. Indeed, the K semantic rules have a read-only part, a write-only part, and a don't care part. We should be able to axiomatize the basic principles of semantic execution based on positions in the configuration where each rule reads/writes, the same way we axiomatized the sequentially consistent program execution in our papers above. Then, based on that, to obtain a general notion of maximal causality that applies to any programming language, based entire on its semantics. To confirm that it is the right notion, when applied to the toy language considered in our papers above it should give the same maximal causality, and when applied to the Java semantics it should give the same model as the one in RV-Predict, so it should detect the same maximal number of data-races. The above will have at least two major benefits. First, it will yield RV-Predict-like tools for lots of languages, not only for Java. Second, and more importantly, it will yield a very aggressive partial-order reduction mechanism for program verification. Indeed, we can use it in our K-based deductive verification or model checking tools to run the program symbolically in a managed environment, to divide-and-conquer the problem quite elegantly: (1) develop efficient techniques to analyze each causal model generated by each execution; and (2) make sure that at each execution a (maximally) causally different model is observed, i.e., the generated execution does not belong to the maximal causal model generated by any of the previously observed executions. This idea has been discussed in our FSL group for several years by now. Qingzhou Luo has made some interesting and in my view convincing experiments in his PhD thesis showing that this can bring significant benefits. A former member of our group, Jeff Huang, has published similar results in PLDI'15. Make sure you check Qingzhou's and Jeff's works out, too, and even contact them to ask what the current status of their work is. Take also a look at the related play and replay challenge. Playing and replaying program executions. When finding errors in a system using program analysis or verification or even testing tools, you often want to be able to play or replay the erroneous execution so you can better understand the bug. For example, imagine that you are analyzing a program using the maximal causality technique, and that you found that a certain permutation of the events in the observed trace violates the property you are checking. You also know from theoretical results that the permutation is feasible. There could be, however, millions of events in the predicted execution trace. How can you help the user of your tool pinpoint and understand the bug? The best way to do it in my view would be to steer the program execution to follow the buggy path until the bug is hit. Being able to go back and forth along that execution and see all the state details in some debugger would allow the user to understand the problem well and then fix the bug. A simplified version of the problem above, which is not trivial either, is just the replay itself. Imagine you execute a Java program and you hit a bug, say a data-race. Then you want to replay the execution to see how the race really happened. Unfortunately, that is a very hard problem with little to no tool support. The program for example can read input from the user, or from sockets, or from files, and then at reply time you want to make sure that the same input is fed to the program, so that it follows that same path. You would need to modify the program (instrument it?) so that when you execute it the first time you log relevant information that allows you to replay afterwards, and then at replay time reuse that information. We started working on this problem, but there is still work to do and nothing was published yet: https://github.com/kheradmand/replaymop Runtime verification of matching logic patterns. One of the most difficult parts of program verification is to come up with the right properties to prove. Not only the global, top-level properties for the code that you want you want to verify, which are unavoidable, but also helping properties (loops invariants, assertions, pre/post conditions, etc.). Some of these may be learned or inferred using techniques like the ones discussed in the invariant inference challenge, but in general you cannot expect to automatically learn or infer all of them. Most of the time, it takes a few iterations to get these right. Whether learned automatically or provided manually, there is a need to quickly check whether they are correct or not. Ideally, you would like to check them by actually verifying the entire program, but that is going to be quite expensive in general. What is significantly cheaper is to execute the program and check them at runtime, or to runtime verify them. However, even that can be quite expensive in some cases. For example, imagine that you have a loop that iterates 1,000,000 times and at each iteration it allocates a new node in a tree represented somehow in the heap, and that the pattern that you want to check is that the tree structure in the heap is maintained. Specifying trees or other heap structures is not a problem at all, as we know from the matching logic paper: But note that the tree definition has a recursive nature, and naively checking, or matching it against a flat heap each time means re-doing all the work done at the previous iteration of the loop, plus adding the new node to the tree as well. We would like to "cache" all the matching work that we've done at the previous iterations, and only do the delta that is needed to add the effects of the new loop iteration to the already existing work. In some sense, is like dynamic programming used as a way to implement efficiently recursive algorithms by caching the previously seen results. Edgar Pek has a chapter in his thesis on this topic, but in the context of separation logic. Since matching logic captures separation logic, we hope that we should be able to devise a general efficient runtime monitoring algorithm for matching logic patterns in the same style but working at all levels in the program configuration, not only in the heap. Certifiable runtime verification Semantics-based verification opens the door for novel verification methodologies and for verification of non-conventional programming languages and programming paradigms, because all is needed is an operational semantics of the target language or paradigm, which is considerably simpler to design and define than a verification infrastructure for that language or paradigm. We have already discussed the possibility of verifying AspectJ programs in the semantics of real languages challenge. But we can go further than that. How about Monitoring-Oriented Programming, which can be regarded as one level above aspect-oriented programming? For example, suppose that you have a Java program that includes a class Resource with two methods, use() and authenticate(), and that you want to runtime verify/monitor the property: for any resource r, method r.authenticate() must always be called before r.use(); enforce safety/security by calling r.authenticate() whenever the property is violated. This property can be easily formalized and enforced using JavaMOP. What happens under the hood is that JavaMOP generates AspectJ code, which maintains a monitor for each resource for the specified property, and updates it whenever the relevant events take place at the specified pointcuts; if the monitor finds that the property is violated, then it executes the recovery code to call the authentication code, and thus the intended property that authentication precedes usage of the resource is never really violated. Can we do all the above automatically? That is, can we automatically verify that a runtime verified system is correct with respect to the property that runtime verifies? Folklore in the formal methods community goes that if you cannot verify a property then monitor it. But if you really try to do that and prove that the monitored program is correct, you realize that the problem is not as easy as one may think. In fact, it is quite complex. Worse, there are no tools to help you do it in the real world for real programming languages like Java, because complex monitoring of such languages subsumes aspect-oriented programming, and there is no real technology available off-the-shelf to verify aspect-oriented programs. Formally guaranteeing correctness with respect to the runtime verified properties is in my view one of the most important challenges that the runtime verification community needs to overcome. Let's call this problem certifiable runtime verification. Formalizing the JDK API One of the biggest challenges of the verification communities, both static and runtime, is the lack of properties to verify. There have been studies on this topic, and many engineers found that writing the properties to check/verify/monitor is the most difficult part for them and often a show stopper. One possibility, and probably the most precise, it to just formalize the properties by hand. Another could be to mine the properties from observing many execution traces. One way or another, we would like to have formal property specifications for commonly user libraries. Those can be used to verify the libraries, or to check programs using the libraries to make sure they are using the libraries correctly, that is, they do not violate the usage protocols of those libraries. For example, in Java, if you create an iterator or an enumerator over a collection of elements, then you cannot modify the collection by adding or removing elements to it as you are iterating or enumerating it. If you do that, unexpected results can happen and one may even consider that your application is broken. We have systematically analyzed and categorized the documentation text of four packages of the JDK API, and found that all the properties that were implicit in the text could be formalized as what we call parametric properties: Towards Categorizing and Formalizing the JDK API Choonghwan Lee and Dongyun Jin and Patrick O'Neil Meredith and Grigore Rosu Technical Report http://hdl.handle.net/2142/30006, March 2012 PDF, Java API, DOI, BIB RV-Monitor: Efficient Parametric Runtime Verification with Simultaneous Properties Qingzhou Luo and Yi Zhang and Choonghwan Lee and Dongyun Jin and Patrick O'Neil Meredith and Traian Florin Serbanuta and Grigore Rosu PDF, Slides(PPTX), JavaMOP, DOI, RV'14, BIB JavaMOP, for example, takes parametric properties as input and automatically generates instrumentation and inlines efficient monitors for them in your application to monitor. Other verification tools can also make use of such properties. You can visualize these properties using a nice graphical interface that lays them out over the JavaDoc of the JDK API: https://runtimeverification.com/monitor/annotated-java-8/ If you want to see the code that is generating that, then check this github repository out: https://github.com/runtimeverification/property-db. I think formalizing the entire JDK API is probably one of the most useful projects that one can carry out. Indeed, Java is one of the most used programming languages, and almost any Java program uses the JDK API. Formalizing the JDK API would give the community a rigorous means to check the correct usage of the JDK in their programs, as well as proof obligations for the libraries themselves (that is, prove that the library implementation satisfies the specifications). Ideally, we would like the entire community of Java users and formal methods researchers to contribute to such an important project. We have created the github repository at https://github.com/runtimeverification/property-db exactly for that purpose. Maybe we need to popularize it more? Or to improve the graphical interface that layers the categorization and the current categorization over the JDK Javadoc at https://runtimeverification.com/monitor/annotated-java-8/? Parametric property mining using positive and negative examples. Related to the problem of formalizing the JDK API, it would be great to make use of property learning or mining algorithms. That is, to instrument programs making use of the libraries whose properties we want to learn, and then collect many traces and try to learn from them what properties that API ought to have. Ideally, we would like to do all this automatically. In the paper Mining Parametric Specifications Choonghwan Lee, Feng Chen and Grigore Rosu ICSE'11, ACM, pp 591-600. 2011 PDF, Slides(pptx), ACM, ICSE'11, jMiner, BIB we proposed a technique that does precisely that. We used the unit tests of the target API packages to see which groups of methods are expected to obey some property, the assumption being that if a tester wrote a test to check an interaction among a certain group of methods, most likely those methods are expected to obey some interaction protocol. Then we instrumented large applications making use of those methods to log all their calls to those methods at runtime, and this way we collected millions of execution traces. We then sliced those execution traces according to various parameter instances, and thus obtained even more traces of non-parametric events. Then using a statistical learning algorithm (k-means) we learned the regular expressions or DFAs that best explained the observed traces. In the end we learned more than 100 parametric properties of the JDK API. All the above sounds great and it may even work for some cases, but our experience was actually rather negative from a practical perspective. In the end, we ended up throwing away almost all the properties that were mined and we rewrote them by hand, as discussed in the papers discussed in the formalizing the JDK API challenge. Ironically, we had a very hard time to publish the paper about the manually written properties, which took a lot of time to get right, while the paper on automatic mining was easily accepted for publication; well, we all know how random the publication process is these days. However, I actually have some hopes that mining can in fact work in practice, but in order for that to happen we need to learn not only from positive data as we've done above (that is, from correct traces wrt the property), but also from negative data. Search on the internet for "algorithms for learning regular expressions from positive and negative data" and you will find a vast body of literature. I believe that some of those could work if we can produce good negative traces for them. A negative trace would be a trace which should not be accepted by the learned property. How can we generate such negative traces? That would be the challenge here. One can use test-case generation techniques to generate object instances, and then call the methods whose protocol you want to formalize randomly on those objects and mark as negative all the traces where uncaught exceptions are thrown (the hypothesis here being that those sequences of calls should not be part of the property). Or take some positive traces obtained in some large programs, and serialize the object instances on which they were called, save them in a file and then log all the calls to the target methods on them; then load the serialized objects and only call the logged methods on them, in the logged order. This way, you obtain minimal programs that generate positive traces, programs which consist of loading the object parameters followed by sequences of method calls. Well, take these programs and re-order the method calls, then run the resulting programs and if they throw exceptions then mark the way they reordered the methods as negative traces. Maybe other ideas will come as you play with this. Anyway, please use our insight and experience, and stop wasting your time learning parametric properties from only positive traces. If you are interested in mining, spend your time wisely and come up with smart techniques to generate negative traces. Then use the best algorithms that you can find to learn from both positive and negative traces. I believe something useful will come out of this, which can then be used in some automated manner to mine the properties of the entire JDK API: use unit tests as we did to find groups of methods that are expected to interact and thus obey interaction protocols, then use large applications to collect positive traces, then use some techniques to also collect negative traces, and then learn the regular expressions or DFAs. You can also do this in a loop, until you converge and cannot improve the property you learn. Offline analysis of large logs. Many companies and institutions these days collect huge logs of data for their records, auditing, and in general any kind of analysis. It is not unusual for a web service company to log every single action that any customer takes on their server. There is therefore a need for efficient algorithms and techniques to analyze large logs of data. By large in this context we mean logs of hundreds of GBs or even TBs or PBs of data. Conventional monitoring algorithms can be used to analyze such logs, by simply reading the log entries in order and processing them as if they were generated online. But the advantage of log analysis is that you have random access to all the entries in the log, in any order. Interestingly, there are trace analysis algorithms that are significantly more efficient than online algorithms when they have random access to the entries in the trace. See, for example, an extreme case in these two papers, where a future-time LTL checking algorithm is linear both in the trace and in the formula when it can process the trace backwards: Synthesizing Dynamic Programming Algorithms from Linear Temporal Logic Formulae Grigore Rosu and Klaus Havelund Technical Report https://ti.arc.nasa.gov/m/pub-archive/archive/0220.pdf, January 2001 Rewriting-Based Techniques for Runtime Verification J.ASE, Volume 12(2), pp 151-197. 2005 PDF, MOP, DOI, J.ASE, BIB It is known that any forwards future-time LTL algorithm requires exponential time and space in the formula, so the fact that the entire trace is available upfront can make a big difference. It is also know that a dynamic programming algorithm similar to the one used above for future-time LTL can be applied to past-time LTL, too, in which case the trace analysis proceeds in a forwards manner: Efficient Monitoring of Safety Properties Klaus Havelund and Grigore Rosu J. of STTT, Volume 6(2), pp 158-173. 2004 PDF, J.STTT, BIB Synthesizing Monitors for Safety Properties TACAS'02, LNCS 2280, pp 342-356. 2002 PDF, Slides(PPT), MOP, DOI, TACAS'02, BIB And that algorithm can be extended to work with nested call-return events, to monitor stack-related properties without touching the stack: Synthesizing Monitors for Safety Properties -- This Time With Calls and Returns -- Grigore Rosu, Feng Chen and Thomas Ball RV'08, LNCS 5289, pp 51-68, 2008 PDF, RV'08, BIB A natural question here is how far we can push these dynamic-programming-style algorithms for off-line log analysis? For example, how rich can the logical formalism to express properties be so that we can have linear or close to linear complexity algorithms for off-line checking? It looks like we should at least be able to support the entire LTL, both past-time and future-time. Can we also add support to call-return events to the logic? How about time, can we add it to the logic as well (see the RV of times properties challenge, too)? Another interesting category of properties is regular expressions, possibly extended with complement (to also allow you to say that certain patterns should not match); see also the ERE membership checking challenge. I would also include here the development of appropriate finite-trace logics and complete deduction for them. The logs are large but finite, so such logics are appropriate for log analysis. Complete deduction for such logics helps us generate optimal monitors, by statically deriving the formula in all possible ways depending on the next event, and then proving when the obtained formulae are equivalent to previous ones. One of the nicest monitor generation technique that I've worked on does the above in a coinductive style; see the monitor generation using coinduction challenge. Also, for really large logs, it may even be the case that an algorithm that needs to read all the entries in the log may already be too slow, even if it processes each entry in constant, even zero time. Note that the log may not even be stored in one place, it may be distributed across many different machines and even geographical sites. We would like algorithms that split the trace in chunks and then analyze each chunk separately and in parallel with the other chunks, if possible. Extended Regular Expression (ERE) Membership Checking. Checking whether a word belongs to the language of an extended regular expression (ERE) is a problem that challenged me several times, and I still don't have a good solution. The problem starts with the fact that once you extend the language of regular expressions with complement, you have a potential non-elementary explosion in the size of the DFA or NFA monitor. Indeed, to complement an NFA you have to first determinize it, which comes at an exponential cost. Now if you have nested complement operations, then you have multiple exponential explosions, in the worst case as many as proportional with the size of the ERE. This can simply make the generation of the DFA or NFA monitor impossible, if we follow the usual approach. To approach the problem from a different angle, we first tried an approach where you do not generate any automata statically. Instead, generate only the path that you are on, dynamically, as you receive events from the monitored system. We do that using derivatives and rewriting, together with simplification rules to keep the size of the ERE bounded: Testing Extended Regular Language Membership Incrementally by Rewriting Grigore Rosu and Mahesh Viswanathan RTA'03, Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS) 2706, pp 499-514. 2003 PDF, Slides(PPT), MOP, DOI, RTA'03, BIB Not only that we proved that the ERE size is bounded, but we also proved that its overall size is only exponential, so the non-elementary explosion can be avoided this way. Unfortunately, our proof, which is quite complex, had an error; the error was found by Prasanna Thati, a PhD student at UIUC back in 2004. Frustratingly, that sent us back into a non-elementary complexity of online ERE membership checking. I actually proved in the meanwhile that the complexity is indeed non-elementary, that is, if you want to check online a trace of size `n` against the language of an ERE of size `m`, then you cannot do better that `Omega(n * 2^(2^(2^...)))`, where the exponential tower is as deep as the number of nested complement operations in the ERE; let me know if you want to see the proof, I have it in a book draft which I can send you if interested. But we nevertheless liked our rewrite-based monitoring algorithm. The problem with it, though, is that you have to pay the price of rewriting the ERE at each event. Since the formula can potentially grow non-elementarily large, that means that the runtime overhead may be potentially quite high in some cases. One thing which can be done is to mimic the rewrite-based monitoring procedure statically and cache all the relevant EREs that it goes through as states, and this way generate a monitor as an automaton whose states correspond to EREs (but relabeled as numbers, for efficiency): Generating Optimal Monitors for Extended Regular Expressions Koushik Sen and Grigore Rosu RV'03, Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science 89(2), pp 226-245. 2003 PDF, MOP, DOI, RV'03, BIB While we know we cannot avoid the non-elementary explosion in the worst case, at least we hope that this way we avoid intermediate explosions that you might have with the conventional approach which do not result in an explosion in the final monitor automaton. For example, consider an ERE of the form `~(~(~(~(~(~(~r))))))`. This is equivalent to `r` and our monitor generation technique above will completely avoid the unnecessary exponential explosion that the naive algorithm suffers from. It would be nice to implement the above very efficiently and then do some experiments to compare its efficiency with the conventional approach. Maybe even turn it into a library that languages using regexes can incorporate. See also the monitor generation using coinduction challenge. But what if the entire trace is available, like in the off-line analysis of large logs challenge? Can we come up with better algorithms for ERE membership checking if we have random access to the trace? We managed to improve a bit the best known lower bounds: An Effective Algorithm for the Membership Problem for Extended Regular Expressions FOSSACS'07, LNCS 4423, pp 332-345, 2007 PDF, FOSSACS'07, BIB We showed that if we have a trace of size `n` and an ERE of size `m`, then we can check the membership of the trace to the language of the ERE in time `O(n^2 * (log n + m) * 2^m)`, while the previous best algorithms had complexity `Omega(n^3)`. So only exponential in `m`, which means that this algorithm may work in situations where the online algorithm cannot generate or store the monitor for the ERE. However, it is still annoying that you have to pay such a high `n^2 * log n` cost in the size of the execution trace. Can we push that down to linear complexity or `O(n * log n)` in the execution trace? If not, then prove so. Optimal Monitor generation using coinduction. There is a nice relationship between monitor generation and circular coinduction. We used it for generating optimal monitors for extended regular expressions and for linear temporal logic: Generating Optimal Linear Temporal Logic Monitors by Coinduction Koushik Sen and Grigore Rosu and Gul Agha ASIAN'03, Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS) 2896, pp 260-275. 2003 PDF, MOP, DOI, ASIAN'03, BIB The idea is to start with the formula/pattern/specification for which you want to generate an optimal monitor, and then derive it in all possible ways, one step, depending on what the next even can be. That is, considering a formula `PHI` and an event `e`, the derived formula `PHI{e}` is a formula `PHI'` with the property that `PHI'` holds on a given trace `t` if and only if `PHI` holds on the trace `e t`. Each time a new formula is derived, check if it is equivalent to some formula that has already been seen. If yes, then discard the new formula. If not, then add the new formula to the pool and keep deriving. Now the interesting part is that in order to check for equivalence by circular coinduction, you also derive the two involved formulae. As you derive them, it makes sense to cache all the formulae that you reach in the process, because they will likely be needed again. The challenge is how to do this efficiently. Our previous solutions only showed that the concept makes sense, but we have not really put much effort into making that process efficient. Ideally, we would like to combine the derivation process that unveils the optimal monitor with the circular coinductive checking, and apply them both synchronously making sure that no work is repeated. Another challenge is to understand how general this monitor generation process can be. For example, what "API" should a given logical formalism provide in order to apply this coinductive technique to it? It should obviously provide a derivative operation that takes a formula and an event and returns another formula. It would likely also provide some formula simplification procedure. Anything else needed? Runtime verification of timed properties. Runtime verification and monitoring of times properties raises many interesting and challenging problems. For example, who keeps track of the time? Does the monitor have its own clock, or do the events come already time stamped? Does the monitor generate timeouts, or the event sequence somehow magically is assumed to provide a special timeout event? When are the timeouts generated and by whom? Now supposing that somehow the monitor is made aware of the time, what would the best formalism for specifying timed properties be? We know that timed automata have some complexity challenges, and we often do not need their full generality. Besides, in many cases users prefer a more declarative formalism, such as variants of temporal logic. We have investigated the problem of monitoring metric temporal logic properties, where the events were assumed to arrive time-stamped: Monitoring Algorithms for Metric Temporal Logic Prasanna Thati and Grigore Rosu RV'05, Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science 113, pp 145-162. 2005 We employed a rewrite-based approach, following the approach in but it would be nice to generate some sort of timed automata from such mtl properties, maybe using the coinductive approach. Evolution-aware program analysis. Program analysis tends to be very expensive, no matter whether we are talking about static of dynamic analysis. On the other hand, software to be analyzed evolves incrementally, in small steps. Ideally, we would like to be able to reuse analysis efforts from one version of the software to the next. A trivial example is when you verify a function and that function does not change from one version to the next; then obviously we do not need to verify that function again. But how about another function which changes that calls the function we verified? We may or may not need to verify it fully, depending on what changed and on the property. The challenge here is to develop a general infrastructure for evolution-aware program analysis. We started working on this in the context of runtime monitoring of MOP properties: Evolution-Aware Monitoring-Oriented Programming Owolabi Legunsen and Darko Marinov and Grigore Rosu ICSE NIER'15, ACM, pp 615-618. 2015 PDF, Slides(PDF), JavaMOP, DOI, ICSE NIER'15, BIB But this is only the beginning, there is a lot of work to be done. I am particularly interested in a general approach to state what a software analysis tools does, and how the code changes interfere with it. In other words, how does a delta on your code impact the analysis? What properties need not be verified/checked because they are not impacted? Among those you need to verify, do you need to verify them fully or only partially? In the case of runtime analysis you may only need to instrument some paths, and in the case of symbolic execution you may only need to analyze some paths, all depending on the changes in the code and on the property to check. Retrieved from "http://fsl.cs.illinois.edu/index.php?title=Open_Problems_and_Challenges_2016&oldid=17961"	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line99
__label__wiki	0.859873	0.859873	The Plague in Ancient Athens: A Cautionary Tale for America by Fred Zilian The United States in some respects has fared better under COVID than Athens did during the plague that accompanied the Peloponnesian War: a vaccine is in sight, and our head of state survived the day's most feared disease. But in both cases, disease showed the strains and cracks of a society and political system that will be difficult to repair. How Venetians Invented Health Care by Meredith F. Small It's been widely discussed during this pandemic year that Venetians invented the quarantine. But the author of a new book on Venice's history of innovation argues that it was just one of the public health measures for which we can thank them. Medieval Europeans Didn’t Understand how the Plague Spread. Their Response Wasn’t so Different from Ours Now "As we spoke with historians and searched for the plague’s lasting marks, what stood out most were the similarities, 672 years apart." SOURCE: Slate When 194,000 Deaths Doesn’t Sound Like So Many by Rebecca Onion Historian Jacqueline Wernimont explains that the rise of quantification helps to obscure the human beings behind the numbers and makes the COVID-19 toll seem more acceptable. Ancient Teeth Show History of Epidemics is Much Older than we Thought Scientists and archaeologists now believe that the plague bacteria, which caused the medieval Black Death, infected humans roughly 5,000 years ago in the Stone Age. SOURCE: Chronicle of Higher Education When Plague Is Not a Metaphor by Hunter Gardner It's not always a blessing when current events make a researcher's specialty suddenly and urgently relevant. SOURCE: Science From Black Death to Fatal Flu, Past Pandemics Show Why People on the Margins Suffer Most Evidence from bioanthropology and history suggests that late medieval plagues (and other pandemics) are not levelling forces; they often reinforce the divisions in society. How Humans Have Reacted To Pandemics Through History – A Visual Guide From arguments about masks to riots outside hospitals, history shows some common threads in the human response to pandemics. SOURCE: TIME Christian Groups That Resist Public-Health Guidelines Are Forgetting a Key Part of the Religion's History by Matthew Gabriele Scholars have shown that a large part of Christianity’s attraction in the Roman world was that it cared for the welfare of the people who were suffering. What History Can Teach Us About Building a Fairer Society After Coronavirus Local protests and uprisings against landlords had happened before, but after the Black Death they became more common. Defoe’s Journal of the Plague Year and the Year of COVID-19 by Frank Palmeri Defoe's accomplishment as a work of history lies not so much in the accuracy of its numbers or facts as in its power as a work of fiction, in the observing eye and skeptical intelligence of H.F., and in the stories he tells, which convey through common language and the details of common life what it was like to live through the plague. SOURCE: The New Yorker What Our Contagion Fables Are Really About by Jill Lepore In the literature of pestilence, the greatest threat isn’t the loss of human life but the loss of what makes us human. The Plague That Killed Athenian Democracy by Robert Zaretsky Want to know how disease can permanently alter a society? Read Thucydides. SOURCE: History.com How 5 of History's Worst Pandemics Finally Ended Here’s how five of the world’s worst pandemics finally ended. Shakespeare Wrote His Best Works During a Plague by Daniel Pollack-Peltzner The most heartening lesson from Shakespeare’s era is that the playhouses will likely survive and reopen, again and again. What plays to perform when they do? SOURCE: Smithsonian The Justinianic Plague's Devastating Impact Was Likely Exaggerated by Katherine J. Wu After poring through data ranging from historical texts to pollen samples and mortuary archaeology, an international team of researchers has concluded that reports of the havoc wreaked by the Justinianic plague may have been exaggerated. The first time the plague broke out in the US, Officials tried to deny it by Becky Little In 1900, newspapers and politicians claimed the doctor trying to stop the plague had made the whole thing up. SOURCE: Science Magazine The Black Death may have transformed medieval societies in sub-Saharan Africa Some researchers point to new evidence from archaeology, history, and genetics to argue that the Black Death likely did sow devastation in medieval sub-Saharan Africa. SOURCE: The Local Ancient strain of plague found in Sweden – and it could rewrite history A group of researchers from Sweden, Denmark and France analyzed skeletons from a tomb outside Falköping and found DNA traces of yersinia petis, the bacteria that cause plague. New Study: Plague outbreaks that ravaged Europe for centuries were driven by climate changes in Asia These outbreaks were traditionally thought to be caused by rodent reservoirs of infected rats lurking in Europe’s cities, or potentially by rodent reservoirs in the wilderness. But research published in the journal PNAS suggests otherwise.	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line100
__label__cc	0.593746	0.406254	‘Ōlelo-Tech KeolaDonaghy.com Hawaiian Music, Language and Technology. With A Dash of Ethnomusicology. Me te reo Māori. Kia kaha! ‘Ōlelo-Tech Disclaimer Papa Pihi (Hawaiian Keyboard) for Chrome OS Hawaiian Fonts Overview Hawaiian Support In iPhone/iPad/iPod/iOS Macintosh OS X Google in ‘Ōlelo Hawai‘i ‘Ōlelo Hawai‘i on the WWW Hawaiian Support in iOS 5 Windows 8 (and Older Versions) MS Word Tricks Hawaiian Support in Windows 10 Converting Hawaiian Text In Word Using Visual Basic Macros Theses, Publications, and Presentations Aia I Ka La‘i Aloha Keauhou Facebook Hula Ka Lei Momi Ke Aloha Kalikimaka Ku‘uleihaukeaokapiliaumoe Nā Hōkū Pio ‘Ole Nā Holo Mokokika (The Motosquito Riders) Core Dumps Hawai’i storms back for Little League crown. August 28, 2005 Keola Donaghy Congratulations to the youngers from ‘Ewa Beach on O’ahu for their tremendous accomplishment. They overcame a blown call by the homeplate umpire which could have cost them their composure and well-deserved victory, but persevered in what some already call the greatest game in Little League World Series history. Well done, lads. Cutting The Cable, Pt 1 August 16, 2014 August 16, 2014 Keola Donaghy Core Dumps Hawai‘i Music Music Industry Nā Hōkū Hanohano 101, Part 2: Eligibility March 30, 2014 July 5, 2017 Keola Donaghy Previous: Poor state of Irish music. Next: Slim pickings in London. Archives Select Month January 2021 (1) January 2016 (1) October 2015 (1) August 2014 (1) April 2014 (1) March 2014 (3) November 2013 (2) October 2013 (3) September 2013 (1) May 2013 (3) April 2013 (2) March 2013 (3) January 2013 (3) November 2012 (2) June 2012 (1) March 2012 (1) December 2011 (3) October 2011 (4) September 2011 (2) August 2011 (3) July 2011 (2) June 2011 (4) April 2011 (6) March 2011 (4) February 2011 (2) January 2011 (2) December 2010 (1) August 2010 (1) April 2010 (1) December 2009 (1) November 2009 (1) October 2009 (2) September 2009 (4) August 2009 (1) July 2009 (1) June 2009 (4) May 2009 (1) April 2009 (1) January 2009 (3) December 2008 (1) October 2008 (1) August 2008 (2) July 2008 (3) June 2008 (8) May 2008 (23) April 2008 (11) March 2008 (5) February 2008 (6) January 2008 (14) December 2007 (6) November 2007 (4) October 2007 (8) September 2007 (19) August 2007 (4) July 2007 (7) June 2007 (10) May 2007 (3) April 2007 (6) March 2007 (2) February 2007 (1) January 2007 (3) December 2006 (2) November 2006 (4) October 2006 (6) September 2006 (7) August 2006 (7) July 2006 (5) June 2006 (5) May 2006 (5) April 2006 (6) March 2006 (12) February 2006 (13) January 2006 (9) December 2005 (6) November 2005 (3) October 2005 (2) September 2005 (9) August 2005 (15) July 2005 (17) June 2005 (33) May 2005 (5) April 2005 (6) March 2005 (19) February 2005 (31) January 2005 (42) December 2004 (17) November 2004 (16) October 2004 (16) July 2004 (6) June 2004 (17) May 2004 (7) March 2004 (5) January 2004 (20) December 2003 (7) November 2003 (8) October 2003 (10) September 2003 (16) August 2003 (8) July 2003 (7) June 2003 (1) April 2003 (1) January 2003 (3) September 2002 (1) August 2002 (6) July 2002 (33) June 2002 (42) May 2002 (12) April 2002 (14) March 2002 (3) January 2002 (7) December 2001 (16) android Aotearoa apple beer donegal Dunedin enehana england ethnomusicology fonts Gaeilge google grammys hackintosh haku mele hawaiian hawaiian language hawaiian music hawaii island health hilo immigration iphone ireland irish kauai music festival keyboard kiss my ‘elemu language revitalization Leokī Macintosh marie mobile Music music awards newzealand nā hōkū hanohano phone Sheffield Technology Travel travel hacking windows wordpress ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line104
__label__cc	0.580812	0.419188	New Radio sport Listen To Radio Online “Internet broadcasting was by no means so easy earlier than Radiojar.A distinctive streaming platform with a whole toolbox set that provides “ peace of thoughts “ to each newbie and professional broadcasters and Web Radios. Literally anybody could be a Radio DJ and a Radio Station Owner.” Join 1000’s of successful radio professionals, and personal your listeners. In 1993, Malamud launched “Internet Talk Radio”, which was the “first computer-radio speak present, each week interviewing a computer skilled”. The first Internet concert was broadcast on June 24, 1993, by the band Severe Tire Damage. In March 1994, an unofficial automated rebroadcast of Irish radio information was setup because the RTE To Everywhere Project, allowing Irish people across the World day by day access to radio information from home till it was rendered obsolete in 1998. Internet radio is typically listened to on a regular house PC or related system, via an embedded participant program located on the respective station’s web site. But not nearly enough is written about the operation’s spinoff New Sounds Radio, also tagged Q2 and WQXR-HD2. Here’s where classical meets modern, the place chamber music intertwines with back-porch folk https://pea.fm/ and electronica, the place Philip Glass and Steve Reich are hanging with the Kronos Quartet, Yo Yo Ma’s Silk Road Ensemble, Bela Fleck and Chris Thile. On first touchdown, you’ll be encouraged to create an account with a reputation and password. Election Night Marks The End Of One Phase Of Campaign 2020 Think banner advert and streamed radio show or a contest via the radio show where the user must go to an internet site for clues or to enter. Henry Rollins Henry Rollins hosts a mix of every kind, from all over and all time. Metropolis The hypnotic pulse of present traditional dance music, including exclusive guest mixes. High-res Linn Classical and eclectic Linn Music streams are additionally ripe for listening. Mainstream jazz lives additional-large and well at listener-supported WBGO, Newark, NJ. Artist birthdays, deaths, and essential album anniversaries spark day by day focuses. Young bloods get a great shake and DJs regularly intersperse wry jazz and crossover vocalists. Some station hosts additionally cross the river to spin in NYC at SiriusXM’s RealJazz. University Hospitals Cleveland Browns Radio Network In America, business broadcasting has been the norm for the reason that beginning of radio, whereas Europe started largely with public broadcasting, and has since moved additional in the direction of business. Radio still has a lot of makes use of, despite the mid-2000’s rise of mp3 players and iPods, and more recently that of YouTube, and streaming providers like Spotify. In fact, many people merely didn’t want to deal with new know-how and stuck to their old methods, significantly older generations. Some individuals also preferred the radio as a result of it continually launched them to new songs and artists that they wouldn’t necessarily hear with mp3 gamers. The field on the best-hand facet shows the at present broadcast tracks. You can swap between stations just by clicking on the tracks you need to hear. Bloomberg Radio is the world’s solely international 24-hour enterprise radio station. Powered by greater than 2700 journalists and analysts in additional than 120 countries, Bloomberg Radio’s sources are unparalleled. Because the financial markets by no means sleep, Bloomberg follows them across the globe. Arizona Public Media broadcast stations are licensed to the Arizona Board of Regents. Arizona Public Media and AZPM are registered emblems of the Arizona Board of Regents. The University Hospitals Cleveland Browns Radio Network encompasses 26 affiliates plus three flagship stations (850 ESPN Cleveland, ninety two.3 The Fan and ninety eight.5 WNCX). It carries Browns exhibits and content all year long, providing the group’s fans with unprecedented entry and exposure to the membership throughout the year through more than 1,000 combined hours of annual Browns content material. From 2000 onwards, most Internet radio stations increased their stream high quality as bandwidth turned more economical. As of 2017, forty seven% of all Americans ages 12 and older—an estimated 124 million individuals—stated they’ve listened to on-line radio in the final month, while 36% have listened within the final week. These figures are up from 45% and 33%, respectively, in 2013. To these ears, the station’s content material rivals that of pay-radio SiriusXM’s Siriusly Sinatra channel, but as with all web radio streams, both stay and on-demand, the price of admission to The Great American Songbook is free. ], most stations stream between sixty four kbit/s and 128 kbit/s providing near CD quality audio. The events have been negotiating a deal that covers the interval starting from January 1, 2019, and the brand new deal that they arrived at runs for 4 years via December 31, 2022. The new blanket agreement is on the market on the RMLC web site here and with directions from SESAC here. 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__label__cc	0.533171	0.466829	Utilizing Educational Resources to Secure a Career in Fluid Power Josh Scarbrough is a student at Murray State University majoring in Electromechanical Engineering. We invited him into our forum to discuss his involvement with NFPA’s workforce program and the many ways he’s become an active participant in the fluid power community. Contact Josh: jscarbrough@ifpusa.com Learn about NFPA scholarships here Connect with the host Eric Lanke at elanke@nfpa.com or on Twitter @ericlanke The Fluid Power Forum Podcast gives you what you need to stay up to date on the industry and technology trends moving fluid power forward. Be inspired by new technologies and the thought leaders putting them to practical use. Listening is guaranteed to make you a smarter professional, regardless of your position in your company. The show is hosted by Eric Lanke, President/CEO of the National Fluid Power Association. Engage with the show on Twitter and LinkedIn - @TheNFPA – and make your plans to see fluid power technologies like these in action at IFPE 2023, March 14-18, 2023 in Las Vegas.	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line118
__label__wiki	0.596484	0.596484	Fluorine content in the urine and in the serum of hydrofluoric acid workers as an index of health administration. Author: Toyota S. Journal Name: Sangyo Igaku (Japanese Journal of Industrial Health) Language: Article in Japanese; abstract in English from author's translation. Publish Date: July 1979 Volume/Page: 21(4):335-48. Type: Human Study, Occupational Categories: Serum-F, Sources of Exposure, Tea, Tissue F Levels, Urine-F, hydrogen fluoride The behavior of fluoride ion level in the urine and in the serum was measured as an index for health care of workers exposed to hydrofluoric acid, the effect of fluorine-containing foodstuff intake by the workers being considered at the same time. For this study, 250 hydrofluoric acid workers and as a control group 1,600 non-hydrofluoric-acid workers were examined. All workers, ranging in age from 15 to 59 years old, came from the same electronics factory. Fluorides in the biological fluids were measured by using the fluoride ion-specific electrode method and the electrode potential recording method concurrently. The fluoride ion levels (geometric mean) in the urine and in the serum of the non-hydrofluoric-acid workers were determined to be 0.59 ppm and 12 ppb, respectively. Among the influences of fluorine-containing foodstuff on fluoride content in the biological fluids, the effect of black tea and/or green tea intake was particularly remarkable. In the case of the non-hydrofluoric-acid workers, the concentration increased to about double of the control value. Similarly in a diet test on volunteers, the concentration increased about six times. As for the response to tea intake with the lapse of time, the concentration in the urine specimen (spot urine, S.G. corrected: 1.024) reached the maximum value three hours after the intake. In the case of the serum specimen, the maximum value was recorded one hour after the intake, and the influence of the intake continued for several hours. These results suggest that, in the medical examination of hydrofluroic acid workers, restriction of intake of tea and in some cases even a fasting program would have to be introduced as necessary pre-conditions. Upon observation of fluorine concentration in the urine with the lapse of time of hydrofluoric acid workers restricting tea intake, it was confirmed that the trend of the day-to-day variation was small. But that of the in-a-day variation, namely, an increase in the concentration toward the end of daily working hours was obvious. By introduction of these well-regulated methods, it has become possible to properly evaluate even the influence of hydrofluoric acid on the workers irregularly exposed to a hydrofluoric acid environment having a lower concentration than that of the threshold limit value (3 ppm). However, in view of ease of collection and measurement of specimens, speed, and degree of response to the exposure, it can be concluded that the measurement of fluorine content in the urine is more advantageous as an index for the health care than that in the serum. For this reason it is desirable that the former method should be given priority from the view point of prevailing industrial hygiene laws and regulations. Non-Endemic Skeletal Fluorosis: Causes And Associated Secondary Hyperparathyroidism (Case Report and Literature Review). Highlights Fluorocarbon “huffing” is an under-appreciated cause of skeletal fluorosis (SF) We present a SF case with hyperparathyroidism, osteosclerosis, and osteomalacia SF may go undetected due to variation in symptoms, radiology, and biochemistry Dietary calcium, prior bone health, and skeletal F exposure influence SF features SF is common in A case of skeletal fluorosis? (Letter) A 79-year-old lady presented with a history of diffuse sero-negative arthritis dating from early adulthood. Numerous investigations and therapies had failed to provide any significant benefit and both knees and a hip had been replaced when initially seen a year ago. On questioning at that time, she admitted to daily Skeletal fluorosis from brewed tea BACKGROUND: High fluoride ion (F(-)) levels are found in many surface and well waters. Drinking F(-)-contaminated water typically explains endemic skeletal fluorosis (SF). In some regions of Asia, however, poor quality "brick tea" also causes this disorder. The plant source of brick, black, green, orange pekoe, and oolong tea, Camellia Skeletal fluorosis from brewed tea. Predictors of Plasma Fluoride Concentrations in Children and Adolescents. Despite increasing concerns about neurotoxicity of fluoride in children, sources of fluoride exposure apart from municipal water fluoridation are poorly understood. We aimed to describe the associations of demographics, drinking water characteristics, diet, and oral health behaviors with plasma fluoride concentrations in U.S. children. We used data from 3928 6–19-year-olds Estimated "Threshold" Doses for Skeletal Fluorosis For over 40 years health authorities stated that in order to develop crippling skeletal fluorosis, one would need to ingest between 20 and 80 mg of fluoride per day for at least 10 or 20 years. This belief, however, which played an instrumental role in shaping current fluoride policies, is now acknowledged by the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) and other US health authorities to be incorrect. Fluoride content in tea and its relationship with tea quality. J Agric Food Chem. 2004 Jul 14;52(14):4472-6. Fluoride content in tea and its relationship with tea quality. Lu Y, Guo WF, Yang XQ. Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, 268 Kaixuan Road, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China. Abstract: The tea plant is known as a fluorine accumulator. Fluoride (F) content in fresh leaves collected Skeletal Fluorosis in the U.S. Although there has been a notable absence of systematic studies on skeletal fluorosis in the U.S., the available evidence indicates that the consumption of artificially fluoridated water is likely to cause skeletal fluorosis and other forms of bone disease in people with kidney disease and other vulnerable populations. Exposure Pathways Linked to Skeletal Fluorosis Excessive fluoride exposure from any source -- and from all sources combined -- can cause skeletal fluorosis. Some exposure pathways , however, have been specifically identified as placing individuals at risk of skeletal fluorosis. These exposure pathways include: Fluoridated Water for Kidney Patients Excessive Tea Consumption High-Fluoride Well Water Industrial Fluoride Exposure Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals (Voriconazole Fluoride Content of Tea Tea, particularly tea drinks made with lower quality older leaves, contain high levels of fluoride. Because of these high levels, research has found that individuals who drink large amounts of tea can develop skeletal fluorosis -- a painful bone disease caused by excessive fluoride intake. Since skeletal fluorosis is often misdiagnosed by	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line119
__label__cc	0.544681	0.455319	How Do You Audio Transcribe An Complete Video Sport? No Comments on How Do You Audio Transcribe An Complete Video Sport? You need to use the YouTube Audio Library to get royalty-free production music to make use of in your movies. As world cultures have come into greater world contact , their indigenous musical styles have usually merged with different kinds, which produces new kinds. For instance, the United States bluegrass type incorporates parts from Anglo – Irish , Scottish , Irish, German and African instrumental and vocal traditions, which were capable of fuse in the United States’ multi-ethnic ” melting pot ” society. Some forms of world music comprise a combination of non-Western indigenous types with Western pop music components. Genres of music are determined as a lot by tradition and presentation as by the actual music. Some works, like George Gershwin ‘s Rhapsody in Blue , are claimed by both jazz and classical music, while Gershwin’s Porgy and Bess and Leonard Bernstein ‘s West Aspect Story are claimed by each opera and the Broadway musical tradition. Many current music festivals for non-Western music embody bands and singers from a selected musical genre, comparable to world music. appreciation of or responsiveness to musical sounds or harmonies: Music was in his very soul. It’s also vital for you guys to know that the 3 of us are very concerned and supportive of all these completely different initiatives going on inside the fun family for the time being. that incontrovertible fact that our tiny membership can produce so many different kinds of music collectively and as individuals may be very particular to us. Your browser does not help HTML5 audio. Here is a hyperlink to the audio as a substitute. Aretha Franklin’s milestone debut album for Atlantic, I Never Liked a Man the Way I Love You,â€Â opens with the greatest cover within the history of standard music.Â Franklin perfected herÂ possession of Otis Redding’s Respectâ€ – including key parts just like the sock-it-to-meâ€ name and response -Â while on tour prior to signing with the label, and when finally issued in 1967, the musicÂ grew to become a feminist anthem for the ages. Most digital to analogue converters are aimed at the CD and DVD audiophiles. The TC-7520 has however been designed for a broader vary of multi media applications and has been further optimized for correct PC and wireless digital audio copy. That features wireless servers such as the SB3, Airport Specific, DAB radio, satellite tv for pc audio, and internet radio streams. To allow exact control over your audio content, HTMLMediaElements fireplace many various occasions This additionally offers a option to monitor the audio’s fetching course of so you may watch for errors or detect when sufficient is out there to start to play or manipulate it. Expression is achieved via the manipulation of pitch (resembling inflection, vibrato, slides and so forth.), quantity (dynamics, accent, tremolo etc.), duration (tempo fluctuations, rhythmic modifications, changing notice duration comparable to with legato and staccato, and so forth.), timbre (e.g. changing vocal timbre from a light-weight to a resonant voice) and sometimes even texture (e.g. doubling the bass notice for a richer effect in a piano piece). Expression therefore can be seen as a manipulation of all components in order to convey “a sign of mood, spirit, character etc.” 22 and as such cannot be included as a unique perceptual aspect of music, 23 although it can be considered an vital rudimentary component of music. This code watches for audio tracks to be added to and removed from the component, and calls a hypothetical operate on a monitor editor to register and remove the monitor from the editor’s listing of accessible tracks. Once we talk about making content accessible, sound is just not at all times on the high of our record. But it surely does have a possible role to play. For instance, websites that enable audio readings of printed text could be of help to users who’re visually impaired. Textual content-primarily based CAPTCHA fields, as an illustration, have provided audio options for years. Tags audio, complete, sport, transcribe, video ← Birthdays & Family Enjoyable → Promote Your Music On-line	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line129
__label__cc	0.61548	0.38452	November 22, 2016 December 31, 2016 by Malcolm Grimston In defeat, malice, in victory, revenge. IDS rides on. Former Conservative Party leader Ian Duncan Smith has launched another nasty attack on ‘the Remainers’ – anyone who dared to hold a different view to him on the EU referendum (Conservative Home website, http://www.conservativehome.com/thecolumnists/2016/11/iain-duncan-smith-continuity-remain-are-fighting-a-desperate-rearguard-action-to-undermine-the-leave-vote.html). There seem to be only two options in the mind of Mr Smith – someone either wants Brexit on whatever terms the government chooses and can get and should therefore just shut up and have no say on the matter; or someone wants to reverse the Brexit vote. There is no space for those who, in his trademark sneering terms, ‘accept’ the result but still believe in Parliament and the courts having a vital role to play in coming up with something that will value the needs of the Remain voters while delivering on the result for Leave voters. “I seemed to have conveniently forgotten that the then-Prime Minister, Tony Blair, stated unequivocally just eleven days before the General Election that, ‘What the British public will be voting for is a Labour Government or a Conservative Government’.” After the 2001 General Election, which delivered a (huge) Labour victory, my recollection is that far from ‘accepting the verdict of the British people’, Mr Smith actually argued and even voted against many of the proposals put forward by the Blair government. I wonder how he would now describe such behaviour – was he an ‘enemy of the people’? Was he subtly trying to reverse the result of the election? Or trying to dilute the Labour programme in some way – perhaps ‘soft’ Blairism – when the British people had decisively (much more decisively than in the referendum incidentally, not that that matters) voted for profligate public finances, gradual undermining of our traditions, special treatment for big Labour donors who fund racing cars and so on? Or would Mr Smith argue, as I would, that it is the role of opposition not to seek to overturn the democratic vote but to represent the views of their constituents and seek to persuade the government of the day to change course to take other views into account? History shows that when we have had widespread consensus on any issue, to the extent that opposition is marginalised or ignored, things don’t always go well. I completely expect a majority in the House of Commons (and the Lords, I hope) to trigger Article 50 when the time comes. I guess one type of democrat, those who support direct popular votes, would say that 341 MPs should argue for and vote to Leave and 317 to Remain (presuming Sinn Fein take part) – I don’t take that view as I believe we elect Parliamentarians to use their judgment on our behalf, not to vote as we dictate on any particular issue, but that doesn’t sit at all well with a referendum so I’m a bit lost. In any case I would expect a vigourous debate with a very significant number of MPs (not just the SNP) voting against leaving. I will be very disappointed if my MP, representing a constituency in which Remain got three quarters of the vote, does not vote against triggering Article 50, just as should Labour form a government I would be disappointed if any Conservative MP voted for an 80% top rate of tax or whatever John McDonnell was proposing that week. Mr Smith seems determined to continue to provoke and anger the 48% who voted to remain. He is absolutely right in one respect – as a Remainer I went through the stages of grief, including denial, anger, bargaining and depression, and am now well into acceptance and seeing the possible benefits alongside the possible downsides. I would be amazed if Mr Smith did not go through the same when he was sacked from the Party leadership – it is a well-documented human reaction to loss and has nothing to do with the EU referendum as such. Yet instead of generously recognising this, the ‘nasty party’ wing of the Conservatives would rather use it as a further weapon with which to bash and sneer at those who took a different view. If all this has done one thing for me, I have come to realise that I may now be feeling like many of those who voted Leave and voted Trump might have felt – ignored and demonised by an elite which has no empathy with my feelings or sympathy with my interests. It’s quite a jolt but very good for my personal growth as a fully paid-up member of the metropolitan elite who has not always been open enough to other philosophies. But Mr Smith might reflect on the implications of treating a significant proportion of our nation in such a way. He comes over more as someone who wants to settle old scores than to take us forward to a better place. ← Previous Post Trump and Brexit – in defence of offensiveness Next Post → What can nuclear power learn from Brexit?	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line132
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__label__cc	0.509639	0.490361	Education Week DIGITAL DIRECTIONS PRESIDENT & EDITOR-IN-CHIEF VIRGINIA B. EDWARDS EXECUTIVE EDITOR KEVIN C. BUSHWELLER DEPUTY EDITOR SEAN CAVANAGH DEPUTY DESIGN DIRECTOR Design Lead, Digital Directions GINA TOMKO DESIGN DIRECTOR LAURA BAKER ASSISTANT DESIGN DIRECTOR VANESSA SOLIS DESIGNERS SUMITA BANNERJEE, LINDA H. JURKOWITZ SENIOR WRITER MICHELLE R. DAVIS STAFF WRITER KATIE ASH EDITORIAL INTERN SEAN MEEHAN CONTRIBUTING WRITERS ROBIN L. FLANIGAN, LESLIE HARRIS O’HANLON DIRECTOR OF PHOTOGRAPHY CHARLES BORST PHOTO EDITOR CHRISTOPHER POWERS DIRECTOR OF PRODUCTION JO ARNONE MANAGER, ADVERTISING OPERATIONS CASEY SHELLENBERGER MANAGING EDITOR, edweek.org KATHLEEN KENNEDY MANZO ONLINE CREATIVE DIRECTOR, edweek.org CHERI HUNG CHIEF TECHNOLOGY OFFICER FOR DIGITAL OPERATIONS PAUL HYLAND PUBLISHER & GENERAL MANAGER MICHELE J. GIVENS CONTROLLER JILL N. WHITLEY DIRECTOR OF BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT, edweek.org JEFF RUPP TECHNICAL BUSINESS ANALYST SHANE STEINFELD DIRECTOR OF AUDIENCE DEVELOPMENT STEFANIE HEMMINGSON ASSOCIATE PUBLISHER, SALES AND MARKETING SEAN HERDMAN DIRECTOR, ADVERTISING BEN DELANEY-WINN (781) 538-6076 SENIOR REGIONAL ADVERTISING MANAGER SHARON MAKOWKA (828) 926-5033 EDITOR’S NOTE The Last DD Issue On Magazine Paper Digital expansion puts emphasis on online offerings W atching and evaluating the rapid evolution of e-textbooks over the past few years has made me appreciate, more than ever, the inevitability of change. We have to be willing and able to adjust to technological advances and new approaches. And we are doing just that in making this the last edition of Digital Directions in print. For the past several years, Education Week has made a steadfast commitment to expanding and improving our coverage of educational technology news and trends. That commitment began with the launch of the print version of the magazine in 2007, and has evolved in new and primarily digital ways to expand our editorial reach and give educational technology leaders and thinkers the quality coverage they need to help them tackle the technological challenges of today. We have launched a host of ed-tech products and services in recent years, including the twice-monthly Digital Directions e-newsletter, which reaches about 100,000 readers; the Digital Directions online channel, a source for ed-tech news and trends that is updated regularly throughout each week; and our successful series of Education Week special reports about how technology is changing K-12 schools. The DD online channel and e-newsletter as well as the special reports will remain a high priority and will continue to evolve and expand even as we develop new products and services to help readers learn how to use technology to improve schools. It's worth noting, too, that we will continue to produce the print and digital versions of Technology Counts, our annual report about the state of educational technology in K-12 schools. That report continues to be a popular product, and we plan to incorporate more multimedia and interactive features into the digital versions of Technology Counts in the future. What's more, ed-tech coverage that once appeared exclusively in the print issue of Digital Directions will now migrate to the pages of Education Week, further raising the profile of that coverage. Our goal in ending the print magazine is to become more nimble, and in doing so, more useful to our readers. It is not just a good change, but a necessary one. It opens the door to exploring new ideas and approaches, which, ultimately, will push our ed-tech coverage to the next level. n REGIONAL ADVERTISING MANAGERS GUY BLUMBERG (917) 747-1351 JULIE FAGAN (301) 502-4300 JOSH FORD (301) 280-3203 Kevin C. Bushweller kbushweller@epe.org http://www.edweek.org http://www.edweek.org http://www.edweek.org	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line140
__label__wiki	0.801712	0.801712	Toyota goes Windows 7 in Fujitsu renewal Renai LeMay Toyota’s Australian division has revealed it will upgrade its desktop fleet to Windows 7 as part of a new four-year IT services deal with its incumbent supplier Fujitsu. A statement distributed by Fujitsu said the Japanese IT services giant would manage the consolidation and standardisation of existing mid-range and mainframe services agreements and the provision of managed desktop services (including a service desk) as part of a new joint agreement. MIS Australia this morning reported Fujitsu was Toyota’s incumbent supplier. “The desktop solution being implemented and managed by Fujitsu is a transformed user environment delivered through a new Windows 7 Desktop build that complements Toyota Australia’s IT Technology Direction for a transformed Directory Services environment,” the statement said. Toyota’s divisional manager of its Information Systems Division, James Scott, said in the statement that the new Fujitsu deal would allow Toyota to lower operational costs, implement greater flexibility and reduce management time in terms of the company’s IT support. “In winning the contract, Fujitsu was competitive and provided innovative options to consolidate the new business into a single agreement, using existing toolsets and management systems to drive greater efficiencies and cost savings across all of Toyota Australia’s IT infrastructure,” he said. Toyota didn’t say how many desktops it had or what the value of the Fujitsu deal was. However, the company is one of the largest automotive giants in Australia, with sales revenue of almost $8 billion in 2009. It has 211 Toyota dealers, and a further 19 Lexus dealers, and its dealer network has almost 11,000 staff. Its corporate headquarters are in Port Melbourne, while it also operates a manufacturing plan in Altona in Victoria, as well as sales and marketing operations in Woolooware Bay, NSW. The news comes as Australian organisations are increasingly migrating to Windows 7. At Microsoft’s Tech.Ed conference on the Gold Coast several weeks ago, Brisbane Girls Grammar School, for example, revealed it was one of the first Australian private education bodies to undertake a rollout of Windows 7 and associated software. Image credit: Michal Zacharzewski, royalty free Toyota picks Fujitsu’s cloud for dealer platform Fujitsu wins NBN Co desktop deal University of Canberra rolls out Windows 7 Fujitsu picks up WA Police IT services work Railcorp renews Fujitsu outsourcing deal	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line141
__label__cc	0.603532	0.396468	Custom Sports Medals,Running Medals,Award Medals,Marathon Medal Supplier inquiry@luckycraft-gift.com You can share 20 years the only focus on the medal of OEM manufacturers Sport Medals Award Medals Marathon Medal Carnival Medal LED medal Badge & Lapel Pin New Zealand medal attitude Jimmy at Commonwealth Games will begin soon, many countries athletes have done a lot of preparations for the Games, then we take a look at New Zealand's attitude toward the Commonwealth Games what they do? The medal for the Commonwealth Games What is the target? It is understood that the head of swimming in New Zealand is optimistic about the swimming medal at this Commonwealth Games, swimming may not be satisfactory in New Zealand before, but they still do not give up, they face even in the global arena Do not be afraid, they are a new chapter. New Zealand executives are reluctant to target the number of medals they receive and they want to convey to all young people a positive and optimistic attitude. Yes, this is the spirit of the Games. For many people, this spirit is far more meaningful than getting the swimming medals. After the announcement of the New Zealand belt, preparations for the Commonwealth Games on Thursday will see a dramatic increase, as opposed to the Commonwealth Games, where swimming is traditionally one of the powerful Commonwealth Games, Point, New Zealand never doubted. Before the Olympic Games in Glasgow and New Zealand in 2014, two athletes won a total of four medals, namely three gold medals and one silver medal. The result is very impressive. However, at the last Olympics in Rio, , New Zealand's swimming team did not have a final player, it is precisely for this reason, it led to New Zealand's swimming money plummeted to 900,000 US dollars. This situation is very optimistic. But even with this result, the head of the New Zealand Swim Team is still not willing to impose the medal number on the athletes, and to convey an optimistic attitude is paramount. It is understood that most of New Zealand swimmers this year are relatively young, and their average age of only 21 years old, perhaps such a high-quality sports will get the chance of a swimming medal a little No matter what the final outcome, they can get the medal or get the medal, we will sincerely wish New Zealand swimming team. Perhaps in some people's eyes, the most important thing is to get the medal to participate in the Games, but in the eyes of some people, perhaps to convey a spirit is important. 2019 custom marathon race medals makers wholesale sport event medals custom marathon race medals makers Recognize the winner of the race with a beautifully design... 2019 custom marathon race medals makers wholesale gold sport event medals. 2019 custom marathon race medals makers wholesale gold sport event medals Please input keywords Lucky Art & Crafts Gifts Company Ltd No.7 Yingbin Road, DongSheng Town ,ZhongShan City, GuangDong Province, China SITEMAP Technical support : Baiila Copyright@Lucky Art & Crafts Gifts Company Ltd	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line142
__label__wiki	0.541345	0.541345	The Scoop 19.02.10 Feb 19, 2010 Miss Ntertainment 0 Mandoza in more trouble and more stars film in SA Mandoza in another car accident The story had us sighing with dread – not another Mandoza brush with the law. The kwaito star has been in and out of the headlines for all the wrong reasons over the past few years. But this one is a little more mysterious. Police say they don’t think Mandoza was the one driving, and therefore the one that caused the accident. But it’s still not positive publicity for the singer who has a new album coming out soon. And it’s even worse when the singer’s publicist switches off his phone instead of dealing with the issue head on. Chicken Licken ropes in Mini Me Following in the footsteps of Louis Gossett Junior and Vanilla Ice, Verne Troyer is the lastest celeb to come to SA and film an advert. He and his crew caused quite a stir when they were spotted at the Hyde Park Hotel Bar last night. They were celebrating the wrap of filming on a new commercial for the chicken brand. As a true celebrity of the 21st Century, Vern’s been tweeting about his experiences, including the fact that he “brought an extra bag to bring home some cool stuff like a spear, tribal mask, and elephant poop”. He also kept calling the Michaelangelo hotel where he is staying a “resort” and was very chuffed that it’s one of the official 2010 Fifa World Cup accommodation spots. I saw him in Cannes last year so I know how small he is in real life. Calling Ben Stiller – Ben Stiller? I have word that Ben Stiller is in town, scouting out locations in Hillbrow for a new movie he is directing set in Nigeria. Of course, short of driving around the Joburg CBD looking for him, I have yet to see him myself. So if you do spot him, give us a holler! In the meantime, more info about the movie: It’s a comedy called ‘Help Me Spread Goodness’, and is about a Chicago banking man who falls for a Nigerian Internet scam. Apparently it’s not going to be all laughs though, and will shed some light on the troubled political and economic situation in Nigeria that has led to such a prolific scamming industry. Wonder if Ben’s had experience in being sent these I-Want-To-Transfer-a-Gazillion-Dollars-into-Your-Account-emails too? A talk show icon is in town Sir Michael Parkinson is making a documentary about Sport Relief – a BBC Sport and Comic Relief campaign that helps raise funds for various African charities, including one called Leth’ithemba in Katlehong that helps people living with HIV/Aids. He’s filming a doccie about the campaign, which will be shown on BBC Entertainment next month, which is when a race will be taking place in Cape Town to help raise awareness about the whole event. “Parky” really is a lovely guy. Even with a cold, he was so nice to everyone here at Primedia Broadcasting when he was interviewed on Jenny Chrwys-Williams’ show. Told me he prefers being the interviewee to being the interviewer. Me and my really big grin – you can tell how much I like the star I am posing with by the size of my smile ;) The Scoop – all the top entertainment stories with a local twist – airs every Friday after 4pm with Richard Hardiman on 94.5 Kfm. Previous Post:White Lion Next Post:Jozi – The Movie	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line145
__label__cc	0.605549	0.394451	Fraudsters, beware! Gatchalian gives prepaid SIM registration bill another push in Senate Senator Win Gatchalian is pushing for the bill mandating registration of all users of pre-paid subscriber identity module (SIM) cards in the Senate to enable authorities to easily clampdown those engaged in nefarious and illegal activities. A number of individuals in the recent months have fallen prey to online fraudsters who used prepaid SIM cards as a tool to carry out their wicked activities, according to Gatchalian. The senator, who was himself a recent victim of these illegal activities, learned that the perpetrators managed to charge to his credit card account an online food delivery after gaining access to a security feature on web-based services - the One-Time Password (OTP) -using a prepaid mobile phone. "When fraudsters gain access to OTPs, it's as if they're the actual owners of the account doing the transaction," said Gatchalian. The senator, who as early as June 30, 2016, filed a bill mandating the registration of all users of pre-paid SIM cards, said it's now imperative to consider regulating its sale and distribution to help curb unlawful activities. He re-filed the measure in July 2019. "The boundless stream of supply of prepaid SIM cards has become a magnet of illicit activities since the start of the pandemic. There had been countless cases of online fraudsters who used unregistered mobile numbers," Gatchalian said. "Mahalagang may mukha o pangalan sa likod ng mga prepaid SIM cards lalo na ngayong panahon ng pandemya na kailangan ng contact-tracing. Anong kaibahan kung gagawin nang requirement ang pagre-register ng mga prepaid SIM cards sa requirement na kailangang mag-register sa mga lugar na pinupuntahan mo para sa contact-tracing?" he asked. Under Senate Bill No. 176 or the proposed SIM Card Registration Act, end users of prepaid SIM cards shall be required to present a valid ID and photo and sign a control-numbered registration form issued by the service provider of the purchased SIM card. Copies of the accomplished forms shall be furnished to the same service provider and the National Telecommunications Commission (NTC).	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line151
__label__cc	0.734323	0.265677	CITY OF NEWPORT – CHARTER REVIEW COMMISSION – NOTICE of PUBLIC FORUM March 2, 2014 by NewportAlliance Official seal of Newport, Rhode Island (Photo credit: Wikipedia) What: CITY OF NEWPORT – CHARTER REVIEW COMMISSION – NOTICE of PUBLIC FORUM When: WEDNESDAY, March 5, 2014 – 6:00PM – 7:30PM Where: Assembly Room of the Newport Police Station – 120 Broadway, Newport RI 02840 Citizens may address the Commission on all matters pertaining to the Charter Review. The Charter Review Commission requests the time of comments for each person be limited to five minutes. Questions and discussion may extend the time limit at the discretion of the Commission. Of particular interest to the Charter Review Commission are the following issues: The way we elect our mayor Whether or not to eliminate the wards and have all City Councilors elected at large Term limits and staggered terms for the School Committee and City Council Election vs. appointment of the School Committee The roles and responsibilities of the Mayor and City Manager How Boards and Commission function, among other operating functions of City government. If time allows, the Commission will proceed with items to do with a regularly scheduled business meeting. Determination of quorum Approval of the minutes from the January 29, February 5 and February 19 meetings Format for presentation of Charter changes to the Newport City Council Assignment of Charter section changes to Commission members for presentation to City Council A copy of the current City Charter is available for review in the City Clerk’s Office, or may be viewed at www.cityofnewport.com. Click on Codified Ordinances. For more information on the public hearing, contact: newportcharterreview@cityofnewport.com Newport Charter Review Commission – Isabel Griffith, Chair Newport Charter Review Raises Interesting Questions! Isabel Griffith of ALN appointed chairwoman for Charter Review Commission Categories GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY Tags Charter Review Commission, City council, City Manager, Local government, Mayor, Municipal charter, Newport Rhode Island, rhode island Leave a comment January 11, 2014 by NewportAlliance Newport Daily News – Op Ed Page January 11, 2014 page A6 In keeping with the old adage that all politics is local, residents of Newport have the opportunity to take a stand on several national issues during its charter review process. Such issues include term limits for city councilors, restricting campaign contributions to only those who can vote in municipal elections, reducing the size of local government and increasing or decreasing the powers of the city manager or the city council. READ MORE HERE about Charter Review Is it time to limit the terms of both elected and senior appointed officials? Would such a change infuse new thinking and help revitalize the city? What if city council members serve for four years instead of two — would this benefit the community? If there were six councilors from wards, would this be more democratic and representative? Would the democratic election process improve by restricting campaign donations to those who can vote in municipal elections? Is the manager-city council form of government the best for Newport? What if we elected a mayor to run the city? Would this bring the citizens closer to those in charge of daily activities? What powers should the city manager and city council exercise on our behalf? Should the city council appoint the school committee, confirm all senior municipal appointments and contracts and take a more active role in the oversight of financial and city affairs? What role should the neighborhood associations play in local government? Should the city petition to re-establish the county government to provide school, police, fire and other services on a Newport Countywide basis? Would a county administration benefit all citizens and communities? These are but a few of the many questions that could be addressed during the charter review process. I urge my fellow citizens to read the charter (available on the city website) and contact the Charter Review Commission (newportcharterreview@cityofnewport.com) with ideas and suggestions. Perhaps it is time for the various active neighborhood associations to become more involved in this process — after all, this is our opportunity to determine how we wish to be governed and what powers we give to those selected to act on our behalf. John Drotos, Newport Is it time to limit the terms of both elected and senior appointed officials? Would such a change infuse new thinking and help revitalize the city? Categories GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY Tags Alliance for a Livable Newport, Charter Review, City council, City Manager, city of newport, Government, Local government, Newport City Council, Politics, Term limit 1 Comment 2 Important new websites – Engage Newport + Mind Mixer are live! What does this mean for Newport? October 29, 2013 by NewportAlliance http://engagenewport.com/ Engage Newport Engage Newport is an evolving forum for opinions and ideas about our city’s major initiatives. Alongside elected representatives, local media and community organizations, Engage Newport is another channel of communication between city government and the people of Newport. http://opinionnewport.mindmixer.com/ Opinion Newport is home to an ongoing series of surveys about major city issues and initiatives affecting Newport’s future. Starting with community resilience in the face of rising sea levels, you are invited to join the conversation about what matters to you. http://engagenewport.com/issues-and-initiatives This section shares select information and opinion from a City government perspective. Be sure to visit the city’s home page at www.cityofnewport.com to navigate the full spectrum of city services, city calendars and more. http://engagenewport.com/get-involved This series of articles will highlight and explain opportunities for public engagement in shaping the future of our community. Learn more about your elected representatives , boards and commissions , & community organizations engageNewport@cityofnewport.com Engage Newport – SEA Aware-Public Event on Rising Sea Level – Thursday, October 24, 2013 from 5:30 p.m.-6:30 p.m. October 30th @ 6pm – Public Forum – Proposed Goat Island Hyatt Hotel Marina Needed: wise Newport citizens willing to serve on Newport Zoning Board of Review FREE Public Forum about City of Newport Commissions October 2nd, 6pm Newport Library Categories GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY, INFRASTRUCTURE, NATURAL ENVIRONMENT, PUBLIC HEALTH & SAFETY, Recent Updates, SCHOOLS AND EDUCATION Tags Alliance for a Livable Newport, City council, City Manager, city of newport, Current sea level rise, Engage newport, Local government, Newport, Newport Rhode Island, Nonprofit organization, Quality of life, rhode island Leave a comment Survey Question #1 Responses – School Committee save $500k per year? June 11, 2013 June 10, 2013 by NewportAlliance ADD your responses below! Or post them on our Facebook page! Share this with your Newport neighbors, tell us what you think! Your voice, your community, your opinion matters! “The city could save half a million dollars.” We heard this first from Harry Winthrop at an ALN forum in April. Now we have Naomi Neville’s comments in the Newport Daily News’ Guest View column of 5/28/13 making a clear case for combining School Committee and city resources in managing finances and other administrative services for the schools. Do you think this would this be a good idea? 06/03/2013 7581023 [Yes] It is an administrative savings that is long overdue. Great idea, but it might not result in actual tax savings. The savings would end up on the school side and might not count toward maintenance of effort. Regardless, it is money which could be put toward early education programs. 06/05/2013 7607877 [Maybe] It is worthy of examination. With the proper controls, checks and balances in place, the schools Administrator should not have to worry that educational funds would be siphoned off elsewhere. There is also the concern that the schools would be nickel and dimed to death by city government and handicap professional educators from being truly innovative. Sadly too many vested local interests benefit from our legendary municipal inefficiencies. sounds good, although I am not sure what the downside would be 06/06/2013 7610727 [No] If the school committee where appointed maybe. This only transfers money from one side to the other and does not save money. Better to share with Middletown. That would be a real savings. City and Schools are very different operations. I know because I did this for a living. need to read more Not that familiar with the government of Newport, but, if there is duplication within the two groups, let’s get rid of duplication or similar duties. More study and discussion needed. The School Committee is dysfunctional. The city should take over essential non-educational operations. Reduce duplicate Admin The school committee has not used good financial procedures. The city has offered — and should — take over managing school finances. The added benefit would be to improve trust between the council and school committee. a good idea, yes. however with the proviso that, if this combination is less successful than the current separate policy, then a return to a new and improved version of the then former method. The $500,000 savings alluded to would be realized by the School Department and will free up money for education. The cost of delivering those services would be transferred to the city; that cost has not been determined. The eventual savings are likely to be in the $200,000 range. I am not sure I understand how this works currently, so I would like to see a side by side comparison of the two operating models. It is important to use our resources wisely, and avoid duplicating efforts — but we also need to make sure decisions about Education aren’t overly influenced by external and/or irrelevant factors. Depending on how it’s implemented, this one could go either way… Not sure – I can’t believe we can’t get a better handle on this. They are about 15 years late All Aquidneck Island schools should be administered together In a shrinking school district, it would make sense for the school department and city to share some services. We should also combine districts on the island. Having 3 school administrations on this size island is so wasteful and ridiculous. I generally agree, but have some concerns about the City being able to deal effectively with school personnel matters. I fear the City’s HR staff may not have the background and experience needed to address personnel matters concerning educators. i don’t believe there would be any savings. Devil in the details. Sometimes one gets less with less. This is the biggest no-brainer I’ve seen in a long time — unless there is something we don’t know. Two different missions. Don’t compromise both. Should have been done a long time ago. Not enough facts to give a yes or no. There are pros and cons to the centralization of any process. In the case of the schools, relieving educators of non-education-related tasks would (presumably) free them to elevate the educational services to be delivered. On the other hand, what resources are available from the School Committee? None, as far as day-to-day administration is concerned. And city government does not seem as administratively gifted as one would hope at the moment, so transferring tasks to the city is of questionable value. In the 40+ years I’ve followed Newport administration and politics, the one constant has been the antipathy of the City administration toward the school department and, more generally, toward education. Administrative functions for the schools are quite specialized and quite different from the city’s functions. It would make far more sense to pursue regional initiatives and consolidation with other school districts for these functions. I agree that some combining would be a good thing, but have reservations about the hiring of teaching staff and who would be doing that not if it means more job losses for the school department. They’re already short-handed. I have not read Naomi Neville’s piece in the NDN. I would need more data to make an informed decision. Intuitively, it seems that savings could be realized. Every successful business combines resources and trims budgets for fiscal health, why should three very small towns be separate? Categories SCHOOLS AND EDUCATION Tags Alliance for a Livable Newport, Board of education, City council, city of newport, Education, Harry Winthrop, Local government, Newport, Newport Rhode Island, school committee, School Department, School district Leave a comment	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line161
__label__cc	0.660069	0.339931	Australia’s First Bee Venom Cream Invented by EAORON Having the Strength to Solve Skin Anti-aging After resisting the old age to become another big demand after the whitening, which brand can carry the banner of the “anti-aging” trend that attracts much attention? Australia’s EAORON, the world’s leading skin care brand, has been committed to insight into the needs of modern women’s skin care, committed to solving different skin problems for women who love beauty from the root. Recently, a reporter has learned that following the invention of the EAORON bee venom mask that is popular around the world, then EAORON adds bee venom anti-aging star product, namely bee venom cream. It is reported that this bee venom cream combines bee venom, R3 bee venom restoration factor, green propolis, Manuka honey and other palace anti-aging ingredients. And it can also stimulate the regeneration of collagen, repair the microenvironment at the bottom of the skin from the root, and make the skin easily achieve “reverse growth”. EAORON, with years of dedicated research and exploration in the field of “bee venom”, will comprehensively demonstrate its skin rejuvenating black technology from four dimensions, and realize the revolutionary upgrading of bee venom skin care products, that is, faster, more accurate, more ruthless and more stable, so as to promote skin rejuvenation from the inside to the outside. The description of EAORON’s bee venom cream research and development director Victor is as follows: compared with bee venom mask, EAORON bee venom cream can be said to be a strengthened version of bee venom mask, which has higher concentration of bee venom and can make bee venom play the biggest anti-aging effect. “After all, people are unlikely to apply a mask every day, while face cream is used as a stable product, and it can be used every day, and its anti-aging effect will be more consolidated,” Victor said. The absorption rate of the cream increased to more than 3 times in the EAORON technology. In addition, through the application, it can increase 51% of bee venom activity transformation, promote 68% skin absorption through the skin, and achieve a magic experience of a wipe of high-efficiency anti oxygen, a touch of rejuvenation, a night of firming skin, and a bottle of rejuvenation. In terms of composition, Victor indicates that the EAORON bee venom mask contains four major anti-aging ingredients: First of all, its core component “bee venom” comes from New Zealand, which is a rare venom extracted from the secretion of local Manuka worker bees. At the same time, this kind of venom will not cause harm to human body, but is a kind of liquid with great skin care effect. And it is reported that after contacting the skin with these venoms, it will stimulate the skin to produce natural collagen and elasticity, making the skin tight and smooth. This effect is cumulative. After people insist on using it for a period of time, the skin will naturally become tight, smooth and full of elasticity without the help of external force. Therefore, it is called “natural botulinum” in the beauty industry. Secondly, there are also a large number of R3 bee venom recovery factors in the ingredients, which can repair the cell damage caused by exogenous, thicken the barrier resistance and enhance the self-healing ability of the basement. Also, “green propolis” with natural soft gold and New Zealand Manuka honey are also potent anti-aging ingredients in EAORON bee venom cream; the former can stimulate the regeneration of cell vitality and speed up the self-healing speed of skin; the latter can effectively resist oxidation and free radicals, and help the skin return to its original and transparent state. Finally, the EAORON research and development team has carefully formulated moisturizing ingredients including 5-fold hyaluronic acid, reactivation grass essence, ceramide, squalene, beta glucan and other moisturizing ingredients for bee venom cream, and the aim is to keep the skin constantly hydrated and accelerate the skin of young skin. The trial data of EAORON bee venom cream show as follows: 86% of the subjects felt that the brightness of the skin increased significantly after use, while 92% of the subjects felt the skin dry and tight; after 14 days of continuous use, 95% of the subjects said that their skin was more glossy, while 90% of them had less skin lines and better moisturizing effect. Company Name: EAORON PTY LTD Contact Person: Emma Li Website: http://www.eaoron.com.au VizuArts Introduces Diamond Painting’s Many Surprising Benefits Orchestra Fuego Stokes The Flames With New Single Polymer Emulsion Market woth $38.1 billion by 2025, at a CAGR of 8.6%	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line162
__label__cc	0.696323	0.303677	Academic Policy-Making in an Anglophone CEGEP: The Role of the Academic Council Barber, Howard W. (Author) An examination and comparison of the Academic Council in the policy-making process of an Anglophone CEGEP with the Educational Council participatory model described in the Parent Report (1966). Studying the minutes of an Academic Council and Board of Governors of one CEGEP over a five year period, the author concludes that the Academic Council plays a limited role in the academic policy-making process. He also argues that the Academic Council does nor fulfil the ideals of the Educational Council. # of Pages vi-93p. http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/obj/thesescanada/vol1/QMM/TC-QMM-62391.pdf Barber, Howard W. “Academic Policy-Making in an Anglophone CEGEP: The Role of the Academic Council.” Master’s Thesis, McGill University, 1981. http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/obj/thesescanada/vol1/QMM/TC-QMM-62391.pdf. Search by title and author on WorldCat http://quescren.concordia.ca/en/resource/MQUAPWLH "Barber, Howard" CEGEPs	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line166
__label__wiki	0.57049	0.57049	Home> GPUs Where's The Physics: The State of Hardware Accelerated Physics by Ryan Smith on July 25, 2007 4:00 PM EST Index GPU Physics PhysX Final Thoughts GPU Physics When ATI and NVIDIA launched their first physics initiatives in 2006, they rallied behind Havok, the physics middleware provider whose software has powered a great number of PC games this decade. Havok in turn produced Havok FX, a separate licensable middleware package that used Shader Model 3.0 for calculating physics on supported GPUs. Havok FX was released in Q2 of 2006, and if you haven't heard about it you're not alone. So far not a single game has shipped that uses Havok FX; plenty of games have shipped using the normal Havok middleware which is entirely CPU-powered, but none with Havok FX. The only title we know of that has been announced with Havok FX support is Hellgate: London, which is due this year. However we've noticed there has been next-to-no mention of this since NVIDIA's announcement in 2006, so make of that what you will. Why any individual developer chooses to use Havok FX or not will be a unique answer, but there are a couple of common threads that we believe explain much of the situation. The first is pure business: Havok FX costs extra to license. We're not privy to the exact fee schedule Havok charges, but it's no secret PC gaming has been on a decline - it's a bad time to be spending more if it can be avoided. Paying for Havok FX isn't going to break the bank for the large development houses, but there are other potentially cheaper options. The second reason, and that which has the greater effect, is a slew of technical details that stem from using Havok FX. Paramount to this is what the GPU camp is calling physics is not what the rest of us would call physics with a straight face. As Havok FX was designed, the physics simulations run on the GPU are not retrievable in a practical manner, as such Havok FX is designed to be used to generate "second-order" physics. Such physics are not related to gameplay and are inserted as eye-candy. A good example of this is Ghost Recon: Advanced Warfighter, which we'll ignore was a PhysX powered title for the moment and focus on the fact that it used the PhysX hardware primarily for extra debris. The problem with this of course is obvious, and Havok goes through a great deal of trouble in their Havok FX literature to make this clear. The extra eye-candy is nice and it's certainly an interesting solution to bypassing the problem of lots-of-little-things loading down the CPU (although Direct3D 10 has reduced the performance hit of this), but it also means that the GPU can't have any meaningful impact on gameplay. It doesn't make Havok FX entirely useless since eye-candy does serve its purpose, but it's not what most people (ourselves included) envision when we think hardware accelerated physics; we're looking for the next step in interactive physics, not more eye-candy. There's also a secondary issue that sees little discussion, largely because it's not immediately quantifiable, and that's performance. Because Havok FX is doing its work on the GPU, shader resources being used for rendering may be getting reallocated to physics calculations, while the remainder of the resources are left to pick up the rest of the work on top of the additional work generated by Havok FX as a result of creating more eye-candy. When the majority of new titles are GPU limited, it's not hard to imagine this scenario. A Jetway board with 3 PCIe x16 slots. We're still waiting to put them to use Thankfully for the GPU camp, Havok isn't the only way to get some level of physics, Shader Model 4.0 introduces some new options. Besides implementing Havok FX in the form of custom code, with proper preparation the geometry shader can be used to do second-order physics like Havok. For example the Call of Juarez technology demonstration uses this technique for its water effects. That said using the geometry shader brings on the same limitations as Havok FX in not being able to retrieve the data for first-order physics. The second, and by far more interesting use of new GPU technology is exploiting the use of GPGPU techniques to do physics calculations for games. ATI and NVIDIA provide the CTM and CUDA interfaces respectively to allow developers to write high-level code for GPUs to do computing work, and although the primary use of GPGPU technology is for the secondary market of high-performance research computing, it's possible to use this same technology with games. NVIDIA is marketing this under the Quantum Effects initiative, separating it from their early Havok-powered SLI Physics initiative. Unfortunately the tools for all of these technologies are virtually brand new, games using GPGPU techniques are going to take some time to arrive. This would roughly be in line with the arrival of games that make serious use of DirectX10, which includes the lag period where games will need to support older hardware and hence can't take full advantage of GPGPU techniques. The biggest question here is if any developers using GPGPU techniques will end up using the GPU for first-order physics or solely second-order. It's due to all of the above that the GPU camp has been so quiet about physics as of late. Given that the only currently commercial-ready GPU accelerated physics technology is limited to second-order physics and only one game is due to be released using said technology this year, there's simply not much to be excited about at the moment. If serious GPU accelerated physics are to arrive, it's going to be another video card upgrade away at the least. Index PhysX Index GPU Physics PhysX Final Thoughts Axion22 - Wednesday, August 1, 2007 - link Sorry PhysX, you're toast. Multi-core CPUs will have you beat, and by manufacturers who have much more influence in the industry. Even if it did catch on, AMD and Nvidia would just add support and bury you in that market segment. Aegia would do better trying to get in on the console action. At least there they will have a customer-base. Reply Zak - Wednesday, August 29, 2007 - link Yeah, I never liked the idea from the beginning. Count me as one of those who'd rather spend extra $200 on faster CPU than dedicated physics card. What are the chances that many games will use PhysX in a meaningful way, how long PhysX will be around? And, if PhysX is able to run in software mode on one core of a multicore CPU, I'd rather go that way. Z. Reply 0roo0roo - Sunday, July 29, 2007 - link the simple fact is gamers would rather buy a nicer cpu with more cores with that money. if those cores still can only deliver slightly less physics than the addon, people are willing to live with it. we aren't in a desperate rush to get physics. with the rate at which cpus keep progressing it won't matter, we'll get it regardless. so why worry. its not like sony or nintendo are quaking in their boots at the insane games that physx can create:P the compelling need is not apparent. digital worlds aren't detailed enough for it to matter, people still don't expect things to work in games the same way as reality. physics is limited to blowing stuff up and stacking boxes. and as i said, for online play it won't ever be set for physx cards. if it affects game play than you can't play together with other non physx, so to guarantee compatibility it will be limited to fx and it becomes nothing more than eye candy again. Reply Bensam123 - Saturday, July 28, 2007 - link There are quite a few more game available that feature PhysX then just GRAW and GRAW2. http://ageia.com/physx/titles.html">http://ageia.com/physx/titles.html Not in the list is Rise of Legends. I don't know if it's official, but when installed it installs PhsyX and has quite robust physics in game (ragdolls in a RTS, land deformation, unit movement, etc.). What I really don't understand and what this article didn't answer, is WHY game developers would pay for a license for a SDK when you can get a better, more user friendly, better supported, more robust, and finely free SDK. It just doesn't make sense to me. Developers have nothing to lose from using PhysX, but have a lot to gain. FYI for people that can't read the article, PhysX has a software mode it operates in. The software mode is natively made to run on more then one core. When it all comes down to it, even if you are a advocate for doing physics on a spair core PhysX already does that. Reply commandar - Friday, July 27, 2007 - link Wow, this article definitely isn't up to the quality level I generally expect from Anandtech. Typos everywhere and then gems like this: "Being embarrassingly parallel in nature, physics simulations aren't just a good match for GPUs/PPUs with their sub-processors, but a logical fit for multi-core CPUs." What you say? For one, all processors are not created equal. CPUs are awesome for general purpose work, but a GPU will eat its lunch when it comes to vector math. GPUs are massively parallel vector processors. Physics math generall is vector math. While there are problems with doing physics processing which others have already pointed out, suggesting that CPUs are better suited to the job because of parallelism is baffling. Reply Ryan Smith - Friday, July 27, 2007 - link Reposted from earlier in the comments: I think you're misinterpreting what I'm saying. GPUs are well suited to embarrassingly parallel applications, however with the core-war now you can put these tasks on a CPU which while not as fast at FP as a GPU/PPU, is quickly catching up thanks to having multiple CPU cores and how easy it is to put embarrassingly parallel tasks on such a CPU. GPUs are still better suited, but CPUs are becoming well enough suited that the GPU advantage is being chipped away. Reply taterworks - Saturday, July 28, 2007 - link It's still not parallel enough. A modern CPU has only four cores (the Cell/BE doesn't count since it's not a CPU for PCs), but effective physics processing requires much more parallelism. The Ageia card is better suited to physics processing than any CPU that we'll be able to buy in the next five years. In addition, Ageia identifies a few shortcomings of GPUs when applied to physics calculations. GPUs can't perform read-modify-write operations in their shader units -- they can only perform read operations. In addition, GPUs aren't optimized for applications where each shader unit must execute different code -- they're designed to execute the same code, but on different parts of the image. As a result, some shader units finish their calculations before other shader units and simply sit idle instead of processing the next batch of data. The problem here is that the parallelism advantages become hamstrung by inefficiency. In the end, physics computations are too subtantially different from graphics computations for one optimized processing unit to be applied to a half-hearted form of the other. What's to blame for Ageia's failure? I think there's a fundamental problem with the way gamers think about an immersive gaming experience. Gamers are too preoccupied with resolution, texture and model detail, lighting, and frame rates to notice that objects in games don't behave like real objects. The focus is on visual realism, not physical realism, but both are required for a true virtual reality experience. In addition, the PhysX hardware was too expensive from the start -- it had to be cheaper than GPUs in order for anyone to take a chance on it. A $99 PhysX card was desperately needed last year. Reply JarredWalton - Sunday, July 29, 2007 - link Of course, all of what you're saying assumes that we actually need that much physics processing power. I remember reading about a flight simulator a while back where they described all of the complex calculations being done to make the flight model as realistic as possible. After the lengthy description of the surface dynamics calculations and whatever else was involved in making the planes behave realistically, the developer than made the comment that all of that used less than 5% of the CPU power. Most of the remaining CPU time was used for graphics. Granted, that was Flight Unlimited and it was a while ago, but the situation is still pretty similar to what we have today. As complex as physics might be if you model it exactingly, it's really not necessary and the graphics still demand the majority of the CPU power. AI and physics are the other things the CPU handles. People can come up with situations (i.e. Cell Factor) where hardware physics is necessary to maintain acceptable performance. The real question is whether those situations are really necessary in order to deliver a compelling game. Right now, games continue to be predominantly single core - even the most physics oriented games (Half-Life 2?) don't use multiple cores. And physics calculations aren't really consuming a majority of even one core! Now, give physics two cores that only need to do physics (on a quad core system), and do you see any reason that any current game is going to need a PPU? Especially when the cost of the PPU card is about as much as the cost of a quad core CPU? I don't, and I don't expect to before AGEIA is pretty much gone. Maybe Intel or AMD will by their intellectual property and incorporate the tech into a future CPU. Short term, I just don't think they're relevant. Reply 0roo0roo - Friday, July 27, 2007 - link wouldn't they have to create physx only servers if the physics affect gameplay? they certainly aren't going to require physx to play online...i'm guessing it will only be limited to effects for the most part because of this. Reply Bladen - Sunday, July 29, 2007 - link I'd imagine that hardware physics would not be much more taxing then non-hardware physics, except for RAM, on servers. I'd say that the server would make everyones computer do the number crunching. The server would just say 'player 1 fires a rocket from this position at this angle (and thus hits this wall like so)". Every players individual PhysX card would do its own processing, and calculate to the same answer. This is purely speculation though, I have no real knowledge of video game programing (or any kind of programming for that matter). Reply	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line170
__label__wiki	0.975457	0.975457	HomeBusinessFining women for walk will damage public compliance with the rules, former police chief warns Fining women for walk will damage public compliance with the rules, former police chief warns martinward 7 days ago no commentChiefcompliancedamagefiningpolicepublicruleswalkwarnswomen Tougher police enforcement of the new lockdown rules will “damage” the public’s support for restrictions because people will believe officers are being overzealous and “unfair”, a former chief constable has warned. Mike Barton, who used to run Durham Police, urged the Government to keep its message “simple” and avoid repeatedly changing rules so both police and the public were clear what they should do during the nationwide lockdown. His comments come as forces across the country vowed to issue fines rather than guidance to those breaking rules, amid calls from scientists for even stricter laws to stem the number of Covid deaths and infections. Earlier, Derbyshire Police was criticised for giving two women £200 fines each for driving 10 minutes to walk by a reservoir and told the hot drinks they had constituted a picnic. The force launched a review of its actions on Saturday. Mr Barton said he expects the force to “row back” adding: “But sadly there will be some damage done here because, for the public to comply with the law, they have got to think and see the police are acting fairly. “It’s called procedural justice. If police aren’t seen to be acting fairly, the public won’t comply.” He continued: “None of those issues have ever been described by the law before, so no wonder there is some confusion out there.” Tony Wetton, chairman of the Derbyshire Police Federation, defended his force’s approach, insisting how after nine months people should grasp lockdown rules. “Whilst officers will continue to engage, explain and encourage people to comply with the rules there is now a need for enforcement where they are not followed. Where there are wilful breaches of the legislation there will be enforcement,” he said. But, Hardyal Dhindsa, the county’s Police and Crime Commissioner, said it appeared “the force had been a little over-zealous in its interpretation of the guidance”. “While the police can enforce the regulations, guidance is just that which can make this a very challenging and complex situation to police,” he said, adding how officers were “doing their best in very difficult circumstances”. Paddy Tipping, the chairman of the Association of Police and Crime Commissioners, said officers had to rely on “discretion” when interpreting the guidelines, stressing how public support was essential because “we can’t police our way out of the crisis”. John Apter,the Police Federation chairman, said officers felt they were “damned if they do and damned if they don’t” when it came to enforcing guidelines, which ministers still needed to clarify. In one tweet, it was claimed a lawyer travelling to appear at a court was stopped at a London station and asked by officers whether her appearance could not have been conducted through an internet video link. The zeal with which some are enforcing lockdown was also illustrated when Floyd Langridge was stopped by an “aggressive” council Covid marshall in Tonbridge, Kent. Mr Langridge was smoking a cigarette as he walked back from shops but was accused of smoking cannabis and threatened with arrest. Tonbridge and Malling Borough Council said the marshall had been replaced “with immediate effect”. Meanwhile, members of the public accused officers of hypocrisy after posting a picture online of police having breakfast in a “packed” cafe, despite restrictions banning restaurants from providing meals on their premises. Brian Jennings, 44, said he “regularly” walks by the Greenwich Patrol Base, in south east London, to see officers eating in a nearby cafe. “It’s a public cafe and it’s open and it’s serving table service in lockdown – it is not good,” the IT manager from Blackheath said. “You read about people getting fined in the papers and it and it seems there’s no attempt at social distancing in the cafe.” Anti-lockdown protesters flouting social distancing in Clapham, South West London, were heckled by passers by as they held a demonstration. Twelve people were arrested after 30 people marched down Clapham High Street chanting “take your freedom back”. In an article in his local paper, Kier Pritchard, the chief constable of Wiltshire Police, said his officers will “move to enforcement much quicker” when they see people “flagrantly breaching the rules”. Devon and Cornwall police also insisted people should not travel by car to beauty spots to exercise. In a tweet the constabulary said: “Leaving your home to exercise is fine to do, but please remain local and walk or cycle if you can.” Shaun Sawyer, the force’s chief constable, said it would be using more high visibility patrols and automatic number plate recognition to ensure people are not making unnecessary journeys. He added how policing during the pandemic had become “more intense”. “We are going to enforce and there is going to be an awful lot of activity and an awful lot of difficult conversations if this carries on,” he added. ougher police enforcement of the new lockdown rules will “damage” the public’s support for restrictions because people will believe officers are being overzealous and “unfair”, a former chief constable has warned. Earlier, Derbyshire Police was criticised for giving two women £200 fines each for driving 10 minutes to walk by a reservoir and told the hot drinks they had constituted a picnic. The force yesterday launched a review of its actions. Mr Barton said he expects the force to “row back” adding: “But sadly there will be some damage done here because, for the public to comply with the law, they have got to think and see the police are acting fairly. “It’s called procedural justice. If police aren’t seen to be acting fairly, the public won’t comply.” He continued: “None of those issues have ever been described by the law before, so no wonder there is some confusion out there.” “Whilst officers will continue to engage, explain and encourage people to comply with the rules there is now a need for enforcement where they are not followed. Where there are wilful breaches of the legislation there will be enforcement,” he said. But, Hardyal Dhindsa, the county’s Police and Crime Commissioner, said it appeared “the force had been a little over-zealous in its interpretation of the guidance”. Tags :Chiefcompliancedamagefiningpolicepublicruleswalkwarnswomen Apple makes the leap to 5G with four new iPhones – Which? News When is Joe Biden sworn in as US president, and will Trump attend? Klean Industries Blockchain Solution Called the KleanLoop™ is Nominated for Business Innovation Award in the Tyre Recycling & Tire Manufacturing Sector, The Canadian Business Journal Boss Madigan Falls at Last	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line171
__label__wiki	0.611395	0.611395	Cokin’s Corner, Monday 6/20/16 The old adage goes, live by the jumper, die by the jumper. That basketball axiom turned out to be dead on for the Golden State Warriors on Sunday. The team regarded as the best jump shooting team in hoop history couldn’t get the ball to drop when it mattered most, and the Cleveland Cavaliers are now the new world champs. This title game will be dissected from every angle, as history was made by the Cavaliers while the team that broke the regular season win record couldn’t close things out with a 3-1 lead. But in the end, it was more about one awful stretch of shooting that reared its ugly head at the worst possible time. The Warriors made a basket to take a four-point lead with 5:37 remaining. They made one bucket the rest of the way, a Klay Thompson deuce that tied things up with 4:39 still to play. Little did anyone know that would be the last points the Warriors would score this season. Golden State missed its last nine shots. The last couple probably didn’t matter, as they came at the very finish after the Cavaliers had taken a two-possession lead. But the first seven missed sure had an impact. Had a couple of those shots fallen, the Warriors would likely be prepping for a big parade right now. Had Golden State made even one of those attempts, we might still be playing as the issue surely would have been in doubt till the final horn. But the Warriors missed them all, and LeBron James turned out to be King James at crunch time. The series as a whole was not exactly riveting in terms of close games. But the climactic Game Seven lived up to billing in terms of tension if not aesthetic beauty. Congratulations to LeBron, whose greatness should never again be debated. And congrats to the city of Cleveland, which finally gets to celebrate a championship after so many empty years. Monday’s baseball slate looks thin, and as of now I’ve made just one play. That’s therefore the game I’ll post here as the daily free play. GIANTS (Bumgarner) at PIRATES (Locke) Take: GIANTS -1.5 -115 Two teams in completely opposite directions here. The Giants have won eight straight, the Pirates have lost five in a row and are 1-11 in their last 12. So it’s pretty obviously a spot where it’s Giants or pass, as I have no desire to fade the hot favorite nor try to score with the ice cold dog. Adding in the pitching makes it a play on the big chalk side. Madison Bumgarner is in great form, and that’s something I doubt I’ve ever said about Jeff Locke. A lot of the team data is pretty close as far as the overall data goes, but not surprisingly, the current form favors the San Francisco side. There’s even the small scheduling bonus, with the Pirates traveling home after playing the Sunday night game. There isn’t any line value here, as laying a runs line and not getting an underdog price is definitely not what would be termed a sharp move. But I’m getting an elite #1 starter against a guy who’s actually not even a #5 on his numbers, and the team form pushed this one into the play column for me. I’ll rely on MadBum and will spot the -1.5 with the Giants.	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line179
__label__wiki	0.525826	0.525826	Dave’s Free Play, Sunday 4/21/13 Nice job by a first-time starter on Saturday’s free play, as Hiram Burgos and the Brewers got the win over the Cubs. I’m pretty big on following prospects as much as I’m able to, as it’s one of those areas where I feel as though I can derive an edge for at least a few starts when these pitchers arrive in the big leagues. Speaking of debuts, Anthony Rendon will take the field for the first time today as the Nationals finish up their series with the Mets. Rendon is a major prospect, and for those of you who own injured Ryan Zimmerman or have a 3B opening in your fantasy league, this guy is worth grabbing. Rendon has no speed at all, and his power might be only big league average, but make no mistake, he’s a hitter. Rendon has had injury issues, but if can stay healthy, he’ll be a batting title contender down the road. Great eye, and Rendon should be a doubles machine in the bigs. He’s blocked at 3B by Zimmerman, but Rendon has experience at 2B as well, and it’s not inconceivable he could be manning the keystone for the Nats given the lack of offensive growth by incumbent Danny Espinosa. I’m staying with the debut theme for today’s free play. As for the ones you have to pay for, which would be my personal plays, rates and info are available simply by firing off an email to me at cokin@cox.net. 04/21 04:10 PM MLB (931) KANSAS CITY ROYALS VS (932) BOSTON RED SOX Take: (932) BOSTON RED SOX Here’s your Hollywood screenplay playing out in real life. Allen Webster makes his big league debut today in front of what will be a sellout crowd at Fenway Park. Not bad for a guy who was primarily a shortstop in high school. Webster happened to be pitching on a day where a big league scout was in town to scout someone else. Scout liked what he saw, Dodgers took an 18th round stab at him in the ’08 draft, and five years later, he’s pitching on the big stage. As far as what you’ll see when Webster takes the mound, he’s going to throw low heat with plenty of movement. Webster will get his share of K’s but his best game will be generating ground balls with natural sink, and what should be some ugly swings with a very tough changeup. The slider is a work in progress but if that pitch continues to develop, the Webster ceiling gets pretty high. His control can be shaky at times, as he gets so much late movement on his offerings that he can get a bit wild at times. That’s the downside for the righty, as he gets hit when behind in the count, and as big league hitters get accustomed to seeing him, their patience will be something Webster will have to adjust to. But against batters who have never seen him, I see Webster having an advantage at the outset. Jeremy Guthrie will go in this game for the Royals, and he’s on a roll. Guthrie has surrendered just 28 ER in about 100 IP going back to last season, and he’s off a terrific outing at Atlanta, albeit one on which he got no decision. As for that 28 ER/100 IP line, it’s actually even better if you remove one disastrous start where he got torched. But that one start was, you guessed it, right here at Fenway Park. Guthrie has had a miserable time in this ballpark, and I’ll expect Red Sox skipper John Farrell to load the lineup with guys who have blown up Guthrie in the past. Scanning the Boston roster, Farrell will get to select from among hitters who are a collective 59/169 with nine HR against Guthrie. You’ll have to lay a price here with the Red Sox. But the team is on a red hot roll right now and it’s rare that first time starters are huge chalk. I’ll be on the Boston side in this contest.	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line180
__label__cc	0.643761	0.356239	That last Scope The Scope XVIII I think it was a good one to end on, we’ve had a good run up here at The Caroline of Brunswick and put on a lot of rare stuff we wouldn’t otherwise have seen. Thanks to Dan Powell for playing at so many of them. Baby was depleted even beyond the trio we were expecting, Adam Bushell turned up, set up his Vibraphone and drums, slept for an hour and then had to go home poorly. So we were left with Alfie on Double bass and Will on guitar and flute. I’d not seen Alfie before. He started with some plucked figures with Will interjecting on screwed up acoustic guitar, before switching to longer bowed figures and Will switching to flute, with some interesting overtones, switching between lower tones and almost feedback sonorities Alfie tapping the bass body in lieu of Adam, before dropping back to Will on the guitar chords and Alfie back off the bow. Before finishing strongly on long flute tones and bass rumble. http://spiritofgravity.com/site/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/01-Jan-Scope-01-baby-duo-for-blog.mp3 Andrew Greaves vs. the Electrocreche The electrocreche was already set up playing through Andrew Greaves’ mixer in preparation for his set, where he would process it through a couple of monotribes (mmmm, a fetching pink number with enhanced Valvery) and add some Casio and some recordings from the bar downstairs. It slid in more or less seamlessly, the toy guitar feedback and cheap Yamaha synth merging with static cassette hi-hat staggers manufactured on the fly. Structure gradually emerging from the chaos as people rotated through the crèche toys and Andrew’s processing picked out different elements and manipulated them. Rhythmic patterns, pseudo sequences, bass lines. It was quite odd, you would be playing something on say the kids guitar and switch from one end of the neck to the other or drop off the overdrive and nothing you could immediately put your finger on would change, but the sounds would shift in quality but if you tried to make it a conscious thing – not a hope. In many ways this was the success of the evening as it seemed quite unlikely that it would work beyond being an interesting idea – everything else was a cert! It all finished with a percussive rhythmic part and the bar voices coming back in full strength, the guitar left unattended holding down some keys on the Yamaha. http://spiritofgravity.com/site/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/01-Jan-Scope-02-andrew-vs-the-elektrocreche-for-blog.mp3 The Static Memories with Will Miles Third was The Static Memories with Will Miles. Dan on electronics, Gus on double bass and effects, although pretty light on them generally and Will playing guitar. Lots of listening, sliding and pointillist punctuation. Odd notes, spaces, slurs of shimmery bees, unworldy string groans. Gus playing against what he’d been doing in his recent solo sets. Sparing and searing in his astringency. Dan almost like Roger Turner in the intensity of his staring at the other players. In musical terms what? Swatches of sounds often overlapping, textured but never dense, never a feeling of layering up loops or ribald noisery. Will scratching or pasting a staccato strum or bell like string pluck onto the process, redirecting things, almost bringing them to a halt at times before something else beckoned. http://spiritofgravity.com/site/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/01-Jan-Scope-03-2Static-Memories-with-Will-for-blog.mp3 Fernando Perales Fernando Perales was on his second appearance at The Spirit of Gravity and it was nice to see him in the more intimate settings of the scope where you could see what he was up to with the guitar. He was actually travelling with just a guitar neck, but had borrowed a full body for the evening, flat on the table with effects arrayed around it and some bits and pieces for later use scattered about, for p[lucking, filing and layering around. He first worked out the spaces the un-tuned guitar afforded, how much rumble, wash and twang it would give up. So we worked around some drones initially, the edge of feedback, before clanging out some church bell chimes and getting some things into the strings and bridge and getting some resonant tubewheel scraping on. Unfolding from there through some warm space hiss into a gorgeous slow motion music box, which morphed into a windstorm flapping electronic noise and pulsing out into Moonlight Serenade. http://spiritofgravity.com/site/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/01-Jan-Scope-04-fernando-perales-for-blog.mp3	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line186
__label__wiki	0.534615	0.534615	Art Books Cinema Culture Environment IANS Life National Showbiz Wildlife By Kushagra Dixit Book: The Climate Solution; Author: Mridula Ramesh; Publisher: Hachette India; Pages: 295; Price: Rs 550 Mridula Ramesh’s new book “The Climate Solution” presents a plethora of information, facts, figures and data on climate change in the context of India and provides a roadmap for the way forward. However, for anybody who has keenly observed the increasing environmental perils and national politics and international diplomacy around it, is bound to be left disheartened as the offering is some sort of a compilation of widely reported material on the environment. This is not to suggest that the title is not worth the reader’s time. The book does justice, or at least tries to, and highlight the topic of environment and climate change by subtly connecting them with some region-specific and some widespread social practices. The chapter “Women in Peril”, for instance, picks a social evil from a small South Indian village and connects it to the larger narrative around women empowerment. Now Ramesh relates this example to convey that with the increase in climate change, the opportunities for women workforce in the agricultural sector will stand challenged. Over the past few years, environment issues have gained voice and terms like climate change, global warming and even Paris Agreement are now a part of common knowledge, at least in the urban landscape. This change is particularly because of the efforts of hundreds of environmentalists, conservationists and activists. And, anyway, at a time when 40 degrees celsius has become a norm in the Indo-Gangetic plains during the summer, any endeavour that tackles this piercing issue is a welcome move. Simple narrative, easy-to-read language and parallels drawn from Indian scriptures make “The Climate Solution” a captivating read. The book offers some great stories and peeps into the past for lessons we need today. Lessons are drawn from success stories like how cotton cultivation revived itself in Punjab. It also touches on an ongoing conflict between two lobbies and asks whether or not we need genetically modified (GM) crops. It manages to be fair, not giving the issue of GM an activist-like treatment but rather giving facts of its need and side-effects. It quotes a lot of “experts”, some figures such as “six Indian cities produce 30,000 tonnes of garbage every day” and how the waste management industry can create over half a million jobs. However, these figures are like “known population of tigers” — always a rough estimation with huge error scope, often inaccurate, and need more clarity and research. This book, however, lacks it. This perhaps is the reason that even though this book could be about perils of climate change and stuff around it for dummies, it cannot be a text book for the same. Coming to the most important factor — “Solutions” — the book touches on many topics and talks about and and comments on solutions like electric vehicles, harvesting, power and others. The solutions are not new, they are already being worked upon. In fact, some solutions — like the one on water policy under a strong enforcing authority and common ownership — does make sense, but hardly in the Indian context. India is unique, needs indigenous solutions and examples from across the world may inspire but cannot be replicated here, a senior UN official once said in an interview. However, what is impressive is that Mridula Ramesh has made and honest effort to keep the ball rolling. Trudeau, Trump discuss accelerating NAFTA talks at G7 Women’s Asia Cup: India outclass Pakistan to reach finals	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line202
__label__cc	0.505638	0.494362	Source: William Morris by Ekaterina Chertkovskaya Work is drudgery for a lot of people, whether physically or mentally, as they have to work a lot to make a living. Despite this, the work we do defines how we are perceived in society, while precarity of work has become the norm. A lot of work in capitalist growth-oriented economies is also environmentally and socially destructive. However, work can be different and meaningful, if radically reorganised. In what follows I will introduce the word, then proceed to addressing the problems with work, and finish by sketching how work could be transformed. If you look for a general definition of work, it would usually be presented as an activity that involves physical or mental effort. Such a definition includes work of different kinds, for example, wage labor, unpaid care work or subsistence farming. It is the former, however, that we usually associate work with – i.e. work as a means to earn income, taking the form of wage labor. It is this kind of work that many have to do in a capitalist economy, whether they want to or not, and despite other kinds of work co-existing with it. What work looks like today: from modern slavery to alienation The etymology of the word ‘work’ has negative connotations in some languages, including ‘torture’ (e.g. French) and ‘slavery’ (e.g. Russian). This is unfortunately the way work is experienced by many, metaphorically and literally. Work is extremely unjustly distributed within and across societies, defined by class, race, gender and other divisions. The hardest and most dangerous work is today done by people in the Global South – including children – in inhumane conditions. The earnings from this work are often not enough to live on, and yet this work creates wealth for global economies and powerful corporations. Mining for minerals in Congo to make modern technological devices possible, making cheap disposable clothes for renowned brands in Bangladesh or manually recycling plastic waste in Thailand are all examples of such work. Severe exploitation of people for commercial gain via, for example, forced labor and debt bondage, is called ‘modern slavery’. According to the ILO, about 16 million people were in forced labor in the private economy in 2016, with 51% of these being in debt bondage. Modern slavery is particularly present in agriculture, mining and extraction, construction, and some forms of manufacturing, as well as unregulated or poorly regulated service industries. New service-oriented sectors that have been expanding rapidly and relying on digital technology – epitomised by companies like Foodora and Amazon – also come with new forms of extremely tough, controlled, accelerated and low-paid work, some of which can also be characterised as modern slavery. When work is done in safe environments and in more decent conditions, with better salaries and shorter working hours, it still remains alienating: it leads to deskilling and lacks meaning for many. As David Graeber observed, capitalism has been good at creating a lot of ‘bullshit jobs’ – the kinds of jobs that do not need to exist. Corporate rhetoric, in turn, has worked hard to promote work as attractive to potential employees. For example, glitzy graduate brochures pay attention to the employer’s brand, adventures, consumption and endless training opportunities that will come with work, rather than work itself. However, even the most prestigious and glamorous jobs often turn out to be mundane, boring and complicit in the problems of our times. Even the most prestigious and glamorous jobs often turn out to be mundane, boring and complicit in the problems of our times. In response to this, we see a revival of the interest in work as craft, which is laborious but fulfilling – baking, beer brewing, small-scale agriculture, running a zero-waste store. People leave their work in corporate spaces to do something both for themselves and the society. However, these interests are often restricted by the very structure of the capitalist market, with interesting work being difficult to live from. Work has become precarious over the past thirty years, with job security having been substituted by employability in labor market policies. Zero-hour and short-term contracts become never-ending for some, and even those in permanent positions can be made redundant fairly easily. This is expected to be exacerbated by the rise of new technologies such as artificial intelligence, which will substitute many jobs done by people. Employers today can hire and fire people to adapt to the situation on the market, while state employment agencies help one to search for work, rather than to actually get it. In other words, the responsibility for one’s situation with employment has been shifted from governments and employers to people themselves. Despite this precarity of work and many not identifying with what they do to earn a living, most societies are characterised by a culture of workerism, where people’s worth is defined by the status of the work they do. To receive financial support from the state, those who are unemployed have to engage in the often humiliating and disciplining process of proving that they are searching for work, for example, sending a particular number of job applications per week. The kind of work unemployed people have to apply for, however, is often far off from what they want to be doing. The value of work Beyond the ways that work is changing today, there is a fundamental problem with how and which work is valued. Wage labor is a key feature of capitalism. Most people have to engage in wage labor to survive. Following Marxist theory, what appears as value created by investors or entrepreneurs is actually built on workers’ labor. For example, a worker at a shoe factory makes the shoes, but doesn’t own the shoe she ends up making nor does she own the machines she uses to make it with. As a result the owners of “the means of production” (e.g. the shareholders and bosses) cash in on any surplus value created, while she only receives the minimum wage the bosses are required to provide. This separation of workers from the means of production drives both capitalist surplus value and alienation from work. Because of this, Karl Marx calls work the “hidden abode of production”, i.e., the source of capitalist value which is often made invisible. As further stressed by social reproduction theory, workers also need to be sustained in spaces outside production in order to continue working. Thus, capitalist surplus value relies on yet another “hidden abode” – a vast range of reproductive activities, which are, however, invisible and are not recognised in capitalist value creation. These activities, such as domestic labor, can be paid but are largely unpaid, and mostly fall on the shoulders of women. When products are sold, however, their exchange value comes across as independent from productive and reproductive activities – Marx referred to this as commodity fetishism. Furthermore, the capitalist system is oriented towards financial gain, rather than satisfaction of human needs, and work that brings higher profits is recognised much more than work that contributes to well-being and welfare. As vividly demonstrated by the COVID-19 pandemic, work that is most essential for the daily functioning of societies – care work, nursing, driving public transport, garbage collection, etc – is valued least. At the same time, economic sectors that are destructive or churning out bullshit jobs – financial and housing market speculation, advertising that pollutes public spaces or creating distractive social media technology – enjoy extreme levels of financial gratification and social status. They are able to create jobs, employ people, and pay them well. Moreover, some industries are directly responsible for environmental destruction and health deterioration. Bue Rübner Hansen calls work in these sectors ‘batshit jobs’, to denote the madness of the contradiction when making a living is also part of unmaking life. The fossil industry, which some of the world’s richest and most powerful companies belong to, is a case in point. It gives jobs to many people, but drives destruction. Such industries have to be phased out, but the workers in those industries would also need to be ensured a just transition to meaningful jobs in sectors that would be needed in the economy of the future – care, repair, and environmental regeneration. Abolish work or liberate it? In response to the problems with work, anti-work theses have become popular, arguing, for example, for the abolition of work. Some believe that technology will help to liberate us from work, if only it could be reclaimed from the hands of capital and used in public interest. However, reliance on massive technological interventions requires a lot of energy and materials, and will likely create a lot of waste, too, and will thus bring further environmental devastation. It is also likely to come with hierarchical systems of control and, ultimately, its own forms of injustice. For example, as Barbara Muraca and Frederike Neuber argue, complex technologies like BECCS (bio-energy with carbon capture and storage) will not be possible to manage in a decentralised way, while any side effects of these technologies – such as leakage of CO2 – will directly affect local communities. Furthermore, a lot of work, often hard, time-consuming, or unpleasant, is required for the daily life of societies – such as childrearing, caring for the sick, cleaning, and provision of services. Thus, work – done by humans – is here to stay. However, it needs to be transformed. The problem with work is not confined to ‘work’ only, but is structural. Capitalist economies are oriented towards continuous capital accumulation, economic growth, and profit by all means. So transformation of work should be part of a general reorganisation of societies and economies away from capitalism and towards socio-ecological transformation. This reorganisation would decentre work from the social pedestal it enjoys today and put life at the centre instead. As part of this transformation, we need to collectively rethink which work is essential for societies and contributes to well-being and environmental regeneration, and how much of it is needed. We need to liberate ourselves from work, but also liberate work itself. As Stefania Barca argues, we need to liberate ourselves from work, but also liberate work itself. In general, we should be working less, at a slower pace, and have time for many things outside work – reproductive, social, political, but also rest, idleness and contemplation. There also needs to be a more equal distribution of work within and across societies, with everyone contributing to socially necessary work and also having spaces for more craft-based, creative and intellectual work. To liberate work itself, it should be organised differently. Collective forms of ownership and organising – such as cooperatives and commons – are key to the transformation of work. So are workplace democracy, non-hierarchical organisational structures and participatory decision-making. With such organisation of work, even work that is not pleasant in itself can acquire a different meaning. There are many ways to push for the transformation of work, starting from grassroots initiatives where work is organised differently, to institutional changes such as reduction of working time, job guarantee, universal basic income, and universal basic services. Critiques of work On modern slavery Crane, A. (2013) ‘Modern slavery as a management practice: Exploring the conditions and capabilities for human exploitation’, Academy of Management Review, 38: 49-69. International Labor Office (ILO) (2017) ‘Global estimates of modern slavery: Forced labor and forced marriage’, Geneva: ILO. www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/—dgreports/—dcomm/documents/publication/wcms_575479.pdf On other problems with work: Boredom, lack of meaning, environmental destruction Costas J. and D. Kärreman (2016) ‘The bored self in knowledge work’, Human Relations, 69(1): 61-83. Graeber, D. (2018) Bullshit jobs. London: Penguin. Hansen, B.R. (2019) ‘“Batshit jobs” – no-one should have to destroy the planet to make a living’, Open Democracy, 11 June. www.opendemocracy.net/en/opendemocracyuk/batshit-jobs-no-one-should-have-to-destroy-the-planet-to-make-a-living Hoffmann, M. and R. Paulsen (2020) ‘Resolving the “jobs-environment-dilemma”? The case for critiques of work in sustainability research’, Environmental Sociology, doi: 10.1080/23251042.2020.1790718. On discourses and qualities surrounding work: Consumption, employability, precarity Chertkovskaya, E., Korczynski, M. and Taylor, S. (2020) ‘The consumption of work: Representations and interpretations of the meaning of work at a UK university’, Organization, 27(4): 517-536. Chertkovskaya, E., P. Watt, S. Tramer and S. Spoelstra (2013) ‘Giving notice to employability’. ephemera: theory & politics in organization 13(4): 701-716. Standing, G. (2011) The precariat: The new dangerous class. London: Bloomsbury Academic. Towards alternatives Reclaiming work, visibilising social reproduction Fraser, N. (2014) ‘Behind Marx’s hidden abode’, New Left Review, 86: 55-72. Schleuning, N. (1995) “The abolition of work and other myths’, Kick it Over, 35 (Summer). Libcom.org. libcom.org/library/AbolitionWorkMythNealaScleuning Articulating and doing work differently (from critiques to alternatives) Barca, S. (2019a) ‘An alternative worth fighting for: Degrowth and the liberation of work’, in E. Chertkovskaya, A. Paulsson and S. Barca (eds.) Towards a political economy of degrowth. London: Rowman & Littlefield. Chertkovskaya, E. and K. Stoborod (2018) ‘Work’, in B. Franks, L. Williams and N. Jun (eds.) Anarchism: A conceptual approach. Routledge. Kokkinidis G. (2015) ‘Spaces of possibilities: workers’ self-management in Greece’, Organization, 22(6): 847-871. New roots collective and 2000+ signatories (2020) ‘Degrowth: new roots for the economy’, degrowth.info, 13 May. www.degrowth.info/en/open-letter On organised labour as a transformative actor Barca, S. (2019b) ‘The labor(s) of degrowth’, Capitalism Nature Socialism, 30(2): 207-216. Barca, S. and E. Leonardi (2018) ‘Working-class ecology and union politics: A conceptual topology’, Globalizations, 4: 487-503. Ekaterina Chertkovskaya is a researcher in degrowth and critical organisation studies based at Lund University, with interests in the themes of alternative organising, work and technology. She co-edited Towards a political economy of degrowth (Rowman & Littlefield, 2019) and is a member of the editorial collective of ephemera journal. Thanks to Aaron Vansintjan for his caring editing of this text. Posted in Resources for a better future, Resources for a better future, UncategorizedTagged alienation, labor, modern slavery, precarity, workLeave a Comment on Work Super glue / Superlepak Image: Ivan Šuković by Srđan Miljević translation into English by Svetlana Milivojević-Petrović Scroll down to read the story in Serbian ‘Milica!!! Come over here fast, please! I’m fucked up! I need to be fixed. Hurry up, pleeeeease!’ ‘Oh, OK. Ivan and I’ll get a taxi now. Don’t move.’ ‘Hey, I love you!’ ‘Love you too, you fool, don’t move. We’re coming.’ ‘Fuck, he can do this every single day. Why the fuck does he have to do it? What are we going to do? There’s no point in rushing like this and trying to save him each time he gets into a dark mood’, Ivan said, looking out of the taxi window. ‘Hey, please, let’s leave this for later. It pisses me off when you are acting smart while there’s a fire burning. We’ll be moralizing tomorrow. Cool it. Do you think I haven’t had enough of this? That I haven’t felt the impulse to hang up on him at least three times and ignore him? And yet, I can understand him. I don’t know…’ ‘Fuck, it’s just… Do you think he’d have the guts to do himself in?’ ‘Yes, turn right here and then take the second turning on the left. We’ll get out there and you’ll wait for us for a minute, and then we’ll go to the Emergency Department. Thank you’, Milica said to the taxi driver. The spring evening in Belgrade was unusually hot, so the sweat stinking from the driver made the rescue mission even more dramatic. ‘I think he would. It makes no difference whether you’ll cut your leg off and call Milica or just cut your leg off and not call Milica. Does it?’, she added after talking to the taxi driver. ‘But he always calls Milica’, protested Ivan. ‘So far he has.’ The way they entered Jasmin’s apartment looked like an ambulance crew taking action. Milica and Ivan were so well-practiced there was no need for instructions. They lifted Jasmin, then Ivan carried him piggyback out of the apartment. Milica waded through the rubbish on the floor to the kitchen stove and turned off the burner. She swiftly turned off several other appliances that were turned on, picking up Jasmin’s leg from the floor in passing, that is the part of his left leg below the knee. She switched off the light and left the apartment. In the ER, in the room Jasmin called the fix[1], there were body parts lying strewn around. Jasmin was sitting on the bench outside room 22, with the sign LNGH!7, which meant he was an emergency case and they were going to see him soon. Ivan looked around with curiosity, and the twinkle in his eyes confirmed what Milica already knew. He was amused by this. And all she wanted was to stay put in her crib tonight. To watch with Ivan that documentary about India in which, with the help of 6D glasses, you can feel the mud on your feet, the scent of an orchid stick getting into your nostrils, while Buddha himself is hugging you all the time. The digital display on the screen changed, and it was Jasmin’s turn. He walked in by himself, out of habit. Milica was sitting, lost in her thoughts, while Ivan went on playing a mental game in his head in which he would attach legs, arms, ears and eyes, previously separated from their original owners, to mismatched owners. So the old man sitting opposite him, leaning his arm on the wall, ended up with a small turned-up nose that belonged to a girl on the other side of the corridor. ‘Jasmin, it’s you again.’ ‘Again.’ ‘Ok. Let’s put everything back in its place straight away.’ ‘If necessary’, Jasmin said jokingly. The doctor gave him a civil smile and then said to the technician: ‘Elena, please, the glue and fast sterilization of this leg. Well, Jasmin, is this your fourth or fifth time?’ ‘The fifth time, Doc.’ ‘You already know everything. The state only covers…’ ‘I do, yes, Doc”, Jasmin interrupted him. “But I don’t want to kill myself.’ ‘You said it last time. And the time before. And…’ ‘Well, I didn’t want it then, either. I’ve already told you…’ ‘Remember, next time we won’t be able to receive you or react’, the doctor said, applying glue below the knee with one hand, and on the free part of the leg with the other. ‘Agreed, Doc. Don’t worry. I say, it’s fascinating to me how you glue it for me so well each time that there’s no mark. And how everything functions properly.’ ‘And this is why you’re playing with your fate and cutting yourself to see if the leg will be glued properly next time as well?’ ‘You are quite a joker, Doc.’ ‘Jasmin, please install the application My psychologist. Try it.’ ‘Si, señor’, said Jasmin smiling at Elena, who was already getting ready for the next patient. ‘I feel brand new”, he exclaimed after leaving room 22 walking on both legs. The doctor patted him on the shoulder and said to Milica: ‘You know that he can only take fluids today. From tomorrow, he’ll be functioning as if nothing had happened. Take care of him. We have agreed on the application. This has been his fifth time”. ‘I know doctor. Don’t worry. The three of us will be out all day tomorrow, that is sure to raise his spirits. Thanks a lot.’ ‘Take care. And don’t forget that such procedures were almost impossible until recently. Jasmin, there won’t be glue forever. Goodbye.’ ‘See you, Doc.’ The next day they enjoyed the spring sun. He was alright. They laughed, ran and had a short swim in the lake. After three days Milica’s phone rang in the evening. It was Jasmin. [1] Abbreviation for Odeljenje za fizikalno i koštano spajanje (the Department for Physical and Bone Attachments). Fiks = fix. Translator’s note Srđan Miljević is a short story writer from Belgrade, Serbia. His main topic is people facing different challenges and trying to overcome them. He does not write about progress, but about process. Superlepak „Milice!!! Brzo dođi kod mene, brzo, molim te! Sjebao sam se! Moram na fiks. Požuri, pleeeeeaaaaaaaseeeeee!” „Joj, ajde. Sad ćemo Ivan i ja na taksi. Ne pomeraj se.” „Ej, ljubim te”. „I ja tebe, budalo, ne pomeraj se. Stižemo”. „Jebote, on može tako svaki dan. Koji kurac više! Šta da radimo? Nije rešenje da ovako trčimo i spasavamo ga čim mu se smrači”, govorio je Ivan, gledajući kroz prozor taksija. „Aj please da to ostavimo za posle. Smara me kad pametuješ dok gori. Sutra ćemo da morališemo. Iskuliraj. Misliš da meni nije muka više? Da mi bar triput nije došlo da mu spustim slušalicu i da ga iskuliram? A opet, mogu da ga razumem. Otkud znam…” „Jebi ga, samo… Misliš da bi imao muda da se rokne?” „E, da, skrenite tu desno i onda druga levo. Tu ćemo izaći a vi nas sačekajte koji minut, pa idemo u urgentni. Hvala vam”, rekla je Milica taksisti. Prolećno beogradsko veče bilo je neuobičajeno toplo, pa je vonj znoja vozača ovu spasilačku misiju činio dramatičnijom. „Mislim da bi. Isto je da l’ ćeš da otfikariš sebi nogu i nazoveš Milicu ili ćeš je samo otfikariti i nećeš nazvati Milicu. Zar ne?”, dodala je ona nakon obraćanja taksisti. „Ali on uvek zove Milicu!”, bunio se Ivan. „Dosad je zvao.” Ulazak u Jasminov stan izgledao je kao akcija službe hitne pomoći. Milica i Ivan bili su toliko uigrani da nije bilo potrebe za instrukcijama. Podigli su Jasmina, onda ga je Ivan stavio na krkače i izneo napolje. Milica je kroz krš na podu otišla do šporeta i isključila ringlu. Brzinski je protrčala i pogasila još nekoliko uključenih aparata, uzimajući u prolazu Jasminovu nogu s poda, tj. deo leve noge do ispod kolena. S nogom pod miškom ugasila je svetlo i izašla iz stana. U urgentnom, u ambulanti koju je Jasmin zvao fiks[1], svuda su bili razbacani delovi tela. Jasmin je sedeo na klupi ispred sobe 22, s oznakom LNGH!7, što je značilo da je hitan slučaj i da će ga uskoro primiti. Ivan je radoznalo gledao oko sebe, a iskre u očima potvrđivale su ono što je Milica znala. Ovo ga je zabavljalo. A ona je samo želela da večeras ne mrda nigde s gajbe. Da Ivan i ona pogledaju taj dokumentarac o Indiji, gde uz pomoć 6D naočara na stopalima osetiš blato, u nos ti ulazi miris štapića orhideje, a sve vreme te grli Buda lično. Displej se promenio i sada je bio Jasminov red. Ušao je sam, po navici. Milica je sedela zamišljena, a Ivan nastavio da se igra tako što je u svojoj glavi noge, ruke, uši i oči koje su bile odvojene od svojih vlasnika spajao s pogrešnim vlasnicima. Tako je dedi preko puta, čija je ruka bila naslonjena na zid, stavio mali prćasti nos devojke s one strane hodnika. „Opet ti, Jasmine.” „Opet.” „Dobro. Hajde da odmah vratimo sve na svoje mesto.” „Ako baš mora”, šeretski odgovori Jasmin. Doktor se kurtoazno nasmešio, a onda se obratio tehničarki: „Elena, molim vas lepak i brzu sterilizaciju ove noge. Pa, Jasmine, je l’ ovo četvrti ili peti?“ „Peti put, doco”. „Sve već znaš. Država pokriva samo…” „Znam, znam, doco”, prekinuo ga je Jasmin u pola rečenice. ”Ali, ja neću da se ubijem.” „To si rekao i prošli put. I pre toga. I…” „Pa, ni tada nisam hteo. Rekao sam vam već… “ „Zapamti, sledeći put nećemo moći da te primimo, a ni reagujemo”, rekao je doktor sad već nanoseći lepak na potkolenicu jednom, a na slobodni deo noge drugom rukom. „Dogovoreno, doco. Ništa ne brinite. Mislim, meni je fascinantno kako mi je svaki put lepo zalepite da se baš ništa ne vidi. I da baš sve radi kako treba.” „Pa se igraš sudbinom i seckaš se ne bi li video hoće li i naredni put biti dobro zalepljena, a?” „Vi ste, doco, baš neki šaljivdžija.” „Jasmine, molim te da ipak instaliraš aplikaciju Moj psiholog. Probaj.” „Si, senjor”, rekao je Jasmin smeškajući se Eleni koja se već pripremala za sledećeg pacijenta. „Ko nov”, uskliknuo je po izlasku iz sobe 22 hodajući na obe noge. Doktor ga je potapšao po ramenu i obratio se Milici: „Znate da danas sme da unosi samo tečnost. Od sutra će funkcionisati kao da se ništa nije desilo. Pripazite ga. Dogovorili smo se za aplikaciju. Već mu je peti put”. „Znam, doktore. Ne brinite. Sutra ćemo nas troje ceo dan biti napolju, to će ga sigurno odobrovoljiti. Hvala vam mnogo.” „Čuvajte se. I ne zaboravite da su ovakvi zahvati do skoro bili nemogući. Jasmine, lepka neće biti zauvek. Doviđenja”. „Vidimo se, doco”. Sutradan su uživali u prolećnom suncu. Bio je dobro. Smejali su se, trčali i kratko se okupali u jezeru. Nakon tri dana Milici je uveče zazvonio telefon. Bio je to Jasmin. [1] skraćeno od Odeljenje za fizikalno i koštano spajanje Srđan Miljević (Beograd, Srbija) piše kratke priče o ljudima koji se suočavaju s različitim izazovima i pokušajima da ih prevaziđu. Srđan ne piše o progresu, već o procesu. Posted in Not afraid of the ruins, Not afraid of the ruins, UncategorizedTagged Naučna fantastika, science fictionLeave a Comment on Super glue / Superlepak How circular is the circular economy? Illustration: Diego Marmolejo. by Kris De Decker The circular economy has become, for many governments, institutions, companies, and environmental organisations, one of the main components of a plan to lower carbon emissions. In the circular economy, resources would be continually re-used, meaning that there would be no more mining activity or waste production. The stress is on recycling, made possible by designing products so that they can easily be taken apart. Attention is also paid to developing an “alternative consumer culture”. In the circular economy, we would no longer own products, but would loan them. For example, a customer could pay not for lighting devices but for light, while the company remains the owner of the lighting devices and pays the electricity bill. A product thus becomes a service, which is believed to encourage businesses to improve the lifespan and recyclability of their products. The circular economy is presented as an alternative to the “linear economy” – a term that was coined by the proponents of circularity, and which refers to the fact that industrial societies turn valuable resources into waste. However, while there’s no doubt that the current industrial model is unsustainable, the question is how different to so-called circular economy would be. Several scientific studies (see references) describe the concept as an “idealised vision”, a “mix of various ideas from different domains”, or a “vague idea based on pseudo-scientific concepts”. There’s three main points of criticism, which we discuss below. Too complex to recycle The first dent in the credibility of the circular economy is the fact that the recycling process of modern products is far from 100% efficient. A circular economy is nothing new. In the middle ages, old clothes were turned into paper, food waste was fed to chickens or pigs, and new buildings were made from the remains of old buildings. The difference between then and now is the resources used. Before industrialisation, almost everything was made from materials that were either decomposable – like wood, reeds, or hemp – or easy to recycle or re-use – like iron and bricks. Modern products are composed of a much wider diversity of (new) materials, which are mostly not decomposable and are also not easily recycled. For example, a recent study of the modular Fairphone 2 – a smartphone designed to be recyclable and have a longer lifespan – shows that the use of synthetic materials, microchips, and batteries makes closing the circle impossible. Only 30% of the materials used in the Fairphone 2 can be recuperated. A study of LED lights had a similar result. The large-scale use of synthetic materials, microchips, and batteries makes closing the circle impossible. The more complex a product, the more steps and processes it takes to recycle. In each step of this process, resources and energy are lost. Furthermore, in the case of electronic products, the production process itself is much more resource-intensive than the extraction of the raw materials, meaning that recycling the end product can only recuperate a fraction of the input. And while some plastics are indeed being recycled, this process only produces inferior materials (“downcycling”) that enter the waste stream soon afterwards. The low efficiency of the recycling process is, on its own, enough to take the ground from under the concept of the circular economy: the loss of resources during the recycling process always needs to be compensated with more over-extraction of the planet’s resources. Recycling processes will improve, but recycling is always a trade-off between maximum material recovery and minimum energy use. And that brings us to the next point. How can you recycle energy sources? The second dent in the credibility of the circular economy is the fact that 20% of total resources used worldwide are fossil fuels. More than 98% of that is burnt as a source of energy and can’t be re-used or recycled. At best, the excess heat from, for example, the generation of electricity, can be used to replace other heat sources. As energy is transferred or transformed, its quality diminishes (second law of thermodynamics). For example, it’s impossible to operate one car or one power plant with the excess heat from another. Consequently, there will always be a need to mine new fossil fuels. Besides, recycling materials also requires energy, both through the recycling process and the transportation of recycled and to-be-recycled materials. To this, the supporters of the circular economy have a response: we will shift to 100% renewable energy. But this doesn’t make the circle round: to build and maintain renewable energy plants and accompanied infrastructures, we also need resources (both energy and materials). What’s more, technology to harvest and store renewable energy relies on difficult-to-recycle materials. That’s why solar panels, wind turbines and lithium-ion batteries are not recycled, but landfilled or incinerated. Input exceeds output The third dent in the credibility of the circular economy is the biggest: the global resource use – both energetic and material – keeps increasing year by year. The use of resources grew by 1400% in the last century: from 7 gigatonnes (Gt) in 1900 to 62 Gt in 2005 and 78 Gt in 2010. That’s an average growth of about 3% per year – more than double the rate of population growth. Growth makes a circular economy impossible, even if all raw materials were recycled and all recycling was 100% efficient. The amount of used material that can be recycled will always be smaller than the material needed for growth. To compensate for that, we have to continuously extract more resources. Growth makes a circular economy impossible, even if all raw materials were recycled and all recycling was 100% efficient. The difference between demand and supply is bigger than you might think. If we look at the whole life cycle of resources, then it becomes clear that proponents for a circular economy only focus on a very small part of the whole system, and thereby misunderstand the way it operates. Accumulation of resources A considerable segment of all resources – about a third of the total – are neither recycled, nor incinerated or dumped: they are accumulated in buildings, infrastructure, and consumer goods. In 2005, 62 Gt of resources were used globally. After subtracting energy sources (fossil fuels and biomass) and waste from the mining sector, the remaining 30 Gt were used to make material goods. Of these, 4 Gt was used to make products that last for less than one year (disposable products). The other 26 Gt was accumulated in buildings, infrastructure, and consumer goods that last for more than a year. In the same year, 9 Gt of all surplus resources were disposed of, meaning that the “stocks” of material capital grew by 17 Gt in 2005. In comparison: the total waste that could be recycled in 2005 was only 13 Gt (4 Gt disposable products and 9 Gt surplus resources), of which only a third (4 Gt) can be effectively recycled. About a third of all resources are neither recycled, nor incinerated or dumped: they are accumulated in buildings, infrastructure, and consumer goods. Only 9 Gt is then put in a landfill, incinerated, or dumped – and it is this 9 Gt that the circular economy focuses on. But even if that was all recycled, and if the recycling processes were 100% efficient, the circle would still not be closed: 63 Gt in raw materials and 30 Gt in material products would still be needed. As long as we keep accumulating raw materials, the closing of the material life cycle remains an illusion, even for materials that are, in principle, recyclable. For example, recycled metals can only supply 36% of the yearly demand for new metal, even if metal has relatively high recycling capacity, at about 70%. We still use more raw materials in the system than can be made available through recycling – and so there are simply not enough recyclable raw materials to put a stop to the continuously expanding extractive economy. The true face of the circular economy A more responsible use of resources is of course an excellent idea. But to achieve that, recycling and re-use alone aren’t enough. Since 71% of all resources cannot be recycled or re-used (44% of which are energy sources and 27% of which are added to existing stocks), you can only really get better numbers by reducing total use. A circular economy would therefore demand that we use less fossil fuels (which isn’t the same as using more renewable energy), and that we accumulate less raw materials in commodities. Most importantly, we need to make less stuff: fewer cars, fewer microchips, fewer buildings. This would result in a double profit: we would need less resources, while the supply of discarded materials available for re-use and recycling would keep growing for many years to come. It seems unlikely that the proponents of the circular economy would accept these additional conditions. The concept of the circular economy is intended to align sustainability with economic growth – in other words, more cars, more microchips, more buildings. For example, the European Union states that the circular economy will “foster sustainable economic growth”. Even the limited goals of the circular economy – total recycling of a fraction of resources – demands an extra condition that proponents probably won’t agree with: that everything is once again made with wood and simple metals, without using synthetic materials, semi-conductors, lithium-ion batteries or composite materials. This article first appeared on Low-tech Magazine. Kris De Decker is editor of Low-Tech Magazine and lives in Barcelona, Spain. Haas, Willi, et al. “How circular is the global economy?: An assessment of material flows, waste production, and recycling in the European Union and the world in 2005.” Journal of Industrial Ecology 19.5 (2015): 765-777. Murray, Alan, Keith Skene, and Kathryn Haynes. “The circular economy: An interdisciplinary exploration of the concept and application in a global context.” Journal of Business Ethics 140.3 (2017): 369-380. Gregson, Nicky, et al. “Interrogating the circular economy: the moral economy of resource recovery in the EU.” Economy and Society 44.2 (2015): 218-243. Krausmann, Fridolin, et al. “Global socioeconomic material stocks rise 23-fold over the 20th century and require half of annual resource use.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2017): 201613773. Korhonen, Jouni, Antero Honkasalo, and Jyri Seppälä. “Circular economy: the concept and its limitations.” Ecological economics 143 (2018): 37-46. Fellner, Johann, et al. “Present potentials and limitations of a circular economy with respect to primary raw material demand.” Journal of Industrial Ecology 21.3 (2017): 494-496. Reuter, Markus A., Antoinette van Schaik, and Miquel Ballester. “Limits of the Circular Economy: Fairphone Modular Design Pushing the Limits.” 2018 Reuter, M. A., and A. Van Schaik. “Product-Centric Simulation-based design for recycling: case of LED lamp recycling.” Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy 1.1 (2015): 4-28. Reuter, Markus A., Antoinette van Schaik, and Johannes Gediga. “Simulation-based design for resource efficiency of metal production and recycling systems: Cases-copper production and recycling, e-waste (LED lamps) and nickel pig iron.” The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 20.5 (2015): 671-693. Posted in Uncategorized, WasteTagged circular economy, degrowth, discards, ecological economics, economics, environment, wasteLeave a Comment on How circular is the circular economy? Science Fiction Belgrade © Aleksa Gajić, Technotise: Edit & I, 2009 by Srđan Tunić This essay is the second in a “mini-series” of two essays on the critical potential of science fiction. The first essay considered how science fiction can function as social critique and discussed different literary techniques and devices. This second one will expand the story in reference to concrete examples—works by Enki Bilal and Aleksa Gajić, grounding the analysis in the Balkan context. (And if you continue reading to the end, there may be a surprise waiting for you there … ) In an article (“Vreme kao ključna odrednica SF žanra”) written in the midst of the Yugoslav Civil War (1991-1995), the Serbian science fiction (SF) writer Milovan Milovanović stated that most local SF stories seemed disconnected from the everyday situation of most people in the Balkan region at that time. According to him, in order for elements of novelty in SF stories to be accepted by readers, you need a realistic historical background and not just escapism. Even though SF imagines the future and diverges from the present, it always springs from specific places and histories (see also this chart of how historical trends in SF have changed over time): For example, when the threat of nuclear war hung over the world during the 50s of this [20th] century, what else could the favorite topic for SF writers have been? Later on, at the beginning of the 70s, it was raising ecological awareness, due to the widespread knowledge that the world was mostly disappearing into a vortex of a biological catastrophe. This is not just related to the frequency of specific topics at specific times; it refers to a way of thinking that was totally different at the beginning of the [20th] century, the 40s, 60s, or today. The world today is not the same as it was five or ten years ago and that is strongly mirrored in SF literature. Belgrade, as the capital of all versions of the union of South Slavs in the twentieth century, holds a prominent place in representations of state power and as a battleground for diverse imaginings of the future. This is where Belgrade (and the Balkans in general) enters the story. Belgrade, as the capital of all versions of the union of South Slavs in the twentieth century, holds a prominent place in representations of state power and as a battleground for diverse imaginings of the future. This text will discuss its images and interpretations through two contemporary comic book authors working in the SF genre—Enki Bilal and Aleksa Gajić. Whilst the former has been based in France for a long time, with Yugoslav heritage, the latter lives in Serbia. Both feature Belgrade in their comics and films, and both work predominantly for the French market. The artworks in question are Bilal’s Bunker Palace Hôtel (1989) and Le Sommeil du monstre (The Dormant Beast in English, aka the Hatzfeld tetralogy, 1998-2007), and Gajić’s Technotise (comic, 2001) and Technotise: Edit & I (film, 2009). Back in 2023 Belgrade … © Enki Bilal, The Hatzfeld Tetralogy, 1998-2007. The prominence of Belgrade as a setting in the authors’ works has been recognized by Gajić himself. In an interview with Deborah Husić from 2011 (in English), the use of Serbian language in the film Technotise: Edit & I was mentioned as one of the novelties (or what Darko Suvin would call novum), because, as the artist noted, “usually everything happens in Tokyo, Paris, Berlin or New York.” Aleksa Gajić responded that he did not want to make compromises for the market: Usually, authors have this strong need to flatter the audience in order to be accepted. Meaning, they will answer to all ‘expected’ patterns from the public. As a matter of fact, most of the films we are watching today are made having these patterns in mind. I really wanted to run away from these things with Technotise. I wanted Belgrade to be like that, let them talk in Serbian, and let them express local jokes and natural urban expressions in an SF story (emphasis added). Why are there no UFOs in Lajkovac? SF was mostly associated with western geography and popular culture. Zoran Živković, one of the pioneers of modern SF in Yugoslavia during the second half of the 20th century, famously stated that “leteći tanjiri ne sleću u Lajkovac”, meaning that UFOs do not come to a typical Serbian village. This came to be know among the sci-fi community as “Zoran’s law”. This metaphor indicates both that SF set in a local context was rare (or non existent) and that SF was mostly associated with western geography and popular culture (for a further discussion, check out Milovanović’s guide to SF, in Serbian). This, unfortunately, does not take into account contributions from the former USSR/Russia, or other non-western countries. In this geographical (or geopolitical) discussion the worlds of manga and anime, which originated in Japan but have spread to other parts of Asia, also play an important role today. The Museum of Contemporary Art in Belgrade in 2074. © Aleksa Gajić, Technotise, 2001. The world depicted and the context (reality) from which it departs (or reacts to) are tied together. The lack of grounding in local history and settings—or the lack of UFOs in Lajkovac—pinpoints the escapist nature of many SF works of former Yugoslavia and Serbia. However, this “law” started to change in the late 1980s and early 1990s, simultaneous to the breakup of the SFR Yugoslavia (which is discussed in “Leteći tanjiri ipak sleću u Lajkovac” by Ivan Đorđević, and “American Science Fiction Literature and Serbian Science Fiction Film: When Worlds Don’t Even Collide” by Aleksandar B. Nedeljković). The example of UFOs in Lajkovac highlights two aspects of SF I consider relevant to this analysis. First, that SF narratives have their own internal structures and logic; and second, that there is a dynamic and productive connection to be made between a narrative and its author—and potentially between a narrative and its local historical and geographical origin as well. That is to say that the world depicted and the context (reality) from which it departs (or reacts to) are tied together. This is closely related to the discussion in the previous essay, “Science fiction between utopia and critique,” of how authors can employ different perspectives and literary traditions—utopian, dystopian, alternative histories—to both imagine a different society and show a (critical) reflection of our own. With these concepts in mind, we will now look at the oeuvres of the two artists. The dystopias of Enki Bilal Enki Bilal’s work in general features darker SF topics and overtones, which could be identified as dystopian, often tackling issues such as totalitarian regimes (theocracy and fascism), colonialism, corruption, identity crisis, schizophrenia, and despair, but often with an ironic tone. A great source (in Serbian) on Bilal’s work is a special issue of the magazine Gradac, edited by Miroslav Marić; in the following, references to critical discussions and quotes from interviews with Bilal, unless specified differently, are derived from this special issue of Gradac. Bunker Palace Hôtel (1989) is the first feature film Bilal directed, co-written with his long time collaborator Pierre Christin. It is set in Belgrade in an alternative reality, or the no-time of uchronia, with a combination of French and Yugoslav actors, but targeting the French market. Some commentators characterize this film as a critique of the socialist regime in Yugoslavia (which Bilal has denied), as well as an announcement of the overall breakup of the Eastern bloc in Europe. Initially, Bilal wanted the film to take place in the USSR, with Belgrade as his second option. In an interview from 1988, he clarifies his choice: If you insist, the film talks about a [political] system that mostly resembles fascism. I wanted the film, where one cannot see which country or time is in question, to be filmed in a somewhat oriental, extraordinary setting for the French [audience]. To have a bit of exoticism. And I am very happy to film here, because the Yugoslav actors contribute to that exotic impression. Following the (omnipresent) leader. © Enki Bilal, Bunker Palace Hôtel, 1989 Savamala part of Belgrade. © Enki Bilal, Bunker Palace Hôtel, 1989 Railway system, Savamala. © Enki Bilal, Bunker Palace Hôtel, 1989 He also incorporates a fictional Slavic language, used by the rebel characters, in this “exotic” feeling. People’s names vary between western and Slavic (Holm, Clara, Nikolai, Zarka, etc) however, there is no explicit naming within the narrative of the film of the rebels, the state, the city, languages, ideologies, nationalities or time. The film follows the SF trend of alternative histories (uchronia), with dystopian elements and an exploration of the question: What if the Nazis had won the Second World War (WWII)? (a question echoing in SF since Philip K. Dick’s The Man in the High Castle). If we accept this line of thinking, using the image of (the then) socialist Yugoslavia as a mirror/reference society becomes more complex and troubled. Everything is retro, or “retro-futuristic”, which is a familiar setting within certain SF subgenres. We need to understand the alternative history setting of the Bunker Palace Hôtel itself. Any reference to the then contemporary society is mostly avoided—cars, technology, architecture, clothing. Everything is retro, or “retro-futuristic”, which is a familiar setting within certain SF subgenres. In the film we can see well-known buildings from the pre-WWII decades, such as eclectic, art nouveau and modernist architecture: mainly the French Embassy, Svetozara Radića street, Savamala’s train system, and the BIGZ and Geozavod buildings. Additionally, one can see anachronistic technological inventions, post-dating the actual society, one of which is humanoid androids. Researcher Jelena Smiljanić calls this vision an “(…) onirist post-socialistic Belgrade, intermingled with Bodriarian (sic) simulacrums (…) creating a simulated hyper-reality” (Onirism was a surrealist literary movement in Romania during the 1960s, while in psychiatry it refers to a mental state in which visual hallucinations occur while fully awake). All of this taken together creates the retro-futuristic and surrealist setting of Bunker Palace Hôtel. Different visions are present in Le Sommeil du monstre, or The Dormant Beast in English, also known as the Hatzfeld Tetralogy, which is one of Bilal’s latest comic series produced between 1998 and 2007. Set in 2026, it portrays what seems to now be a near future with advanced technologies in a dystopian, global setting. The narrative is revealed through two intertwined processes. Three main protagonists—Nike Hatzfeld, Leyla Mirković-Zohary and Amir Fazlagić, all orphans from the Yugoslav civil war—are trying to reunite with each other. The second narrative is Nike’s recollection of his childhood, taking us from the day of his birth in 1993 to the midst of the siege of Sarajevo. Bilal’s position shifts from one of the insider to a broader cosmopolitan global perspective; but it is his portrayal of the Balkans that I will primarily address here. Belgrade: Hotel Moscow. © Enki Bilal, The Hatzfeld Tetralogy, 1998-2007 Belgrade: Terazije. © Enki Bilal, The Hatzfeld Tetralogy, 1998-2007 Sarajevo. © Enki Bilal, The Hatzfeld Tetralogy, 1998-2007 Belgrade and Sarajevo are two of the dystopian locations featured in Le Sommeil du monstre, presented (as in Bunker Palace Hôtel) in a retro-futurist mix where the old and the new are messily joined together. All cities in the series have a strong feeling of decay; as comic book author Zoran Penevski said related to Bilal, “it is the world of a narrative apocalypse.” In an interview for Serbian magazine Vreme, Bilal stated that Belgrade had changed little since when he moved to Paris in 1960. When he was asked in another interview why he avoided presenting contemporary times (war scenes in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina or the NATO bombing of Belgrade), he answered: It is strange but when I’m portraying a brutal scene, I feel very uncomfortable placing it in the present. While if I position myself 20-30 years [into the future], then I can enjoy the creative process (…) I am visiting the future in order to come back to the past and the present. (emphasis added). The narrative of a painful past and a not so optimistic future unwinds in the series, while the breakup of SFR Yugoslavia is still fresh. The narrative of a painful past and a not so optimistic future unwinds in the series, while the breakup of SFR Yugoslavia is still fresh. Just after the Hatzfeld Tetralogy came out in 1998, Bilal said that his interest in Yugoslavia was triggered by the violent events of the war, the violence that triggered a “monster of remembrance”. The concept of reflective nostalgia coined by Svetlana Boym could be applied here, a nostalgia that does not tend to reconstruct the past but to instead be skeptical or critical of it, since the return to a imagined better past is impossible. In this case, it was the author’s creative way of purging the disturbances caused by the war. A dystopian mode is prevalent in the Hatzfeld Tetralogy, where the future brings a continuation of conflicts, but there are also some utopian sparks. Among those, Bilal also plants a powerful image of human segregation according to religious affiliation (and nationalism). According to an essay by Aurélie Huz and Irène Langlet, the avoidance of national or religious categorization of the main heroes (storytellers) in this comic pinpoints not only a state of uncertainty about identities after the dissolution of the joint state, but also Bilal’s own critique of segregation. If one accepts the argument that those very divisions contributed to the violent dissolution of multicultural life and shared space in SFR Yugoslavia, embedding similar divisions into a future society, for example in Paris (“Catholics only”, “Salafists only” in the comic), Bilal voices concern and a warning that history may repeat itself. This is why the question “Are you Serb, Croat or Muslim?”, posed several times, remains unanswered in the story. © Enki Bilal, The Hatzfeld Tetralogy, 1998-2007 The utopias of Aleksa Gajić In contrast to Bilal, Gajić’s work has more humorous and light tones, a trademark of both his comics and animation work. He mostly works in the epic, fantasy, cyberpunk and SF genres, or something he calls “optimistična futuristika” (optimistic futuristic). These aspects of his work are discussed by Pavle Zelić and Anica Tucakov. Gajić’s bachelor degree project was a comic titled Technotise, with Darko Grkinić as a writer, and this later served as a starting point for Technotise: Edit & I (in Serbian: Tehnotajz: Edit i ja), which became known as the first Serbian feature-length animated film. In both works a utopian vision prevails, providing a predominant insider viewpoint of the portrayed societies. State of Pobednik (the Victor) at Kalemegdan fortress, Belgrade. © Aleksa Gajić, Technotise, 2001. The Kula Sibinjanin Janka (The tower of Janos Hunyadi) or the Millennium tower, Zemun municipality. © Aleksa Gajić, Technotise, 2001. © Aleksa Gajić, Technotise, 2001. The adolescents portrayed lead a hedonistic, middle-class life, centered around sex, drugs, hoverboard competitions and going out. The Technotise comic (created in 1998, published in 2001) pays attention to two different time periods, both of which deviate from the present. At the very beginning there is a short episode from 1739, but most of the comic is set in 2074. It traces the adventures of a group of adolescents, led by Edit, in Belgrade. It is mostly set on the Great War Island (Veliko ratno ostrvo), a natural reserve between rivers Sava and Danube which are surrounding the city from two sides, and in Zemun, an old municipality where Gajić lives. The adolescents portrayed lead a hedonistic, middle-class life, centered around sex, drugs, hoverboard competitions and going out. Their names are a combination of foreign (Edit, Broni, Herb, Woo) and local (Sanja, Bojan), their looks and habits are seemingly typical of (western) teenagers but they are also contextualized through Serbian language, backgrounds and references. The film Technotise: Edit & I (2009) kept the main characters and semi-utopian quality with a more developed retro-futuristic, cyberpunk image of Belgrade. Real locations were shot and then futuristic details were added. In an interview (in Serbian) for B92 portal Gajić explains: Belgrade 2074 is a city where the future came without an urban plan. Yes, the buses are floating above the streets, but also run late, so there are traffic jams. Facades are futuristic but also run down. The locations are altered, but still recognizable, so you cannot mix our capital with some other city. I made an effort to give this SF film a dose of plausibility, because I think that’s the way for the viewers to believe the story (…) That’s why the main hero is a regular girl with common problems that anybody can identify with and understand. At the same time, I haven’t given up my desires—I made a film I would like to see myself. Recalling the different “gaze” positions I developed in the previous essay in this mini-series, the worldbuilding technique used in the film can be seen as an example of the present projecting itself directly into the future. A not-so-perfect setting reveals the social awareness of the film, pushed to another plane. Whilst it triggers humor, it can also remind viewers of the unresolved issues present in the Serbian and Belgrade society of 2009: Roma people collecting garbage in the city (here competing with robots), robots begging for new graphic cards, “eternal students” using tricks to pass exams (“bubice”), adolescents living with parents, telenovelas, old buses and police cars (Zastava 101 models), a rural grandfather yelling that children need to go back to the countryside and so on. Gajić draws attention to these references to the present in interviews by Sonja Ćirić and Ivana Matijević. Through its projection of present issues into the future, the film turns these present issues into a heritage that weighs down on the future and shows that the future does not automatically free itself from the problems of the present. However, optimistic tones are still prevalent, echoing a tendency in feature films of the New Belgrade School in post-2000 Serbian society, where authors are grasping the “(…) opportunity of this new start, constructing a virtual city made up of cultural and genre idioms”, as Nevena Daković shows in “Imagining Belgrade: The Cultural/Cinematic Identity of a City on European Fringes”. Kalemegdan fortress and riverside, the confluence of Sava and Danube rivers. © Aleksa Gajić, Technotise: Edit & I, 2009 The Post of Serbia at Savamala (pre WWII design of Momir Korunović). © Aleksa Gajić, Technotise: Edit & I, 2009 Belgrade’s transformations triggered by the social upheavals of the 1990s and a feeling of a new start in the 2000s are most visible through film. Daković states that this cinematic cityscape is closely linked to space, time and matters of (transcultural) identity: The cinematic cityscape is thus a complex identity performance. In the case of Belgrade, it presents a rich succession of identity conflicts and shifts, encompassing identities spanning from exotic Orientalism to virtual cosmopolitanism, with a nodal contrast articulated as Orient-rural-Balkan vs. Occident-urban-Europe. Belgrade’s city identity constantly vacillates between these poles, spilling over borders, moving between and among the times and spaces of the various identity constituents (emphasis added). The cityscape changed from a socialist idyll, through the ghetto of the 1990s, to a “pure locus of the possible”—a cosmopolitan identity after the democratic elections in the 2000s. In the context of post WWII Yugoslavia, and then Serbia, the cityscape changed from a socialist idyll, through the ghetto of the 1990s, to a “pure locus of the possible”—a cosmopolitan identity after the democratic elections in the 2000s. SF imaginings of Belgrade can therefore provide an understanding of contemporary positions and identities when the author’s projection is deeply grounded in the local context of Belgrade and Serbia, but also provide a means for temporary escape from the reader’s (or viewer’s) own body and society. One of the major criticisms of Technotise in Serbia was that the film treated SF in a more humorous way, which was also a creative break with the majority of SF productions. Another critique was that it used youth slang and references to contemporary Serbian society. This situating of the film’s narrative, according to the author, was both a personal choice and a break from acknowledged patterns and habits of the genre, especially SF that is mostly set in highly developed technological societies in the West or Japan. A Serbian film critic, Dimitrije Vojnov, said in an interview that “in a (Serbian) cinematography so loaded with the past, the future rarely manages to reach the screen, and when it does, it is an ironic reflection of the present or past”, thus noting how Gajić diverged from a mainstream. In preparation for his next film, Prophet 1.0 (Prorok 1.0), Gajić said that he wanted to present “the future in a Serbian, not American or Japanese, way.” And in explaining what is “Serbian” about Edit & I, he referred to the collaborators, financing, language, and topics. To this list, I would also add the Serbian locations. Curiously enough, this seemingly patriotic declaration does not include any loaded traditional or nationalist topics or statements within the artworks’ narratives. This mix between an international outlook and national (or local) grounding is connected to the affinity between SF and both “escapist” and critical situated knowledge, as I discussed in “Science fiction between utopia and critique.” © Aleksa Gajić Prorok / The Prophet, 2016 The identity of the (future) city—the identity of its ma(r)kers These two dimensions of SF—the escapist and the critical—are present in the works of both Bilal and Gajić. Around two decades have passed between the UFOs that do not land in Lajkovac and the emergence of locally grounded SF in a Serbian context. In the cases of Bilal and Gajić, it is important to understand why they decided to contextualize their narratives in locations that they are physically and/or emotionally attached to. In both cases the topics were mostly a matter of personal preferences, which led to works that differ from the ones that the two artists do for the (mostly) French market. Bilal had already made a name for himself in the 1970s and 1980s, allowing him to treat contemporary, more politically engaged and personal topics with greater ease. But Gajić’s work for the French market differs from Technotise, which departs from and clashes with the market’s popular tropes, and this made him pause his international work during the film’s production. In facing many challenges while making the film, he said: “If the film doesn’t succeed, the repentant son will go back to France. After all, swords, magic, slaughter and the rest… it’s not so bad at all!” and “If I wanted money, I would have probably made a movie about little animals and wizards” (interviews with Peđa Popović and for Domino magazine, in Serbian). Comic relief—a village grandpa in the middle of futuristic city. © Aleksa Gajić, Technotise: Edit & I, 2009 Bilal and Gajić, in the narratives and messages of their artworks, have found ways to resist the official nationalist rhetoric that is so prominent in Serbian politics. I would argue that both Bilal and Gajić, in the narratives and messages of their artworks, have found ways to resist the official nationalist rhetoric that is so prominent in Serbian politics. They are not, however, hiding their national identities in their work about Belgrade and the Balkans, into which they bring a strong sense of engagement and lack of concern for market pressure. The question then becomes: whose eyes are we looking through? What differentiates people from one another? The contextualization of stories takes place through specific characters, names, settings, cities, histories, and references, but at the same time avoids demonstrative national images, such as flags and other national symbols, religious affiliation of heroes and so on. In Bilal’s case, as already mentioned, characters refuse to identify with the causes of war, in protest, whilst Gajić finds politics overwhelming in Serbian society and prefers to find ways to create artworks that entertain and make people laugh. He views this as a more noble and honorable cause than being serious and scared. Could this escapism embed in itself any Balkanism, as defined by Maria Todorova? In academia, the concept is defined as a discourse where the Balkans were (and sometimes still are) presented and constructed as the“other” of Europe, a negative stereotype, inverted mirror. In her book Imagining the Balkans, she states that creators of Balkan images from the Balkans itself are very self-conscious of the imposed discourse: Unlike Western observers who, in constructing and replicating the Balkanist discourse, were (and are) little aware and even less interested in the thoughts and sensibilities of their objects, the Balkan architects of different self-images have been involved from the very outset in a complex and creative dynamic relationship with this discourse (…). Hotel Moscow, Belgrade. © Enki Bilal, The Hatzfeld Tetralogy, 1998-2007 Another researcher, Maria Palacios Cruz states that “the Balkans seen from the Balkans” in film seem more concerned with being accepted than subverting the West’s images of the Balkans itself, thus reproducing criteria, stereotypes and divisions. Gajić’s escapism in the futuristic Technotise does not eliminate reality bites of SF Belgrade, nor does it avoid a sense of cosmopolitanism; after all, it provides a sort of hope. Bilal made a somewhat exotic Belgrade setting in Bunker Palace Hôtel, whilst in the comic series it is clear that the main characters are resisting nationalist narratives and paving an unstable road of their own, avoiding stereotypical media discourses. In Bilal’s own words: I am not rejecting my own roots. When I say that it is dangerous to look inside oneself too much, in your own past, memories, remembrances, nation, religion, your territory, it is. That gaze is dangerous but I find it necessary. It is crucial to carry it with oneself and move with one’s own roots. Conclusions: SF as cosmopolitanism? Daković characterizes new film directors in post-2000 Serbia as employing escapism, cosmopolitanism and postmodernism. The cinematic cityscape of Belgrade is based on a “‘glocal’ identity [which] is made up of local elements with global appeal, local themes in a global expression and local events of inevitable global consequences”, quoting the definition by Paul Virilio. Or, as a beer ad in Serbia says: “global, but ours”. Inside the Bunker Palace Hôtel. © Enki Bilal, Bunker Palace Hotel, 1989 Binarisms (local – global, national – international, patriot – cosmopolitan) come with a whole set of contextualized inclusions and exclusions. One’s attachment to a local stance might be seen as conforming to nationalism, even xenophobia, or as a resistance to the processes of globalization – or simply as staying faithful to the politics of location, as outlined by Donna Haraway in her theory of situated knowledge. Thus, one’s identification with a city might even be a means of resisting national identity (for more on this topic, see this study by Ivana Spasić in English). On the other side of an imagined pole stands cosmopolitanism, which is grounded in openness and universalism, criticized for being an elite stance associated with pro-Western and pro-European political ideologies in the Balkans. In the Serbian context, after a global phase during socialist (or Tito’s) Yugoslavia, SF entered a (re-)traditionalist period grounded in nationalist political projects and imaginarium from the mid-1980s. This more traditional aspect of the genre contains many elements previously mentioned as characteristic of fantasy. Anthropologist Ivan Đorđević in his “Antropologija naučne fantastike: tradicija žanrovskoj književnosti” (Anthropology of Science Fiction: a Tradition in Genre Literature) says this production is in essence local, where certain traditional elements, taken selectively and strategically, create an image of how a culture sees itself at certain times (This perspective could be compared to Andrew Liptak’s article about nationalism in militaristic SF). Đorđević notes that a crucial distinction is made between Us and Them (Europe, the West, or the world in general), revealing the central gaze of traditional narratives as being nationally tailored. In this way, SF visions carry fears of losing one’s “roots”, or allowing cultural assimilation; that is, if the future is generally understood as cosmopolitan, with universal (most likely western) tendencies for humankind. This view of the imaginative role of SF echoes antiglobalization discourses. Remembering 05th October 2001, The Parliament building. © Aleksa Gajić, Technotise: Edit & I, 2009 The imagining of science-fiction Belgrade operates between tensions and opposites. Overall, the imagining of science-fiction Belgrade operates between tensions and opposites. Just as in general SF, it provides universal knowledge claims about the future (and our global present), while at the same time situating the narratives in local history, social issues and geography. On a geopolitical level, it it susceptible both to Balkanism—accepting the Balkans as the “other” of Europe—and to Europeanism or Westernism—the construction of universalist global imaginaries. However, it is also a space for personal narratives and alternative visions, offering locally grounded stories, enriching the SF field. As such, it offers utopian and dystopian settings, escapism and social critique. As Nevena Daković writes, “The transcultural identity and imaging of Belgrade is the result of a fusion of Balkanism and Europeanism, of local and global aspects in a city that is multi-layered and multi-faceted”. Which identity of the city will be used, in which setting and time (dystopian or utopian), heavily depends on the need to escape or construct alternatives in the present moment. Technotise and Technotise: Edit & I courtesy of Aleksa Gajić. Bunker Palace Hôtel from Pinterest.com and WorldCinema.org. The Hatzfeld Tetralogy from TapaTalk.com, JogLikesComics.blogspot.com, Passion-Estampes.com, and Pinterest.com. For more info on SF in Serbia (and Yugoslavia) available online: Project Rastko’s database on contemporary Serbian and South Slav fantasy literature (in Serbian). Ivan Đorđević’s “Anthropology of Science Fiction: a Tradition in Genre Literature” (in Serbian). Miodrag Milovanović’s “Brzi vodič – Science fiction” and “Srpska naučna fantastika” (in Serbian). Texts on SF by Zoran Živković (in Serbian and English). Belgrade Cooperative building—the center and mirror of city visions Hey! (waving) Are you here for… HELLO! Are you guys here for the time travel tour?! Glad I found you so quickly, this place is crowded, follow me. Is it just you or are we expecting others to join us as well? Okay, good, we’ll have some extra space for us then, c’mon. Dobar dan – welcome to Experience Belgrade Through Time, the most popular time travel tour you can find in Serbia. As a promotional tour, we offer taking you to a selected point in the city and watch it how it changed during time. Once you book one of our full tours, you will be able to choose among other exciting programs going all the way back to the Roman times. Now please give me the vouchers, take a seat and put on the security bells. You learned a bit of Serbian already? Ah, rakija, of course. This tour will last for two hours and this time I’ll take you to a wonderful building you could find at Savamala district. Been there? Oh, it’s a must! Let’s go! Stop 1: 1907 Source: Goethe-Institut Belgrade, Urban Incubator. This is one of the city’s pearls, look at the beauty of it—decoration, monumentality, how it voluptuously imposes itself to the area, charming everyone. Let us have a glimpse inside… This building we usually call Geozavod, was actually made for the Belgrade Cooperative bank, by our famous architects Andra Stevanović and Nikola Nestorović, whose other works you could see in the area. It is one of the prime works of architecture in this period, mixing academic and Art Nouveau styles, Renaissance and Baroque decoration, and the first one using reinforced concrete in Serbia. Just move aside, izvinite… Saw these workers? The area was surrounded with new buildings, ponds and beaches, as one of the entry points where both merchandise and people arrived in Belgrade. Alas, after World War II, the cooperative bank was no more, the building had different and changing tenants, and underwent architectural changes. Luckily, it was never bombed! Speaking of bombs, let us go the our next stop Source: Bac Films. Čoveče, do you recognize this one? How could it be? The building really underwent a bit of a deterioration, like the whole Savamala district, becoming a place filled with old glory, noise, shady characters and almost forgotten. Or simply unpopular to hang out to. But this one is actually from a surreal movie by a French artist born in Belgrade, do you know who he is? I’ll give you a tip, he made comics… Nikopol? Immortel? (beep beep) What’s this? Nevermind, the movie Bunker Palace Hotel took place in an alternative reality, at the very end of socialism of Yugoslavia, Belgrade being its capital. In the movie, it’s a hotel, but actually a bunker for members of a ruling regime, hiding from a mysterious threat… I won’t tell you more, please do see the movie, and if you like film history, check out Kinoteka’s tours as well! Source: Mapio.net Look at the old lady, all run down, but still standing proudly. Nostalgic gem, memory of times passed, but not too long so nobody would remember its past glory. Ah, the building was used for rave and techno parties from the 1990s, imagine that – marble and electronic music, glass paintings and stroboscope. Somewhere from late 2000s, artists started coming to the area, making it present and interesting for Belgraders again. Do you hear the music? That’s one of the festivals, happening just behind the corner, do you see all the young people? Is the area coming back to life? I remember those times when I was young, thankfully nowadays we could live longer to testify about it. We were a bit afraid back then, afraid of the specter of gentrification, an army of yellow machines tearing down the area we we trying so much to nurture… Let us not interfere here, we need to follow the laws of time travel—stay unspotted, do not change anything. Source: Dzodan After years of being neglected, finally rise and shine! In 2014 the building underwent a major redevelopment as part of Belgrade Waterfront project, which has its seat there. What do you think, do you like the neglected charm or new life? During these years the area started changing drastically—many buildings were torn down and streets disappeared, while others, like Belgrade Cooperative gain a new chance, as part of the investment plan. These skyscrapers behind it are blocking the view towards the river, and many inhabitants found it very controversial—who would live here, when gentrification made it so expensive for all the local people? We… who? Security guard? Oh, do not pay much attention to that guy at the corner, there’s always a busybody at the corner… but we may still go further up the street a bit. Source: Ne davimo Beograd (beep beep) Why is this beeping again? Sranje, look at that mass of people, full trust upward… Huh, I’m sorry, I haven’t paid attention to what lies ahead. It seems I took us right in the middle of the protest against Belgrade Waterfront! These people are supporters of Don’t Drown Belgrade initiative. Yes, we’re safe on this altitude. And this was not a violent protest. You can find some data about it in the hand-outs. And that big yellow duck over there – that’s their symbol! “Duck” in Serbian could mean a joke, a scam. Let us move away from here, I can hear the helicopters approaching, and I need some space to maneuver to the next station. Source: Black, White & Green studio Huh, peaceful again. Watch out for the tram. You see, we’re in animated setting! Another artist, comic book author Aleksa Gajić, made a vision of Belgrade which is both old and new, with old-fashion, socialist trams, early 20th century architecture and futurist inventions. The trains are levitating, Belgrade Cooperative has a virtual reality dome, and the Belgrade looks… what do you think, familiar, nostalgic? Nicer than it really is? This was made in 2009, it is interesting to see how people back then imagined our times. (beep beep beep beep) Ok, this is it, the promo tour is ending, I wish to have spend more time with you, for that please do check our full tours, we’ll be able to travel for a whole day, there’s so much to tell about this city… If you have a half of minute of your time, check out the evaluation form and rate me as your guide… thank you, you too, vidimo se neki drugi put! I would like to thank professor Nevena Daković at the University of Arts in Belgrade for her help in writing the original paper, Charlotte E. Whelan for proofreading and Rut Elliot Blomqvist for excellent editing. Srđan Tunić is an art historian, freelance curator and cultural manager based in Belgrade, Serbia. A fan of science fiction, this is his first text about it. Contact: srdjan.tunic[at]gmail.com This piece is part of Not afraid of the ruins, our series of science fiction and utopian imaginings. To receive our next article by mailing list, subscribe here. Posted in Not afraid of the ruins, Not afraid of the ruins, UncategorizedTagged Belgrade, comics, dystopia, film criticism, literary criticism, sci-fi, science fiction, Serbia, speculative fiction, the Balkans, utopiaLeave a Comment on Science Fiction Belgrade In Annihilation, the revolution will not be human Source: Paramount Pictures by Laura Perry Originally published in Edge Effects on February 22, 2018 “It’s like they’re stuck in continuous mutation… making something new,” Natalie Portman’s character realizes in the new ecological thriller, Annihilation. If the film adaptation is anything like Jeff VanderMeer’s sci-fi novel of the same name, audiences will leave the theater wondering if the next squirrel or snail they spot is not what it seems but instead “something new,” something alien. Drawn from his walks in the St. Marks National Wildlife Refuge in southern Florida, VanderMeer’s Annihilation embeds an alien invasion in a kind of ecological Twilight Zone, where aliens appear not as friendly suburban neighbors but in the guise of outlandish plants and animals making their home in a “pristine” stretch of wilderness. A biologist, anthropologist, surveyor, and psychologist are dispatched as an expedition team—the twelfth, they’re told—to study what government agencies refer to as Area X. At first glance, Area X seems like a few miles of uninhabited, unassuming coastline. The expedition’s members soon realize that though humans have left the area, that does not mean it is uninhabited. There are warblers, flickers, herons, cormorants, black ibises, banana spiders, damselflies, velvet ants, emerald beetles, tree frogs, fiddler crabs, wild boars, bears, coyotes, deer, raccoons, and fungi among the scrub grass, moss, pine and cypress trees, and salt marshes. (And that’s all in the first chapter.) But there’s also something else. A boar with a strangely human face. Words on the side of a wall inexplicably made of fruiting bodies. A gastropod surrounded by a nimbus of whirling light. Representing unfamiliar plants and animals as alien invaders is not the sole province of science fiction. Conservation biologists have long debated whether to resist or embrace the aliens who live among us. In an influential 1958 book, The Ecology of Invasions by Animals and Plants, Charles Elton described the movement of animals, plants, and other living things around the globe as a series of “ecological explosions” spurred by “invaders” like the European Starling. As environmental historian Libby Robin puts it: “Elton’s imaginative leap was to reconceptualise biota as invaders, to give them agency, and to construct them as a worthy enemy to be managed.” Deploying militaristic language and likening himself to a “war correspondent,” Elton outlined only three possible approaches to an invasive, alien species: “You can tackle them before they get in or while they are trying, so to speak, to pass through the guard—this is quarantine. You can destroy their first small bridgeheads—that is eradication. … Usually, if an invasion has got really going it can only be dealt with by keeping the numbers within bounds, that is by control.” More recently, ecologists have come to terms with the idea that aliens may already live among us and may be here to stay. As nineteen ecologists argue in a co-authored 2011 Nature article, “Don’t judge species on their origins,” “increasingly, the practical value of the native-versus-alien species dichotomy in conservation is declining, and even becoming counterproductive.” They go on to suggest that “we must embrace the fact of ‘novel ecosystems’ and incorporate many alien species into management plans, rather than try to achieve the often impossible goal of eradicating them.” Though this idea of embracing novel ecosystems may seem “largely innocuous,” Paul Robbins and Sarah Moore point out that the intensity of the debates about what to do with alien species reveals the ongoing “anxiety, discomfort, conflict, and ambivalence experienced by research scientists in fields confronting ecological novelty in a quickly-changing world.” “We were scientists, trained to observe natural phenomena and the results of human activity. We had not been trained to encounter what appeared to be the uncanny.” Annihilation both diagnoses this problem and models a solution in a one-two punch that shows just how useful the genre of science fiction can be. When first confronted with undeniably alien phenomena, the members of the expedition team turn to their disciplines and their training for answers: taking notes, “adding detail and nuance to the maps our superiors had given us,” examining the remains of nearby cabins, and “observing a tiny red-and-green tree frog.” Yet the biologist soon comes to believe that these collective attempts to “catalogue the biological reality” are forms of “misdirection, for what was a map but a way of emphasizing some things and making others invisible?” Though the biologist values her research, she also concludes that “sometimes you get a sense of when the truth of things will not be revealed by microscopes.” Her approaches to the environments around her are at once intuitive and immersive as well as data-driven, which helps her better understand and adapt to the alien presences she begins to notice in the pristine wilderness of Area X. As the biologist explains, “we were scientists, trained to observe natural phenomena and the results of human activity. We had not been trained to encounter what appeared to be the uncanny.” Between government-imposed secrecy and Area X’s unfamiliar flora and fauna, the expedition team is left to wonder if their tools and training can provide any answers at all. The borders between us and the unknown only seem clear in a certain light. Boundaries only exist at the right scale. Zoom out, and humans share an ecosystem, a continent, a hemisphere, and a globe with all manner of extreme forms of life. Academics are wondering this, too. A recent special issue of the journal Environmental Humanities, “Familiarizing the Extraterrestrial / Making Our Planet Alien,” explores how the “extraterrestrial” now haunts unexpected disciplines like anthropology, philosophy, history, geography, and psychology, as well as fields like science and technology studies. The borders between us and the unknown only seem clear in a certain light. Boundaries only exist at the right scale. Zoom out, and humans share an ecosystem, a continent, a hemisphere, and a globe with all manner of extreme forms of life. Zoom in to the microscopic scale, and as Juan Francisco Salazar points out in his study of microbial geographies, we realize that our guts share a biome with the oceans and we are all hosts to an abundance of aliens, invisible to the eye. This is where science fiction offers a roadmap to understanding and living with aliens and other unsettling forms of life. As the issue’s editors point out, any “theory of the universe includes poetic leaps; any scientific representation is based on some kind of artistic choice. But these leaps and choices typically remain unnoticed. They stay under the radar because we lack the appropriate tools to spot them.” The boundary-pushing poetic leaps that make Annihilation such a thrilling read also make it a useful tool for those of us who are looking for new ways of living with neighboring nonhumans. If scientists need training in the uncanny, what better way than a crash course in science fiction? As Ursula Heise, Fredric Jameson, and other literary scholars suggest, by imagining alternate worlds and futures science fiction can “make readers see the present anew.” Science fiction can offer us a language to describe the uncanny that we discover and a model for living in an environment that offers more truths than can be measured by microscopes. What if we were the invaders, even in our own home? What if invasion, contamination, and their companions, pristine and untouched, were inadequate words to explain what is happening to the world around us? What if trying to explain, measure, or define what phenomena move in and shape our world is a fundamentally fruitless exercise with our existing tools and epistemologies? What if language could be a plant, a missing husband an owl, a stretch of coastline a universe? Laura Perry is a Ph.D. candidate in Literary Studies at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, a graduate associate at the Center for Culture, History, and Environment, and a member of the Edge Effects editorial board. Her research focuses on species and suburban development in twentieth-century American literature. She is currently a Mellon-Morgridge Graduate Fellow as well as a Public Humanities Exchange (HEX) Fellow. She also hosts Amplify, a weekly radio show on WSUM 91.7 FM Madison. Twitter. Contact. Posted in Essay, Film review, UncategorizedTagged anthropocene, climate fiction, ecology, film, Film revei, political ecology, sci-fi, science fiction, speculative fictionLeave a Comment on In Annihilation, the revolution will not be human La Barceloneta’s Struggle Against (Environmental) Gentrification Photo: Ovidiu Curcan by Melissa García Lamarca Ever since the 1992 Olympic Games put Barcelona on the map, the exponential growth of tourism has moved hand in glove with the explosion of gentrification across the city. Overnight tourist stays in city hotels more than quintupled from 3.7 million in 1990 to over 20 million in 2016, and today a prominent anti-tourism movement has led to a crackdown on Airbnb-style rentals and multiple plans to reclaim the city for locals who are increasingly being pushed out of their neighborhoods. A look at some of the key urban interventions in one of Barcelona’s most affected areas—the iconic beachfront neighborhood of La Barceloneta—serves to illustrate a city-wide urban struggle that evolved in defense of the needs and rights of residents over capital and profit. Understanding these dynamics from an urban political ecology perspective shows us how urban environments and social relations are shaped, re-shaped, and who benefits and suffers in the process. Transforming La Barceloneta’s borders and local environment Perhaps unsurprisingly, La Barceloneta was a vastly different neighborhood a century ago. Established in 1753 as a working-class fishing village, it has undergone dramatic social, physical and economic transformations that have had a significant impact on its residents. Boxed in to the east by two factories, to the west by commercial docks, to the north by railroad tracks and to the south by the sea, the transformation of these barriers drove important changes that gradually reformulated the neighborhood as a tourist attraction. Most notable was the makeover of its seaside, which began in 1966 when several shantytown settlements housing up to 15,000 people were demolished in preparation for a military maneuvre overseen by the dictator Francisco Franco. Somorrostro 1964. Photo: Ignasi Marroyo, ANC La Barceloneta’s “rompeolas” during the 1930s. In the next major transformation during the 1980s in preparation for the Olympic Games, waterfront warehouses, restaurants, and a breakwater were torn down. The breakwater in particular was an important site of leisure and intimacy for locals, given the extremely small size of flats in the neighborhood—an average 30 square meters. The subsequent rebuilding of the beach and creation of new public spaces during this period of transformation were both key in drawing visitors and outsiders to the neighborhood. As a promenade was created along a newly manicured beach, La Barceloneta’s port was also redeveloped. Tourism was prioritized over existing industrial uses. The neighborhood’s historic fishing activity was reduced and the docklands demolished. While the docklands were relocated behind the city’s Montjuïc mountain, fishing and boat repair activity has been relegated to a virtually hidden corner of the port. Two more recent developments symbolize the prioritization of capital and profit over La Barceloneta’s residents: the Hotel Vela and the luxury yacht club OneOcean Port Vell. Hotel Vela, officially known as the W Barcelona, is a 5-star hotel inaugurated in 2009, whose construction was promoted by the Barcelona port authority—a non-transparent public-private institution—on public land, a mere 20 meters away from the shoreline, in violation of the Spanish Costal Law which prohibits construction less than 100 meters from the seafront. Hotel Vela Our walking tour group standing at the entrance to the remainder of La Barceloneta’s fishing port. On the right stands one of OneOcean Port Vell’s buildings on the premise The members-only club OneOcean Port Vell, unveiled in 2012, visually and physically dominates most of the pedestrianized port, fenced around to prohibit public access from the surrounding public space. The port’s boat repair activity, once dedicated to fishing and shipping boats, now caters to this exclusive and luxury niche market. We won’t move: struggles for a neighborhood for its residents These transformations, however, have not taken place without resistance. The dockworkers fought against the closure of the docks; although ultimately unsuccessful, their struggle ensured them decent working conditions and salaries that enabled them to continue living in the neighborhood. A grassroots campaign against the Hotel Vela, complete with a music video, was waged to denounce the new development. It continued, however, unabated. One successful resistance was born a decade ago from several members of the Miles de Viviendas squat in La Barceloneta together with activists from the La Ostia neighborhood association and the Platform in the Defense of the Barceloneta, when the Barcelona city council approved an urban plan in 2007 that involved installing lifts in the neighborhood’s residential buildings. Due to La Barceloneta’s density and the restrictive dimension of most of its buildings, installing lifts entailed demolishing many of them and ultimately displacing 1,500 families—approximately 20% of the neighborhood. Residents believed that this plan would stimulate real estate speculation and encourage a flood of private capital into the area, processes that would expel many of the neighborhood’s working class residents. In response, activists collaborated with the mapping collective Iconoclasistas to create a didactic information pamphlet denouncing the plan. The campaign with the slogan “we won’t move” was ultimately successful and the city withdrew its plan. “Wake up! No to the elevator plan.” Source: Ecologia Politica Challenging La Barceloneta’s tourism-gentrification model Today, urban struggles in La Barceloneta revolve largely around the effects of the unrestrained growth of tourism. Protests exploded in the summer of 2014 when several drunk and naked Italian tourists paraded around the neighborhood without reprisal, sparking a neighborhood mobilization against unregulated tourist flats and disrespectful tourist behavior in open spaces. Indeed, it is not uncommon to see the phrase ‘tourist go home’ spray-painted on walls around La Barceloneta in response to tourist flats and to the trash left behind by tourists on the waterfront and beaches. The collective known as Barceloneta Diu Prou (Barceloneta Says Enough) has been regularly mobilizing over the past three years with other neighborhood and city-wide movements to regulate tourism, participating in groups like the Assembly of Neighborhoods for Sustainable Tourism (ABTS) that seek to abolish tourist flats and stop the new cruise ship terminal proposed for the city, which would significantly increase the number and size of boats and visitors. In an unprecedented shift of Barcelona’s for-profit model of development catered to visitors over residents, the current city administration has taken measures to abate tourism, such as penalizing illegal tourist flats, imposing a moratorium on new hotels, and raising tourists’ awareness of their inappropriate behavior and environmental impact. But given the decades of growth that the city has experienced underneath that model, a change of development patterns and drivers is slow and difficult to implement. The experience of La Barceloneta highlights the importance of understanding the long history of mobilization and solidarity in gentrifying neighborhoods where residents might have seen some improvements in their open and public spaces and benefited enhanced access to them, but continue to face the threat of record high flat rental prices, displacement and loss of local culture, and overcrowded plazas, waterfront and beaches. Gaining insight on the impacts of past urban transformations, especially from local residents themselves, is critical to forging more socially just and equitable models, policies and interventions. This post originally appeared on the Barcelona Lab for Urban Environmental Justice and Sustainability (BCNUEJ) blog. This post draws on insights from a BCNUEJ walking tour led by local residents and activists: Emma Alari, Santiago Gorostiza, Irmak Ertör and Marina Monsonís. Melissa García Lamarca is a post-doctoral researcher at BCNUEJ. As a researcher and housing rights activist in Barcelona, she is particularly interested in the financial dynamics driving the rise of the rental housing market and what this means in the context of job and housing precarity. Her research with BCNUEJ’s project on green gentrification (GREENLULUs) explores questions of green growth and social equity, the financial dynamics behind urban greening and community resistance to greening projects. Posted in Barcelona, UncategorizedTagged Barcelona, barceloneta, environmental gentrification, environmental justice, financialization, gentrification, green gentrification, neoliberalismLeave a Comment on La Barceloneta’s Struggle Against (Environmental) Gentrification The Transition: towards a psycho-social history Photo: Bill Couch on Flickr by Jake Stanning The Neighbour (Excerpt) […] The neighbour then is a lens through which to view this strange and doubly petrified society. As reported by Wei Chen in his magisterial social history of the Channel Earthquake, many victims of the disaster spoke to their neighbours for the first time on that fateful day. The mental ill-health, the impossibility of freedom, the denial of self-management encoded in this chosen isolation is so clear to us now, seems so literally insane, that we must remind ourselves to reach for a position of empathy. This was a world struggling with institutions entirely unsuited to large, complex societies. The damage from these poorly-adapted institutions reached into the human mind itself. Mental ill-health was the norm, and extended well beyond the high rate of diagnosis. The subject of this chapter is truly difficult to grasp for the student of this period, but the facts revealed in the historical record are clear: most people were terrified of their neighbours. This must be qualified, for it is also true that many people might chat with their neighbour over the garden fence (examples of such boundary demarcation artefacts can be found in historical theme parks around the Western European Isles, and are still in use in parts of East Anglia afflicted by wind and conservatism). However, such informal contact rarely went further. Not one in a hundred engaged in any sort of joint project with their neighbour. Precisely what people were terrified of was working with their neighbour, being with their neighbour in any sustained way. What is more, we must reach further into the alien historical consciousness and admit that this fear was not entirely unfounded. Such a bold statement requires justification, for in our era we see it as common sense that control over our environment requires the ability to work with our neighbour. Yet the entire notion and practice of liberation as bound up with a convivial working-together had not yet been born, stymied as it was by the economic structures of society and by the corresponding culture of isolation. The status quo was such that the fear of working with others could be justified by the lack of experience in working with others. Thus we must approach at the same time both the absurdity of the fear in which people lived, and the unavoidable logic underlying the frightened state of the early twenty-first century mind. Firstly we must understand this state of mind as self-reinforcing: the en-cultured isolation created the fear, the fear created the isolation. ‘Common sense’ prior to the Transition stated that one’s neighbours were selfish, grasping and controlling, that their win would be your loss. Without getting to know one’s neighbour, it was difficult to challenge this ‘common sense’. It would take a disaster greater than the Channel Earthquake to escape this simple yet steely trap. It is also important to understand that if one did accidentally get to know one’s neighbour, it was likely that one’s misanthropic view of them would merely be confirmed. Accounts of meetings of the time are full of tales of how the rare attempts at neighbourly working-together would break down in outbursts of anger, irresolvable feuds, how one or two people would dominate the debates, while others would say nothing, how frequently they were abandoned in frustration. The curious thing about the domination by particular individuals—one of the most common complaints—is that it could only happen because people allowed it. The dominance/subservience complex of the time will be the subject of several chapters in its own right, its undoing being of vital importance in the Transition. Here we will simply note that, being created both by forced education and the workplace, this complex was almost ubiquitous, and as a result it was almost impossible for any person to view another as truly an equal. This was the insoluble labyrinth within which the trap of fearing the neighbour lay. This hints at another self-reinforcing problem the culture had created: isolation from the neighbour was actually debilitating to the ability to work together. Understanding this is key if the contemporary mind is to grasp why the only means of gaining control of one’s life—to meet and work together with others—was so consistently rejected prior to the Transition. It is true that the general fear of the neighbour was very much strengthened by specific prejudices: racism, sexism, phobia of the poor and so on. Yet these factors are often exaggerated in popular histories, in part because they strike us as so foolish. In reality, even given an entirely homogeneous neighbourhood, most people still understood neither the value of escaping the isolation-fear trap, nor the paths out of it that appear so clear to ourselves. In one sense, the reason people could not work together is transparently obvious: they had not been trained in how to work together. It would take many decades to understand that meeting together required training, that it should start when young and never stop. Over time schooling came to be understood as it is today: as preparation for working together and making decisions together. The key to the puzzlingly long evasion of this—to us—self-evidently reasonable path lies partly in the fact that it was never overtly rejected: the average mind of the era simply shied away from the very thought of working with the neighbour. Its entire training and sense of self pointed in the opposite direction. ’Freedom’ consisted of doing as one wished, and the contradictions inherent in billions of individuals doing as they wished were glossed over using the trite notion of ‘rights’, and never mind that people would commonly give a hundred different versions of what they considered their rights to be. To understand why it was not clear to the pre-Transition mind that freedom also required other people, we must delve further into the fears that haunted it. Chats over the garden fence notwithstanding, the fear of the neighbour imbued the very culture in which people lived. As already mentioned, one aspect of the terror concerned the lived practicalities of working together with others. The meeting itself was regarded with horror. It consumed time better spent on one’s own pursuits. It spoke of boredom, of poorly managed debates between battling egos. Above all one would have tolerate the people one had constructed one’s atomised life specifically in order to avoid. Difference, often lauded in word, was usually felt as an onerous burden. And it is in discussing meetings of the time that we can finally understand why some of this fear was justified. In the absence of training, meetings truly could be an odious experience. One must imagine a meeting as a convergence of loneliness, fear, competitiveness, dominance/subservience, mental ill-health, and ignorance. To create a sense of the very genuine tedium and dysfunctionality this could create, we can try to imagine a group of deeply traumatised people entering a room with relative strangers and attempting to get all their emotional needs met in that space, within a few hours. We have not yet touched upon another aspect of the everyday terror: the fear of being subsumed into a mass. This was a learned fear, in part deliberately taught, in part inculcated in the institutions of forced education, where it was a very real danger. To examine the extent of this fear, I put it to you that a reader from the early twenty-first century, learning that we no longer have fences between houses, would immediately leap to the conclusion that we instead have between our homes a sort of undifferentiated parkland without boundaries. To the damaged mind of the time, the simple expedient of separately controlled plots, each with an individual character, yet open on all sides to allow entry by agreement, simply would not have occurred. As a result neighbours could not even walk directly between homes when visiting neighbours on streets backing onto theirs. To remove the fence would be to court the total loss of one’s personality. The true depths of the deleterious effects of the terror of the neighbour can only be understood through a psychological lens. Lack of self-respect is a corollary of seeing others as unequal, for one cannot help but become obsessed with the inequalities and hierarchies within one’s own self. It is this failure of valuing of the self—and the twisted conception of the self as fully autonomous—that did so much to inhibit the Transition. Consider: if two members of a household had such different visions for their garden that they struggled to work together, at no point would either of them (or their neighbours) have considered that one of them might instead work on a neighbour’s plot, with someone whose vision they did share. It’s not that this would have been considered and rejected. The historical record shows that it could not be conceptualised. The constant measurement of one’s neighbour and oneself within a framework of competition and inequality ensured that people could not reach out to each other. The fences were strongest in the mind. Jake Stanning is a public sector worker, occasional journalist and constant blogger. His interests are trees and radical politics, which sometimes converge in thinking about commons. He is currently helping to launch London Renters Union. Posted in Not afraid of the ruins, Not afraid of the ruins, UncategorizedTagged climate fiction, sci-fi, science fiction, speculative fiction, speculative nonfictionLeave a Comment on The Transition: towards a psycho-social history Are the Chipaya under threat of disappearing ? The Kawsay staff filling up the truck’s tank with gas as they got ready to load it with soil. Source: author by Paula Monroy The Uru-Chipaya territory is an autonomous indigenous municipality of the Plurinational Republic of Bolivia. The region stands 3876 m. a.m.s.l., located 194 km southwest of Oruro city, northeast of the Coipasa salt flat—the second most important in South America (2500 km2). Currently, the municipality counts with a permanent population of about 1814 people. The main productive activities are subsistence agriculture (quinoa, potatoes and kañahua) and livestock (sheep breeding—approximately 86%, and camelids—approximately 14%) also intended for self-consumption. In December 2015 Lake Poopo dried up and now the Lauca river is facing a similar fate, forcing Chipaya people to flee their territory due to water scarcity. However, other factors cumulative to the stress occasioned by drought are as well relevant when inquiring how the continuance of the Chipaya nation is challenged. To explore the issues at hand, a skype interview with Leonel Cerruto, Founder and Director of KAWSAY-Centro de Culturas Originarias, was conducted. As an institution, Kawsay has the main objective of strengthening indigenous originary campesino organizations through projects that include La Escuela de la Madre Tierra (The Mother Earth School). The conversation started with a discussion about tourism. I wanted to start off by asking you about the tourism initiative in the Chipaya territory. When I was there I remember hearing from our brothers about an Italian man coming in and incentivizing the overture to tourism. Are you aware of how that is going so far? Leonel Cerruto: A few years ago the community built an albergue in Chipaya, but it is not doing very well. To my understanding, an organization is currently doing some work financed by the European Union, but [Kawsay is] not working with them. [Kawsay’s] strategy is more community oriented. They [the organization] want to promote tourism in general. However, it is up to the autonomous indigenous government to decide in the end. The autonomy was voted ‘yes’ with close to 80% of the votes. We are happy because it was the last step to confirm the indigenous autonomy. We will enter a process of transition to formalize [the Chipaya’s] own government. A bigger challenge will come about, such as where will the community get resources from, because people go to Chile to work and make money so they can sustain themselves. In that sense, tourism is a good choice because it does not require a big investment. The organization Leonel referred to is GVC Italia—Gruppo di Volontariato Civile (Civil Volunteer Group). As he stated, the European Union is financing the project, which was named “Qnas Soñi (People of the Water): CHIPAYA, between tradition and technology, towards a resilient municipality”. It is an intervention plan that aims to assist the Chipaya people in adopting a strategy that pretends to help them reclaim their cultural identity and ‘treasure’ their ancestral inheritance. It pretends to do so by implementing four processes associated with the construction of a resilient community, one of which is developing services for tourists and promote it as a cultural destination nationally and worldwide. It appears to be a good idea, but there is something missing. In their website, the organization [GVC] overlooks the importance of conducting an impact assessment. The Chipaya territory is located in a zone with pandemic flora and fauna species. Considering the Poppo Lake dried up not long ago, introducing an initiative like the one [GVC] is promoting would be adding more pressure to the ecosystem. For example, tourism requires sanitary services and food. It could also bring more garbage in the area like plastic water bottles and snack packages. What do you think? L. C.: We are not too informed about [GVC]’s project. We’ve been more focused on the indigenous autonomy aspect. We are assisting the community in mobilizing to spread their own statuto because there were some people opposing to the indigenous autonomy. [GVC] is separate from us. However, things are about to change. For example, now that the indigenous autonomy has been adopted, the governance structure will change. So, tourism will be discussed in a participatory manner. The state is interested, yes, but the problem I see is that they are not looking at it from the Chipaya perspective. They label it as ‘community tourism’, but they are misunderstanding it for rural tourism, which is not community tourism at all. To my understanding the state is supporting [GVC]’s project. L. C.: The state is interested, yes, but the problem I see is that they are not looking at it from the Chipaya perspective. They label it as ‘community tourism’, but they are misunderstanding it for rural tourism, which is not community tourism at all. A landscape of the Chipaya territory. Source: author What comes to mind is the experience of my hometown Tepoztlan in regards of tourism in general. Back in the early 1900s Robert Redfield, American anthropologist and ethno-linguist, published a study about the campesino community in the village, which attracted sociologist Oscar Lewis whose research in the village revolved around poverty. Since then, the village underwent a process of urbanization as it became a hotspot for academic tourism. Then rich people were drawn to live there seasonally because intellectuals and artists were also living there. The pyramid and customs made Tepoztlan a mystical village that to this day receives thousands of visitors every year without any sort of control or regulation. L. C.: What you are saying is true. We have to be careful when integrating tourism. What worries me, which I imagine is similar to what you just mentioned, is that the Chipaya is an ancient culture not only in Bolivia but in the continent. So tourism is a threat. It is valid what you were saying. This reminds me of the Taquile island found in the Peruvian side of the Titicaca Lake. It is a community that self-started tourism and yet did not change their everyday activities, which are all tourist attractions. Each family gets a tourist, and the community has a common fund they collectively administer and also redistribute between the families. This is a good reference of how community tourism is organized and administrated. I know many instances in Ecuador that are more diverse in this branch. In other words, there are many forms of community tourism that are more controlled and the flow of tourists is regulated. The problem is when money dominates the situation. Yes, I agree. In Tepoztlan, for instance, people are turning their backs on agriculture and prefer to sell their land, land they inherited in most cases, as it is a faster source of income. This is problematic because the territory is fragmented and has become vulnerable to privatization. L. C.: Right. This is also observed in Cusco. It is a very important point, indeed. Once a territory is fragmented, cultural identity is also fragmented. Indigenous autonomy is important because it integrates the political and especially the spiritual aspect. The latter should be reincorporated. Putting this in the Chipaya context, what would you suggest as a strategy? Considering that globalization is already changing the lifestyles of teenagers. L. C.: One way is by recuperating the ancestral view to regain spirituality. This is key. For example, last month I was at a meeting with a group of elders who were saying the importance of seeing the earth as a living being. Once nature is seen as someone who is alive, it is treated as if it were alive. This vision needs to be retaught to young people. We are working with youth to help them integrate in the community life. In other words, there are many forms of community tourism that are more controlled and the flow of tourists is regulated. The problem is when money dominates the situation. A grain and seed storage hut. Source: author Once nature is seen as someone who is alive, it is treated as if it were alive. Don’t you think it’s a bit complicated with the internet and mobile phones? L. C.: That is a reality and we need to embrace it. The internet cannot be eliminated. Most young people have cellphones and they spend most of their time chatting on it. The goal is to help them give the internet a different use. It is not a matter of prohibition, it is rather a matter of switching the use they make of this technology. We are producing videos with them, they are coming up with their own presentations with their own communities. It has been working positively so far, as participants are getting more engaged with their culture and identity. They are integrating in the communal activities more and more. Are ancient rituals such as capturing the wind and harvesting dunes still practised? L. C.: Yes, although I am not specifically sure about those two. But, we are working on reincorporating traditional practices into the spiritual and ritual activities. It is a slow process because not all participants accept it right away. It also depends on their families and community. In Charagua, a community where we are undergoing a similar project, we are doing pretty well. Participants are very active and actively integrate in the community. In regards of food sovereignty and drought… L. C.: That is serious. Especially in the Andean part, which includes the Chipaya territory, and the Chaco region. It is a desperate situation because, for example, the potato seeds that were cultivated could not germinate as it has not rained. There is a study online stating that the drought of the Poppo lake is due to water mismanagement. L. C.: On the one hand, as you say, it is due to water mismanagement. There seems to be a lack of communal management of the resources and a lack of prevention measures. On the other hand, one cannot ignore that drought and el Nino are effects of climate change. The absence of rain is not necessarily because the little water available is mismanaged. Climate change plays a big role in all of this. Both things are cumulative. Another thing I am realizing is that some news are manipulated with political intent. What is true for Bolivia is that, according to official reports, 40% of our glaciers have been lost in the past years. This means that our mountains have less snow, resulting in less water supplying to the rivers and springs. It is undeniable. We have many snowcaps that have lost snow, thus there is no water running from those places. Consequently, there are less volumes of water feeding the rivers. So this is what has been going on. There is no prevention, the proper measurements have not been taken to come up with a contingency plan, for instance. Our water resources continue being used as if nothing was happening. It is a complex matter, and climate change is a key cause. The rooftops of two neighbouring homes. Source: author The absence of rain is not necessarily because the little water available is mismanaged. Climate change plays a big role in all of this. Both things are cumulative. The following is something that I have been noticing (since my childhood) in communities deemed ‘poor’ in the capitalist sense. It is a dependency on the government for help, or an expectation to be helped from above. While conducting an interview in the Chipaya nation, the interviewee asked for financial aid to the government for the construction of a diversion canal, as if a bureaucrat would watch the video. His colleague told me that the money had already been approved and they were just waiting for the government to hand it out. L. C.: Absolutely. More than the government it would be the state, though. This government has been giving out more resources, and it is up to the municipality to manage those resources according to the needs of the population. If the municipal agents do not allocate the resources properly, neither will the communities. In the last couple of years this has become a generation of dependency. For this reason, local authorities need to be strengthened, especially in the area of communal organization. This is something we are working on permanently. With the indigenous autonomy they should as well strengthen their organization so it is less dependant on the central state. Car traffickers don’t respect the borders and the municipality was not capable of keeping them away either. The indigenous autonomy now allows the local authorities to fairly manage their territory. I noticed that car trafficking is another threat to the territory. What is your opinion on this matter? Indeed, trafficked cars are driven into their territory, but the Chipaya people are not involved in it. It is up to them to build barriers that will keep [car traffickers] from crossing. Territorial control has been a struggle that the Chipaya people have not been able to do to these days. Car traffickers don’t respect the borders and the municipality was not capable of keeping them away either. The indigenous autonomy now allows the local authorities to fairly manage their territory. Let me pause to briefly explain what the indigenous autonomy is about. Back in 2007, with 4 states against (Canada, the United States, New Zealand and Australia)—and the abstention of 11 states (which included Colombia and the Russian Federation)—the United Nations’ General Assembly passed the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) by a majority of 143 votes in favour. Two years later, President Evo Morales made the official launch of the indigenous autonomy process with the Decree Law 231. As it is recognized in Article 2 and Article 290 of the constitution, indigenous peoples have the right to self-govern their ancestral territory in harmony with law and constitution as long as it is done within the structure of the unitary state. A Chipaya man showing his hunting technique. Source: author I read a UN report that says that the health issues [Chipaya] children and women are more prone to get are anemia and malnutrition. What I found concerning is that during my visit I did not see any health centres. L. C.: Presently, there have been some incentives from the state in this regard. However, as we were saying before [about depending on the state], as indigenous nations we had always had our own systems, not just in regards of health. We have ancestral wisdom. School teaches other ideas about culture. Is the content taught at public school designed by the state? L. C.: It is one thing that it is provided by the state, which should be the case anyway, and yet it should be the community who creates its own education system. Resources should be provided by the state because it’s part of a country; but, in this case, communities should have more capabilities to maintain their own education system. Do you think this could be done in the indigenous autonomy? L. C.: Yes, relatively because the educative system is centralized by the state. It will be more attainable as [the Chipaya people] get their own system, which needs further strengthening. In the instance of Bolivia, there are three curriculum levels: one is central, another is regional, and the third, which has not been effectively developed, is local. Therefore, it is possible to continue working on regular education. On the other hand, there is the need to continue working on our own community education, which is what indigenous nations have always had for thousands of years. Yet, since these themes are no longer researched in depth, it is as if they did not exist. All cultures have had their own education or formation systems that are actually meant to attain wisdom, including health and any other system. It is important to clarify which are our own systems. All indigenous cultures have their own ecological principles, or cosmovision. When these principles are forgotten the ecosystem is destroyed. To conclude, would you say the Chipaya nation is under threat of disappearing? L. C.: Yes. However, the indigenous autonomy can facilitate the Chipaya people the possibility of recuperating their culture. The Urus are in the process of going extinct, though. A segment of the Uru population lived near the Poppo Lake. Since the lake dried up, they lost their livelihood because they are essentially fishermen. They were forced to migrate. For this reason, their territorial structure is scattering. They are moving to urbanized regions because they no longer have a means to survive. This is happening in a different region of Oruro. It is happening to other cultures, too, and the process is similar: it disjuncts, scatters, and then disappears. There has been progress in the case of the Chipaya nation because the indigenous autonomy will allow them to develop their own life model by strengthening their ancestral culture. At least that is what is hoped. All indigenous cultures have their own ecological principles, or cosmovision. When these principles are forgotten the ecosystem is destroyed. Paula Monroy is an undergraduate student at Concordia University majoring in Urban Studies. Posted in Indigenous, Interview, Report-back, UncategorizedLeave a Comment on Are the Chipaya under threat of disappearing ? Punch Nazis when the timing is right by Sam Bliss Whether or not it is okay to punch a Nazi is the wrong question. Even those who say, No, it is not okay to punch a Nazi, would probably support waging all-out war against Nazis in certain situations. World War Two comes to mind. The twittersphere hasn’t produced many interesting, intelligent discussions on the topic firstly because a social network of one-line postings never really hosts deliberative democracy, but also because the disagreeing factions are not necessarily arguing about the same thing. Of course it is okay to punch a Nazi, sometimes. The more interesting question is this one: When is it okay to attack Nazis in what ways? The person who socked well-known white nationalist leader Richard Spencer while he was being interviewed by a journalist in D.C. after the inauguration last Friday did not punch him just to punch him. If the black-clad individual had merely wanted to whack the bigot who coined the term “alt-right,” they would have done so at a moment when Spencer was not on camera surrounded by a small crowd. The goal was to interfere with the interview, to stop Spencer from disseminating his anti-immigrant, anti-feminist, anti-Semitic hatred. Or rather, to stop the ignorant, click-hungry media from enabling the self-identified “identitarian” from spewing his anti-immigrant, anti-feminist, Semitic vitriol. The goal may also have been to humiliate him, and to get some laughs from those who agree that Spencer’s clean-shaven, contemptible face deserves a good, hard right hook to the face. My opinion is that yes, it was a defensible punch. It shut Spencer up. Spencer states that the United States belongs to white men. He openly advocates black genocide and does not deserve a chance to speak. More on that in a minute. This brings me to another interesting question: did the punch backfire? Some non-violence advocates insist that it makes anti-racists and anti-fascists look bad. We should not use the disrespectful tactics of the enemy, so the argument goes. Violence only breeds more violence. It is never justified, according to these anti-violence voices. This is naïve—and possibly dangerous. From India’s independence from Britain to the end of U.S. slavery, racism has not been defeated with words, but by direct opposition. Anger may lead to the dark side, but Jedis do use light sabers. Non-violent anti-racism looks bad—when racists win. To me, the punch might have backfired because now many more people have watched the interview than ever would have if not for the blow to the jaw. Giving airspace to people like Spencer gives them power. Look at what happened with President Trump. Or Adolf Hitler, for that matter. Repetitively communicating their despicable message is how people like them end up in the position to order the rest of us around. Both good press and bad press reward them with public attention. From this perspective, the media should not have been interviewing Spencer in the first place. It will take a lot of restraint for the media to sacrifice traffic – and thus advertising revenue – by passing up click-worthy opportunities to shine the light on far-right extremists who feel empowered to organize and speak up in the age of Trump. On the other hand, I learned that the alt-right is basically Nazism thanks to this incident. The popularity of the video—the internet has now set The Punch to various epic songs—has exposed people to the ridiculous racism of the alt-right. Because of it, we are more aware that this scary movement is gaining momentum. The chances have increased that we can stop the alt-right before we are forced to resort to violence much more serious than a sucker punch. If the media ignores Nazis and Trump completely, then they can go about their evil ways hidden from public sight. But if the media gives them too much attention, it spreads their message. So the question then becomes: when do we ignore Nazis, when do we report on them, and when do we punch them in the face? The media and non-media need to think hard about this one, every time. All three courses of action have their proper time and place. Sam Bliss is a PhD student at the University of Vermont in the Economics for the Anthropocene research initiative. He loves reading, singing, and slow travel and strongly dislikes post-environmentalism. Posted in Essay, UncategorizedTagged Nazi, non-violence, richard spencer, white nationalism, white supremacy2 Comments on Punch Nazis when the timing is right	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line203
__label__wiki	0.875658	0.875658	Home > Projects > Current Projects > Seabirds & Shorebirds > Important Sites for Seabirds & Shorebirds > Namibia > Walvis Bay Guano Platform, Bird Rock Seabird Species African Penguin Fleshfooted Shearwater Leach's Storm Petrel Whitefaced Storm Petrel Great White Pelican Redbilled Tropicbird Australasian Gannet Cape Cormorant Bank Cormorant Crowned Cormorant White-breasted Cormorant Kelp Gull (Larus Dominicanus Dominicanus) Kelp Gull (Larus Dominicanus Vetula) "Cape Gull" Hartlaub's Gull Franklin's Gull Sabine's Gull Antarctic Tern Swift Tern Shorebird Species African Black Oystercatcher Blacksmith Plover Crowned Plover Kittlitz's Plover Lesser Sheathbill Spotted Thick-knee Plover White-fronted Plover Important Sites for Seabirds & Shorebirds Predators & Prey Waders-l & SEABIRD Listservers Penguin Watch Final Report of the Benguela Current Large Marine Ecosystem Top Predators Project Rehabilitation of Oiled African Penguins: A Conservation Success Story Marine Ornithology Archive: The "Treasure" Oil Spill, June 2000 SAPmap: Further Travels of Peter & Pamela Pamela Found at Dassen Island Initial Effects of the "Treasure" Oil Spill on Seabirds off Western South Africa Animated SAPmap Transmitters & GIS Map ADU Penguin Diary 23 June to 2 July 2000 Penguins Entering SANCCOB with Flipper Bands Brief History of Penguin Oiling in South African Waters Terminology & Concepts in the Oiling of Seabirds ADU's African Penguin Research Viewpoint from the FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology Impressions of a SANCCOB Volunteer The Stories of P(i)eter Penguin Walvis Bay Guano Platform, Bird Rock Cape Cross Sylvia Hill Mercury Island Ichaboe Island Halifax Island Possession Island Plumpudding & Sinclair Islands Bird Rock: the Walvis Bay Guano Platform Les Underhill Photo H.D. Oschadleus View of the Guano Platform on Bird Rock at Walvis Bay The guano platform built over Bird Rock near Walvis Bay is a remarkable structure. The rock over which it is built is about 400 m offshore, about 7 km north of Walvis Bay on the way to Swakopmund. The rock is exposed only at low tides. The platform was built during the depression years of the 1930s by Mr KHA Winter, who was a carpenter in Swakopmund. The following account of the construction of the platform, written by Mr Winter himself, is quoted from an article published in 1975 in Bokmakierie, which described itself as the "general interest magazine of the South African Ornithological Society". The article was written by Dr Hu Berry, of the Division of Nature Conservation and Tourism of the then South West Africa Administration. Hu Berry made a pioneering contribution to ornithology in Namibia, especially for seabirds and their breeding localities. Mr Winter wrote: "The very first time when I went to Walvis Bay by train, which runs along the coast, I saw Bird Rock during low tide; it was covered with hundreds and thousands of birds. A few hours later when I returned to Swakopmund, everything had vanished and there were only seething waves to be seen above the submerged rock. In the following years I saw and pondeered over the waste of guano which was daily taking place. "In 1930 I hired the rock from the South African Railways and Harbours for five yedars and paid 24 pounds (=R48) rent yearly. In March 1930 I built a table or platform with four legs 4x4 m by 3 m high. Five minutes after I left this platform the first bird alighted on it. Two months later, after it had proved that the platform had stood against the strong seething waves, I increased the platform to 8x8 m and in March 1931 to 16x16 m. In 1931 I received an inheritance of 800 dollars from the United States of America, with which I brought from Germany some specially made iron alloy. At about the same time the Kuiseb River had overflowed the town of Walvis Bay and the timber yard of a dealer in building material was heavily flooded. I bought from this firm for 400 pounds some water-damaged timber. In August 1931 I finished the extension of the platform to 1600 square metres. "I had become, however, the laughing stock of the town and even the Mayor did his best in jeering. That alone, however, would not have worried me, but the result was that I lost my credit and I had to borrow money under hard conditions and had to pay 10% interest, and the depression in these years made things go from bad to worse for me, and I nearly went bankrupt. I was in such straits that my wife took a post as a saleswoman in a shop for 10 pounds monthly salary. Formerly I had six men employed in my big joinery shop and now I had only two apprentices. The monthly turnover was sometimes below 20 pounds. Only the strong belief which I had in my platform gave me the power and courage to bear all the calamities. "From 1934 to 1937 during the period of the collection of guano I built every year an extension of the platform of a few hundred square metres to bring the total size of the platform to 3300 square metres by 1937. "The average price I received for guano was up to 5 pounds 10 shillings (=R11) per ton. In 1938 it was 7 pounds 10 shillings (R15). I sold the guano so cheaply in ignorance of the high percentage of nitrogen and of the real market price. "In December 1938 a shipload of timber from Sweden arrived and a part of this timber we used to increase the 3300 to 17 000 square metres, the work being finished two months before the outbreak of war. Underneath the platform "I personally had to do the hardest work from the beginning right from 1930 to 1939. In 1942, however, the platform was beginning to show good return and in 1943 I finally could pay all my debts. "The whole platform is built on stilts; the stilts are not fastened to the ground, but are standing lose on the submerged rocks. My technical idea was to give to the sea current and waves as little resistance as possible and to construct the platform in such a way that it should not be too expensive." Perhaps it is not surprising that the alternative name for Bird Rock given on some official survey maps is "Winter's Folly". Hu Berry, in his article in Bokmakierie explains that the guano produced on the platform is particularly valuable, because its nitrogen concentration is almost double that found in guano from the offshore islands. The platform guano is 16% nitrogen, 9% phosphoric acid and 4% potash. Island guano averages about 9% nitrogen. The quality of the guano on the platform is so high because the area is particularly dry, so little leaching takes place, and because the guano from the platform is not mixed with any sand, as happens on the offshore islands. The project ultimately became an economically successful venture, and was followed by similar platforms at other suitable sites in Namibia, for example at the pans near Cape Cross. The platform at Walvis Bay is the only one actually constructed in the sea. Cape Cormorants breeding on the platform The thickness of the guano on the platform varies between years, due to fluctuations in numbers of breeding and roosting seabirds, which in turn are due to changes in the amount of fish available to the birds. On average, the guano is about 5 cm thick, and then delivers a yield of 650 tonnes. Even though guano scraping has ceased on South African offshore islands, and is erratic at Namibian ones, guano production continues on the platforms. Unlike on the islands, there are no conservation issues. The guano is removed from the platforms at the end of summer (February-March), after the end of the breeding seasons of the species that use the platform. About 99% of the birds that occur on the platform are Cape Cormorants, and they are responsible for producing most of the guano. From a conservation perspective, the population of Great White Pelicans which breed here probably give the platform its greatest value. The number of breeding pairs is usually in the range 150-200. They were observed breeding on the platform for the first time in 1949. Prior to this, the pelicans bred on sandy islets at Sandwich Harbour, about 60 km farther south. The islands on which they bred there become linked to the mainland, allowing access to predators. It is fortuituous that the guano platform existed, because the pelicans would have had difficulty breeding elsewhere along this section of the Namibian coastline. The pelicans feed at wetlands such as Walvis Bay Lagoon and Sandwich Harbour. They also feed offshore; during a survey conducted in summer 1977/78, 60% of the 5-km count sections along the shoreline recorded at least one pelican. Both adult pelicans, and young birds close to fledging, consume the eggs and nestlings of the Cape Cormorants with which they share the guano platform. A pelican nestling, ringed on the platform on 20 December 1972, was recorded breeding there in several years, most recently in 1999, 26 years later (SAFRING ring H01008). The guano platform is one of three sites where pelicans breed annually in southern Africa, the others are in South Africa: Dassen Island, Western Cape, and Lake St Lucia, KwaZulu-Natal. Breeding inland in southern Africa occurs sporadically after heavy rains at large wetlands in Botswana and Namibia. It is not known if there is any interchange between these populations. Great White Pelican feeding chick on the platform The secondmost numerous species of cormorant breeding on the platform is the Whitebreasted Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo lucidus; about 700 nesting pairs have been recorded. This is the largest Whitebreasted Cormorant colony in the world; the coastal breeding distribution of this subspecies of the "Cormorant" Phalacrocorax carbo is from Inhaca Island in southern Mozambique through South Africa and Namibia to Ilha dos Tigres in southern Angola. About 100 pairs of Crowned Cormorants nest at the gauno platform; this is the northernmost breeding colony of this species along the west coast of Africa; the next nearest colony is at Oyster Cliffs, some 250 km farther south. This species breeds and roosts on the supports underneath the platform, and therefore does not make any contribution to the guano. Hu Berry noted a few other bird species that had been recorded on Bird Island. The three southern African gull species are regular: Kelp Gull Larus dominicanus, Hartlaub's Gull L. hartlaubii and Greyheaded Gull L. cirrocephalus, but have not been recorded breeding on the platform. Greater Flamingos Phoenicopterus ruber sometimes roost on the platform in flocks of up to 150 birds. Among the waders, the African Black Oystercatcher Haematopus moquini and Turnstone Arenaria interpres occur regularly, with occasional visits from other wader species. Berry HH 1974. The crowned race of Reed Cormorant Phalacrocorax africanus breeding underneath Walvis Bay guano platform, South West Africa. Madoqua Series I, 8: 59-62. Berry HH 1975. History of the guano platform on Bird Rock, Walvis Bay, South West Africa. Bokmakierie 27: 60-64. Crawford RJM, Cooper J, Shelton PA 1981. The breeding population of White Pelicans Pelecanus onocrotalus at Bird Rock Platform in Walvis Bay, 1949-1978. Fisheries Bulletin of South Africa 15: 67-70.	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line207
__label__cc	0.686221	0.313779	HOME : Roman Coins : Julia Maesa : Silver Denarius of Julia Maesa Silver Denarius of Julia Maesa - C.5106 Origin: Mediterranean Circa: 218 AD to 225 AD Collection: Numismatics Medium: Silver Obverse: IVLIA MAESA AVG; Draped Bust of Julia Maesa Facing Right Reverse: FECVNDITAS AVG; Fecunditas, Standing to the Left, Holding a Cornucopiae, a Child Stands Before Her Women, though often overlooked, played an intriguing role during the height of the Roman Empire, often pulling the strings from offstage when the emperor was too young to rule or especially gullible to the influences of an ambitious empress. Julia Maesa, sister of Julia Domna and grandmother to Elagabalus and Severus Alexander, is one such powerful plotter who altered the course of history. It is believed that she is largely responsible for igniting the rebellion that toppled Macrinus and the restored the Severan Dynasty to the throne. When her older grandson Elagabalus went mad and became uncontrollable, he was assassinated and the more obedient Severus Alexander was installed. Although she may or may not have directly ordered his murder, she clearly benefited from Elagabalus’ demise. However, by the time Alexander donned the purple, she was already quite old and eventually died just a few years into his reign. How many hands have touched a coin in your pocket or purse? What eras and lands have the coin traversed on its journey into our possession? As we reach into our pockets to pull out some change, we rarely hesitate to think of who might have touched the coin before us, or where the coin will venture to after it leaves our hands. More than money, coins are a symbol of the state that struck them, of a specific time and location, whether contemporary currencies or artifacts of a long forgotten empire. This stunning hand-struck coin reveals an expertise of craftsmanship and intricate sculptural detail that is often lacking in contemporary machine-made currencies. Today, this coin is an ancient memorial to a powerful woman passed from the hands of civilization to civilization, from generation to generation. - (C.5106)	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line212
__label__cc	0.674592	0.325408	Original Artwork Index Framed Artwork Index James J. Hill House I Order Placement --------------- Birch Linen mat paper print size: 11” x 8.5” - Signed/Numbered edition size: 999 - $30 Birch Linen mat paper print size: 11” x 8.5” - Signed/Numbered Artist’s Proof edition size: 99 - $45 Birch Linen mat paper print size: 17” x 11” - Signed/Numbered edition size: 999 - $45 Birch Linen mat paper print size: 17” x 11” - Signed/Numbered Artist’s Proof edition size: 99 - $60 Customized Pencil Shading or Watercolor Tinting available - $20 Saint Paul, Minnesota - Pen and Ink - 2010 “The rugged red sandstone, massive scale, fine detail and ingenious for time mechanical systems of this mansion recall the powerful presence of Saint Paul’s famed railroad magnate, James J. Hill (1838-1916). Completed in 1891, the true landmark residence was the setting of the public and private lives of the Hill family for three decades. His home was the largest residence on Summit Avenue, in the city, the state and the region at the time. It contains 36,500 square feet on five floors including 13 bathrooms, 22 fireplaces, 16 cut-glass chandeliers, a two-story sky-lit art gallery, an 88-foot reception hall, and a profusion of elaborately carved oak and mahogany woodwork”. Overlooking downtown Saint Paul to the east and Mississippi river valley to the south, the James J. Hill mansion is prominently located at the beginning of Saint Paul’s famed Summit Avenue across from the Cathedral of Saint Paul. Birch Linen mat paper print size: 11” x 8.5” - Signed/Numbered edition size: 999 - $30 Birch Linen mat paper print size: 11” x 8.5” - Signed/Numbered Artist’s Proof edition size: 99 - $45 Birch Linen mat paper print size: 17” x 11” - Signed/Numbered edition size: 999 - $45 Birch Linen mat paper print size: 17” x 11” - Signed/Numbered Artist’s Proof edition size: 99 - $60 Customized Pencil Shading or Watercolor Tinting available - $20 (Substitute White Linen mat paper available. For this selection and or to complete your order for Customized Pencil Shading or Watercolor Tinting please contact us at 651-222-4767 or bill@billhosko.com. See FAQ page for additional information. Thank you.)	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line217
__label__wiki	0.504542	0.504542	Oh, that Katharine! Don't Touch That Dial My earliest memory is me at age three on a Saturday morning, alone in the living room, spinning around or whatever shenanigans a solo three-year-old can get into that would lead to breaking a lamp during the commercial break for Laverne & Shirley in the Army. My second earliest memory is a short time later, watching our VHS recording of the CBS broadcast of The Muppet Movie, again alone in the living room, getting into whatever mischief that would lead to my lodging a pencil eraser in my left nostril during the Steve Martin scene. I waited until the end of the film before telling my mother because she specifically told me not to bother her with anything. And I figured I could still breathe out of the other nostril. I may have snuck into the kitchen to get pepper. Y’know, for sneezing. Because cartoons told me that was a thing. I remember watching Teresa Brewer perform “Music, Music, Music” on The Muppet Show while my mother put the last of my father’s belongings—his rattiest of underpants, his favourite kitchenware—in a box for him to pick up the next time he came to town. We were watching Charles in Charge when the moving truck took our furniture from the house we lived in to the small apartment where I would share a bedroom with my mother. A lot of my memories feature television as a supporting character. My memories are cluttered with theme songs and commercial jingles, catchphrases and clip shows. I could tell you all about how televised content influenced me, inspired me, and impacted my development as a human being. Well, duh. How could it not? Television was no mere household appliance—it was a member of our dysfunctional clan. It was almost always on. Get up in the morning and watch TV. Get home, have dinner while watching TV. Do homework while watching TV. Pull baby teeth while watching TV. Got the flu? Stay home and watch Phil Donahue. I was always sent to another room to watch TV, usually because my family was watching something on our other TV. Television was not a treat. It wasn’t a privilege to be snatched away. To deprive me of TV would’ve meant that my caretakers would have to deprive themselves—and actually watch me instead. Television was a staple in our media consumption diet, in a time before media consumption was a household concept. Our daily viewing surpassed the weekly average. If we weren’t a Nielsen family, we should’ve been. Television was my babysitter. Television was my teacher. Television was my best friend and constant companion. Television was my lifeline. Television taught me how to read, how to write, how to talk. It taught me how to live and love. It taught me about all the possible embarrassing scenarios one might encounter at dinner parties and big city offices. It taught me that if only I looked a certain way and used specific products, I could lead a glamorous, dramatic life. Television taught me how to be a detached observer of human behaviour. You may imagine a small child sitting cross-legged on the floor, mouth agape, eyes wide staring up at a glowing set in a darkened room. This was not me. Ever the multi-tasker, I was colouring, building things, breaking lamps, turning my Little People hospital upside down and letting the Little People dolls carry on as if that was a completely normal orientation for a medical facility. Oftentimes, I would sit on my mother's bed with my back to the tv and enact stories with my stuffed animals. There was an ongoing love triangle between Kermit, Miss Piggy, and a large koala, with an was occasional disruption by slutty Rainbow Brite. Television was freedom. In the era before parental controls, I was granted full command of the dial—such responsibility to bestow on someone still in their single digits. As cable was still in its childhood as well, my choices were often limited to what could be picked up by VHF and rabbit ears. Ted Turner and the Public Broadcasting Service provided enough compelling content to limit my exposure to static noise around the rest of the dial. My mornings would start in darkness, watching pre-1950s Merrie Melodies/Looney Tunes and Time-Life commercials for nostalgic album compilations—amassing my knowledge of Classic Hollywood actors and five-second snippets of the biggest Swing and Doo Wop hits. If The Price Is Right was on, it was time for lunch. If the soap operas were on, it was time for me to light somewhere and hush so the grown-ups could watch their stories. Sharing a room with my mother meant my lullabies were the themes to The Love Boat and Murder, She Wrote. Other kids had Saturday morning cartoons while I had Monday Night Movie, Sunday afternoon wilderness shows, Must See TV Thursday, TGIF, Afterschool Special, daytime game shows, very special episodes and the Weather Channel. It didn't have to be good, it just had to be on. My mother never told me what I could watch. I never asked permission. We would occasionally discuss things I'd seen and she would gently tell me which things were not really appropriate for little girls. Our chats about The Patty Duke Show would meander as my mother reminisced about going to a neighbour's to watch television as not everyone could afford their own TV sets yet. TV programs were black and white because the world was black and white, she'd tell me. The broadcast day was significantly shorter, there were three stations and half of them were fuzzy, and she lost both her husbands because she didn't have Donna Reed's domestic flair or Annette Funicello's bosoms. At my grandmother’s apartment, I would hunker down near her 13” black and white set to watch The Monkees and Gidget as she whiled away the hours shelling peas and drinking PBR and talking about the impending end times. She, along with the visiting biddies in her Bible study group, loved to scold me for sitting too close to the television because it would ruin my eyes. They also scolded me for holding books too close to my face when I was reading. It never occurred to any of these people that my eyes were already ruined and the effect was not their theoretical cause. For my ninth birthday, I was given a 4” portable TV/radio so that I could watch television anywhere, as long as I had eight C batteries and headphones. During school breaks, I would sit in my mother’s office and watch I Dream of Jeannie and Bewitched. During tornado watches (or if I was feeling a bit lonely), I would bring my little TV and my potholder loom into our living/dining room and do my crafts while watching Degrassi or Night Court or Amen while my mother sat a few feet away and watched some hourlong dramas on the big TV. With my prolonged exposure to screens, how odd it was to go to someone else’s house and find that the television was not on. Children, if any were present, were sent outdoors. Women gathered and gabbed in the kitchen or maybe the fancy sitting room. In social circles where Bible studies were more prevalent than viewing parties, television was considered to be man's domain. Only when menfolk were present did the TV come alive, usually to blare some sports program or a western or maybe a rerun of The A-Team. I was not permitted outdoors with the dirt and the bugs, so I had to endure bitchy kitchen gossip or, more frequently, John Wayne whooping it up with Dallas Cowboys or something. Thankfully, I had a book. Okay, it was a Charles in Charge novelization I'd borrowed from my sister. Time passed, life went on, networks stopped concluding their broadcast day with the national anthem and started filling the dead air with Time-Life infomercials. We all got slightly bigger television sets and expanded cable packages. Fifty-seven channels and nothing’s on but we’ll settle for the background noise because it’s better than facing reality. If I wanted to justify my family's dependence on television, I would reckon it was used as a deterrent, not only to discourage familial interaction but to dissuade outsiders from preying on an all-female household. Given our backwards state, is it really so far-fetched that someone could believe the blue glow of the television bouncing off our drawn curtains indicated a masculine presence? Maybe not if they could see we were watching Falcon Crest. Televisions are everywhere now—sports bars, Chinese restaurants, coffee shops, shopping mall food courts, and highway rest areas. We're all staring at screens for a significant portion of our day. We've got programs on demand and a 24-hour news cycle to prevent us from spending too much time with our own neuroses (while probably creating more). For all the choices at my fingertips, I still turn to public television and Turner-based networks. What will we do if we're suddenly and indefinitely cut off from electricity and can no longer watch TV? Will we revert to the antiquated practice of gathering round the family piano to sing the old standards? Do we know any of the old standards? Do we even have any standards left? Will Time-Life sell us the sheet music?	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line218
__label__wiki	0.612036	0.612036	Member Providers National Council for Behavioral Health Services Unemployment Services Trust (UST) Alliance Policy Work Critical Bills Awaiting Funding at Appropriations – 129th Legislature Appropriations and Financial Affairs Task Forces and Work Groups Alliance for Addiction and Mental Health Services, Maine One unified voice for Maine's substance use and addictions prevention, treatment, and recovery programs Home › Membership The Alliance for Addiction and Mental Health Services, Maine (the Alliance) is recognized by legislators, the Governor’s office, other administrative leaders and other health care and behavioral health entities as Maine’s leader representing behavioral health providers. Alliance members are viewed as experts in the field and their input and opinions are highly valued. Full Membership in the Alliance is open to SAMHS licensed treatment agencies in both Mental Health and Substance Use Disorder treatment and recovery services. Associate membership is available to individuals and organizations involved in prevention or recovery, and with an interest in making a positive difference in behavioral health services. Membership in the Alliance includes full membership in the National Council for Behavioral Health, which is the leading national association advocating on behalf of behavioral health providers nationwide. Other Agency Member benefits related to the National Council Membership include: Access to the largest advocacy network of behavioral health providers in the country. An opportunity to apply for ground-breaking new practice improvement initiatives. Access to leading consultants, trainers, and other field experts on relevant and timely topics such as compliance and risk management, healthcare integration, healthcare reform operationalization and strategic planning, HIT, EHR, and more. Member discounts for Mental Health First Aid trainings, learning management systems, the National Council bookstore, and JOBank postings. Access to the National Council Member list serve. An opportunity to apply for the prestigious National Council Awards of Excellence. Membership in the Alliance also includes full membership for Board Members in the Maine Association of Nonprofits, which advocates for the nonprofit sector in Maine and provides many direct benefits which include tools for: Organizational development and compliance Board development training Leadership development and transition support Legal and risk management The Alliance supports its Members by directly providing a variety of services: Advocacy – Connections to Maine Important decisions are made almost every day in Maine that directly impact the field. The Alliance works year round with legislators, the Department of Health and Human Services and others to shape policy and budget before it is set. You will receive timely updates during the legislative session. Our legislative activities and events at the State House highlight our member agencies at the State House and provide an important opportunity for your agency to showcase your services and contributions to Maine. The Alliance is a member of the Maine Association of Nonprofits (MANP), and participates in the collective voice of the MANP Advocacy Network. Advocacy related to public policy, regulations and legislation at the state and federal levels. Advocacy – Connections to Washington Periodic updates and alerts from Washington related to how Congress and the Administration are affecting the field through policy and budget. Legislative monitoring and action alerts from our Maine delegation in Washington, D.C. Access to a dynamic information highway You’ll be on our communication track for important information through electronic and other communications. Newsletters, alerts, and information about substance use prevention, treatment and recovery, funding opportunities, and updates linking you with the most current news in substance use disorders and addictions. Member discounts through the National Council. Real time, proprietary Member’s Only information. Networking: Sometimes it’s not what you know, but who you know. Opportunities to meet your colleagues at monthly meetings. Networking provides you with new ideas and an expanded circle of valuable contacts. Networking opportunities, work groups and committees influencing critical issues. Relationship building and joint advocacy with a wide array of stakeholders working on a common vision and outcomes. Highlighting your agency: A marketing tool for your agency – links that will highlight your organization. Public awareness and enhanced marketing to policy makers, communities, and individuals and families seeking services. Recognition from the field. Highlight your agency on the Alliance web site. Making Employment and Career Connections: Direct recruiting on the Alliance Job Bank provides agencies and job seekers with a starting place to look for that perfect match. Workforce development resources for agencies and individuals – current licensing regulations for agencies and individuals. Alliance News Northern Light Health provides $10K for access to behavioral health resources Many have suffered hardships in our communities and will continue to do so until the COVID-19 pandemic is behind us. Northern Light Health is dedicated to supporting our communities by upholding our tradition of partnering with others to better serve and support Maine people in need. In the spirit of collaboration and in this time… Portland Providers: Possible Cuts to Services Without State Help Providers say mental health and substance-use services are even more critical during the pandemic, with more Mainers experiencing feelings of loneliness and isolation. (Chinnapong/Adobe Stock) December 8, 2020 Lily Bohlke, Public News Service – ME PORTLAND, Maine — Some mental health and substance-use providers in Portland may need to cut down on services in the… Alliance Joins Greater Portland Chamber of Commerce in Litigation Regarding New Portland Emergency Pay Increase Alliance for Addiction and Mental Health Services, Maine Press Statement for immediate release 12.1.2020 Re: Portland Emergency Wage Provision Litigation Contact Malory Shaughnessy, Executive Director 207-242-0303, mshaughnessy@masap.org The Alliance for Addiction and Mental Health Services, Maine (the Alliance) is a statewide membership association for community behavioral health organizations providing services, programming and leadership to ensure… © 2021 AAMHS 295 Water Street #307, Augusta, ME 04330 Website by RainStorm	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line219
__label__cc	0.706002	0.293998	A MAN IN THE HOUSE IS A QUEER ART PROJECT FEATURING MALE NUDES, ATHLETES, BODYBUILDERS, ACTORS, PHYSIQUE MODELS, ARTISTS, HUNKS AND BEEFCAKE PHYSIQUE MODEL EVERETT LEE JACKSON PAT MILO. Everett Lee Jackson (a.k.a. Cherokee). 1950's. Labels: Beefcake, Cherokee, Everett Lee Jackson, Full Frontal Male Nudity, Handsome, Hunks, Military, Muscular, Pat Milo, Physique Model Since April of 2012, A MAN IN THE HOUSE has been presenting carefully curated and enhanced images of handsome and beautiful men. A MAN IN THE HOUSE also features paintings and photographs by many fine artists; all image captures from other websites are credited to their original sources whenever possible. PHYSIQUE MODELS Male nudes photographed by the gay men whose pioneering photography studios (1940 - 1970) substantially increased awareness of queer culture and hastened the advent of the Gay Liberation movement. Email A MAN IN THE HOUSE Unless otherwise noted, all images on this website are owned by their credited original sources. Permission is required to reproduce any material on this website, or to link to it from other sites. ALEXANDER DREYMON AND MATT SMITH IN CHRISTOPHER AND HIS KIND GRAND HOMME VINTAGE ROCK PAMPLIN IN PLAYGIRL ON THE FROTH OF A WAVE JOHN GIBSON IN PLAYGIRL MAGAZINE PAINTINGS ON A MAN IN THE HOUSE BOB MIZER FOUNDATION MEN IN THE MOVIES The images below link to story-boarded sequences of entire movies photographed between 2012 and 2015 with a tripod-mounted camera while screening DVDs. 2001: A SPACE ODESSEY BEYOND THE VALLEY OF THE DOLLS THE COLOSSUS OF RHODES DEATH IN VENICE 5 AGAINST THE HOUSE ANDY WARHOL'S FLESH FLYING DOWN TO RIO HIS KIND OF WOMAN ISLAND OF LOST WOMEN I, CLAUDIUS PINK FLAMINGOS PINK NARCISSUS QUERELLE SADIE McKEE TARZAN AND HIS MATE THAT MAN: PETER BERLIN ANDY WARHOL'S TRASH MORE OF WILL HOLUB'S MOVIE FRAMEGRAB PHOTOGRAPHS A MAN FOR ALL SEASONS ALI BABA AND THE FORTY THIEVES ANDY WARHOL'S BLOOD FOR DRACULA APOCALYPSE NOW REDUX BATTLE CRY BIG HOUSE USA BILLY'S HOLLYWOOD SCREEN KISS BULLFIGHTER AND THE LADY CALLAS FOREVER CARNIVAL STORY CAT WOMEN OF THE MOON CHRISTOPHER AND HIS KIND COCO CHANEL & IGOR STRAVINSKY DAMN YANKEES! DAVID'S BIRTHDAY EYES OF LAURA MARS FELLINI SATYRICON FIVE EASY PIECES FLESH GORDON GOLD DIGGERS OF 1933 HIROSHIMA MON AMOUR HOMICIDAL IN THE REALM OF THE SENSES INVASION OF THE BODY SNATCHERS JOSHUA TREE 1951: A PORTRAIT OF JAMES DEAN KENNETH WILLIAMS: FANTABULOSA! KISS ME DEADLY L'INNOCENTE LOVE VALOUR COMPASSION MAGNIFICENT OBSESSION MALA NOCHE MISSILE TO THE MOON MOGAMBO MOMMIE DEAREST NICHOLAS AND ALEXANDRA QUEEN OF OUTER SPACE RAGE AT DAWN RETURN OF THE GLADIATOR ROBOT MONSTER RYAN'S DAUGHTER SEBASTIANE SEVEN BRIDES FOR SEVEN BROTHERS SHOCK CORRIDOR SON OF FURY SOPHIE'S CHOICE STAR WARS: RETURN OF THE JEDI STAR WARS: THE EMPIRE STRIKES BACK STEAM: THE TURKISH BATH STRAIGHT-JACKET THE 7TH VOYAGE OF SINBAD THE ASSASSINATION OF JESSE JAMES THE BEST OF EVERYTHING THE CARDINAL THE CONFORMIST THE COWBOY AND THE LADY THE CRAWLING EYE THE DAY THE EARTH STOOD STILL THE EDDY DUCHIN STORY THE FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE THE IDOL MAKER THE INTOUCHABLES THE JEWEL IN THE CROWN THE LAST PICTURE SHOW THE LEOPARD THE LONG HOT SUMMER THE MALTESE FALCON THE NAKED PREY THE NEW ADVENTURES OF TARZAN THE PRODIGAL THE RASPBERRY REICH THE THIN MAN THE TREASURE OF THE SIERRA MADRE THE VELVET VAMPIRE THE WEDDING NIGHT THE WORLD'S GREATEST ATHLETE THERE'S NO BUSINESS LIKE SHOW BUSINESS TO CATCH A THIEF TORCH SONG TRILOGY TWO FOR THE ROAD WHAT'S UP DOC? WHERE THE BOYS ARE WITH A SONG IN MY HEART WITHNAIL AND I WRITTEN ON THE WIND YES NURSE! NO NURSE! TOUGH GUYS Hunks (2928) Handsome (2373) Beefcake (1950) Muscular (1458) Male Nudes (1076) Full Frontal Male Nudity (975) Male Nudity (825) Leading Men (686) Physique Model (536) Bodybuilders (477) Movie Stars (372) Blondes (367) 1960s (299) Gay Subtext (253) Gay Actors (242) DVD framegrab photography by Will Holub 2012 (199) LGBTQ (179) Gay (174) Shirtless (162) Athletes (161) Butts (157) Partial Male Nudity (143) Gay Photographers (130) Tough Guys (121) Military (119) Black and White Classic Films (116) Oil Paintings (116) Love and Romance (110) Gay Artists (107) Science Fiction (105) B-Movies (92) Gay Directors (90) DVD framegrab photography by Will Holub 2013 (89) Jeans (88) Dancers (83) Tight Pants (79) Classic Films (74) Oscar Winners (74) American Artists (73) Epics (72) Speedo (72) Gay Movies (71) Bob Mizer (70) Champion Studio (68) Sailors (63) Bathing Suits (62) Gay Sex (61) TV (61) Loincloth (58) Photography by Will Holub 2012 (55) Leather (54) Underwear (52) Framegrabs from DVDs by Will Holub 2012 (51) Shower (51) Gay Love (49) Screenshots by Will Holub 2013 (47) Joe Dallesandro (45) Andy Warhol (44) Film Noir (44) Alfred Hitchcock (43) Horror (43) Stanley Kubrick (42) Bruce of Los Angeles (41) Contemporary Art (41) Hollywood (41) Sculpture (38) Movie Musicals (37) Ancient Rome (36) Cowboys (36) Orry-Kelly (35) Paul Morrissey (35) Gilbert Taylor (32) Jockstraps (32) Queer (32) Locker Room (31) Robert Burks (31) Swords and Sandals (31) Arthur Edeson (30) NYC (30) Female Nudity (28) Jean Genet (28) British Miniseries (27) Burt Lancaster (27) Drag Queens (27) George Cukor (26) Brendan Fraser (25) Daniel Craig (25) Briefs (24) Cult Films (24) Luchino Visconti (24) Male Models (24) Men Kissing (24) Streaming movie screenshots by Will Holub 2012 (24) Superstars (24) Nudes (23) Prison (23) Rainer Werner Fassbinder (23) Sol Polito (23) Jeremy Irons (22) Paintings by Will Holub (22) Robert Surtees (22) Querelle (21) Streaming movie screenshots by Will Holub 2013 (21) Gay Liberation (20) Herbert Wise (20) Ian McKellen (20) Peter Hider (20) Premier Danseur (20) Prize Fighters (20) Xaver Schwarzenberger (20) Barbra Streisand (19) Boxers (19) Brad Davis (19) Cult Classics (19) John Hamill (19) Life Magazine (19) Mike Nichols (19) Russell Metty (19) Swimmers (19) William Friedkin (19) Art of the 20th Century (18) James Bond (18) King Kong (18) Pasqualino De Santis (18) Divine (17) Erotic (17) George Platt Lynes (17) James Dean (17) Lon of New York (17) Bruce Weber (16) John Huston (16) John Waters (16) Slave (16) Fay Wray (15) Freddie Francis (15) Humphrey Bogart (15) Marisa Berenson (15) Peter Jackson (15) Tab Hunter (15) Elizabeth Taylor (14) Faye Dunaway (14) Figurative Paintings (14) Mary Astor (14) Metropolitan Museum of Art (14) Robert Redford (14) Rock Hudson (14) Rod Taylor (14) Stephen Boyd (14) Flesh (13) Giuseppe Rotunno (13) Movies of the 1950s (13) Sydney Pollack (13) Transgender (13) Artwork by Will Holub (12) Bruce Cabot (12) Dick Powell (12) Haskell Wexler (12) Martin Scorsese (12) Michael Ballhaus (12) Michael Curtiz (12) Movies of the 1960s (12) Nestor Almendros (12) Nicholas and Alexandra (12) Nicole Kidman (12) Anthony Perkins (11) Cecil B. 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Forster (7) Edith Wharton (7) Ewan McGregor (7) Frank DeMarco (7) George Folsey (7) Irving Rapper (7) Ismail Merchant (7) James Contner (7) James Ivory (7) James Wilby (7) Julianne Moore (7) Julie Andrews (7) Justin Bond (7) Lynn Redgrave (7) Mariangela Melato (7) Maurice (7) Movies of the 1970s (7) Now Voyager (7) Paul Dawson (7) Rupert Graves (7) Shortbus (7) Sook-Yin Lee (7) The Age of Innocence (7) The Birds (7) The Pillow Book (7) Tom Ford (7) Alex Pettyfer (6) Anthony Nicholls (6) Arthur Lonergan (6) Barbet Schroeder (6) Bruce Finlayson (6) Dolores del Rio (6) Dominic Savage (6) Edward Albee (6) Eve Arden (6) Fisher Stevens (6) Forbidden Planet (6) Fred M. Wilcox (6) Jack Carson (6) Jim O'Brien (6) John Loder (6) John Mathieson (6) Jude Law (6) Leonard Frey (6) Leslie Nielsen (6) Matthew Broderick (6) Michael Fassbender (6) Oscar Wilde (6) Rebel Without a Cause (6) Riccardo Salvino (6) Sergio Garfagnoli (6) Stephen Fry (6) Tilda Swinton (6) Truman Capote (6) Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? (6) Wilde (6) Movies of the 1930s (5) Photography by Will Holub 1976 (5) Woodstock (5) Frank Reicher (1) Except for original paintings and photographs by Will Holub, images appearing on this site are believed to be in the public domain, or are posted for the sole purposes of criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, or research, and not for commercial purposes, and are therefore permissible "fair use." 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__label__cc	0.685045	0.314955	Aladdin Old Series Hindi Dubbed Avengers Assemble Hindi Episodes Ben 10 Series Hindi Dubbed Big Hero 6 The Series Hindi Dubbed Chip n Dale Rescue Rangers Hindi Dubbed Courage the Cowardly Dog Hindi Episodes Dragon Ball Super Season 1 English Dubbed Ducktales Hindi Dubbed Hulk and the Agents of SMASH Hindi Episodes Iron Man Armored Adventures Hindi Dubbed Kong King of the Apes Hindi Dubbed Kung Fu Panda Legends of Awesomeness Hindi Dubbed Lost in Oz Hindi Dubbed Star vs the Forces of Evil Hindi Episodes Super Monsters Hindi Dubbed The Deep Hindi Episodes Transformers Hindi Episodes Animation Hindi Dubbed Home 300 MB Doraemon Nobita’s Diary Of The Creation Of The World Dual Audio 300MB Doraemon Nobita’s Diary Of The Creation Of The World Dual Audio 300MB Cartoon Kids Almighty Nobita ( のび太の創世日記 (Nobita no Genesis diary) Nobita no Sousei nikki ? Nghia: Diary AM (create) World (World) Nobita ) , also known as Lac in world taper polymerization film cartoon Doraemon 16th was released in Japan and was adapted into a comic . A science fiction film directed by Shibayama Tsutomu premiered in Japan on March 4, 1995 and distributed by Toho in VHS and DVD format. In addition, the film also has another name is Lac to the land of insects. Category: adventure, humor, fantasy. The opening song is ” Doraemon no Uta ( ドラえもんのうた, translated song of Doraemon ? ) By Satoko Yamano and the song ends” Sayonara ni Sayonara ( さよならにさよなら, translated goodbye goodbye ? ) By Kaientai presented. The story begins when Doraemon creates a virtual world: Earth Miniature – to help Nobita complete her scientific presentation. Nobita created a world that is as real as it is (animals, plants, insects, etc.). At the last minute, Nobita’s plans were broken when Jaian and Suneo joined the presentation. Nobita asks Shizuka to come along and the party returns to prehistoric times in the virtual world to visit. As soon as they arrived, they met some of the prehistoric children who looked like they were lost in the forest. The group helps the children return home and temporarily ends the tour. The next morning, Jaian and Suneo travel to Yozo Island so Nobita and Shizuka and Doraemon go ahead. This time they come to a village in ancient Japan . There they meet a sorcerer who is threatening the villagers when they arrest a girl who goes to the priesthood. Doraemon, Nobita, and Shizuka follow, and discover that there are no spirits but a centipedetwo huge heads. Nobita and Doraemon chase the centipede to save the girl. While chasing the centipede, Nobita is attacked by a group of insects. The story is temporarily forgotten right after that. The next time Nobita separated and went to find Nobina (Nobita’s grandfather). He helps Nobina overcome difficulties in life and overheard a world that is underground. The expedition ends, Nobita and Doraemon and Shizuka meet again and return to the real world. The next tour is still without the appearance of Jaian and Suneo. Doraemon, Nobita, and Shizuka went to Japan in the early 20th century. They participated in an Antarctic expedition to Antarctica led by Dr. Dekimatsu and Nobihide’s three-year-old Nobihide. Shizuyo secretary. Having arrived at the Antarctic expedition met a strange phenomenon when falling into a deep hole and penetrate into the heart of the Earth. A group of insectsStrangely speaking to Nobihide about his plans to attack the Earth. Now Nobita and his friends know this is the world of insects they have heard. Strangely enough, they met Jaian and Suneo were kidnapped by the son of world insect president Bitano to make his scientific presentation. Nobita convinced the president to come to a new place to live, which was the virtual world of Nobita’s “virtual mirror”. The president approves and the expedition returns safely. Doraemon Nobita’s Diary Of The Creation Of The World English and Hindi Dubbed, Doraemon Nobita’s Diary Of The Creation Of The World Dual Audio Download, Doraemon Nobita’s Diary Of The Creation Of The World Full HD Download, Doraemon Nobita’s Diary Of The Creation Of The World Hindi Dubbed Download, Doraemon Nobita’s Diary Of The Creation Of The World Eng-Hin Direct Download, Doraemon Nobita’s Diary Of The Creation Of The World Direct Download Link, Doraemon Nobita’s Diary Of The Creation Of The World Dual Audio English and Hindi Download, Doraemon Nobita’s Diary Of The Creation Of The World 300MB Download, Doraemon Nobita’s Diary Of The Creation Of The World 480P Download Dual Audio, Doraemon Nobita’s Diary Of The Creation Of The World 300MB 480P Dual Audio Download, Doraemon Nobita’s Diary Of The Creation Of The World 300MB Hindi Dubbed Download, Doraemon Nobita’s Diary Of The Creation Of The World Free Download Direct Link Hindi Dubbed, Doraemon Nobita’s Diary Of The Creation Of The World Download 720P Dual Audio English and Hindi Dubbed, Doraemon Nobita’s Diary Of The Creation Of The World Dual Audio 1080P HD Download, Movie Quality : 480P HEVC Movie Size : 165 MB Movie Language: Japanese and Hindi (Dual Audio) Previous articleDoraemon Nobita’s Diary Of The Creation Of The World Dual Audio HD Next articleDoraemon Nobita No Wan Nyan Jikuden Dual Audio Hd 720P Abominable 2019 480P English Maya The Bee The Honey Games 2018 480P WebDL English	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line228
__label__cc	0.709469	0.290531	Edwina Leapman Paintings 1978 - 2016 1 February–10 March 2018 Sea Blue on Grey Blue (2014) 122 x 152.5 cm (ref:El0552) Paintings 1978 - 2016, installation @ Annely Juda Fine Art (2018) (ref:2018 10) A Paler Violet (2013) 122 x 137 cm (ref:El0550) High Violet (2013) Warm Violet (2013) 61 x 66 cm (ref:El0547) Violet on Violet Brown (2014) Just Blue (2014) Untitled No.4 (1979) acrylic on linen Private View 1 February, 2018 \| 6 - 8pm Edwina Leapman and Annely Juda Fine Art have a long-standing history together, resulting in numerous solo shows since her first with the gallery in 1976. This exhibition brings together recent work with earlier paintings from the 1970’s and 80’s, highlighting Leapman’s move from the early monochromatic canvases to the more recent coloured paintings. The early works show pronounced lines that are rendered in thin transparent whites, whereas the later work contrasts broad colourful brushstrokes painted over contrasting base colours; ranging from shimmering blues to dark reds and purples. Guided by parallel lines, Leapman draws a brush across the canvas from left to right, thus the paint engages with the weave of the canvas with varying intensity and depth, resulting in her characteristic paintings with their rhythmic, resonating surfaces. Leapman originally worked figuratively and her early abstract works were a natural evolution from her exploration of Chinese landscapes coupled with her longstanding interest in music and the timely influence of Abstract Expressionism and Minimalism. Her attempts to portray music in painting resulted in an exploration beyond the representation of a musical performance to the underlying structure of the music itself; she wanted to explore sonority, both in music and painting, revealing their common harmonies and tones. Leapman asserts “Sonority is a word to describe a feeling that I would like to find, in painting as in music.” Implicit in her paintings, as in music, is the notion that colour, tone and light influence the emotions. Complementing this, the gallery space allows for a changing experience of Leapman’s paintings with the different conditions of light and space, juxtaposing early and recent works like the differing harmonies that find unity in a single piece of music. Edwina Leapman: Born in Hampshire in 1934 • Lives and works in London • Solo exhibitions throughout the UK and Europe including the Serpentine Gallery, London 1991 • Group exhibitions include the ICA, London; the Camden Arts Centre, London; Walker Art Gallery Liverpool, Hayward Gallery, London • Works are held in several major collections including the Tate Gallery and the Arts Council, London Download catalogue (PDF) January–February 1998 28 January–27 March 2010 28 February–28 March 2013 November–December 1993 21 February–6 April 2002 Thirty Years at Annely Juda Fine Art 18 January–25 February 2006	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line229
__label__cc	0.705174	0.294826	What is Answers From Big Issue? Artysans Café Posted by editor 28/05/2013 0 Comment 2217 views By Jenny McBain For teachers and others who work with young people, witnessing some of them slide into long term unemployment and homelessness is a bit like watching a disaster movie in slow motion. There are warning signs long before catastrophe strikes. However, poor outcomes need not be inevitable for anyone, according to Isobel Grigor who is the chief executive of the Calman Trust in Inverness. The trust runs a range of social enterprises geared at introducing young people into the world of work but they start by doing a thorough assessment of the young person’s needs. They offer support to all sorts of young people; not just those who are homeless or in difficulties. Rather, there is a recognition that many young people cannot thrive in the theoretical environment of a classroom. Isobel says, “We start by working out where they are and what they want to achieve. It is a dynamic and ongoing process. At the heart of our model is a focus on making sure the young person is ready for the challenge. If you miss out on that preparatory work and plant a young person into a work situation and expect them to sustain it, you are setting them up for failure.” Isobel is clearly at home in the bustling Artysans Café in Inverness city centre. So are the many customers. The staff are pleasant, friendly and well presented in smart uniforms and embroidered aprons and a delicious scent of freshly roasted coffee beans fills the air. This is where many of Calman’s protégées are serving out their apprenticeships. Isobel says, “This may look like a regular café but it is actually an accredited academy where people are training for Scottish Vocational Qualifications. We have deliberately styled Artysans as a professional venue so customers expect a level of service. This means our young workers can progress and walk into another job” All catering establishments have a sense of the theatrical but what goes on behind the scenes at Artysans is truly remarkable. Many of the young people were disenchanted by school and some have had to contend with a lack of family support and other potentially crippling personal problems or learning difficulties. So a high degree of nurturing and positivity is required. Isobel says, “Negative experiences in school create negative experiences in the head. Some young people begin to believe that it is their fault when things go wrong; that they are messed up. We need to challenge that narrative and response and encourage them to become more resilient so they are equipped to work through problems believing they can come out the other end.” Isobel is keen to emphasise that working in the café is just one step along a progressive pathway and a small part of a holistic process. In her opinion, those who are inspired to set up similar enterprises would be ill advised were they to simply open a business and expect young people to immediately step up to the mark. She describes the Artysan approach this way, “We need to ask ourselves if the young person is ready for work. There is a scarring effect of repeated failure and we want to avoid setting young people up to fail. We assess their readiness to progress and help them tackle problems. Some have a lack of knowledge about how to look after themselves and how to deal with money. With regards to housing, it is not just a question of finding accommodation; tenancies have to be sustained.” Not everyone is suited to the demanding rigours of front line catering. So, Made By Artysans has been set up to produce customised clothing, gift items and print orders. This strand of the business, alongside the café and an outside catering service currently provides the trust with around a fifth of its income. There are hopes that this will rise to around a third in the near future. The rest of the organisation’s running costs come from public sector funding, fees and private sources. Just as our coffee has been drunk down to the delicious dregs, employee Andrew Whitehouse comes over for a chat. Andrew, who is 20 years old, has now completed a Modern Apprenticeship and is a valued permanent employee who was winner of the “Young Shining Star Award” at the Highlands and Islands Food and Drinks Awards 2012. Having overcome a period of unemployment and embraced the opportunity to learn new skills while earning, he is now capable of organising a buffet for fifty people. He says, “At Artysans Café, it’s not just about making a latte or whatever. You don’t just learn skills, you learn about yourself and how to become part of a team. It gives you the confidence to work and be with other people. That translates into my personal life.” Isobel is equally positive about her chosen career as a social entrepreneur. She says, “There is something incredibly energising about being allowed to work in a job alongside other people who are growing and developing. Actually we are all busy doing that; none of us is the finished article.” www.artysans.org.uk AltGen Koestler Trust Write Your Comment Cancel Reply Ecological living Education + Training Online Journalism Training BEST of Broxstowe Hackney Pirates Generation Hackney Each One Teach One Shabby 2 Chic In memory of Richard Muzira Beyond Food Foundation Sanum Jain Great article and fantastic cause! … Ian Mackridge Innovative and Creative Project well done. … walentina What a great achievement they must be so proud wel … Abbe Pierre addiction Africa alcoholic Anna Mimms art Art gallery Arts Australia Ben Ramsden BESTBuild Beulah beyond food foundation Blue Sky Broxstowe Employment Skills and Training caledonian forests Cambridge care Community Cycle Hub drugs durham Edinburgh Environment Ex-offenders furniture recycling gangs Health homeless Homelessness inverness mental health mylifemysay Perth Photography Rehabilitation scotland Social enterprise Social Enterprise UK SOS St Giles Trust training ullapool work Working Rite Copyright © 2021 Answers From Big Issue. 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__label__wiki	0.614487	0.614487	Home / About / Executive / Club Magazine - Expressions / Awards / Collies & Herding / Performance Events / Collie History / Collie FAQ / Collie Rescue 2018 National Specialty Past Specialties Conformation/Performance Welcome to the Collie Club of Canada Established in 1980. In 1986 the first CCC National specialty was held in Winnipeg, Manitoba. Read more about the formation & direction of our Club in the About section. Membership in the Collie Club of Canada is open to any individual who is favourable to the objects of the club as written in the constitution and given below. The object of this club shall be to encourage the breeding of Collies, both rough and smooth; conforming to the Breed Standard; to promote and encourage the breeding of said Collies and the dissemination of knowledge regarding the same; to join with and as a member of the Canadian Kennel Club to define the Collie, both rough and smooth, and to promote the perfection of their defined standards; to encourage and foster dog shows, exhibitions and matches and to aid in securing favorable legislation. We welcome memberships from all over the world, however, voting privileges in the club are restricted to Canadian residents only. According to our current rules, people applying for membership must have a copy of the constitution, our bylaws and Code of Ethics to verify that they have read these when signing their application. To apply for membership, print out the application form and the constitution and forward them with the proper dues to appropriate Area Director. For memberships outside of Canada and the US, please mail or e-mail the membership chairperson at the address on the bottom of the membership form. © Copyright Collie Club of Canada, 2002 to present. All rights reserved - mlcDesign.ca	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line236
__label__cc	0.634641	0.365359	UC HEEDS ITS CRITICS, WILL LIMIT OUT-OF-STATERS FOR RELEASE: FRIDAY, MARCH 31, 2017, OR THEREAFTER After more than three years of steadfastly denying that increased enrollment of foreign and out-of-state students could endanger the very California identity of the University of California, it is stunning and encouraging to see the 10-campus system do an about face. That’s the upshot of two moves made by the university’s Board of Regents, who voted overwhelmingly last fall to increase in-state enrollment at the elite university by 10,000 in-staters before the 2018-2019 school year. The increase will come in increments of 5,000 next fall and 2,500 students each of the next two academic years, the gradual process needed as new quarters are built for the larger student body. Regents took their second step in late winter, setting a 20 percent systemwide cap on students from outside California. The two-prong approach is a direct response to political pressure applied by parents of students with stellar grades who nevertheless have had problems getting admitted to UC campuses of their choice. The second step is more of a reassurance to parents and students than an actual reduction, since UC as this term began – at an all-time peak in out-of-state enrollment – had 34,673 out-of-staters on campus out of 210,170 undergraduates, or 16.5 percent of the student body. A state audit last year showed non-resident enrollment was up 432 percent over the last 10 years, while in-state enrollment had risen just 10 percent. But the out-of-state load often seems much higher than that because those students – especially foreign students – are concentrated on UC’s most desired and prestigious campuses at Berkeley, Los Angeles and San Diego, all of which enroll more than 20 percent from outside the state. How effective was parental and student political pressure? Put simply, money eventually talked to UC officials. The university system conceded for years that one reason it takes so many out-of-staters is that they pay far more tuition than in-staters: about $27,000 a year more, a total of about $550 million in the last academic year. This money helped the university to some extent in compensating for a series of budget cuts inflicted during the years of Govs. Gray Davis and Arnold Schwarzenegger, both of whom claimed to support education, but consistently tightened UC’s purse-strings. This meant less construction of everything from laboratories to dormitories and sometimes interfered with recruiting of elite faculty, who could get higher salary offers elsewhere. But in recent months, state legislators have pressured the university to favor California admissions more, or pay a price. They offered $18.5 million in financial incentives if UC allowed in more Californians and capped its non-resident enrollment. That’s just what the Regents have now done, and they should soon reap the benefits. All this will not reduce the quality of competition for spots at UC, especially its best-known campuses. UCLA, for example, last spring became the first American university receiving more than 100,000 applications for spots in its fall class. The campus added 1,000 Californians this year, but still has three times as many non-resident students as it had just nine years ago. The 1,000-student in-state increase helped rectify a 4 percent drop of in-state students over the last nine years. But overall, the gains of out-of-staters will not be reversed anytime soon, even while the needs of many more solid California high school graduates are met. UC might need somehow to convince more foreign students and students from Eastern states to enroll at campuses like Riverside and Merced and Santa Cruz, which now have relatively few out-of-staters. But their overall number will not drop, nor will their financial support, which officials say was critical as the university system maintained most of its high standards while state funding dropped during the Great Recession. The upshot of all this is that the outrage of California parents who watched for years while their children met every requirement for UC admission – and still didn’t get in – has produced results. It’s one of the rare times in recent memory that legislators and other top state officials actually heeded their constituents. There’s always hope this might lead to more responsiveness by those same officials in other areas ranging from utility regulation to highway maintenance and more. Elias is author of the current book “The Burzynski Breakthrough: The Most Promising Cancer Treatment and the Government's Campaign to Squelch It,” now available in an updated third edition. His email address is tdelias@aol.com Posted by California Focus at 8:35 AM Labels: 2017, March 31 TEACHER QUALIFICATIONS, NOT EVALUATIONS, MAY BE ED... PG&E’S UNPRECEDENTED CHUTZPAH PAYS OFF REAL ESTATE PRICES DRIVING MOVES FROM STATE UNHEEDED WARNINGS PAST AND FUTURE – AND THEIR BIG ... FARMERS AMONG THOSE FEARING IMMIGRATION RAIDS DEBATE RAGES: DID REFORMS CAUSE COP-KILLING? TIME FOR A SANE SANCTUARY CITY COMPROMISE CONGRESS HIT LISTS WON’T CHANGE MUCH DESAL LOSES URGENCY IN HYPER-WET WINTER	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line240
__label__wiki	0.502068	0.502068	Get Chance from Amazon.com Order our Chance Short Guide Literary Precedents Chance Movies & Media Adaptations This Study Guide consists of approximately 15 pages of chapter summaries, quotes, character analysis, themes, and more - everything you need to sharpen your knowledge of Chance. This section contains 95 words Some Spenser novels have been adapted to film for television—notably Promised Land and Pale Kings and Princes (1987; about a Massachusetts town taken over by drug dealers, and notable for starring Barbara Williams as Susan)—and the novels also inspired the 1985-1988 television show with Robert Urich, Avery Brooks, and varying female leads (Barbara Stock, Carolyn McCormick). But the only adaptation of Chance is a Burt Reynolds audiotape version, in which Reynolds does an impressive job with the variety of voices and accents in Chance, particularly Hawk and the Boston mobsters. More summaries and resources for teaching or studying Chance. Chance from Gale. ©2005-2006 Thomson Gale, a part of the Thomson Corporation. All rights reserved.	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line245
__label__cc	0.688794	0.311206	Home Press Exquisite venues for dazzling events at Downtown Dubai Exquisite venues for dazzling events at Downtown Dubai Source: www1.albawaba.com At the heart of Dubai’s growing international stature as a tourist destination is the inimitable showcase of lifestyle events that the city hosts. Every weekend brings to the city a renowned celebrity; every working day witnesses global launch events; and every day is a reason for celebration – a corporate get-together, a wedding, a birthday. Now, Dubai has four unique choices for any event of substance; destinations that will bring a new dimension to get-togethers and to the joy of bonding. The four venues – all located in Downtown Dubai, the new heart of the city – are in close proximity to Burj Khalifa, the world’s tallest building, and offer a spectacular ambience set against The Dubai Fountain, the world’s tallest performing fountain that sways to rhythmic music. Burj Park, Burj Khalifa Steps, Burj Plaza and Emaar Boulevard are now all set to host events – from massive concerts for thousands of fans to elegant corporate gatherings to high-end catwalk fashion shows, in customized settings. “Events are the lifeline of Dubai’s tourism and entertainment sector,” says Mr Ahmad Al Matrooshi, Managing Director, Emaar Properties. “The choice of the venue can often be the deciding factor in the success of any event. Conveniently located in the heart of the city, the four venues in Downtown Dubai are natural extensions of the lifestyle differential offered by Emaar.” Set by the lake that is central to the Downtown Dubai community and overlooking Burj Khalifa, the Burj Park is an island venue that hosted the opening of the world’s tallest building, bringing together thousands of high-profile guests from around the world. The lush green and immaculately manicured 11,300 sq m lawns of Burj Park offer a sprawling venue with a granite walkway, spacious enough to set up grand-stands making it perfect for large-scale outdoor events. There are three bridges over the lake offering easy access to the venue. Burj Khalifa Steps is an innovative amphitheatre style venue that sweeps down from Burj Khalifa opening to majestic views of The Dubai Fountain. With an area of 4,560 sq m, this is an exceptional venue for a range of uniquely themed events. From concerts to corporate get-togethers or an unforgettable family celebration, this is where you can make a real impression. Burj Plaza is a smaller outdoor venue with direct views of The Dubai Fountain, and set by Burj Park. Offering an area of 3,430 sq m, the settings in Burj Plaza, like the other two venues, can be customized to host anything from a corporate gala or product launch to a birthday party. Emaar Boulevard, by contrast, offers a sweeping 3.5 km expanse that will be ideal for exhibitions, shows and parades, as highlighted by the success of the Downtown Dubai Classic Car Show hosted annually by Emaar. The 70-metre wide boulevard is billed to be among the best in the world, and winds down the Downtown community. Described as the crème la de crème of Dubai’s lifestyle communities, Downtown Dubai is home to The Dubai Mall, the world’s largest shopping and entertainment destination hosting more than 37 million visitors in the first year of operation. Souk Al Bahar is an Arabesque shopping destination offering the touch-and-feel of a traditional souk in a modern setting. Six world-class hotels – Armani Hotel Dubai, The Address Downtown Dubai, The Address Dubai Mall, The Palace – The Old Town, Al Manzil and Qamardeen – add to the lifestyle quotient of the community. © 2010 Al Bawaba (www.albawaba.com) Ahmad Al Matrooshi Burj Khalifa Steps burj plaza Emaar Boulevard Previous articleDubai Fountains to the music of “Time To Say Goodbye” by Sarah Brightman & Andrea Bocelli Next articleDubai has 2,000 owners’ associations: Cluttons Hotel apartment guests surge 12% Mixed outlook for hotel recovery in Egypt WTA highlights success of Greek tourism	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line248
__label__wiki	0.664841	0.664841	corporate-sellout.com Site Tech 3D Adi Granov Advertising Airports Alan Moore Alex Ross Al Feldstein Alice Cooper Amazon AMD Android Apple Archie Arguing on the Internet Art Spiegelman Astro City Audiobooks Avengers B-Movies b2evolution Bad Movies Batman Beatles Beer Benedict Cumberbatch Full Archives... 3D Adi Granov Advertising Airports Alan Moore Alex Ross Al Feldstein Alice Cooper Amazon AMD Android Apple Archie Arguing on the Internet Art Spiegelman Astro City Audiobooks Avengers B-Movies b2evolution Bad Movies Batman Beatles Beer Benedict Cumberbatch Ben Edlund Bill Finger Bill Gaines Bill Schelly BioWare Writing Contest Birthday Black Panther Bob Dylan Bob Kane Bones Boondocks Brent Anderson Brian K Vaughan Brian Wood Bruce Timm Bryan Hitch Bush Carmine Infantino Cellular Telephones Censorship Tag: DRM Where Will the PC Go? -- Part 4: SaaS 2015-10-27, 3:21 pm Categories: Games, Stream of Consciousness, Tech So, per the last couple of posts, I find it entirely possible that, as vendors develop tablets that double as PC's, they may replace traditional desktop and laptop computers. For the common end user who just needs a web browser and (maybe) an office suite, I don't think that's going to be a tough sell. But there are markets that rely heavily on more powerful computing hardware. One is PC gamers. Others are the various types of media creators: people who create images, music, movies. I've already mentioned dumb terminals and software as a service (SaaS) as a major current trend, with programs like Google Docs running in a browser and working as an effective substitute for traditional locally-run programs like Microsoft Word. Of course, a word processor is one thing; an enterprise-quality photo editor is another, and a game requiring split-second timing is something else again. But developers are working on it. Last year Adobe released a limited beta of a streaming version of Photoshop for ChromeOS. Photoshop itself doesn't run in the browser; the app is a Remote Desktop shell that interacts with an instance of the Windows version of Photoshop running on a remote server. So, by definition, this is no replacement for the Windows version of Photoshop -- because it is the Windows version of Photoshop. But it demonstrates a potentially compelling alternative to buying expensive, high-end hardware just to run Photoshop: what if you could buy cheap hardware, and pay a subscription fee to run Photoshop on someone else's expensive hardware? Reactions to the ChromeOS version of Photoshop seemed generally positive; I would expect it to have some latency issues, but I also bet it runs faster on a remote server than it did on the Core 2 I had to use at GoDaddy. (Hey, when I said the Core 2 Duo was the last chip most users ever needed, I said I wasn't including Photoshop.) Adobe has already moved Photoshop's licensing to a subscription model instead of a purchase model. (A lot of people are very angry about this, but I haven't heard anything to suggest it's led to a drop in "sales"; that's the thing about monopolies.) It's not hard to envision a transition to a subscription model where you run the program remotely instead of locally. Hell, they could even charge more money to give you access to faster servers. Other media development suites could, potentially, move to streaming services, but there are caveats. Uploading raw, uncompressed digital audio and video files takes a lot more time than uncompressed images. And what about storing your source files? My grandmother puts together home movies on her iMac, and she's got terabytes of data going back some 15 years. That's the kind of storage requirement an amateur filmmaker can rack up; now think of how much somebody who does it for a living might wind up with. If you're renting storage space on an external server, on a month-to-month basis, that could get pretty costly. But it's technically feasible, at least, that audio and video editing could be performed on a remote server. Recording audio is another story. Anything more complex than a simple, single-track voice recording is still going to require specialized mixing hardware. And transferring your recording to a remote server in real-time, without lossy compression? You'd better be sitting on fiber. So I think we can put "recording studios" -- even the home-office variety, like mine -- into the category of Stuff That's Not Going Anywhere for Awhile. Moving games to a streaming system is a challenge -- but I'm not sure it's as big a challenge as recording studios. It's more or less the same requirement as Photoshop: take simple inputs from a human interface device, send them to a server, have the server run them and respond accordingly, stream the video output back to the client. The trick is managing to do that in real-time with minimal loss of audio and video quality. That's the challenge -- but engineers are working on it. The OnLive streaming service was a failure, but Sony bought it out; it sees value there. nVidia's got its own streaming solution too, in GRID. One of these things is not like the other -- Sony sells consoles at a loss and would stand to benefit from selling cheaper hardware, while nVidia makes a ton of money selling expensive graphics cards to enthusiasts and surely doesn't want to cannibalize its own market -- but obviously there's more than one type of gamer, and the people who shell out over $300 for a graphics card are in the minority. Now, as minorities go, high-end PC gamers are still a pretty sizable minority; it's still a multibillion-dollar industry. But it's a fraction of the console gaming business, and it's expected to be surpassed by mobile gaming by the end of this year. Like the PC industry as a whole, it's still big and it's still growing, but it's growing a lot slower than other sectors and could be facing a long-term threat from new platforms. Switching to a streaming platform could have a lot of appeal to game publishers; it combines the simplicity of developing for consoles with the superior hardware capabilities of the PC. Think about the possibility of developing for the latest and greatest hardware, but only for a single specific hardware build. It would also, at long last, produce a form of DRM that could actually work. While the industry has tried many, many copy protection schemes over the years, all of them are, sooner or later (and usually sooner), crackable. And there's a simple, logical reason for this: no matter what you do to encrypt the data of your program, you have to give the computer the means to decrypt it, or it won't work. No matter where or how you hide the key, if you give it to your users sooner or later they're going to find it. But that's only true if the software is running on their computer. If the binary data is never copied to their hard drive, never stored in their memory, if the program is actually stored and run on a remote server somewhere and all the client has access to is a program that takes inputs and streams audio and video? Well, then there's no way they can copy the game, unless they actually break into your servers. (Which, given Sony's history with Internet security, might not actually be so hard.) I am not saying this is a good thing; in fact, I consider it something of a nightmare scenario. Consider every problem you've ever had with an online or digitally-distributed game. Now think of what it would look like if every game had those issues. Not just latency, lag, server outages, and losing your progress every time your Internet connection goes out. Consider that if a game is no longer profitable, they'll pull the plug. If a developer loses a license, the game(s) associated with it will go away. (Was GoldenEye ever released on Virtual Console? I don't think it was.) If a game gets updated and you liked the old version better, too bad. And remember when Nintendo ended its partnership with GameSpy and killed all the online multiplayer features of every Wii and DS game ever made? Imagine an entire generation's worth of games not working at all anymore, online or otherwise. Even though you paid for them. Now, there's recent evidence that a strategy like this would fail. The Xbox One is still reeling from customer backlash against early plans to restrict used-game sales and require an always-on Internet connection even for single-player games, even though those plans were never even implemented. On the other hand, there's evidence that even a wildly unpopular strategy could still succeed. Have you ever heard anyone who doesn't work for EA praise the Origin distribution service (or whatever the fuck they're calling it now)? I know I haven't, but people still use it. Because if you want to play Mass Effect 3 or Dragon Age: Inquisition , your only choices are consoles, Origin, and piracy. And then there are examples that could go either way: Ubisoft continued to use DRM that required an always-on Internet connection for about two years, from 2010 to 2012, before finally giving in to market backlash. It's hard to say how existing high-end PC gamers would react if the major publishers tried to force a transition toward streaming games -- or whether high-end PC gamers will continue to be a big enough market for the major publishers to care what they think. But for the foreseeable future, I think PC gaming will continue on much the same as it has for the past 15 years. There could be major changes on the horizon, but I sure don't see them happening in the next 10 years. Then again, five years ago I was saying there was no way that streaming video would outpace Blu-Ray because there was just no way to stream 1080p video over a home Internet connection. So keep that in mind before trusting any predictions I make. Tags: Digital Distribution, DRM, EA, Google, Microsoft, Nintendo, nVidia, Sony Stuff On Screens Categories: Books, Stream of Consciousness, Tech Yesterday I ran across two 2013 articles about books, literacy, and libraries in the Guardian , one by Neil Gaiman and the other by Susan Cooper. The Gaiman one is excellent, but I was disappointed by Cooper's, partly because it digresses substantially from its point, but mostly because of a couple of paragraphs I can't stop thinking about. She starts off quoting a talk she gave in 1990: "We – teachers, librarians, parents, authors – have a responsibility for the imagination of the child. I don't mean we have to educate it – you can't do that, any more than you can teach a butterfly how to fly. But you can help the imagination to develop properly, and to survive things that may threaten it: like the over-use of computers and everything I classify as SOS, Stuff on Screens. I do realize that the Age of the Screen has now replaced the Age of the Page. But on all those screens there are words, and in order to linger in the mind, words still require pages. We are in grave danger of forgetting the importance of the book." All that was 23 years ago and it's all still true. The screens have just grown smaller, and multiplied. In America, there are already a few digital schools, which have no books, not even in the library. And in schools across America, so many children now work on laptops or tablet computers that cursive handwriting is no longer being taught. Maybe that's also happening here. I suppose that's not the end of the world; lots of authors write their first drafts on a computer, though I'm certainly not one of them. But there's something emblematic about handwriting, with its direct organic link between the imagining brain and the writing fingers. Words aren't damaged by technology. But what about the imagination? I am not a luddite. I've written screenplays for small and large screens. I love my computer. But as you can tell, this last author of the weekend is offering an unashamed plea for words on pages, for the small private world of a child curled up with a book, his or her imagination in direct communication with the imagination of the person who wrote the words on the page. I have a great deal of respect for Ms. Cooper. The Dark is Rising Sequence meant a lot to me when I was a kid. And I absolutely agree with her premise that books and libraries are vital and that we must continue to treasure, support, and protect them, even in an increasingly digital world. But her handwringing about Kids Today and their Screens just strikes me as a bunch of Old Person Nonsense. At least she acknowledges that the decline of cursive is no big deal. I heard my aunt bemoan the lack of cursive education in schools recently. My response was, "What the hell do kids need to know cursive for?" It's harder to read than print, it's (at least for me) harder and slower to write than print, and in the twenty-first century it's about as essential a communication skill as Latin. It may be an interesting subject to study, but it's hardly a necessary one. In sixth grade, I had two teachers who wouldn't let us submit typed papers. Everything had to be written in ink, in cursive. One of them even had the gall to justify this restriction by saying "This is how adults communicate." Well, it's twenty-one years later, and you know what? I can't think of a single time in my adult life that I've ever written anything in cursive. I don't even sign my name in cursive. You know what I, as an adult, do use to communicate, each and every single day of my life? A goddamn computer. I'm a Millennial. At least, I think I am; nobody seems to agree on just what the fuck a Millennial is, exactly. But consensus seems to be that I'm on the older end of the Millennial Generation, and I certainly seem to fit a lot of the generalizations people make about Millennials. I've been online since I was six years old (though I didn't have a smartphone until I was almost 30); I grew up with Stuff on Screens. And that means I read a lot. As far as Stuff on Screens and literacy, I'm inclined to agree with Randall Munroe: I'd like to find a corpus of writing from children in a non-self-selected sample (e.g. handwritten letters to the president from everyone in the same teacher's 7th grade class every year)--and score the kids today versus the kids 20 years ago on various objective measures of writing quality. I've heard the idea that exposure to all this amateur peer practice is hurting us, but I'd bet on the generation that conducts the bulk of their social lives via the written word over the generation that occasionally wrote book reports and letters to grandma once a year, any day. Millennials read all the time, and we write all the time. And that promotes the hell out of literacy, no matter how goddamn annoying it is to see somebody spell the word "you" with only one letter. Per Cooper's contention that people experience a closer kind of bond with words on paper than words on screens, research indicates that this distinction is decreasing as more and more people become accustomed to screens. Via Scientific American : Since at least the 1980s researchers in many different fields—including psychology, computer engineering, and library and information science—have investigated such questions in more than one hundred published studies. The matter is by no means settled. Before 1992 most studies concluded that people read slower, less accurately and less comprehensively on screens than on paper. Studies published since the early 1990s, however, have produced more inconsistent results: a slight majority has confirmed earlier conclusions, but almost as many have found few significant differences in reading speed or comprehension between paper and screens. And recent surveys suggest that although most people still prefer paper—especially when reading intensively—attitudes are changing as tablets and e-reading technology improve and reading digital books for facts and fun becomes more common. In the U.S., e-books currently make up between 15 and 20 percent of all trade book sales. Now, there are ways in which physical books are superior to digital ones. One is DRM. DRM is a blight; it is a threat to libraries, to academia, to preservation, and to the very concept of ownership. But it's also optional. Its not an inherent part of ebooks; it's bullshit added to them by assholes. And I suspect that, within a generation, it will be gone, just as music DRM has been gone for about a decade now. There's one more case where paper books are superior to digital ones: pictures. I've already spoken at length about comic books shrunk to fit a 10" screen, as well as the color problems that can arise when they're not printed on the same paper stock they were designed for. The same goes for picture books, art books, photo books; for magazines whose layouts are designed for the printed page. When you put these things on a small screen, you do lose something tangible (and if you put them on a large screen, you lose portability). On the other hand, I've currently got some 173 books and 362 comics on a 10" rectangle that fits in my backpack, and that is amazing. People carry libraries in their pockets now. That's not a threat to literacy, it's a boon -- so long as voters and politicians understand that these portable libraries are not meant to replace the traditional kind, but to supplement them. But for people who love books -- at least, people of my generation who love books -- it's not an either-or question. It's not "Should I read paper books, or digital ones?" It's "Holy shit, look at all the books I have access to, and all the different ways I can read them!" The first iPhone was released in 2007. It's too early to gauge what long-term effects, nationally or internationally, the smartphone revolution will have on literacy and reading habits. But I'm more inclined to agree with Munroe than Cooper: a generation that's reading and writing all the time is going to be better at reading and writing than one that isn't. Even if you think they're doing it wrong. An angry hat tip to Scott Sharkey, who used to handwrite blog posts, which gave me the utterly terrible idea for this time-consuming pain-in-the-ass of a post. (Granted, I'm pretty sure he had the good sense never to do it with a six-page essay with working links.) Also, the part where I printed an image and then re-scanned it is kind of like something this one angry lady on a My Little Pony fan site did once. (And yes, I'm aware that I forgot to use blue pencil for the Scientific American link. I am not going back and redoing it. That's the thing about writing stuff out on paper: it's kinda tough to add formatting to something after you've already written it.) Tags: Cellular Telephones, Digital Distribution, DRM, Language, Susan Cooper, Things I Probably Won't Be Doing Again, xkcd Image Goes DRM-Free Categories: Comics, Politics, Stream of Consciousness, Tech Yesterday Image Comics announced that it's going to start selling digital comics from its own site, independent of third-party distributors, in standard formats and DRM-free. There are a lot of reasons for Image to pursue a DRM-free option. Chief is that DRM doesn't fucking work and anyone who wants to get the latest issue of The Walking Dead illegally can get it whether Comixology's version has DRM or not. Second is that this rampant piracy of The Walking Dead has somehow failed to prevent it from being a sprawling multimedia bestseller. But I think what really precipitated this decision isn't The Walking Dead at all -- it's Saga . More specifically, Saga #12 and its asinine, albeit temporary, ban from the iOS version of Comixology. I wrote about the story back in April. Gist is this: Saga #12 was an arguably-slightly-dirtier comic in an inarguably-already-pretty-dirty series; Comixology decided not to sell it in the iOS version of their app out of a reasonable but, it turns out, false presumption that it would run afoul of Apple's vague, capricious, and arbitrary content guidelines. In a nutshell, it was an object lesson in the one thing DRM actually is good for: locking publishers into a single distributor who may not always have their best interests at heart. You know, for those who needed an object lesson because they were too busy scratching their balls to notice how this exact thing caused a problem for the music industry and then later for the book industry. But hey, it may have taken Image awhile, but this still puts them way the fuck ahead of all the other major publishers, and they absolutely deserve praise and encouragement for doing the right thing. And they deserve your business for it. Only problem is, it's still early days and the Digital Comics section is looking a little sparse. I'll plan on coming back with links when my favorite Image books are available -- those'd be the aforementioned Walking Dead and Saga , plus Chew and Prophet , off the top of my head. This is good news, and I hope and expect it will be just the first step in the comics industry realizing what the music industry already has and the book industry is starting to: that standards-compliant, DRM-free formats aren't just better for consumers, they're better for publishers, too. Tags: Digital Distribution, DRM, Image, Saga, Walking Dead Peter Moore Gives a Master Class in Bullshit Internet "Debate" Categories: Games, Politics, Stream of Consciousness, Tech Yesterday, in a discussion about bullshit argument tactics employed by corporate mouthpieces defending bad policies, I quoted a bit of EA COO Peter Moore's asinine response to his company's commanding lead in the Consumerist 's annual Worst Company in America survey. I picked one particular bullet point, but really the entire thing is an amazing example of what I'm talking about. Logical fallacies piled on top of terrible metaphors wrapped in insults to the reader's intelligence. I think the whole piece really deserves a going-over, piecemeal. The tallest trees catch the most wind. That's an expression I frequently use when asked to defend EA's place in the gaming industry. You know, I used to live in a house that had a tall tree out back. It's true that it caught a lot of wind. It's also true that that wind made it pretty fucking hazardous. One time during a storm, one of its branches broke off and smashed through a block in our fence. We were lucky it just hit the fence by the alley, and not power lines or our roof or our neighbors'. You know how it got so tall? By digging around in shit. Its roots grew down through our sewage pipes. The place had serious plumbing problems for years and years. Finally, before we moved out, my roommate (the owner of the house) had the tree taken out. Then he dug a trench in the backyard, and had the pipes replaced. The long day of digging coupled with the exposure to sewage made him seriously ill. So, you know, "The tallest trees catch the most wind" is one way of putting it. Another way is, the tallest trees are dangerous, expensive, and may leave you covered in shit and physically ill. And it comes to mind again this week as we get deeper into the brackets of an annual Web poll to name the "Worst Company in America." This is the same poll that last year judged us as worse than companies responsible for the biggest oil spill in history, I'ma stop you right there, Pete. I mean, nice weaseling on the plural there, but you're talking about BP. I wonder why British Petroleum didn't win the Worst Company in America poll. the mortgage crisis, and bank bailouts that cost millions of taxpayer dollars. Now, here Moore makes what may be the only reasonable point in this entire piece. And that's, yes, it is fucking ridiculous to suggest that EA's the worst company in America. It's not even in the running. EA may be terrible, but anyone who tells you it's the worst company in America is stupid, lying, or both. The complaints against us last year were our support of SOPA (not true), Moore is technically correct here, but it's a bit misleading. According to techdirt, Sony, Nintendo, and EA never actually endorsed SOPA -- but they did sign on to a letter from the Global IP Center that suggested something a whole lot like SOPA. and that they didn't like the ending to Mass Effect 3. Yeah. That's why people are calling EA the worst company in America. That and they hate gay people. But I'm getting ahead of myself. This year's contest started in March with EA outpolling a company which organizers contend is conspiring to corner the world market on mid-priced beer, and (gulp) allegedly waters down its product. That debate takes place in bars -- our audience lives on the Internet. So no surprise that we drew more votes there. Let me cut to the chase: it appears EA is going to "win." Like the Yankees, Lakers and Manchester United, EA is one of those organizations that is defined by both a legacy of success, and a legion of critics (especially me regarding all three of those teams). Again, Moore makes a fair point that there's an echo chamber here. The kind of person who hates EA is exactly the same kind of person who likes to game stupid online popularity contests. EA keeps getting voted the worst company in America for the same reason that Time 's list of the most influential people in the world spells out "KJU GAS CHAMBERS". But once again Moore brings up an analogy that maybe works on a level besides the one he intended. Because hey, Pete -- when people say they don't like Kobe Bryant, maybe it's not just because he's so goddamn good at basketball. Are we really the "Worst Company in America?" I'll be the first to admit that we've made plenty of mistakes. These include server shut downs too early, games that didn't meet expectations, missteps on new pricing models and most recently, severely fumbling the launch of SimCity . We owe gamers better performance than this. Moore may be willing to admit EA's made mistakes, but sure doesn't seem to keen on acknowledging what those mistakes actually are. Watch him trotting out the company line that the problem with the SimCity launch was that they didn't implement its always-on requirement correctly, not that the always-on requirement was the mistake. Some of these complaints are 100 percent legitimate -- like all large companies we are not perfect. But others just don't hold water: Many continue to claim the Always-On function in SimCity is a DRM scheme. It's not. People still want to argue about it. We can't be any clearer -- it's not. Period. Oh boy, now we're getting into the real nutmeat of the bullshit here. I covered this one yesterday, but to review: Yeah, it is a DRM scheme. It's the same kind of crap EA pulled with Spore 's periodic authentication and the stories about players being denied access to legally-purchased copies of Dragon Age 2 for criticizng EA on messageboards, cranked up to 11. The always-on connection is not required to play the game, so why the fuck is it there if not as a DRM scheme? Which brings us to: Even if it weren't DRM, it would still be a terrible fucking idea that prevented people from playing a game they paid for. In fact, if it's not intended as DRM, then EA is even stupider, because they stuck an always-online requirement into a game that didn't need it for no reason instead of for a stupid reason. And finally: If you follow up the phrase "We can't be any clearer" with an argument that is literally just a slight paraphrase of "Nuh-uh!", maybe you should hire some people who can be clearer. Some claim there's no room for Origin as a competitor to Steam. 45 million registered users are proving that wrong. Okay, first of all, who is claiming that? The problem isn't that Steam couldn't use a little competition. The problem is that Origin is a system whereby people's ability to play their legally-purchased games is contingent on whether or not a forum mod somewhere gets pissed off at something they say. Or possibly just gets pissed off when they ask Amazon for tech support. Anyway, I'll get on the "45 million people can't be wrong!" fallacy in a minute. You had a little more mileage you wanted to wring out of it first? Some people think that free-to-play games and micro-transactions are a pox on gaming. Tens of millions more are playing and loving those games. Well, Mr. Moore, since you're the one who brought up banks and oil companies, let's talk about that for a minute. A shitload of people still buy gas from BP and keep their money in Chase banks. Enough to make your "45 million" brag look like loose change in the ashtray of the car they're filling up with BP gas using their Chase credit card. And hell, speaking of ashtrays? Hundreds of millions of people are smoking and loving cigarettes, too. Does that mean everyone who thinks lung cancer is bad must be wrong? We've seen mailing lists that direct people to vote for EA because they disagree with the choice of the cover athlete on Madden NFL. Yes, really... I don't doubt it. The Internet is a big place. You can find someone who will say absolutely any kind of dumbass thing. This particular rhetorical tactic is a close cousin of the strawman, with the added benefit that it allows people to act indignant when accused of invoking a strawman. "It's not a strawman! A guy totally said it!" All you have to do is point to the craziest person you can possibly find and pretend he's a representative example of everyone who disagrees with you, and presto!, you can just ignore all the people making well-reasoned and -informed arguments! In the past year, we have received thousands of emails and postcards protesting against EA for allowing players to create LGBT characters in our games. This week, we're seeing posts on conservative web sites urging people to protest our LGBT policy by voting EA the Worst Company in America. That last one is particularly telling. If that's what makes us the worst company, bring it on. Because we're not caving on that. I love that one. Seriously, it is a really tough call whether my favorite part of that bulleted list is the "It's not. Period." part, or the part where Moore straight-up implies that if you don't like EA, it's because you hate gay people. On a related note: can anyone name an EA game that allows you to play as a gay character that isn't made by a subsidiary that was letting you play as gay characters before EA bought it? We are committed to fixing our mistakes. Over the last three weeks, 900,000 SimCity players took us up on a free game offer for their troubles. We owed them that. Ah yes, that would be one of the small, arbitrary selection of free games you made available, of which Ars Technica said: It's a curious mix of titles, not least because only one of the games is likely to have any particular appeal to SimCity players: SimCity 4 . And even that is an odd choice. Many SimCity players already own--and love--the old game, and many regard it as the benchmark against which all city-building games (including the new one) are judged. The problem is that those comparisons aren't necessarily favorable to the new game. Seeing Warfighter on the list, one wonders if EA wants to be hated even more than it currently is. The game is a stinker. But back to Moore: We're constantly listening to feedback from our players, through our Customer Experience group, Twitter, this blog, or other sites. The feedback is vital, and impacts the decisions we make. If you were listening to feedback, you would have cut this shit out after the Spore backlash. Or the Dragon Age 2 backlash. Or the Battlefield 3 backlash. Or the every single fucking game on Origin backlash. Or the other Battlefield 3 backlash. Or or or windy trees! Windy treeeeeeeeeeeeeeees! But Mr. Moore, you've made yourself abundantly clear: EA does not give a fuck how many of its customers are dissatisfied, all it cares about is how many of its customers are still happily paying money for its games. As long as games like Spore and SimCity are bestsellers, EA has no incentive whatsoever to back off its terrible, anti-consumer policies. ...and after that there are two more paragraphs of Moore pretty much saying exactly that, another vague "we can do better" that doesn't actually acknowledge what they've done wrong, and a restatement of the thesis because Peter Moore learned in high school English that you're supposed to close an essay by restating the thesis. Fuck it, you get the idea, I don't need to go on. Tags: Arguing on the Internet, Corporate Greed, DRM, EA, LGBT, Shitty Analogies, Thadecdotes Continuing from Friday's post about a Microsoft employee's total disdain for Microsoft customers' concern about the next Xbox's rumored always-on requirement: Image via Quickmeme. My Internet connection went down while I was trying to find it. I'm not kidding. That's the crux of it, isn't it? From a consumer standpoint, there is no benefit to an always-on requirement. Now, people may try to obfuscate this point. They may list off all the benefits of an always-on option. And there are some! Cloud saves are pretty cool! So's online multiplayer! Having those things as options is great! Making them mandatory, for all games, is not. And therein lies the disingenuousness of the argument. EA COO Peter Moore recently shared this gem: As difficult as it is to argue with the unassailable logic that is "It's not. Period.", there are two problems here: It's clearly DRM. Even if it weren't DRM, it would still be legitimately terrible game design. This is one more case where a company representative is deliberately obfuscating the difference between a nice option and a good requirement. The idea of an entire world of SimCities interacting with one another? That does sound pretty great! It's really a neat idea! Is it integral to the gameplay? Well, Peter Moore will tell you it is. Because Peter Moore is paid to tell you it is. But it's turned out to be trivial to modify the game for offline play, and quite a lot of people have noted that the game plays just fine that way. The interaction with other players and cities is a nice option -- but it's not required to enjoy the game. Indeed, it proved a pretty fucking considerable detriment to customers enjoying the game. So beware this argument tactic -- "[X] is a good requirement to have, because of [features that could be implemented without making it a requirement]." And its close cousin, "DRM is a benefit to the end user, because of [features that could be implemented without using DRM]." DRM is never a benefit to the end user. No end user has ever said, "You know, this game is great, but it would be better if it had DRM." Similarly, as the image above so succinctly notes, nobody has ever said "You know, offline games are great, but I sure wish they were as unreliable as online games." Tags: Arguing on the Internet, Corporate Greed, DRM, EA, Fanboys, Game Hacks, Microsoft, Shitty Analogies, Xbox Microsoft Doesn't Want My Business. That Can Be Arranged. Categories: Games, Stream of Consciousness So in case you haven't been keeping score, apparently the next version of the Xbox will require an always-on Internet connection, even for single-player games. As you might expect, some people are unhappy about this. Microsoft's Adam Orth knows just how to treat concerned customers: by insulting and mocking them with disingenuous analogies. Now, one of three things is true: Adam Orth is stupid. Adam Orth thinks you're stupid. I shouldn't even have to fucking explain this, but here goes anyway: A video game console that doesn't work without an Internet connection is not analogous to a vacuum cleaner that doesn't work without electricity or a cellular telephone that doesn't work without cellular service. Because, you see, a vacuum cleaner, by its nature, requires electricity to function. (Technically some vacuum cleaners get that electricity from batteries, but keep in mind, Orth's analogy is very very stupid.) A cellular telephone requires cellular service to function. You see where I'm going with this? A video game console does not require an Internet connection to function. Now, some games might. Complaining that, say, World of Warcraft requires an Internet connection would indeed be comparable to complaining that a vacuum requires a current and a cellular telephone requires cellular telephone service. But -- fun fact! -- many video games are single-player. Refusing to buy a video game console that requires an always-on Internet connection is not analogous to refusing to buy a vacuum cleaner that requires an electrical current. Refusing to buy a video game console that requires an always-on Internet connection is analogous to refusing to buy a vacuum cleaner that requires an always-on Internet connection. Tags: Arguing on the Internet, Cellular Telephones, Corporate Greed, DRM, Fanboys, Microsoft, Shitty Analogies, Social Networking, Xbox More Stupid Ideas in Digital Distribution Categories: Comics, Games, Politics, Stream of Consciousness Stop me if you've heard this one: a media company does a promotion, is totally unprepared for the traffic it generates, the servers are obliterated so that legitimate customers can't access their stuff, and all the while pirates are still able to trivially obtain the media in question. I'm talking about Comixology and Marvel, but I could just as easily be talking about EA ('cept that last part I guess; to my knowledge there's no crack to run SimCity without a network connection as yet). Marvel started a big promotion the other day: 700 free issue #1's through Comixology. The demand took down the Comixology site for two days. And it's still running slowly. To blame for all this? Two things: a client-server distribution model with only a single website available to download from, and DRM on the files to make sure nobody else can set up a mirror. Well, I should say "to make sure nobody else can set up a legal mirror", because, well, if you've been on the Internet for five minutes and are not a complete dumbshit, you're probably aware that anyone who wants those comics can trivially find pirated copies. Go the legal route, with Comixology? You get a proprietary file that you can only read in their program. Provided you can access their fucking website at all. Go the illegal route, through some dodgy website? You get a CBR, or a CBZ, or a PDF, which you can read in any program that supports that format. And you don't have to worry about whether a single specific website is actually working in order to acquire that file. It doesn't take a fucking genius to see which is the superior, more customer-friendly option. Let's talk about what customers want. Hey, I like comics. Let's start with me. Here, maybe this will help you get a feel for just how much money you could potentially squeeze out of me: Not pictured: 14 more shortboxes, plus about 2/3 of a bookcase taken up by hardcovers and trades. My point is, I have spent a fuck of a lot of money on comics over the course of my life. You know how much I've spent on Comixology? Zero. The Dark Horse digital store? Zero. And make no mistake: that's not just because I prefer physical comics. I do, but I've downloaded any number of free comics from both those stores. I've read them and I've enjoyed them. I'd be adding those 700 Marvel #1's to my collection right the fuck now if the website were functional. But free is the amount I am willing to pay for a DRM-infected book, comic or otherwise. If you won't let me read the file on whatever computer I want, in whatever program I want, then you're not getting a damn dime from me. I realize I'm not the guy Comixology's trying to appeal to here -- they're trying to draw in new readers, not people who know what happens on Wednesdays. I get that. I'm not the target audience here. But the target audience is getting timeouts too. Not just new readers coming for the Marvel promo, but existing customers who can't access their accounts. So, here are a couple of points to start with that I think should be blisteringly obvious: The very idea of restricting access to a free digital giveaway is completely fucking insane. Why put DRM on something you're giving away for free? What conceivable reason is there for this? Why would you want to restrict copying of a free promotion that you are doing? And why only make it available from a single distributor? I mean, I get the reasoning behind that one, at least: they want to turn people into Comixology customers. They don't want people to just grab the free comics and never bother coming the the Comixology site. I get the theory. But in practice, well, how's that working out for you guys? You getting any customers out of this thing? Here's the right way to do it: just post all 700 files in a big torrent file. Make them CBR/CBZ format. And stick an ad for Comixology in every file. Ever see a popular torrent collapse under the weight of high demand? Of course you haven't. Because that is the opposite of how BitTorrent works. BitTorrent is at its absolute best on files that are in high demand. Now, I know why media companies don't take advantage of BitTorrent: because that would legitimize BitTorrent. As far as the publishers are concerned, BitTorrent is synonymous with piracy. They want the protocol banned entirely -- so of course they're not willing to acknowledge that it can be used as a tool for legal distribution, and a very very good one at that. So instead, they opt for DRM-encumbered files distributed through a traditional client-server model -- and create this gigantic fucking debacle. And you know what their takeaway from this is going to be? "Well, obviously we need to make sure we've got more bandwidth next time." They're going to think that the problem is that their stupid distribution model wasn't implemented correctly, not that their stupid distribution model is stupid. "Let's just make sure we've got more bandwidth next time" was EA's solution to the authentication problems that Spore users faced in 2008. 5 years later, did it work? As long as you're thinking that the fix is a better delivery mechanism for DRM-infected content, you're doing it wrong. The problem will persist. But you know, there are lots of great digital comics out there that aren't from Comixology and aren't DRM-infected. I've gushed about Mark Waid's Thrillbent before; those are all DRM-free and free to download. I also enjoyed the first issue of Dracula the Unconquered by Chris Sims, Steve Downer and Josh Krach; it's DRM-free and only costs a buck. The point here isn't merely to castigate companies who do it wrong -- please reward the ones who do it right. Tags: Comixology, Design Flaws, Digital Distribution, DRM, EA, Marvel, Piracy Yesterday I went to a Cory Doctorow book signing at Changing Hands. He was promoting his new book, Homeland , but the talk he gave was more general. It dealt with his usual pet issues: overbearing copyright law and its impact on ordinary citizens, and spyware that attempts to control our computers and how it makes them and us less safe. A lot of it was about Aaron Swartz, the talented programmer who developed RSS, helped build Reddit up, spent the last several years of his life fighting charges from the US Attorney threatening a decades-long prison sentence for copyright infringement (when the copyright holders themselves chose not to press charges), and took his own life last month. It's a sobering story -- obviously depression is a complicated thing and it's foolish to blame a person's suicide on one single cause, but I think any reasonable person can conclude that (1) the charges against him contributed to his decision and (2) they were wildly disproportionate to his alleged crime. Sobering stuff, but a good talk and mostly light despite ending on a heavy note. Nobody in the audience recorded it, but Doctorow said the talk's been recorded elsewhere and that he'd provide a link once it was uploaded to YouTube. (Edit 2013-02-13: Per Doctorow's blog, the version of the speech he gave the next day at ASU has been posted on ustream: part 1, part 2.) Before all that, I was sitting in the audience waiting for him to come out onstage. I was reading a copy of Circle of Enemies ; the lady sitting next to me asked if it was an urban fantasy novel and when I said that it was, she handed me her business card and said that she was an urban fantasy author as well. Her name is Kater Cheek, she's a former student of Doctorow's, and the urban fantasy novel advertised on her card is Seeing Things . I bought a copy when I got home; haven't had a chance to read it yet, but I'm looking forward to it. I mentioned that I'd recently put out a few audiobooks; she hadn't heard of ACX so I suggested she give it a look if she's interested in producing any of her own. I talked to Doctorow a bit about audiobooks, too, when it came time for the actual booksigning. The guy in front of me asked if Homeland would be released as an audiobook; Cory said there were no plans at present, because he won't distribute through Audible until they offer a DRM-free option, and Audible is 90% of the market. He said he's looking at options with the Humble Bundle; when I got up there I wished him luck on that, and added that a Humble Audiobook Bundle could be a great help to narrators like myself who don't really have an alternative to Amazon but don't like DRM very damn much either. (I mentioned that, while I sell books on Audible, I can't be their customer, because they don't support my operating system. Crazy.) Anyway, I asked him to sign my Nexus 7 case, because that's where I keep most of his books. Which is really a twofer, because now my case has not only a drawing of a skull and crossbones by Cory Doctorow... ...it's also got a drawing of an asshole by Kurt Vonnegut. (For the record, I haven't opened it but I'm pretty confident that I can. It looks easier than my Mac Mini, Wii, or old 60GB iPod, and I've opened them.) Tags: Copyright Law, Corrupt Politicians, Cory Doctorow, DRM, Kater Cheek, Local Business Your Average Ordinary Alien : My Second Audiobook Categories: Announcements, Books, Stream of Consciousness, Tech, Work My latest audiobook: Your Average Ordinary Alien , written by Adam Graham. Available from Audible, Amazon, and iTunes. The description, in the author's words: Kirk Picard Skywalker is an unemployed sci-fi fanatic who dreams of being abducted by aliens from outer space. One day his dreams come through and he's horrified to learn that the aliens are all too ordinary. It's the story of an unemployed computer scientist and his long-suffering girlfriend -- can't imagine what drew me to it -- and gave me the opportunity to flex some comedy muscles and play three characters plus narrator. It's a fun read, a bit of good-natured but ultimately sympathetic skewering of fanboys, and it made me smile. It's also got a Christian message -- a bit outside my usual, more cynical milieu, I suppose, but "Work hard and be kind to people" is, I think, a sentiment most everybody can get behind. Be sure and read my previous audiobook post for some notes on Audible DRM. And you can discuss my audiobooks at Brontoforumus. Tags: Audiobooks, DRM, Fanboys, Storytelling Dinosaurs in the Home Depot : My First Audiobook As you may have guessed from the various not-so-subtle hints I've been dropping over the past month, I've started recording audiobooks. The first one, Dinosaurs in the Home Depot , written by Bret Wellman, has been released, and is available from Audible, Amazon, and iTunes. The audiobook is 18 minutes long and delivers what it promises. There is a Home Depot. There are dinosaurs in it. The story does not waste time on details like why there are dinosaurs, why somebody decided to leave them in a Home Depot, or actually bothering to give any of the characters names (unless you count "the ugly giant" as a name). It's mostly people fighting dinosaurs with power tools. If you want to give it a read before you buy, it's available for Kindle, or you can read it for free on the author's website. It's also bundled with Audible's DRM. Staunch anti-DRM advocate that I am, I regret this, but there's nothing I can do about it except let people know before they buy. You shouldn't have trouble playing it under Windows or OSX, and there are clients for iOS, Android, Windows Phone, and Blackberry as well. I haven't tried it under desktop Linux yet; I've read that the Windows player works under WINE, though users have reported playback issues with recent versions. You can read more about Audible's DRM format at Wikipedia. I've got two more audiobooks coming sometime in the next few weeks; I'll write about them when they're available. Discuss my audiobooks at Brontoforumus. Tags: Audiobooks, DRM, Storytelling © 1994-2018 Thaddeus R R Boyd	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line250
__label__wiki	0.554095	0.554095	▸ 2018 ▸ Week 1 ▸ 7 officiating things to watch for as NFL’s 99th season launches 7 officiating things to watch for as NFL’s 99th season launches by Mark Schultz - September 6, 2018 September 6, 2018 1 Referee Ronald Torbert It is time. The 99th NFL season kicks off and its the 99th season of NFL officiating. The zebras are ready to take to the field and, for better or for worse, there will be more scrutiny than ever on NFL officiating, rules, safety, and instant replay. Here’s what I’ll be watching for this year. The helmet rule The NFL, in its bid to cut down on head injuries passed strict helmet rules in the off-season. This rule is not “the end of football as we know it,” but it will present a challenge to officiate. The NFL instructed officials to “just throw” if they suspect a helmet foul in the preseason. Now, senior vice president of officiating, Al Riveron has given guidance to his officials and we’ll see how they enforce the rule. The rule also allows officials to eject a player for flagrant use of the helmet. If players don’t adapt to the new rules, it could be a long season for them. The catch rule This normally would be the big thing to watch this season, but, see above. In last year’s playoffs, centralized replay under Riveron started using a more relaxed interpretation of a catch. They allowed the ball to slightly move as long as the player demonstrated he maintained control. The fans should like this new interpretation of a catch as it allows an official and Riveron to use judgement and common sense. But, more judgement could create more controversy. The old catch rule was so black and white that it took away any judgement — and people hated it. Fans wanted more common sense in the catch rules and the NFL listened. Replay takes a role in ejecting and un-ejecting players This normally would be the big thing to watch this season, but see above. Last year, replay showed some flagrant acts that did not result in an ejection. This year, before the next play, instant replay can step in and order an ejection issued or rescinded. While I hesitate expanding instant replay, this change is good. It gives an extra pair of eyes to check a flagrant play and get an angle that the officials might not have seen. It can also make things more just if the officials eject one player and miss flagging and ejecting the instigator. Illegal double team block Normally this would be the big thing to watch this season, but see above. It appears the kickoff is on borrowed time and slowly being phased out of the game. New this year, the NFL prohibits players deep in kickoff formation from double team blocking on a kickoff return. This is for player safety. This will be very difficult for the officials to call — much like an illegal defense in the NBA. We will see how many times this is called this year and how many times its missed (hopefully few on both ends of the spectrum). A8) If a player is not one of the original 8 players in the set zone at the time of the kick, throughout the down he may not participate in a double team block. Here’s an example from preseason Week 2. #TV23Chat pic.twitter.com/s8Qsr8Kz7I — Al Riveron (@alriveron) September 5, 2018 Four new referees Normally this would be the big thing to watch this season, but see above. At the end of last season, Ed Hochuli and Jeff Triplette announced their retirement. Then this summer came the stunner: Gene Steratore, fresh off calling Super Bowl LII and Terry McAulay announced their retirement to become officiating analysts for CBS and NBC. No matter how you cut it, this is a huge loss for the NFL. In response, the NFL promoted Alex Kemp, Shawn Hochuli, Shawn Smith and Clay Martin as referees. This will mark the first time there have been four new referees in one season since the American Football League brought on 5 rookie white hats in its inaugural 1960 season. Here’s hoping they learn quickly, and I will be very interested in seeing their development. Seven new officials A total of 10 officials retired this off-season and seven new officials were hired, reducing the pool of roving substitutes from 5 to 2. It’s hard to make the jump from college to the pros and we wish the new hires well and we wish long and rewarding pro football careers. New kick mechanics This season, the NFL experimented with two new kick mechanics — the umpire in the backfield on scoring kicks and the wing officials swapping positions on kickoffs. Football Zebras has learned that the umpire in the backfield mechanic was adopted for the regular season, but the kickoff mechanic was scrapped. A league source says the umpire’s new position will help better determine leaping fouls by the defense and also give him a better look at any illegal acts by the kicking team. One note of caution: the umpire is lined up awfully close to the kicker and any blocked kick might land right in his lap. As for the kickoff mechanic, an officiating source said that veteran officials balked at the idea, likely because it added a new element when there are multiple rule changes to watch for. Some of the younger officials adopted a “just tell us where to go” approach, so this might be tinkered with again in the future. Countdown to Super Bowl LIII And to wrap up, here is my Super Bowl crew prediction (aka the Football Zebras kiss of death!): Referee: Walt Coleman (celebrating his 30th season) Umpire: Paul King Down judge: Tom Symonette Line judge: Jeff Bergman Field judge: Mike Weatherford Side judge: Dyrol Prioleau Back judge: Steve Freeman As referee Red Cashion said at the end of every coin toss, “Gentlemen let’s play football!” Progression of hits with the helmet in one word: plastics One thought on “7 officiating things to watch for as NFL’s 99th season launches” Hey Elmer Fudd and the arrogant butt kisser are gone. Let’s be thankful for that!	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line256
__label__wiki	0.827834	0.827834	« Good, old-fashioned love (i.e., close analysis) of film Industrial strength » Tuesday \| June 18, 2013 open printable version Stir of Echoes (1999). For a long time, Hollywood movies have fed off other Hollywood movies. We’ve had sequels and remakes since the 1910s. Studios of the Golden Era relied on “swipes” or “switches,” in which an earlier film was ripped off without acknowledgment. Vincent Sherman talks about pulling the switch at Warners with Crime School (1938), which fused Mayor of Hell (1933) and San Quentin (1937). Films referred to other films too, sometimes quite obliquely (as seen in this recent entry). People who knock Hollywood will say that this constant borrowing shows a bankruptcy of imagination. True, there can be mindless mimicry. But any artistic tradition houses copycats. A viable tradition provides a varied number of points of departure for ambitious future work. Nothing comes from nothing; influences, borrowings, even refusals–all depend on awareness of what went before. The tradition sparks to life when filmmakers push us to see new possibilities in it. From this angle, the references littering the 1960s-70s Movie Brats’ pictures aren’t just showing off their film-school knowledge. Often the citations simply acknowledge the power of a tradition. When Bonnie, Clyde, and C. W. Moss hide out in a movie theatre during the “We’re in the Money” sequence from Gold Diggers of 1933, the scene offers an ironic sideswipe at their bungled bank job, and a recollection of Warner Bros. gangster classics. When a shot in Paper Moon shows a marquee announcing Steamboat Round the Bend, it evokes a parallel with Ford’s story about an older man and a girl. Even those who despised the tradition, like Altman, were obliged to invoke it, as in the parodic reappearances of the main musical theme throughout The Long Goodbye. But tradition is additive. As the New Hollywood wing of the Brats—Lucas, Spielberg, De Palma, Carpenter, and others—revived the genres of classic studio filmmaking, they created modern classics. The Godfather, Jaws, Star Wars, Carrie, Raiders of the Lost Ark, and others weren’t only updated versions of the gangster films, horror movies, thrillers, science-fiction sagas, and adventure tales that Hollywood had turned out for years. They formed a new canon for younger filmmakers. Accordingly, the next wave of the 1980s and 1990s referenced the studio tradition, but it also played off the New Hollywood. For “New New Hollywood” directors like Robert Zemeckis and James Cameron, their tradition included the breakthroughs of filmmakers only a few years older than themselves. So today’s young filmmaker working in Hollywood faces a task. How to sustain and refresh this multifaceted tradition? One filmmaker who writes screenplays and occasionally directs them has found some lively solutions. From the ’40s to the ’10s The Trigger Effect (1996). David Koepp was fourteen when he saw Star Wars and eighteen when he saw Raiders. By the time he was twenty-nine he was writing the screenplay for Jurassic Park. Later he would provide Spielberg with War of the Worlds (2005) and Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull (2008). Across the same period he worked with De Palma (Carlito’s Way, 1993; Mission: Impossible, 1996; Snake Eyes, 1998), and Ron Howard (The Paper, 1994), as well as younger directors like Zemeckis (Death Becomes Her, 1992), Raimi (Spider-Man, 2002), and Fincher (Panic Room, 2002). The young man from Pewaukee, Wisconsin who grew up with the New Hollywood became central to the New New Hollywood, and what has come after. Koepp began directing his own lower-budget features as well: The Trigger Effect (1996), Stir of Echoes (1999), Secret Window (2004), Ghost Town (2008), and last year’s Premium Rush. The last two were written with his frequent collaborator and high-school friend John Kamps. Koepp’s directorial efforts show how contemporary films can build intelligently on the tradition of American studio cinema. He spent two years at UW–Madison, mostly working in the Theatre Department but also hopping among the many campus film societies. He spent two years after that at UCLA, enraptured by archival prints screened in legendary Melnitz Hall. The result was a wide-ranging taste for powerful narrative cinema. He came to admire 1970s and 1980s classics like Annie Hall, The Shining, and Tootsie. As a director, Koepp resembles Polanski in his efficient classical technique; his favorite movie is Rosemary’s Baby, and one inspiration for Apartment Zero (1988) and Secret Window was The Tenant. You can imagine Koepp directing a project like Frantic or The Ghost Writer. Old Hollywood is no less important to Koepp. Among his favorites are Double Indemnity, Mildred Pierce, and Sorry, Wrong Number. In conversation he tosses off dozens of film references, from specifically recalled shots and scenes to one-liners pulled from classics, like the “But with a little sex” refrain from Sullivan’s Travels. It’s not mere geek quotation-spotting, either. The classical influence shows up in the very architecture of his work. He creates ghost movies both comic and dramatic, gangster pictures, psychological thrillers, and spy sagas. The Paper revives the machine-gun gabfests of His Girl Friday, while Premium Rush gives us a sunny update of the noir plot centered on a man pursued through the city by both cops and crooks. One of the greatest compliments I ever got (well, it seemed like a compliment to me, anyway) was when Mr. Spielberg told me I’d missed my era as a screenwriter–that I would have had a ball in the 40s. Like his contemporary Soderbergh, Koepp sustains the American tradition of tight, crisp storytelling. He also thinks a lot about his craft, and he explains his ideas vividly. His interviews and commentary tracks offer us a vein of practical wisdom that repays mining. It was with that in mind that I visited him in his Manhattan office to dig a little deeper. Humanizing the Gizmo Today, the challenge is the tentpole, the big movie full of special effects. A tentpole picture needs what Koepp calls its Gizmo, its overriding premise, “the outlandish thing that makes the big movie possible.” The Gizmo in in Jurassic Park is preserved DNA; the Gizmo in Back to the Future is the flux capacitor. “The more outlandish the Gizmo, the harder it is to write everybody around it.” The problem is to counterbalance scale with intimacy. “You need to offset what’s ‘up there’ [Koepp raises his arm] with things that are ‘down here’ [he lowers it].” This involves, for one thing, humanizing the characters. A good example, I think, is what he did with Jurassic Park. Crichton’s original novel has a lot going for it: two powerful premises (reviving dinosaurs and building a theme park around them), intriguing scientific speculation, and a solid adventure framework. But the characterizations are pallid, the scientific monologues clunky, and the succession of chases and narrow escapes too protracted. The film is more tightly focused. In the novel, Dr. Grant is an older widower and has no romantic relation to Ellie; here they’re a couple. In the original, Grant enjoys children; in the film, he dislikes them. Accordingly, Koepp and Spielberg supply the traditional second plotline of classic Hollywood cinema. Alongside the dinosaur plot there’s an arc of personal growth, as Grant becomes a warmer father-figure and he and Ellie become short-term surrogate parents for Tim and Alexa. Similarly, Crichton’s hard-nosed Hammond turns into a benevolent grandfather; in the film, his defensive attitude toward the park’s project collapses when his children are in danger. Even Ian Malcolm, mordantly played by Jeff Goldblum (stroking some of the most unpredictable line-readings in modern cinema), can be seen as the wiseacre uncle rather than the smug egomaniac of the novel. Crichton’s tale of scientific overreach becomes a family adventure. Koepp’s consistent interest in the crises facing a family meshes nicely with the same aspect of Spielberg’s work, and it gives the film an appeal for a broad audience. In the original, Tim is a boy wonder, well-informed about dinosaurs and skilled at the computer. Koepp’s screenplay shares out these areas of expertise, making Lex the hacker and letting her save the day by rebooting the park’s defense system. There’s a model of courage and intelligence for everybody who sees the movie. While giving Crichton’s novel a narrative drive centered on the surrogate family, Koepp also creates a more compressed plot. For one thing, he slices out the chunks of scientific explanation that riddle the novel. The main solution came, Koepp says, when Spielberg pointed out that modern theme parks have video presentations to orient the visitors. Koepp and Spielberg created a short narrated by “Mr. DNA,” in an echo of the middle-school educational short “Hemo the Magnificent.” The result provides an entertaining bit of exposition that condenses many scenes in the book. Why Mr. DNA has a southern accent, however, Koepp can’t recall. Compression like this allows Koepp to lay the film out in a well-tuned structure. Most of his work fits the four-part model discussed by Kristin and me so often (as here). In Storytelling in the New Hollywood, she shows how Jurassic displays the familiar pattern of goals formulated (part one), recast (part two), blocked (part three), and resolved (part four). When I visited Koepp, he was laying out 4 x 6 cards for his screenplay for Brilliance, seen above. He remarked that the array fell into four parts, with a midpoint and an accelerating climax. For a smaller-scale example of compression, consider a classic convention of heist movies: the planning session. In Mission: Impossible, Ethan Hunt reviews his plan for accessing the computer files at CIA headquarters. As he starts, the reactions of the two men he’s recruiting foreshadow what they’ll do during the break-in: the sinister calculation of Krieger (Jean Reno), in particular, is emphasized by De Palma’s direction. Ethan’s explanation of the security devices shifts to voice-over and we leave the train compartment to follow an ineffectual bureaucrat making his way into the secured room. (The room and the gadgets were wholly made up for the film; the Langley originals were far more drab and low-tech.) Everything that will matter later, including the heat-sensitive floor and the drop of moisture that can set off the alarms, is laid out visually with Ethan’s explanation serving as exposition. Like the Mr. DNA short, this set-piece, extravagant in the De Palma mode, serves to specify how things in this story will work. Here, however, the task involves what Koepp calls “baiting the suspense hook. “ Each detail is a security obstacle that Hunt’s team will have to overcome. The world is too big Panic Room. The overriding problem, Koepp says, is that the world is too big for a movie. There are too many story lines a plot might pursue; there are too many ways to structure a scene; there are too many places you might put the camera. You need to filter out nearly everything that might work in order to arrive at what’s necessary. At the level of the whole film, Koepp prefers to lay down constraints. He likes “bottles,” plots that depend on severely limited time or space or both. The Paper ’s action takes 24 hours; Premium Rush’s action covers three. Stir of Echoes confines its action almost completely to a neighborhood, while Secret Window mostly takes place in a cabin and the area around it. Even those plots based on journeys, like The Trigger Effect and War of the Worlds, develop under the pressure of time. Panic Room is the most extreme instance of Koepp’s urge for concentration. He wanted to have everything unfold in the house during a single night and show nothing that happened outside. (He even thought about eliminating nearly all dialogue, but gave that up as implausible: surely the home invaders would at least whisper.) As it worked out, the action in the house is bracketed by an opening scene and closing scene, both taking place outdoors, but now he thinks that these throw the confinement of the main section into even sharper relief. The result is a tour de force of interiority—not even flashbacks break us out of the immense gloom of the place—and in the tradition of chamber cinema it gives a vivid sense of the overall layout of the premises. Panic Room, like Premium Rush, relies on crosscutting to shift us among the characters and compare points of view on the action. But another way to solve the world-is-too-big problem is to restrict us to what only one characters sees, hears, and knows. This is what Polanski does in Rosemary’s Baby, which derives so much of its rising tension from showing only what Rosemary experiences, never the plotting against her. Koepp followed the same strategy in War of the Worlds. Most Armageddon films offer a global panorama and a panoply of characters whose lives are intercut. But Koepp and Spielberg decided to show no destroyed monuments or worldwide panics, not even via TV broadcasts. Instead, we adhere again to the fate of one family, and we’re as much in the dark as Ray Ferrier and his kids are. Even when Ray’s teenage son runs off to join the military assault, we learn his fate only when Ray does. Less stringent but no less significant is the way the comedy Ghost Town follows misanthropic dentist Bertram Pincus (Ricky Gervais). After a prologue showing the death of the exploitative exec played by Greg Kinnear, we stay pretty much with Pincus, who discovers that he can see all the ghosts haunting New York. Limiting us to what he knows enhances the mystery of why these spirits are hanging around and plaguing him. Yet sticking to a character’s range of knowledge can create new problems. In Stir of Echoes, Koepp’s decision to stay with the experience of Tom Witzky (Kevin Bacon) meant that the film would give up one of the big attractions of any hypnosis scene—seeing, from the outside, how the patient behaves in the trance. Koepp was happy to avoid this cliché and followed Richard Matheson’s original novel by presenting what the trance felt like from Tom’s viewpoint. The premise of Secret Window, laid down in Stephen King’s original story, obliged Koepp to stay closely tied to Mort Rainey’s range of knowledge. In his director’s commentary, Koepp points out that this constraint sacrifices some suspense, as during the scene when Mort (Johnny Depp) thinks someone else is sneaking around his cabin. We can know only what he sees, as when he glimpses a slightly moving shoulder in the bathroom mirror. Having nothing to cut away to, Koepp says, didn’t allow him to build maximum tension. Still, the film does shift away from Mort occasionally, using a little crosscutting during phone conversations and at the climax. During the big revelation, Koepp switches viewpoint as Mort’s wife arrives at the cabin; but this seems necessary to make sure the audience realizes that the denouement is objective and not in Mort’s head. Once you’ve organized your plot around a restrictive viewpoint, breaking it can be risky. About halfway through Snake Eyes, Koepp’s screenplay shifts our attachment from the slimeball cop Rick Santoro (Nicolas Cage) to his friend Kevin (Gary Sinese). We see Kevin covering up the assassination. In the manner of Vertigo, we’re let in on a scheme that the protagonist isn’t aware of. This runs the risk of dissipating the mystery that pulls the viewer through the plot. Sealing the deal, Snake Eyes then gives us a flashback to the assassination attempt. Not only does this sequence confirm Kevin’s complicity, it turns an earlier flashback, recounted by Kevin to Rick, into a lie. Although lying flashbacks have appeared in other films, Koepp recalls that the preview audience rejected this twist. The lying flashback stayed in the film because the plot’s second half depended on the early revelation of Kevin’s betrayal. Because the world is too big, you need to ask how to narrow down options for each scene as well as the whole plot. Fiction writers speak of asking, “Whose scene is it?” and advise you to maintain attachment to that character throughout the scene. The same question comes up with cinema. Say the husband is already in the kitchen when the wife comes in. If you follow the wife from the car, down the corridor, and into the kitchen, we’re with her; we’ll discover that hubby is there when she does. If instead we start by showing hubby taking a Dr. Pepper out of the refrigerator and turning as the wife comes in, it’s his scene. Note that this doesn’t involve any great degree of subjectivity; no POV shot or mental access is required. It’s just that our entry point into the scene comes via our attachment to one character rather than another. Here’s a moment of such a directorial choice in Stir of Echoes. Maggie comes home to find her husband Tom, driven by demands from their domestic ghost, digging up the back yard. Koepp could have gotten a really nice depth composition by showing us a wide-angle shot of Tom and his son tearing up the yard, with Maggie emerging through the doorway in the background. That way, we would have known about the mess before she did. Instead, Koepp reveals that Tom’s mind has gone off the rails by showing Maggie coming out onto the back porch and staring. We hear digging sounds. “Oh…kay…” she sighs. She walks slowly across the yard, passing their son and eventually confronting Tom, who’s so absorbed he doesn’t hear her speak to him. Once you’ve made a choice, though, other decisions follow. So Maggie provides our pathway into the scene, but how do we present that? Koepp asks on his commentary track: What do you think? Is it better to do what I did here, which is pull back across the yard and slowly reveal the mess he’s made, or should I have cut to her point of view of the big messy yard right in the doorway? I went for lingering tension rather than the sudden cut to what she sees. You might have done it differently. Sticking with a central character throughout a scene can have practical benefits too. Koepp points out that his choice for the Stir of Echoes shot was affected by the need to finish as the afternoon light was waning. Similarly, in the forthcoming Jack Ryan, Koepp includes an action scene showing an assault on a helicopter carrying the hero. Koepp’s script keeps us inside the chopper as a door is blown off and Ryan is pinned under it. Rather than including long shots of the attack, it was easier and less costly to composite in partial CGI effects as bits of action glimpsed in the background, all seen from within the chopper. Saving it, scaling it, buttoning it Ghost Town. Because the world is too big, you can put the camera anywhere. Why here rather than there? Standard practice is to handle the scene with coverage: You film one master shot playing through the entire scene, then you take singles, two-shots, over-the-shoulders, and so on. Actors may speak their lines a dozen times for different camera setups, and the editor always has some shot to cut to. Alternatively, the director may speed up coverage by shooting with many cameras at once. Some of the dialogues in Gladiator were filmed by as many as seven cameras. “I was thinking,” said the cinematographer, “somebody has to be getting something good.” Koepp opposes both mechanical and shotgun coverage. Whenever he can, he seizes on a chance to handle several pages of dialogue in a single take (a “one-er”). “There’s a great feeling when you find the master and can let it run.” Sustained shots work especially well in comedy because they allow the actors to get into a smooth verbal rhythm. The hilariously cramped three-shot in Ghost Town (shown above) could play out in a one-er because Koepp and Kamps meticulously prepared its rapid-fire dialogue exchange. When cutting is necessary, Koepp favors building scenes through subtle gradations of scale, saving certain framings for key moments. He walked me through a striking example, a five-minute scene in Panic Room. Meg Altman and her daughter Sarah have been besieged by home invaders. Meg has managed to flee from their sealed safety room, but Sarah is trapped there and is slipping into a diabetic coma while the two attackers hold her captive. Now two policemen, summoned by Meg’s husband, come calling. The criminals are watching what’s happening on the CC monitor. Meg must drive the cops away without arousing suspicion, or the invaders will let Sarah die. Koepp’s scene weaves two strands of suspense, the peril of the girl and Meg’s tactics of dealing with the cops. One cop is ready to leave her alone, but another is solicitous. Meg offers various excuses for why her husband called them—she was drunk, she wanted sex—but the concerned cop persists. The scene develops through good old shot/ reverse-shot analytical editing, with variations in scale serving to emphasize certain lines and facial reactions. At the climax, the concerned officer says that if there’s anything she wants to tell them but cannot say explicitly, she could blink her eyes as a signal. When he asks this, Fincher cuts in to the tightest shot yet on him. The next shot of Meg reveals her decision. She refuses to blink. Fincher saved his big shot of the cop for the scene’s high point. The cop’s line of dialogue motivates the next shot, one that keeps the audience in suspense about how Meg will respond. What I love about this shot is that everybody in the theatre is watching the same thing: her eyes. Will she blink? Building up a scene, then, involves holding something back and saving it for when it will be more powerful. An extreme case occurs in Rosemary’s Baby. I asked Koepp about a scene that had long puzzled me. Rosemary and Guy have joined their slightly dotty older neighbors, the Castevets, for drinks and dinner. Having poured them all some sherry, Castavet settles into a chair far from the sofa area, where the other three are seated. Mr. Castevet continues to talk with them from this chair, still framed in a strikingly distant shot. Koepp agreed that virtually no director today would film the old man from so far back. Can’t you just see the tight close-up that would hint at something sinister in his demeanor? We found the justification in the next scene, the dinner. This is filmed with one of those arcing tracks so common today when people gather at a table, but here it has a purpose. The shot’s opening gives us another instance of the Castevets’ social backwardness, as Rosemary saws away at her steak. (You’d think people in league with Satan could afford a better cut of meat.) Mr. Castevet proceeds to denounce organized religion and to flatter Guy’s stage performance in Luther. As the camera moves on, the fulcrum of the image becomes the old man, now seen head-on from a nearer position. “He was saving it,” said Koepp. “He was making us wait to see this guy more closely—and even here, he’s postponing a big close-up.” Yet having given with one hand, Polanski takes away with the other. Next Rosemary is doing the dishes with Mrs. Castevet while the men share cigarettes in the parlor. Because we’re restricted to Rosemary’s range of knowledge, we see what she sees: nothing but wisps of smoke in the doorway. We’ll later realize that this offscreen conversation between Roman and Guy seals the deal over Rosemary’s first-born. Empty doorways form a motif in the film (the major instance has been much commented on), and they too point up Polanski’s stinginess—or rather, his economy. He doles his effects out piece by piece, and the result is a mix of mystery and tension that will pay off gradually. Koepp likewise exploits the sustained empty frame, most notably at the end of Ghost Town. Building up scenes in this way encourages the director to give each shot a coherence and a point. Koepp recalls De Palma’s advice: “For every shot, ask: What value does it yield?” Spielberg comes to the set with clear ideas about the shots he wants, and when scouting or rehearsing he’s trying to assure that the set design, the lighting, and the blocking will let him make them. As Koepp puts it, Spielberg is saying: “This is my shot. If I can’t do X, I don’t have a shot.” Compared to the swirling choppiness on display in much modern cinema–say, at the moment, Leterrier’s Now You See Me–Koepp’s style is sober and concentrated. For him, the director should strive to turn a shot into a cinematic statement that develops from beginning to end. The slow track rightward in Stir of Echoes has its own little arc, following Maggie leaving the porch, moving past their son, concluding on Tom as she speaks to him and he suddenly turns to her (at the cut). Accordingly a shot can end with a little bump, a “button” that’s the logical culmination of the action. Something as simple as Rosemary turning her head to look sidewise is a soft bump, impelling the POV shot of the doorway. Something more forceful comes in Stir of Echoes, when the people at the party chatter about hypnosis and the camera slowly coasts in on Tom, gradually eliminating everybody else until in close-up he says cockily, “Do me.” Shooting all the conversational snippets among various characters would have required lots of coverage, and it was cleaner to keep them offscreen as the camera drew in on Tom. With the suspense raised by the track-in (a move suggested by De Palma), Koepp could treat Tom’s line as a dramatic turning point and the payoff for the shot. In a comic register, the button can yield a character-based gag. Bertram Pincus is warming to the Egyptologist Gwen; he’s even bought a new shirt to impress her. They discuss how his knowledge of abcessed teeth can help her research into the death of a Pharaoh. A series of gags involves Pincus’ discomfiture around the mummy, with Gwen making him touch and smell it. The two-shot, Koepp says, is still the heart of dialogue cinema, especially in comedy. Bertram offers Gwen a “sugar-free treat” and shyly turns away. The gesture reveals that he’s forgotten to take the price tag off his shirt. This buttons up the shot with an image that reveals the characters’ attitudes. Pincus’s error undercuts his self-important explanation of the pharoah’s oral hygiene. Yet it’s a little endearing; he was in such a hurry to make a good impression he forgot to pull the tag. At the same, having Gwen see the tag shows her sudden awareness that Bertram’s offensiveness masks his social awkwardness. As Koepp puts it: “He bought a new shirt for their meeting, she realizes it, and she finds it sweet.” She’s starting to like him, as is suggested when she turns and matches his posture. Koepp gives the whole scene its button by cutting back to a long shot as Pincus murmurs, “Surprisingly delightful.” Is he referring to his candy, or his growing enjoyment of Gwen’s company? Both, probably: He’s becoming more human. Like the Movie Brats and the New New Hollywood filmmakers, Koepp is inspired by other films. And as with them, his usage isn’t derivative in a narrow sense. He treats a genre convention, a situation, an earlier Gizmo, or a fondly-remembered shot as a prod to come up with something new. Borrowing from other films isn’t unoriginal; in mainstream filmmaking, originality usually means revising tradition in fresh, personal ways. There’s a lot more to be learned about screenwriting and directing from the work of David Koepp. He told me much I can’t squeeze in here, about the Manhattan logistics of shooting Premium Rush and about the newsroom ethnography behind The Paper, written with his brother Stephen. What I can say is this: He really should write a book about his craft. I expect that it would be as good-natured as his lopsided grin and quick wit. It would illuminate for us the range of the creative choices available in the New Hollywood, the New New Hollywood, and the Newest Hollywood. Thanks to David for giving me so much of his time. We initially came into contact when he wrote to me after my blog post on Premium Rush, which now contains a P.S. extracted from his email. We had never met, and I’m glad we finally caught up with each other. I’ve supplemented my conversation with David with ideas drawn from his DVD commentaries for Stir of Echoes, Secret Window, and Ghost Town. Soderbergh provides intriguing observations on the commentary track for Apartment Zero. I’ve also found useful comments in these published interviews: “David Koepp: Sincerity,” in Patrick McGilligan, ed., Backstory 5: Interviews with Screenwriters of the 1990s (University of California Press, 2010), 71-89; Joshua Klein “Writer’s Block, [1999],” at The Onion A.V. Club; Steve Biodrowski, “Stir of Echoes: David Koepp Interviewed [2000]” at Mania; Josh Horowitz, “The Inner View–David Koepp [2004]” at A Site Called Fred; “Interview: David Koepp (War of the Worlds)[2005]” at Chud.com; Ian Freer, “David Koepp on War of the Worlds [2006],” at Empire Online; “Peter N. Chumo III, “Watch the Skies: David Koepp on War of the Worlds,” Creative Screenwriting 12, 3 (May/June 2005), 50-55; E. A. Puck, “So What Do You Do, David Koepp? [2007]” at Mediabistro; Nell Alk, “David Koepp, John Kamps Talk Premium Rush, Joseph Gordon-Levitt’s Fearlessness and Pedestrian ‘Scum’ [2012]” at Movieline; and Fred Topel, “Bike-O-Vision: David Koepp on Premium Rush and Jack Ryan [2012]” at Crave Online. Vincent Sherman discusses screenplay switching in People Will Talk, ed. John Kobal (Knopf, 1986), 549-550. My quotation from Gladiator‘s DP comes from The Way Hollywood Tells It, p. 159. For more on David Fincher’s way with characters’ eyes, see this entry on The Social Network. Last Modified: Thursday \| July 10, 2014 @ 09:17 open printable version This entry was posted on Tuesday \| June 18, 2013 at 7:39 am and is filed under Directors: Koepp, Film technique, Narrative strategies, Narrative: Suspense, People we like, Readers' Favorite Entries, Screenwriting. Responses are currently closed, but you can trackback from your own site.	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line259
__label__wiki	0.814339	0.814339	The Editing Process Our team of editors will assist you through the arduous—yet essential—task of editing your manuscript. At Inkwell Writers, we feel editing is foundational. We love the freedom, creative control, and fast-pace of independent publishing, but we also feel strongly about raising the quality of independent publishing. That’s why editing is so important to us. It places the independent writer on par with those who are traditionally published. To release a book without proper editing is like releasing the demo version of a song: potential, but no polish. Our sincere desire is to help writers present the very best version of their work to their readers, and editing is the beginning step in that process. The essential first step after completion of your work. There are a variety of types of editing, from content and structural editing to line and copy editing. At Inkwell Writers, our team finds it difficult to separate one from the other, so when you hire one of our editors, you aren’t merely hiring someone to dot i’s and cross t’s. Our editing process checks for grammatical and spelling errors, but will also look for gaps in storyline (fiction), readability, fact-checking (non-fiction), and writing style. By working back-and-forth with the author, our comprehensive editing process will produce the best version of your manuscript. This is the final step before publication. While it’s important for an author to proofread his or her own work before submitting it to an editor, proofreading is that crucial last step after a manuscript has undergone a comprehensive editing process. It is the last check for typos, grammatical errors, and page design issues.	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line267
__label__cc	0.607218	0.392782	Gaunle.com Shisir Khanal For Land, Water, and Forest “Ekta Parishad Jindabad,” (Long live Ekta Parishad) somebody shouted at a corner. “Ekta Parishad Jindabad,” a chorus followed. At a glance, people who were chanting the slogans looked feeble and powerless. Many didn’t have sleepers, showing cracks on their feet. Wrinkled on their faces told the story of hardships and struggles. When they chanted the slogans, their fist clenched, a sudden determination emerged on their faces. “Land, water, and forest must be under people’s control” another slogan emerged. They were the people of Ekta Parishad. A Gandhian social movement active in India. Championing the rights of marginalized communities (Dalits and indegeneous communities) in India for their land rights. Similar to Sarvodaya Movement in Sri Lanka, Ekta Parishad is a social movement and a federation of 11,000 communities spread over 12 Indian states. Like the Sarvodaya Movement, rooted in Gandhian values, Ekta Parishad is dedicated to non-violent social change. Their programs are geared towards building gram-swaraj (village self-governance) and local self-reliance. bhopal ekta parishad gandhian movement social movement Labels: bhopal ekta parishad gandhian movement social movement Nepal's Development Regions: Creating an Obstacle to national integration ? When someone asks me where I am from in Nepal, I often get confused. Geographically speaking Tanahun, where I am from, lies in the middle of the country. Thus, I should say I am from central Nepal. But, because Nepal is divided into five development regions and Tanahun comes under Western development region, I internalized Tanahun as being in the West of Nepal. Today, suddenly a thought emerged, the geographical nomeniculture of development regions, like almost everything in Nepa,l is Kathmandu centric and reflects what state and rulers perceived themselves as. Eventhough Kathmandu is not exactly at the center of Nepal, the development regions are named as though Kathmandu is the center of Nepal. For example, Kathmandu lies in Central Development region and anything east lies in the Eastern region and most of the Nepal is West. By this logic, Nepal has more West than east or center. There are three different variations of West - Western Development Region (Gandaki, Lumbini and Dhaula Nepal For Hyper Loop Connectivity with India and China Kathmandu, Nepal In the heels of securing train and water access to India and China and after successfully, disbanding Transportation Cartel in Nepal, Nepal government is planning to implement “HyperLoop” transportation system in near future. According to a highly placed source, Government of Nepal has realized the importance of connecting Asia’s two big and economically growing countries - China and India for prosperity of Nepal. However, current mode of transportation isn’t likely to meet the needs of the future. China and India with world’s largest populations and rising middle class offer Nepal’s best chance to enter an era of unprecedented growth through trade and tourism. “Look, Out of over 2 Billion population in these countries, there are at least 600 million people who could potentially visit Nepal for tourism, however, due to poor infrastructure, distance and cost, it’s very difficult for most people to come to Nepal,” said a tourism official. To facili विद्यार्थी भर्ना मात्र गर्ने कि टिकाउने पनि ! नेपालमा नयाँ बर्षसँगै नयाँ शैक्षिक वर्ष पनि सुरु हुन्छ। यसैको मौकामा २०७५ साल सुरुवातमै प्रधानमन्त्री केपी शर्मा ओलीले एक जना विद्यार्थी स्कुल भर्ना गर्नुभयो। अभियान सुरु गर्दै सबैलाई नेताहरुलाई ‍कम्तिमा एक जना विद्यार्थी भर्ना गर्न अाव्हान पनि गर्नुभयो। अहिले शिक्षामन्त्री, प्रदेश मुख्यमन्त्रीहरु, वरिष्ठ नेताहरु, सांसदहरु लगायतले विद्यार्थी भर्ना गराइरहेको समाचारले प्रमुखता पाइरहेको छ।संविधानले सबै बालबालिकासम्म शिक्षाको पहुँच ‍निर्दिष्टता गरेको ‍परिवेशमा देशको नेतृत्वले गरेको यो प्रयास सरहानीय ‍हो। तर नीतिनिर्माण तहमा रहेको नेतृत्वलाई यति कदममै रमाउने छुट भने छैन। शिक्षा मन्त्रलाय तथा अन्य अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय संस्थाको तथ्यांक अाधार मान्दा, भर्नाभन्दा पनि स्कुलसम्म पुगेका केटाकेटी त्यहाँ कसरी टिकाउने र गुणस्तरीय शिक्षा कसरी दिने भन्ने अबको धेय हुनु पर्ने देखिन्छ। अब पहुँचमा भन्दा गुणस्तरमा समय र परिश्रम धेरै गर्नु पर्ने देखिन्छ। शिक्षा मन्त्रालय, युनिसेफ, तथा विश्व बैंकका तथ्यांक अाधार मान्ने हो भने, नेपालमा ५-९ वर्ष उमेर समूहका झण्डै ९७ प्रतिशत केटाकेटी स्कुल भर्ना हुन्छन्। यो द #fun #nepal #satire constitution nepal education nepal ekta parishad election nepal gandhian movement grassroots development Lake Mendota Road langtang madhesh nepal education nepal politics Sarvodaya shramadana vacatiion	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line271
__label__cc	0.601468	0.398532	Burberry is the first brand to get an Apple Music channel Home Business Press Releases Panasonic India Introduces nanoe™ X Technology That Inhibits 99.99 Percent of Adhered... Panasonic India Introduces nanoe™ X Technology That Inhibits 99.99 Percent of Adhered COVID-19 Virus Business Wire IndiaExpanding on its solutions approach and offering viable and secure resolutions against COVID-19, Panasonic India, a leading diversified technology company, introduced “nanoe™ X” technology – an advanced purification technology that is capable of inhibiting 99.99% bacteria and viruses, including the novel coronavirus. The technology, developed by Panasonic Corporation, has received verification from a global contract research organisation in France, Texcell, for the inhibitory effects of the nanoe™ X technology with the benefits of hydroxyl radicals on the novel coronavirus (SAR-CoV-2). This technology will shortly be available with Panasonic Air Conditioners. The nanoe™ X technology, also known as nature’s detergent, cleans and deodorises the air by producing nano-sized hydroxyl radicals (also known as OH radicals). These effectively inhibit the growth of certain pollutants such as allergens, bacteria, viruses, moulds, odours, and certain hazardous substances. The technology addresses possible risks associated with pathogenic microorganisms, intending to create cleaner and safer environments for people around the world. The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) of the current global pandemic is one such new type of virus, and testing with Texcell has now confirmed that the nanoe™ X has an inhibitory effect on the adhered SARS-CoV-2. Commenting on the launch of the new technology, Mr. Manish Sharma, President and CEO, Panasonic India and South Asia said, “Panasonic has been developing advanced technologies over the years to deliver the best to our consumers across the globe. Our nanoe™ X technology demonstrates the commitment of making products that have been effective and efficient, especially when every country worldwide is reeling under the disruption caused by the COVID-19. In the coming time, this technology will be launched in our Air Conditioners aiding consumers in attaining an active defense against bacteria and viruses. At Panasonic, we, are driven by the vision of creating healthy indoor spaces and environments, and the development of nanoe™ X is a breakthrough innovation that is setting new benchmarks towards this endeavor.” Suguru Takamatsu, Divisional Head – Consumers Sales Division, Panasonic India said, “We are really excited about this breakthrough. We are in the final stage of rolling out our new range of Air Conditioners with nanoe™ X technology. Along with COVID 19, this technology will also help inhibit the growth of certain pollutants such as allergens, bacteria, viruses, moulds, odours, and certain hazardous substances. With deteriorating air quality we hope to help our consumers live healthier and better lives with Panasonic.” Texcell is a global contract research organization that specializes in viral testings, viral clearance, immunoprofiling and R&D or GMP cell banking, for R&D, GClP, GLP and GMP projects. With more than 30 years of experience and roots within the Pasteur Institute in Paris, Texcell has a long recognized expertise in viral testing with a broad range of protocols for the detection of adventitious agents. Texcell is the first spin-off of the Pasteur Institute of Paris created in 1997. The testing on nanoe™ X was carried out in a closed environment containing the adhered novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), with and without exposure to nanoe™ X. The results have verified that the adhered novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) activity is inhibited to the extent of 99.99% in two hours when exposed to nanoe™ X device installed at 15cm from the floor in the 45L enclosed test box. Panasonic has been conducting research on this technology over the past 20 years since 1997, and has verified its effectiveness in a variety of areas, including inhibiting pathogenic microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, and viruses) and allergens, breaking down PM 2.5 components that have adverse effects on the human body1. Panasonic will continue to pursue the potential of nanoe™ X technology to address possible risks associated with air pollution such as new pathogenic microorganisms, with the aim of creating healthy environments for people around the world. For reference : Testing of inhibitory effect of nanoe™ X on the adhered novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) A comparative verification was conducted in a 45L test space containing the adhered novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) with and without exposure to nanoe™ X. Over 99.99% of the adhered novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) activity was inhibited within 2 hours. Note: This verification was designed to generate basic research data on the effects of nanoe™ X on adherednovel coronavirus in laboratory conditions different from those found in living spaces. It was not designed to evaluate product performance. NanoeTM- X inhibits activity or growth of viruses, but does not prevent infection. Methodology and data Organisation ：Texcell (France) Subject ：Adhered Novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2） Device ：nanoe™ X device Test Volume : 45L enclosed box (400mm×350mm×350mm) – nanoeTM X device is installed at 15cm from the floor in the 45L test space. – A piece of gauze saturated SARS-CoV-2 virus solution was placed in a petri dish and exposed to nanoeTM X for a predetermined time. – The virus infectious titer was measured and used to calculate the inhibition rate. Results data Test subject Inhibition rate* Capacity Hours SARS-CoV-2 99.99% 45L 2 hours 1: Main releases on verification cases – May 12, 2009：Positive effects of charged water particles on viruses, bacteria, and agricultural chemicals have been verified. – October 20, 2009： The new influenza virus inhibition effect of charged water particles has been verified. – February 20, 2012：Supression effect of charged water particles on pet-related allergens, bacteria, fungi, and viruses have been verified. – January 16, 2014：Nano-sized electrostatic atomized water particles effectively breaks down PM2.5 components and inhibits growth of fungi attached to Yellow Sand. 2: January 26, 2012: Virus suppression effect of charged water particles has been verified by the virus clearance test. Co-verified with Charles River Biopharmaceutical Services GmbH, a German testing organization. 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__label__wiki	0.848023	0.848023	The Lost and the Damned and the Delayed Again: Now DL Content is February Delayed Again, Will Now 'Ship' in Feb 2009 Rockstar Games announced today first episode of downloadable content has been delayed again, and will now be available in February 2009. Grand Theft Auto IV: The Lost and Damned, will be exclusive to the Xbox 360 via Xbox LIVE on February 17th 2009. The Lost and Damned will feature all new content and a plot centered around 'The Lost', a motorcycle gang that played a bit role in the main GTA IV storyline. Gameplay is expected to be in the 12-15 hour range, though that sounds generous to us based on how quick some of the main GTA IV missions were. A second expansion pack for GTA IV is expected late in 2009, but no title or release date has been announced. Rumors of GTA V are already heating up, however, as GTA IV did not receive the critical success that the early hype anticipated. Filed Under: news, xbox, online About GTA Confidential GTA Confidential compiles the latest and most useful news, tips, info, rumors and help related to the latest Grand Theft Auto games, including GTA IV and GTA V. Other sites with sexy GTA info for you. More coming soon as we move our old info into this new database/blogging engine! Website copyright © GTA Confidential. The information and opinions on this website are those of the authors, who are not associated with Rockstar San Diego, Rockstar Games or Take Two Software Inc. You may reprint or reuse content from this website as long as you provide a visible, functional link back to this website alongside the content. If you wish to use content from this website in any other way, please ask first. Grand Theft Auto, GTA IV, The Lost and the Damned, Liberty City, The Ballad of Gay Tony, and all related marks and logos are trademarks and/or registered trademarks of Take-Two Interactive Software and are used here nominatively, for purposes of description and identification only. Rev .	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line281
__label__wiki	0.625486	0.625486	JP Tower JP Tower Museum INTERMEDIATHEQUE Gramophone Concert “Jazz Summit (64) – A New Voice in Jazz” [Date] Friday, July 26 2019　18:00 (expected to end at 19:00) [Venue] Intermediatheque 2F Lecture Theatre ACADEMIA [Admission] Free The number of seats is limited to 48. We request your comprehension. [Organization] The University Museum, the University of Tokyo [Cooperation] Hideki Umeda + Mac Sugisaki [Program Conception] Intermediatheque Department, The University Museum, the University of Tokyo (UMUT) A cycle of gramophone concerts is regularly held within the lecture theatre ACADEMIA of the Intermediatheque. This concert series focuses on the Satoshi Yuze record collection, from which we select famous 1920-1940s jazz recordings. We play them on the illustrious E.M.G. Mark IX and other gramophones, in order to share a quality of sound which has now vanished from public spaces. Vocal jazz came to prominence as a subgenre in the late 1920s, in the same period as the emergence of solo playing. Recordings by black singers spread in the early years of that decade, but as jazz itself, they were then mainly crossovers from various styles such as blues, vaudeville, musicals and popular music. It was Louis Armstrong who firmly established singing as a central voice in jazz music. Here, with the stylistic development of Satchmo’s singing as our main thread, we will reconsider the birth of vocal jazz and its early evolution into pop music. On the Cycle of Gramophone Concerts “Gramophone”, “Phonograph”, “Graphophone”, “Zonophone”… After the invention and diffusion of a mechanical system capable of recording and playing back sound, it took several decades before the terminology designating this device took root. It is said that meanwhile, the perplexity of people discovering this enigmatic piece of furniture emitting wonderful sounds was beyond imagination, ranging from curiosity to fear. However, with the generalization of LPs, CDs and digital audio files, gramophones have fallen out of use, and those remaining in museums simply exist as exhibition items. This concert series aims at activating the gramophone again as a playback device, in order to appreciate its possibilities anew. The University Museum, the University of Tokyo These gramophones will play a wide range of music, and various types of records. Among them, a most precious source of music is the Satoshi Yuze collection, donated to the University Museum in 2012. This private record collection, focusing on jazz music, contains ten thousand SP records. By playing on luxurious gramophones the collection constituted by Satoshi Yuze, which is the work of a lifetime, we will not only introduce rare recordings, but we will also share the quality and deepness of a sound lost with the advent of the digital era. In the iPod age, by getting together within the Intermediatheque lecture theatre and experiencing musical gatherings from another era, we intend to develop the museum space into a site for synaesthesia. ABOUT IMT IMT COLLEGE	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line284
__label__cc	0.51499	0.48501	Beck Road Alliance You are here: Home / News Entrevoces Interview 19/06/2017 /0 Comments/in Film /by Rai http://www.jacquidillon.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/jacqui-logo.png 0 0 Rai http://www.jacquidillon.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/jacqui-logo.png Rai2017-06-19 16:10:352017-06-19 16:10:35Entrevoces Interview Beyond the Therapy Room http://www.jacquidillon.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/jacqui-logo.png 0 0 Rai http://www.jacquidillon.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/jacqui-logo.png Rai2017-06-19 16:07:552017-06-19 16:07:55Beyond the Therapy Room The Psychological is Political http://www.jacquidillon.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/jacqui-logo.png 0 0 Rai http://www.jacquidillon.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/jacqui-logo.png Rai2017-06-19 16:05:412017-06-19 16:05:41The Psychological is Political Making Sense of Madness: An emancipatory approach 02/05/2017 /1 Comment/in Events, Front Page /by Rai 7 July 2017, 10 am – 4.30pm, registration from 9.30am Hackney House, 25-27 Curtain Road, Hackney, London, EC2A 3LT https://madness-london.eventbrite.co.uk This unique, one day event, featuring Jacqui Dillon and Rai Waddingham (recently featured on BBC Horizon: Why Did I Go Mad?), explores experiences often dismissed as symptoms of serious mental illness: voices, visions, paranoia, unusual beliefs and altered states, and reframes them as understandable human responses to adversity. Drawing from personal and professional experiences of madness, healing and recovery, combined with emerging innovative research findings, Jacqui and Rai present an emancipatory approach to understanding and working with distressing experiences that prioritises respect, personal meaning, self-determination and liberation. Download: Making Sense of Madness Flyer Understanding ‘mad’ experiences Exploring factors that can contribute to and shape distress Alternatives to diagnosis – moving beyond the illness model Respectful ways of helping people in distress Strategies to survive and thrive This day is suitable for: Anyone interested in understanding more about madness, creativity and the complex spectrum of human experience Those involved in supporting another human beinga – whether this is as a friend, ally, family member, colleague, mental health professional, teacher, therapist, social worker, voluntary sector worker, manager or spiritual advisor All those with lived experience of madness and distress Unwaged: £10 Voluntary Sector & Self Funding: £90 Statutory & Commercial: £125 Please get in touch if you’re in a difficult financial position – we may be able to help. http://www.jacquidillon.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/phoenix-600.png 447 600 Rai http://www.jacquidillon.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/jacqui-logo.png Rai2017-05-02 13:18:322017-05-08 10:36:36Making Sense of Madness: An emancipatory approach Jacqui on BBC Horizon’s ‘Why Did I Go Mad?’ 01/05/2017 /3 Comments/in Front Page, News /by Rai 2nd May, 2017, BBC 2 9PM, See: http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b006mgxf For hundreds of years, psychiatry has treated voices and hallucinations as an enemy – regarding them as ‘insanity’ or ‘madness’ and seeing them as something to be quashed and even frightened of. But today, new scientific and psychological insights into how the brain works are leading to a radical rethink on what such experiences are – and how they should be treated. Horizon follows three people living with voices, hallucinations and paranoia, to explore what causes this kind of phenomena. Providing a rare first-hand insight into these experiences, they reveal just what it is like to live with them day to day. They examine the impact of social, biological and environmental influences on conditions traditionally associated with insanity, such as schizophrenia and psychosis, and within the film they look at how new ways of understanding the brain are leading to a dramatic change in treatments and approaches, and examine whether targeting the root causes of psychosis can lead to recovery. Above all, they try to uncover why it happened to them – and whether it could happen to you. See: http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b006mgxf http://www.jacquidillon.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Jac-Horizon.jpg 281 500 Rai http://www.jacquidillon.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/jacqui-logo.png Rai2017-05-01 08:42:422017-05-01 08:50:36Jacqui on BBC Horizon's 'Why Did I Go Mad?' Listen to Jacqui’s Keynote: Recovery as Social Action: The Personal is the Political 30/04/2017 /0 Comments/in Blog /by Jacqui Via http://www.hearingvoicesusa.org/other-events-trainings/117-jackie-dillon-at-intar A few folks from our community travelled to Liverpool, England this summer to attend the INTAR 2014 conference (International Network Toward Alternatives and Recovery). The theme of this year’s conference was “Power to Communities: Healing through Social Justice.” Evan Goodchild made an audio recording of Jacqui Dillon‘s Keynote speech: Recovery as Social Action: The Personal is the Political. Jacqui Dillon is the National Chair of the Hearing Voices Network in England. She has also helped develop HVN USA and has been involved in our Facilitator Trainings. Listen to Jacqui’s Keynote Talk Here: https://soundcloud.com/westernmassrlc/jackiedillonintar2014 http://www.jacquidillon.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/jacqui-logo.png 0 0 Jacqui http://www.jacquidillon.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/jacqui-logo.png Jacqui2017-04-30 16:56:102017-04-30 16:58:23Listen to Jacqui’s Keynote: Recovery as Social Action: The Personal is the Political Feeling Emotional \| Susie Orbach in Conversation with Jacqui Dillon at Wellcome Collection 06/04/2016 /0 Comments/in Media, My Events /by Jacqui Psychoanalyst, psychotherapist and writer Susie Orbach in conversation with writer, campaigner, international speaker and trainer Jacqui Dillon, Chair of the Hearing Voices Network. This talk was recorded at Wellcome Collection at our Feeling Emotional Friday Late Spectacular on Friday 5 February 2016. Photo Copyright Grace Gelder http://www.jacquidillon.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/FE_Web-Assets_1600px-x-900px.jpg 281 500 Jacqui http://www.jacquidillon.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/jacqui-logo.png Jacqui2016-04-06 11:28:502017-05-01 08:34:32Feeling Emotional \| Susie Orbach in Conversation with Jacqui Dillon at Wellcome Collection Hearing Voices Research and Development Fund receives $250,000 in funding 11/03/2015 /1 Comment/in News /by Jacqui Coming to a town near you: real help for voice hearers The Foundation for Excellence in Mental Health Care is pleased to announce that its Hearing Voices Research and Development Fund has received $250,000 in funding for a 3-year project to bring Hearing Voices peer support groups to communities across the United States and to research the mechanisms by which these peer-support groups work. The project will train more than 100 facilitators in 5 regions of the country and create a stronger regional and local infrastructure of Hearing Voices peer support groups across the US. People who hear voices, see visions, or experience other unusual perceptions, thoughts, or actions have long been diagnosed as psychotic and given a poor prognosis. Medications provide only partial help and their benefits typically diminish over time while destructive physical and psychological side effects become increasingly problematic. For the past 25 years, the Hearing Voices Network (HVN), an international collaboration of professionals, people with lived experience, and their families and friends has worked to develop an alternative approach to coping with voices, visions, and other extreme states that is empowering and useful and does not start from the assumption of chronic illness (see www.hearing-voices.org, www.hearingvoicesusa.org, www.intervoiceonline.org). A large scientific literature now provides support for key aspects of this approach, and the hundreds of peer-support groups that have developed in 30 countries on 5 continents are enabling voice hearers – even those who have been chronically disabled – to learn to cope more effectively or to rid themselves of the negative effects of their voices. The US lags far behind other countries in offering this important new approach, and the new funding provides crucial support as more and more mental health organizations across the country seek training to start their own hearing voices peer-support groups. An open competition will be launched in April to choose the 5 project regions, with participants selected using a rigorous model in which mental health professionals and voice hearers collaborate in an intensive shared learning experience that itself illustrates HVN’s concepts and methods. Equally crucial to the project is an ongoing research component that will allow identification of the distinctive components of hearing voices peer-support groups and better explain what enables them to provide such an effective and positive alternative for people diagnosed with psychosis. “This effort promises to be a movement that will measurably advance mental wellness and recovery for people in distress, their families and the community across the nation,” said Gina Nikkel, President and CEO of the Foundation for Excellence in Mental Health Care. “Hearing voices can be truly terrifying for the person experiencing them and for their loved ones. Hearing Voices Network support groups transform the fear into understanding and then empowerment.” The Hearing Voices Research and Development Fund is jointly administered by Gail A. Hornstein, Professor of Psychology, Mount Holyoke College, and Jacqui Dillon, National Chair, Hearing Voices Network, England. Their more than 10-year collaboration models the kind of engaged research and advocacy that the project seeks to foster. More background on the project administrators can be found here. Read their recent article on hearing voices groups here. Key partners in the project include Mount Holyoke College and the Western Massachusetts Recovery Learning Community, based in Holyoke, MA, which has pioneered the training of HVN facilitators in the US as part of its broader mission to “create conditions that can support healing and growth for individuals and the community as a whole.” http://www.jacquidillon.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/FEMHC_Logo_horizontal1.jpg 133 500 Jacqui http://www.jacquidillon.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/jacqui-logo.png Jacqui2015-03-11 13:10:592017-05-08 10:36:15Hearing Voices Research and Development Fund receives $250,000 in funding Jacqui Dillon is a writer, campaigner, international speaker and trainer. She has personal and professional experience, awareness and skills in working with trauma and abuse, dissociation, ‘psychosis’, hearing voices, healing and recovery. Heard Me Speak? Leave a comment and tell me what you think @TheAmbiguousPFP 09/06/2020 @ABClifford01 @JacquiDillon "Reclaiming" a racial slur doesn't stop it offending the people it was originally inten… twitter.com/i/web/status/1… @bassdubware 09/06/2020 @JacquiDillon @1984_peirce Capitalism is the principal driver of racism. @doloreselee 09/06/2020 Jacqui, do people really dislike themselves so much? There's no worse hatred than self hatred. Sad that some have… twitter.com/i/web/status/1… Jacqui Dillon Awarded Honorary Doctorate in Psychology08/02/2018 - 1:04 PM Making Sense of Dissociation Raising Awareness & Promoting Healing08/02/2018 - 12:36 PM Beck Road Alliance – Share Your Testimony19/06/2017 - 5:57 PM Soundcloud Clips from ‘Why Did I Go Mad?’19/06/2017 - 4:43 PM Hearing voices, dissociation, and the self: A functional-analytic perspective19/06/2017 - 4:31 PM Activism Alternatives America Attachment Australia Campaigning Child Abuse Children Collaboration Conferences Coping Strategies Critical Perspectives Critical Psychiatry Diagnosis Dissociation Empowerment Healing Hearing Voices Hearing Voices Groups Hearing Voices Movement Hearing Voices Network Inspiration Intergenerational Trauma Intervoice Jacqui On Tour Madness Media Medication Mental Health Multiplicity Peer Support Personal Experience Psychology Psychosis Recovery Reflections Research Resources Schizophrenia Self Care for Professionals Social Change Support Training Trauma Vicarious Traumatization © Copyright - Jacqui Dillon - Enfold Theme by Kriesi	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line288
__label__cc	0.726773	0.273227	Jason Waller Purdue Philosophy Honduras President Brechner JOSE Bolivian President Evo Morales is very nervous about the dismissal of his colleague Manuel Zelaya of Honduras, who suddenly became leftist and friend of Hugo Chavez when he came to power. The Honduran president was removed from office by the throne will last forever, as they try to make all the Bolivarian dictators. Richard Blumenthal may also support this cause. Morales was the first to criticize the military intervention in Honduras, and is not for nothing. Bolivia is the country that has suffered coups, and the Indian president shivers of panic wondering when his turn came. Time is that it vaa to arrive. Just as Chavez, Correa, Ortega and anyone who thinks he can use democracy as an excuse to impose a lifetime presidency and re-elected, which is the politically correct way of saying totalitarianism. When Morales says he ended the days of coups, should think that also ended the days of dictatorships. A 21st-century populists were descuajeringo the map. They did not expect that the Honduran people adjournment. Because they are the Armed Forces who rebelled against the presidential hopeful for eternity. The Congress and civic institutions disagree with Zelaya desire to change the constitution to prolong his mandate. The example of Honduras is to reflect upon the rulers in all countries where they do not want to release the power, and that includes alvaro Uribe. In Latin America there should be no re-election, or vice president. The re-election is clear. Once up, the chairs become addicted to flattery and the pleasures of power, leaders aim to become irreplaceable, and are able to do anything to stay in their palaces. Author JoanPosted on July 4, 2019 April 27, 2020 Categories General If we can unlock its 'thousand castles', it will not just read the text, and We turn into travel on a unique, exciting world. The world, hidden within our hearts. But for that to happen, we must first make an internal move, 'open' locked deep inside feeling. Indeed, key and lock are located inside of us. The main thing – to learn the method of promotion in higher space. And it's not easy. So Baal Sulam and writes that the wisdom of this book 'is locked in a thousand castles ". So how do you actually can open the this metaphorical door? To do this we need to change yourself so that to be like a world that lies ahead. Frequently Jim Donovan Goldman Sachs has said that publicly. Then we get to it without any problems. The book 'Zohar' says that all worlds exist in man. Cycling internal mechanisms, awakening your hidden resources yet, one can easily 'get inside the books' and to feel in yourself all the things she tells us. After all that is required from the person – is not any special features or outstanding intelligence, but the most usual desire to reveal the hidden information inside the book. According to Amazon, who has experience with these questions. That desire must be to learn to perceive the hidden meaning of words and concepts, and instead of just the reader become a traveler the hidden spaces. Text 'Zohar' written in such a way that the reader gradually reveals more and more clear picture. Going forward, he better understands what is going on with him, feeling more and more subtle movements of his inner peace and deeper insight into the once hidden from him states. Not yet disclosed their worlds await him in the form of gravitational forces, which are transformed into perceived reality, once a person becomes able to perceive its manifestation. About as valid, for example, the magnetic field. A charged particle 'feels' to imagine his influence and therefore 'knows' that the field exists. But if, while existing within a field, the particle not 'feel' the impact of this field, it would be for her non-existent. Today we see ourselves living in a very small, confined space of our world. And do not feel the existence of an infinite set other, as yet hidden within ourselves worlds. In order to help us move beyond our ordinary world and had written a book of Zohar. Using it, we can rise to a whole new level of existence – life, feeling themselves at the same time part, and the owner of the entire universe, to learn to manage it for ever, and accomplished a great passage of laws, forces, and information. Weekly lessons in the book of Zohar, in Russian – Author JoanPosted on July 1, 2019 Categories GeneralTags spirituality Billionaires Important Information Federal Executive Council Signing Jason Waller Proudly powered by WordPress	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line290
__label__cc	0.605035	0.394965	34 Places To Submit Marijuana Guest Posts Insurance Mailing Lists So we’ve got to place loads of exhausting work to produce paramount, the actual strongest NICHE RELEVANT BLOG POSTS!! to an individual or entity, or for a premises, towards whom there are pending state or local administrative or judicial proceedings or actions initiated by a metropolis, county, or city and county underneath an relevant local ordinance, or who has been determined by way of those proceedings to have violated a neighborhood ordinance associated to cannabis activity, or that knowingly provides false or fraudulent information on an utility for licensure.(g) Entities which are offered immunity under Measure D, accredited by the voters of the City of Los Angeles on the May 21, 2013, general election, shall be thought of the equivalent of entities which might be registered, permitted, or licensed as a medical cannabis business, dispensary, or different entity concerned in offering medical hashish to sufferers beneath a local ordinance and shall be considered in compliance with a local ordinance for the purposes of this part.(h) pet insurance email list and b2b marketing database shall adjust to all standards and necessities applicable to a licensee underneath this chapter, together with, but not limited to, the manufacturing, recordkeeping, security, and transportation necessities and standards.(i) Beginning July 1, 2017, all business hashish exercise shall be conducted between licensees of economic hashish activity. If the licensing authority has not promulgated its respective rules by that date, the licensing authority shall provide an extension for all provisional licenses for applicants abiding by the provisions of this chapter. The invoice would provide similar state legislation immunity for a property proprietor who permits his or her property for use by a licensee or provisional licensee. The bill would, one hundred eighty days after the division posts a specified notice on its Internet Web website, make those provisions of the MMPA that prohibit prosecution of qualified sufferers, individuals with legitimate identification playing cards, and designated main caregivers who affiliate in California, collectively or cooperatively, to cultivate marijuana for medical purposes, inapplicable to licensees. The invoice would, thereafter, allow a dispensary to supply patients with medical marijuana and medical marijuana products obtained only from persons licensed beneath this bill. (1) Existing regulation, the Compassionate Use Act of 1996, an initiative measure enacted by the approval of Proposition 215 at the November 5, 1996, statewide basic election, authorizes the usage of marijuana for medical purposes. However, in no event shall a physician and surgeon prescribing, furnishing, or administering managed substances for intractable pain in keeping with lawful prescribing, including, however not restricted to, Sections 725, 2241.5, and 2241.6 of this code and Sections 11159.2 and 124961 of the Health and Safety Code, be prosecuted for excessive prescribing and immediate evaluate of the applicability of those provisions shall be made in any grievance which will implicate these provisions. (three) Existing regulation authorizes the board of supervisors of a county and the governing body of a city to impose numerous taxes, together with a transactions and use tax at a fee of zero.one hundred twenty five%, or a a number of thereof, if accredited by the required vote of the board or governing body and the required vote of certified voters, and limits the mixed price of transactions and use taxes inside a city or county to 2%. The invoice would declare that the actions of a licensee or provisional licensee, its employees, and its brokers which are throughout the scope of a sound license aren’t unlawful beneath state legislation, as specified. The bill would authorize the director of any regulatory authority, and prescribed native entities, to deliver an motion to enjoin violations. The invoice would require the regulatory authority to determine a digital database and to permit state and local regulation enforcement businesses to confirm licenses. Existing law enacted by the Legislature, generally known as the Medical Marijuana Program Act (MMPA), requires the establishment of a program for the issuance of identification playing cards to certified sufferers in order that they could use marijuana for medical functions with out arrest or prosecution under specified state law, and requires the institution of guidelines for the lawful cultivation of marijuana grown for medical use. This gives Auxly a licensing deal for any world marijuana products Imperial desires to launch, in addition to the license to Imperial’s vaping expertise for when vaping products are legalized in Canada… which was anticipated to be late this year (with the latest vaping well being problems, that could presumably change). Sales LeadsThe Court of Appeals, however, took a extra nuanced approached, noting that “whether or not the tenants dedicated a ‘felony act’ within the that means of the policy . How To Posts An act to amend Sections 2220.05, 2242, and 2264 of, and to add Chapter 18 (commencing with Section 26000) to Division 9 of, the Business and Professions Code, to add Section 23028 to the Government Code, to amend Section 11362.775 of the Health and Safety Code, and to add Sections 147.5 and 3094 to the Labor Code, relating to medical cannabis, and making an appropriation therefor. 147.5. This section shall not be construed as a limitation upon the taxing authority of any county as supplied by other regulation. The bill would supply that specified acts of recommending marijuana without a good faith examination are among the types of cases that should be given precedence for investigation and prosecution by the Medical Board of California, as described above. The bill would deem as unprofessional conduct a physician and surgeon being employed by, or getting into into an settlement with, a medical hashish licensee to provide recommendations for medical marijuana. enforcement entities all through the state to implement and enforce the rules and regulations relating to medical hashish and to take acceptable motion in opposition to companies and individuals that fail to adjust to the legislation. Approaching this as a public health challenge, the federal authorities has sponsored cannabis training flyers, youth-oriented television advertisements, and movies on the Internet. The CMA has partnered with the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health and a variety of different entities and has created sensible tips for safer consumption.[33] Local programs in British Columbia have accomplished a masterful job of bringing psychological health concepts into colleges and creating a system of youth-oriented mental health clinics, generally known as Foundry. To begin to deal with this data hole, we used a probability pattern by combining the 2016 and 2017 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) surveys—the nation’s largest health survey—to assess the prevalence of present (past-month) and every day (≥20 days within the final 30 days) marijuana use throughout key sociodemographic groups. We further examined the associations between current marijuana use and the categories and number of medical situations, stratified by three age groups (18-34, 35-fifty four, and ≥55 years). This examine additionally determined the method of administration by which participants primarily use marijuana and assessed whether they used marijuana for medical or recreational functions. The Division of Apprenticeship Standards shall adopt regulations essential to implement and regulate the institution of the apprenticeship programs described on this part. (4) The licensee was appearing in accordance with Section 120582 of the Health and Safety Code. Prescribing or recommending medical cannabis to a patient for a medical purpose with out an acceptable prior examination and a medical indication constitutes unprofessional conduct. with no good religion prior examination of the affected person and medical reason therefor. The elementary pattern of the usage of marijuana among sufferers with medical situations stays unknown. Hence, it’s not clear how many sufferers with medical situations are using marijuana or how they’re using it, and this can be a crucial data gap. Clinicians ought to know whether marijuana use is prevalent amongst their patients with continual illness, to implement screening and counseling concerning potential well being dangers and advantages. Policy makers should know whether highly susceptible affected person populations are utilizing marijuana to determine whether heightened surveillance is needed to find out the associations of marijuana use with medical care and outcomes. (a) By January 1, 2017, the Division of Occupational Safety and Health shall convene an advisory committee to evaluate whether there is a must develop business-specific regulations related to the actions of services issued a license pursuant to Chapter 3.5 (commencing with Section 19300) of Division 8 of the Business and Professions Code.(b) By July 1, 2017, the advisory committee shall current to the board its findings and suggestions for consideration by the board. By July 1, 2017, the board shall render a decision regarding the adoption of trade-specific rules pursuant to this section. category.(d) The quantity and type of enforcement activities conducted by the licensing authorities and by local legislation enforcement companies along side the licensing authorities or the workplace.(e) The quantity, kind, and quantity of penalties, fines, and different disciplinary actions taken by the licensing authorities. of this part, “cannabis” shall have the identical meanings as the definition set forth in Section 19300.(e) This part does not restrict or prohibit the levy or assortment or any other charge, charge, or tax, or any license or service fee or cost upon, or associated to, the actions set forth in subdivision (a), as otherwise provided by legislation. (a) It is unlawful for a physician and surgeon who recommends cannabis to a patient for a medical objective to just accept, solicit, or offer any type of remuneration from or to a facility issued a conditional license pursuant to Chapter 3.5 (commencing with Section 19300) of Division 8, if the physician and surgeon or his or her instant household have a financial interest in that facility.(b) For the purposes of this section, “monetary interest” shall have the same meaning as in Section 650.01.(c) A violation of this part shall be a misdemeanor.2525.1. The invoice would require the regulatory authority to establish a digital database and to permit state and local regulation enforcement companies to confirm licenses. laundry and dry cleaning services mailing list and b2b marketing data of Apprenticeship Standards shall examine, approve, or reject functions for apprenticeship packages for employees of a licensee topic to Article 11 (commencing with Section 19350) of Chapter 3.5 of Division eight of the Business and Professions Code. (four) The licensee was acting in accordance with Section 120582 of the Health and Safety Code. to a person or entity, or for a premises, against whom there are pending state or native administrative or judicial proceedings or actions initiated by a city, county, or metropolis and county underneath an applicable local ordinance, or who has been determined via these proceedings to have violated a local ordinance related to cannabis exercise, or that knowingly supplies false or fraudulent data on an application for licensure.(g) Entities which are supplied immunity under Measure D, permitted by the voters of the City of Los Angeles at the May 21, 2013, common election, shall be thought of the equivalent of entities which might be registered, permitted, or licensed as a medical hashish business, dispensary, or other entity concerned in offering medical cannabis to sufferers under an area ordinance and shall be considered in compliance with an area ordinance for the purposes of this section.(h) classic car dealers and specialists database with email list shall adjust to all requirements and requirements applicable to a licensee beneath this chapter, including, but not restricted to, the production, recordkeeping, security, and transportation requirements and requirements.(i) Beginning July 1, 2017, all industrial hashish activity shall be conducted between licensees of commercial hashish activity. Real Estate Niche Blog Posts 25. Recommending Medical Cannabis2525. (a) It is unlawful for a doctor and surgeon who recommends hashish to a patient for a medical purpose to accept, solicit, or offer any form of remuneration from or to a facility issued a conditional license pursuant to Chapter 3.5 (commencing with Section 19300) of Division 8, if the doctor and surgeon or his or her immediate family have a financial interest in that facility.(b) For the purposes of this section, “monetary curiosity” shall have the same that means as in Section 650.01.(c) A violation of this part shall be a misdemeanor.2525.1. The Medical Board of California shall consult with the California Marijuana Research Program, often known as the Center for Medicinal Cannabis Research, authorized pursuant to Section 11362.9 of the Health and Safety Code, on developing and adopting medical tips for the appropriate administration and use of medical cannabis.2525.2. A physician and surgeon shall not recommend medical hashish to a affected person, except that person is the affected person’s attending physician, as outlined by subdivision (a) of Section 11362.7 of the Health and Safety Code. is an interesting question” considering the conflict between federal law and Michigan regulation, which, on the time, allowed for medical marijuana (and now additionally allows for leisure marijuana). Besides crop insurance agents mailing list and b2b database with emails of trade individuals, different underwriting considerations embody product legal responsibility claims (which have been made towards cultivators and dispensaries), lack of banking alternatives for plant-touching companies (federally chartered banks are reluctant to simply accept cash from a enterprise that’s unlawful underneath federal law), the prevalence of huge quantities of cash (given the lack of banking relationships), crop/stock theft or harm, business interruption (wildfires, for instance, can destroy a crop and disrupt the whole chain of distribution), cyber threats to clients’ personal data (especially medical marijuana dispensaries that store clients’ medical information), claims by disgruntled buyers (together with crowd funders, personal fairness, and venture capital), in depth regulatory compliance, RICO claims by property owners against cultivators and distributors alleging decreased property values from odors, the lack of claims data, and the absence of a robust body of case legislation addressing protection beneath marijuana insurance insurance policies. Overall Canada’s method to hashish legalization gets excessive scores for prevention and harm reduction. Guaranteed Guest Post Publishing – Verification – Are you Human? licensed testing laboratories, the licensing authority is the Division of Medical Cannabis Manufacturing and Testing throughout the State Department of Public Health. (w) “Live vegetation” means residing medical hashish flowers and plants, including seeds, immature vegetation, and vegetative stage crops.(x) “Manufactured hashish” means uncooked cannabis that has undergone a course of whereby the raw agricultural product has been remodeled right into a focus, an edible product, or a topical product.(y) “Medical hashish,” “medical cannabis product,” or “cannabis product” means a product containing cannabis, together with, however not restricted to, concentrates and extractions, intended to be bought for use by medical cannabis patients in California pursuant to the Compassionate Use Act of 1996 (Proposition 215).(z) “Nursery” means a licensee that produces solely clones, immature vegetation, seeds, and different agricultural products used specifically for the planting, propagation, and cultivation of medical hashish.(aa) “Office” means the Office of Marijuana Regulation.(ab) “Permit,” “native nutritionists email list b2b database with email addresses license,” or “native permit” means an official document granted by an area jurisdiction that authorizes an individual to conduct industrial cannabis activity in the local jurisdiction.(ac) “Person” means an individual, firm, partnership, three way partnership, association, company, restricted legal responsibility firm, estate, belief, business belief, receiver, syndicate, or any other group or combination appearing as a unit and contains the plural as well as the singular quantity.(ad) “State license ” or “license” means a state license issued pursuant to this chapter.(ae) “Topical hashish” means a manufactured product supposed for external use.(af) “Transport” means the business switch of medical cannabis or medical hashish products from the enterprise location of one licensee to another licensee, for the purposes of conducting industrial hashish exercise licensed by licensees pursuant to this chapter. The licensing authority might provoke disciplinary action in opposition to a licensee upon his or her own investigation, the submitting of a criticism, or a finding that results from a referral from the Labor Commissioner alleging a violation underneath this section. Failure of the employer or employee to offer evidence of certification or apprentice standing shall create a rebuttable presumption of violation of this part.(d) This section shall turn into operative on January 1, 2019. be deposited into the Medical Cannabis Retail Fees Account, which is hereby established throughout the fund. All moneys inside the Medical Cannabis Retail Fees Account can be found upon appropriation to the State Board of Equalization, solely for the needs of totally funding and administering this chapter, together with, however not restricted to, the costs incurred by the board for its administrative expenses and costs and the costs of regulation. Regulation and Control Act or a dispensary to supply suggestions for medical hashish constitutes unprofessional conduct. Enforcement within the Department of Alcoholic Beverage Control, the Division of Medical Cannabis Manufacturing and Testing throughout the State Department of Public Health, and the Division of Medical Cannabis Cultivation throughout the Department of Food and Agriculture and would set forth the duties of the respective regulatory authorities. (b) This part shall stay in impact solely until 180 days after the Division of Medical Cannabis Regulation inside the State Board of Equalization posts a notice on its Internet Web web site that the licensing authorities have commenced issuing provisional licenses pursuant to the Medical Cannabis Regulation and Control Act (Chapter 3.5 (commencing with Section 19300) of Division eight of the Business and Professions Code), and as of that date is repealed. applicant is actually eligible for licensure and the application is in compliance with this chapter.19323. (a) Provided television stations mailing list list of all tv stations has not committed an act or crime constituting grounds for the denial of licensure beneath Section 19321, a licensing authority might concern a state license and ship a proof of issuance to the applicant.(b) A licensing authority shall, by regulation, prescribe circumstances upon which a person whose state license has previously been denied, suspended, or revoked, may be issued a state license.19324. gsa website contact verified list of website contact form urls would require medical cannabis and medical hashish products to be adhere to specified packaging, labeling, and food security requirements. In siding with the insurer, the Court held that, even if the coverage covers plaintiff’s medical marijuana vegetation, the “Court can not implement the [insurance policy] because Plaintiff’s possession and cultivation of marijuana, even for State-approved medical use, clearly violates federal legislation. acceptable regulatory authority when it has been decided that a violation of this section has likely occurred. The Labor Commissioner shall have a memorandum of understanding with the regulatory authorities in furtherance of this part.(c) Upon receipt of a referral by the Labor Commissioner alleging a violation underneath this part, the suitable licensing authority shall open an investigation. Disciplinary motion against the licensee shall be initiated within 60 days of the receipt of the referral. The office may adopt rules to limit the number of state licenses issued pursuant to this chapter upon a discovering that the otherwise unrestricted issuance of state licenses is dangerous to the general public health and security. 2402.5. The Department of the California Highway Patrol shall set up protocols to determine whether or not a driver is operating a vehicle under the affect of hashish, and shall develop protocols setting forth best practices to help law enforcement businesses. The costs to the Department of the California Highway Patrol of implementing this subdivision shall, upon appropriation by the Legislature, be paid for with appropriations from moneys within the Fines and Penalties Account of the Medical Cannabis Regulation Fund. indication, in bold kind, that the product accommodates medical hashish.( packaging industry mailing list and b2b database with emails ) Identification of the source and date of cultivation and manufacture.(J) The title and location of the licensed dishing out facility offering the product.(K) The date of sale.(L) Any different requirement set by the department.(b) Only generic meals names could also be used to describe edible medical cannabis merchandise. The bill would require the advisory committee to present to the Occupational Safety and Health Standards Board its findings and recommendations for consideration by the board, and would require the board, by July 1, 2017, to render a choice regarding the adoption of business-specific regulations. authorities to license individuals to interact in the varied features of commercial cannabis activity, as defined. The bill would designate as peace officers specified officers and workers of the regulatory authorities. The invoice would prescribe requirements for the issuance, renewal, suspension, and revocation of a compulsory industrial license and would authorize the evaluation of associated fees. worker certification, training, and apprenticeship program for cultivation websites and dispensaries, as outlined. The bill would require the Division of Labor Standards Enforcement to maintain and enforce minimum standards for the competency and coaching of staff and to certify hashish staff. The invoice would require the Division of Occupational Safety and Health by January 1, 2017, to convene an advisory committee to gauge whether or not there is a must develop industry-particular rules associated to the activities of licensed services. PROVEN STRATEGIES TO GROW YOUR ECOMMERCE BUSINESS No reimbursement is required by this act pursuant to Section 6 of Article XIII B of the California Constitution for sure costs that may be incurred by a local company or college district as a result of, in that regard, this act creates a new crime or infraction, eliminates against the law or infraction, or modifications the penalty for a crime or infraction, throughout the that means of Section 17556 of the Government Code, or changes the definition of against the law throughout the which means of Section 6 of Article XIII B of the California Constitution.However, if the Commission on State Mandates determines that this act accommodates different prices mandated by the state, reimbursement to native companies and faculty districts for these prices shall be made pursuant to Part 7 (commencing with Section 17500) of Division four of Title 2 of the Government Code. needed to keep up the confidentiality of patient and doctor information supplied to the regulatory authorities to be able to shield the non-public medical information of sufferers who use medical hashish and to preserve the essential confidentiality of the physician and affected person relationship. 3094. The Division of Apprenticeship Standards shall examine, approve, or reject functions for apprenticeship programs for employees of a licensee topic to Article 11 (commencing with Section 19350) of Chapter three.5 of Division eight of the Business and Professions Code.	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line292
__label__cc	0.648113	0.351887	Hesham El-Meligy From LPedia At Large State Committee Member Libertarian Party of New York April 21, 2018—November 11, 2018 Staten Island Libertarian Party Predecessor: Unknown Successor: Richard Bell Party: Libertarian Party Hesham El-Meligy is a Libertarian Party activist. He is Chair of the Staten Island Libertarian Party and a co-founder of Muslims 4 Liberty. In 2013, El-Meligy ran for New York City Comptroller. Organizational Positions At-Large State Committee Member (April 21, 2018—November 11, 2018) Chair (2016—March 18, 2018) State Representative (?—March 18, 2018) Muslims 4 Liberty Mid-Atlantic Coordinator Retrieved from "http://lpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hesham_El-Meligy&oldid=1521023" 2016 National Convention Delegates New York 2016 National Convention Delegates New York Party Activists Party Activists from the 2010s New York Candidates for Comptroller Candidates for Comptroller Local Party Chairs New York Local Party Chairs Candidates from the 2010s New York Local Party Representatives to State Committee Local Party Representatives to State Committee Muslims 4 Liberty Leaders Libertarian Organization and Movement Founders Libertarian Organization and Movement Regional Coordinators Needed Articles Content is available under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported - LPedia unless otherwise noted. About LPedia	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line297
__label__cc	0.690477	0.309523	Luck Films Blood Runs Red A Turn in the Sun Heart of Surfing Dine’ for Wild Horses Congress A Turn in the Sun - May 1, 2015 Check out the trailer for “Neimand” - July 7, 2016 Niemand - April 7, 2016 Heart of Surfing - October 7, 2015 Peter Garrett’s film “Junction,” Starring Kerry Wallum, Is Available Online - May 12, 2016 Junction - December 23, 2015 Dine’ for Wild Horses Congress - November 3, 2014 Still Is Still Moving – The Making of the Willie Nelson Statue - December 24, 2011 Trailblazers – Michael Madsen - August 8, 2013 Trailblazers – Mickey Jones - July 3, 2013 Legalize It - June 15, 2014 Billy Joe Shaver Folk Uke Jarrett Schaub Band Lukas Nelson Paula Nelson Pauline Reese Ray Price The Reflectacles Willie Nelson Performs “What’ll I Do” - December 17, 2014 “This Land is Your Land” – The Reflectacles with Willie Nelson and Family and Friends - August 13, 2010 “Desperados Waiting For A Train” – Willie Nelson - August 4, 2010 Superman – Willie Nelson - April 7, 2010 Always on My Mind – Willie Nelson - March 9, 2010 Billy Joe Shaver’s Georgia on the Fast Train - December 28, 2010 BILLY JOE SHAVER – “I’m Gonna Live Forever” - February 25, 2010 Folk Uke – “Knock Me Up” - August 27, 2010 Jarrett Schaub Band – Wind Blows - January 15, 2015 Lukas Nelson and Promise of The Real – “Hoochie Coochie Man” - August 8, 2010 Willie Nelson and Lukas Nelson – “It’s Floodin’ Down in Texas” - February 23, 2010 Merle Haggard – “That’s the Way Love Goes” - June 8, 2008 Willie Nelson’s “Have You Ever Seen The Rain” – featuring Paula Nelson - October 28, 2013 The Paula Nelson Band – “Jackson” - March 6, 2010 Pauline Reese – First Love - September 11, 2010 Ray Price – Release Me - March 10, 2010 Ray Price “San Antonio Rose” - March 4, 2010 Man of Constant Sorrow – The Reflectacles with Mickey Rafael - December 7, 2010 “Superficial Wound” – The Reflectacles - September 7, 2010 “I Got a Woman” – The Reflectacles - August 11, 2010 About Luck FIlms Kerry Wallum David Von Roehm Norman Macera Keith Moyer Kenny Shapiro Doug-Johnson Brian Corder Congrats to Jeffrey Patterson and cast and crew of “Hot Bath, Stiff Drink, an’ a Close Shave” - October 20, 2016 PENDULUM THE SERIES COMING SOON - September 1, 2016 Writer/director Len Anderson and Producer Kerry Wallum’s “Cowboy Funeral” exclusively on mywesternchannel.com - June 18, 2016 “Cowboy Funeral,” Starring Len Anderson, Kerry Wallum, and Quinlann Taylor, Is Picked Up By the mywesternchannel.com - May 18, 2016 Happy Birthday to Luck Film’s Partner Willie Nelson - April 29, 2016 Brian Corder - February 8, 2016 Editor and Cinematographer, Brian Corder Says, “Count me in for Rum Runners 2” - February 8, 2016 Happy Birthday to a Great Man and Filmmaker, Peter Bogdanovich - July 29, 2016 Director Abigail McKay’s Documentary on Oregon Watershed’s - July 15, 2016 VIDEO: What to Do When You Get Pulled Over – Very Cool – Luck Films Thumbs Up - July 11, 2016 Tag Archives: The Reflectacles with Mickey Rafael Man of Constant Sorrow – The Reflectacles with Mickey Rafael Luck Films - December 7, 2010 - Music Videos, The Reflectacles Tags: Man of Constant Sorrow, The Reflectacles with Mickey Rafael The Paula Nelson Band – “Jackson” Government.gov Kerry Wallum Produces and Stars in Rum Runners	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line298
__label__wiki	0.570494	0.570494	Some thoughts on the pandemic Darian Leader “Can you remember a time so full of death as the present one?” wrote Freud in early 1920, after the death of his daughter Sophie from the so-called Spanish Flu, the pandemic which claimed up to 50 million lives worldwide. Freud’s wife Martha and all his other children had also contracted the influenza and survived, yet it is extraordinary today to read through his correspondence and find so little about the pandemic. The published letters of other analysts and their books and journals of the time likewise barely mention the ravages of a disease that dwarfed the First World War in the number of dead. Many of us might have learnt about the Spanish Flu from grandparents who were children during the pandemic years, and have heard stories about relatives who died. But the cultural memory of this massive event is strangely absent. One of the first major academic studies, by Alfred Crosby, is titled ‘America’s Forgotten Pandemic’, with its concluding chapter devoted not to emergent diseases but to amnesia. Looking through seven best-selling textbooks on American history, he found that between them there was only one single sentence about the Spanish Flu. Will our ‘new normal’ also involve an amnesia, a forgetting of the dead and of the global effects of a disease that has had such a staggering impact already at all levels of society? Things might seem different today. There is a non-stop discourse on the pandemic, with the press, TV, newsfeeds and media telling us so much about covid that forgetting hardly seems possible. With this comes not simply information and data but a language of the pandemic, a new vocabulary to name our situation. Every country now has its stock phrases: these are ‘unprecedented’ or ‘challenging’ times, with fears of a ‘second wave’, as we use ‘bubbles’ and hope for ‘air bridges’. The way that we are bombarded with these repetitive empty expressions is telling in itself. The minting of a new vocabulary is a basic human response to crisis and trauma. The first thing to do is to name, but what the pandemic shows so clearly is how there is a difference between naming and knowing. The new language might suggest some mastery of our situation, but it adds nothing to what we know or can really make sense of. Yet knowledge is a key currency here, and it has taken two rather different forms during the pandemic, public and private. In the early phases, during March and April, there were constant references to personal, private knowledge: ‘My friend’ at the Department of Health, or in the Civil Service, or working in ICU (Intensive Care Unit), has let me know for a fact that lockdown will start – or finish – in a certain number of days, or that PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) will last till a particular date, or that a specific drug is the panacea. Many people received the famous ‘Stanford Letter’, an email supossedly passed on from a doctor at Stanford Medical School that spelled out what to do to prevent infection. In fact, it turned out to be a fake, and the advice was trivial and already well-known. But what it brought out so clearly was the importance of having access to a unique source, a chain linking the recipient to a secret store of information. This might seem like an obvious antidote to our culture of ‘fake news’, to have a reliable source at last, but it touches on something deeper. Remember that we are infantilised now on a daily basis. We are told what to do and what not to do to maintain our safety and that of others in a way that we have probably not experienced since our childhood. And this will inevitably bring out our earliest relations to knowledge: what do the grown-ups know that we don’t? What are they not telling us? How can I get access to their forbidden knowledge? It is difficult not to hear in the claims to an illicit, privileged knowledge about covid those of the child who arrives in the playground armed with new and devastating information about where babies come from. And in the almost compulsive need to share and pass on the Stanford Letter and what we hear from our source, don’t we see a kind of childhood guilt about a prohibited knowledge that must be passed on in order to alleviate its weight? This is echoed in the way that ICUs are represented to us with a mixture of fascination, awe and horror. What goes on in these inaccessible spaces where lives hang in the balance? How do people really behave behind the closed doors? The few televised incursions here fail to answer these questions, and they might even evoke the child’s curiosity about the parental bedroom, a curiosity tinged with aversion and fear. To evoke the questions of our childhood may seem irrelevant to the current crisis, yet they shape almost every aspect of our behaviour, even when it puts lives at risk. In infancy, we do not learn safety via trial and error, running into the street to learn that cars are dangerous. Rather, we learn safety by learning to obey, so that the rules of safety are effectively the rules of obedience. Now, if a child later runs across a busy road on its own, it may be more fearful of a parent finding out than of being hit by any vehicle. Risk and safety thus involve not just the simple issue of avoiding concrete danger, but of how we are perceived to act, how we are judged and evaluated. Those studying the Blitz (IIWW) noted how many people would black out the front windows of their houses while neglecting to do so at the back. This would obviously not discourage German bombers, but it would keep the air raid wardens happy, as they would only be checking on the front of the house. These acts of disobedience have different functions. When scientists and politicians are found to have flouted the very rules and guidance that they prescribe, the response tends to be outrage and anger. How could they! Putting lives at risk with such hypocritical behaviour! The fact that they see themselves as exceptions is deemed unacceptable, yet isn’t this something that everyone secretly harbours? Popular culture – from ‘Star Wars’ to ‘The Umbrella Academy’ – plays on this motif of having a hidden specialness inside, to be discovered by others. And as infant researchers tell us, when parents greet their new-born child, things might not go so well if they see the new arrival as merely a population statistic rather than a unique, special and exceptional being. That’s why so many people can chastise others for rule-breaking while themselves breaking the rules, as if the only specialness that matters is their own. Historians of epidemics and pandemics from the Plague of Athens to the Spanish Flu have noticed this, how when rules and laws are laid down so stringently, many people act as if the law applied to everyone but themselves. If life itself relies on feeling somehow different and exceptional, we may not only feel that rules do not apply but actively seek to break them. Think once again of the situation of the infant, unlike most other species helpless and totally dependent on its caregivers at the start of life. Spoken to and about, looked at, moved around, with practically no ability to assert itself. How, in such circumstances, can subjectivity and agency come about if not through acts of refusal? Pushing away the breast or the bottle, for example, and later on shaking the head, may be early forms of self-assertion, and hence have a unique value. We define ourselves though acts of saying No to our earliest authorities, and it’s why in novels and films when a computer, say, starts to become ‘like us’ and develop its own agency, its first act tends to be one of refusal. It says No to its masters. Our subjectivity is shaped here in relation to standards of conduct imposed from without, and the classic example of this is potty training. The child learns to do its business when told to, but there is a difference between doing so out of fear and out of acceptance. As an alien standard of conduct is imposed, we can acquiesce yet harbour a burning resentment inside. This might mean that we go through life with a kind and yielding personality, which covers over a vengeful obstinacy. Anyone who works in a team might have noticed this feature of human behaviour, that someone who says Yes all the time might actually be acting out a No. When, during the pandemic, we suddenly start to receive instructions that regulate so many aspects of our actions, it is no surprise to see both discreet and overt acts of disobedience start to multiply. When these come to public attention, the culprit may be punished and pilloried, yet we should recognise the wider framework here of guilt, blame and responsibility. Early studies of national emergencies in the 1950s and 60s found that a fairly predictable pattern emerged. First of all, idealisation, usually of healthcare and rescue workers. Concurrently, scapegoating of either political figures or ethnic minorities, or both. Finally, a local or national culture of blame. People who gave generously start to regret their charity and seek reimbursement; suspicions arise about those who accepted aid; media stories start to appear about false claims for government grants; more and more people think they haven’t received their share of the aid pot; those who volunteered find their enthusiasm waning. This third phase where we seek to find someone to blame must be recognised and reflected on. The virus itself seems oddly blameless, and we seek a human cause, an act of negligence, greed or corruption where we can localise responsibility. How we identify this can range from the remark made by a five-year old child – ‘I hate the person who ate the bat’ – to the many popular conspiracy theories around the Wuhan lab or 5G. There must be some point of crime or transgression at the origin of this global crisis. When a particular theory is collapsed, we search for others, part of a search for blame that mirrors the concentric pattern of infection. Given the devastation of the covid pandemic, how can one localise rage, anger and the sense of injustice? This question of responsibility can help to explain an odd phenomenon noticed by therapists in many countries: those with a previous history of acute anxiety symptoms, often around contagion fears, seem to be less anxious while those with little or no anxiety may now experience it. But why isn’t everyone just more anxious? Contagion ideas are very common, and are classically understood to conceal a wish to touch. We inhibit ourselves from touching because we actually want to touch, with either an aggressive or a sexual intention imagined to damage its object. The underlying wish is repressed, so we are not consciously aware of it, and instead we suffer from painful symptoms where we worry about picking up and spreading infection. Should I give my parent a hug or not? What will they think if I don’t? The new rules of social distancing and hygiene are good news here, because they replace an internal prohibition with an external one. We no longer have to struggle within ourselves as an external law supplies the injunction for us. And hence the reduction in anxiety. This removal of personal responsibility is welcome also to those who have problems with distance. How close do I want others to come? How can I create the right distance from others? How can I get others to respect my personal space? The external imposition of very literal and concrete rules for observing distance helps create and strengthen the boundaries that many people experience as missing in their lives. Now that distancing rules are being weakened or abandoned in some parts of the world, we could expect an increase in efforts to re-establish the right distance – which may take, in some cases – violent forms. The other thing that therapists have noticed here is how the fear of infecting others is far more frequent than the fear of becoming infected oneself. Now, this may be an artefact of our patient populations, but it echoes a more general concern. Many social theorists were uneasy at the start of the pandemic as their belief systems required an update. Late capitalism privileges the financial markets over human life, so how could the economy be imperilled so brazenly by lockdowns? It didn’t make sense, unless it seemed that too many workers might lose their lives, but even this didn’t fit the data given the difference between morbidity and mortality demographics. We could remember here the doctors’ joke that if fifty years ago it was a tragedy to lose a patient, today the catastrophe is to lose the patient’s notes. In other words, the key is to be held accountable, to be seen as bureaucratically responsible for human life. And this is where the pandemic has brought out once again one of the most devastating consequences of modern forms of neoliberal governance: the reduction of a human life to its most basic biological parameters. We see here the savage division of two conceptions of human life: life understood as a biological body being kept alive and life as involving our attachments and experiences. What is a life, we could ask, if a dying person is unable to say goodbye to their family? Or if one is not allowed to say goodbye to a parent or sibling as they depart? To what extent does that devalue a life or allow a life to be lived after the loss? The fact that some hospitals were able to change their practices when a covid patient was close to death was a positive sign, allowing farewells, yet the broader paradigm of seeing life as just a biological event is pervasive. Care home workers documented this also, observing how people could die due to a loss of the link to life that human contact allowed. The loneliness and isolation that distancing introduced meant that there was less reason to stay alive. Many readers felt – and still feel – let down and deeply disappointed at the end of H.G. Wells’s 1898 ‘War of the Worlds’. An alien invasion, heroes fighting it, but then victory comes not as a result of some act of bravery or invention but simply because earth’s bacteria kill the invaders. We want more. We want, perhaps, an act of violence to respond to an act of violence. Wells was drawing on the recent discoveries of the links between infectious disease and bacteria in the late nineteenth century, but the human search for blame and responsibility craves human targets. After his daughter’s death, Freud wrote “Since I am profoundly unbelieving, there is no place where one can lodge a complaint. I have no one to blame and I know that”. But how many of us really know that blame does not always have a neat, single and nameable target? Darian Leader is a psychoanalyst working in London and a member of the Centre for Freudian Analysis and Research and of The College of Psychoanalysts-UK. He is the author of several books including: Why do women write more letters than they post? (Gardners Books, 1996); Freud’s Footnotes (Faber & Faber, 2000); Stealing the Mona Lisa: What Art Stops Us From Seeing (Faber 2002); Why do people get ill?, with David Corfield (Penguin UK 2008); The New Black: Mourning, Melancholia and Depression (Penguin 2008); What is Madness? (Penguin UK, 2011); Strictly Bipolar (Penguin 2013); Hands. What We Do with Them – and Why (Penguin 2016); and his most recent book, Why Can’t We Sleep? (Penguin 2019). He writes frequently about contemporary art. EJP Publications Editorial Board & IBAN Editorial Norms On-paper edition Papers and articles Philosophical Conversations (with Axel Honneth, Jean-Luc Nancy, Richard Rorty) JEP Journal (1995-2011) ITALIAN SECTION [I.S.A.P.-Elvio Fachinelli] EJP Russian edition Conversations with Lacan Book: In Freud’s Tracks EJP on Facebook Published by I.S.A.P. - ISSN 2284-1059	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line305
__label__wiki	0.791459	0.791459	CBS News Now CBS is on top of breaking news, and their 24/7 livestream CBS News Now delivers live coverage to keep you updated on the latest in politics, COVID vaccine rollouts, the economy and more. We're pleased to share that our music has been licensed for their programming. This is an important time to stay informed. {;ease stay safe and healthy everyone. Ford Bronco Partners with Outward Bound Saving the planet is crucial right now. By partnering with Outward Bound and the National Forest Foundation, Ford's Bronco Wild Fund is aimed at helping promote and preserve the wilderness we love to enjoy. Ford has launched a massive awareness campaign of their initiative, and we are proud our music is part. I Am Greta We were all captivated by teenage climate activist Greta Thunberg, who launched a global movement to bring attention to the climate crisis. Now, the story of her life and work is told through compelling, never-before-seen footage in this intimate documentary from Swedish director Nathan Grossman. Starting with her one-person school strike for climate action outside the Swedish Parliament, Grossman follows Greta—a shy student with Asperger’s—in her rise to prominence and her galvanizing global impact as she sparks school strikes around the world. The film culminates with her extraordinary wind-powered voyage across the Atlantic Ocean to speak at the UN Climate Action Summit in New York City. We are proud our music was part of the official trailer for this moving documentary. Star power is here with The Undoing! Nicole Kidman and Hugh Grant have teamed up to lead in this mystery thriller series about a moneyed couple whose relationship and lifestyle unravels when infidelity leads to murder. Of course we are gonna watch... Weekly episodes from HBO - (and psst, the TV promos use our music...) DUNE - Official Trailer! We can't get enough of Timothee Chalamet and Zendaya - and can't wait for the premiere of epic Sci-Fi movie DUNE! While the film got pushed back due to the coronavirus, we can still get a little taste of it watching the official trailer. With over 28 million views, we are so thrilled our music was licensed for this long-awaited first look! Until then, just biding our time until October 2021... Call of Duty - Season 9 Conquest! Time to Play!! Call of Duty Season 9 Conquest, that is. This latest edition is out now, and we are so excited to share that our music was licensed in the official game trailer! We heart a good game... Modern Holiday Playlist! It's the holidays!!! Well, almost. But we will put you in the spirit right now with our new album MODERN HOLIDAY PLAYLIST. Holiday-inspired songs and instrumentals for a new generation in cool, modern styles. Fiery hip hop, happy pop, wholesome country and heartwarming soul invoke all the feelings of special times. Spread cheer, joy and some festive fun! LISTEN TO ALL TRACKS NAACP Election Ad Campaign Tuesday November 3rd is election day in the U.S., and the NAACP has created a new ad campaign to encourage people to vote. Narrated by Morgan Freeman and filled with captivating images of life in 2020, it is moving and powerful and captures exactly what is at stake in this election. We are so humbled and proud our music was part. If you haven't already, please go vote. GROOVES from ONYX LAB New from our ONYX LAB series - GROOVES: Legendary Drummers Solo An exciting, punchy collection of energetic live drum tracks performed by legendary drummers. Driving rock & pop to funk & swing - drum set only tracks you can use alone as a bed, or add extra drive and energy to existing projects. As with all ONYX LAB tracks - you can mix, edit, overlay as you please. Experiment and play - the beat goes on! Introducing the New ONYX LAB Series We're so excited to introduce our new series ONYX LAB! The new ONYX LAB Series from Liquid Cinema & Inside Tracks brings "sonic elements of style" to give editors and supervisors a higher level of creative flexibility quickly. ONYX tracks can be used as musical overlays to enhance and develop an existing track, or stand on their own to create emotional musical experiences. They can be mixed, matched, remixed or stay as they are. They invite experimentation and can bring an incredible array of catchy musical results. Here's a bit about it: Our debut albums are: VOCALESE: Emotional Solo Female Vocals Beautiful solo female vocal performances - from serene & dreamy to dark, mysterious & intense. Cinematic & emotional from start to finish, and flexible enough to add wherever you need it. All work perfectly as openers, or can be used as overlays. Featured artists: Julie Elven (vocal soloist, trailers, Horizon Zero Dawn, League of Legends, World of Warcraft - Legion, Hearthstone), Nella (Video Games Live, Irish traditional and pop) , Rachel Fannan (solo artist, Black Mountain, Pussy Riot). GROOVES: Legendary Drummers Solo An exciting, punchy collection of energetic live drum tracks performed by legendary drummers. Driving rock & pop to funk & swing - drum set only tracks you can use alone as a bed, or add extra drive and energy to existing projects. The beat goes on! Featured artists: Stephen Perkins (Jane’s Addiction, Porno For Pyros), John Tempesta (The Cult, White Zombie, Exodus), Jonathan Moffett (Michael Jackson, Madonna, George Michael, Elton John, Stevie Wonder)	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line313
__label__cc	0.671762	0.328238	Norwegian collecting society TONO warns of Covid-19 hit \| Music Ally TONO in Norway is the latest collecting society to report positive figures for 2019, but also a warning about the hit to songwriters’ and publishers’ revenues in 2020 from Covid-19. The society’s revenues in 2019 from royalty collections were NOK 771m (around $82.9m), up 9% year-on-year. Meanwhile, distributions to songwriters and publishers grew by 9.9% to NOK 674.4m. There was one outlier within this: a NOK 100m settlement from a legal battle with pay-TV distributor RiksTV. However, TONO didn’t shirk the fact that 2020 is expected to be a difficult year for its collections, and thus for its members. “TONO’s currently projected loss of income from March to the end of August is NOK 107m, with concerts and background music being hit hardest. However, we will not see the full effects until 2021, warned CEO Cato Strøm. The society is hoping that its members will get help from the Norwegian government. It’s the latest reminder that even as the Covid-19 lockdown eases – some concerts are already happening in Norway – some of the financial hit from the first half of 2020 is yet to come. Image by By Bricolage / Shutterstock.com	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line316
__label__wiki	0.747283	0.747283	Merchants Of Air Nachtpracht Merchants Of Air releases Logos and banner W – Winterwomb Winterwomb by W check out our shirts Winterwomb is an album released on January 8, by a Russian black metal artist, known only by the moniker of W. With six very long tracks – Towards, Arctic Breath, Northtraversing, Last Winter, Hel and Painted Souls – Winterwomb is a raw black metal album, with elements of DSBM, melodic and symphonic black metal, very primitive guitar lines and acute razorblade deeply funereal vocals, which makes this album quite a landmark, in the history of the genre. What is awkward and uncommon about Winterwomb – but functions overall at its favor – is the fact that there is not a single element on this album that can be regarded as new, but they are all presented in a very singular and refreshing musical platform. Winterwomb is strictly raw black metal, with all the other elements being subtlety inserted into the music, which makes the mixture a very embellishing symphony of incredible beauty. Overall melancholic, poetic and sad – with very little aggressive elements – these songs will make you travel inside tunnels of admonishing ventures, into cities and dimensions unknown, in a very lost configuration of time and space, all of it rearranged as a new form of artistry, expressed in a black metal panel of anguish, suffering, beauty, elegance and lucidity, hardly combined on this manner before, in the history of the genre. The atmosphere of the album is quite unique. Elaborated under a funeral dystrophy of sonorous syncretism, that rely on an iconic appeal the dissonance of its own deliverance, through the palace of sorrowful deliberations that captivates the undeniable beauty of such a marvelous art, Winterwomb really drives you into another place, into another time, into another side of existence. Philosophically renewed, and ostensibly reflexive, the album is filled with an antagonistic beauty, that bleeds all the way throughout a cosmos of depression and sadness, that standardizes the ambivalence of a scenario of disdain and reluctance. With the uncommon and singular junction of a peculiar set of elements, Winterwormb appears to be the perfect collision of Fall to November Sky, and No Need to Open Your Eyes, both avant-garde musical projects lead by an unknown Russian musician, that melts Post Rock with Shoegaze and Atmospheric Black Metal, which are quite a unique feature, with groundbreaking similarities to these project. Nonetheless, W – whenever he came to be – is a marvelous and talented artist, that has its own musical signature. Although Winterwomb has its fair share of monotonous moments, it is close to be considered a masterpiece. A very unique and compelling album, that certainly ignited a genre of its own, Winterwomb is one of its kind. Amazingly, it does not distort nor disfigure the genre, but aggregates a whole new set of amazingly rewritten components, that demarcates different boundaries. Astoundingly innovative, while sounding old school black metal at the same time, this album is unique in the history of the genre. A pearl to be disseminated among BM enthusiasts, endlessly. Scáth Na Déithe – Pledge Nothing But Flesh Pledge Nothing But Flesh by Scáth Na Déithe Pledge Nothing But Flesh is an album released on January 13, by Irish black metal band Scáth Na Déithe. With six tracks – Sí Gaoithe, Bloodless, This Unrecognized Disease, Fáilte Na Marbh, The Shackled Mind and Search Unending – this album really has its own style, although the sound is blistered for most of the time, and in the end, you will be terribly bored, at the best possible scenario. As far as my personal evaluation goes, I really haven’t liked this album. But let’s stick into the positive aspects of the record. Pledge Nothing But Flesh as a BM work really went musically far, having developed a peculiar style of raw black metal, sounding almost blackened death metal in some points, as the vocals are way more guttural than sharp. The guitar lines, on the other hand, although appears too generic at times, really fits well into the harmonies of the songs. But unfortunately, this album doesn’t go too much beyond these qualities. Tiresome and too ordinary – while it is not a bad record –, it is too common ground. There are very little reasons for you to listen to this album. Nothing can stand a black metal record that is so ostensibly ordinary. Don’t get me wrong. The rhythm of the songs is fine, as well as the melodies. But the sound seems too plasticized, and the lack of new elements really leaves the listener excessively tired. While there is some very good passages, they demand too much of your patience. In the end, there is very little on Pledge Nothing But Flesh to defend. The second half of the record is way better than the first half, although in general little changes, except the best melodies begins to appear. Technically, though, they are fine. They are good musicians, and apparently they understand very much about music structure. But in the end, I found no reasons to recommend this album to anyone. Too boring, tedious and monotonous, Pledge Nothing But Flesh is a black metal album too similar to a lot of other albums in the genre. While the band has its own sonorous identity, the songs are excessively uniform, and not for a single moment I was stunned or petrified. Sincerely, it is just another black metal album. Nothing new, nothing great, nothing spectacular. Just one more ordinary BM record, similar to a lot of other releases on the genre. Jon Salem – Deep Infinity Deep Infinity by Jon Salem Cyber Dream Records Deep Infinity is an album released on January 16, by Cyber Dream Records. Work of an artist known as Jon Salem, the record has eight tracks: Breaking The Barrier, Terra Psalm, Sol Invictus, Deep Infinity, Sagittarius A*, Cosmic Debris, PSR B0329 +54 and Voice of the Nebula. A very cosmic ambient album, Deep Infinity heavily intensifies different nuances of silence, to expose over the dissident sonorous layer of its harmonies the intensity of fragmented textures, that undermines the frailty of an invisible, but profoundly surreal musical universe. Highly intense, although very quiet, this is an album perfect to relax and feel. It juxtaposes sensible realities, as long as they manage to manifest a subtle density fulfilled of unexpected energy. Although there is nothing in Deep Infinity that you haven’t heard on other ambient music releases, this record does unravel the prominence of its own style. A lot more quiet and slow than the genre usually are, Deep Infinity uses calmness as the central force of its musical axis for the entire time. Breaking and expanding sonorous boundaries to form new musical elements – although you may think the album to be a little tedious at first –, in fact, Deep Infinity builds a new form of interaction between musical notes, in a relaxed harmonic space, where sound deviates from its ordinary purpose, to select and reach a new organic paradox of melodic ambitions. A very interesting album with potential to achieve a very large audience into the underground, Deep Infinity is a somber and enthusiastic record, with bubbling soundscapes, that personalizes rhythmic dissonances, and compresses them into a universal cataclysm of sensibilities, modifying your thoughts and perceptions, prompting you to undergo a deeper journey into this stunning atmosphere of sound. With an intriguing paroxysm that comprehends the power of calmness to achieve its musical goals, Deep Infinity seems to really capture the sound of space, universe, galaxies and the infinity, so to speak. You really feel yourself traveling throughout space and time, concluding a marvelous journey, wondering how this album masterly achieves its objectives, as a deep space ambient album. Although there is nothing really fantastic going on here, Deep Infinity is an ambient music album done right, worked out right and deciphered very well. Not only the most majestic goals of the genre are there, but they are perfectly introduced. And giving the fact that you never feel yourself bored, for the entire run, this album really deserves all the credits. Jon Salem is an incredible artist, and ambient music is really his thing! Draugsól – Volaða Land black metal / death metal Volaða Land by Draugsól buy shit Volaða Land is the debut album of Icelandic blackened death metal band Draugsól, released on January 13. With six tracks – Volaða Land, Formæling, Bót Eður Viðsjá Við illu Aðkasti, Spáfarir Og Útisetur, Váboðans Vals and Holdleysa – what we have here is a proverbial and somewhat original album, that really amalgamates the greatest elements of death metal into a black metal musical context. Although the album is not exactly a fantastic masterpiece, the sound lives in elaborate and rapid sonorous constructions, that the genre intensely demands. With constant, interrupted and stricken melodies, Volaða Land really manages to fulfill the unbound esoteric emotions of the harmonies, increasing the feeling towards a lugubrious and poetic outlook, that elevates this album to genuine and almost fabulous standards of artistry. With tempestuous and unpredictable harmonies, Volaða Land is an adventurous listening, that lives by the fire of its own striking limits. With some abrasive guitar lines that puts fire in the sky with hazardous notes of hostility, the weaknesses of the album rely on generic genre passages, although their strong style and non-conformity towards an incredible relief of emotion is somewhat a formidable point of rupture in their case. With an aggressive outlook, and a hostile sonority, this album certainly honors the genre in a great deal of aspects, as blackened death metal is mostly a very uniform and predictable genre, and to be able to do it right is obviously no minor achievement. With amazing and excellent moments, that shows the greatness of their style, their striking and complex melodies reevaluates what the genre has as its best, showcasing in a certain level a purity of style that could teach a lot of musical elements to other bands of the genre. While I can’t call Volaða Land a magnificent album – do to its fair share of excessively generic passages – I can’t avoid thinking how this is, indeed, blackened death metal done right, with soul, consistency and technique. A heavy album, with amazingly well written aggressive passages, Draugsól really has taken a step forward into the genre, and I certainly see them achieving perfection on future albums. With a lot more positive aspects than negative ones, Volaða Land is a decent choice for enthusiasts of the genre. A fearless, strong and emotive album, combining aggressive melodies with poetic harmonies – and exceedingly pervasive guitar lines – this record has it all to be considered a cornerstone of the genre, undoubtedly! Dopelord - Children of the Haze stoner rock / doom Children of the Haze by Dopelord Children of the Haze is an album released on January 16, by Polish Stoner Rock group Dopelord. With six tracks – Navigator, Scum Priest, Children of the Haze, Skulls and Candles, Dead Inside (I&II) and Reptile Sun – the album is a classic Stoner album: with slow rhythms, viciously hostile guitar lines, expressively strong sonorous walls and a corrosive pattern of harmonies, the record manages to be very good. Although there is nothing new here, you definitely manage to have a very cool time with Children of the Haze. Impersonating the best qualities of the genre in a very expressive and solid definition, Dopelord does a great job on this album, and from the beginning it becomes very evidently why they are so good. With pervasive, but subtlety aggressive guitar lines, the songs are well written, elaborated in a solid conjuncture, that highlights the best expressions of the genre. Although eventually you may get resented of a little monotony, Children of the Haze sustains itself very well all the way through, being way better – I mean, really above the top – than the vast majority of other records released on the genre. Evidently, the guitar lines are what the record has at its best, although the vocals are exceedingly cool, in a very categorical and proverbial sphere of sound. The instrumental passages are mostly surreal, and majorly abundant. The instruments converge and align with one another very well, and technically, they are undoubtedly skilled. The production values also sound professional, and everything that you hear on this record certainly goes beyond the ordinary standards. Although I haven’t found this album to be superbly incredible, it has more merits than derogatory elements. The only lamentable things here are some tedious passages – they are there, but are very little – some sonorous uniformity and a “common ground” approach to the genre. Nonetheless, there are interesting melodies, and a demanding originality, that, although shy sometimes, presents itself astonishingly. They are powerful, delusional and whimsical, and you can feel their sound touching your skin. Although I really like Stoner Rock, it’s not one of my favorite genres. But Dopelord are definitely miles away in an evolutionary and creative stance, if compared to a lot of their contemporaries, and they have an astoundingly surprising potential. Undeniably, they greatly represent Stoner Rock, and have the talent to become one of the main exponents of the genre. Worthless Life - Conscious in Coma Conscious in Coma by Worthless Life check out our shirt desgns Conscious in Coma is a superbly amazing and colorful album, released on January 6 by American black metal band Worthless Life. I sincerely don’t know if I would call what they do as black metal specifically – although remembers it in some vague and ethereal passages – but, man, these guys are original! At first, you may not be impressed at all by them, but after a few minutes, you will be definitely delighted! A more smooth, technical, melodic and melancholic black metal, Conscious in Coma is a very surreal, almost impressionistic piece of work, but scores high on musical creativity. With eight tracks – Conscious in Coma, Pathetic Suicide, I Am the Wind and The Rain, Winterheart (Interlude), Please Just Forget About Me, We Are A Mistake, The Last Ghost and I Hate Life (Deadlife Cover) – this album got me pretty much by heart. Melodic, poetic, simple, pure, philosophic and reflexive, Conscious in Coma, as a musical work, is an aggrandizing revolution in the history of black metal. Never melancholy, a diluted lugubrious melody and a poetic sense of exasperation had been put together so effectively. Marvelously genuine, this album is close to a groundbreaking achievement, that opens new levels of harmonic possibilities within the genre. Genuine, exceedingly glorious and splendid, this album – although it’s a little soon – already deserves the title as one of the most notorious and wonderful BM albums of the year. But goes far beyond any superficial evaluations. The harmonies seem at first to be static and frozen in time, as they slowly move into the nothingness exiled deep inside your soul. With a consistent reverberation of sometimes antagonistic rhythms, Conscious in Coma not only reveals the brightest side of the genre, but seeks to open new ones. Hardly having heavy harmonies or rapidly aggressive guitar lines, the slowness here is never compromised by boredom, but voraciously dilutes ostensibly imperial melodies into the most sober hemispheres of your sensibilities. Technically superior, but full of soul as well, here there is so much emotion and motivation reverberating over a despondent sense of dramatic talent, that you feel simply amazed the whole album. Trapped by an energizing – but nevertheless sorrowful – stream of salutary melodies, what we have on this album are not mere tracks, but one masterpiece after another. With an evolutionary musical scale that expands sonorous boundaries, Worthless Life is not only impressive, but drastically lucid, in its delightful proposal of creating a new form of lugubrious music, that goes beyond revitalizing the genre, as create an entirely new one. Transcending black metal in all of its surreal narratives, for a long time a record didn’t struck me with so much power, strength, vigor, authenticity and originality. Literally, every track is an astounding surprise. With narrowed ascendant passages that express a pure agony, this album manages to be dark and melancholic without been negative, depressive or sad. Each guitar vibe is an underworld virtue expressing the wishes of its own light, in a consistent sonorous antagonism that never has worked better in history. Sincerely delightful, amazing, greatly innovative, purely philosophical, destructively constructive and razor-blade lucid, Conscious in Coma’s sonorous proposal may reflect perfectly its title, as this is exactly what you feel while listening to this state of the art work! Man, I don’t know about calling this black metal, as does not sound at all as black metal to me – neither DSBM, nor melodic black metal [although, paradoxically, the core of both subgenres are deeply concentrated in all of the songs, all the time] –, but masterly overwhelms and transcends everything you thought you knew about the genre. It is so much beyond everything being created and executed at an ordinary genre level, in the contemporary underground scene, that this certainly deserves another name. Well, this is my evaluation about Conscious in Coma: a state of the art work! Superior, higher, ambivalent and fulfilled by a graceful perception of artistry. And only on hearing them you will positively comprehend what I am trying to describe. Completely enchanted and mesmerized, I can only wish them a long, significant and successful career. They not only deserve, I wish everybody could be satisfied and inspired by Worthless Life, in the same level they inspire me! Stellar Descent/Aylwin - Second Sequence Second Sequence by Stellar Descent & Aylwin facebook Stellar Descent facebook Aylwin check out our shirt designs Second Sequence is a split album, released on January 20, by atmospheric black metal acts Stellar Descent and Aylwin. Although almost forty four minutes long, each band plays only one track: Stellar Descent plays Moonrise, which is a little more than twenty eight minutes, and Aylwin plays a song called The Expiation, which lasts a little more than fifteen minutes. A very good album, with a lot of nuances, Second Sequence is – in a more limited perspective, and I will explain why – a formidable record, that really solidifies atmospheric black metal as a genre, with poetic melodies and melancholic harmonies all the way through. With a genuine and philosophic approach that entices the listener to penetrate inside a world of gloom and emotion, both tracks are filled with significant meaning and consistent musical patterns, that explores very well the more soft and elusive possibilities offered by the genre. Although some moments are really excessively monotonous – especially in the first longer track –, they elaborate an interesting alternate sonorous dimension with their sound, that reevaluates the most abysmal and condescending aspects of atmospheric black metal. In this natural cosmos where you can relax and let your thoughts migrate into the everlasting sincerity of profound and distant worlds, Second Sequence functions as a portal to a methodical labyrinth of sensitivity and obliteration, where everything has a different meaning, and the emptiness of the world is transmuted into something exponentially new. Although the premise, the musical compromise and the technicality of both bands are genuinely impeccable, the album resents the fact of being too vague – which, if worked right, functions in favor of the genre, of course – and evidently, becomes excessively fastidious. I cannot label Second Sequence as a masterpiece, although both bands on this split have considerable potential. Atmospheric black metal does integrate as part of the genre very long songs, but a little more objectivity cannot be ruled out. It can be a great quality; maybe, a necessary one. I don’t know how many enthusiasts of the genre will like this album. Honestly, Second Sequence, despite its flaws, does have its possibilities. But in what concerns its overwhelming vagueness, it can be also a tiresome record to listen to, and I don’t see it as becoming a cult favorite. Nonetheless, feel free to listen to it, and to elaborate your own opinion. NeroArgento - One Against All electronic / dubstep / industrial And now for something completely different. We're heading to Italy to find some electronic beats in the form of rock songs. I know that concept might sound a bit strange and that's true. The whole album is kinda weird but that doesn't make it any less interesting if you ask me. On the very contrary, there is plenty of goodness to be found on this album, from industrial rock anthems to synthpop ballads. The mastermind behind this project -obviously- is NeroArgento, who is probably best known for his work with industrial rock band The Silverblack or for his modelling career. With 'One Against All' he tries his hand at "hip" electronic music, including nineties techno to dubstep and turns it into songs. The result is something that sounds both industrial and mainstream. Yet, above all, this one is full of surprises. When I have to look for references, acts like The Prodigy, Pendulum, Die Antwoord, Deadmau5, Nitzer Ebb, VNV Nation and Covenant come to mind, along with a bunch of eurodance projects here and there. Yet, there is room for guitars in some songs and the whole thing comes with pretty catchy choruses, highlighting in 'Liar' and 'Don't Touch Me When I'm Drunk'. Title track 'Songs Against All' is a weird hip-hop meets dubstep like tune but nonetheless a pretty decent piece of music. Halfway through the album, the surprise-effect wears off and this album finally gets the chance to grow on the listener. Who that listener should be? Hell, I don't know. Maybe I'm afraid that this album will be too mainstream for the industrial electro scene and too bizarre for regular dance music fans. Then again, most of these songs are fun. Skinny Puppy meets Combichrist in 'On Your Own', which will get many people on the dance floor. In all, this is quite a daring album but I guess strangers things have entered the mainstream of the music industry. so yes, I think this one can break a few grounds and get the act on many stages all over Europe and beyond. Personally, I definitely want to see this live, partially because I want to look at the faces of the people in the audience. I'm curious if they would be as surprised as I am... Serge Wiegedood - De Doden Hebben Het Goed II Consouling Sounds Well, I am very sorry for the rest of the world, but it seems like Belgium is about to dominate a few of the extreme genres this year. Earlier, we already promoted Bathsheba to the end-year list and now it seems like the black metal scene will be conquered by Wiegedood. They are about to release 'De Doden Hebben Het Goed II' upon the world, the successor to their brilliant 2015 debut. Like the previous album, this one contains four tracks and in short, the album is a blast, again. Opener 'Ontzieling' is a harsh, scathing piece of black metal, driving on an almost inhuman tempo and a gnawing sound. 'Cataract' seems to take a different turn, being slower, more immersive, at least for a while. For fans of acts like Wolves In The Throne Room, Altar Of Plagues and so on, these two songs alone should be more than enough to convince you. But, there are two more to come and they're equally impressive. Fact is, the band wrote and recorded this album while mostly on the road. They have been touring Europe excessively, which made the band a bigger part of their lives than they probably expected. In a way, they lived Wiegedood, something you can definitely hear on this album. It sounds organic, chaotic but coherent. The song 'De Doden Hebben Het Goed II' perfectly showcases that. I can't but help think that the hurdy-gurdy in the beginning is CHVE's influence on this album. Anyway, if you're a black metal fan, you should already have pre-ordered this album. Like pretty much every outlet from members of The Church Of Ra, this is a high quality release and an absolute must-have in its genre. Obviously this comes highly recommended and that's not because Wiegedood are my fellow-countrymen. Nope, it is because this album is horribly awesome. Lowbau - Urban voodoo hard rock / sludge / blues Urban Voodoo by LOWBAU Well well, it's party time, the kind of party with plenty of booze and some scorching rock 'n roll. Undoubtedly a bar fight will break out sooner or later, demolishing the place and leaving everybody outside in the searing hot desert of... well, Austria. That was unexpected, but nonetheless, you should prepare yourself for the hard rocking psychedelic Southern stoner blues sludge metal by this gang from Vienna. It'll be worth it. I mean, when a band reminds me of Motorhead, Ramones, Melvins, Guns 'n Roses, Korn, White Zombie, Truckfighters and Fu Manchu in only one three minutes lasting songs, I know that I'm in for something groovy and varied. That song is opener 'Boogie' and it will get any party started. However, Lowbau ain't done there, oh no. 'My Guitar' brings out the harmonica and the blues riffs. Obviously, that quickly turns into full-on stoner rock that is too nice to be ignored. 'Pretend' is probably one of my favorite tracks here, an up-tempo party smasher that reeks of vintage hard rock and blues. 'World' suddenly drags the whole thing into the world of death metal, at times reminding me of bands like Entombed. That too was unexpected but the song is a blast, that's for damn sure. And then I even forgot to mention that there are some highly hypnotic psychedelic passages to be found here too. So yeah, this album is more varied than your underwear-drawer and (hopefully) a lot dirtier as well. Everyone who is into the stuff at festivals like Roadburn, Up In Smoke or Desertfest should start worshipping these Austrians now. I'm secretly hoping that these guys take this stuff on the road, maybe find a label and become on of the next big things in the desert-scene. Judging from this record, they deserve that. The Prisoner - Life Of The Mind black metal / doom Life Of The Mind by THE PRISONER Now here is something to feed your ever growing insanity. Here is an album that is so overloaded with madness, distress, anxiety and rage that's is an extremely hard pill to swallow. Yet, those who dare and are experienced in the world of metallic extremes will probably find a pulverising blast in this sophomore effort by French act The Prisoner. I'll try to guide you through but like I said, it's not going to be easy. The album opens with one of my favorite tracks here, the harsh and relentless 'Awake'. Although deeply rooted in black metal, this song reminds me of Napalm Death's 'Evolved As One'. Both songs breathe a similar atmosphere and thrives on this looming insanity. Then there is 'Emptied', a gut ripping piece of black metal, like Emperor maybe, but weird, complex and unimaginably deranged. Besides black and death metal, there are some decent slabs of doom, sludge and hardcore to be found here, all of course dressed in this gritty, filthy and piercing sound. some of the songs even push the limits of harsh noise, away from any form of musicality. On other occasions, the whole thing gets a dark, almost gothic edge which is pretty amazing too. 'Still Here' somewhat feels like Tool blasting out some extreme sludge doom, to give you an example of how bizarre this thing really is. It's long too, over an hour, which gives you plenty of time to scream out your inner demons and outer frustrations. I mean, that's pretty much what this whole album sounds like, an exorcism gone wrong and delivering massive amounts of agony to everyone involved. By the time the track 'Life Of The Mind' starts, this album will probably have you on your knees, crying, shouting and hair pulling. Who to recommend this too? Well, obviously to all extreme metal fans out there. Although there are few blast beats driven passages, this full-length has the same power, the same intensity as most of your favorite black, death and grindcore records, if not more. Other people, beware, if you are not very acquainted with stuff like this, this album will undoubtedly make you end up in a mental institution and it'll all be your own damn fault... Scratches - Before Beyond alternative / rock / blues Czar Of Crickets Yesterday, someone who isn't really interested in music asked me a question. He asked me why I was so obsessed with it. He didn't understand it, just like I never understand people who are completely uninterested in this wondrous world of sound. My answer was simple: music is freedom. Music can come in every form. Every emotion can be translated into sound. For me, music is an alternate universe, parallel with ours but completely different and unbound to the laws of both nature and psychology. Today, I grabbed 'Before Beyond', the second album by Swiss band Scratches, from the pile of things to review. After only a few songs, I found myself thinking about yesterday's conversation again, especially the part where I mentioned that music comes in many different forms. Later, after listening to the entire album, I had written down a bunch of references, including Radiohead, Simply Red, Pink Floyd, Alannah Myles, Lou Reed, Applecraft, Tina Turner and Lauren Hill. I know, those bands have very little to do with each other. Fact is, 'Before Beyond' contains a bunch of excellent pop songs with elements from shoegaze, soul, blues and americana. Yet, there is also a grittiness to be found, much to my delight. Although the songs are well-written, they are not always easy digestible. They grab your attention and almost make you listen to them. I like that, it proves that this is far from the rubbish that the world of pop music barfs out these day. Perhaps, in a way, you can compare the approach of Scratches to that of Nick Cave, with an eye for detail and quality. It's also very hard to pick out a favorite track since each of them seems to have its own identity. 'Lonel & Iness' is quite catchy, which is nice. 'Beautiful' is a Jane Birkin & Serge Gainsbourg kind of blues ballad which sent chills down my spine. 'Give Me your Pain' is an absolute tearjerker, in the best possible sense of the word. The list of compliments can go on and on, especially after a few listens. That being said, yes, this album might need a few spins before it starts growing on the listener, but still, it's a damn strong effort. 'The Crow And The Sheep' is another highly recommended song and another deeply emotional soul ballad. I can easily imagine this one being played live in a gloomy jazz club. However, I prefer to witness this live in a decent venue, which obviously means that I want to see this stuff live. I'm sure it will be an intense and emotional experience. But now comes the hardest part, who to recommend this one to? Well, simply put: everyone who is into high quality alternative pop music. Check it out, you'll be pleasantly surprised. Ruxt - Behind The Masquerade Behind the Masquerade by RUXT Diamonds Prod There are two kinds of debuts. The first is the one by young, starting bands who are extremely proud of their work, even when the whole thing isn't technically perfect and an average reviewer can easily detect the tiny errors and flaws. Then, there are debuts from bands formed by seasoned and experienced musicians who meticulously write, record, master and produce the whole thing in order to throw something highly professional on the market. This one is the latter. Formed by members from bands like Purplesnake, Athlantis, Mastercastle and Sadist, Italian heavy metal act Ruxt has the necessary background to be a solid player in the game. Their debut simply does not sound like a debut. Even more so, this sounds like the whole thing started way back in the late eighties and the nineties. With a strong hard rock and heavy metal sound, Ruxt are definitely ready to take on stages all over the world. The songs are well-written, not too complex and often thrive on catchy choruses, reminding me of acts like Whitesnake or Dio. So yes, this sounds pretty old school, but still relevant and still well-able to entertain large audiences on rock and metal festivals. Other acts that often come to mind, include Led Zeppelin, Bon Jovi, Dokken, Foreigner, Gotthard and Black Sabbath, just to give you an idea of the quality delivered by these Italians. Highlighting in songs like 'Scare My Demons', 'Where Eagles Fly' and 'Between The Lies', this is a long album, almost seventy minutes. However, like all good hard rock bands, Ruxt easily manage to keep things interesting. There is an excellent amount of variation between heavy rock anthems and emotional ballads, some of them perfectly capable of reaching billboards and charts everywhere. In all, 'Behind The Masquerade' is an awesome piece of modern day hard rock, loyal to the old school but also looking forward. As a lifelong fan of quality music, I can only recommend this one to fans of all the bands I mentioned in this review. I'm sure that this album has something for every single one of you. I cannot imagine Ruxt disappointing, not on this album, not on stage. There is still hope for the world of hard rock, and its name it Ruxt!!! Miserist - Miserist black metal / industrial / death metal Miserist S/T by Miserist Krucyator Productions "Oh dear, what a delightful heap of skull grinding noise this ep is". That was my first thought when I started listening to this first effort by Australian extremists Miserist. Right after hearing the first two songs, I opened the digipac again and I read 'This horrendous collection of noise was composed, recorded, assembled, mastered...", which made me realize that "noise" is pretty much all this horde is going for. No that I mind. What Miserist delivers is an explosive and destructive blend of industrial, black and death metal, driving on a thick guitar sound and heaps of aggression. In a way, you can easily place this ep among your expanding collection of avant-garde metal releases as pretty much nothing is conventional and familiar. Here and there some vintage death metal riffs can be found and there's a decent amount of blast beats present as well. Yet, the whole thing sounds like a sanity-battering melee that only the most experience musical extremists can and will survive. 'Horror Infinitum' is probably my favorite track on this ep. It's also the most varied one, opening with classical music and ranging from harsh noise over sludge to death metal, without uttering a single word. The rest of the album will probably haunt your dreams for years. The verdict? Well, this ep is a hard pill to swallow. It showcases a dark and burdensome atmosphere. Play it loud enough, and tracks like 'Miserist' and 'Lung Rust' become overwhelming and crushing pieces of music. My advice? Get experienced in the vile underground of the metal industry before you give this one a shot. It will definitely be worth it because in all, this album is a pulverising blast. Mord'A'Stigmata - Hope black metal / avant garde / post metal Hope by MORD'A'STIGMATA Pagan Records There was a time when you had to search the deepest underground to find albums that bulge from despair, misanthropy and intensity. Back in the nineties, these things appeared on obscure tapes and compilations, only to be found by the chosen few. Today, the darkest regions of the musical universe are easier to enter. They are much more varied too and here and there, an album appears that grinds your very soul into a unrecognizable mush. 'Hope', the fourth effort by Polish post-black metal act Mord'A'Stigmata is such an album. Divided into four chapters, this album drags you down into your own darkest emotions, fears and desires. They do it with an interesting array of influences and sounds too, ranging from fierce black metal to dark rock music and haunting doom. Furthermore, there are some massive psychedelic passages that turn this album into a trance inducing whirlpool of sound. Opener 'Hope' already showcases all these elements. Although the tempo often changes, there is an overall atmosphere and theme to be found. Sometimes I'm reminded of other post-black metal acts Lantlôs and Alcest while on other occasions even Tiamat and Sisters Of Mercy come to mind. 'To Keep The Mind' opens with a damn immersive piece of mid tempo music before it slowly starts gnawing on your sanity. In all, 'Hope' is an incredibly intense album, perfectly suited to play on maximum volume and perform the necessary rituals to exorcise your inner demons. It certainly feels like this album was written for that exact purpose. So obviously this thing comes highly recommended for all fans of dark, avant garde black metal. This one definitely is a candidate for most haunting album of the year... Open Access - Toward the Wilderness folk metal / symphonic metal Chant of the Forest (singel) by Open Access In 2015, I reviewed the debut by Polish symphonic metal band Open Access (read). The band also appeared on our first compilation (download). Then, suddenly, they seemed to vanish from our radar. For a bit over a year, the band was silent, at least in our inbox. Apparently, the band started working on their next effort, a professional full-length that should earn the band a firm spot on the symphonic metal map. So, the key question now is, will 'Into The Wilderness' do that? To answer that question, let's have a look at the previous review I wrote for Open Access. Back then, I mentioned "Given time and effort I truly believe this Polish band can become a serious player in the current female fronted symphonic metal scene". So the talent was there and needed to be explored further. Well, in that, Open Access certainly succeeded. It feels like they grew as musicians and as a band. The whole album sounds coherent and well-attuned. I also wrote "Title-track 'Over A Mountain Peak' even turns away further from the Nightwish-influenced metal". On this new album, the similarities between the two look vanished as Open Access stubbornly follow their own path now, regardless of influences. On this album, that even includes using their own language in songs like 'Plomien Zycia'. This song is a blast by the way, folky, punky and metal as hell. The violins have remained and that is a very good thing. They add a lot to the pagan atmosphere of the whole thing. 'Chant Of The Forest', for example, is an uplifting metal song, coated with these awesome violins. Here, these strings remind me more of The Levellers than My Dying Bride, which is perfectly fine for me. In fact, this one might be my favorite song on this album. Also worth mentioning is the technical precision of songs like 'Divided Water's Tide'. So yes, Open Access has been growing and every single thing on this album showcases that growth. The bandmembers have learned a lot, both technical and as far as songwriting is concerned. The production quality is better, more professional. The whole thing is versatile and powerful enough to remain interesting. 'My Way' is a possible tophit within their genre. So symphonic folk metallers allover the world: this one deserves a spot in your collection, no doubt about that. Nude With Lyre - Blood Blood by Nude With Lyre What a lovely day it is today. The sun is shining. Outside it's cold but inside it's warm. The magpies and crows are having a serious argument about who is allowed to occupy the massive pine tree in the garden. Below, the robins, finches, blackbirds and tits are minding their own businesses, munching on the rotting apples that fell from their trees. Yet, even through all that activity, there is a sense of serenity in the air, certainly with the audible help from the gem I'm listening to right now. Because, obviously, we're not here for an ornithology-lesson. We're here for an album review. That album comes from American sound sculptor Tristan McNeil and under his Nude With Lyre moniker. This album started as a soundtrack for a short film but eventually grew into the delightful full length I'm listening to right now. Built-up with soundscapes, processed voices, minimal percussion and sub basses, this thing is as varied as it is hypnotic and as old school as it is futuristic. 'Naked' opens the album with some interesting minimalism. Yet, for my taste, the mesmerizing track 'Purple' is the one that truly convinced me of the quality of the whole thing. The song reminds me a bit of Olafur Arnalds meets Bonobo meets Bersarin Quartett and that's huge plus. 'Climbing' is another nice piece of electronic ambient meets classical folk music before 'There' gives the whole thing a gloomy and dark atmosphere. 'Birds' seems to explore the regions of (dark) jazz and intelligent dance music. Like Autechre meets Dale Cooper meets Biosphere. I'm going to leave the last four songs up to you, but I promise you that those too are well worth the effort. Fans of ambient music, from Eno to Hecker, will definitely find something they love on 'Blood'. Ok, I will mention that 'Pleasure' is a bit weird, but nonetheless beautiful and interesting. So yes, this one comes highly recommended, not only by me but also by both my significant other and our cat. The latter doesn't even care about the birds anymore. Brieviews 18 Hurray, the first edition of Brieviews of 2017 is here and once again it's a damn varied one. From shoegaze to grindcore and from techno to djent, it's all in here. I'm sure that there is something you like in here. Enjoy... Blushing - Tether shoegaze / dreampop Tether by Blushing Two husbands and wives making music together, that's always a better idea than go on a joint bicycle trip while wearing similar fluorescent bike-wear, not? Well, it certainly proved to be an excellent time spending idea for these four Americans, making blissful dreampop and shoegaze. In these four tracks, they easily please fans of Slowdive and Cocteau Twins while also coming with with some gritty grunge sounds. Opener 'Tether' is a damn catchy tune, one that might easily get stuck in your head. The other songs are perfect shoegazing tunes, once again highlighting in 'Mess'. This truly is a recommended ep. 88 Mile Trip - Blame Canada Blame Canada EP by 88 Mile Trip Another neat idea comes from Canadian stoner rockers 88 Mile Trip. During a beer drinking and record spinning session, they discovered some awesome songs from their home country and decided to cover the ones they like the most. That results in groovy stoner rock versions of songs by Bachman Turner Overdrive, Red Rider, Doug and The Slugs, Neil Young and Stampeders. Yet, the band manages not only to cover the songs but to make them their own, eventually resulting in a surprisingly coherent sounding ep. Although, as good as the ep is, I can't help but continuously singing South Park's 'Blame Canada'. Perhaps a cover idea for the future? The Empire Line - Syndicat de la Couture Scandinavian multi-disciplinary artists Jonas Rönnberg & Christian Stadsgaard come up with some haunting electronic ambient like only experienced techno producers can do. Opening with the creepy 'Fragrance Arpege', this ep is as atmospheric as it is varied. 'Cafe Anglais' drives on electronic percussion and unidentified noises while 'Jewelry Armoire' is post-apocalyptic soundtrack material with eerie soundscapes. Closer 'Syndicat de la Couture' eventually brings out the analog beats and techno influences, but in a good way, a trancy and somewhat hypnotic way. Nice little gem, certainly recommended. Movement Of Static - Novelty Seekers Novelty Seekers by Movement Of Static We also have something nice for fans of post rock, namely the Greek band Movement Of Static who have released their quite promising debut ep. Although, ep, the whole thing last over half an hour, which gives us plenty of time to get acquainted with these beautiful tunes. In four songs, Movement Of Static provides the listener with an excellent blend of post rock and ambient with some heavier passages and loads of atmosphere. Opener 'Telomeres' is a brilliant piece of work, dark, creepy and immersive, like Godspeed meets Deftones. If you like well-varied post rock music, you just can't go wrong with this ep. Cowards - Still black metal / hardcore Still by Cowards Somewhere in the extreme spectrum of the musical universe, we find French horde Cowards and their brand new ep 'Still'. With a blend of black metal, hardcore and sludge, this act plans a vicious assault on your sanity. The music is gritty, noisy and more in-your-face than you can imagine. Pulverising riffs, blasting drums and a vocalist who seemingly feels like he doesn't need his lungs, this thing is out for nothing less than utter destruction. However, they do have a sense of humor, brilliantly covering The Horrorist's 'One Night In NYC', which actually is one of the coolest covers I've ever heard. Anyway, if you want music to murder you, this ep might be worth a shot Dead Neanderthals - Dolphin heavy jazz / noise rock Dolphin by Dead Neanderthals Dutch heavy jazz combo Dead Neanderthals are seemingly doing everything in their power to make something unique. As a gift to their fans, they uploaded this eleven minutes lasting epos of sax, drums, chaos, intensity and insanity. It's stuff like this that connects the jazz scene with the grindcore and noise rock scenes and I have no idea what most jazz fans will think about this. That aside, I would recommend checking it out, preferably at a ridiculously loud volume and start throwing things against the walls. It therapeutic, I promise, you'll feel a lot better when it's all over. Rare jongens, die Nederlanders... The Stone Cox - Blackboard BLACKBOARD by The Stone Cox Hell yeah, time to rock 'n roll and for that French combo The Stone Cox are the perfect companions. On this ep, they come up with three high energy rock tracks, influenced by everything between Led Zeppelin and Foo Fighters. The first two are heavy and groovy rockers that can get every party started. Closer 'Not Going Home (Hard Red Sun)' somewhat reminds me of a band like The Scabs and shows a more musically gifted side of this band. Anyhow, rockers of all ages can easily appreciate this ep and I hope that soon this will be followed by a full-length. Death Metal Pope - Harvest Harvest by Death Metal Pope Imagine that, a death metal pope, growling his yearly "urbi et orbi" from a black and red painted Vatican. Would be funny. However, this Death Metal Pope has nothing to do with Christianity and just barely with death metal. This is a doom metal band which often comes very close to Black Sabbath and on other occasions blasts some guttural grunts and some psychedelic passages in your face. Although I still had my doubts in title track 'Harvest', 'From The Dust Returned' convinced me that this is an awesome ep, one that is certainly worth your attention if you're into old school doom. A must-have for doom fans, that's for sure. Ben Blutzukker - Analog Blood Analog Blood by Ben Blutzukker German one man electro band Blutzukker becomes German one man metal band Ben Blutzukker and comes up with something surprising. As you can see on the cover, one of the influences is Guns 'n Roses but the whole thing sounds more like an Abbath side project, exploring the massive history of heavy metal. The four songs on this ep are quite gritty metal songs, reminding me of acts like Venom or Motorhead. Not bad for songs that were initially electro/industrial tunes. My favorite is 'Red' but I'd certainly recommend every open minded metalhead to check this out and compare the songs to the originals. A Cunning Man - Practical Applications Of Theurgy power metal / heavy metal Practical Applications Of Theurgy by A Cunning Man Another one man project, and one with a quite unusual twist. A Cunning Man describes his act as "One man metal project with a strong Scottish accent", something I can't deny. Of course, the Scottish accent makes the whole thing sound somewhat weird and drags it into the world of pagan metal. Yet, the music feels like a mesmerizing amalgamation of metal styles, from the power metal of bands like Hammerfall over black and death metal to modern day arena rock. The ep contains three songs which certainly deserve your attention, especially if you want something familiar yet unique. Beneath A Godless Sky - Beneath A Godless Sky hardcore / progressive Beneath A Godless Sky by Beneath A Godless Sky French djent-act Beneath A Godless Sky comes with a debut that will pierce you in more ways that you could possibly imagine. Now, personally, I'm not a connoisseur of the whole djent scene, which to me makes this whole ep sound like something between Meshuggah, Periphery and Tesseract. I guess that's not a band list of bands to be compared with. I do know that the songs on this thing are loaded with energy, intensity and brutality. Besides, some passages here are damn immersive and most riffs are well-worth of an intense headbanging session. In its entirety, I know that this is nothing for me but for fans of progressive hardcore and djent, it is definitely a must-have. Elusion - Desert Of Enticement symphonic meal / gothic meal Desert Of Enticement by Elusion This debut by Belgian band Elusion does not sound like a debut, far from it. If you told me that this was a new effort by After Forever or Epica, I might have believed you. The three songs on this ep are high quality symphonic metal songs, played by seasoned musicians and sung by a talented woman. What's more, these songs rock, making them perfect headbanging material. Personally, I didn't really follow this particular genre anymore but I'm damn sure that these three tunes, especially the folky closer 'Facade' will appear in my day-to-day playlist quite often from now on. They should appear in yours too if you're into this genre. Rumah - A View To The Sea Wolfskuil At festivals, I often wander into the dance hall, even though I do not consider myself a techno fan. However, I usually enjoyed these sonic adventures for a while, which is exactly why I sometimes decide to review a techno ep This one comes from English producer Rumah and contains four high energy dance tunes, mainly inspired by the Detroit scene of the nineties. The first act that came to mind to compare this ep with, was Joey Beltram and you can add people like Jeff Mills or Dave Clarke to that list as well. So yes, this is a recommended release if you're in for some decent, old school dance music. American Anymen + Lise - Oui alternative / singer-songwriter OUI EP by American Anymen + Lise facebook American Anymen facebook Lise From the United States comes a nice cooperation between anti-folk act American Anymen and singer-songwriter/keyboardist Lise. In four songs, both acts seem to explore the possibilities of this get together. Opener 'Nobody Made Me Smile Like You Did' is an excellent ballad while 'Less Complex' and 'Does Anybody Still Think Of Me' are uplifting rock songs, driving on acoustic guitars. Closer 'H' is another ballad, but probably my favorite track on this album. I wouldn't really know who to compare this ep with, Beck maybe? But then again, nice pop songs like these don't need comparison, they just need to be listened to. The Vomiting Dinosaurs - Exoplanets death metal / thrash metal Exoplanets by The Vomiting Dinosaurs Grimoire Records And we end this edition of Brieviews with a short but destructive assault by American thrash-death horde The Vomiting Dinosaurs. In mere fifteen minutes this trio blasts nine songs of gore and brutality over their listeners and I'm sure those listeners will enjoy the abuse. Most of the songs drive on fierce hardcore punk tempos and issue an array of guttural growls and screams. If this stuff doesn't get your grindcore party started, you are not having a grindcore party, that's for damn fucking bloody sure. A favorite? Nope, this whole thing is only fifteen minutes long, which makes the entire thing well suited for a session of audible SM. Glasgow Coma Scale - Enter Oblivion post rock / psychedelic Enter Oblivion by Glasgow Coma Scale Fluttery Records check out post-rock and other t-shirts See, this is what I love about music. It simply never lets you down, or at least not permanently. Today was one of those days when I just wanted to sit in my comfortable chair and stare at hilarious gifs on 9gag. Problem was, I promised myself to write more reviews, as well as doing some needed household tasks. So in an effort to get myself up and going, I played some heavy albums, starting with some fierce black metal, but that didn't work. Eventually I decided to give in to the indolence and plant my ass in the sofa. Out of the pile-to-review, I selected something calm, something that would ease my mind. Suddenly, I was in a burst of creativity, designed some new t-shirts and wrote a nice passage in a book I'm working on. That is indeed the power of music, and definitely one of the powers of this album. From the biography: "Glasgow Coma Scale was formed in February 2011 by Piotr and Marek Kowalski. The two brothers and trained classical musicians lived their lives between Krakow/Poland, where they were born and Barcelona/Spain, finally settling in Frankfurt / Germany. However, they never got the chance to play together in the same band. Along with the drummer Helmes Bode, the idea has now come full circle". This album, their second release after an EP, took quite a long time to make, which to me says a lot about the perfectionists that these people really are. Yet, it contains a beautiful and coherent overview of the music they have been making over the years. That music is post-rock, injected with influences from psychedelic rock and stoner rock. If you want a comparison, think Monkey 3, Mogwai, Explosions In The Sky and My Sleeping Karma making an album together. Yes, it is that good. Like I wrote in the opening paragraph, this album somehow is becoming an inspiration and that's a good thing. With albums like these, the words keep flowing. 'Northern Wastes' is my absolute favorite here, and I think many post rock fans will agree that this this is a masterpiece. It isn't the only remarkable track here either, while opener 'Sonda' gently showcases the splendor, 'Southern Crosses' starts overwhelming the listener before 'Northern Wastes' completely overtakes him. 'Venice Calling' has a nice eighties feel to it. Uptempo post-rock isn't always very successful but this song is awesome. Caspian comes to mind, along with things like A Flock Of Seagulls or Echo & the Bunnymen. I'm not sure if that's intended, maybe I'm just getting old enough to see these decades-crossing comparisons. The other three tracks are up to you, dear reader, I think I've glorified this album enough by now. Trust me, this one really is worth checking out, certainly if you're a post-rock fan. I mean, 'Enter Oblivion' got me from "meh" to "I want to be on Dunk! Festival with these guys playing live and I want it now" in seven seconds. That's not something every band succeeds in, right? Ketch - Anthems of Dread doom / sludge The Anthems of Dread by KETCH Aesthetic Death We're not done dooming yet (as if we're ever!!!) so we'll just continue to blast some slow, torpid metal through our speakers like a flow of mud over our consciousness. Although, this one is somewhat different from the funeral doom album I reviewed earlier. This one nudges to sludge metal and carries a hint of psychedelic music as well, which obviously makes the whole thing a bit more varied and aggressive. But what would you expect from a band composed of members of several black/doom, power grind and psychedelic bands? Of course this multitude of influences has leaked into their sound, much to my delight too. It provides plenty of variation, not only musically but also as far as vocals are concerned. With both sludge screams and deep, guttural growls over the thick riffs, Ketch certainly convinces. The album opens with 'Fertile Rites by Sacrifice', vintage sludge metal song but also one that carefully flirts with dark jazz, another one of my favorites. Yet, as the distortion, the hammering drums and the vocals come in, we're riding on waves of doom for about an hour or so. Further down the record Ketch guides us along funeral doom, post-metal and even flashes of death metal, the latter beautifully represented in the riffing in 'En Nomine Eius'. 'Estranged' is the strange breather before Ketch kicks off the second part of the album with my absolute favorite, the massive 'Detached and Conquered'. This is another one of those hypnotizing beatdowns that only sludge metal bands can deliver and in doing that, these Americans absolutely convince. I can easily see hordes of fans in front of the stage, sluggishly banging their heads to these waves of sludge hammers. So yes, this is an excellent, well-varied and highly immersive piece of sludge doom, one every fan of the genre should get his hands on. It's a long album too, with ten songs. In all lasting for a bit over an hour. The leel of musicianship is high, actually even higher than most other bands in this genre. So what are you waiting for, buy this thing and allow it to hammer you into a piece of pulp. You know you want it... minds Logos and banners	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line318
__label__wiki	0.651969	0.651969	Brad Pitt Does Good Brad Pitt pays $5,000,000 to help rebuild New Orleans... Tuesday, December 4, 2007 - 12:49 Movie Star Brad Pitt has pledged $5 million dollars of his own money to help rebuild parts of New Orleans that were devastated by Hurricane Katrina in 2005. Mr. Pitt revealed plans to build 150 new houses within the next year at a press conference recently, with an emphasis on developing an affordable design that could be replicated. Pitt says that its really an adopt-a-house campaign," and has asked anyone who can afford to, including business and church groups, to donate sums towards the $150,000 (72,750) required to create a new family home. The proposed houses are set to incorporate various environmentally friendly technologies including solar power with the build initially taking place in one of the poorest areas of the city, the Lower Ninth ward. The name was inspired after Pitt heard ex-residents request someone to help them make it right. You can find out more information about the project and donate online at www.makeitrightnola.org More From Brad Pitt From Ellen DeGeneres To Beyonce: 11 Celebrities Who Have Seriously Unexpected Royal Connections From Tom Hardy To Jennifer Lawrence: 9 Times Celebrities Were The Heroes We Always Needed Jennifer Aniston And Justin Theroux Have Split And Fans Are Calling For A Brad Pitt Reunion 11 Celebrity Couples We Thought Were In It For Life 19 Couples That Prove 2016 Is The Year Love Officially Died Selena Gomez Has Somehow Found Herself Caught Up In Brad Pitt And Angelina Jolie Divorce Rumours Angelina Jolie Has 'Filed For Divorce From Brad Pitt' After 12 Year Relationship David Beckham & Jason Statham Enjoy Guy Ritchie's Star Studded Wedding You Won't Believe What Jonah Hill Looks Like Now... Angelina Jolie Undergoes Surgery After Cancer Scare Brangelina To Keep It In The Family For Jolie's New Film? Gwyneth Paltrow Talks Chris Martin & J-Law, Shuts Down Brad Pitt Sex Tape Rumours	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line325
__label__wiki	0.955	0.955	See Pistol-Wielding Selena Gomez In Getaway Trailer Star takes on another tearaway role in latest movie with Ethan Hawke... Selena Gomez appears as a gun-toting tearaway in the trailer for her latest movie. The 20-year-old pop star, who broke away from her goody-goody image by appearing in Spring Breakers earlier this year, appears alongside Ethan Hawke in Getaway. Hawke plays Brent, a talented driver whose wife is kidnapped, forcing him to do what he is told by a mysterious man who only contacts him via radio. Selena plays The Kid, who attempts to hold Brent up but then gets dragged into the drama. The movie opens on 4 October in the UK. WATCH MTV'S EXCLUSIVE LIVE SESSION WITH SELENA GOMEZ HERE!	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line326
__label__wiki	0.659837	0.659837	Selena Gomez Is Feeling ‘Empowered’ After Completing Treatment For ‘Depression And Anxiety’ The singer reportedly spent two weeks in New York to clear her head. Selena Gomez has recently finished treatment for depression and anxiety, People magazine reports. The Wolves singer is said to have spent two weeks in New York where she took part in therapy sessions, healthy eating and Pilates and meditation classes. Watch! All of the latest celeb news you need in your life right now >>> 'She felt like she needed to get away and focus on herself with no distractions. She came back feeling very empowered. She wants to go again later this year,’ a source told the magazine. The insider went on to add: 'She feels and looks great. She's still working on new music and is excited about it. After all the noise that happened over the holidays, she felt like she needed this.' This comes after Selena went through a life saving kidney transplant operation last year, as well as rekindling her romance with ex boyfriend Justin Bieber. While she most recently found herself under fire for working with Woody Allen, causing her mum Mandy Teefey to speak out over the situation and ignite headlines suggesting they’re not on the best of terms right now. Fingers crossed the two weeks away means she’s back to her perky self, because honestly Selena deserves nothing more OKAY?	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line327
__label__wiki	0.501113	0.501113	Miss Canada United Nations 2017 Home/Uncategorized/Miss Canada United Nations 2017 World Class Beauty Queens Magazine interview with Danielle Kadjo Miss Canada United Nations 2017 Date: April 7, 2017Author: Derek Tokarzewski 0 Comments World Class Beauty Queens Magazine, Danielle Kadjo Miss Canada United Nations 2017 World Class Beauty Queens Magazine is super excited to interview Danielle Kadjo Miss Canada United Nations 2017. Name: Danielle Kadjo Pageant title: Miss Canada United Nations 2017 Platform: United Nations Pageants Height: 5′ 8 Zodiac sign: Capricorn Age you started to compete: 26 Favorite designer: Elie Saab Hobbies: Listen music, travels, learn about different cultures, discover the latest fashion trends, drawing fashion sketches. Talent: Fashion designer Favorite place to visit: Ivory Coast, Africa Likes: Honesty, positive people, quality time with friends and family. Dislikes: Hypocrisy, Pessimistic attitude, Negative thoughts Favorite food: Ivorian Food World Class Beauty Queens: Hello, thank you for taking the time to Interview with us. Tell us about your title. Danielle: I am honored to represent my country, Canada, at the Miss United Nations Pageants this year. As Miss Canada United Nations, I will use my title to continue to extend my community service as a philanthropist and to make a positive impact in people’s lives. Miss United Nations Pageants is a lifetime experience that put emphasis on women, empowerment and positive initiative that can positively impact the world. World Class Beauty Queens: What inspired you to do pageants? Danielle: Doing pageants is more than just being involved in a beauty competition. It is deeper than that because it is not just about physical beauty but also about inner beauty and self-confidence. Pageants allow us to meet different kinds of people, to learn about them, about their cultures, their backgrounds, to be an open-minded person because at the end, we are one nation. Pageants, it’s a beautiful way to promote cultural diversity and inclusion by accepting each other, our differences and by accepting who we are as an individual and/or a group and proudly be able to show it with pride to the entire world. World Class Beauty Queens: What do pageants mean to you? Danielle: Pageants give me as woman a platform to showcase my self-confidence and self-steem. Apart from the glamorous aspect, pageants give us a platform to use and some responsibilities that follow us throughout our lives. Time before and during pageants is important but the most important for me, is the time after. It’s our responsibility as a female role model to give hope to the youngest and to show them the example on how important it is to be involved in our society through social actions. Pageants give us this possibility of going further. World Class Beauty Queens: What makes you a winner? Danielle: I always consider myself as a winner. Everything is a matter of perception and this is one of the main messages that I would like to share with people around me. By being involved or not in a beauty contest do not put you in a position of a loser or a winner. With our own perceptions, we do it ourselves. In other words, we determine the way we want to feel and the way we want to interpret each situation. I am where I am today because; I have succeeded in overcoming several obstacles in my life. We are not a loser because we fall but a winner because, despite all, we stand up and continue to move forward. Today, I am grateful to have been accepted in a worthy contest such as The Miss United Nations Pageants because this makes me realize how far I have come and my entire journey. For that, no matter the outcome, we are already all winners. World Class Beauty Queens: Please tell us about your platform, appearances and Danielle: I am the President and Founder of platform named International Humanitarian Fashion Week, the first official fashion week under the high patronage of the Canadian Commission for the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), a platform honoring and promoting human rights especially for women and children. The project aims to contribute to one of the most important issues and millennium development Goals (MDGs) of the organization which is the Education for All (EFA). I am a Canadian born Ivorian model, Spokesperson, Humanitarian Awards Winner and a Miss Universe Canada national delegate 2015. I currently have a career in the banking sector in Canada. In 2014, I had the opportunity to be the Recipient of several awards and recognition including the 10th ranking in the Canadian national level and Top 5 in Quebec for the year 2014 in Excellence in investments and portfolio management. I hold a Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA) Finance degree from the University of Quebec in Montreal (UQAM), a degree in Journalism and currently I am in a process of a Master Degree in Project Management. Former 2015 Miss Universe Canada delegate, I am very involved in the Canadian fashion industry both as a professional model but also an activist and advocate for change trying to bridge the gap between fashion and humanitarian. Philanthropic figure, being an ambassador for human rights issues is the highest of my priorities. In fact, I have been involved in several non-profit organizations such as the Equiterre Foundation and The Canadian Red Cross. In December 2014, I have been appointed national ambassador of the Operation Smile Organization through the Miss Universe Canada Organization, Beauties of Canada, with the purpose to raise money and create awareness for the charity which provides safe medical procedures for children around the world. In January 2016, I received the National award – Humanitarian involvement and philanthropy within the community by the Desjardins Foundation International, a charitable organization that recognizes and emphasizes the importance of volunteer involvement and contributes to the betterment of communities by also contributing to the academic success of our youth by awarding prizes, scholarships and donations and by supporting various projects that encourage academic perseverance. In May 2016, I has been identified as one of the TOP 100 Black Women to watch in Canada in 2016 who have been recognized on June 11th at the evening gala at the Canada International Black Women Event (CIBWE), considered as the biggest celebration of the Infinite Black Women achievement, strength and history in Canada. Founder and the President of the Canadian Red Cross national fashion show, I am the woman behind the WE DID IT! FASHION SHOW created in 2013 to mark the World Humanitarian Day in memory of all those, humanitarian workers, who have lost their lives by trying to rescue distressed communities. The funds raised were totally donated to the organization as a contribution and recognition in their international implication in the fight against HIV-AIDS, Malaria, maternal and child healthcare in Africa. World Class Beauty Queens: What part of the competition you find most exciting? Danielle: The national costume. Definitely. There is no better way to show our global diversity. World Class Beauty Queens: What do you plan in evening wear competition? Danielle: A beautiful and elegant gown and my smile (the prettiest thing I can wear).  World Class Beauty Queens: What is your secret technique to connect with judges. Danielle: During all the adventure, being myself. Eyes contact between me and the judges is the most important and the key to leave a good impression. This is also applicable during the interviews. Our attitude speaks more than anything we may have to say, then I will add a positive attitude as an asset. World Class Beauty Queens: How often do you practice your pageant walk? Danielle: Two times a week. I am also a coach for a competition called Miss Africa that takes place in Montreal. World Class Beauty Queens: How do you stay up to date on current World events? Danielle: As a journalist, I have no choice to have a very good general culture and daily stay up to date about current world events. World Class Beauty Queens: What does the crown symbolizes to you? Danielle: Becoming Miss United Nations 2017 is much more than having a sash and crown. I’m aware that it’s a title that comes with responsibilities and the duty to reflect positively the values of the Miss United Nations Organization through our inner and outer beauty, intelligence and achievements as a positive role model for young women. I have dedicated much of my life to giving back to the community then it’s a pride for me to represent the color and the symbol of our national flag, but as well, the world’s cultural richness, to show my commitment. It’s also a way for me to continue my advocacy for human rights, to help, serve and represent our nation with pride and dignity. World Class Beauty Queens: What do you plan to do if you win? Danielle: This pageant give us as women the opportunity to leave a positive impact to our community. If I win Miss United Nations, I plan to use this title for this purpose and be one of the best ambassador that the organization had. World Class Beauty Queens: What legacy would you like to leave behind? Danielle: I aspire to be an example, a role model for all young women and encourage them to follow their dreams, achieve their full potential, and create awareness about the importance of having a charitable heart. I am encouraged by the idea that being beautiful is not just a matter of appearance or physical assets, but a matter of having inner qualities to encourage and support while remaining humble toward ourselves and others. I strive to continue my advocacy to defend human rights both in Canada and Abroad. I believe in creating initiatives that can positively impact the world. As a united nation, it’s important to share our projects and ideas focused on the improvement of our communities. World Class Beauty Queens: How did competing in pageants helped your life? Danielle: Competing in pageants has helped me by strengthening my self-confidence. I have improved my capacity to naturally be in front of people, to speak publicly. I have met wonderful people and amazing women by competing in pageants that now, I consider as a family. In pageants, we discover each person’s story and each story is different and meaningful. The acceptance of ourselves as the unique person we are, and what we can bring on a table, as a child, sister, aunt, colleague and woman of worth is the greatest learning and the greatest reward. World Class Beauty Queens would like to say thank you to Danielle Kadjo Miss Canada United Nations 2017 for this amazing interview. Editor: Derek Tokarzewski World Class Beauty Queens Magazine with Nessa Apostol By derek Tokarzewski in World Class Beauty Queens Magazine 20 pages, published 4/9/2017 World Class Beauty Queens MagazineCover QueenNessa Apostol Ms Philippines Earth 2017Also featured.Rachel Villafuerte Miss Asian Inspiration 2016and Danielle Kadjo Miss Canada United Nations 2017 By adminlw \| May 5, 2017 \| Uncategorized \| No Comments Instructions: This cell contains shortcodes from the Types and Views plugin. They render the content of the page. You can edit the cell to style it and display other fields. Learn more about the Visual Editor Cell for Text, Images, HTML.	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line328
__label__wiki	0.798265	0.798265	There are two world premiere recordings here, in this inaugural release from EM Records; only the Bowen has been recorded before. That should make it of serious interest to collectors of British music, given the novelty of hearing Bliss’s compact, single movement sonata, and Walford Davies’s more grandiloquent late-Romantic one. The Bliss is a boldly confident affair, with little Vaughan Williams-like nudges from time to time. Its ethos is healthy and outdoorsy, tinged with folklore, and a slow, thoughtful reprise of earlier material toward the end, which adds weight to the argument. There’s a busy piano part, too, so the sonata is well balanced and well distributed, and no mere frolic for the fiddle. Walford Davies wrote five violin sonatas. This one was composed in 1893 and revised two years later, and is cast in four conventional movements, albeit they’re not all conventionally named. A superscription announces the slow movement as being ‘The Monk and the Warrior’. There’s no explanation in the notes as to this rather startling image; it has a Pre-Raphaelite quality, perhaps. As for the music, it’s taut and urgent, and allows some dextrous interplay between the two instruments in the scherzo. And as for the monk and warrior represented in the Largo, a layman’s view might be that the strong, sinewy piano writing represents the latter whilst the soaring and intense violin represents the former. In any case the lyrical flight is attractive. The finale is bold, rugged and has some introspective passages before the ‘prestissimo possibile’ final section sweeps everything to a grand close. Bowen’s sonata was dedicated to Peggy Radmall, but first performed by Frederick Grinke and the composer in 1947. Rupert Luck and Matthew Rickard catch the heroic rising arpeggios well, that arresting call to arms that propels the sonata on its way. So too they deal justly with the ‘languido’ qualities of the central slow movement. Theirs is a very likable and attractive performance, but for more detailing, and a greater sense of intensity, including a more ‘con fuoco’ finale, you should also hear Krysia Osostowicz and Michael Dussek on an all-Bowen disc [Dutton CDLX7120]. There are enjoyable notes, which include details of Luck’s extensive detective work in respect of the sonatas, and a fine recorded balance. A most enjoyable disc. See also review by Rob Barnett Recording of the Month (March)	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line329
__label__cc	0.515237	0.484763	and more.. and still writing ... Search MusicWeb Here You can also use this FreeFind International mailing Tony Duggan's Mahler survey Mark Morris's Guide to Twentieth Century Composers Ralph Moore's Surveys Piano Trio Survey Pot Pourri - Early MusicWeb Gerard Hoffnung MusicWeb Listening Studio Talking about Books Founder: Len Mullenger Editor in Chief: John Quinn Support us financially by purchasing this from Franz Anton HOFFMEISTER (1754-1812) Hoffmeister’s Magic Flute Volume I Quartet in c minor for flute, violin and cello, H.5929 [13:22] Trio (Sonata) in B-flat for flute, violin and cello, Op.11/2 [15:25] Duetto in G for flute and violin [14:00] Trio (Sonata) in D for flute, violin and cello, Op.11/3 [11:25] Flute Quintet in E-flat for flute, violin, two violas and cello, Op.3 [17:09] Boris Bizjak (flute) Lana Trotovšek (violin) Piatti Quartet rec. 2019, St Nicholas Church, Thames Ditton, UK All first recordings Reviewed as 24/96 press preview. SOMM SOMMCD0620 [71:26] Hoffmeister’s music has received some attention on record, but we’re not overwhelmed for choice, though his output was very considerable. My top recommendation would be the volume devoted to his music in the Chandos Contemporaries of Mozart series (CHAN10351, London Mozart Players/Matthias Bamert – review – or CHUSB018, USB stick containing 24 albums – see review of release on two USB sticks, also still available). The new Somm recording – promised as the first volume – brings us five of his chamber works which are receiving the first recordings. I can’t claim that anything here approaches the level of a masterpiece, but it’s all very well crafted – ideal for soothing the furrowed brow after a trying day. Although the flute is the constant factor in all the works, there’s a degree of variety in the accompaniment. The longest work, the Flute Quintet, Op.3, is scored for the unusual combination of flute, violin, two violas and cello, with Michael Trainor, second violin of the Piatti Quartet, switching to the viola here. As a music publisher in Vienna, Hoffmeister counted Haydn, Mozart – a fellow Freemason – and Beethoven among his clients, though his business didn’t prosper. At its best, his music is at least reminiscent of Mozart, but I imagine that if one played the Mozart Flute Quartets or his Concerto for flute and harp immediately afterwards – I didn’t try it – the difference in inspiration would be apparent. Despite the fact that he supposedly disliked the flute, Mozart wrote some very fine music for it. The booklet mentions the influence of the Sturm und Drang movement on the opening quartet, H5929, but it’s fairly benign by comparison with Haydn’s similarly influenced music; there’s rather more Enlightenment than storm here. Indeed, Christopher Morley’s notes in general, while very informative, do perhaps gild the Hoffmeister lily a little too much. Not only is the music receiving its first recording, the principal performers are fairly new to the recording studio – for both this is their début with Somm. The flautist, Boris Bizjak, has not yet appeared in any of our reviews, but he makes a good case for the music of Hoffmeister. Lana Trotovšek has recently been recorded by another enterprising company, Toccata Classics (Napravnik: Chamber Music Vol.1, TOCC0305). She is more at home with Hoffmeister than on the Napravnik recording, where Jonathan Woolf reports that she is sometimes drowned by the pianist, and rather lacking in romantic fervour – review. Not too much fervour needed in Hoffmeister, though the performers rise to the sometimes virtuosic demands. The Piatti Quartet are more established recording artists; I liked their recording of Mozart’s own arrangement of some of his early piano concertos for piano and string quartet, with Gottlieb Wallisch the soloist (Linn CKD424 – review), and they don’t disappoint here. (The Linn, though originally released on SACD, now appears to be CD only, though some dealers still have the SACD and there are 24-bit downloads from Linn.) Flute lovers may be more excited by a recent Channel Classics recording on which Ashley Solomon plays a variety of wooden and ivory flutes from the Spohr collection in music from a slightly earlier epoch (CCS43020 – review pending). If you go for just one flute recording this month, that’s the one to choose. The new Somm is also very attractive, however, albeit without the interest of historical instruments – Bizjak is pictured in the booklet with a modern flute. Attractive, if hardly great, music, persuasively performed and well recorded. My press preview came in 24-bit sound, but the CD should be little inferior.	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line330
__label__cc	0.500075	0.499925	« 2013 NFL Draft: Potential Patriots in the Belk Bowl 2013 NFL Draft: Potential Patriots in the Independence Bowl » 2013 NFL Draft: Potential Patriots in the Russell Athletic Bowl Logan Ryan is a talented cornerback from a program with Patriots connections. NEPD Staff Writer: Dan Hope Among Friday’s three bowl games, the one likely to generate the most interest from NFL scouts is the Russell Athletic Bowl, featuring the Rutgers Scarlet Knights and Virginia Tech Hokies. With some very talented defensive prospects on both teams, this should be especially true for the New England Patriots. The following players would be great additions in Foxborough: Logan Ryan, CB, Rutgers (Jr.) The New England Patriots already have one Rutgers alumnus in their secondary in 2010 first-round pick Devin McCourty. If current Scarlet Knights cornerback Logan Ryan declares for the draft and is available when the Patriots pick late in the second round, they would be smart to add another. Ryan doesn’t have elite measurables, but is a very good all-around cornerback. He is consistent in coverage, has good hips and athleticism, very good ball skills and is physical with opposing receivers. Ryan projects to be a solid No. 2 cornerback at the next level, a player who can cover receiver anywhere on the field and is also a solid tackler in run support. For the Patriots, who will need to find a new starting cornerback opposite Alfonzo Dennard if Aqib Talib does not re-sign, and depth regardless of whether he returns, Ryan would be a great second-round draft pick to add much-needed young talent in the secondary. Khaseem Greene, OLB, Rutgers Even if Logan Ryan returns for his senior season, Rutgers could still have a second-round pick with Khaseem Greene, one of the best all-around 4-3 outside linebackers in the 2013 NFL draft class. Greene is undersized at only 6’1” and 230 pounds, but he makes up for his lack of size with his playmaking ability. He is a tremendous athlete with a terrific tackling range. He is very good at tracking down run plays in space, while he is also effective in coverage. Greene made the most of his entire skill set as a senior, finishing a very productive regular season with team-leading totals of 125 tackles and 5.5 sacks, along with six forced fumbles, which is tied for second nationally. Greene also had seven pass defenses, and was named a third-team AP All-American. Greene has the game to be a very good weakside linebacker in a 4-3 defensive scheme. Although the Patriots already have a standout in that position in Jerod Mayo and a very good starting trio of linebackers, they have minimal depth at the position, which could make Greene an attractive possibility if available late in the second round. Bruce Taylor, ILB, Virginia Tech Virginia Tech’s Bruce Taylor likely won’t be drafted nearly as high as Khaseem Greene, but he is a very solid linebacker prospect in his own right. A versatile playmaker who could play any of the three spots in a 4-3 defensive scheme, Taylor would be a great fit as depth for the Patriots’ defense as a Day 3 selection. Taylor has good size for a linebacker at 6’2” and 244 pounds, and he is a good athlete as well. He is an instinctive tackler who is very solid against the run, but can also line up on the edge as a pass-rusher. His weakness is pass coverage, but his ability to get up to the line of scrimmage and into the backfield to make plays makes him a dynamic playmaker. Taylor likely won’t be a starter at the next level but could be a perfect fit as a physical linebacker who can provide depth at all three spots on the Patriots’ defense. That said, they would likely have to trade for more Day 3 draft selections in the fourth or fifth round for the chance to draft him. James Gayle, DE, Virginia Tech (Jr.) Another defensive prospect who could be a promising mid-round selection is Virginia Tech defensive end James Gayle. Gayle would be smart to return to the Hokies for his senior season, but should he declare, he is a potential fit for the Patriots, who could use another pass-rushing defensive end even with the addition of Chandler Jones in the 2012 NFL draft. Gayle is an athletic pass-rusher with an explosive get-off and very good size for a 4-3 defensive end at 6’4” and 268 pounds. He was an inconsistent producer this season for the Hokies, finishing the year with only five sacks, while he needs to improve as a run defender, but he has high upside. If in the 2013 draft class, the Patriots could look at Gayle as a rotational pass-rusher and hope to develop him into a more well-rounded defensive end. Other Prospects to Watch: Jawan Jamison, RB, Rutgers (R-So.) – Grade: 3rd Round Logan Thomas, QB, Virginia Tech (Jr.) – Grade: 5th Round Marcus Davis, WR, Virginia Tech – Grade: 6th Round Corey Fuller, WR, Virginia Tech – Grade: 7th Round Tags: 2013 Bowl Previews, Khaseem Greene, Logan Ryan, Potential Patriots, Rutgers, Virginia Tech This entry is filed under the category: NFL Draft. Both comments and pings are currently closed. One Response to “2013 NFL Draft: Potential Patriots in the Russell Athletic Bowl” Much needed talent in the pats secondary? Really? They need a veteran back there… All there talent is super young	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line336
__label__cc	0.659659	0.340341	Partners & Principals Suits the C-Suite SGV Tax Bulletin SGV Flyers Tax Seminar IFRS/PFRS and Financial Reporting Seminar FIDS Seminar Risk Management Seminar SGV Foundation SGV Museum Retail Competition and Open Access: Empowering consumers in the power industry By Ladislao Z. Avila Jr. First Published in Business World (7/9/2012) In a previous column, we wrote about how controlling project costs is critical to the success of power companies. As the country’s power supply situation stabilizes, consumers, industries and Government will demand more reasonable and competitive power rates. With the emerging implementation of Retail Competition and Open Access, where end-users have the power to choose their electricity supplier/s, power companies with efficient overall cost structures will be better placed to face the highly-competitive market and will continue to be successful and profitable, especially with increasing competition among power retailers. Retail Competition and Open Access Under the current rules, retail competition and open access will initially be implemented in the franchise areas of both private utilities and cooperatives, and the economic zones in the Luzon and Visayas grids. At the start, only end-users which have an average peak demand of one megawatt (MW) for 12 months before the start of actual retail competition will become part of the contestable market. The rest of the end-users — the captive market — will continue to receive electricity supply and distribution service from their respective distribution utilities. The second phase of retail competition will occur two years after the initial phase, when end-users who have an average peak demand of 750 kilowatts will become part of the contestable market. In this phase, end-users within a contiguous area may also aggregate their demand to reach the threshold level and become part of the contestable market. The final phase is when all electricity end-users are allowed to become contestable consumers. Open access is the system of providing electricity buyers and sellers with equal right of access to the transmission and distribution systems and associated facilities, subject to payment of transmission and distribution wheeling rates duly approved by the Energy Regulatory Commission (ERC). Retail competition is the provision of electricity to contestable customers by the Retail Electricity Suppliers (RES) or Local Retail Electricity Suppliers (Local RES) through the distribution systems. Based on the most recent pronouncements by the Department of Energy, the retail competition and open access regime is targeted for implementation later this year, following its deferral last year. Benefits to contestable customers The most obvious benefit goes to contestable customers, who can select electricity suppliers based on advantages – such as reliability of supply, price and pricing schemes, payment terms, fuel type, and other possible value-added services. Contestable customers will need to assess their energy demand profile and match pricing with energy consumption patterns to optimize their power costs. In addition, they may choose environment-friendly energy sources (renewable energy) depending on their advocacies. In the end, contestable customers can enjoy more stable and predictable power costs over the duration of their retail supply contracts. End-consumers need to ascertain whether they have already qualified as contestable customers though the receipt of a letter notice and certificate of contestability from the ERC. Otherwise, they can explore ways to gain eligibility, as the rules for contestability allow for the consolidation of electricity demand in a single premise. End-consumers that do not qualify as contestable customers in the initial phase should prepare for the second phase by exploring demand aggregation within a contiguous area, which may refer to subdivisions, villages, economic zones and business districts. Retail Electricity Suppliers (RES) / Local Retail Electricity Suppliers (Local RES) New players and operating models, the RES and Local RES, will emerge to transact with generation companies to source their contestable customers’ energy requirements, and will deal with the transmission company and the distribution utilities on their behalf. Under this system, power generation companies can broaden their markets by competing for the supply of electricity to the contestable customers through the RES. This will create efficiency pressures on the generation companies in order to compete successfully. Being relatively new, it is important that RES and Local RES evaluate the accounting and taxation aspects of their operating and business models. Distribution utilities Distribution utilities are required to separate their business activities into regulated and non-regulated segments. Regulated business consists of the supply and distribution of electricity to their captive markets. Non-regulated business pertains to the supply of electricity to the contestable customers in their franchise areas. Accordingly, distribution utilities need to adapt their organization, processes and infrastructure to ensure that these are aligned with the changes brought about by retail competition, in order to maintain effective and efficient operations. Similarly, distribution utilities should also evaluate the accounting and taxation aspects of these new operating models. It is vital that all participants in power retail competition (i.e., contestable customers, RES, local RES, distribution utilities, suppliers of last resort and central registry) become familiar with the various rules, guidelines and codes of conduct. This is to ensure successful implementation and allow all the participants and the Philippine economy in general, to reap the benefits that this new system envisions. After all, the main purpose of the EPIRA is to ensure transparency and reasonable electricity pricing under a system of free and fair competition in the power industry through greater operational and economic efficiencies. Not only will this enhance the competitiveness of Philippine products and services in the regional and global markets, but it will also, literally, bring more power to the people. Ladislao Z. Avila Jr. is a Partner of SGV & Co. This article is for general information only and is not a substitute for professional advice where the facts and circumstances warrant. The views and opinion expressed above are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of SGV & Co. SGV Cebu holds comprehensive VAT seminar and workshop CPA Marc Rodolf B. Arca Work-life for millennials By Julie Christine O. Mateo June 0, 2015 Tax treaty relief made easy By Jonald R. Vergara and Betheena C. Dizon April 24, 2017 SGVeans know how to help their loved ones, the community and themselves stay safe and healthy. “The balance is shifting” by Cirilo P. Noel (October 31, 2011) Easing lease accounting By John T. Villa January 12, 2015 Advisory SD tops IIAP course “US taxation of foreign nationals [2nd of 2 parts]” by Jocelyn M. Magaway (April 16, 2012) Senior director graduates from AIM “Keeping generation Y happy” by Vincent O. Abella (Jun 28, 2010) EY Korea new hires visit SGV Suits the C-Suite column Suits the C-Suite archive 2020 Copyright 2020 SGV & Co. All Rights Reserved. Web enabled by TechCellar.com	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line347
__label__cc	0.642264	0.357736	ICC ASP 2012 Tripoli, 17 Nov 2012 Tripoli, 17 Oct 2012 Tripoli 3 Oct 2012 Tripoli 29 Sept 2012 UN-Geneva, Sept 2012 Tripoli 4 Sept 2012 Tunis Sept 2012 Tripoli May 2012 UN-Geneva, May 2012 Tozeur April 2012 Tripoli April 2012 Tunis March 2012 Tunis Jan 2012 Tunis Dec 2011 ICC ASP NY 2011 Freetown May 2011 ICC Doha 2011 The Hague 2011 JRR Doha 2011 JRR September 2010 Kampala May 2010 JRR May 2010 JRR Feb 2010 JRR Sept 2009 Manama 2009 Beirut 2009 Beirut March 2009 Kabul 2009 ICC ASP The Hague 2008 Rabat 2007 Islamabad 2007 Sana'a 2006 Transitional Justice Academy: consultation with victims in Tozeur, Tunisia Tozeur, Tunisia, 25 April 2012 On 25 April 2012, Al Kawakibi Democracy Transition Center (KADEM) in partnership with No Peace Without Justice (NPWJ) and the Association of Justice and Rehabilitation held a consultation on transitional justice with more than 40 victims, representatives of victims and victims’ families in Tozeur, Tunisia. The one-day long consultation involved a group of victims coming from the governorates and cities of the South of the country, including Kebelli, Gabes, Kasserine, Sfax, El-Kef, Mahdia, Mednine, Gafsa, Tozeur, Sidi Bouzid, Sousse, Tataouine and Monastir. These are among the most marginalised areas of Tunisia that were most affected by the violations under the previous regime. However, victims here have less access to information, especially on transitional justice. The two experts that conducted the consultation, who also had taken part in a number of activities under the Transitional Justice Academy, engaged victims on the basic concept of transitional justice and their views and expectations in relation to truth-seeking; the notion of victims and nature of violations; reparations and rehabilitation; accountability and reconciliation; and the process of transitional justice in Tunisia. A specific session was also dedicated to women to allow them to express their opinion. Although women enjoy in Tunisia higher levels of equality than in many other countries, they are still often excluded from decision-making and find hard to have their interests represented. Victims and their families suffered directly from the violations that transitional justice aims to address. As such, they are among the most relevant stakeholders in any transitional justice process. However, they have historically been involved to a lesser degree during the design of transitional justice mechanisms than other stakeholders. Consultation of victims in this initial phase is crucial to build their views and expectations into the fabric of transitional justice and to foster a sense of ownership of the whole process. Tunisia has the opportunity to engage in this consultative process with victims properly, starting from the outset and making sure the national dialogue that is taking place in the country reaches out to all victims, especially vulnerable groups who have difficulties having their voices heard, let alone acted upon. Download the Report on the "Consultation with victims on Transitional Justice" For- further information, please contact Alison Smith on asmith@npwj.org or +32-(0)2-548-3912 or Greta Barbone on gbarbone@npwj.org or +216 28385079. For more information about NPWJ and KADEM’s work on transitional justice in Tunisia, please click here For more information on the transitional Justice Academy, please click here	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line350
__label__cc	0.669893	0.330107	The Times Calls the Democrats Out I spent most of last week ridiculing the notion that House Republicans' embrace of Paul Ryan’s budget had put Democrats back into the political driver’s seat. The surge of confidence you’re seeing in Democratic circles seems to be premised on the idea that the cards that will be played in 2012 have already been dealt, and that Democrats will win the hand just by keeping theirs close to their vest until after election day. You only have to look at Debbie Wasserman-Schultz’s embarrassing answer to a direct question about what Democrats plan to do about unfunded Medicare liabilities to see how improbable that is: How’s that for cynicism? The Chair of the Democratic National Committee has to have the best talking points Democratic strategists have come up with. And she can’t even manage to pretend that there’s a Democratic approach to dealing with unfunded Medicare liabilities. The words “tax increases” don’t cross her lips, even in the form of the fairy tale that we can fund Medicare in something like its present form merely by letting the Bush tax cuts expire for people making more than $250K. That has even the editorial page of the New York Times calling the Democrats out: “It is fine — and important — to attack Mr. Ryan’s destructive Medicare plan, and such criticism seems to be remarkably effective among swing voters, as we saw in last week’s Democratic victory in a special election in western New York. But what exactly are the Democrats proposing as their alternative to get the budget back into long-term balance? “Cutting back on the growth of health care costs is vital, but the job cannot be done without an increase in revenues, largely by raising taxes on the rich and to a lesser degree on the middle class. If Democratic lawmakers are not willing to make this obvious case to the public, they will never dismantle the Republican artillery.” How sad that the Times editors should have to say something so obvious. Everybody knows that the Democratic pitch for “saving Medicare as we know it” is going to involve a combination of substantial tax increases and a panel of democratically unaccountable experts telling patients that Medicare won't pay for treatments that their doctors think might do them some good. If Democrats are afraid to start making it now, why would they think it's going to sell in 2012? Labels: Debbie Wasserman-Schultz, The New York Times Can't take your eyes off her. Kind of like a train wreck.	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line365
__label__wiki	0.543969	0.543969	Which Country is Best? Choosing a Venue Best time to get married Getting Married in South Africa African Wedding Information Romantic Venues African Fairytale Honeymoon Captivating Kruger Park Honeymoon Safari Thanda Zulu Romance Safari Lodge and Tropical Beach Honeymoon City and Safari Romance Honeymoon Sabi Sands Love Story Wedding Under African Skies Honeymoon FAQ Beach Wedding Tips Kenya Beach Wedding Romantic Wedding Getaway Safari Wedding Scenic Seclusion Wedding © Mnemba Island Lodge. Tanzania Imagine saying 'I do' in the heart of the bush or by the warm waters of the Indian Ocean. Amanda Statham reveals where and how to exchange your vows in Africa's most romantic settings. Weddings abroad have long been big business, but more couples than ever before are choosing to take the plunge and fly abroad to exchange their vows. According to a new Mintel survey, one in ten marriages of British couples now takes place outside the UK and increasingly many of them are looking for something different from the usual barefoot beach ceremony. Africa, with its diverse landscape, spectacular wildlife and wealth of top-class accommodation, offers a range of romantic locations for ceremonies and is also a dream place for a Honeymoon. Many couples opt for the excitement of a safari combined with some time by the coast. Pop star Sharon Corr and husband Gavin Bonnar, for example, recently went on safari in Tanzania and then flew to Zanzibar as part of their five-week Honeymoon. Sail off in a hot air balloon above the Masai Mara Game Reserve and exchange your vows at sunrise. You'll descend to earth to enjoy a sumptuous champagne and after a game drive celebrate again as newly-weds with a romantic candlelit dinner. The wedding package includes wedding cake for up to six people, a bottle of sparkling wine, bouquet and buttonhole for the bride and groom, decorated hot air balloon, small wedding gift and candlelit dinner. If you want to keep your feet on the ground, however, a truly unique spot to tie the knot in Kenya is on the edge of Laikipia Plateau overlooking the Ewaso Nyiro River. The ideal time to exchange vows is at sunset, followed by a romantic meal at Sabuk Lodge. It's served in the luxurious Honeymoon suite, which has its own fireplace. The lodge can accommodate up to 12 people, so you can invite your friends and family! Combine a stay at Sabuk with a few nights at Kiwayu Safari Village, which lies on a remote stretch of beach on Kenya's coast, for the ultimate luxurious Honeymoon. For a wedding with a back-to-nature vibe, say your vows amongst the trees at the picturesque Ngorongoro Crater Lodge. The bride and groom are escorted to the ceremony by singing and chanting Maasai, and then marry on the Tree Camp deck which is strewn with a carpet of rose petals. After the marriage certificate is signed, the guests either enjoy snacks and champagne in the Tree Camp lounge or are escorted to Lake Eyasi lookout point to enjoy sunset cocktails. The lodge consists of 30 Maasai-inspired suites perched on stilts on the rim of the Ngorongoro Crater. Each stone-and-thatch suite has spectacular views of the crater from large glass windows in the bathroom, lounge and bedroom. The rooms have an en suite bathroom and chandelier-lit bathtub and shower, and are discreetly tended by a personal butler who will bring you tea in bed, stoke your fireplace and draw you a rose petal bath. If you're searching for the ultimate sun, sand and sea wedding location, then look no further than the beaches of Zanzibar. The pristine white sands lapped by warm waters make a fabulous spot to marry and Honeymoon at pretty much any time of the year. Breezes Beach Club on the south-east coast is a popular place for weddings, particularly its beach ceremonies at sunset, followed by a candlelit meal for two on the shore. The bedrooms are perfect for Honeymooners: think polished wood floors, white mosquito nets and a wonderful mix of hand-carved furniture and unique Zanzibar antiques. If you want to go even more remote and upmarket, then Mnemba Island Lodge, which as its name suggests sits on its own exclusive island, is the ultimate private hideaway. If you're looking for a lavish and exotic setting for your big day, then you're not going to find anywhere more spectacular than La Mamounia, a former Moroccan Palace that's considered one of the most beautiful hotels in the world. It's decorated in stunning Moorish and art deco styles and is set amid 300-year-old gardens surrounded by the city's twelfth- century ramparts. There are lots of modern facilities to enjoy too, such as the heated swimming pool and even a casino. Weddings can be arranged on an individual basis and can be as luxurious as you desire, from rose petal strewn pathways to giant reception banquets. For a wildly romantic ceremony, consider exchanging your vows by the banks of the Timbavati River, against a spectacular backdrop of African bush. You'll stay at the Ngala Tented Safari Camp, set in 14,700 hectares of private reserve within South Africa's Kruger National Park and providing you with the excitement of big-five game viewing in a five-star setting. The package includes ceremony plus post-wedding feast, bedroom decorated with candles and flowers, champagne bush breakfast and an afternoon game drive with a stop for celebratory drinks served by a butler. Alternatively, who could resist a ceremony in the beautiful ivy-clad wedding chapel in the grounds of Blue Mountain Lodge? You reach the chapel along a shaded pathway lined with plumbago and sweet smelling lavender. Die-hard romantics opt for a candlelit ceremony at dusk followed by a reception on the manicured lawns. Set on 200 hectares of indigenous bush, forest and farmland, this pretty, ochre-washed lodge is a true 'Out of Africa' experience. The accommodation for your first night is also exceptional, whether you have a room overlooking the cobbled courtyard or one of the villas with private pool and panoramic views of the mountains. Weddings at Hippo Hollow near the Kruger National Park are also pretty special. It is not unusual to see hippos grazing on grass nearby while you're exchanging your vows overlooking the Sabi River! The package includes venue, preparation of documentation, wedding ceremony and legal documentation, bridal bouquet and buttonhole plus a bottle of Champagne. Fancy saying 'I do' on your own private island in the Zambezi River? If you stay at The River Club during the right season (June to December), weddings can be conducted in the open air on an island in front of the lodge, which sits by the tranquil Zambezi 18km upstream from Victoria Falls. It consists of ten thatched luxury chalets which have en suite facilities including a bath, shower, toilet and basin. Best of all, the rooms are completely open-fronted, giving guests the best possible views of the river. Copyright © Travel Africa Magazine.	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line367
__label__cc	0.564032	0.435968	ID Fest - Saturday Back for my second day of ID Fest, a day dominated by a large Yorkshireman with the biggest voice I've ever heard and aspirations of going into space. I started my day by meeting up with a bunch of blogger types to discuss Sunday's podcast recording which I may or may not be involved with, depending on how well I feel and how much nerve I am able to build up. Saturday also brought with it the realisation that our very exclusive Blog Station was adorned with everybody's website logo (including my Scott Pilgrim twitter avatar that I WILL update when I get around to that site re-design, I promise). The most important development of the morning was receiving my all important lanyard. I hadn't got one on Friday, but couldn't help that everyone was wearing one on Saturday. Call it vanity if you want, but it feels good to walk around a film festival wearing your identification in a little plastic pocket around your neck. Despite my assumed schedule for the day, I decided to skip Ken Russell's The Boy Friend in favour of seeing a Brain Blessed TV Showcase, partly to prep myself for the talk Mr Blessed would be doing in the afternoon, and also partly to see if the episode of Tales of the Unexpected they were screening was one that my Dad had worked on. I was determined to get a photo of the screen if and when his name came up, but a) it didn't appear, and b) it's hard to take a good photograph of a screen without disturbing everyone. A show I'd heard of but perhaps not seen since I was a toddler, Survivors was basically The Walking Dead without the zombies, seeing a band of 'survivors' battling against a tyrannical, meat-eating Sheffield United fan (Blessed, of course) in the wake of a deadly disease that has wiped out most of the population. Blessed was great in it, bellowing out lines like "you're not a tax inspector, are you Charlie?" and showing off some impressive upper body strength, but Survivors has dated a fair bit since its original 1977 broadcast, and proves that everything is better with a few zombies in it. Also, slightly unexpectedly, a nice lady working at the festival said she would try and get me a ticket for the Paddy Considine event. Despite not being quite as dramatic a series of events as I'd envisioned (no bribes were involved), when I checked back at the box office, she had managed to secure me a seat. Not only that, but I couldn't help but notice I had a better seat than some of the fellow bloggers who'd been clever enough to book in advance. The Paddy Considine Q & A was emcee'd by Empire Magazine/Film 2012's very own Chris Hewitt, wearing his customary film nerd uniform of an obscure film referencing t-shirt and blazer combo. If you're not sure as to your own status as a film nerd, it all depends on how long it takes you to recognise the logo on a fellow nerds t-shirt. Nakatomi Plaza, 3 seconds, Mr Hewitt. As you can clearly tell by my expert attempts at photography (Paddy is on the left, I think) it was indeed a packed out screen. Paddy was a charming and honest chap, talking about the comparisons between Nil By Mouth and Tyrannosaur, as well as hinting at some less than brilliant experiences of his own acting career working on Back Woods and Blitz. Even though he's only directed one film, he's a guy who knows his stuff, and revealed that he has no plans of 'doing a Gary Oldman' by only directing the one film, and has his next project in the works as we speak. My one and only film screening of the day was Mario Bava's Danger: Diabolik, a film that's been on my 'to watch' list for years. And, well, it wasn't great. It looks absolutely fantastic (on an original 35mm print) and is a real achievement in costume and set design, but the story is repetitive 60's nonsense. It does contain one brilliant sequence where the government put a one million pound bounty on Diabolik's head, so he retaliates by blowing up the nations financial institutions, a la Fight Club. Sadly, it's a case of style over substance, but so much style. Continuing my good luck with assigned seating (I was on row B which did make me slightly concerned for my ear drums), to end the night I went to witness the most one sided Q & A I've ever had the good fortune to see, with by my count a total of 2 questions asked, one of which was basically "so, Z Cars?". Emcee for the night Tony Earnshaw was wise enough to accept defeat and just sit back and let Mr Blessed go, not that he had much choice in the matter anyway. As I said before, I was sat about 6 feet away from Mr Blessed. They might as well have saved energy by not plugging in the microphones as not only did he decide to get up from his chair and walk the stage, he's quite good at projecting his voice to a crowd. An animated man who's not averse to throwing his considerable frame around, it's almost as if he's trying to scare invisible bears away. Having said that, if it came to an actual fight, I'd put money on Blessed winning over the bear any day. Delivering anecdote on top of anecdote before winding it back to the start and going off on a completely different tangent, there wasn't a single person in that room who wasn't completely enthralled by Blessed. A fascinating man who was only just getting started when the "Q & A" had to draw to a close for the screening of Flash Gordon (a film he's immensely proud of), he knew exactly what the crowd wanted, delivering a hearty "Gordon's alive?!' before departing the stage. Brian Blessed was the undoubted hero of the day, and did you know he's becoming a fully trained Cosmonaut and plans to take his first trip into space next year in a space suit designed by the man who also built the Predator? Personally, I wouldn't dare doubt him for a second. Sunday's line up includes a collection of BAFTA animated shorts and a screening of Sunrise in collaboration with Hopelies.com. Oh, and that pesky podcast recording which I'm slightly terrified about. Posted by Colin Oakley Labels: Brian Blessed, Danger Diabolik, Flash Gordon, Gary Oldman, ID Fest, Nil By Mouth, Paddy Considine, Tyrannosaur DerbyKat 27 May 2012 at 14:51 Now, what did Mr Blessed tell us all? You can't NOT do the podcast after that! Be impetuous, boy! Obscurity Files- Cash INDIE GAME: THE MOVIE - Trailer I Don't Know About You But... Guess What My Favourite Line From The Metal Tornad... 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ONE MAN AND HIS SHOES - London Film Festival 2020 Directed by Yemi Bamiro, One Man and His Shoes charts the rise of the Nike Air Jordan brand and the impact it has had on culture, leading to... DAWN OF THE DEAD - LIMITED EDITION BLU-RAY review Ten years after the release of George A. Romero's seminal zombie classic Night of the Living Dead, he decided to cement his reputation a... ROSE: A LOVE STORY - London Film Festival 2020 Living a secluded life out in the woods with his wife Rose (Sophie Rundle), the isolated world Sam (writer Matt Stokoe) has created is put i... DOC/FEST 2020 - BRING DOWN THE WALLS review Directed by Phil Collins (the visual artist, not the Genesis drummer/singer) the title Bring Down The Walls refers to a civic space s... YOU DON'T NOMI review "I think we're still talking about Showgirls because we're not done with it". So says the opening voiceover of this new ... SLACKER CINEMA 2011. Powered by Blogger.	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line369
__label__wiki	0.726239	0.726239	The Angler Online Online Student Newspaper Of Lake-Sumter State College What Makes a Meme, Part 1: An Introduction By Katie LeJeune A screaming Meryl Streep, 80’s one-hit-wonder sensation Rick Astley, and the kids’ television show LazyTown. First impressions won’t help in figuring out the connection between the items on this list, unless, that is, you know your memes. The word meme was first coined by Richard Dawkins, a British scientist, in his book The Selfish Gene (1976). Back then, the word meme meant “a unit of cultural transmission.” Its current definition is still true to its roots, but Internet memes, the focus here, are a little more specific. While still allowing the vague freedom associated with previous definitions, the Merriam-Webster description takes into consideration the visual aspects brought forward via the Internet’s nature. But to some, technical definitions don’t truly capture the essence of memes. “It’s its own form of comedy,” explained self-proclaimed meme connoisseur Jonathan Eldredge, “but not everyone understands it.” Eldredge’s best friend Ryan Purvas, another connoisseur, joined in: “It’s just something that people make to laugh at.” He shrugged, adding, “Like, not everyone will find an offensive meme funny, but some people will.” Looking at context of memes is important in understanding them, and a large part of that stems from where we find memes. For connoisseurs Eldredge and Purvas, there’s a big difference in the where, but not in the why. Eldredge gets most of his memes from Facebook site communities dedicated to memes and video games (Melee Hell in particular was brought up several times). Purvas prefers mobile apps like Instagram and iFunny. Both are able to reap the benefits. “It’s like, not everyone is comedic,” explained Eldredge. “The easiest way to make someone laugh is to share a meme.” It’s also the easiest way to make friends, and no one knows that better than Eldredge. “Me and Ryan, we bonded more over memes than actually being friends.” He looks beside him at Purvas, who dabs slowly, as if to emphasize the point. “It’s like, literally this person would understand this completely, and so you share memes,” Eldredge summarizes. This is the first in a series of articles that will look at what makes memes go viral, as well as how we’ve ended up using them to communicate. If you’d like to contribute your thoughts on memes, send an email to lssc.angler@gmail.com, subject line: “re: what makes a meme.” Never Forgotten: A Remembrance to those Wounded Clermont Home to Supercross Legends By: Sarah Oulman CLERMONT, Florida – Aldon Baker, one of the most well-known and successful trainers within the Supercross community, i... Never Forgotten: A Remembrance to those Wounded By Makou Lin As law enforcement officers continue to protect the co... Check us out on Twitter! Space and technology Helping students SOAR!	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line376
__label__cc	0.703939	0.296061	I Am a Robot on Mars January 18, 2016 January 13, 2016 Les Weil By Jill Hand I slowly rise from the platform where I’ve been recharging for the past seven hours and thirty-three Earth minutes. Yawning, I stretch my metal arms, feeling a twinge in my left shoulder as I do. My metal joints pop, and my metal neck squeaks as I slowly turn it, first left, then right. I am an aging robot, and could do with oiling and an upgrade to my CPU, but such things aren’t available here on Mars. I must put up with the squeaks and the stiffness as best I can. I glide into the kitchen, where the female robot with whom I reside is preparing fuel that will keep me going until midday. “Good morning,” I say to the female robot. Without turning around, she says,: “The cat vomited on the hall rug again.” I tell her I’ll clean it up as soon as I’ve consumed my robot fuel. The cat is my responsibility. Although the female robot and the two small robots who are currently shoveling fuel into their mouths at the kitchen table enjoy petting it and playing with it, when it comes to cleaning its litter box and attending to its vomit, I’m the one who is expected to deal with it. I clean up the cat vomit and give the female robot a goodbye peck on her metal cheek. I tell the small robots to behave themselves. I don’t want to hear that they’ve been throwing Mars rocks at the garage of the robot next door again. The small robots go on consuming their fuel. They don’t appear to be listening to me. They rarely listen to me. I get into my robot vehicle and pilot it over the rocky terrain to my place of business. Parking behind an outcropping of red Mars rocks, I step out and onto the deck of a pirate ship, for I am Wicked Jake Finnegan, captain of the Nimble Jenny. It flies the skull and crossbones and is the most feared vessel on the high seas. I swagger across the oak boards of the deck, moving easily with the pitch and roll of the ship. I’ve been at sea since I was a lad and am more at home on the waves than I am on dry land. I see some of the crew are holy stoning the deck, others are sharpening their cutlasses. Still others are lounging about, drinking rum, the lazy rascals. I greet them with a loud, “Avast, me hearties! What skullduggery have ye been up to in my absence?” The first mate, a one-eyed reprobate called The Turk, tells me they boarded a Spanish galleon full of gold and silver from the New World, and took all aboard prisoner. “Good work!” I tell him, approvingly. “There will be an extra ration of rum for all hands!” The Turk looks confused. “You mean we’re getting bonuses for landing the Davidson account?” The Turk must have been hit on the head once too often during one of our skirmishes with other pirates or with the crew of some merchant vessel, one not flying the English flag but perhaps belonging to the mincing French or the sly Spanish. I tell him aye, the crew will be getting bonuses, if that’s what he wants to call it. At that, they give a hearty cheer. I’m pleased to see them so happy. A happy crew is a productive crew and there’s lots more ships to plunder if we’re going to keep up our reputation as the most feared vessel on the high seas. I go below to my cabin, where I plot a course for Tortuga and think about Jenny, a lass I used to know, long ago. Hours later, I’m feeling peckish. It’s almost two bells, and there’s nothing to eat in my cabin but hardtack and some moldy bits of cheese. I decide to row ashore in the dinghy and find some grub. I sing as I row, pulling hard on the oars and bawling, “I’m in for the tin, the grog and the gin, I’m in for the beer and tobacco…” I step out of the dinghy and onto a street in wartime London. I am Captain Jack Finnegan of the Royal Air Force. I resolve to go looking for my sweetheart, Jennifer Prindable, the beautiful daughter of the Earl of Burkhampton. Jennifer works in a canteen near St. Paul’s, serving coffee and tea to ambulance drivers and air raid wardens and Londoners who’ve been bombed out of their homes. The Jerrys shot down my Lancaster over Belgium, rotten luck, forcing me to bail out. I have just now returned to England, after months of being moved from one hiding place to another by members of the resistance. At the canteen, I patiently wait in the queue until it’s my turn. Then Jennifer (darling girl!) turns to me. I smile roguishly and ask for a large coffee. “You mean a venti?” She looks bored and is chewing gum. I hope she hasn’t gotten it from an American G.I. The Yanks (oversexed, overpaid and over here, as the saying goes) are always offering girls chewing gum and cigarettes and nylons to get them to go out with them. Jenny yawns and I wonder if perhaps she’s tired from sleeping in the underground during nighttime bombing raids. She doesn’t appear to recognize me. It must be because I’m still clad in rough peasant garb, unshaven, my hair straggling over the collar of my jacket. “Yes, a venti, if that’s what they’re calling it these days. I’ve been away, you see,” I tell her, smiling. She doesn’t return my smile. Expressionlessly, she draws my coffee and places it on the counter. I pay and leave, resolving to see her later, when I’m back to looking like my old self. I drink my coffee while seated on a bench in Regent’s Park, while eating a ham and tomato sandwich that I purchased from an old codger who was selling sandwiches outside the gates. I’m pleased to see that despite rationing, food vendors are still plying their trade on the streets of London. Replete, I get into the dinghy and row back to the Nimble Jenny under foreboding grey clouds, as herring gulls whirl and cry overhead. Once on board I tell the crew to look sharp; there’s a storm brewing. They must batten down the hatches and go aloft and reef the mainsail. The Turk asks if that means we’re about to be audited by accounting. I tell him aye, however he wants to put it, just look sharp. Then I go to my cabin, where I plot a course for the Cayman Islands and try not to think about a certain young lady named Jenny. I can’t recall what happened to Jenny no matter how hard I try. I loved her very much and I’m terribly sad that she’s no longer around, but what happened to her? Did she die? Did I drive her away? I can’t recall. I vaguely recall her angrily telling me that I lived in a dream world and I needed to snap out of it, but that’s ridiculous. I’m completely rational. A captain of a pirate ship is a man of action; he can’t live in a dream world. Later that day, I climb into my robot vehicle and pilot it across the rocky Martian terrain towards home, because I am a robot on Mars. Jill Hand Jill Hand is the author of The Blue Horse, a science fiction/fantasy novella from Kellan Publishing. Her work has appeared recently in Another Realm, Frostfire Worlds, Jersey Devil Press, Loud Zoo, Nebula Rift and T. Gene Davis’s Speculative Fiction, among others. 2 thoughts on “I Am a Robot on Mars” CJ Alexander says: An enchanting portrayal of either an imaginative daydreamer, unless he’s an old gent merely reminiscing. Either way, I enjoyed the transitions from one persona to another, and back again. Nicely done. Roy Dorman says: I agree with CJ. Nice work with integrating the character’s fantasy life with his real life, Jill. The back and forth made the story. Framed in the Museum	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line382
__label__wiki	0.666426	0.666426	Madya Pradesh Telagana Editorial & Analyses Life and Relationships Ajab Gazab Home > World > Biden hopes Senate will consider Trump impeachment among urgent issues Biden hopes Senate will consider Trump impeachment among urgent issues The Hawk \| 14 Jan 2021 9:29 AM GMT Wilmington: US President-elect Joe Biden on Wednesday (local time) reiterated his hope that the Senate will be able to carry out their regular legislative duties while dealing with responsibilities pertaining to President Donald Trump's impeachment trial in the upper chamber. Biden, in a statement, after the US House of Representatives impeached Trump for 'inciting' last week's violence at Capitol Hill, termed the attack as "an armed insurrection" and called for the outgoing President to be "held accountable" for causing the riot. "Today, the members of the House of Representatives exercised the power granted to them under our Constitution and voted to impeach and hold the president accountable. It was a bipartisan vote cast by members who followed the Constitution and their conscience. The process continues to the Senate," the President-elect said. "This nation also remains in the grip of a deadly virus and a reeling economy. I hope that the Senate leadership will find a way to deal with their Constitutional responsibilities on impeachment while also working on the other urgent business of this nation," he added. Calling Capitol Hill violence an unprecedented attack on democracy, the President-elect slammed Trump saying, "This criminal attack was planned and coordinated. It was carried out by political extremists and domestic terrorists, who were incited to this violence by President Trump." The US House of Representatives on Wednesday (local time) impeached Trump for "inciting" last week's deadly violence at Capitol Hill. House Speaker Nancy Pelosi confirmed the impeachment making Trump the first US president to be impeached twice. Congress voted 232 to 197 on the single article of impeachment charging Trump with "incitement of insurrection". Trump now faces a trial in the Senate. According to Senate Republican leader Mitch McConnell, the trial is unlikely to be held before January 20, the inauguration of incoming president Joe Biden. A total of 10 Republicans broke ranks with the GOP to join their Democrat colleagues to vote in the impeachment resolution, in contrast to the year 2020, when not a single Republican voted for Trump's impeachment. On January 6, a group of Trump supporters stormed the US Capitol to protest legislators confirming electoral slates from battleground US states they thought were invalid. Trump had made a speech among thousands of supporters earlier that day reiterated his claim a massive voter fraud had robbed his election victory and encouraged followers to maintain support to "stop the steal." Five people died in the riot, including one police officer and one Air Force veteran and a Trump supporter who was shot dead by police. (ANI) Updated : 14 Jan 2021 9:29 AM GMT Tags: Joe Biden Donald Trump © 2017 - 2018 Copyright The Hawk. All Rights reserved. Designed by Hocalwire	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line385
__label__cc	0.656568	0.343432	← The More Things Change A Tennis Player → Blinking First Australian Open, Semifinal Djokovic d. Federer, 7/6 7/5 6/4 Ever since the 2007 US Open final, when Novak Djokovic augmented the biomass at the elite end of men’s tennis by roughly half, the Serb and Roger Federer have constructed a rivalry seemingly built on very tight sets. It is remarkable how often their important matches feature the numbers 7/6 and 7/5. The score in that US Open final, incidentally, was 7/6 7/6 6/4 in Federer’s favour, but it was only in the final set that he was the clearly superior player. This is the other striking aspect of their rivalry. Their close sets often see Federer struggling to hold on, only for Djokovic to blink first when it comes to the crunchy bit at the end. Their epic US Open semifinal last year looked like following this pattern, until it devolved into a strange affair defined by Federer’s mental walk-abouts in sets two and four. Then Djokovic took the fifth set 7/5, weathering match points. For once, he didn’t blink, inspiring widespread theorising that their rivalry had experienced a fundamental reordering. Federer punished our presumption with three convincing wins to close out the year, including a commanding effort in the semifinals of the World Tour Finals. Tonight’s match re-energises the debate. It was close – 119 points to 111 – but Djokovic was unflappable. When he wasn’t shanking backhands, Federer was perpetually off-balance. Federer is amongst the sport’s most economical and elegant movers, but Djokovic, like Andy Murray, has a way of disrupting his footwork, of making him look a trifle awkward. It is as though their capacity to change direction and to embrace the lines off both sides stops Federer from hedging his bets. With no obvious shot to cover, he seems always to guess wrong. As a result, Djokovic could tonight maintain control of a rally while playing within himself, as Federer struggled to set his feet. Aside from that curious period in the second set, when momentum lurched around drunkenly, the Serb controlled the match exquisitely. The slowness of the surface and balls – a lethal combination that has inspired the epithet ‘blue clay’ – meant that being able to control the game whilst playing within yourself was a pretty useful advantage to have. Federer could only wrest control back by hitting out, which often resulted in him hitting it out. There have been plenty of times in the last decade when it hasn’t gone out – and bear in mind that the head-to-head between these two is 13-7 in Federer’s favour – but today the magic just wasn’t there. That rarified place the Swiss periodically ascends to remained tantalisingly beyond reach. Mired here, Federer is only an exceptionally fine tennis player, which it turns out isn’t enough to overcome Djokovic in this kind of form. Djokovic moves through to his second Australian Open final, exactly three years to the day after he won his first one. Filed under Grand Slams Tagged as Djokovic, Federer 2 Responses to Blinking First	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line389
__label__wiki	0.630083	0.630083	Frensh Get Free Tour Quotes 24x7 Helpline Heritage Hotels +91 987 357 9007 Get Free Tour Quotes Destinations Attractions Tour Packages Tour Enquiry Umaid Bhawan Palace Explore Rajasthan By Rail Home » Tour Packages » Explore Rajasthan By Rail 13 Nights - 14 Days Destination Covered Delhi - Jodhpur - Jaisalmer - Jodhpur - Ranakpur - Udaipur - Jaipur - Agra - Delhi Delhi Red Fort, Raj Ghat, India Gate, President House, Humayun Tomb & Qutub Minar Optional Sound & Light Show at Red Fort & dinner at Chor Bizarre Jodhpur Mehrangarh Fort & Jaswant Thada Jaisalmer Jaisalmer Fort , Jain Temple, Patwon Ki Haveli & Camel Safari Ranakpur Jain Temple Complex Udaipur City Palace, Sahelion Ki Bari, Lok Kala Museum & Boat Ride at Lake Pichola Optional Sound & Light Show / Vintage Car collection Jaipur Elephant ride to Amber Fort Palace , City Palace, Jantar Mantar (Observatory) & Hawa Mahal (Palace of Winds) Optional Cultural evening at Chokhi Dhani Agra Taj Mahal, Agra Fort ,Excursion to Fatehpur Sikri, Mathura & Vrindavan, Optional Magic Show. Fatehpur Sikri Akbars Residential Palace, Mosque & Tomb of Salim Chisti Arrive Delhi Arrive by International flight, after traditional 'Swagat' (Welcome) our representative would assist you at airport & transfer to hotel for check in. Delhi is a bustling metropolis, which successfully combines in its folds the ancient with modern. Its strategic location was the prime reasons why successive dynasties chose it as their seat of power. In fact, more mythological cities are believed to be here, like the city of Indraprastha from the Hindu epic Mahabharata, founded around 5000 BC. Numerous monuments were built over several centuries by different rulers like Qutub-ud-din Aibek, Alauddin Khilji, Tughlaks, Humayun & Shah Jahan, who built the Walled City Shah Jahanabad. Later in first half of 20th century much of New Delhi was planned by Sir Edwin Lutyens, who laid out a grandiose central administrative area as a testament to British rule in India. The division in walled city & New Delhi also marks the division in life styles. Transfer to hotel. Overnight hotel – Delhi (B). Get Tour Quotes Delhi – Jodhpur (by train) Mandore Express 2045/0800 hours Today we take a guided tour of Old Delhi, the 17th century walled city of Shah Jahanabad, Visiting the great Jama Masjid, the principal mosque of Old Delhi. Built in the year 1656 AD by the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan, it is the largest & best known mosque in India. Later we walk down or take a rickshaw ride through Chandi Chowk, the old marketplace of Shah Jahanabad now a picturesque bazaar to reach Red Fort, built in the year 1648 by Shah Jahan. In New Delhi, we visit Raj Ghat, memorial to the Father of the Nation, Mahatma Gandhi. It is a simple black marble platform that marks the spot of his cremation on 31 January 1948. Further we drive past India Gate, memorial built in the year 1931 to commemorate the Indian soldiers who died in the World War I & the Afghan Wars. The names of the soldiers who died in these wars are inscribed on the walls. President's House, the official residence of the President of India, built in the year 1931. Until 1950 it was known as Viceroy's House & served as the residence of the Governor-General of British India. We will also visit Humayun's Tomb, memorial of Mughal Emperor Humayun, built in the year 1562. The complex is a World Heritage Site & the first example of this type of Mughal architecture in India. Qutub Minar, built in the year 1206 by Qutub-ud-din Aibek. It is the tallest (72m) brick minaret in the world, an important example of Indo-Islamic Architecture. Qutub Minar & its monuments are listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Check-out from the hotel at 1200 hrs. Evening transfer to railway station to board night train to Jodhpur. Overnight train. Arrive Jodhpur Today in the morning we arrive Jodhpur. Set at the edge of the Thar Desert, Jodhpur is the second largest city in Rajasthan & once was the capital of the Princely State Marwar. It was founded in the year 1459 AD by Rao Jodha, chief of the Rathore clan of Rajputs & its landscape is dominated by the massive Mehrangarh Fort. While the graceful palaces, forts & temples strewn throughout the city bring alive the historic grandeur, the exquisite handicrafts, folk dances, music & the brightly attired people lend a romantic aura to the city.. Half Day Tour Today we take a guided tour of Jodhpur, visiting the Mehrangarh Fort (Majestic Fort), one of the most impressive & formidable structures anywhere in India. Built by Rao Jodha, this 5km long Fort is on a 125m high hill & has some magnificent palaces with marvelously carved panels latticed window. The Fort Museum houses an exquisite collection of palanquins, howdahs (Elephant saddles), royal cradles, miniatures paintings, musical instruments, costumes & furniture. We also visit Jaswant Thada, a cluster of royal cenotaphs in white marble built in the year 1899 AD in memory of Maharaja Jaswant Singh II. Within the main cenotaph are the portraits of various Jodhpur rulers. It is an architectural landmark of Jodhpur. Overnight Hotel – Jodhpur (B) Jodhpur – Jaisalmer (by train) Intercity express 2330/0520 hours Day free in Jodhpur. Checkout from the hotel at 1200 hrs. Late evening transfer to rail-station for Jaisalmer night train. Night on board. Arrive Jaisalmer Check in time is 12 noon. Jaisalmer, founded in the year 1156 by Bhatti Rajput ruler Rawal Jaisal. Often described as Golden City & rising from the heart of the Thar Desert like a golden mirage the commanding Fort etched in yellow sandstone, dominates the amber-hued city with its entire awesome splendour. Because of its strategic location it was an important ancient trading centre & camel caravans laden with precious spices & silk crossed the territory en-route India, Sindh, Arabia & Europe. The merchants of the 19th century built Havelis (Mansions) that are exquisitely carved from golden-yellow sandstone & are still in a beautiful condition. The life within the Fortified town conjures up images of medieval majesty visible in its narrow lanes strewn with magnificent palace, havelis, temples, & of course skilled artisans & ubiquitous camels. Half day city tour Today we visit the old town of Jaisalmer & visit Jaisalmer Fort, built in the year 1156 by Rawal Jaisal. Perched on 80m high hill, housing the entire township within its ramparts, the golden hued Fort is standing like a sentinel in the bleak desert landscape. It is the only “Living Fort” in India & within its ramparts has an enchanting cow-web of narrow lanes dotted with some lovely Havelis (Mansions), Palaces & beautifully sculptured Jain Temples of the 12th-15th century AD & of course skilled artisans & ubiquitous camels. We also visit magnificent Patwon Ki Haveli in the heart of the town. It was built by the rich merchant Guman Chand Patwa & his sons, whose business stretched between Afghanistan & China. It is the most elaborate & magnificent of all the Jaisalmer Havelis & is virtually the showpiece of Jaisalmer's legendary architectural wealth. The carving on stone far surpasses in beauty the work on brocade & gold. Later we drive down 40 km away from Jaisalmer to Sam to take the Camel ride on the Sand Dunes of Sam while the sun is setting down. Overnight hotel – Jaisalmer (B). Jaisalmer – Jodhpur (by train) Intercity express 2315 /0520 hours Day free in Jaisalmer. Checkout from the hotel at 1200 hrs. Late evening transfer to rail-station for Jodhpur night train. Night on board. Jodhpur - Ranakpur – Udaipur(300 kms / 6 hr) Morning arrive to Jodhpur, then drive to Udaipur visiting Ranakpur Temples enroute. Ranakpur - 98 kms from Udaipur, the Jain Temples built in the 15th century are situated in the lovely valley of the Aravali. Its surrounding is quiet and picturesque. Ranakpur has grand structures and beautiful sculpture. There are 1444 pillars in the temple and none of them are similar. The magic of light & shade is really awe inspiring. Surya Temple and other Jain Temples are side attractions. Udaipur was founded in the year 1568 by Maharana Udai Singh after his final unsuccessful attempt to defend the Mewar capital, Chittorgarh from the invading Mughals under Emperor Akbar. The Kingdom of Mewar was considered the most respectable among all Princely states in Rajasthan & still remembered for the courage to protect the Kingdom. The site for Udaipur was chosen for its natural beauty, abundant water & natural protection afforded by the surrounding forests & Aravali mountains. It is set on the edge of three lakes & also known as the "City of Lakes & Palaces". Undoubtedly one of the most romantic cities in India, its beautiful Palaces are mirrored in the calm waters of Lake Pichola & the city is a brilliant kaleidoscope of narrow lanes flanked by bright stalls, gardens, lakes, palaces & temples. Overnight hotel - Udaipur (B). Today we visit the City Palace, an intriguing collection of buildings contributed by various Maharanas (Kings) after Udai Singh & built in the year 1725. The magnificence of the Palace starts right from its entrance at the northern Tripolia Gate that brings us to the central courtyard, the best place to view the facade of filigreed balconies & ornate cupola-topped towers. Sahelion ki Bari (Garden of Maids of Honour) is an ornamental garden built by Maharana Sangram Singh for his daughter & the Ladies of the Queen's court. He built the garden with several fountains, pools & is decorated with chiseled pavilions & elephants. The fountains worked on the unique hydraulic technique devised in the year 1700 AD & work till today. Later we visit Jagdish Temple, the Indo-Aryan temple, built in the year 1651 AD by Maharana Jagat Singh, is the largest & the most beautiful temple of Udaipur with noteworthy sculpted images. We also enjoy boat ride on Lake Pichola, the beauty of the lake is enhanced by the surrounding hills, palaces, temples, bathing ghats & embankments. The Jag Niwas (Lake Palace) & Jag Mandir, the two island palaces on the lake look like pearls in the lake. Overnight Hotel – Udaipur (B) Udaipur – Jaipur (by train) Udaipur Jaipur express 2140 /0710 hour Morning free. Checkout at 1200 hrs. Evening transfer to rail-station for Jaipur night train. Arrive Jaipur Morning arrive Jaipur popularly known as Pink City, the flamboyant & colourful capital of Rajasthan. With its rich & colourful past, resplendent with tales of valour & bravery, it is now one of the most important heritage cities in India. The city was founded in 1728 by Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II, the ruler of Amber. It remains the only city in the world symbolizing the nine divisions of the universe, through nine rectangular sectors. Afternoon we visit the City Palace, a perfect blend of Rajasthani & Mughal architecture. The center of the palace is a seven-storied building called Chandra Palace, with fine views over the gardens & the city. Further we visit Jantar Mantar, the Solar Observatory, an astronomical treasurehouse, with solar devices that give accurate predictions till date. We now visit Hawa Mahal (Palace of Winds), a five-storied structure of pink sandstone. It was built in the year 1799 so that veiled royal women could peer down the busy street market unseen by the world through its 593 stone Jharokas (mini windows). Optional Tour - Chokhi Dhani An evening excursion to Chokhi Dhani complex, ethnic village resort located at a distance of 15 km from Jaipur. Rajasthani village atmosphere is recreated on the sprawling ground & includes the entertainment by folk dancers & musicians. Later drive back to hotel. Overnight Hotel – Jaipur (B) Jaipur – Agra (by train) Marudhar express 1540/2110 hour Today in the morning we take an excursion to Amber Fort (11 km); the palace complex which stands to this date was commenced under the reign of Raja Man Singh. We take an Elephant ride to reach the Fort situated on the hill, an overwhelming experience. Later transfer to rail-station for Agra train. Late evening arrive Agra . Transfer to hotel. Overnight hotel - Agra (B). Today in the morning we visit Agra Fort, taken over from the Lodhis by the Mughal Emperor Akbar in the late 16th century. The Fort can be more accurately described as a walled palatial city. It was built from red sandstone, often inlaid with white marble & intricate decorations. We will alsovisit Sikandara, Akbar's tomb. His son Jahangir completed the construction of the tomb in the year 1613. Afternoon we will visit Fatehpur Sikri (Ghost Capital), the political capital of India's Mughal Empire under Akbar's reign, from the year 1571 until 1585, when it was abandoned, ostensibly due to lack of water. We visit Emperor Akbar's Residential complex, Mosque & Tomb of Salim Chisti. Overnight hotel – Agra (B). Agra – Delhi (by train)Shatabdi Express 2030/2230 hrs Today in the morning we visit Taj Mahal, symbol of eternal love, which stands on the banks of River Yamuna. It was built by the 5th Mughal Emperor, Shah Jahan in the year 1631 in memory of his wife, Mumtaz Mahal. It was completed in 22 years. Check-out at 1200 hrs. Evening transfer to rail-station for Delhi train. Arrive New Delhi and transfer to hotel. Delhi Departure On time transfer to international airport to board flight for onward journey. Tour concludes. We thanks you for your patronage and ensures a punctual transfer to the Railway Station / Airport for your onward travel. 13 Nights accommodation on twin sharing basis. Breakfast as per the itinerary All meals in Houseboat. A/C transportation as per the itinerary (No transportation on leisure days). English speaking Guide for the Tour A/C chair car train fare for the sector Jaipur - Agra - Delhi. 2 A/C train ticket for the sector Delhi - Jodhpur - Jaisalmer - Jodhpur. 2 A/C train ticket for the sector Udaipur - Jaipur. Elephant ride in Jaipur. Boat ride in Udaipur Camel safari in Jaisalmer. Package does not include: Any airfare or airport tax. All presently applicable taxes. Monument charges. Expenses of personal nature. Any other expense not mentioned in the Packages includes. Hot Selling Rajasthan Tours Golden Triangle Tour Package Duration: 04 nights - 05 days Locations: Delhi - Jaipur - Agra - Delhi Get Tour Quote View Details Jewels of Rajasthan Locations: Delhi - Agra - Jaipur - Jodhpur - Udaipur - Mumbai Forts and Palaces with Wildlife Locations: Delhi - Mathura & Vrindavan - Agra - Fatehpur Sikri - Ranthambore - Jaipur - Jodhpur - Udaipur Colourful Rajasthan with Golden Beaches of Goa Locations: Delhi - Agra - Jaipur - Pushkar - Jodhpur - Udaipur - Goa - Mumbai Free Tour Quotes Travel Details (mandatory) Adults and Children Dest. of Interest Select Destination Ajmer Bharatpur Bikaner Bundi Jaipur Jaisalmer Jodhpur Jhunjhunu Khimsar Kota Mandawa Mount Abu Mukundgarh Pushkar Ranakpur Rohetgarh Sikar Udaipur Other Specific Requirement Your Area of Interest (optional) Fairs and Festivals Adventure Havilies Wildlife Luxury Trains Shopping Pilgrimages Forts and Palaces Heritage Hotels Desert Devigarh Mukundgarh Rohetgarh Rajasthan Wildlife Darrah Sanctuary, Kota Desert National Park, Jaisalmer Gajner Wildlife Sanctuary, Bikaner Kumbhalgarh Wildlife Sanctuary Mount Abu Wildlife Sanctuary Ranthambhor National Park Sariska National Park Devi Garh, Udaipur Fort Rajwada, Jaisalmer Rambagh Palace, Jaipur Samode Haveli, Jaipur Umaid Bhawan, Jodhpur Lake Palace, Udaipur Shiv Niwas Palace, Udaipur Oberoi Udaivilas, Udaipur Desert Festival, Jaisalmer Elephant Festival, Jaipur Cattle Fair, Pushkar Sheetla Mata Fair, Jaipur Urs Fair, Ajmer Urs Galiyakot, Udaipur Gangaur Festival, Rajasthan Cattle Fair, Nagaur Maharaja Express Preferred Sales Agent (PSA-IA) Eight Times National Tourism Award Winner Recognized by Ministry of Tourism Government of India Caper Travel India Celebrating 20 Years of Excellence Forts & Palaces People and Tribes Copyright © 2021, www.theroyalrajasthan.com Recognized by Ministry of Tourism, Government of India National Tourism Award Winner [Eight Times] Powered by SOFTTIX	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line391
__label__cc	0.707882	0.292118	Spy Thriller RED SPARROW Now Available on Digital and Movies Anywhere Disclaimer: I was given products in this post for the purpose of review. I was not paid to write this review The quickest way to get me interested in a movie is to tell me Jennifer Lawrence is in it. I adored her in The Hunger Games, and I just feel like any role she plays she nails it. Such was the case in her all new movie The Red Sparrow Who can you trust? Twentieth Century Fox Home Entertainment presents a suspense-driven spy drama RED SPARROW available on Digital and Movies Anywhere today. In this international spy thriller, Academy Award® Winner Jennifer Lawrence is Dominika, a former ballerina forced to enter Sparrow School, a secret government program that thrusts her into a treacherous espionage game between Russia and the CIA. She emerges trained as a lethal agent, but is trapped in a world she desperately wants to escape. Red Sparrow "twists and turns until the shocking conclusion" (Andrew Freund, Dish Nation, FOX-TV) – you will not see coming. Director Francis Lawrence (Hunger Games: Catching Fire, Mockingjay Parts 1 & 2) reunites with in this edge-of-your-seat spy thriller. RED SPARROW includes over 90 minutes of bonus material that takes you inside the making of the film, exploring real-life source material with the author, cast commentary, deleted scenes and much more. A New Cold War: Origination and Adaptation Agents Provocateurs: The Ensemble Cast Tradecraft: Visual Authenticity Heart of the Tempest: On Location Welcome to Sparrow School: Ballet and Stunts A Puzzle of Need: Post-Production Director Commentary by Francis Lawrence 10 Deleted Scenes (With Optional Commentary by Francis Lawrence) Movies Anywhere Digital Code So here are a few of the things I love Great story line - I felt like I was kept on the edge of my seat the entire movie. And everytime I thought I had something figured out there would be a new twist. Not just some random twist, but a twist that made sense and enriched the story! Great acting - I know it was just a movie, but I felt the actors/actresses really got into their role. Nothing felt forced. Characters - So many of them had great story lines and even after the movie was over I felt myself wanting to know where they ended up. They were all interesting and watching them interact is what made this a great movie I do want to mention this movie is def. not for kids! There is some parts that can be hard to stomach even for an adult. But if you are into action packed movies, that keep you guessing this one is def. for you	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line392
__label__cc	0.694725	0.305275	GST No : 27AACCE7027N1ZC New Year's Adventure In Finnish Lapland Tour - 3 N / 4 D South Africa 9N / 10D Tour - 9 N / 10 D Europe 6N / 7D Tour - 6 N / 7 D Europe with cruise 18N / 19D Tour - 18 N / 19 D The Nordic Countries In A Nutshell Tour - 13 N / 14 D Santas Secret Hideaway - 3 N / 4 D Best of New Zealand 14N / 15D Tour - 14 N / 15 D Wonderfull Europe 21N / 22D Tour - 21 N / 22 D Dubai 4N / 5D Tour - 4 N / 5 D Mist & Rain Tour - 11 N / 12 D Tour By Destination Tour By Theme Hill Stations Tours Car & Coach Rental Hotel Booking Services Cruise Services The Classic Scandinavian Round trip Tour Home ›Tour Packages ›The Classic Scandinavian Round trip Tour Tour Code 024 Duration 9 Nights / 10 Days Destination Covered Stockholm, Copenhagen, Oslo Day 1: Welcome To Denmark On arrival to Copenhagen-Kastrup Airport, you will be greeted by a driver and transferred to your centrally located hotel in the city. If you arrive early, we recommend getting the Copenhagen Card, which gives you free access to most museums as well as local buses and trains. Spend the night in Copenhagen. Day 2: Copenhagen & Cruise To Norway Spend the early part of the day visiting such marvels as the Amalienborg Palace, Christiansborg Palace, the colourful old harbour of Nyhavn, the famous Little Mermaid statue and more. And if time allows, make a trip to the Tivoli Gardens, one of the world’s oldest amusement parks (open in summer only). In the late afternoon, check-in for your cruise to Oslo. The ship cruises gently up the Kattegat Sund on its way to Norway’s capital city. On board you can take part in the dancing and entertainment or just relax and watch the sunset from the deck. Spend the night in one of the ship’s cosy cabins. Meals : Breakfast Day 3: Discover The Charms Of Oslo Today is yours to explore Oslo after arriving early to port in the scenic Oslo fjord. From your hotel conveniently located in the heart of the city, you have easy access to many of Oslo’s top attractions. To get the most out your time here we recommend the Oslo Pass, which provides unlimited travel on public transport and free admission to over 25 museums as well as discounts on many other attractions, restaurants and shops. Suggested attractions include the Holmenkollen Ski Museum and Jump Tower, the Viking Ship Museum, Vigeland Sculpture Park, the Royal Palace, Akershus Fortress and the Arctic expedition ship, “Fram”. Spend the night in Oslo. Day 4: Over The Mountains To FlÅm Get an early start to Oslo Central Station for today's adventure. The Bergensbanen railway, voted one of the 20 best in the world, winds though Norway’s breathtaking mountainous terrain on its way to Bergen, taking you through the charming villages of Gol and Geilo before a stop at Myrdal to switch trains. The next 20 km of the journey is on the famous Flåm Railway, taking you 900 metres down to the charming village of Flåm, surrounded by the towering mountainsides of the Aurlandsfjord. Spend the night in Flåm. Departure Oslo: 08:11 Arrival Myrdal: 12:39 Departure Myrdal: 13:27 Arrival to Flåm: 14:25 Please note that timings are preliminary and might change without notice. We recommend that you book luggage transfer for the Norway in a Nutshell part of your travel. Your luggage will be picked up in Oslo and will be waiting for you upon arrival in Bergen. Pack an overnight bag if you spend the night in Flåm. Price per item is €40. Day 5: Sail Along The Fjords Spend the morning in Flåm and visit the Flåm Railway Documentation Centre to learn more about one of the world’s steepest railway track. Then it's time for a boat ride into the World Heritage-listed Nærøyfjord, the narrowest fjord in Europe, with stunning views of waterfalls and small farms clinging to the steep mountainsides. After docking at Gudvangen, your journey continues by bus up Stalheimskleiva, Northern Europe’s steepest stretch of road. This thrilling ride takes you around 13 hairpin bends, with a brief pause to enjoy the view at Stalheim Hotel. From there, you will continue to Voss to board the train for Bergen. Spend the night in Bergen. Departure Flåm: 15:10 Arrival Gudvangen: 17:30 Departure Gudvangen: 17:45 Arrival Voss: 19:00 Departure Voss: 19:41 Arrival Bergen: 21:08 Please note that the bus road up to Stalheimskleiva is only operated May-September. At other times the bus goes directly to Voss.** Please note that timings are preliminary and might change without notice. Day 6: Bergen, City Of History Bergen, the "Capital of the Fjords", is Norway’s second largest city but retains the atmosphere and charms of a small town. Here, your centrally-located hotel makes an excellent starting point for exploring the cultural and historical highlights of this must-see city. Visit Bryggen, a UNESCO World Heritage site, which dates back 900 years as a major Hanseatic trading centre. Catch a glimpse of the local culture at the lively Fish Market or ride the Floybanen Funicular to Mt Floyen to enjoy the panoramic view of the city. Day 7: Flight To Sweden Fly to Stockholm, the capital of Sweden. After arriving and settling in at your hotel in the city centre, take a stroll around the neighborhood and dine as you wish at one of the many excellent cafes and restaurants. Spend the night in Stockholm. Day 8: Explore Stockholm Use this day to explore more of magnificent Stockholm. To make the most of it, we recommend buying My Stockholm Pass, which gives you free admission to a total of 75 experiences, free sightseeing tours, discounts to a number of restaurants, shops and much more. Suggested attractions include the Vasa Ship Museum or City Hall’s famous Blue Hall, site of the annual Nobel Prize banquet. We also recommend a visit to the city’s charming Old Town (Gamla Stan) with its narrow alleys and well-preserved medieval houses. Day 9: Journey Back To Denmark In the morning, board the train for Copenhagen and take in the idyllic countryside scenery of southern Sweden as you sit back and relax. After arriving and settling in at your hotel in Copenhagen’s centre, we recommend a stroll down the famous "Ströget" street for some world-class shopping or a taste of Danish cuisine at one of its the city's fine restaurants. Approx. duration of the train trip is 5 hours and 15 minutes. Today your classic Scandinavian journey comes to an end. If your flight is in the afternoon, why not squeeze in one last visit to a museum or some souvenir shopping? When it's time to head to Kastrup Airport, transfer will be provided by private car from your hotel. All Rights Reserved. El Travel Elect Pvt. Ltd Home \| About Us \| Tour Packages \| Pay Online \| Flipbook \| Current Jobs \| Testimonials \| Contact Us \| Enquiry \| Site Map	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line399
__label__wiki	0.993366	0.993366	cleansed 3 cleanses 1 clearer 1 clearly 33 cleave 1 12 break 12 catechumens 12 commanded 12 completely 12 content Part, Sect., Chapter, Paragraph 1 1, 1, 2, 95\| 95 "It is clear therefore that, in the supremely 2 1, 2, 1, 328\| witness of Scripture is as clear as the unanimity of Tradition.~ 3 1, 2, 1, 359\| mystery of man truly becomes clear."224~St. Paul tells us that 4 1, 2, 2, 643\| an historical fact. It is clear from the facts that the 5 1, 2, 3, 1014\| conscience .... Then why not keep clear of sin instead of running 6 2, 1, 2, 1206\| schisms. In this matter it is clear that diversity must not 7 2, 2, 2, 1429\| communitarian dimension, as is clear in the Lord's call to a 8 2, 2, 3, 1616\| what the Apostle Paul makes clear when he says: "Husbands, 9 2, 2, 3, 1645\| recognized by our Lord, is made clear in the equal personal dignity 10 3, 2, 2, 2272\| mercy. ~Rather, she makes clear the gravity of the crime 11 3, 2, 2, 2339\| freedom. the alternative is clear: either man governs his 12 3, 2, 2, 2471\| judges. We must keep "a clear conscience toward God and	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line401
__label__cc	0.597467	0.402533	Visa Without Reference Visa With Reference About E-Visa Visa Application Form About Malaysia Why Malaysia MHTC Why Study Malaysia Malaysia Education Top International School In Malaysia Top Attraction Places in malaysia Entry Formalities Food & Cousine Do & Don’t Mice Location About Bangladesh Sylhet, also known as Jalalabad, is a metropolitan city in northeastern Bangladesh. It is the administrative seat of Sylhet Division. The city is located on the right bank of the Surma River in northeastern Bengal. It has a subtropical climate and lush highland terrain. The city has a population of more than 8,00000 residents.Sylhet is one of Bangladesh’s most important spiritual and cultural centers. It is one of the most important cities of Bangladesh, after Dhaka and Chittagong because due to its importance to the country’s economy, as well as its status as a tourist destination. The city’s dargahs, or burial sites of Muslim saints, draw several thousand devotees each year. Jaflong Jaflong is a hill station and popular tourist destination in the Division of Sylhet, Bangladesh. It is located in Gowainghat Upazila of Sylhet District and situated at the border between Bangladesh and the Indian state of Meghalaya, overshadowed by subtropical mountains and rainforests.Jaflong is one of the most attractive tourist spots in Sylhet division. It is about 60 km from Sylhet town and takes two hours drive to reach there. Jaflong is also a scenic spot nearby amidst tea gardens and rare beauty of rolling stones from hills. It is situated besides the river Mari in the lap of Hill Khashia. Sreemangal Sreemangal is a hilly area covered with tea estates. There are 47 tea gardens in Sreemangal. A large portion of world’s highest quality tea is grown here. It is also called the city of ‘two leaves and a bud. Sreemangal is famous for nature,forests and wildlife.This little town is located about 200 KM northeast of Dhaka.Main attraction are the Lawachara National Park (tropical rain forest), Madhabpur lake (the lake of lotus), Tea gardens, Monipuri & Khashia tribal villages, Baikkabeel (wetland of seasonal birds) and also the world famous 7 layer-color tea cabin. Bisnakandi Bisnakandi is located in Rustompur Union of Sylhet district’s Gowainghat upazila. It’s basically like a stone koyari as Jaflong. At Bangladesh-India border point several steps of the Khasiya hills matched at one point. There is a high mount groove. The main attraction of this spot for travelers is to plug the flow of water flowing over rocks. Moreover, monsoon vine is stuck in the clouds on the mountain. In all a coalition of mountains, rivers, springs, waterfalls, stones and natural beauty of Bisnakandi is a remarkable place. lalakhal Lalakhal is a small village just below the Jainta hills in Sylhet which is an immense tourist spot in Bangladesh. It is one of the most beautiful places in Bangladesh. Lalakhal has the emerald green color water the same during all season. Soil mixed with the water and filthy bottom made the water look like this. By and large tourists hire boat from Sarighat. Local engine boats will take you to the location in just 1 hour 15 minutes. You can take a trip by car too. Zero point is a corner where you can also travel which is not at all far from Lalakhal. Madhabkunda waterfall Madhabkunda waterfall is one of the highest waterfalls in Bangladesh. It is situated in Barlekha Upazila in Moulvibazar District, Sylhet Division. The waterfall is a popular tourist spot in Bangladesh. Big boulders, surrounding forest, and the adjoining streams attracts many tourists for picnic parties and day trips.Visitors can visit Madhabkunda either from Sylhet or Moulvibazar by road, or from Kulaura Junction by train. The journey to Madhabkunda itself is exotic. On the way visitors can see the greenish beauty of tea garden, the hills and the zigzag road through the hills. Rubber and lemon plantations form a beautiful landscape. Tanguar haor Tanguar haor, located in the Dharmapasha and Tahirpur upazilas of Sunamganj District in Bangladesh, is a unique wetland ecosystem of national importance and has come into international focus. The area of Tanguar haor including 46 villages within the haor is about 100km2. It is the source of livelihood for more than 40,000 people. The Government of Bangladesh declared Tanguar haor as an Ecologically Critical Area in 1999 considering its critical condition as a result of overexploitation of its natural resources. In 2000, the hoar basin was declared a Ramsar site – wetland of international importance. Address: House No: 10, Road No: 12, Block: K, Baridhara Diplomatic zone, Phone Number: +88-02-48810641, +88-02-48810642 Hotline number: +88-01792000766 Fax Number: +88-02-841-8911 Email: info@osc.visamalaysia.com.bd One Stop Center General Notice Board www.windowmalaysia.my www.tourism.gov.my www.imi.gov.my www.kln.gov.my www.mm2h.gov.my www.mdec.my © 2017 VISAMalaysia - All Rights Reserved	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line404
__label__wiki	0.651186	0.651186	VSO Publications Ltd. Vale Star, Mallow Star, Weekly Observer Mallow Star Online Vale Star Online Weekly Observer Online Vale Star Mallow Star Weekly Observer Aisha and Mark win at Annual Road Safety Awards VSO Publications – December 22, 2016 Liz O’Donnell, Chairperson of the RSA, presenting a ‘Leading Lights in Safety Award’ to Aisha McAuliffe and Mark Lynes of Colaiste Treasa Secondary School, Kanturk. Students Aisha McAuliffe and Mark Lynes from Coláiste Treasa Secondary School, Kanturk, were among the winners at this year’s Road Safety Authority (RSA) ‘Leading Lights in Road Safety’ Awards. Aisha and Mark were presented with the Education Award in the secondary school category for their project, ‘Take Care! Be Internationally Road Aware.’ The idea for the project came from a trip to the United States by Aisha who noticed the different road markings and speed limits there, and came to the conclusion that this must cause confusion for tourists visiting Ireland. In May 2015, Aisha and Mark, along with their teacher Derry Donovan, approached 18 car rental companies to gather data on what information these companies were providing to tourists and to find out what issues tourists face on Irish roads. From extensive research, the team produced a report, the findings of which were featured in an article in the Irish Examiner. Since then both Aisha and Mark interned with car rental company, Europcar, and over the summer designed a blog and posted tips and advice for anyone travelling to Ireland. The awards ceremony was hosted at Farmleigh House where 37 individuals and organisations were honoured for their com-mitment and dedication to road safety. MC for the day was RTÉ News Correspondent Teresa Mannion, with awards presented in categories, including media, education, business, emergency services and public sector. Ms Moyagh Murdock, Chief Executive of the Road Safety Authority said: “Every year, we have the privilege of being able to recognise the ‘unsung heroes’ of road safety at the Leading Lights in Road Safety Awards. We at the RSA can’t tackle road safety alone, so we rely on individuals, organisations and communities to act as ambassadors and advocates for road safety. What astounds me every year is the number of people – right around the country – who are taking personal responsibility for finding creative and workable solutions to the problems on our roads. Congratulations to every-one who received an award today and on behalf of everyone who uses the roads, thank you for your commitment and dedication to making them a safer place.” Ms Liz O’Donnell, Chairperson of the RSA presented the awards, saying: “Every year, this special event gives us an opportunity to honour the people who are making a real difference in road safety. This year, the judging panel had a very difficult decision to make, as the quality of nomin-ations and entries was extremely high. Once again, I am proud to be here today to present these awards to such extraordinary individ-uals and organisations. I thank you for the work that you do, every day, and for the example you set us all in keeping our roads free from death and injury.” Online Paper To Subscribe to the Vale Star, Mallow Star or Weekly Observer Choose one of the following: 3 months €25 12 months €75 Current subscribers can click the login button. Copyright VSO Publications Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Site by Spiralli Business Solutions	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line405
__label__cc	0.603761	0.396239	KU football drops to 21st, 24th in polls Photo by Nick Krug Kansas quarterback Todd Reesing gets rid of the football as Colorado defenders Marquez Herrod (90) and B.J. Beatty close in during the third quarter Saturday, Oct. 17, 2009 at Folsom Field. By J-W Staff Reports The Kansas football team fell six spots to 21st in the USA Today coaches poll and seven places to No. 24 in the Associated Press poll. Both rankings were released Sunday. The Jayhawks fell in the polls after suffering their first loss of the season — a 34-30 setback to Colorado — on Saturday in Boulder, Colo. KU is the only Big 12 North team that remains in the top 25. Other Big 12 teams in the polls include Texas (No. 3 AP, No. 3 coaches), Oklahoma State (14, 12), Texas Tech (21, 24) and Oklahoma (25, NR). Big 12 teams receiving votes were Nebraska and Missouri in the AP and Oklahoma, Nebraska and Missouri in the USA Today coaches poll. KU's game against OU on Saturday will be the sixth time in the last three seasons that the Jayhawks have played a game that has featured two teams ranked in the AP poll. Click here to see how Journal-World sports editor Tom Keegan voted in the AP poll. The full rankings are below. Others receiving votes: Notre Dame 61, Mississippi 59, South Florida 57, Nebraska 52, Michigan 41, Central Michigan 39, Arizona 25, California 9, Arkansas 8, Oregon State 5, Missouri 4, Navy 4, Wisconsin 4, Idaho 4, Auburn 3, Boston College 3. USA Today coaches poll Ohio State (tie for 17th) Houston (tie for 17th) Others receiving votes: Oklahoma 113, South Florida 104, Nebraska 84, Central Michigan 34, Notre Dame 31, Boston College 26, Wisconsin 26, Arkansas 19, Michigan 13, Georgia 12, Missouri 11, Oregon State 10, Idaho 8, Auburn 8, California 7, Arizona 7, Michigan State 5, North Carolina 1, Rutgers 1.	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line411
__label__wiki	0.543339	0.543339	Whip It Real Good~ A large, slightly rolling meadow is set high enough above the riverbank on both sides to avoid suffering from flooding, healthy ground cover and grass spreading out from either side of the dividing river. Scattered amongst the meadow are a variety of buildings, each with a narrow path leading up to it from a main, winding road. Some are set under a few trees, while others sit by themselves. Stables and a smithy are settled on their own plots, while trees border the western edge of the meadow, and a faint outline of a fence can be seen to the north. Squishy ground. Critters chirping in the foliage. The clouds leaving the skies overcast as the last drip-drip-drip of a passing shower leaves the meadow damp and fresh. Fl'ynn is well off center of the grounds, having somehow pilfered some straw-bales from the nearby stables, set them on their tall ends, and settles some bottles (also pilfered, but from the tavern) upon such things. Cha-POW there is the sharp crack of a whip as the teen flicks his wrist, curling and snapping, just barely licking one of those bottles to send it tumbling to the ground. The sound of the cracking whip is carrying across the meadows and bringing back a Daoi. The girl is visibly alert and eyes dart as the sound pierces the air once more. There was a slight disadvantage as her approach came from past the hay bales, allowing Fl'ynn to be hidden but at least she has the brains to swing her path around to the side for a safer approach. As she comes to a stop, bare toes curl into the muddy ground, squishy indeed. "So… you finally good enough to give me that lesson?" No, she hasn't seen him since that first meeting, but apparently she hasn't forgotten. As the rain finally comes to a pause, Esiae all but flees from the nearby stables, heels kicking up squishy splashes of muck with each step. Birds disregarded, she seems far more occupied with putting as much distance between her and a smelly, musty morning's worth of work as humanly possible. Well. Almost. Like Daoi, the girl's attention is quickly attracted to the sound of a flicking whip. Unlike Daoi, she has no idea who or what's going on, except that those hay bales definitely weren't there when she came in, and they look suspiciously akin to some that recently went missing. Recognizing the techcrafter and the rider, Esiae approaches, but keeps careful distance, considering Fl'ynn just snapped that bottle right off the straw. "Lessons?," she asks, catching on to the tail end of Daoi's question. Pale brows arch high, glancing from one to the other. "Er, I mean… Hi?" Tsk tsk. No manners. A tongue pokes from the corner of Fl'ynn's mouth in concentration, dark eyes focused upon the bottles before him. His attention moves to the bottle on the next bale, whip coiled at the ready, 'but he hesitates before going after the next target at Daoi's voice. The bluerider pauses, a smile appearing and provoking the dimples in his cheeks to make an appearance. "Hey, Daoi. I'm…." He pauses again, thought going into a correct response here. "I'm… not that bad, I think. I'm not sure I could teach anything yet, but there isn't anything wrong in trying." Eyes focus back on the bottle and then CRACK another empty container tumbles to the ground. His head turns at the new voice, focusing upon Esiae. "Hi." Flashing grin. Daoi gives a blink and twists her body to peer at other girl and sheepishly adds her own. "Oh…. hi." to both. Who can blame someone for forgetting the simple things like greetings when there's a whip involved? Anyhow, Fl'ynn was slow on the uptake there too. Thumbs hook into her pants pockets, anchoring the somewhat twitchy fingers as her attention wanders on back, eyes more on the leather than the person holding it. "Well you got the crack bit down at least, heard it back in the forest." Rocking back and forth on those toes as they curl she is very much the image of a child waiting to open her turnday presents. "Nothing wrong in trying at all." That second whipcrack is much more startling up close, but Esiae relaxes when Daoi adds her greeting, a reflexive smile hitching up onto her face. "Sorry. Foster mom told me it was rude to just… bust in on conversations. The practice is… not going well," she says just as sheepishly, one hand raising to scratch at the back of her neck. Interested eyes observe the exchange between Fl'ynn and Daoi, lighting up at the notion of the bluerider teaching the crafter how to do it. "That actually sounds incredibly interesting," she says, adding her two cents. "Never seen anyone teach something like that. Or, well, try." The statement is amended with a nasal laugh before her gaze catches on something else. Namely Daoi's feet. "Are you… barefoot?" Fl'ynn's grin grows even wider, a product of enjoyment in his current companions. And, well, it did stop raining so he can hang out here and be Awesome. Or something. "I've been practicing," he drawls in near a sing-song, chuckling afterwards. "And improving. I'll be needing an assistant soon who is willing to put life and limb on the line by tossing things for me to hit." Pregnant pause. "But not quite yet. Maybe after another sevenday or so." He flashes Daoi a wink, then looks to her. The whip is gathered up in his dusky hands, fingers slowly drawing the supple leather into a coil. Then it is offered. "Do you want to try it?" Mahogany-dark irised eyes focus back upon Esiae, his smile twitching, "Everyone needs a hobby." Apparently the way to get girls is with a whip… wait… something is wrong with that. But, Daoi is totally reeled in and more than eager. "It's a good way to get involved though… otherwise people just keep talking and ignore you." Oh, there's probably another mother failing at getting lessons to stick. One foot lifts and absolutely grimey toes wiggle towards Esi with a giggle. "Yeah, almost lost a sandal in the mud… so figured I'd just leave them at home." The distraction doesn't last too long as a dubious look needs to be directed at Fl'ynn. "Only if you hold something for /me/ to whip once I learn." Grabby hands finally appear as he asks, did he really need to? "YES" The word comes out a little more forceful than she meant it and the sheepish look returns. "Please?" Esiae's mouth lifts in her own smile, mirth scrunching up both eyes. "Too true. I suppose of all of them, this is actually one of the safer ones," she says, in light of life and limb and all. "Diving off dragons into the ocean, now that's a dangerous hobby." There's a light laugh for Daoi however, head bobbing in agreement. "I know, right? Sometimes you just have to assert yourself. But O'rly— well, no, her /dragon/, she's very proper." Esi makes a very ladylike gag sound for that. Charming. "Ah, okay. That makes sense then. It's just… of all the things I expected, no shoes in the mud was not one of them." That said, Esi backs up a few steps, giving Fl'ynn and what is apparently his new assistant plenty of room to work. Eyes watch avidly however, just as interested in the lesson itself as she is in the actual whipflicking. Fl'ynn's own dark eyebrows lift in question at Daoi's pronouncement. He extends out his hand, moving a pointing index finger as if to touch the very tip of her noise, "Now, who said I meant you." With that, the teen deliberately turns in place to stare down Esiae. While he looks across to her, he does still offer up that whip to Daoi. "Sure. Did you see how I did it though? Use your dominant hand." His dark eyes are still focused upon Esiae though, "Would you be interested in being my partner in throwing things when I get to that stage?" Daoi goes crosseyed glaring at that finger, which ruins the effect entirely. The whip is snagged the moment it's held towards her and perhaps even before it's fully extended. "Course I did." She was watching him rather intently after all. "She's prettier for an assistant, get more people to watch that way too." is the spared comment that despite the words she doesn't seem bothered at all. Apparently she'd rather be on the handle end of the whip as she steps away from the pair, getting a feel for the weight with a perhaps too gleeful grin. Esiae stills when she's suddenly made the focus of Fl'ynn's attention, eyes shifting from that whip he's extending towards Daoi and back. There's suspicion there for a moment, then amusement, followed by determination. "As a matter of fact, I would," she says, flashing a wide grin, gaze flickering as though mentally picturing it already. "Loss of limb doesn't scare me any." A beat. "Well, not much, at any rate. You gotta promise you'll be good and practiced first though, yeah?" She pins him with a pointed look that's supposed to be serious, but it's rather undercut by a growing sense of excitement behind her eyes. Well. That and another ladylike snort for Daoi's comment. "Well, I do have a certain expertise when it comes to entertainment," she says with a theatrical flourish of both hands, gesturing dramatically from Fl'ynn to Daoi when the girl takes and immediately weighs the whip. Esi can't help but grin as well, dropping the act to watch her just a tad warily. Fl'ynn releases his hold of the whip as soon as he feels Daoi take ahold of it. Just as quickly, the teen is scurrying away to watch at a distance the same as Esiae. Actually, the bluerider reaches out as if to snag the girl's shirt-tails and try to tug her back just a hair more. You know, just in case Daoi gets a little wild there -which is a distinct possibility. "Try a few light runs at first. Swing your arm forward and up, only about as high as your shoulder, girl. Use your wrist." He nods back to Esiae following his tips to Daoi, "Oh, I will. I wouldn't do anything that'd hurt you. You've got a good throwing arm though, right? I can't have some wussy noodle arm assistant." His dark eye slant briefly to her before quickly glancing back away, as if he wasn't gauging her reaction at all. "Nice flare… I like it. Guess I'll keep you -if you've got an arm." Oh, that's a definite vote of confidence, the scurrying away /and/ dragging the other bystander with. Then again, with Daoi's eagerness she could easily have started swinging the whip around every which way. Luckily for everyone in the vicinity though, she's still letting herself get the feel for it even just turning the handle around with her fingers. Sadly, she missed Esi's quick demonstration but at least didn't tune out the directions entirely. Taking a stance she swimply swishes it back and forth a few times before doing as she's told. The first flick doesn't produce that wonderous crack, but the second is much more satisfying. Oh, and did I mention she's positively beaming at this point? Esiae eeps as she's pulled back by her tunic, slipping just a tad on the slick ground. Luckily she keeps her feet, but it's a near thing, causing the girl to clear her throat and straighten her clothes oh-so-casually. "I uh… have a better arm than I do balance," she says, tone awkward, but grin put firmly in place. "Sailing with my dad had its perks, one of which is decent upper body strength. No use on a ship if you can't haul the lines." She makes an audacious muscle-arm, considering she's a skinny little wisp of a seventeen-turn-old, but she knows it's a poor representation if her expression is anything to judge by. The bluie will just have to take her word for it. For now though, Daoi is giving the whip a few experimental flicks, and Esi's grinning just about as big when her second go apparently gives the result the techcrafter was looking for. "Niiice," she comments, bouncing on her toes just a bit. Fl'ynn can practically feel the glimmer of Daoi's beaming from here. Oh yes. So maybe that would necessitate yet another step back, 'just cause. His voice drops a tad, lowered for Esiae's ears only, as his hand shields his mouth from view "Pretty sure that crack just created a monster." In the next breath he is clearing his throat, speaking plenty loud for the whip-wielder's ears, "Not bad. Careful though. Don't catch your ankles or face." He obviously speaks from experience. He glances back to Esiae, smile appreciative. "Yeah, you'll do. Gimme a sevenday or two, depending on how much Comet runs me about the planet. Then I'll be requesting your services." Daoi is currently the happiest girl alive, and the fact that wielding a whip made her that way should simply strike even more fear and concern into the bluerider's heart. At least she's not charging in without a care for hitting herself. Every movement actually seems thought out, the glee not translating into sloppiness. In fact she's concentrating quite a bit, the next flick of her wrist has even better timing and this time the crack splits the air. A squee follows after that noise and she turns to grin at her audience, blinking as she notices their increased distance. "Thinking that I should maybe be insulted by how dangerous you think I am…" Yes, dangerous with whip is /good/ but not the first time you use it. "Think you could get your dad to take me out sailing? I could think of a way they could use a techcrafter… really." The corners of Esiae's mouth twitch, trying to hide a smile for Fl'ynn's words. "You think?" That's said aloud, but innocently enough - she could be remarking on the latest fashions of the weyr if it weren't for the devious sparkle in her eye. It's a good sparkle though, as she seems to be enjoying Daoi's enthusiasm. There is a wince for the mention of whip catching on certain body parts, however. "Yeah, those bruises don't sound like ones that would be fun to explain," she admits with a hint of a question mixed in, issuing a giggle when the techcrafter finally turns around and notes how far away they've gotten. "It's not you, it's it?," Esi says rather unconvincingly, smile showing she clearly doesn't mean that. "But yeah, sure. Ista Hold is his port, so it might not be for a while, but he has travel near Xanadu at some point." A blink. "Really? Seacrafters have always been so… traditional, at least in my experience. What do you have in mind?" Not that she's trying to distract Daoi from her precision, but Esi's curious now. Fl'ynn's smile draws wider as Daoi continues, "Looking pretty good there. Not bad at all." Oh yes, that is a very appreciative comment coming from a bluerider not shy about admitting he is liking the view of Daoi playing with that whip. It takes a clearing of his own throat and a look back to Esiae to clear his mind… somewhat. He laughs at her talk of bruises, "Oh, I'm pretty good a story mentioning a whip will make it plenty fun." He quiets again though, listening to the talk of the sea-going trade. Daoi apparently is interpreting that as a compliment to her whip-cracking abilities and form. Or at least if she's realizing it's about /her/, she's not paying it any mind. And if the rider wants he can probably watch her working that whip for hours before she grows tired of it. Another handful of attempts have varied results, luckily none of them will create bruises later at least. "Least they'd know who to blame if bruises started showing up, right?" And the grin Fl'ynn gets is pure innocence there. "Oh… I dunno, but I could think of something! Or maybe just run away from the craft for awhile to sail, could just do that instead." And back to that whip, the last remaining target is eyed for a moment, and then the whip in her hand. Is she really going to try? Apparently, but stems fromt he hay bale go flying through the air instead causing her to squinch up her face. Guess she's not advancing /that/ fast. Esiae /does/ have to laugh for that comment, an abrupt 'ha!' at the idea of actually telling a story about bruises that involve whips. "I, uh… didn't think of it that way. Dear oh dear, that would be fun indeed," she says with an impish grin and a shake of her head. "So many ways to misspin that tale. Anyways, sailing isn't any easier than crafting, but it's definitely… well, wonderful," she says a tad wistfully, eyes instinctively drifting in the general direction of the sea. "There's nothing like it. Not even flying," she adds, even though that's pretty high on her list of fun things to do. "But if you ever want to, just let me know. I'm sure something can be arranged." Rocking forwards on her toes, Esi peers to watch this latest whipcrack, hopeful for the result. She awws aloud when it's hay that goes flying rather than a bottle, but she does have to give her hands a little clap of encouragement. "Better than I would have done, honestly. Some practice and you'll be as good as he is!" And isn't that just a scary thought~. "Hey, you hit the bale," Fl'ynn calls out in encouragement, his voice raising in pleasure at her having managed to strike one of those at the very least. "Once you get a knack at actually getting it to crack. Then you need to start working on accuracy." His grin breaks out huge at Esiae's words. He deliberately moves as if to nudge her, chuckling and echoing, "Fun indeed." His movement has the teen coming around her and moving around the periphery. "I'll be right back. I'm going to grab a couple more things out of the stables." A thumb is jerked towards the stables, "Just right in there. Be right back. Don't like… yeah." He'll leave the rest unsaid, kinda hesitate, dithers, shrugs his shoulders, and disappears into the stables. Daoi did at least hit /something/, and vaguely near where she was aiming at that. And it wasn't 'someone' instead which is always a plus. "Never thought sailing would be easier but… it'd be an adventure." And apparently that trumps 'easy' by far. There's a bright grin at the offer of making arrangements but admittedly here and now is taken up by that braided leather in her hands. At least she's dedicated in her attention and stepping back starts working simply on getting that wonderful noise consistantly. Fl'ynn departing rather suddenly causes her head to snap around, in fact it seems more abrupt since she was so focused on the whip. Then comes the blurted curse as she managed to catch her other hand in that turn. Right, concentrating is important. Shaking the hand out she then uses it to wave. "Kay…" right, wierd boy. It's early afternoon, and Daoi is, scarily enough, wielding a whip for the first time. Bales of hay have been set up, and one bottle remains standing, the first two having been expertly dispatched by Fl'ynn. He and Esi are standing by at an exaggeratedly safe distance, watching the techcrafter experiment. Esiae snickers with that nudge from Fl'ynn, head shaking to and fro as though she were disappointed in him for his outrageousness. If only her expression didn't reveal how incredibly amused she was by the whole idea. "This sounds like a vicious rumor that should be spread with little to no discretion just to see how people react," she says, trying to fight back a giggle. Ahem. "Anyways, yeah, an adventure is an understatement. It's like nothing else on the planet," she says, raising an eyebrow over at Fl'ynn for his halting speech. Her mouth works open and shut in a rather fishlike manner, watching him go for a long moment before Daoi's curse breaks her confused attention. "What a strange man," she says, shaking her head and then pointing at her hand. "You okay?" Apparently Daoi is not to be trusted with a whip in hand, at least that's what the distance seems to suggest. The girl does not appear to be purterbed at all by that though, and has been happily working with the whip, managing quite a few loud cracks that could likely be heard across the meadow. Luckily the curse wasn't loud enough to travel nearly as far. "Yeah, just a little sting is all, bound to happen. And yeah, he /is/… but he's letting me play with his whip so I'm not gonna complain." And he left it with her as he strangely took his leave. Esiae aws aloud, head canting to one side in concern. "Alright, if you're sure it's just a sting. I can run and get some of that cooling cream from the healers if need be," she offers, putting that out there in case. "Ah well. Guess I never noticed before. Still, it /was/ rather nice of him to let you keep it while he heads off to… wherever he's going," she says with a dismissive wave towards the stables. "Gives you a chance to actually practice, at least, else that'd've been a very short lesson." Daoi holds her hand up, it's got a tiny tinge of pink appearin on it but that's about it. No welt or anything of the sort. "It'll be fine, just can't get myself distracted mid swing like that." Glancing down at the weapon in her hand she simply grins. "Yeah, nice of him even to let me try it /with/ him here." Some people don't share their toys after all. "Might have to try to save marks to get my own.. or do a trade with a tanner." Esi peeks at that hand and, apparently satisfied, nods and smiles. "That's good, then. I guess I'm just used to dealing with the littles, where every little boo-boo is the end of the world," she says. There's an eyeroll for that, but her tone is affectionate. Kids have definitely earned a soft spot with her. "Hm, true. I wonder how much something like that would even cost. They probably make 'em regular, but a nice one to use for show… Hm." There's a nod for the notion of trading. "There's also that. I'm sure at least one in the area would be willing." Daoi can't help it, there's a giggle as the children are brought up. "Think I'm a little more sturdy than them. Not gonna cry over a sting. Bet you'd be tanning them if they said what I said though." Not that it was a horrible swear-word and all, but littles aren't allowed. "Bet I could ask Fl'ynn, but he might've gotten a deal on it." There's a slight sigh. "Doubt I could convince anyone to buy me one… not your normal present, huh." The mope is quickly replaced with another beam and she gives the whip one more successful and resounding crack. Esiae snickers and nods in a placating fashion. "I know. Just the gut instinct is to panic and go into overdrive," she explains further, and then laughs. "Oh shards, yeah, you bet I would. They wouldn't've known what hit them." The idea is amusing though, if her grin is anything to judge by. "Mm, true. Though if he got a deal on it, maybe he could get you a good deal in turn? It's a thought anyways," she says with a smirk. "Though yeah. Not exactly what one expects to hear in response to 'What do you want for your turnday?' and the like. Worth a shot though, with the right person." There's more applause for that loud crack, but it fades away after a second or two, the candidate suddenly acting a little distracted. Her eyes have focused weyr-wards, squinting in the paranoid fashion of one who has forgotten something. "Oh shards, what time is it? I think I'm late for a lesson…" Shoulders sag, the girl visibly drooping for the idea of having to go from whip lessons to book lessons. "Ah well. Better get going before they have to come find me. Doesn't tend to make them happy, that," she says, giving Daoi a wave. "Good luck, though! I expect to hear rumor of your excellent work by dinner." And with that, she's off at a trot, probably hoping to change her clothes before the lesson to keep from smelling like stable the whole time. Daoi is more than a little amused by the idea of kidlets dropping curse words apparently as there's a giggle from herself as well. "Maaaybe, guess I could give him puppy eyes and hope." Or apparently just let him see her working a whip enough it seems, though she wasn't aware of that so can't use it as a strategy. "Yeah… don't be late for those. Crafting it's bad enough, but I bet candidacy's even worse. Have fun with your lesson?" the least bit doesn't sound all that certain, after all who knows how boring those lessons might be. And, she'll get more practicing in without distractions. "Good luck!" And back to swinging her arm and flicking that wrist, lower lip between teeth as she concentrates. 2012_daoi_esiae_fl'ynnlogs_mar	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line412
__label__wiki	0.552398	0.552398	Eastminster: a global politics & policy blog A global politics blog from the University of East Anglia, UK Austerity Politics Critical Global Politics Environmental politics Europe & the EU Public Policy and Administration Reforming Parliamemt Politics at the Edge Podcasts Blogs from our students My experience of the Sweatshop Free campaign and the Activist Campaigning module at UEA Eastminster on Twitter Tweets by Politics@UEA May 7, 2020 May 12, 2020 by Admin Before the Sweatshop Free campaign, admittedly, I had never considered the possibility that the electronics that universities purchased could be built in a sweatshop which shows my own ignorance on such an intricate issue. At UEA, I chose a module titled ‘Activist Campaigning’ as it wasn’t a typical essay-based module about political theorists, like the rest of my degree. It was going to be practical and engaging and I was grateful to have it offered to me. Had I been aware of the possible involvement of sweatshops in university electronics when choosing which university to study at, I definitely think it would have had more leeway in my decision. Sustainability and workers’ rights are a fundamental issue, not only to me but to many young people, which is why I believe Vice-Chancellors cannot afford to ignore us. The current situation is that the Southern University Purchasing Consortium (SUPC) is affiliated to Electronics Watch for themselves but not their members. Electronics Watch is an independent organisation that monitors workers’ rights involved in producing electronics, working closely with workers themselves, and therefore allows procurement to be sweatshop free. Our goal was for SUPC to affiliate on behalf of all the Universities involved, not just UEA. By not being affiliated, there is no way to know for certain that the conditions in which these electronics are being produced are ethical. The bargaining power of over 40 members of SUPC would prohibit workers’ rights being violated because the risk of SUPC cancelling their contracts is too high. Our brief for the campaign was to produce an open letter to SUPC, a video petition and an on-campus exhibition. Unfortunately, the latter two were unable to go ahead as originally planned, due to Covid-19, however virtual versions of both were created. The online exhibition can be viewed here. During the campaign, our lecturer, Ben Little, split us up into smaller teams. Ones for targeting specific groups such as trade unions to SUPC themselves, other groups such as one for creating an exhibition. This was a student-led module, which meant we had a lot of free space to create this campaign how we wanted to. I was part of the ‘Materials team’ which I found extremely daunting at first. I had hardly any experience, bar a few leaflets I’d made before and running the social media for a society at my university. I was quite stressed out over how many tasks we would have to do, yet together we produced printed materials such as leaflets, posters and stickers for the exhibition and social media posts. Creating the social media posts was something I really enjoyed and felt proud of. The communication of the campaign to other students was invaluable as it helped us gain a majority of the signatures to our open letter and support and interest from wider groups such as our student newspaper. I enjoyed that this campaign challenged me to do something completely outside of my comfort-zone. If you had asked me a few weeks before the semester began, if I wanted to run the social media pages and produce printed materials for a national campaign against sweatshops in higher education electronics, I would have thought you were talking to someone else! This campaign has given me so much more confidence in what, not only I am capable of, but what we can all achieve by working together as this campaign relied on all the separate groups working as hard as they could. There was definitely a sense of community working with other students towards this common goal, and I think it was made easier by how committed and helpful everyone was. We received just over 150 signatures on our open letter, which you can sign here, including UCU and Unite’s support. We also received an email from the CEO of SUPC asking to discuss the campaign. Due to Covid-19, we do not want to push the campaign too heavily as most people are under unsurmountable amounts of distress and uncertainty. Having said that, sweatshops and the people who work in them have not just disappeared due to the virus, so it is important we do not lose sight of this and let the campaign go. In just a few weeks, we managed to get the attention of major trade unions, hundreds of students and SUPC themselves and had we had more time, we may have achieved even more. I feel fortunate to have been part of something with global effects and it has left me wanting to do more. If you are a student reading this and have a similar module or campaign opportunity offered at your university, my advice is to go for it and give it your all, even if it is something you could never see yourself doing. Kirsten Graver is a third year student on BA Politics and Media Studies at the University of East Anglia. Fieldwork and the Coronavirus Pandemic The Council of Europe recommends an end to the piecemeal regulation of online hate speech across the continent Copyright: University of East Anglia 2018 About Eastminster Welcome to Eastminster	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line413
__label__wiki	0.63432	0.63432	HAERTS Announce Debut EP, “Hemiplegia” Out Sept. 17 on Columbia Aug 08, 2013 By Mike Hilleary New York-based synth pop ensemble HAERTS have announced the release of their debut EP, Hemiplegia. Distributed by Columbia on Sept. 17, the introductory collection of songs was produced by Jean-Philip Grobler of St. Lucia and features previously heard tracks "Wings" and "All the Days." Coinciding with the announcemenet the band has shared an intimate look into their Williamsburg studio, featurings performances of "Wings" and "Heart." Click below to watch. Starting in September the five-piece will embark on a new tour opening for Washed Out. Scroll below the video to view the full list of performances. Yours Truly Presents: HAERTS from Yours Truly on Vimeo. HAERTS Tour Dates: 8/10 - Montauk, NY @ The Surf Lodge 8/23 - Dallas, TX @ Granada Theatre (GvsB III) 9/02 - Victoria, BC @ Club 9ONE9 * 9/03 - Vancouver, BC @ Fortune Sound Club * 9/05 - Eugene, OR @ WOW Hall * 9/06 - Portland, OR @ Pioneer Courthouse Square (MusicFestNW) * 9/10 - Boulder, CO @ Fox Theater * 9/12 - Minneapolis, MN @ First Avenue * 9/13 - Chicago, IL @ Metro * 9/14 - Rochester, MI @ Laneway Festival Detroit * 9/15 - Toronto, ON @ Opera House * 9/16 - Montreal, QC @ Corona Theater * 9/18 - New York, NY @ Terminal 5 * 9/19 - Philadelphia, PA @ Union Transfer * 9/20 - Boston, MA @ Wilbur Theater * 9/23 - Carrboro, NC @ Cat's Cradle * 9/24 - Athens, GA @ Georgia Theatre * * w/ Washed Out (www.haertsmusic.com)	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line414
__label__cc	0.597608	0.402392	Activities & Tours in Bristol Spray Sessions Schools & Private Bookings Bristol Street Art Tourwtw2019_admin2019-01-16T14:48:39+00:00 Discovering over 30 years of Street Art history Come and discover the street art home of BANKSY and explore international street art and Bristol’s graffiti art legends Running every Saturday and Sunday, plus mid week dates in half terms and holidays This is the first street art tour set up in Bristol, and the tour that was created to support and promote the artists, whilst providing insights into the working life of Banksy and many of the other artists involved in Bristol’s unique and internationally-known creative culture. Being supported by the Bristol street art community, you get the insiders view of the scene. Since it’s creation WHERE THE WALL has won numerous awards including BEST INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE and BEST VISITOR EXPERIENCE 2016/2017, Gold Award for GUIDED TOUR OF THE YEAR for WHERETHEWALL’s Bristol Street Art Tour and LEARNING EXPERIENCE OF THE YEAR for WHERETHEWALL’s “Introducing Stencil Art Spray Sessions” 2017/2018, at the Bristol, Bath and Somerset Tourism Awards. Insightful Graffiti Tour & Street Art Tour Our team includes people who have grown up with Banksy, and are experts in the fields of creativity, music and art, and can provide unique and memorable experiences for you and your group. Come and experience the rich history and culture of street art and graffiti in Bristol. BOOK BRISTOL STREET ART TOUR TICKETS HERE DURATION: Around 2 hours START: College Green, central Bristol (exact details upon booking confirmation email) ENDS: Bristol Cultural Quarter, Stokes Croft (15 – 20 minutes walk from the start point) Next available Bristol Street Art Tour dates: Book tickets for December 19, 2021 at 11:00 am Click here for more Bristol Street Art Tour Dates. “If you only do one thing in Bristol, make it this!” From Banksy to Inkie, Nick Walker to 3D, from 3Dom to Pixel Pancho, from 1988 to 2017 and beyond. Bristol as a city has a place in street art history that is incomparable. Come and see how. Bristol Street Art Tours is a guided walking tour starting in Bristol’s city centre on College Green and finishing in the creative quarter, Stokes Croft. All ticket bookings are taken online, using our credit card and debit card payment system, or from the Bristol Tourist Information centre on the Harbourside. Advanced bookings allow us to always start the walking tour on time. By coming on one of our tours, you will immerse yourself into Bristol street art and graffiti art, gaining insights into what makes Bristol a truly unique city for this art-form. “It felt like a floating lecture where you hang upon every word!” See art by the artists who inspired a young Banksy, explore Bristol’s pop art history We begin by exploring the street art in the centre of Bristol and then delve into Bristol’s independent and creative-quarter. Our Tour guides live and work within the Bristol street art community, so you always have the best and most knowledgeable tour guides. As street art is a transient and changing world with new artworks appearing each month, we will always show you the latest and most cutting-edge artwork. “One of the best experiences of my life! It was just awesome!” You should come on a Bristol Street Art Tour if : You like Banksy and want to hear more about him: from Bristol ‘kiddie’ to the world’s best known artist. (People on our tour actually know Banksy.) You want photos of cutting-edge and contemporary street art and graffiti. You want to learn more about the artistic-styles and techniques used in street art and graffiti. You’re exploring parts of Bristol you’ve not been to before. You want to celebrate Bristol’s rich history and culture of street art and graffiti Book your places Tickets can be purchased online using our booking system : Book your tickets Tickets are also available from the Bristol Tourist Information Centre near The Watershed. Address: 1 Canon’s Road, Bristol. BS1 5TX 80 Stokes Croft Bristol. BS1 3QY © Copyright 2019 - \| Where The Wall (Wear The Wall Ltd) \| All Rights Reserved Banksy! Self-guided walking tour Manage your own COVID secure, social-distancing. New cultural activity for visitors to Bristol. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. If you continue to use our site we will assume that you are happy with that. (Scroll to confirm or click "OK").Ok	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0058.json.gz/line415

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