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Owen Jackson
Category: TRACK
Owen Jackson of Flint Central was one of Flint’s finest sprinters. In 1945 in all of Flint Central’s Triangular meets, he finished first in the lO0 yard dash. He was the indoor city 60 yard dash champion (6.6 seconds), and the indoor champion at 6.6 seconds.
The smooth striding sprinter continued to dominate the outdoor season. He set the city record in the 220 yard dash at 22.7 seconds. In the Regional Track Meet, he won the 100 yard dash in 10.1 seconds and the 220 yard dash in 22.3 seconds.
Owen was the only double event winner in the Michigan High School State Meet. He won the 100 yard dash in 10 seconds and the 220 yard dash in 22.3 seconds. He was a consistent second and third place broad jumper of 19 feet 9 1/2 inches. He anchored the 880 relay to many victories.
Owen was Flint Central’s Most Valuable player in Track. In 1946 he was the South Atlantic AAU 100 yard dash champion (10 seconds), and the 220 yard dash champion.
In Kobe, Japan, he was the 100 and 200 yard dash champion. In the All Service Meet in Japan, he was second in the 100 yard dash. Owen was selected to the All Japan track team, and in the Japan Invitational Meet he finished second in the 100 yard dash and was on the winning 400 meter relay team.
Before retiring from Chevrolet Manufacturing in Flint, Owen held many positions in the U. A. W.
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Area in the 1760s
Domestic building increased from the 1760s. Bird's Buildings (later nos. 60-5 Colebrooke Row) were built on the north side of River Lane in 1767, and the houses originally called Colebrooke Row were said to have been built in 1768, becoming nos. 55 to 41, although nos. 54-5, much altered, may have been older. They are three-storeyed with attics, and had pedimented Doric doorcases; three were given an extra storey. Nos. 40 to 37 (later demolished) may have been built at the same time or c. 1775 with nos. 36 to 34, and the row ended on the south where the junction with the later Gerrard Road lies. (fn. 34) The last house at the southern end, then no. 1 Colebrooke Row, was originally the Colebrooke Arms but became a girls' and by 1828 a boys' school. A white plaster house behind the row was occupied for some years by William Woodfall (1746-1803), parliamentary reporter. At the north end of the row one of the houses facing south was the Revd. John Rule's school in the 1760s and 1770s and next to it were the Castle inn and tea-gardens. (fn. 35) The land on the east side of Colebrooke Row was let to William and James Watson as a nursery garden in 1770. (fn. 36)
Source: Quoted from http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=1281#n22
As Exercise Ground of Archers' Division
Area in 17th century
Area in early 18th century
Area Map - 1846
Charles Booth's Map of Social Economic Status of the Area Around 1898
Charles Booth's Entries on Social Economic Status of the Area Around 1898
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SteamFunk, CyberFunk, Afrofuterism, Oh My! Our Top Reasons to Funk it Up at BLACKTASTICON 2018!
BLACKTASTICON 2018 shouts “Welcome to the Future!” as co-founders Kool Kat Balogun Ojetade and Milton Davis bring you, Atlanta’s top-notch spec-lit convention (formerly The State of Black Science Fiction Con), this Saturday and Sunday (June 16-17) at GA Tech’s Ferst Center. This event is chock full of Afro-futurism, steamfunk, cyberfunk, dieselfunk, sword and soul, rococoa, Afrikan martial arts, and then some! Come see why we think you should come on out and celebrate the diverse and ultra relevant voices of current Black writers, artists, filmmakers, and creators of all kinds delivering some of the most dynamic and ground-breaking speculative fiction today!
1) THE MAHOGANY MASQUERADE. Get your steamfunk, dieselfunk, Afrofuturism fix as BLACKTASTICON kicks off the weekend with a night of funktastic shenanigans! Get gussied up cosplay-style (or don’t, your choice) and boogie down to the Auburn Avenue Research Library on African American Culture & History Friday, June 15 from 6-9pm!
2) PATTERNMASTER: THE LEGACY OF OCTAVIA BUTLER. Multi prestigious award-winning (Hugo and Nebula Awards to name a few) “Grand Dame of Science Fiction”, Octavia Butler’s life and legacy is the sole focus of this much-anticipated event. Come celebrate one of the most influential Black Science Fiction writers with poet and author Linda D. Addison, Guest of Honor/author Sheree Renee Thomas, Guest of Honor/artist John Jennings, author Troy L. Wiggins and author/screenwriter Kenesha Williams, Saturday at 12pm.
3) WOMEN IN BLACK SPECULATIVE FICTION. The WBSF panel, a.k.a. “2016’s most popular panel” (standing room only!) returns and with good reason. Explore the roots of Black Women in Speculative Fiction while celebrating the Black women authors, publishers and more with one helluva line-up featuring author/publisher Kool Kat Nicole Givens Kurtz, poet/author Linda D. Addison, author Sheree Renee Thomas, author Valjeanne Jeffers, author/screenwriter Kenesha Williams and author Christine Taylor-Butler, moderated by Kool Kat and BLACKTASTICON co-creator Balogun Ojetade, Saturday at 4:30pm!
4) THE RENAISSANCE: FROM HARLEM TO SATURDAY MORNINGS. Who doesn’t love comics, cartoons and animation? Roosevelt Pitts Jr., a thirty-plus year comic book industry vet and creator of PURGE, hosts this riveting exploration of the Black independent comic book scene, along with Guest of Honor/artist Mshindo Kuumba and Author Heru. Get ready to dig deep into the industry’s checkered past of Black representation in the animated medium and the exciting future that awaits generations to come, Saturday at 4:30pm!
5) FROM BLACK PANTHERS TO THE BLACK PANTHER. If you missed the historic event this past March, now’s your chance to experience a powerful discussion on the history, impact, importance and need for Creative Resistance and Heroic Black Imagery in film, fiction and artwork. Join authors, activists, actors and Hip Hop icons along with hosts and BLACKTASTICON co-creators Balogun Ojetade and Milton Davis, Saturday at 2pm!
6) LINDA D. ADDISON. Guest of Honor, Linda Addison is a poet and writer of horror, fantasy and science fiction. She is the first African-American winner of the HWA Bram Stoker Award, which she won four times for her collections CONSUMED, REDUCED TO BEAUTIFUL GREY ASHES (2001); BEING FULL OF LIGHT, INSUBSTANTIAL (2007); HOW TO RECOGNIZE A DEMON HAS BECOME YOUR FRIEND (2011); and FOUR ELEMENTS (2014). She was also recently announced the winner of the HWA Lifetime Achievement Award.
7) FROM ROMANCE TO THE VAMPIRE HUNTRESS. Celebrate the life and legacy of author L.A. Banks, known for creating diverse perspectives in horror, sci-fi, fantasy and romance. She was also involved in the creation of the popular television series, TRUE BLOOD. Catch this riveting panel discussion of the life and continuing influence of Banks with author K. Ceres Wright, author B. Sharise Moore, Diane Williams, author Stafford Battle and William Jones, Saturday at 3pm.
Linda D. Addison
8) IRON-AUTHUR. Let the wild rumpus start! Witness five authors compete for the title of IRON-AUTHOR, in the vein of IRON-CHEF (5 authors. 5 rounds. 5 minutes. 5 stories). Authors will have a chance to turn five Mystery Ingredient Words into a Science Fiction, Horror, or Fantasy short story in less than five minutes per round. Who will reign supreme? Get competitive on Saturday at 12pm!
Blacktasticon main con hours are Sat. June 16 from 10 a.m. to 10 p.m.; Sun. June 17 from 10:30 a.m. to 6:30 p.m. For more info, visit the BLACKTASTICON official website here.
Category: Features | Tags: afrikan martial arts, afrofuturism, author heru, balogun ojetade, Black Panther, black speculative literature, Blacktasticon, christine taylor-butler, comics, cyberfunk, dieselfunk, horror, john jennings, kenesha williams, L.A. Banks, linda addison, milton davis, mshindo kuumba, nicole givens kurtz, octavia butler, rococoa, roosevelt pitts, science fiction, sheree renee thomas, speculative fiction, steamfunk, sword and soul, the black panthers, the state of black science fiction, troy l. wiggins, True Blood, urban fantasy, valjeanne jeffers
Kool Kat of the Week: Weird Worlds and Twisted Tales: Spec-Lit Author Nicole Givens Kurtz Talks Diverse Voices, Representation and BLACKTASTICON 2018, Coming to Atlanta This Weekend
The State of Black Science Fiction shouts “Welcome to the Future!” as co-founders Kool Kat Balogun Ojetade and Milton Davis bring you BLACKTASTICON 2018, Atlanta’s top-notch spec-lit convention (formerly known as The State of Black Science Fiction Con), this Saturday and Sunday (June 16-17) at GA Tech’s Ferst Center. This event is chock full of Afro-futurism, steamfunk, cyberfunk, dieselfunk, sword and soul, rococoa, Afrikan martial arts, and then some! So come on out and celebrate the diverse and ultra relevant voices of current black writers, artists, filmmakers, and creators of all kinds delivering some of the most dynamic and ground-breaking speculative fiction today, including our Kool Kat of the Week, Nicole Givens Kurtz.
Kurtz, Dream Realm, EPPIE and Fresh Voices in Science Fiction award finalist, delves deep into the speculative literature genre (sci-fi, horror, weird westerns, urban fantasy, etc.). Her short stories have been published in thirty plus anthologies including “KQ” (LOST TRAILS: FORGOTTEN TALES OF THE WEIRD WEST, VOL. 2 – wild west/horror), “Death’s Harvest” (STREET MAGICK ANTHOLOGY – urban fantasy); “Kanti’s Black Box” (THE MARTIAN ANTHOLOGY – science fiction), just to name a few. Kurtz is also the mastermind behind the CYBIL LEWIS and MINISTER KNIGHTS series. In addition to her prolific writing career, Kurtz is publisher and owner of Mocha Memoirs Press, brought to life in order to bring more diverse voices to the land of speculative fiction.
ATLRetro caught up with North Carolina-based writer and frequent Atlanta visitor, Nicole Givens Kurtz, to find out more about her influences, her career in spec-lit, the need for diversity and representation, and the importance of BLACKTASTICON.
ATLRetro: The first annual State of Black Science Fiction Convention was a hit with over 500 attendees and 40 vendors. Atlanta welcomes it back for another exciting year as Blacktasticon 2018 invades the south once again! As a guest and panelist at last year’s event, can you tell us a little about your experience and what you hope to gain this year?
Nicole Givens Kurtz: The first annual State of Black Science Fiction Convention was an awe-inspiring event. It also felt like a homecoming. Many of the people there I’ve known virtually via social media. There were hugs, laughter, and a great deal of support. One of the beautiful things about the convention resided in the warmth and promotion of black science fiction. It was ours. Here we were not the fringe of the convention, but the center, its heart. That paradigm shift hit me hard, and there were times when I looked out at the sea of black faces–faces like mine–that I wanted to weep in joy. I’ve never felt so included in a convention before.
Blacktasticon welcomes us to the future, a boundless and complex yet beautiful future. With the current state of politics, of the #metoo movement, of the societal woes and bloody wounds still saturating the present-day, what message do you hope current writers and creators bring to the table for future generations?
The overriding message I hope Blacktasticon delivers to future generations is that we (African-Americans) aren’t going anywhere. The future is full of black people, including women. We are a creative force, in all aspects of media, comics, movies, novels, and animation. This convention shows the future generations what we are capable of and what they can do. Those creative doors aren’t shut to them because of traditional gatekeepers. This goes beyond simply diversity, but the nuisances of the black collective. African-Americans aren’t a monolith, and here at this convention, all of those various talents are displayed.
Black Women in Sci-Fi Panel 2016 (l-r) Nicole Givens Kurtz, Alicia McCalla, Penelope Flynn, Kyoto M., Rennie Murphy
Do you feel it is the job of artists, writers and creators to represent what this world should be and could be? If so, which speculative fiction writer past or present would you say represents the most comprehensive ideal of how the world and its inhabitants should be?
Science fiction has always been political. Mary Shelley‘s FRANKENSTEIN is an absolute novel about hubris. So, yes, I do feel it is our job to tell stories, as humans have done since the beginning of time, since before written language. We tell stories to explain the world around us. That’s the role of artists, writers, and creators to continue to tell those stories, including what the world should be and what it could be. Past fiction writers that I feel offered the most comprehensive ideal of our world are classics such as Octavia Butler, Ray Bradbury, Ursula LeGuin, Zora Neale Hurston, and of course, Mary Shelley. There are modern writers of science fiction and fantasy who are representing the world as is or how it could be as well. N.K. Jemisin, Daniel Jose Older, Max Gladstone and anyone at Rosarium Publishing is presenting fabulous visions of the future.
Can you tell us how you got started writing? Did you start writing as a little girl? Or were you older when the writing bug bit you?
I’ve been writing stories before I could actually write words. When I was little, I would go up to my room and continue the stories I saw on television with my dolls or in my head. Once I learned to write, I would scribble the stories down, but it wasn’t until high school where I won a district wide essay contest that I realized I could make money from writing. I read everything I could get my hands on from elementary school onward. My mother encouraged me to keep reading and we spent many weekends at the public library checking out books. When I became a teenager, I would skip the mall and spend my Saturday buried in books, gaining knowledge, and losing myself in other worlds.
Your Mocha Memoirs Press mission statement is “We believe representation in speculative fiction (science fiction, horror, fantasy) is not only important, but a necessity.” Can you tell our readers a little bit about Mocha Memoirs Press, LLC, and why you feel representation is essential?
Mocha Memoirs began as a way for me to funnel more diverse works into the world, where at the time, I saw a huge gap. The company began in 2010, and at that time, I did not see vary many science fiction works that reflected people of color, women, or black women in particular. Often when I attended conventions with my first novel, I was the only black person there at all, let alone actually selling my published novel. In an effort to give back but also bring awareness to the diverse stories we can tell, I started Mocha Memoirs Press. Representation is essential because it provides positive self affirmation. Essentially, seeing oneself in media as a hero, heroine, or protagonists demonstrates to the reader/viewer, “You matter. You exist. This future is yours and you have a place in it. This story could be your story.” Everyone wants to be valued. Representation should reflect the diversity of our world.
We see that you’ve had work published in LOST TRAILS: FORGOTTEN TALES OF THE WEIRD WEST, LAWLESS LANDS, and STRAIGHT OUTTA TOMBSTONE, to name a few. Can you tell us about your love of westerns (the weirder the better) and how living in New Mexico influenced your writing?
Prior to moving to New Mexico, I lived in a variety of other places (San Diego, Chicago, Louisville) but nothing took root inside me the way the Land of Enchantment did. My mother was always a western fan, and in our household, I grew up with Clint Eastwood, SHANE, and THE RIFLEMAN. To this day, my mother still sits and watches westerns. Imagine a young black girl in a housing project watching these men settle scores with the fastest pistols in the west. As a writer, my weird western stories are rooted in the theme of freedom. This place, the west, specifically, the southwest, thrived with a diverse group of people–Native Americans, Chinese immigrants, freed slaves, and of course, wealthy Eastern whites; each having to work together to scrape out a life in this harsh, new environment, and in doing so crafted an entirely different way of life, of culture, unlike those in the East. Those differences still resonate through to this day. That’s why I write weird westerns.
You’ve had short stories published in over thirty anthologies ranging from science fiction to horror and have had your novels become finalists for several awards, such as the EPPIES, Dream Realm and Fresh Voices in Sci-Fi. If you had to choose a favorite short story or novel from your bibliography, which would you choose and why?
This is like asking me to pick my favorite child! Of all the short stories I’ve written, “Belly Speaker,” is my favorite. It’s my favorite because it is a weird western, but it is about finding one’s voice when others threaten to silence it. My favorite novel, of the ones I’ve written, is DEVOURER. In this second MINISTER KNIGHTS OF SOULS novel, Akub seeks to redeem herself from her violent past by doing something criminal. I’m interested in redemption and how we overcome the actions of our past.
Which writer from the past and which writer from the present has influenced and continues to influence you the most and what is it about them that draws them to you?
The writer from my past that influenced me the most is Stephen King. Most of my stories have their roots in weird, strange horror. Even if they’re science fiction stories, horrific things happen in them. Robert B. Parker, Sue Grafton, Zora Neale Hurston, and classic literature such as Shirley Jackson, Alice Walker, and of course, Octavia Butler have all influenced me.
Having had the pleasure of experiencing your panels at last year’s convention, we know you’re not only a killer storyteller, but you’re also a spooky horror film junkie and fanatic like us! Can you tell us your favorite horror movie and why it ranks at the top of your list?
My favorite horror movie of all time is MY BLOODY VALENTINE, the remake. Don’t judge me! Prior to that movie, my favorite horror films were from the 1980s: LOST BOYS, FRIGHT NIGHT and HELLRAISER. I still watch these films on streaming media whenever I need a good scare.
As a writer working in the science-fiction, fantasy and horror genres, what challenges have you personally faced that seem to be a common theme among women, especially women of color in the industry?
When I began my career in science fiction publishing in 2005, the challenges were getting past the gatekeepers at major publishing companies to even look at my work. So many rejections of “Cannot identify with this character,” and “Nice concept, can’t sell it.” The perception that black protagonists wouldn’t sell or that readers who weren’t black couldn’t identify with a non-white protagonist in science fiction was astounding to me. This same genre where people could identify with shapeshifting tigers, but not another human being, continues to be the drumbeat for certain editors and publishers today. The difference today (14 years later) is the convenience of small press publishing, electronic book publishing, and self publishing options that allows my work to by-pass some of those gatekeepers. Conventions like Blacktasticon help me market and connect to readers who are hungry for those stories.
Can you give us five things you’re into at the moment that we should be watching, reading or listening to right now— past or present, well-known or obscure?
Five things I’m in to right now are: 1) CLOAK & DAGGER on Freeform/Hulu; 2) ALTERED CARBON-the series with Kovacs is a good cyberpunk series; 3) Sting’s TEN SUMMONER’S TALES is always in rotation; 4) Andrea Botticelli is also in heavy rotation; and 5) ROUTE 3 by Robert Jeffery is a comic series that I’m eagerly awaiting the next installment.
Any advice for women writers out there trying to get their foot in the door?
Nicole Givens Kurtz and SOBSFC guest 2016
DO.NOT.SETTLE. I wish I would’ve stuck to this advice at the onset of my career. Don’t settle. Do your research because this business requires a great deal of patience. Know what you want and do not settle for anything less.
Getting back to what brought us here, Blacktasticon 2018! Is there anything exciting you have planned for attendees? Can you give us a sneak peek into the panels you’ll be sitting on?
My press, Mocha Memoirs, will have special package pricing just for the convention. I’m on the Women in Black Speculative Fiction panel, which I’m very excited to be a part of again. Last time we had standing room only!
And last but not least, what are you currently working on and how can we get our hands on it?
I’m currently working on finishing a novella, that’s romance and fantasy. Afterwards, I’m diving back into my Cybil Lewis Science Fiction Mystery series. Then later this year, I’ll be working on my weird western short story collection.
Photos courtesy of Nicole Givens Kurtz and used with permission.
Category: Kool Kat of the Week | Tags: afrikan martial arts, afrofuturism, Alice Walker, alicia mccalla, Altered Carbon, balogun ojetade, black speculative literature, Blacktasticon, Cloak & Dagger, cyberfunk, Daniel Jose Older, dieselfunk, Fright Night, Hellraiser, horror lit, kyoto m., Lost Boys, Max Gladstone, milton davis, mocha memoirs press, My Bloody Valentine, N.K. Jemisin, nicole givens kurtz, octavia butler, penelope flynn, Ray Bradbury, rennie murphy, Robert B. Parker, rococoa, rosarium publishing, science fiction, Shirley Jackson, spec-lit, speculative literature, steamfunk, Stephen King, Sue Grafton, sword and soul, the state of black science fiction, ursula leguin, zora neale hurston
Kool Kat of the Week: Atlanta Author Michael Wehunt Dishes on the Grotesquery That is Humanness and Ventures Out into The Outer Dark Symposium on the Greater Weird, Saturday March 25
Posted on: Mar 21st, 2017 By: Anya99
Catch up with our Kool Kat of the Week, Michael Wehunt, and a plethora of other Weird and speculative fiction writers at the inaugural The Outer Dark Symposium on the Greater Weird, crash-landing at Decatur CoWorks on Saturday, March 25, and proudly sponsored by ATLRetro. And eat, drink and exchange oddities with the writers during The Outer Dark Symposium Pre-Party at My Parents’ Basement, Friday, March 24, 8-11 pm, where you also can gather ‘round for readings by Michael Wehunt, our own publisher and bloggeress in charge Anya Martin (“The Un-Bride or No Gods & Marxists,” Eternal Frankenstein) and Selena Chambers (World Fantasy Award nominee for “The Neurastheniac,” Cassilda’s Song).
The Outer Dark Symposium is brought to you by The Outer Dark podcast and its host This Is Horror! and features eight hours of panels, readings and signings centered around Weird and speculative fiction. Admission will be limited to 50 attendees, but all programming will be featured on The Outer Dark. Other confirmed guests include Daniel Braum (Night Marchers and Other Strange Tales), Gerald Coleman (When Night Falls: Book One of The Three Gifts), Milton Davis (From Here to Timbuktu), Kristi DeMeester (read her ATLRetro feature here where she discusses her upcoming novel Beneath), John C. Foster (Mister White), Craig L. Gidney (Sea, Swallow Me and Other Stories), Orrin Grey (Painted Monsters and Other Strange Beasts), Valjeanne Jeffers (Immortal), Nicole Givens Kurtz (The Cybil Lewis Series), Edward Austin Hall (co-editor of Mothership: Tales from Afrofuturism and Beyond), Scott Nicolay (World Fantasy Award winner for “Do You Like To Look At Monsters?”), Kool Kat Balogun Ojetade (The Chronicles of Harriet Tubman: Freedonia), Eric Schaller (Meet Me in the Middle of the Air), Grafton Tanner (Babbling Corpse: Vaporwave and the Commodification of Ghosts), and Damien Angelica Walters (Sing Me Your Scars).
Wehunt, a transplant from North Georgia (just a stone’s throw from the Appalachians), has set up roots in the lovely urban weirdness that is Atlanta. His short fiction has appeared in Cemetery Dance, The Dark, The Mammoth Book of Cthulhu: New Lovecraftian Fiction, The Year’s Best Dark Fantasy & Horror, and Year’s Best Weird Fiction, among others. His debut fiction collection, Greener Pastures, was published in 2016, and he’s currently working on his first novel, which is sure to please the maniacal masses. ATLRetro caught up with Wehunt for a quick rundown on what inspires him to put pen to paper, his admiration for the truly bizarre and why you should always follow your dreams, no matter how weird.
(l-r) Gerald Coleman, Nicole Givens Kurtz, Anya Martin, Michael Wehunt
ATLRETRO: It’s the usual state of things for a writer, or any artist to be honest, to be pigeonholed into clear-cut tried-and-true genres. Your work has been described as horror, weird horror, sci-fi, all wrapped up in a bizarre Southern Gothic blanket filled with the strange and bizarre. What are the pros and cons of being classified in such a way? And do you feel it’s better to not quite fit in any specific genre?
Michael Wehunt: I definitely prefer not fitting into any one tidy box. It really depends on an author’s ultimate goal, however. Sometimes the best way to make a name for oneself and become commercially successful—often a pipe dream, but what else are dreams for?— is to willingly climb into that single genre box. Your brand, so to speak, can be conveniently labeled. In my opinion, the label on the box is for the readers, not the author. But mixing genres is wonderful, too, and can have its own rewards. I likely won’t ever be a chameleon type of writer, using a wholly different form each time out. Instead, I’m more focused on that section of the Venn diagram where all these different areas overlap and exploring what’s there. The convergence could be subtle here or it could be stark there. Ultimately, these elements all serve the same purpose.
We see that you’ve had a long (and hopefully torrid!) love affair with Flannery O’Connor, the mother of grotesque discomfort. What is it about her tales and her writing that inspires you the most?
Flannery O’Connor was my third literary love. I discovered Stephen King when I was 8 years old, then Poe shortly after. It wasn’t until early in high school that I was introduced to O’Connor—and later still to Southern Gothic in general— and all these years later I’ve yet to read an author who could find that seam between ugliness and transcendence so perfectly. There are other authors who write beautifully in a Southern voice—Carson McCullers!— but none like she did. She mined the deep-running spiritual power of the South and smelted it with the grotesquery of petty humanness, and horror, black humor, and great beauty emerged in her work. Much later—only a handful of years ago, in fact—I would immerse myself in weird fiction and discover another love of my life. Robert Aickman and Algernon Blackwood, alongside contemporary authors such as Lynda E. Rucker and Laird Barron, showed me that O’Connor had been frequently writing a sort of weird fiction, though she was never credited with such. The only difference was that the spirituality in her work was the sort that America embraces, and it was all the more powerful to show what was under its rock while still remaining devout. The same cosmic strangeness is often right there in her books—why would we think our minds can fathom God with a capital G, after all—and this only deepened my love for her…and, yes, made it more torrid.
Stereotypically, the south, or “southerners” to be exact, is known the world over for its ability to bury deep dark secrets while flaunting its ignorance with a discomforting ease. How important would you say is the written word when it comes to exposing societal atrocities and do you think it is a writer’s duty to bring about change through their published works?
The South has a large closet filled with skeletons, to be sure, and the metaphor is uglier than it would be in most other cases. Not only have slavery and the foul mistreatment of Native Americans been largely papered over in our history books—not ignored, of course, but spruced up to look less unattractive—but poverty and the machine that perpetuates poverty bring out the worst in people sometimes, and a fierce sense of piety and Southern pride can sweep these things under the rug with a defiant pride. The word “demure” comes to mind. That rug has been peeled back even more in recent years. Not just in the rural South but in other analogous areas of the country. And things are squirming in the light. Fiction can be escapism, pure and simple. It can be socio-political in a direct way or in an indirect way. It can focus on philosophy and ideas. It can examine what it means to be human, with all a human’s transcendence and trappings. It can be one of these things or it can be all of these things at the same time. The best of it makes you think about the world without really letting you know it’s doing so, and in that way, change can come simply by engaging the reader with the self and then with the world around them. I know that much of my worldview (and self-view) came from reading dark fiction, and it’s no coincidence that compassion and kindness are the things I seek out in a political candidate or organization or friend.
Your debut collection, GREENER PASTURES, was published in 2016. Can you tell our readers a little about the collection and what inspired you to put together these particular tales in one grouping?
Greener Pastures contains 11 of my favorite short stories as of late 2015; those I felt worked the best together to carry a general theme while also providing just enough variety in subject matter and tone. When they were all together, I realized how prominently trees figure into my work, something I’d never truly noticed before. They’re everywhere, either in the foreground or background, but this was mostly accidental. Less accidental was the theme of loss. There are a lot of stories here that deal with various shades and types of loss, and how people cope with it. Write what you fear, they say, and that’s exactly what I fear. But I wanted a variety of moods and voices to bear these losses and keep things interesting for the reader. And, of course, a variety of darkness, including some good old-fashioned terror. In the end, I would say most of these stories speak from and of the human heart. There’s nothing suppler and earthier than humanity. I plan to dig in that dirt as long as people will let me. I’ll do my best to scare and unsettle them while I’m at it.
We’re also excited to see that your story, “October Film Haunt: Under the House” is featured in THE YEAR’S BEST DARK FANTASY & HORROR 2017 collection. Can you tell us a little about what inspired you to write this story and what it means to you to be a part of this collection?
Thank you! This will be my second time in Paula Guran’s yearly best-of-the-dark-stuff anthology, and I feel very grateful and fortunate for that. “October Film Haunt: Under the House” is an interesting and special story for me. It has two origins: The first is that I wanted to write a love letter of sorts to horror and weird fiction fandom. Four guys from different walks of life who met at a fan convention and found a common passion for horror films take a road trip once a year to the setting of a famous scary movie, documenting their findings and sensations. Since I’m a sucker for the found-footage genre of horror (à la THE BLAIR WITCH PROJECT), I wanted to try my hand at translating this medium into the written word, only switching into video camera mode when the story earned it. But I also wrote it specifically as a reaction to the majority of my work dealing with, as alluded to above, emotion, grief, and the joys and pains of being a regular person. I wanted no complex back-story, no real character development…just pure, unadulterated terror and craziness. It was a lot of fun to write, and I think it really did turn out to be a love letter.
You’ve made it very clear that “flesh and blood” characters are of utmost importance in your writing. What do you mean when say you write these types of characters and why are they important to you and your writing?
It’s crucial to have relatable characters that the reader—and the author—can easily imagine off the page. Even in the story I just discussed, “October Film Haunt,” in which I consciously stayed away from the importance of character arcs, the reader still has to care about the characters, what they do, and what they gain or lose. Antagonists, antiheroes and even the henchmen who die in the second scene should feel like real people…except, since this is horror we’re talking about, when they’re not actually people at all. When a story focuses on character and seeks a “depth,” that flesh and blood is all the more important. There’s no point in hanging curtains if there’s no window.
Short fiction and short fiction collections seem to be taking the stage and leading the charge, especially within the realm of Weird fiction. What do you think is it about the short story or novella that draws the Weird writing crowd?
Since Weird fiction relies primarily on the unknown intruding upon the known world—to simplify things—it can be difficult to sustain that sense of uncanny dread across the length of, say, a 90,000-word novel. Ambiguity is often the bread and butter of the Weird; that sense of awe and uncertainty is important to carry the fiction’s effect beyond reading. This isn’t to say there are no Weird fiction novels. It’s just that the ratio is skewed more toward its effectiveness as a short form. Horror typically works better than Weird fiction in novel form because its monsters are most often explained. There’s a clear path and intent: figure out the monster so that you can survive it. In Weird fiction, the “monster” is sometimes so inscrutable and vast (the universe itself or something so alien that the human mind can’t truly process it) that over the course of a novel, it becomes difficult to get away with that inscrutability. I also feel that short fiction is making a comeback in its own right, which is a wonderful thing. The novel is important, but there’s absolutely no reason for it to claim such a vast majority of the reading public. Short fiction can paint moods and tones and use forms and structures the novel simply cannot.
Speaking of the Weird writing crowd, you are scheduled to be a guest at the inaugural The Outer Dark Symposium on the Greater Weird this weekend (March 25). Anything special planned for this event?
My plans are essentially the same as with any other convention: go and have fun. We’re having a dinner with readings the night before the Symposium. It’s at 8:00 p.m. at My Parents’ Basement in Decatur, and though there is limited seating, it’s open to the public. And we are looking for weird and creepy things to do on Sunday, too, before everyone ships out. The best part of any convention is meeting and hanging out with people I usually only know on social media. They’re like family.
Any interesting stories on how you discovered Weird fiction and what specifically drew you to this particular group of writers?
It’s interesting to me—and a little embarrassing—how late I came to Weird fiction. I read horror as a kid but for some reason never explored it much beyond Stephen King. I have no idea how different I would have turned out if I’d stuck with it beyond my teenage years. But the darkness never left. I found it in other things. And when I finally, too many years later, decided I couldn’t put off trying to write fiction anymore, I reread some Stephen King stories and bought a copy of Ellen Datlow’s Best Horror of the Year, Volume Three just based on Amazon browsing. The latter book was a revelation to me. I discovered Laird Barron, John Langan, Tanith Lee, Stephen Graham Jones…it was a door opening, and soon I was an addict. These people thought about fiction the way I did, and I had no idea! I wrote my first story soon thereafter, and ever since I’ve been trying to pretend I knew about this stuff all along, even after admitting in interviews that I didn’t.
Do you have any advice for those writers just starting out?
There’s a post on my blog called “On Turning Five.” I wrote it last year to share my thoughts about what I felt was the first chapter in my career. It goes into more detail than I can here, but I shared six bullet points that I think are important for a beginning writer: talent (you gotta have some of that); time (use what you have and don’t worry if others have more of it); wisdom (rely on your own, seek others’); kindness (support other authors, pay it forward); persistence (keep doing it, keep fueling the fire of your passion to write in any way you can think of); and resiliency (there will be a lot of rejection—it’s as important a part of the reality as success is).
Can you fill us in on what you’re currently working on? And where can our readers get their hands on your published works?
I’m currently in the middle of my first novel. There’s some weird fiction, some horror, some literary sensibilities, and some ore from other mines. I have that Venn diagram taped over my desk with a thumbtack pressed into the center. As for my published works, my novella, “The Tired Sounds, A Wake,” has sold out forever, sadly, as it was a limited-edition pressing, though it will live again down the road in my next collection. Greener Pastures is available through Apex Book Company or Amazon and other online retailers. My blog has links to all my stories that aren’t in the collection as well.
Can you give us five things you’re into at the moment that we should be reading, watching or listening to right now—past or present, well-known or obscure?
Reading: Julian Barnes’ novel The Sense of an Ending. I’m reading it for the third time right now. It’s a very short literary novel that takes an uncomfortable look at memory and its reliability, both intentional and unintentional. Beautiful and unsettling. There’s a film version coming out soon, so now would be a good time to discover the book. Watching: I’m terribly behind on films. These days my partner and I are watching The Golden Girls in its entirety, and I’ve been having fun reliving my childhood—it was the last show my grandmother and I watched regularly together— and coming up with fake occult theories about Sophia and the girls. Listening: Mica Levi’s film scores. I listen to a lot of ambient, drone, and classical, and Levi’s work for recent films is wonderful to write to. UNDER THE SKIN and JACKIE are both great and very different from each other.
And last, but not least, care to share anything weird and bizarre we don’t know about you already?
This isn’t particularly weird, but I used to have a fairly profound fear of public speaking. For some reason, back in 2010 I got it into my head that I wanted to try amateur standup comedy, which is pretty much the opposite of what I do now. I did it three open-mic performances. It was utterly terrifying but fun—I can clearly remember the swelling panic in my chest—and I’m convinced it was the first step toward writing fiction, which was my other big fear. And while I still have that old fear of public performance in me, it did wonders for it, and it made me an advocate for those scared to put themselves out there: Just do it. Follow your dreams no matter what shape they ultimately take. You’ll be glad you did.
ATLRetro is proud to be a sponsor of The Outer Dark Symposium on the Greater Weird on Saturday March 25. Attending memberships to the symposium are $25 and limited to 50. A few are still available at press-time. Contact atlretro@gmail.com. There’s also a pre-party with author readings on Friday March 24 at My Parents’ Basement in Avondale Estates from 8-11 pm.
Category: Kool Kat of the Week | Tags: algernon blackwood, Anya Martin, apex publications, balogun ojetade, carson mccullers, craig l. gidney, damien angelica walters, daniel braum, decatur coworks, Edgar Allan Poe, ellen datlow, eric schaller, Flannery O'Connor, gerald coleman, grafton tanner, greener pastures, jackie, john c. foster, julian barnes, kristi demeester, Laird Barron., lynda e. rucker, mica levi, michael wehunt, milton davis, my parents basement, nicole givens kurtz, orrin grey, paula guran, robert aikman, Scott Nicolay, selena chambers, stephen graham jones, Stephen King, Tanith Lee, the blair witch project, the outer dark, the outer dark symposium, under the skin, valjeanne jeffers, we are horror, weird fiction
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Home Greek History Class And Status
Greek History – Class and Status
This essay was produced by one of our professional writers as a learning aid to help you with your studies
Class Structure and Status in Greek History
Are there any special insights to be had from analysing Greek history in terms of either class or status?
Greek history cannot be viewed as complete without analysing the class structure and status, as most of the historical evidence we have acquired from the classical period have come from inscriptions and sculptures made by one particular class of people, who had a high status in society.
Thusly it is not necessarily about gaining special insights as it is gaining as complete an insight into Greek Ancient history as possible, though special insights will inevitably present themselves.
This side of Greek history has only been focused on since these issues have come to the fore in modern times what with Marxism and communism rising in the 20th Century; these issues of class and status come under classical scrutiny because it is inevitable that they were as relevant then as they are now because human nature does not change and you will see clear comparisons.
Only men native to a particular city-state who were free and owned land were entitled to the full protection of the law in a city-state and be considered citizens. The Athenian social structure consisted of the population being divided up into four classes based on wealth.
This differs from Sparta where all male citizens who finished their education were considered equal. So it is clear that insights can be gained from analysing Greek history because both class and status are issues that classical historians must understand in order to have as complete as possible outlook on Greek history.
People who were not part of the free land owning citizens were known as metics. Foreigners who moved into the city were part of this group, so too were slaves who had been freed. It can certainly be argued that this is exploitation of and looking down on certain groups of people showing us a special insight into how the different classes saw each other and the status each acquired. This insight could not be attained without analysing the class or status.
Because they did not have the technology we have today in antiquity, G. E. M. de Ste. Croix argues in his book ‘The Class Struggle in the Ancient Greek World’ that the dominant wealthy classes continued to dominate by demanding a lot more than was actually necessary from the lower classes. Such things as slavery, serfs, debt bondsmen and many other methods were employed to stop the lower classes from rebelling by keeping them busy.
This is backed up by people such as Aristotle, who wrote in his ‘Politics’ that men (meaning citizens of the state) were rational animals but slaves and women were not capable of reason. He called slaves “animate tools” whose only use was to obey the commands of the rich masters. In his ‘Politics’ work he writes, “But among barbarians no distinction is made between women and slaves, because there is no natural ruler among them: they are a community of slaves, male and female. Wherefore the poets say,
It is meet that Hellenes should rule over barbarians; as if they thought that the barbarian and the slave were by nature one.”
This gives us some clear insight into the mindset of the citizens of Greek city states.
There is a common misconception amongst people that “Greece” was a unified nation that thought as one. But, I have already displayed a difference between two different cities in Greece and their social structures were quite different and these differences do offer us special insights.
Greece was not one nation operating under the same thinking, but it contained many different identities, it is both a Mediterranean and a Balkan country. In fact, an official Greek state did not come into being until Rome united it as one. There were hundreds of different states across the area which contained the people who became known as the Greeks. Loyalty was held to their own city states, rather than ‘Greece’ as a whole.
We can also gain some insight into daily life when analysing Greek history in terms of class or status. Most of the population were forced to work on the soil by those that were free citizens who were a small number of wealthy landowners and owned a lot of land. The slaves would work on the wealthy landowners’ land, there was little alternative to this. So they were viewed as mere tools, as the aforementioned quote from Aristotle shows, describing them as “animate tools” as if they were modern day tractors or any other tool that makes agriculture easier, for the wealthy landowner at least.
There is also another area of study, apart from the relationship between the wealthy landowning citizens and the metics and slaves which is about how business in general was conducted in Ancient Greece that is opened to us once we study Ancient Greece from the perspective of status and class. Paul Millet suggests that patronage has had so little written about it that one might think it did not even exist in the Ancient Greek World.
However, it must be said, with what little evidence we have; Sparta is the city-state we have the most evidence for patronage, but below this is Athens. Athens was viewed as the most advanced democracy of the time, and the aforementioned Aristotle also viewed it as such, despite its inequalities.
This quote from Aristotle’s ‘Politics’ is relevant here as, remembering his previously quoted view on barbarians, here he is talking about the citizens of the perfect democracy, which does not include slaves, women, metics and others: “Democracy arose from the idea that those who are equal in any respect are equal absolutely. All are alike free, therefore they claim that they are all equal absolutely.”
Athens has always been said to have been the first true “democracy” by mainstream classical historians, special insight can be gained here from studying Ancient Greek history from a class and status perspective to denounce that myth. Though all members of the citizenship of Athens could vote at the assembly, the vast majority of the people who actually lived in Athens, like the metics, women, slaves and others could not vote or have any say in political life.
Comparisons can be drawn to today here as, before Solon’s reforms slavery was given as a punishment for debt. This is comparable to today and offer special insight because today personal debt is at an all time high, particularly in America and Britain and if the debt becomes too high the banks send bailiffs to seize your property and your home effectively removing you from the ‘citizenship’ and making you a metic.
Using the Marxist ideology adopted by de Ste Croix in his aforementioned book, more comparisons can be drawn to today as a small minority of the people still maintain all the wealth. The means of production concept is also as relevant then as it is now and the owners of the means of production, the bourgeoisie still control it thus forcing the common man or the proletariat into working in order to survive. This in effect is slavery as they have no other choice but to work and feed the means of production to keep the wheels of democracy and capitalism turning.
Analysing the status of women also offers special insights into Greek History that would otherwise have gone unnoticed by the male dominated classical period. The role of the female in Ancient Greece was one of purely being a housekeeper and a mother to any children she may have. As I have said, there was no way for them to get involved in political life. Plays like Aristophanes’ ‘Lysistrata’ shows that the very idea of women being in power was considered completely ludicrous and was only relevant when they wanted to make a joke.
Like slaves, women could hold no possessions as they belonged to her father and then once she is married to her husband. Their primary function of looking after the home included the use of many slaves, sorting out finances, spinning, bread making and of course weaving which is the epitomy of the feminine thing to do as in evidence from Homer’s ‘The Odyssey’. They lived and ate in separate quarters from the men, nor could they go out in public on their own.
Spartan women had it better as they were allowed to take part in athletic competitions and generally had more freedoms. Comparisons can be drawn here with modern times also as in the Islamic faith women are encouraged not to be seen in public and in the Christian faith women have always been vilified. This is clearly special insight being drawn from Greece’s Ancient history as studying the status or class both offer the opportunity to compare social issues from ancient times to today, as they are clearly still relevant.
We can also gain insight from this because Athens’ direct democracy may not have worked if it weren’t for it’s usage of such strict requirements to be allowed to participate. This creates insightful debate over this very reasoning meaning that it was not a democracy per se, but rather a democracy for the few where only a small section of society could participate and be elected. Comparisons can also be drawn to today with the long Bush-Clinton dynasty heading towards their fourth straight president, who comes from the same elite wealthy section of society. But the only difference is that the debt “slaves” of modern times actually choose not to participate instead of being forced not to as was the case in Ancient Athens.
A more obvious comparison to modern times and what we can learn from the Ancient Greeks is the modern examples of literal slavery as opposed to the economic enslavement I have spoken of. Slaves in near modern times are quite comparible to those of Ancient times and thus offer an interesting insight into Greek history and what we can learn from it in terms of their mistakes, before slavery was abolished in 1863 in America many people were taken from Africa and elsewhere to America to work as slaves.
This is quite reminiscent of the barbarians I quoted Aristotle speaking of earlier, saying how they were less than human. This was the kind of attitude that allowed slavery to continue for as long as it did, and as Western society takes it’s origins from classical history it is then easy to understand why it was so readily accepted. The same comparisons can be drawn about the treatment of women and minority groups whose racism they had to endure is similar to the treatment and opinions of barbarians at the time.
In conclusion, what constitutes “special insight” can be interpreted many different ways but I feel that it relates to the information we can gain that has previously been ignored by the classical history establishment, in favour of focusing solely on the elite wealthy landowners without considering the slaves and the people who did not necessarily have a voice. This is why I feel de Ste. Croix’s use of Marxist ideology in his book ‘The Class Struggle in the Ancient Greek World’ is extremely apt in portraying this special insight as it effectively shows the same system of control that is employed today as back in the Ancient Greek World in a different format to today, but still ultimately debt slavery.
It also offers special insight in the general goings on of Ancient Greek society with the question of status and class relating to patronage’s usage and if it was even used at all as the lack of it in history books would suggest. The biggest special insight I feel it offers in terms of either class or status is that it shows the lack of willingness to make the unheard voices heard, it clearly shows that Greek history is written by those that dominated it and it’s majority of people living there as slaves, metics, women will unfortunately remain an unheard voice in the trumpeting of the creators of democracy we apparently hold so dear today.
De Ste. Croix, The Class Struggle in the Ancient Greek World, Duckworth Ed, 1997
Paul Millet, Patronage in Ancient Society, Routledge, 1989
Aristotle, The Politics, Jowett translation, revised by Jonathan Barnes, 1981
Homer, The Odyssey, E.V. Rieu translation, Penguin Books, 2003.
Arisophanes, Lysistrata and Other Plays, Alan H. Sommerstein translation, 2003
Professor Paul Cartledge, “Critics and Critiques of Athenian Democracy“, 1st January 2001, BBC: http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/greeks/greekcritics_01.shtml
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Daley, Moses
Temple Records Index Bureau, Nauvoo Temple Endowment Register, 281; High Priests of Nauvoo and Early Salt Lake City, 34.
Comprehensive Works Cited
Temple Records Index Bureau of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Nauvoo Temple Endowment Register, 10 December 1845 to 8 February 1846. Salt Lake City: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1974.
High Priests of Nauvoo and Early Salt Lake City. Compiled by Nauvoo Restoration. [Salt Lake City]: By the author, n.d.
–9 Dec. 1865.
“Daley, Moses,” in Black, Membership of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1830–1848, 14:83; Pioneer Women, 1:745.
Black, Susan Easton, comp. Membership of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1830–1848. 50 vols. Provo, UT: Religious Studies Center, Department of Church History and Doctrine, Brigham Young University, 1989. Also available as “Membership of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1830–1848,” LDS Family History Suite: LDS Vital Records Library, CD-ROM ([Provo], UT: Infobases, Inc., 1996).
Pioneer Women of Faith and Fortitude. 4 vols. Salt Lake City: Daughters of Utah Pioneers, 1998.
Farmer.
1850 U.S. Census, Davis Co., Utah Territory, 14[B]; 1860 U.S. Census, San Bernardino, San Bernardino Co., CA, 632.
Census (U.S.) / U.S. Bureau of the Census. Population Schedules. Microfilm. FHL.
Born at Walkill, Orange Co., New York.
Temple Records Index Bureau, Nauvoo Temple Endowment Register, 281.
Son of John Daley and Amy Mapes.
Married Almira Barber, 22 Jan. 1819, at Marcellus, Onondaga Co., New York.
“Moses Daley,” Individual Record, FamilySearch Ancestral File (Ancestral File no: 209Z-BP) (accessed 4 Aug. 2011); Pioneer Women, 1:745.
FamilySearch Ancestral File. Compiled by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. https://www.familysearch.org/search/family-trees.
Moved to Huron Co., Ohio, by 1827.
“Daley, Moses,” in Black, Membership of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1830–1848, 14:82.
Baptized into Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, before 1833.
Minute Book 1, 23 Mar. 1833.
Ordained a high priest by JS and Frederick G. Williams, 31 Mar. 1836.
High Priests of Nauvoo and Early Salt Lake City, 34.
Settled at Adam-ondi-Ahman, Daviess Co., Missouri, 1838.
JS, Journal, 4–5 June 1838.
Exiled from Missouri; located at Big Neck Prairie, Adams Co., Illinois.
Moses Daily [Daley], Affidavit, Adams Co., IL, 16 May 1839, in Johnson, Mormon Redress Petitions, 182–183; “Daley, Moses,” in Black, Membership of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1830–1848, 14:82.
Johnson, Clark V., ed. Mormon Redress Petitions: Documents of the 1833–1838 Missouri Conflict. Religious Studies Center Monograph Series 16. Provo, UT: Religious Studies Center, Brigham Young University, 1992.
Migrated to Salt Lake Valley, 1849.
“Daley, Moses,” Mormon Pioneer Overland Travel, 1847–1868, https://history.churchofjesuschrist.org/overlandtravel/pioneers/14812/moses-sr-daley (accessed 4 Aug. 2011).
Pioneer Database, 1847–1868. Compiled by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. https://history.churchofjesuschrist.org/overlandtravel.
Settled at San Bernardino, Los Angeles Co., California, 1851.
Pioneer Women, 1:745.
Died at Riverside, Riverside Co., California.
History, 1838–1856, volume A-1 [23 December 1805–30 August 1834]
History, 1838–1856, volume C-1 [2 November 1838–31 July 1842]
Capias, 30 May 1839 [ State of Missouri v. JS et al. for Riot ]
Docket Entry, Continuance, 14 August 1839 [ State of Missouri v. JS et al. for Riot ]
Docket Entry, Costs, 15 April 1840 [ State of Missouri v. JS et al. for Riot ]
Docket Entry, Nolle Prosequi, 10 December 1839 [ State of Missouri v. JS et al. for Riot ]
History, 1834–1836
History, 1838–1856, volume B-1 [1 September 1834–2 November 1838]
Indictment, circa 10 April 1839 [ State of Missouri v. Gates et al. for Treason ]
Indictment, circa 10 April 1839 [ State of Missouri v. JS et al. for Riot ]
Indictment, circa 10 April 1839, Copy [ State of Missouri v. Gates et al. for Treason ]
Indictment, circa 10 April 1839, Copy [ State of Missouri v. JS et al. for Riot ]
Introduction to State of Missouri v. Gates et al. for Treason
Introduction to State of Missouri v. JS et al. for Riot
Journal, 1835–1836
Journal, March–September 1838
Kirtland Elders’ Certificates
Letter to Moses Daley, circa 8 October 1834
License for Moses Daley, 31 March 1836
Memorial to the United States Senate and House of Representatives, 28 November 1843
Minute Book 1
Minutes, 23 March 1833–B
Minutes, 23 March 1833–A
Nauvoo Marriage Record, February 1842–January 1846
Recognizance, 18 September 1838 [ State of Missouri v. JS et al. for Riot ]
Sidney Rigdon, Appeal to the American People, 1840
Sidney Rigdon, Appeal to the American People, 1840, Second Edition
Sidney Rigdon, JS, et al., Petition Draft (“To the Publick”), circa 1838–1839
Transcript of Proceedings, Burglary, 6 July 1839 [ Extradition of JS et al. for Treason and Other Crimes ]
Transcript of Proceedings, Treason, 6 July 1839 [ Extradition of JS et al. for Treason and Other Crimes ]
Transcript of Proceedings, circa 18 September 1838 [ State of Missouri v. JS et al. for Riot ]
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Taleb Says Euro Breakup ‘Not a Big Deal’ as U.S. Scariest
Date: Wednesday, May 30, 2012
Author: Frederic Tomesco, Bloomberg
Nassim Taleb, author of “The Black Swan,” said he favors investing in Europe over the U.S. even with the possible breakup of the single European currency in part because of the euro area’s superior deficit situation.
Europe’s lack of a centralized government is another reason it’s preferable to invest in the region, said Taleb, a professor of risk engineering at New York University whose 2007 best- selling book argued that history is littered with rare events that can’t be predicted by trends.
A breakup of the euro “is not a big deal,” Taleb said yesterday at an event in Montreal hosted by the Alternative Investment Management Association. “When they break it up, there will be a lot of fun currencies. This is why I am not afraid of Europe, or investing in Europe. I’m afraid of the United States.”
The budget deficit as a proportion of gross domestic product in the U.S. amounted to 8.2 percent at the end of 2011, government figures show. That’s twice the 4.1 percent ratio for euro-region countries, according to data compiled by Bloomberg.
“Of course Europe has its problems, but it’s in much better shape than the United States,” Taleb said. He voiced similar concerns about U.S. prospects at a conference in Tokyo in September.
Yields on two-year Treasury notes were little changed at 0.285 percent at 9:19 p.m. New York time yesterday, while yields on five-year notes dropped more than one basis point to 0.761 percent.
Rising interest rates would make things worse for the U.S., said Taleb, a principal at hedge fund Universa Investments LP who also serves as an adviser to the International Monetary Fund.
“We have zero interest rates,” Taleb said. “If interest rates go up in the United States, you can imagine what the deficit would be. Europe is like someone who is ill but is conscious of it. In the United States we are ill, but we don’t know it. We don’t talk about it.”
Europe’s lack of a centralized government works in its favor, he said.
“The best thing Europe ever did is managing to have members bickering with each other, so you don’t have the big government,” Taleb said. “Centralized government doesn’t work. In Europe they tried to have a powerful Brussels, but what happens when you have a powerful Brussels? You have lobbies hijacking Brussels.”
To contact the reporter on this story: Frederic Tomesco in Montreal at tomesco@bloomberg.net
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MONDAY MORNING MISSION MEDITATION for the week of June 29, 2014
Catholic Charities. Providing Help. Creating Hope.
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-lR1tkhi6CVs/UbTZFROTx6I/AAAAAAAAAZo/DIfS7TQ5KHs/s1600/Blond+angel.jpg
The angel of the Lord will rescue those who fear him. (Ps 34:5)
On Sunday, (The Solemnity of Saints Peter and Paul, Apostles: http://usccb.org/bible/readings/062914-day-mass.cfm ) we read from the Gospel of Matthew wherein Jesus asks His closest friends, “who do you say that I am?” Peter proclaims that He is the “Christ, the Son of the living God.” Jesus calls Peter a “rock.” We hear in the first two readings how Peter’s faith will cause people to plot against him, and how Paul reflects on how he has given his life for the Lord. In both cases, Peter and Paul rely on the power and grace of God to be their strength and guide. So too, we are called to fashion our lives as followers of Jesus, proclaiming in our words, thoughts and deeds, who Jesus is: the Son of the living God.
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/--_Jv7o5s4PM/T-2ib92gy_I/AAAAAAAADjM/dq0tzI1Oubo/s1600/peter_paul.jpg
Catholic Charities (http://www.ccdoy.org) continues to provide the corporal works of mercy instituted by the early Church and Apostles as they created the office of deacons to help the widows, orphans and strangers as a sign of the love of God in our world. As Saints Peter and Paul provide us an example of being a witness to the truth about our faith, we too witness to the love of God and the love of neighbor which Jesus modeled and taught us to do -- “go and do likewise.”
Reflection from Church Documents and Official Statements
http://www.usccb.org/beliefs-and-teachings/how-we-teach/new-evangelization/year-of-faith/images/year-of-faith-logo-montage.jpg
http://cmsimg.news-press.com/apps/pbcsi.dll/bilde?Site=A4&Date=20130315&Category=OPINION&ArtNo=303150023&Ref=AR&MaxW=640&Border=0&Editorial-Pope-Francis-unique-chance
Pope Francis: Evangelii Gaudium
http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/francesco/apost_exhortations/documents/papa-francesco_esortazione-ap_20131124_evangelii-gaudium_en.html
59. Today in many places we hear a call for greater security. But until exclusion and inequality in society and between peoples are reversed, it will be impossible to eliminate violence. The poor and the poorer peoples are accused of violence, yet without equal opportunities the different forms of aggression and conflict will find a fertile terrain for growth and eventually explode. When a society – whether local, national or global – is willing to leave a part of itself on the fringes, no political programmes or resources spent on law enforcement or surveillance systems can indefinitely guarantee tranquility. This is not the case simply because inequality provokes a violent reaction from those excluded from the system, but because the socioeconomic system is unjust at its root. Just as goodness tends to spread, the toleration of evil, which is injustice, tends to expand its baneful influence and quietly to undermine any political and social system, no matter how solid it may appear. If every action has its consequences, an evil embedded in the structures of a society has a constant potential for disintegration and death. It is evil crystallized in unjust social structures, which cannot be the basis of hope for a better future. We are far from the so-called “end of history”, since the conditions for a sustainable and peaceful development have not yet been adequately articulated and realized.
Some important date(s) this week:
See website http://www.americancatholic.org/Features/Saints/ByDate.aspx for biographies of Saints and Blessed celebrated this week.
FRIDAY, JULY 4. St. Elizabeth of Portugal (1271-1336)
lizabeth is usually depicted in royal garb with a dove or an olive branch. At her birth in 1271, her father, Pedro III, future king of Aragon, was reconciled with his father, James, the reigning monarch. This proved to be a portent of things to come. Under the healthful influences surrounding her early years, she quickly learned self-discipline and acquired a taste for spirituality. Thus fortunately prepared, she was able to meet the challenge when, at the age of 12, she was given in marriage to Denis, king of Portugal. She was able to establish for herself a pattern of life conducive to growth in God’s love, not merely through her exercises of piety, including daily Mass, but also through her exercise of charity, by which she was able to befriend and help pilgrims, strangers, the sick, the poor—in a word, all those whose need came to her notice. At the same time she remained devoted to her husband, whose infidelity to her was a scandal to the kingdom.
http://www.lukedingman.com/imagesicon/elizabeth1.jpg
He, too, was the object of many of her peace endeavors. She long sought peace for him with God, and was finally rewarded when he gave up his life of sin. She repeatedly sought and effected peace between the king and their rebellious son, Alfonso, who thought that he was passed over to favor the king’s illegitimate children. She acted as peacemaker in the struggle between Ferdinand, king of Aragon, and his cousin James, who claimed the crown. And finally from Coimbra, where she had retired as a Franciscan tertiary to the monastery of the Poor Clares after the death of her husband, she set out and was able to bring about a lasting peace between her son Alfonso, now king of Portugal, and his son-in-law, the king of Castile.
Elizabeth was not well enough to undertake her final peacemaking journey, made all the more difficult by the oppressive heat of the season. She would not, however, permit herself to be dissuaded from it. She answered that there was no better way to give of her life and her health than by averting the miseries and destruction of war. By the time she had successfully brought about peace, she was so sick that death was imminent. After her death in 1336, her body was returned to the monastery at Coimbra for burial.
The work of promoting peace is anything but a calm and quiet endeavor. It takes a clear mind, a steady spirit and a brave soul to intervene between people whose emotions are so aroused that they are ready to destroy one another. This is all the more true of a woman in the early 14th century. But Elizabeth had a deep and sincere love and sympathy for humankind, almost a total lack of concern for herself and an abiding confidence in God. These were the tools of her success.
For daily readings, visit USCCB Website (http://usccb.org/calendar/index.cfm?showLit=1&action=month)
CHARITIES NEWSBYTES
Spring Storm Relief Fund
Catholic Charities of the Diocese of Youngstown, working in collaboration with Catholic Charities USA – the official domestic disaster agency of the US Catholic Bishops – is accepting donations to assist families and communities that have been impacted by the recent storms and tornadoes. Visit http://ccdoy.org/locations/accepts-donations/ for more information or on line donations.
PAPAL INTENTIONS:
Unemployed. That the unemployed may receive support and find the work they need to live in dignity.
Faith in Europe. That Europe may rediscover its Christian roots through the witness of believers.
Sports. That sports may always be occasions of human fraternity and growth.
Lay Missionaries. That the Holy Spirit may support the work of the laity who proclaim the Gospel in the poorest countries
Corporal Works of Mercy: The seven practices of charity toward our neighbor
Clothe the naked
Visit those in prison
VISION: Believing in the presence of God in our midst, we proclaim the sanctity of human life and the dignity of the person by sharing in the mission of Jesus given to the Church. To this end, Catholic Charities works with individuals, families, and communities to help them meet their needs, address their issues, eliminate oppression, and build a just and compassionate society.
MISSION: Rooted in the Mission of the Diocese of Youngstown "to minister to the people in the six counties of northeastern Ohio . . .(and) to the world community", we are called to provide service to people in need, to advocate for justice in social structures, and to call the entire Church and other people of good will to do the same.
GOALS: Catholic Charities is devoted to helping meet basic human needs, strengthening families, building communities and empowering low-income people. Working to reduce poverty in half by 2020.
KEY VALUE: Hospitality
WHAT WE DO: Organizing Love. "As a community, the Church must practise love. Love thus needs to be organized if it is to be an ordered service to the community" (Deus Caritas Est, par. 20)
Note: Please consider joining our
FACEBOOK GROUP https://www.facebook.com/pages/Catholic-Charities-Diocese-of-Youngstown/138817639487339
TWITTER account, CCDOY, http://twitter.com/CCDOY
for current updates and calls to action that we can all use.
See our website at http://www.ccdoy.org for links to the our ministries and services.
For more information on Catholic Social Doctrine and its connection to our ministries, visit my blog at: http://corbinchurchthinking.blogspot.com
Labels: Catholic Charities Diocese of Youngstown Mission Meditation
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Beethoven's "Fidelio"
https://www.arte.tv/en/videos/103924-000-A/beethoven-s-fidelio-at-the-opera-comique/
Conductor Raphaël Pichon and director Cyril Teste team up to bring Beethoven’s Fidelio to the stage of the Opéra Comique.
Fidelio is the only opera Ludwig van Beethoven ever composed. In this work – inspired by a comic opera (based on a true story) by Jean-Nicolas Bouilly and Pierre Gaveaux – the young Leonore disguises herself as a man in order to get a job as an assistant jailer. In the guise of “Fidelio”, she hopes to free her husband Florestan, who has been unjustly thrown into prison by the cruel Don Pizzaro.
Beethoven spent 10 years finetuning Fidelio. In this work so long in the making, the German composer tackles some of the themes that are so close to his heart: love, fidelity, justice and freedom. The result is an intensely lyrical drama that is both timeless and universal in scope.
For this Parisian production, Raphaël Pichon once again finds his faithful Pygmalion choir and orchestra in the pit of the Opéra Comique. The music of the ensemble is complemented to perfection by the voices of Siobhan Stagg (Leonore), Michael Spyres (Florestan), Mari Eriksmoen (Marzelline), Albert Dohmen (Rocco), Gabor Bretz (Don Pizarro), Christian Immler (Don Fernando) and Linard Vrielink (Jaquino).
Subject: The Eschatology of Capitalism and the "dead facts" of history.
Grenoble, December 25, 2021
After several days of struggle, we have been allowed to return to our platform at GoDaddy - a victory for our time-consuming micro negotiations for almost a week, with half a dozen people in almost as many countries.
And now, once again, we turn to Barrington Moore, Jr's classic study where he concludes Part One of his book on the social origins of democracy and dictatorship with a chapter on the history of representative democracy in capitalist America. The United States, he notes, is commonly acknowledged to have experienced two “Revolutions”: The War of Independence (1775-1783) and The Civil War (1861-1865). In this third discussion of “Revolutionary Origins of Capitalist Democracy,” Moore once again offers a radical critique of this received idea. He introduces this discussion with the problematic:
Plantation and Factory; An Inevitable Conflict?
The main differences between the American route to modern capitalist democracy and those followed by England and France stem from America’s later start. The United States did not face the problem of dismounting a complex and well-established agrarian society of either the feudal or the bureaucratic forms. From the very beginning commercial agriculture was important, as in the Virginian tobacco plantations, and rapidly became dominant as the country was settled. The political struggles between a precommercial landed aristocracy and a monarch were not part of American history. Nor has American society ever had a massive class of peasants comparable to those in Europe and Asia. For these reasons one may argue that American history contains no revolution comparable to the Puritan and French Revolutions, nor, of course, the Russian and Chinese Twentieth-century revolutions. Still there have been two great upheavals in our history, The American Revolution and the Civil War, the latter one of the bloodiest conflicts in modern history up to that time. Quite obviously, both have been significant elements in the way the United States became the world’s leading industrial capitalist democracy by the middle of the twentieth century. The Civil War is commonly taken to mark a violent dividing point between the agrarian and industrial epochs in American history. Hence in this chapter I shall discuss its causes and consequences from the standpoint of whether or not it was a violent breakthrough against an older social structure, leading to the establishment of political democracy, and on this score comparable to the Puritan and French Revolutions. More generally I hope to show where it belongs in the genetic sequence of major historical upheavals that we can begin arbitrarily with the sixteenth-century peasant wars in Germany, that continues through the Puritan , French, and Russian Revolutions, to culminate in the Chinese Revolution and the struggles of our own time.
The conclusion, reached after much uncertainty, amounts to the statement that the American Civil War was the last revolutionary offensive on the part of what one may legitimately call urban or bourgeois capitalist democracy. Plantation slavery in the South, it is well to add right away, was not an economic fetter upon industrial capitalism. If anything, the reverse may have been true, it helped to promote American industrial growth in the early stages. But slavery was an obstacle to a political and social democracy. There are ambiguities in this interpretation. Those that stem from the character of the evidence are best discussed as the analysis proceeds. Others lie deeper and, as I shall try to show at the end of the chapter, would not disappear no matter what evidence came to light.
Aside from questions of space and time at the reader’s disposal as well as the author’s, there are objective reasons for passing over the American Revolution with but a few brief comments. Since it did not result in any fundamental changes in the structure of society, there are grounds for asking whether it deserves to be called a revolution at all. At bottom it was a fight between commercial interests in England and America, though certainly more elevated issues played a part as well. The claim that America has had an anticolonial revolution may be good propaganda, but it is bad history and bad sociology. The distinguishing characteristic of twentieth-century anticolonial revolutions is the effort to establish a new form of society with substantial socialist elements. Throwing off the foreign yoke is a means to achieve this end. What radical currents there were in the American Revolution were for the most part unable to break through to the surface. Its main effect was to promote unification of the colonies into a single political unit and the separation of this unit from England.(pp.111-113)
Turning to examine the revolutionary content of the Civil War, he presents his problematic, that while “slave societies do not have the same political forms as those based on free labor . . . is that any reason why they have to fight?”
On might start with a general notion to the effect that there is an inherent conflict between slavery and the capitalist system of formally free wage labor. Though this turns out to be a crucial part of the story, it will not do as general proposition from which the Civil War can be derived as an instance. As will appear shortly, cotton produced by slave labor played a decisive role in the growth not only of American capitalism but of English capitalism too. Capitalists had no objection to obtaining goods produced by slavery as long as a profit could be made by working them up and reselling them. From a strictly economic standpoint, wage labor and plantation slavery contained as much a potential for trading and complementary political relationships as for conflict. We can answer our question with a provisional negative: there are is no abstract general reason why the North and South had to fight. Special historical circumstances, in other words, had to be present in order to prevent agreement between an agrarian society based on unfree labor and a rising industrial capitalism.
For clues to what these circumstances might have been, it is helpful to glance at a case where there was an agreement between these two types of subsocieties within a larger political unit. If we know what makes an agreement possible, we also know something about circumstances that might make it impossible. Once again the German record is helpful and suggestive. Nineteenth-century German history demonstrates quite clearly that advanced industry can get along very well with a form of agriculture that has a highly repressive system of labor. To be sure, the German Junker was not quite a slave owner. And Germany was not the United States. But where precisely did the decisive differences lie? The Junkers managed to draw the independent peasants under their wing and to form an alliance with sections of big industry that were happy to receive their assistance in order to keep the industrial workers in their place with a combination of repression and paternalism. The consequence in the long run was fatal to democracy in Germany.
German experience suggests that, if the conflict between North and South had been compromised, the compromise would have been at the expense of subsequent democratic development in the United States. . . . It also tells us where we might look with profit? Why did Northern capitalists have no need of Southern ‘Junkers’ in order to establish and strengthen industrial capitalism in the United States? Were political and economic links missing in the United States that existed in Germany? Were there other and different groups in American society, such as independent farmers, in the place of peasants? Where and how were the main groups aligned in the American situation?(pp.114-115)
Three Forms of American Capitalist Growth.
By 1860 the United States had developed three quite different forms of society in different pqrts of the country: the cotton-growing South; the West, a land of free farmers, and the rapidly industrializing Northeast.
The lines of cleavage and cooperation had by no means always run in these directions. To be sure, from the days of Hamilton and Jefferson there had been a tug-of-war between agrarians and urban commercial and financial interests. The expansion of the country westward made it seem for a moment, under President Jackson in the 1830s, that the principles of agrarian democracy , practice an absolute minimum of central authority and an tendency to favor debtors over creditors, had won a permanent victory over those of Alexander Hamilton. Even in Jackson’s own time, however, agrarian democracy had severe difficulties. Two closely related developments were to destroy it: the further growth of industrial capitalism in the Northeast and the establishment of an export market for Sothern cotton.
Though the importance of cotton for the South is familiar, its significance for capitalist development as a whole is less well known. Between 1815 and 1860 the cotton trade exercised a decisive influence upon the rate of growth in the American economy. Up until about 1830 it was the most important cause of the growth of manufacturing in this country. While the domestic aspect remained significant, cotton exports became an outstanding feature at about this time. By 1849, sixty-four percent of the cotton crop went abroad, mainly to England. From 1840 to the time of the Civil War, Great Britain drew from the Southern states four-fifths of all her cotton imports. Hence it is clear that the plantation operated by slavery was no anachronistic excrescence on industrial capitalism. It was an integral part of this system and one of its prime motors in the world at large.
In Southern society, the plantation and slave owners were a very small minority. By 1850 there may have been less than 350,000 slave owners in a total white population of about six million in the slaveholding areas. With their families, the slaveholders numbered perhaps a quarter of the white population at the most. Even within this group, only a small minority owned most of the slaves: a computation for 1860 asserts that only seven percent of the whites owned nearly three-quarters of the black slaves. The best land tended to gravitate into their hands as well as the substance of political control.
This plantation-owning élite shaded off gradually into farmers who worked the land with a few slaves, through large numbers of small property owners without slaves, on down to the poor whites of the back country, whose agriculture was confined to a little lackadaisical digging in forlorn cornpatches. The poor whites were outside of the market economy; many of the smaller farmers were no more than on its periphery. The more well-to-do farmers aspired to owning a few more Negros and becoming plantation owners on a larger scale. The influence of this middling group may have declined after the Jacksonian era, though there is a whole school of Southern historians that tries to romanticize the yeomen and ‘plain folk’ of the old South as the basis of a democratic social order. That, I believe to be utter rubbish. In all ages and countries;, reactionaries, liberals and radicals have painted their own portraits of small rural folk to suit their own theories. The element of important truth behind this particular notion is that the smaller farmers in the South by and large accepted the political leadership of the big planters. Writers tinged with Marxism claim that this unity within the white caste ran counter to the real economic interests of the smaller farmers and came about only because fear of the Negro solidified the whites. This is possible but dubious. Small property owners in many situations follow the lead of big ones when there is no obvious alternative and when there is some chance of becoming a big property holder.
Since plantation slavery was the dominant fact of Southern life, it becomes necessary to examine the workings of the system to discover if it generated serious frictions with the North. One consideration we can dispose of rapidly. Slavery was almost certainly not on the point of dying out for internal reasons. The thesis is scarcely tenable that the war was ‘unnecessary’ in the sense that its results would have come about sooner or later anyway by peaceful means and that therefore there was no real conflict. If slavery were to disappear from American society, armed force would be necessary to make it disappear.(pp.115-118)
The South had a capitalist civilization, . . . but hardly a bourgeois one. Certainly it was not based on town life. And instead of challenging the notion of status based on birth, as did the European bourgeoisie when they challenged the right of aristocracies to rule, Southern planters took over the defense of hereditary privilege. Here was a real difference and a real issue.
The notion that all men were created equal contradicted the facts of daily experience for most Southerners, facts that they had themselves created for good and sufficient reasons. Under the pressure of Northern criticism and in the face of worldwide trends away from slavery, Southerners generated a whole series of doctrinal defenses for the system. Bourgeois conceptions of freedom, those of the American and the French Revolutions, became dangerously subversive doctrines to the South, because they struck at the key nerve of the Southern system, property in slaves.(pp.121-122)
It is impossible to speak of purely economic factors as the main causes behind the war, just as it is impossible to speak of the war as mainly a consequence of moral differences over slavery. The moral issues arose from economic differences. Slavery was the moral issue that aroused much of the passion on both sides. Without the direct conflict of ideals over slavery, the events leading up to the war and the war itself are totally incomprehensible. At the same time, it is as plain as the light of the sun that economic factors created a slave economy in the !south just as economic factors created different social structures with contrasting ideals in other parts of the country.
To argue thus is not to hold that the mere fact of difference somehow inevitably caused the war. A great many people in the South and the North either did not care about slavery or acted as if they did not care. Nevins goes so far as to assert that the election of 1859 showed that at least three-quarters of the nation still opposed radical proslavery and antislavery ideas at what was almost the last moment. Even if his estimate exaggerates the strength of neutral sentiment, one of the most sobering and thought-provoking aspects of the Civil War is the failure of this mass of indifferent opinion to prevent it. It s also this substantial body of opinion that has led intelligent historians such as Beard to doubt the importance of slavery as an issue. That I hold to be an error, and a very serious one. Nevertheless the failure and collapse of moderation constitute a key part of the story, one on which those with Southern sympathies have shed valuable light. For a situation to arise in which war was likely to occur, changes had to take place in other parts of the country besides the South.(pp.123-124)
What Northern capitalism needed from any government was the protection and legitimation of private property. It took some very special circumstances, however, to make the owners of Southern plantations and slaves appear as a threat to this institution. What Northern capitalists also wanted was a moderate amount of government assistance in the process of accumulating capital and operating a market economy: more specifically, some tariff protection, aid in setting up a transportation network (not all of which need be strictly ethical – though many of the big railway scandals came later), sound money, and a central banking system. Above all, the ablest Northern leaders wanted to be able to do business without bothering about state and regional frontiers. They were proud of being citizens of a large country, as of course others were too, and in the final crisis of secession reacted against the prospect of a balkanized America.(pp.125-126)
Southern hostility to the West gave the north an opportunity for alliance with the farmer but one that Northerners were slow to grasp. The coalition did not become a political force until very late in the day, in the Republican platform of 1860 that helped to carry Lincoln to the White House, even though a majority of the country’s voters opposed him. The rapprochement appears to have been the work of politicians and journalists rather than businessmen. The proposal to open up Western lands for the smaller settlers provided a way that a party attached to the interests of those with property and education could use to attract a mass following, especially among urban workers.
The essence of the bargain was simple and direct: business was to support the farmers’ demand for land, popular also in industrial working-class circles, in return for support for a higher tariff. ‘Vote yourself a farm – vote yourself a tariff’ became Republican rallying cries in 1860. In this fashion there came to be constituted a ‘marriage of iron and rye’ – to glance once more at the German combination of industry and Junkers – but with Western family farmers, not landed aristocrats, and hence with diametrically opposite political consequences. On into the Civil War itself, there were objections to the wedding and calls for a divorce. In 1861 C.J. Vallandigham, an advocate of the small farmers, could still argue that ‘the planting South was a natural ally of the Democracy of the North and especially the of the West,’ because the people of the South were an agricultural people.
But these were voices from the past. What made the realignment possible, in addition to the changes in the character of Western society, were the specific circumstances of industrial growth in the Northeast. The existence of free land gave a unique twist to the relations between capitalists and workmen in the beginning stages of American capitalism, stages which in Europe were marked by the growth of violent radical movements. Here energies that in Europe would have gone into building trade unions and framing revolutionary programs went into schemes providing a free farm for every workman whether he wanted it or not. Such proposals sounded subversive to some contemporaries. The actual effect of the Westward trek, nevertheless, was to strengthen the forces of early competitive and individualist capitalism be spreading the interest in property.(pp.130-131)
Toward an Explanation of the Causes of the War.
The alignment of the main social groupings in American society in 1860 goes a long way toward explaining the character of the war, or the issues that could and could not come to the surface – more bluntly what the war could be about. It tells us what was likely if there was to be a fight; by itself the alignment does not account very well for why there actually was a fight. Now that some of the relevant facts are before us it is possible to discuss with greater profit the question of whether or not there was an inherent mortal conflict between North and South.
Let us take up the economic requirements of the two systems one by one in order of 1) capital requirements, 2) requirements for labor, and 3) those connected with marketing the final product.(p.132)
[T]he strictly economic issues were very probably negotiable. Why, then, did the war happen? What was it about? The apparent inadequacy of a strictly economic explanation –I shall argue in a moment that the fundamental causes were still economic ones – has let historians to search for others. Three main answers are distinguishable in the literature. One is that the Civil War was fundamentally a moral conflict over slavery. Since large and influential sections of the public in both the North and the South refused to take a radical position either for or against slavery, this explanation runs into difficulties, in effect the ones that [Charles] Beard and others tried to circumvent in their search for economic causes. The second answer tries to get around both sets of difficulties by the proposition that all the issues were really negotiable and that the blunderings of politicians brought on a war that the mass of the population in the North and in the South did not want. The third answer amounts to an attempt to push this line of thought somewhat further by analyzing how the political machinery for achieving consensus in American society broke down and allowed the war to erupt. In this effort, however, historians tend to be driven back toward an explanation in terms of moral causes.
Each of the explanations, including that stressing economic factors, can marshal a substantial body of facts in its support. Each has hit at a portion of the truth. To stop at this observation is to be satisfied with intellectual chaos. The task is to relate these portions of the truth to each other, to perceive the whole in order to understand the relationship and significance of partial truths. That such a search is endless, that the discovered relations are themselves only partial truths, does not mean that the search ought to be abandoned.(pp.134-135)
In a complex society with an advanced division of labor, and especially in a parliamentary democracy, it is the special and necessary task of politicians, journalists, and only to a somewhat lesser extent clergymen to be alive and sensitive to events that influence the distribution of power in society. They are also the ones who provide the arguments, good and bad alike, both for changing the structure of society and for maintaining things as they are. Since it is their job to be alert to potential changes, while others keep on with the all-absorbing task of making a living, it is characteristic of a democratic system that politicians should often be clamorous and intensify division. The modern democratic politician’s role is an especially paradoxical one, at least superficially. He does what he does so that most people do not have to worry about politics. For that same reason he often feels it necessary to arouse public opinion to dangers real and unreal.
From this standpoint too, the failure of modern opinion to halt the drift to war becomes comprehensible. Men of substance in both North and South furnished the core of moderate opinion. They were the ones who in ordinary times are leaders in their own community – ‘opinion makers,’ a modern student of public opinion would be likely to call them. As beneficiaries of the prevailing order, and mainly interested in making money, they wanted to suppress the issue of slavery rather than seek structural reforms, a very difficult task in any case. The Clay-Webster Compromise of 1850 was a victory for this group. It provided for stricter laws in the North about the return of fugitive slaves and for the admission of several new states to the union: California as a free state, New Mexico and Utah at some future date with or without slavery as their constitutions might provide at the time of admissions. Any attempt to drag the slavery issue out into the open and seek a new solution made large numbers of these groups cease being moderates. That is what happened when Senator Stephen A. Douglas put an end to the Compromise of 1850 only four years later by reopening the question of slavery in the territories. Through proposing in the Kansas-Nebraska Act that the settlers decide the issue for themselves one way or the other, he converted, at least for the time being, wide sections of Northern opinion from moderation to views close to abolitionism. In the South, his support was not much more than lukewarm.
By and large the moderates had the usual virtues that many people hold are necessary to make democracy work: willingness to compromise and see the opponent’s viewpoint, a pragmatic outlook. They were the opposite of doctrinaires. What all this really amounted to was a refusal to look facts in the face.(pp.137-138)
Though the fact that cotton still linked the South with England more than with the North was significant, two other aspects of the situation may have been more important. One has already been mentioned: the absence of any strong radical working-class threat to industrial capitalist property in the North. Secondly, the United States had no powerful foreign enemies. In this respect, the situation was entirely different from that facing Germany and Japan, who both experienced their own versions of political modernization crises somewhat later, 1871 in Germany, 1868 in Japan. For this combination of reasons, there was not much force behind the characteristic conservative compromise of agrarian and industrial élites. There was little to make the owners of Northern mills and Southern slaves rally under the banner of the sacredness of property.
To sum up with desperate brevity, the ultimate causes of the war are to be found in the growth of different economic systems leading to different (but still capitalist) civilizations with incompatible stands on slavery. The connection between Northern capitalism and Western farming helped to make unnecessary for a time the characteristic reactionary coalition between urban and landed élites and hence the one compromise that could have avoided the war. (It was also the compromise that eventually liquidated the war.) Two further factors made compromise extremely difficult. The future of the West appeared uncertain in such a way as to make the distribution of power at the center uncertain, thus intensifying and magnifying all causes of distrust and contention. Secondly, as just noted, the main forces of cohesion in American society, though growing stronger, were still very weak.(pp.140-141)
The Revolutionary Impulse and its Failure.
About the Civil War itself, it is unnecessary to say more than a few words, especially since the most important event, the Emancipation Proclamation, has already been mentioned. The war reflected the fact that the dominant classes in American society had split cleanly in two, much more cleanly than the ruling strata in England at the time of the Puritan Revolution or those in France at the time of the French Revolution. In those two great convulsions, divisions within the dominant classes enabled radical tendencies to boil up from the lower strata, much more so in the case of the French Revolution than in England. In the American Civil War there was no really comparable radical upsurge.
At least in major outline the reasons are easy to see; American cities were not teeming with depressed artisans and potential sanculottes. Even if only indirectly, the existence of Western land reduced the explosive potential. In the second place, the materials for a peasant conflagration were lacking. Instead of peasants at the bottom of the heap, the South had mainly black slaves. Either they could not or they would not revolt. For our purpose it does not matter which. Though there were sporadic slave outbreaks, they had no political consequences. No revolutionary impulses came from that quarter.
Leading members of this group perceived the war as a revolutionary struggle between a progressive capitalism and a reactionary agrarian society based on slavery. To the extent that the conflict between the North and the South really had such a character, a conflict some of whose most important struggles came after the actual fighting stopped, this was due to the Radical Republicans .From the perspective of a hundred years later, they appear as the last revolutionary flicker that is strictly bourgeois and strictly capitalist, the last successors to medieval townsmen beginning the revolt against the feudal overlords. Revolutionary movements since the Civil War have been either anticapitalist, or fascist and counterrevolutionary if in support of capitalism.(p.141)
Meanwhile industrialists and railroad men were becoming increasingly influential in Southern affairs. In a word, moderate men of substance were returning to power, authority, and influence in the South, as they were in the North as well. The stage was being set for an alliance of these across the former battle lines. It was consummated formally in 1876 when the disputed Hayes-Tilden election was settled by allowing the Republican Hayes to take office in return for removing the remnants of the Northern occupational regime. Under attack from radical agrarians in the West the radical labor in the
East, the party of wealth, property, and privilege in the North was ready to abandon the last pretense of upholding the rights of the propertyless and oppressed Negro laboring class. When Southern ‘Junkers’ were no longer slaveholders and had acquired a larger tincture of urban business and when Northern capitalists faced radical rumblings, the classic conservative coalition was possible. So came Thermidor to liquidate the ‘Second American Revolution.’(pp.148-149)
The Meaning of the War.
Certain very important political changes did accompany and follow the Northern victory. They may be summed up in the remark that the federal government became a series of ramparts around property, mainly big property, and an agency to execute the biblical pronouncement, ‘To him that hath shall be given.’ First among the ramparts was the preservation of the Union itself, which meant, as the West filled up after the war, one of the largest domestic markets of the world. It was also a market protected by the highest tariff to date in the nation’s history. Property received protection from state governments with unsound inclinations through the Fourteenth Amendment. Likewise the currency was put on a sound footing through the national banking system and the resumption of specie payments. Whether such measures hurt the Western farmer as much as once supposed is dubious, there are indications that they were doing quite well during the war and for some time afterward. At any rate they received some compensation through the opening of the public domain in the West (Homestead Act of 1862), though it is on this score that the federal government became an agency of the biblical statement just quoted. Railroads received huge grants, and disposal of public domains also formed the basis of great fortunes in timber and mining. Finally, as a compensation to industry that might lose laborers in this fashion the federal government continued to hold open the doors to immigration (Immigration Acts of 1864). . . . If one looks back and compares what happened with the planter program of 1860: federal enforcement of slavery, no high protective tariffs, no subsidies nor expensive tax-creating internal improvements, no national banking and currency system, the case for a victory of industrial capitalism over the fetters of the plantation economy, a victory that required blood and iron to occur at all, becomes very persuasive indeed.
Reflection may make much of this conviction evaporate. It is worth noticing that Beard’s own position is quite ambiguous. After recounting the victories of Northern capitalism just summarized above he remarks, ‘The main economic results of the Second American Revolution thus far noted would have been attained had there been no armed conflict. . . . ‘ But Beard’s views are not in question except insofar as the provocative writings of a first-rate historian shed light on the issues. Three related arguments may be brought to bear against the thesis that the Civil War was a revolutionary victory for industrial capitalist democracy and necessary to this victory. First, one might hold that there is no real connection between the Civil War and (the subsequent victory of industrial capitalism; to argue in favor of this connection is to fall victim to the fallacy of post hoc, ergo propter hoc. Second, one might hold that these changes were coming about of their own accord through the ordinary processes of economic growth and needed no Civil War to bring them about. Finally, one could argue on the basis of evidence discussed at some length earlier in this chapter that the economies of North and South were not really in serious competition with one another: at best they were complementary; at worst, they failed to link up with each other due to fortuitous circumstances, such as the fact that the South sold much of its cotton to England.
All such arguments would receive an effective answer only if it were possible to demonstrate that Southern society, dominated by plantation, constituted a formidable obstacle to the establishment of industrial capitalist democracy. The evidence indicated very clearly that plantation slavery was an obstacle to democracy, at least any conception of democracy that includes the goals of human equality, even the limited form of equality of opportunity, and human freedom. It does not establish at all clearly that plantation slavery was a obstacle to industrial capitalism as such. And comparative perspective show clearly that industrial capitalism can establish itself in societies that do not profess these democratic goals or, to be a little more cautious, where these goals are no more than a secondary current. Germany and Japan prior to 1945 are the main illustrations for this thesis.
Once again the inquiry leads back toward political questions and incompatibilities between two different kinds of civilizations in the South and in the North and West. Labor-repressive agricultural systems and plantation slavery in particular, are political obstacles to a particular kind of capitalism, at a specific historical stage: competitive democratic capitalism we must call it for lack of a more precise term. Slavery was a threat and an obstacle to a society that was indeed the heir of the Puritan, American, and French Revolutions. Southern society was based firmly on hereditary status as the basis of human worth. With the West, the North, though in the process of change, was still committed to notions of equal opportunity. In both, the ideals were reflections of economic arrangements that gave them much of their appeal and force. Within the same political unit it was, I think, inherently impossible to establish political and social institutions that would satisfy both. If the geographical separation had been much greater, if the South had been a colony for example, the problem would in all probability have been relatively simple to solve at the time – at the expense of the Negro.
That the Northern victory, even with all its ambiguous consequences, was a political victory for freedom compared with what a Southern victory would have been seems obvious enough to require no extended discussion. One need only consider what would have happened had the Southern plantation system been able to establish itself in the West by the middle of the nineteenth century and surrounded the Northeast. Then the United States would have been in the position of some modernizing countries today a latifundia economy, a dominant antidemocratic aristocracy, and a weak and dependent commercial and industrial class, unable and unwilling to push forward toward political democracy. In rough outline, such was the Russian situation, though with less of a commercial emphasis in its agriculture in the second half of the nineteenth century. A radical explosion of some kind or a prolonged period of semireactionary dictatorship would have been far more probable than a firmly rooted political democracy with all its shortcomings and deficiencies.
Striking down slavery was a decisive step, an act at least as important as the striking down of absolute monarchy in the English Civil War and the French Revolution, an essential preliminary for further advances. Like these violent upheavals, the main achievements in our Civil War were political in the broad sense of the term. Later generations in America were to attempt to put economic content into the political framework, to raise the level of the people toward some conception of human dignity by putting in their hands the material means to determine their own fate. Subsequent revolutions in Russia and China have had the same purpose even if the means have in large measure so far swallowed up and distorted the ends. It is in this context, I believe, that the American Civil War has to be placed for its proper assessment.
That the federal government was out of the business of enforcing slavery was no small matter. It is easy to imagine the difficulties that organized labor would have faced, for example, in its effort to achieve legal and political acceptance in later years, had not this barrier been swept away.(pp.149-153)
At bottom, the struggle of the Negroes and their white allies concern contemporary capitalist democracy’s capacity to live up to its noble profession, something no society has ever done. Here we approach the ultimate ambiguity in the assessment and interpretation of the Civil War. It recurs throughout history. There is more than coincidence that two famous political leaders of free societies chose to express their ideals in speeches for their fallen dead given more than two thousand years apart. To the critical historian both Pericles and Lincoln become ambiguous figures as he sets what they did and what happened alongside what they said and in all likelihood hoped for. The fight for what they expressed is not over and may not end until mankind ceases to inhabit the earth. As one peers ever deeper to resolve the ambiguities of history, the seeker eventually finds them in himself and his fellow men as well as in the supposedly dead facts of history. We are inevitably in the midst of the ebb and flow of these events and play a part, no matter how small and insignificant as individuals, in what the past will come to mean for the future.(pp.154-155)
The 19 + items below are offered to CEIMSA readers as points of departure for critical discussions about our collective future and about the role that social class interests play in determining the political/economic structures and the mores with which we live.
False Flags: The Secret History of Al Qaeda — Part 2: 9/11
https://www.corbettreport.com/episode-409-false-flags-the-secret-history-of-al-qaeda-part-2-9-11/
with James Corbett
The Belly of ‘The Daily Beast’ and Its Perceptible Ties to the CIA
https://archives.simplelists.com/nfu/msg/18541806/
by Dick Russell
Sent: Tuesday, December 21, 2021 1:51 AM
1. OSHA bends over for Big Pharma, says employers need NOT report "vaccine" injuries after all - Mark Crispin Miller (19 Dec 2021 19:50 EST)
2. "Fully vaccinated" and boosted, Liz Warren catches "breakthrough" COVID, insists that EVERYBODY else get "vaxxed" and boosted, too - Mark Crispin Miller (19 Dec 2021 19:57 EST)
3. So they can read you loud and clear (and tell you what to think and do): "Vaccination" may replace your natural neuronal network with an artificial one, hooked up to COVID Central - Mark Crispin Miller (19 Dec 2021 20:13 EST)
4. "Death by Alphabet: Moderna batch codes and associated deaths" - Mark Crispin Miller (19 Dec 2021 23:52 EST)
5. UN taking down websites - Mark Crispin Miller (20 Dec 2021 11:09 EST)
6. More on the concentration camps impending in New York - Mark Crispin Miller (20 Dec 2021 11:15 EST)
7. Chile already using the "vaccines" to "insert thoughts and feelings" into the injected - Mark Crispin Miller (20 Dec 2021 11:19 EST)
8. Wise words from another undergrounder - Mark Crispin Miller (20 Dec 2021 14:35 EST)
9. If you want to get my Substack pieces.... - Mark Crispin Miller (20 Dec 2021 15:52 EST)
10. US pilot deaths spike 1,750% since "vaccine" rollout - Mark Crispin Miller (20 Dec 2021 17:18 EST)
1. OSHA bends over for Big Pharma, says employers need NOT report "vaccine" injuries after all by Mark Crispin Miller (19 Dec 2021 19:50 EST)
https://clearnewswire.com/523727.html
OSHA caves to Big Pharma, says employers don't need to report covid vaccine injuries after all
2. "Fully vaccinated" and boosted, Liz Warren catches "breakthrough" COVID, insists that EVERYBODY else get "vaxxed" and boosted, too by Mark Crispin Miller (19 Dec 2021 19:57 EST)
Fully Vaccinated And Boosted Elizabeth Warren Contracts Breakthrough COVID Case, Uses Diagnosis To Push More Boosters
https://nationalfile.com/fully-vaccinated-boosted-elizabeth-warren-contracts-breakthrough-covid-case-uses-diagnosis-push-boosters/
Sen. Elizabeth Warren announced on Twitter this week that she has tested positive for a breakthrough case of COVID-19 despite being fully vaccinated and boosted. Warren then demanded that other people take the measures she did that did not prevent her from contracting the virus.
“I regularly test for COVID & while I tested negative earlier this week, today I tested positive with a breakthrough case,” Warren wrote. “Thankfully, I am only experiencing mild symptoms & am grateful for the protection provided against serious illness that comes from being vaccinated & boosted.”
Warren added, “As cases increase across the country, I urge everyone who has not already done so to get the vaccine and the booster as soon as possible – together, we can save lives.”
3. So they can read you loud and clear (and tell you what to think and do): "Vaccination" may replace your natural neuronal network with an artificial one, hooked up to COVID Central by Mark Crispin Miller (19 Dec 2021 20:13 EST)
From Susan in the UK:
Let me cut to the chase, the most shocking takeaway in less than 30 seconds is this (which is copied and pasted from orwell.city blogpost listed below):
We're talking about nanotechnology that recreates the communication technology we already know. But in this case, inside the body.
We're talking about nano-communications.
And this is the vaccine, ladies and gentlemen.
The Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Moderna, and Janssen vaccines. All of them are nano-technology for nano-communications. So you emit, the vaccinated ones, a MAC address in Bluetooth wireless technology. But you also receive signals as if you were a router.
So if you're reading this for the first time, that the substance in the c-vaxx injections install nano-technology in the human body for nano-communication, this is going to sound like What the Heck, or WTF? C-vaxxines are resulting in the human body developing its own MAC address? what planet are you on? but hold on, this is not quite as far fetched as it may sound.
please invest 1 to 2 minutes to read the following, if you don't have time to open up the webpages cited or look at the attached 24 page slide pdf.
Recently, a scientist anonymously named MIK Anderson has come forward to share the attached 24 page slide presentation titled 'Intra-body nano-network' and was posted on 12th December 2021 www.orwell.city website.
His slide presentation explains most of the strange shapes of weird particles found by several different teams of researchers, Spain and Brazil and South Africa, as documented on daily blog posts on the orwell.city website going back to June, and also as featured in Stew Peters TV interviews with Dr. Jane Ruby and others.
Separately, a research paper entitled:
CORONA: A Coordinate and Routing system for Nanonetworks
published in 2015 was found to have even given the name CORONA to this bizarre lexicon of nano biochips that are designed to work within the human body (and brain):
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/CORONA%3A-A-Coordinate-and-Routing-system-for-Tsioliaridou-Liaskos/1c6936f4a32d53d76eb3689c5754742f8df26a52
· DOI:10.1145/2800795.2800809
· Corpus ID: 7372635
· A. Tsioliaridou, C. Liaskos, +1 author A. Pitsillides
· Published 21 September 2015
· Computer Science, Engineering
· Proceedings of the Second Annual International Conference on Nanoscale Computing and Communication
The present paper introduces a joint coordinate and routing system (CORONA) which can be deployed dynamically on a 2D ad-hoc nanonetwork. User-selected nodes are used as anchor-points at the setup phase. All nodes then measure their distances, in number of hops, from these anchors, obtaining a sense of geolocation. At operation phase, the routing employs the appropriate subset of anchors, selected by the sender of a packet. CORONA requires minimal setup overhead and simple integer-based calculations only, imposing limited requirements for trustworthy operation. Once deployed, it operates efficiently, yielding a very low packet retransmission and packet loss rate, promoting energy-efficiency and medium multiplexity.
Now there is even more info about how all these graphene oxide (Quantum Dots) nano-particles are building and replacing our own existing biological neural network.
Please take a look as this is really important new information. I've summarized first part of this human nano-network as it relates to the brain setup:
What is the nano-network? It is a set of objects and elements with the ability to interact with each other through signals in the form of pulses, electromagnetic waves and electric fields.
There are two types of nano-network:
One that is fixed in the brain and a second that is fixed in the rest of the body.
Brain nano-network: form a neuronal interface to interact with cognitive, physical and electrical processes of the brain activity for
1) neuromodulation, 2) neurostimulation, and 3) neurocontrol.
The brain nano-network interface requires the introduction of carbon nanotubes to link neurons using 'graphene quantum dots' and graphene nanosheets.
Carbon nanotubes are coated in hydrogel (which is made up of graphene oxide) act as electrodes, picking up changes in the electrical activity of the brain neurons.
See the attached pdf 24 slide presentation from anonymous scientist regarding 'Intra-body nano-network' has been posted on orwell.city website on 12th December. Or go to:
https://www.docdroid.net/tvx0R9b/intra-body-nano-network-brief-summary-by-mik-andersen-pdf
https://www.orwell.city/2021/12/nano-network.html
Excerpt from orwell.city dec 12 2021 post:
Well, the scientist's pseudonym is Mik Andersen. We're going to see a brief overview of what intra-body networks are. Now we're going to talk about nanotechnology. Specifically, about what the elite is trying to do. It's the future or the purpose of this operation, where Elon Musk is an important piece. Has anyone ever wondered who has given Elon Musk permission so that he could launch thousands of satellites into space? He has a free hand. That's part of the objective. And also, part of the elite's plan. Let's get started.
artificial neuronal network that will replace the natural one.
Be sure to read the followup orwell.city blog post
https://www.orwell.city/2021/12/technological-parasitism.html?m=1
that explains the replacement bio neuro-network that is being self-assembled after the various c-vaxx injections.
From this post (from technological parasitism),
In the most recent program, the biostatistician Ricardo Delgado has commented on a paper that has a direct relation with the construction of the nano-network that makes the inoculates generate MAC addresses.
Ricardo Delgado: "Electromagnetic-based wireless nano-sensor network: architecture and applications."
Here we're getting very close to everything described by Mik Andersen —which is the pseudonym of a great scientist— on the Corona2Inspect blog when he identified all the patterns in the scientific literature with the patterns found in the Pfizer vaccine —which Dr. Campra already analyzed—, based on the images. (See yesterday's blog post for mik Anderson 24 page pdf presentation: https://www.orwell.city/2021/12/nano-network.html )
If you don't know and if you have been vaccinated, you should know that you have, inside your body, the artillery of nano-sensors, nano-technological nano-routers that, on the one hand, are going to collect all the biomedical electrophysiological markers of the person and, on the other hand, are provoking an artificial neuronal network that will replace the natural one. Hence, strange behaviors occur or, if you're vaccinated, you might feel particularly strange. We're talking, if you like, about technological parasitism. Of course, carried out with graphene oxide.
I'm going to zoom in on it. Let's look at this paper. This article says, "Recent advances in nano-materials and nano-technology have paved the way for building nanometer-sized integrated devices."
This is where I tell you that nanotechnology has come a considerably long way, behind the backs of civil society to get to do this to it
"Referred to as nano-nodes."
Unfortunately, our doctors have absolutely no knowledge of this. And yet, they have been set up as the biggest spokesmen in the vaccinology world.
"These nano-nodes are composed of nano-processor, nano-memory, nano-batteries, nano-transceiver, nano-antennas, and nano-sensors that operate at the nano-scale level. They can perform simple tasks such as sensing, computation, and actuation. The interconnection between microdevices and nano-nodes / nano-sensors has enabled the development of a new network standard called Wireless Nano-Sensor Network (WNSN). This paper provides an in-depth review of the Wireless Nano-Sensor Network (WNSN), its architectures, application areas and challenges, which need to be addressed while identifying opportunities for its implementation in various application domains."
Corona2Inspect blog when he identified all the patterns in the scientific literature with the patterns found in the Pfizer vaccine —which Dr. Campra already analyzed—, based on the images.
This is where I tell you that nanotechnology has come a considerably long way, behind the backs of civil society to get to do this to it.
In other words, we're talking about nanotechnology that recreates the communication technology we already know. But in this case, inside the body. We're talking about nano-communications. And this is the vaccine, ladies and gentlemen. The Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Moderna, and Janssen vaccines. All of them are nano-technology for nano-communications. So you emit, the vaccinated ones, a MAC address in Bluetooth wireless technology. But you also receive signals as if you were a router.
You can check it out at any time. Well, here's the PDF, and you can download it. Of course, the material that shows up here... It's got to show up somewhere. It's the same old material. Here it is.
"Antennas, particularly graphene-based." Can you read it? Here I'm going to highlight it. Let's see if it'll let me to. "Graphene." Here it is. See? It couldn't be any other way.
Do you understand why they want to hide the graphene found in vaccines?
Attachment: Electromagnetic-Based-Wireless-Nano-Sensors-Network-Architectures-and-Applications.pdf (application/pdf)
Attachment: AVvXsEiQMJ1CfbKwt1GcXV2Dun4hUPkYGVsL7ICUVDQzbwHWSuEzp7YHk7r9l4CqqTowfWL0kbvvGOl2Msa0oH-Nhxcy1aXoL5BY8dOzhKt2K8Kdsf8RrbEXjAATpm_Xgxwq-d-P2daVqQXCu0XoBDYD930j3__0KkD6WQhXDW86LjVST6yuHt3wEZTvBtbs5w=s2048.png (image/png)
Attachment: Intra-body nano-network - Brief summary by Mik Andersen.pdf (application/pdf)
4. "Death by Alphabet: Moderna batch codes and associated deaths" by Mark Crispin Miller (19 Dec 2021 23:52 EST)
Death by Alphabet - Moderna Batch Codes and Associated Deaths
5 min. video
The batches with J, K, L and M are the most toxic and in the category ending in 20A.
The batches with A, B, C, D, E and F belong to the less toxic category which is the category of batches ending in 21A .
The less toxic have all killed people. The weakest dose has still hurt many.
Scroll down for summary of this video and related video links with summaries on How Bad is My Batch of Moderna, Pfizer and Janssen, and Disability by Alphabet - Moderna Alphabetic Batch Codes and Disability
Please check this app before allowing your child to receive Covid 19 vaccine.
http://www.howbad.info/
I downloaded the data from the VAERS database into excel.
VAERS data is available for free and is publically available.
...I was aware that some people suffer greatly after vaccination, whilst others suffer only mildly. I therefore hypothesised that people might be receiving different dosages. I decided to investigate this.
....As shown in my previous videos, Moderna batches have an alphabet letter in the centre of their batch code - which is either J, K, L, or M, or A, B, C, D, E, F, G or H
In my previous video I showed how number of ADVERSE REACTIONS per batch decreases as the alphabetic designation ascends.
In this video I show how number of DEATHS per batch also decreases as the alphabetic designation ascends.
This video demonstrates that -
1. there are different ranges of toxicity for different batches.
2. These ranges of toxicity are distinct from each other.
3. These ranges of toxicity are each labelled with a different letter of the alphabet
4. Toxicity decreases in a linear fashion as the alphabetic designation ascends
As a result, batches can cause 1x, 2x, 3x, 4x, 5x, 6x, or 7x the number of deaths, depending on their alphabetic designation.
Moderna has labelled their vaccine batches in accordance with their toxicity.
Moderna has tested dosages of varying lethality upon the American people, and monitored the effects, and they have done this in a systematic way - employing alphanumeric coding to label the different experimental conditions .
Literally, death by alphabet
I should add that Pharma has reduced the death count for J and K groups by assigning two batch codes for the same batch i.e.
025J20A and 025J20A-2a , and 011J20A and 022J20A - 2a. By doing this they effectively halve the number of deaths per batch, hiding the gross effects of their most toxic experiments. When these deceptions are corrected, then J and K are elevated.
To all the doctors and nurses out there who are administering vaccines, please take note of these findings when giving a shot. Look at the batch number. If it ends in 20A, please do not inject it. If the fourth character of the batch code is J, K, L, or M then please do not inject it. You should realise that though F is less toxic than E, and E less toxic than D, and D less toxic than C and C less toxic than B, and B less toxic than A, nevertheless they have all killed people. Giving people the weakest dose - F - has still hurt many.
It is my duty to inform you of these findings, so that you can avoid hurting, maiming or killing others. If I did not tell you this, I would be complicit in every subsequent adverse reaction. Now you know. Now you must act accordingly.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION : https://t.me/CovidScienceLibrary/379
Based on these findings a body of lawyers are now challenging the EUA on the grounds that the vaccine product shows serious inconsistency in toxicity between alphabetic batches and therefore breaks the original agreement with the FDA that all vaccine batches must be consistent .
How Bad is My Batch
CALL OUT TO ALL DOCTORS AND NURSES:
Doctors and nurses can now check the number of deaths and disabilities reported for any vaccine batch before prescribing it. In this way they can provide more informed consent. Doctors and nurses can check before they decide to administer from a particular batch.
CALL OUT TO ALL TEACHERS
Every teacher involved in deployment of the vaccine should be educating the students about vaccine safety - which means telling the students and/or parents the reported fatality numbers. Teachers can do this anonymously by texting parents using a different sim. Just send a short message to parents saying -
Vaccine Safety App - Please check this app before allowing your child to receive Covid 19 vaccine.
So I have created a web app called How Bad is My Batch . This app is now live at http://www.howbad.info . The reason I chose to create an online app is because it cannot be censored by Google Play or Apple Store, so it will always be available. Also an online app is easier to update.
The app will enable the public to look up their batch code and see how many deaths, adverse reactions, disabilities and hospitalisations are associated with that code.
It is for Moderna, Pfizer and Janssen batch codes, and based on US data in VAERS.
...This app will be very popular even with pro vax - they want to know what they have taken, and anti-vax want to know which batches are dangerous, and by how much. Doctors and nurses could also use this app to see how risky a particular batch is BEFORE they prescribe it.
...Donations are welcome to pay for hosting, ongoing research and data analysis. I intend to monitor VAERS and update the adverse reactions for batches on a weekly basis, so that people can receive a warning if toxic batches appear.
Please donate using the link https://paypal.me/paulkentheadon
I am grateful for any support you can offer.
....Archived version:
https://6ctmouzidd7hnt3e4ukj4ueuseiu7qrz2sngn36z24jvyqnspaxa.arweave.net/8KbHUygY_nbPZOUUnlCUkRFPwjnUmmbv2dcTXEGyeC4
....It will live forever on the blockchain and cannot be shut down by any entity, including the government. If the original site is removed or inaccessible for whatever reason, the permalink and archived version will still be accessible.
Disability by Alphabet - Moderna Alphabetic Batch Codes and Disability
The number of disabilities following administration of all moderna batches was counted using the VAERS database.
It is found that alphabetic groupings of the batches show significant differences in the number of disabilities caused - with a linear trend of descending number of disabilities as the alphabet ascends.
The number of disabilities in each alphabetic group is close to the number of deaths for each group - shown in a previous video (see part 2 and part 3). So the same batches that cause excessive deaths in some, cause excessive disabilities in others.
Once again alphabetic groups J, K, L, M are associated with greater disabilities than groups A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H.
It is noteworthy that the J, K , L, M groups have batch codes ending in 20A, whilst the A, B, C, D, E, F, G, and H groups have batch codes ending in 21A.
Once again, there appears to be greater variation of outcome with the more toxic batches, this being evident from the greater spread.
All spreadsheet data is available here - https://t.me/CovidScienceLibrary/386
5. UN taking down websites by Mark Crispin Miller (20 Dec 2021 11:09 EST)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qFFEI60SThU
6. More on the concentration camps impending in New York by Mark Crispin Miller (20 Dec 2021 11:15 EST)
The New York State Senate and Assembly could vote on a bill in the next session that would give the governor and his or her delegates permissions to remove and detain cases, contacts, carriers or any person who is potentially a "significant threat to public health." | Newsmax
Click here to read more: https://www.newsmax.com/us/newyork-covid19-statesenate/2021/12/19/id/1049294/?ns_mail_uid=48c01093-93e9-4e84-b4dd-fb59cac2369e
7. Chile already using the "vaccines" to "insert thoughts and feelings" into the injected by Mark Crispin Miller (20 Dec 2021 11:19 EST)
Here it goes, a real scary new world where those who were led to believe getting c-vaxxines would protect them from covid are in fact now having "thoughts and feelings" inserted via the c-vaxxines injections and then have no protection from covid or variants.
No wonder every country is hell bent on forcing everyone to get jabbed so everyone can be easily controlled.
See today's orwell.city update:
https://www.orwell.city/2021/12/yuste.html?m=1
The President of Chile has repeatedly mentioned that this (nano) technology (being injected via vaxxines) will make it possible to "insert thoughts and feelings" into people.
The neuro-rights law is already a reality in Chile and, most likely, will soon expand to other countries.
This law is directly related to the nanotechnology injected with each COVID dose and the implementation of 5G on a global scale.
The President of Chile has repeatedly mentioned that this technology will make it possible to "insert thoughts and feelings" into people.
The main promoter of this law, the Spanish neuroscientist Rafael Yuste, is now shown as a "protector of the brain" in magazines. When, in reality, he's just another false messiah.
Ricardo Delgado: Rafael Yuste, "The Guardian of the Brain."
Dr. Sevillano: Precisely. They call him "The Guardian of the Brain," when he's the guy who has left the brain of mankind at the service of the biggest criminals that the human being has right now in the shadows. And, on top of that, they call him "The Guardian." So you can see how cynical these people are.
Ricardo Delgado: That's right.
Dr. Sevillano: Precisely, they call "The Guardian of the Brain" the guy who has given them the key to the brain. To the guy who has unveiled it. If he had not opened his mouth, we would be safe right now. But since he has opened it, notice, now "the guardian" is at their service. This is so that no one finds out what they're doing to you, right? This is the "guardian of the brain."
Ricardo Delgado: He says: "In the laboratory, we already manage the minds of mice as if they were puppets. In ten years, it'll be done to yours." He says in ten more years, but they're already doing it.
Dr. Sevillano: He's a liar. Just listen to President Piñera. Mr. Yuste, haven't you talked to Piñera? To your little buddy in Chile? With the one, you have told... Because Piñera doesn't even know what day it is. It's obvious. You only have to listen to him when he talks. But you have already told him what you're going to do with us because you talk and meet with Mr. Piñera, with that guy with whom you've signed the law on neuro-rights. And that gentleman is talking about the fact that they can already put experiences in people's heads. Thoughts.
8. Wise words from another undergrounder by Mark Crispin Miller (20 Dec 2021 14:35 EST)
Dostoevsky
Sent with ProtonMail Secure Email.
9. If you want to get my Substack pieces.... by Mark Crispin Miller (20 Dec 2021 15:52 EST)
If you're a recent subscriber to NFU, and would like to get my Substack pieces (I write several a week), please either subscribe to Substack for the latter, or, if you can't afford it at the moment, please email Dylan Harnett (dylanharnettwork@protonmail.com) and ask him to have you comped.
10. US pilot deaths spike 1,750% since "vaccine" rollout by Mark Crispin Miller (20 Dec 2021 17:18 EST)
From Kathy Dopp:
12/13/2021 US pilot deaths increase by 1,750% after covid vaccine rollout Previously healthy U.S. airline pilots are passing away at an unprecedented rate. Pilots are required to be in tip-top physical condition, but in 2021, the entire airline industry conspired against the pilot’s individual health and threatened them with termination if they did not partake in the covid-19 vaccine experiment. As a result, over one hundred young pilots have mysteriously passed away in 2021, as countless other pilots suffer silently from adverse events and depleted immune systems. A total of one hundred eleven pilots died in the first eight months of this year! This is a 1,750% increase from 2020, when the world was supposed to be in the middle of a pandemic. A list of the deceased individuals was published in the Air Line Pilot Association magazine. In comparison, there were 6 airline pilot deaths in 2020, and only one death in 2019.--
https://www.bitchute.com/video/N7eOD86iyk01/
with Craig-Paardekooper
People Dropping Like Flies
https://drrowen.substack.com/p/people-dropping-like-flies?token=eyJ1c2VyX2lkIjoyMzU3NTY0LCJwb3N0X2lkIjo0NTkwMzEzOSwiXyI6IjZmb2V4IiwiaWF0IjoxNjQwNDI4MTkyLCJleHAiOjE2NDA0MzE3OTIsImlzcyI6InB1Yi01NDEyNjciLCJzdWIiOiJwb3N0LXJlYWN0aW9uIn0.L8rxMSmmPa6Go-uQcr1ketimJFy2GjzUFdeBlC44tS4
by Robert Jay Rowen, MD
(with disturbingly graphic video)
“It’s Beginning To Look A Lot Like Genocide”
https://www.bitchute.com/video/sqTd8LtViqI0/
Sent: Friday, December 24, 2021
1) UK already planning a FOURTH jab in the New Year - Mark Crispin Miller (23 Dec 2021 10:46 EST)
2) De Blasio's done to New York City what his father and his uncle helped the CIA do to Iran in 1953 - Mark Crispin Miller (23 Dec 2021 10:54 EST)
3) People dropping dead like flies, for real, on video - Mark Crispin Miller (23 Dec 2021 11:04 EST)
4) White House to (at least) half the US population: Drop dead - Mark Crispin Miller (23 Dec 2021 12:58 EST)
5) Baby Baphomet placed near Nativity scene in Illinois state capitol - Mark Crispin Miller (23 Dec 2021 13:10 EST)
6) Hey, men: If you don't want to get it up, get "vaccinated"! - Mark Crispin Miller (23 Dec 2021 13:15 EST)
7) The Daily Beast = CIA (MUST-READ/SHARE) - Mark Crispin Miller (23 Dec 2021 14:22 EST)
8) Meet the old boss, same at the new boss: Trump proudly stands with Dr. Fauci, "Joe Biden," Noam Chomsky and the New York Times, by hailing the "vaccines," and sliming the "unvaccinated" (and Glenn Greenwald APPROVES!) - Mark Crispin Miller (23 Dec 2021 15:00 EST)
9) A bio-fascist "Christmas number" at the White House - Mark Crispin Miller (23 Dec 2021 18:48 EST)
1) UK already planning a FOURTH jab in the New Year by Mark Crispin Miller (23 Dec 2021 10:46 EST)
CONFIRMED: UK Gov’t Already Planning for FOURTH Covid Jab in New Year
https://21stcenturywire.com/2021/12/23/confirmed-uk-govt-already-planning-push-for-fourth-covid-jab-in-new-year/
DECEMBER 23, 2021 BY NEWS WIRE 0 COMMENTS
It’s all but confirmed. Governments are now revealing their true objective: endless boosters for an endless pandemic.
This week the UK government admitted they are already in the planning stage for the next round of experimental Covid booster injections.
Public Health mavens are citing the “Omicron” virus invasion, as well as aggressive vaccine policies in Israel and Germany, now moving ahead with jab number four, as justification for pursuing an endless vaccines policy for Britain. Also, Germany has also shortened the period between a second Covid shot and a booster to just three months – down from six.
2) De Blasio's done to New York City what his father and his uncle helped the CIA do to Iran in 1953 by Mark Crispin Miller (23 Dec 2021 10:54 EST)
No wonder he's so arrogant. (That, and the corruption of the city's voting system.)
From Colleen McGuire:
Bill DeBlasio has many Deep State connections. Maria DeBlasio Wilhelm [mother of NYC mayor] had numerous connections to intelligence agencies. She worked for the OSS. Her husband, Warren Wilhelm Sr. (aka Kingsley Wilhelm) and his brother George Wilhelm Jr. played a role in the CIA’s 1953 coup in Iran (George was commissioned by Richard M. Helms in 1961 to ghost write the memoirs of the Shah of Iran.)
Ferdinand Kuhn was likely Maria DeBlasio’s boss when they both worked at the Office of War Information (a section of the OSS) during World War II, starting in 1943. Mr. Kuhn’s 1978 obituary in the Washington Post implies he had any number of connections to Central Intelligence Agency progenitors.
Visualize World Peace and Bodily Autonomy
3) People dropping dead like flies, for real, on video by Mark Crispin Miller (23 Dec 2021 11:04 EST)
If you know anyone who actually believed those stupid Chinese images of "people dying of COVID in the streets," rolled out in January 2020, try sending them this piece, and let them watch the video that Dr. Rowen reports.
#87 The Rowen Report
#87 The Rowen Report
https://drrowen.substack.com/p/people-dropping-like-flies
Robert Jay Rowen, MD
Dear Subscriber,
I know you have seen deaths in the movies. Of course, these are acted. But, have you ever seen people actually keeling over and dropping dead for real?
I just saw a jaw dropping video that tore me up. Young people simply collapsing in the midst of talking or competing. You might want to take a look at this video. But I warn you, it is graphic and horrifying:
https://www.bitchute.com/video/sqTd8LtViqI0/. People dropping like flies and smashing their heads on stoves, on the floor, desks, more. We don’t have the video of the airline captain who keeled over while piloting his jet. I presume it exists at Delta, according to information from a personal friend/patient, who is an airline captain.
I encourage constructive comments from those who believe in forcing this genetic “vaccine” after seeing the video. Also heartbreaking are the very vile and evil comments made about the pandemic, blaming a religious minority for the disaster, when we have evidence all around us of what really happened. Such thought processes make me wonder if there is much hope for humanity. Who will they turn to for blame when those they are blaming now are routed out like in Nazi Germany.
But, let’s move on.
In this link: Germans {are] Baffled by Soccer Players Collapsing & Dropping Dead on the Field:
https://www.independentsentinel.com/germans-baffled-by-soccer-players-collapsing-dropping-dead-on-the-field/
Here are links to athletes who are suddenly dropping dead or simply collapsing on the field, and below is a chart showing the explosion of cases.
https://www.vikendi.net/2021/11/05/already-30-fates-dramatic-series-of-heart-problems-in-athletes/
https://summit.news/2021/11/09/german-newspaper-highlights-unusually-large-number-of-soccer-players-who-have-collapsed-recently/
https://goodsciencing.com/covid/athletes-suffer-cardiac-arrest-die-after-covid-shot/
It is inconceivable to me that this is all the result of “heat” collapse as the MSM and authorities would have you believe. There has been fierce sports competition for decades/centuries and we’ve never seen anything like this, or like what you’ll see in the video in the first link. Even a referee, not competing, keeled over.
I do have a medical thought – based on logic. We know that the vaccine induces spike protein, a toxin that impairs circulation and damages endothelial cells. Could it be in susceptible individuals that the “heat” of competition stresses their circulation beyond the limitations induced by the bazillions of spike proteins unleashed by the vaccines? Then, much like a horse pushed beyond its limits that simply drops dead, so are the athletes.
I have fact checked many names on lists of deceased young athletes. And yes, they dropped dead. Of course, most of the reports did not include COVID vaccine status. And since the spike protein can linger around for many months after the vaccine, death might occur way outside the time period a “rational” person would consider as linked to the vaccine.
It is unimaginable to me that we are being coerced to act as bees in a hive and put ourselves and our children at risk for the collective. Most likely, tens of thousands have died of the vaccine if not far more.
I remain against forced/coerced vaccination of any kind. I am wide open and very supportive of anyone’s personal assessment of risk and personal choice to get or not to get the vaccine.
To Your Excellent Health,
Thanks for subscribing to The Rowen Report. This post is public, so feel free to share it.
© 2021 Robert Jay Rowen, MD Unsubscribe
321 S. Main St. #537, Sebastopol, CA 95403
4) White House to (at least) half the US population: Drop dead by Mark Crispin Miller (23 Dec 2021 12:58 EST)
A Christmas message from "President" "Biden":
https://brandnewtube.com/watch/the-white-house-s-message-of-death-and-illness-seasons-greetings_yQyLF7VEIQMpNAP.html
(For those too young to remember, my subject line is an allusion to the front page of the New York Daily News on Oct. 30, 1975:
https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/president-ford-announces-won-bailout-nyc-1975-article-1.2405985)
5) Baby Baphomet placed near Nativity scene in Illinois state capitol by Mark Crispin Miller (23 Dec 2021 13:10 EST)
This is not the least bit sinister.
https://www.the-sun.com/news/4328589/satanic-temple-displays-demonic-baby-nativity-scene/
6) Hey, men: If you don't want to get it up, get "vaccinated"! by Mark Crispin Miller (23 Dec 2021 13:15 EST)
My husband, and other over-50 "vaccinated" men I know, are having major functional performance problems 'down there' which they didn't have before they got vaxxed.
This subject of fertility and ED (erectile dysfunction) is something that most men are too embarassed to bring up and most are hoping that ED will go away on its own after being vaxxed with either Pfizer, Moderna, Janssen (aka Johnson & Johnson) or AstraZeneca covide vaccines.
So what exactly is causing ED and why isn't ED going away?
Two reasons:
1) the accumulation of toxic 'spike protein' found in reproductive organs of both men and women.
2) the discovery of a highly toxic substance in these covid vaxxines, Graphene Oxide (GO), causes major inflammation and damages the testes and other tissues and organs. Several teams of Spanish researchers have found GO in all vaccines since the 2019 flu vaxxine as documented on the www.orwell.city website (see archive).
So it's a double whammy between the spike proteins accumulation plus the highly toxic GO that damages, inflames our reproductive areas, organs along with accumulating in the brain and heart areas as well.
Here's an article about how destructive 'spike protein' is after the C-vaxxine injections cause the body to produce this toxin and scroll down for info /webpage regarding graphene oxide:
https://thetattyjournal.org/2021/10/22/the-killer-in-the-bloodstream-the-spike-protein/
...the spike protein produced by the vaccine does not just act locally, at the site of the jab (the shoulder muscle), but gets into the bloodstream and is carried through the circulation to many other sites in the body.
Previously confidential animal studies using radioactive tracing show it(the spike proteins) goes just about everywhere, including the adrenal glands, heart, liver, kidneys, lungs, ovaries, pancreas, pituitary gland, prostate, salivary glands, intestines, spinal cord, spleen, stomach, testes, thymus, and uterus.
Studies indicate that the protein is able to gain access to cells in the testicles, and may disrupt male reproduction…., salivary glands, intestines, spinal cord, spleen, stomach, testes, thymus, and uterus.
Studies indicate that the protein is able to gain access to cells in the testicles, and may disrupt male reproduction….
Here's why graphene oxide is also adversely affecting the testes, prostate and overall reproductive health:
https://www.orwell.city/2021/07/graphene-oxide-causes-erectile-dysfunction.html?m=1
Ricardo Delgado: Yesterday we talked about the toxicity of graphene and that it causes thrombi, clots, post-inflammatory syndrome, alteration of the immune system, alteration of oxidative stress, an increase of associative and cytokine storms, probably bilateral pneumonia as a consequence of uniform dissemination through the alveolar tract, inflammation of mucous membranes, and we also talked about the toxicity it (graphene oxide) causes in sperm. In other words, graphene causes toxicity in human sperm and, therefore, infertility. Here is another piece of news. Toxicity of graphene in human sperm.
Source: La Ciencia de la Mula Francis (study)
Well, this study has been done entirely with mice by administering certain doses of graphene. It causes oxidative stress damage to DNA and cell membrane. It (graphene oxide) accumulates in the testes causing inflammation, nodules, and lesions. The inflammation issue is very important because if graphene causes inflammation, then we're basically talking about this fashionable disease
Graphene Oxide toxicity causes Erectile Dysfunction and Sperm Toxicity
Ricardo Delgado: Let's talk a little bit about zinc, which we started talking about yesterday. And we've discovered something important. Well, it's something more related to zinc than anything else. It's about a link between zinc and erectile dysfunction. It's is happening more than people think. It's a controversial and rather embarrassing topic for many men, but many are confessing that after taking the vaccine, they've become impotent, José Luis. They have erectile dysfunction. They have difficulty in maintaining an erection.
And what we see in this study is that zinc is related to that. That's when there is a deficiency of zinc it causes erectile dysfunction. There are several studies on this and we are going to look at them now. This is one of them. Zinc deficiency.
Zinc is a trace metallic element that's found naturally in the soil, in certain vegetables, and in meat. However, when zinc levels fall below a recommended threshold, problems begin. Like lack of appetite. Well, one of the problems it causes is erectile dysfunction. I'm going to share this on La Quinta Columna's Telegram channel because now I want you to now see something else.
Remember yesterday we discovered that zinc maintains optimal levels of glutathione. And what we're going to see today I'm going to show you now. I've been a little bit slow to show articles today. I'm going to close this article and we're going to look at the next one, and splicing the two articles together, you're going to get a sense of the relationship that I want you to see.
Does COVID have an impact on erectile dysfunction? It's true that COVID has also had an impact on erectile dysfunction because indeed it has and there are several reasons for the worsening of this pathology that affects to a greater or lesser degree 50% of men over 50 years of age. What we saw yesterday, José Luis, correct me if I am wrong, is that when glutathione levels are low and when there is no degradation of graphene oxide, the level of zinc in people who are vaccinated or who have COVID falls.
Dr. José Luis Sevillano: It falls. Exactly.
Ricardo Delgado: So, if there is zinc deficiency, as we have seen in the previous article, erectile dysfunction can be caused. So this would explain that COVID which you know why it can be provoked —graphene intoxication— and then erectile dysfunction is generated. This is one of the articles.
Dr. José Luis Sevillano: It could be related to the fall of zinc levels. Yes, it's a possibility. But this is multifactorial. People are touched by this. It knocks you out. And for that to work well you have to be in good health. If you're unhealthy, it doesn't work. Also, it's a vascular issue. All that stuff down there is a vascular and neurological issue. If something malfunctions in your head or in the vessels, it can give you definite problems. It can even affect your...
Ricardo Delgado: It's multifactorial, there are several causes...
Dr. José Luis Sevillano: It can have several origins and taking into account that the person who suffers from persistent COVID, is a person with very bad health. That is to say, an individual who doesn't rest, for example, then his reproductive function is compromised.
There is something called Maslow's pyramid, which is a kind of scheme that illustrates which functions are indispensable and which aren't. And one of the essential ones is precisely the reproductive one, but first, you have to eat, you have to sleep. That is to say, those are the series of functions that are basic and that are the ones in which the organism devotes itself entirely when it comes to living. These are the indispensable ones. The others, if you are in good health, work. Otherwise, they don't, because the others are devoted to all the machinery that is preserved.
If a person has very bad health, it will affect him down there directly. It will be enough if he recovers his health for it to start up again. It may be because there is a lack of zinc, a lack of strength, energy, or vitality. It may be because neurologically your head is no longer functioning well and there is no longer even any desire or stimulation. In other words, lack of sexual appetite, etc. This can have many origins and certainly, not all cases have the same origin. Anyway, we've already seen that all the reducing agents work well when the disease is installed. All of them. In other words, we've already seen several: melatonin, zinc, vitamin D, glutathione...
Ricardo Delgado: It was because zinc maintained optimal glutathione levels, wasn't it?
Dr. José Luis Sevillano: We think so because it's a component that metalloproteins work with. Those are proteins that need some metallic element to function, and one of those enzymes that result in the manufacture of glutathione depends on zinc. It's almost certainly along those lines. If zinc is missing, the enzymes that synthesize glutathione are screwed, because they cannot function properly and a glutathione deficiency occurs. If there is a lack of zinc, there will be a lack of glutathione.
If it's not by that route of action, there is another one. It may be that, perhaps, zinc has a direct effect on graphene. We don't know if it has a direct effect, not mediated by metalloproteins, but direct.
Ricardo Delgado: Or both routes.
. Reduction and injury in sperm motility nodules
7) The Daily Beast = CIA (MUST-READ/SHARE) by Mark Crispin Miller (23 Dec 2021 14:22 EST)
Part 2: The Belly of The Daily Beast and Its Perceptible Ties to the CIA
Part 2 of a two-part series takes a deep dive into the history of the CIA’s central role in orchestrating news and editorial coverage in America’s most influential liberal national media outlets — and its continued hold today.
Dick Russell
Editor’s note: This is part 2 (read part 1) of a two-part series into the history of the CIA’s central role in orchestrating news and editorial coverage in America’s most influential liberal national media outlets — and its continued hold today.
On Oct. 14, 2016, The Daily Beast published a surprisingly candid retrospective on the CIA’s historic recruitment of media assets.
“Other journalists were threatened and blackmailed into cooperating with Mockingbird,” the article noted, “and many were given falsified or fabricated information about their actions in order to engender their support for the CIA’s mission. The program has never been officially discontinued.”
At the time, the editor-in-chief and managing director of The Daily Beast was John Phillips Avlon. Vanity Fair editor Tina Brown had launched the popular online news site in 2008. By the time she exited five years later, a soured merger with Newsweek had left The Daily Beast whimpering rather than roaring. Avlon’s arrival changed all that.
Avlon has all the credentials of the CIA’s iconic gentleman spy, including an old moneyed family with military pedigrees, a Yale education, and a missionary globalist zeal toward foreign policy and international affairs.
John Avlon, Sr. was chairman of a New York real estate company and a trustee of the George S. Patton Museum Foundation. Born in 1973, young John attended Milton Academy prep school in Massachusetts before earning his B.A. from Yale and an MBA from Columbia.
Curiously, both Avlon’s Wikipedia page and that of his best friend, the aristocratic spook Matthew Pottinger, note that the two are childhood best friends and Milton schoolmates, as if this lifelong partnership is an essential fact in evaluating both men’s lives.
Writing for the New York Sun in 2005, Avlon describes Pottinger — one of America’s top spies — as “like a brother to me.” Pottinger made his bones as a journalist — and, probably, as an espionage operative and propagandist — while working as a lead reporter for Reuters and the Wall Street Journal in China before serving as a U.S. Marines intelligence officer in Iraq and Afghanistan.
In 2010, Pottinger co-authored an intelligence analysis with Michael Flynn — “Fixing Intel: a Blueprint for Making Intelligence Relevant in Afghanistan” — published through the Center for a New American Security, a front group for Pentagon and intelligence agencies and military contractors that critics have branded “the military-industrial think tank complex.”
Rising through the ranks, Pottinger by 2017 became a member of the National Security Council under Donald Trump. Flynn, by then Trump’s National Security Advisor, appointed Pottinger as NSC’s Asia director.
Advocating a tough stance on China, Pottinger became Deputy National Security Advisor under globalist John Bolton on Sept. 20, 2019 — eight days after, according to current National Security Agency estimates, the Wuhan virus began circulating in China.
Pottinger’s wife, Dr. Yen Pottinger, is a virologist with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and was one of the first public advocates for social distancing.
After Trump left office, Pottinger joined yet another intelligence agency-linked think tank, the Hoover Institute, as a Distinguished Fellow. Coincidentally, Avlon is married to Margaret Hoover, who sits on the board of overseers of the Hoover Institute at Stanford. Margaret Hoover is a right-wing globalist advocate with a litany of foreign policy and intelligence agency credentials, including as former adviser to the Deputy Secretary of the Department of Homeland Security.
Avlon began his own rise to prominence with hawkish foreign policy, security state sympathies, and some obscure counterterrorism credentials of mysterious pedigree. His claims as a security and intelligence expert won him a job as speechwriter for New York Mayor Rudy Giuliani.
After the 9/11 attacks, Avlon prepared the mayor’s testimony to Congress on Homeland Security and Giuliani’s address on counter-terrorism to the UN General Assembly. Avlon served as Giuliani’s chief speechwriter and deputy director of policy during his 2007-08 presidential campaign. Mayor Giuliani was by then CEO of a private security and intelligence consulting firm. Giuliani credited the Manhattan Institute with masterminding a substantial part of his platform.
When Avlon joined The Daily Beast a month after its inception in 2008, he was simultaneously a senior fellow at the right-wing intelligence agency-linked think tank Manhattan Institute which advocates for interventionist foreign policies to achieve U.S. global hegemony. By the way, Ronald Reagan’s CIA director, William Casey, founded the Manhattan Institute in 1977 — three years before he began orchestrating the CIA’s “War on the Poor” in El Salvador, Nicaragua and Guatemala.
The Manhattan Institute received funding primarily from conservative foundations and major corporations — including Pfizer, Philip Morris and the Koch brothers — to advocate for deregulation of multinational corporations, and expanded power for intelligence agencies and the national security state.
After the 2001 World Trade Center attacks, the Institute formed a Center for Tactical Counterterrorism at the request of the NYPD. Later renamed the Center for Policing Terrorism, its goal was to train law enforcement and intelligence officers to become “first preventers” of future mass-casualty attacks by blending intelligence gathering/analysis with traditional policing methods.
The center has an overseas liaison program that places NYPD intelligence officers in foreign countries to gather intelligence and share information with officials in the host country. The Center published white papers on intelligence fusion centers, local counterterrorism strategies, and intelligence-led policing. (In 2008, it was absorbed into a National Consortium for Advanced Policing.)
Dick Cheney chose the Manhattan Institute as his venue to deliver a major foreign policy speechjustifying the Iraq War in 2006. That same year, President Bush also selected the institute for a speech advocating dramatic expansion of executive powers, and praised the organization for supporting “pro-growth economic policies that really sent a clear signal.”
The Manhattan Institute’s City Journal listed Judith Miller as a contributing editor. You might recall Miller as the hawkish New York Times journalist known for her deep CIA connections and for peddling false information about Iraq’s supposed weapons of mass destruction in support of the CIA’s expansionist warmongering. (Miller went to jail for her role in illegally outing undercover CIA agent Valerie Plame in revenge for Plame’s husband’s opposition to the Iraq war.)
The Manhattan Institute maintained a “health policy” team focused on dismantling the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) — a bugaboo, back then, to Big Pharma. (Today, Big Pharma considers the thoroughly captured FDA an indispensable subsidiary.) Manhattan Institute’s “Project FDA,” was assigned to transform the agency into a bridge for innovative medicines “on the cusp of a radical transformation,” aimed at getting “new scientific advances” to patients more quickly. Manhattan Institute’s aggressive advocacy of the biosecurity agenda coincided with Bill Gates announcing the “Decade of Vaccines,” and the founding of Moderna and its novel mRNA approach to medicine.
This was the right-wing, corporatist, imperialist, war-mongering, pharma-friendly think tank that served as Avlon’s base as he worked himself up to political editor, executive editor and then managing editor of the supposedly liberal The Daily Beast, and then built the online paper into a powerful ideological agent of 21st-century recasting of liberalism.
In 2013, President Barack Obama quietly signed a bill that neutralized the 1948 Smith-Mundt Act, thereby lifting the bans that formerly prohibited the CIA from propagandizing Americans. That repeal, according to journalist Leah Anaya, legalized “government-regulated news” in our country, and unleashed the CIA to use “legalized psychological war ops being run on the American people.”
The change in the law, Anaya says, “allowed the government to gain assistance [for] not-so-popular policies, ushering in a whole new world of government freedom to serve up propaganda to Americans on a silver platter.” For the first time in the CIA’s history, Operation Mockingbird was suddenly legal.
After President Trump’s election, The Daily Beast amped up the CIA’s anti-Russia agenda — and the need for censorship — as the key tenets of the emerging liberal ideology with a series of articles exposing how the Russians had used Facebook to promote Trump rallies in 17 American cities.
Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. met with Avlon in 2018 after The Daily Beast made a series of attacks on him over his skeptical stance on certain vaccines. Kennedy argued that The Daily Beast articles were error-ridden and unfair. Avlon refused to allow Kennedy the traditional “right to reply” that formerly applied across the publishing spectrum when a newspaper attacks a well-known individual by name.
Kennedy described Avlon as congenial but immovable. Kennedy recalls:
“He had a photo of my father in his office and was very friendly, but refused to allow me to publish a letter or any other response to the various slanders, or to correct multiple factual errors. Avlon’s stubborn refusal to grant this standard gesture of basic journalistic decency suggested to me a hidden agenda. I assumed Daily Beast was probably receiving some stream of advertising revenue from Pharma. It never occurred to me, back then, that this might be an intelligence agency agenda.”
In May 2018, Avlon announced he was leaving The Daily Beast to become a senior political analyst and anchor at CNN. There he would join another famous media Yalie, Anderson Cooper, who offers a slightly more plausible explanation than Markos Moulitsas (see part 1) for his early-career decision to leave the CIA: “It was less James Bond than I hoped it would be.”
The danger room
In January 2014, shortly after Avlon took The Daily Beast’s helm, he recruited Noah Shachtman as his executive editor. Upon Avlon’s departure, Shachtman succeeded him as The Daily Beast’s editor-in-chief.
Shachtman graduated from Georgetown University before matriculating to the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. After working as a staffer for Bill Clinton’s 1992 presidential campaign, Shachtman turned to freelance journalism.
Of his beginnings, Shachtman recalls:
“I’d been a tech reporter for a while. After Sept. 11, 2001, I got more interested in the defense beat and was writing more stories on that topic. And I just noticed there was a real dearth of information out there for regular people that weren’t in the military-industrial complex.”
In January 2003, Shachtman founded a blogging website called DefenseTech.org, which quickly emerged as one of the web’s chief resources on military hardware. In November 2004, Shachtman sold his blog operation for an undisclosed sum to Military Advantage Inc., operator of the Military.com website specializing in military career services.
Wired: a CIA redoubt
Shachtman had already been writing for Wired when he was hired onto the magazine in 2006. Wired magazine, founded in 1993, quickly emerged as the face of the CIA-sponsored dot-com boom: “The magazine’s embrace of a privatized digital universe made it a natural ally of the powerful business interests pushing to deregulate and privatize American telecommunications infrastructure,” writes Yasha Levine in his 2018 book “Surveillance Valley: The Secret History of the Internet.”
The magazine’s initial funding came from MIT Media Lab founder Nicholas Negroponte, whose brother John Negroponte was the first director of National Intelligence, notorious for his sponsorship of Central American death squads.
Wired’s central function was to “scrub every last particle of progressive thinking from reporting on the then-developing online world and to promote a pro-military/pro-corporate/pro-intelligence agency view within the digital media and technology community,” according to an interview Kennedy had with tech entrepreneur Ken McCarthy, who lived and worked in San Francisco in the 1990s and organized the first conference on monetizing the web.
Wired quickly earned notoriety as a clearinghouse for intelligence agency chatter. Prior to Wired, Mondo 2000, the Bay Area’s original tech and culture magazine, reflected the progressive, idealistic viewpoints of many of the pioneer tech innovators.
In contrast, Wired, which appropriated Mondo 2000’s look and feel and no small number of its employees, glorified military and intelligence agency celebrities and corporate CEOs. Wired gained snowballing prominence in the early 2000s at the same time that the CIA launched its investment firm, In-Q-Tel, to infiltrate the tech industry and put Silicon Valley on steroids with easy terms and government contracts. Timothy Leary described Wired as “the CIA’s answer to Mondo 2000.”
Wired is also the fountainhead of a movement called “Transhumanism,” which advocates for the integration of human beings and machines. The movement’s most vocal supporters include key Silicon Valley billionaires and engineers and the CIA. The aspiration of transhumanism is idealistically described as “liberating humanity from biological restraints” — using AI, novel therapies like stem cells and nanobots, vaccination and subdermal chips.
Jacques Ellul, an early pioneer, described transhumanism’s elegant capacity for top-down control of humanity in his book, “The Technological Society”:
“For the psychocivilized society, the complete joining of man and machine will be calculated according to a strict system, the so-called ‘biocracy.’ It will be impossible to escape this system of adaption because it will be articulated with so much scientific understanding of the human being. The individual will have no more need of conscience and virtues. His moral and mental furnishing will be a matter of the biocrats’ decisions.”
As Kennedy shows in his book — “The Real Anthony Fauci” — Wired also became an advocate for vaccination and a leading promoter of autism denial and “neurodiversity
Shachtman’s escalating fascination with international espionage and spy weaponry, the military-industrial complex, surveillance, coerced vaccination, U.S. imperialism, and the rising national security state seems anathema to the core values of traditional liberalism and democracy.
But wait; it gets worse: In February 2007, Shachtman announced in the Huffington Post:
“I’m starting a new blog for Wired. It’s called Danger Room. And it’ll cover ‘what’s next in national security.’ But we won’t just be talking about gear — although you’ll get more than your fair share of killer drones, electronic weapons, and nuclear threats, don’t worry. We’ll look at new strategies, new thinking, and new tactics in national security, as well. And we’ll follow the personalities and politics surrounding these developments. Because within a military-industrial complex that chews up a trillion dollars a year, there are plenty of power struggles, both behind the scenes, and in front of the cameras. To start things off, we’ll talk to one of the most influential figures in military research today: Tony Tether, head of DARPA, the Pentagon’s way-out science and technology arm. Ordinarily, he’s reluctant to speak with the press.”
Six years later, DARPA awarded up to $25 million towards the development of Moderna’s mRNA vaccines. In January of 2018, DARPA launched an emerging-pathogenic-threat program that considered funding a substantial gain-of-function research study at the Wuhan lab in China.
Shachtman cast himself as an inveterate defense and intelligence industry insider.
In 2008, Shachtman described his Danger Room Debriefs as being “where we ask smart folks in the military, intelligence, and homeland defense fields to outline some under-the-radar security issues — and point the way towards potential, often-unorthodox solutions.”
Early in 2010, Shachtman self-promoted his achievements thusly:
“When the Department of Homeland Security’s National Operations Center wants to ‘improve its situational awareness and common operating picture,’ the action officers there ‘monitor’ Wired.com’s Danger Room and Threat Level. That’s according to a couple of DHS ‘Privacy Impact Assessments’ spotted by USA Today and Newsweek’s Declassified blog.”
Shachtman’s pieces increasingly examined the intersection between big tech and the military-industrial complex and transhumanism. He probed “DARPA’s Next Grand Challenge: Build Us Lifelike, Humanoid Robots” (April 5, 2012).
He examined how “the Defense Department’s best-known geek” (DARPA director Regina Dugan) was stepping down to take a job at Google (March 12 and March 14, 2012). There Shachtman revealed how “the investment arms of Google and the CIA both put cash into Recorded Future, a company that monitors social media in real-time — and tries to use that information to predict upcoming events.”
By June of 2012, thewas celebrating Wired’s success in militarizing Silicon Valley’s dominant ideologies. Wired “has found a different audience of readers who are not coming from the programming circles of Silicon Valley,” the paper noted.
The Times wrote: New York Times
“They are technology enthusiasts spread across military bases and mazelike corridors of the Pentagon. In the five years since Wired.com started its Danger Room blog, it has attracted a steady following in the national security community. The blog has 35,094 Twitter followers, makes up 10 percent of the traffic on Wired.com, and has broken stories as geeky and alarming as the one on a virus spreading through drone cockpits and ‘burn pit’ trash disposal exposure in Afghanistan. Danger Room appears to be reaching readers the military sometimes has trouble connecting within its own ranks.”
“‘They clearly have an audience in the Pentagon,’ said Geoff Morrell, who worked closely with a former Defense secretary, Robert Gates. He said the blog’s stature helped persuade the Pentagon to cooperate with Wired on a 2009 cover article about Mr. Gates.” (Gates had served as CIA Director between 1991 and 1993 during the first Bush administration.)
The article described Shachtman as a sensitive military groupie, “the blog’s editor and a self-described ‘technology geek,’” being “pleasantly surprised when general so-and-so shakes my hand and says he’s reading the blog.”
Shachtman has enjoyed the broad international peregrinations that Langley favors in its agents and assets.
According to an online biography:
“During his tenure at Wired, he patrolled with Marines in the heart of Afghanistan’s opium country, embedded with a Baghdad bomb squad, pored over the biggest investigation in FBI history, exposed technical glitches in the U.S. drone program, snuck into the Los Alamos nuclear lab, profiled Silicon Valley gurus and Russian cybersecurity savants, and underwent experiments by Pentagon-funded scientists at Stanford.”
While still writing his blog for Wired, Shachtman became a nonresident fellow in the Center for 21st Century Security and Intelligence at the Brookings Institute.
The same biographical profile continued:
“Shachtman has spoken before audiences at West Point, the Army Command and General Staff College, the Aspen Security Forum, the O’Reilly Emerging Technology Conference, Harvard Law School, and National Defense University. The offices of the Undersecretary of Defense for Intelligence, the Undersecretary of Defense for Policy, and the Director of National Intelligence have all asked him to contribute to discussions on cyber security and emerging threats. The Associated Press, CNN, Fox News, MSNBC, PBS, ABC News, and NPR have looked to him to provide insight on military developments.”
A March 2011 Harvard Law School conference featured Shachtman moderating a panel on “Defense and Deterrence in Cybersecurity and Cyberwarfare.” At the beginning of March 2013, he moderated a panel at Yale Law School’s Tracking and Biometrics Conference on “Nontrespassory tracking: Biometrics, license plate readers, and drones.”
Foreign policy magazine
In June 2013, Shachtman announced he was moving on. “GOODBYE, WIRED. GOODBYE, Danger Room. These have been the best years of my work life; for the longest time, I couldn’t even imagine doing anything else. But the moment has finally come for something new. I’m starting today as an executive editor at Foreign Policy magazine.”
During his short-lived stint at Foreign Policy magazine, Shachtman authored pieces about the Obama administration’s infighting on cyber leaks, and the fury of tech industry executives over revelations that the National Security Agency had infiltrated Google and Yahoo, “making off with private communications of millions of their customers.” Shachtman exploited his deepest connections and published in October 2013 the revelation that intelligence veterans said President Obama had to be aware that “foreign leaders were being monitored by U.S. intelligence agencies, and principally the NSA.”
Somehow, the powers that run The Daily Beast decided to recruit, as its editor-in-chief, this oddball with his admiration for covert activities, electronic surveillance, killer drones, high-tech weaponry, celebrity generals and cloak-and-dagger cyber ops. Before long, the news site was receiving acclaim for breaking key stories that supported the CIA’s pet narratives, including Russia’s involvement with planting “fake news” during the 2016 election process.
“There are tons of examples of Russian propaganda,” Shachtman said in 2017. “And a lot of that was unearthed by The Daily Beast. The Senate Intelligence Committee mentioned five things that we had broken.”
“We used our tech teams and resources and our well-sourced people like Spencer [Reiss] to nail down” a Ukrainian fellow living on Staten Island who ultimately led to The Daily Beast’s tracing “the weird propaganda effort out of Saint Petersburg and purporting to be Americans interacting on Facebook.”
These anti-Russian slanders — true or not — are among the CIA’s central obsessions.
(I do not argue that Putin didn’t meddle in the 2016 election, only that U.S media has made no effort to question the CIA’s own role in generating and amplifying related propaganda.)
Shachtman boasted of The Daily Beast’s work with Spencer Reiss, a former Wired editor and Newsweek foreign correspondent who sponsors annual conferences in which Big Tech CEOs like Mark Zuckerberg, Jeff Bezos, Eric Schmidt, Satya Nadella, Jack Ma, Tim Cook and Eric Yuan rub shoulders with military contractors and pharmaceutical titans.
Like its bookend, Daily Kos, The Daily Beast not only promotes stories that glorify Big Tech but polarize and inflame political divisions including those between Democrats and Republicans, and Blacks and Whites, and that push COVID-19 fear narratives.
By the late summer of 2021, the site was no longer making any pretense about where it stood. In an opinion piece headlined “Lefties Planted the Anti-Science Seed Fueling Vaccine Skepticism,” (Aug. 23, 2021) The Daily Beast assailed “biotechnophobia” about GMO foods as having inspired the health disinformation campaign around COVID-19.
Then, in the fall, The Daily Beast initiated a hard sell for an authoritarian-style future: “One Thing Will Save Us From These Suicidal Lunatics — Mandates” in order to “save lives and protect our unvaccinated kids” (Sept. 26, 2021).
This was followed by “It’s Time to Get Personal, and Nasty, With Vaccine Resisters” (Oct. 17, 2021) and a hit piece against the Organic Consumers Association “The Green New Deal Activists Spreading Deadly Vaccine Lies” (Oct. 24, 2021), and then a call to require childhood vaccinations“Fear, Myths, and Complacency Stand Between Kids and the End of the Pandemic” (Nov. 2, 2021).
By this time, Noel Shachtman had found a greener pasture. But clearly, his legacy remained very much alive. And Rolling Stone was about to dance to the same tune.
Co-opting the counterculture: could the CIA now run Rolling Stone?
On July 15, Rolling Stone announced Shachtman “will lead content, editorial strategy and manage [its] illustrious staff.” Among its initial bows to Shachtman’s ascendancy, Rolling Stone removed from its website, after 16 years, a 2005 article called “Deadly Immunity” written by Kennedy.
Why go back that far to change the past? Kennedy’s piece was about thimerosal in vaccines. He had constructed the article around the previously secret transcript of a clandestine 2000 meeting between 52 pharmaceutical chieftains, academic researchers and public health bureaucrats in a remote Georgia retreat center known as Simpsonwood. The Simpsonwood transcripts show the participants plotting strategies for hiding a 1,135% elevated risk of autism among vaccinated children — compared to unvaccinated — disclosed by an alarming internal CDC study of the government’s largest vaccine database.
Rolling Stone and Salon had both extensively fact-checked Kennedy’s controversial piece prior to publishing it. Under pressure by pharmaceutical companies, Salon removed Kennedy’s article in 2011 citing undisclosed “factual misinformation.” Rolling Stone steadfastly defended the article as factually accurate for an additional decade until shortly before Shachtman’s arrival. In an article headlined “How the Anti-Vaxxers Got Red-Pilled,” writer Tim Dickinson announced: “The story no longer appears on Rolling Stone’s website.”
In that same article, Dickinson states:
“Exploring conspiracy theories and mass delusion can inadvertently popularize misinformation. So inoculate yourself with facts: The novel vaccines produced by Pfizer and Moderna are revolutionary and take advantage of our own cellular machinery to safeguard recipients against future coronavirus infection.”
While excoriating Kennedy for painting Bill Gates “as a reckless and unaccountable billionaire pulling the strings of global institutions,” Dickinson goes on to warn that: “The mass delusion of conspiracy-theory belief also constitutes a public-health crisis.”
Killing ivermectin with lies
In addition to removing Kennedy’s piece, Rolling Stone quickly made itself the ideological gatekeeper for the medical cartel’s official dogmas on COVID. In its Sept. 3 edition, it published a story headlined: “Gunshot Victims Left Waiting as Horse Dewormer Overdoses Overwhelm Oklahoma Hospitals.”
The alleged “horse dewormer” was ivermectin, a Nobel Prize-winning broad-spectrum antiparasitic medication determined by hundreds of front-line physicians and 87 peer-reviewed) studies, to have clear life-saving efficacy against COVID-19.
Ivermectin has posed an existential threat to the COVID vaccine enterprise since federal law prohibits the granting of Emergency Use Authorization to any vaccines if an FDA-licensed remedy like Ivermectin already exists to treat the target disease.
The “vaccine-only” proponents in government, pharmaceutical and media circles mobilized in a lockstep campaign to discredit the treatment. Continuing Pharma’s disinformation thrust, Rolling Stone published a photo the magazine claimed to depict a long line of gunshot victims waiting outside an Oklahoma hospital where, according to Rolling Stone, patients poisoned by ivermectin occupied every available bed. The photo was a fake. Bloggers exposed it as a seven-month-old picture of people waiting for COVID shots. The hospital itself debunked and denounced the article, saying it had treated no ivermectin overdoses. Rolling Stone refused to retract the article or apologize.
An opinion piece in the Washington Examiner called Rolling Stone’s report a “hoax,” adding, “But the public didn’t know this until after the article went viral, amplified and spread all over the country by an all-too-eager news media, including MSNBC, Yahoo!, the New York Daily News, Newsweek and Business Insider. Like Rolling Stone, none of these outlets thought to pick up a phone and double-check [the] story. The failure here is collective.”
Rolling Stone also unleashed attacks on the guitar icon Eric Clapton after the singer confided that his hands had become paralyzed following vaccination. The headline gives insight into Rolling Stone’s degree of objectivity: “Eric Clapton’s Anti-Vaccine Diatribe Blames ‘Propaganda’ for ‘Disastrous’ Experience.”
Once Shachtman took the reins, the magazine followed up with, “Eric Clapton Isn’t Just Spouting Vaccine Nonsense — He’s Bankrolling It,” which inspired coverage across Big Pharma’s media echo chamber.
NBC News cruelly trumpeted: “Eric Clapton’s Covid vaccine conspiracies mark a sad final act.” The Los Angeles Times, owned by pharmaceutical titan Patrick Soon Shiong, parrotted: “Eric Clapton likes these anti-vaxxers so much that he’s bankrolling their band.”
Was it even remotely possible that Eric Clapton suffered an adverse reaction to the vaccines, and wanted little more than to share his experience? Apparently not possible, according to these media companies.
In an obsequious Oct. 17 puff piece, the Washington Post, now owned by Amazon founder Jeff Bezos, hailed Shachtman’s arrival as a “milestone” for Rolling Stone, adding that “If reinventing an iconic magazine means taking aim at music’s sacred cows and finding ways to shout from the rooftops, both Noah Shachtman and [CEO] Gus Wenner seem ready to do just that.”
Rolling Stone rushed in full throttle to tout the official line on the pandemic. A Sept. 25 article declared “the NBA’s Anti-Vaxxers Are Trying to Push Around the League — and It’s Working.”
An Oct. 20 headline asked, disapprovingly, “Will a City Mandate Cause Thousands of Unvaccinated L.A. Cops to Walk off the Job?”
On Nov. 16, Rolling Stone explained: “How Conspiracy Theorists and Eric Trump Turned Nashville’s Most Famous Hotel into Anti-Vax HQ.”
Probing investigative journalism at Rolling Stone has now devolved into stories like “The Best Face Masks for the Delta Variant.”
Shachtman’s editor adds this shameless caveat:
“Products featured are independently selected by our editorial team and we may earn a commission from purchases made from our links; the retailer may also receive certain auditable data for accounting purposes.”
A Nov. 27, Tim Dickinson article announced: “The Omicron variant discovered in South Africa may be a super-spreadable mutant. Here’s what you need to know.”
“What happened to the Rolling Stone we all fell in love with?” asks Ska superstar Dicky Barrett, lead singer for the Mighty Mighty Bosstones.
“Rolling Stone was once the most popular forum for agitation, skepticism and dissent. It was the voice of the counterculture engaged in political rebellion against entrenched and vested interests, and particularly against, the military and the CIA’s anti-democratic corruption. What happened to the ‘Rage Against the Machine?’ Today, it seems, Rolling Stone is ‘the Machine.’”
By controlling the traditionally liberal media outlets, the CIA and the pharmaceutical cartel have led the Democratic party to abandon its core constituencies. Polling shows that rank and file union members and Black Americans overwhelmingly oppose COVID-19 mandates, and many are rushing to join the resistance.
On July 8, writing in the African-American news blog Black Agenda Report, Public Radio Editor Riva Enteen asks why the “U.S. ‘Left’ Has Repositioned Itself on the ‘Right’ — Aligned with Capital, War and Repression”:
“Why is it that most of those who were concerned with the far-reaching civil liberties implications of the Patriot Act after 9-11 now trust the FBI and are thrilled that Silicon Valley is censoring all but established ‘truth?’ Why is it that the ‘educated’ class in this country is particularly all in for censorship? What about the enlightenment principles of skepticism, critical thought, inquiry, and free speech—all the qualities ‘liberals’ used to stand for? Thinking for yourself is now a dangerous form of radicalism.
“[T]he most dangerous component of ‘MSM’ fake news is arguably propaganda by omission. The public cannot make informed decisions, and take appropriate action, when the crimes of ruling elites are kept hidden by a complicit media.”
Enteen observes that the mainstream media has devolved into the modern iteration of Mockingbird, promoting the CIA’s biosecurity agenda—which conflates terrorism with vaccine hesitancy, and leverages the orchestrated fear of germs to expand state authority.
Glenn Greenwald concurs, pointing out that, under the CIA’s new post-COVID era rubric, “Domestic Violent Extremists” [DVEs] are “those who oppose capitalism and all forms of globalization… derived from anti-government or anti-authority sentiment,” and “opposition to perceived economic, racial or social hierarchies”… DVEs are “subject to a vast array of domestic surveillance and monitoring by the CIA and other intelligence agencies—in the name of fighting ‘domestic terrorism.’”
The current domestic War on Terror has already provoked billions more in military spending. “And Silicon Valley apparently is tasked with deciding who the domestic terrorists are,” adds Enteen.
The CIA’s consolidation of power over mainstream media and social media may be on the verge of accomplishing the agency’s ultimate ambition: after 70 years engineering coups d’états against the world’s democracies, the CIA, this year, may have finally achieved the ultimate triumph — the controlled demolition of American democracy and the obliteration of our Constitution.
8) Meet the old boss, same at the new boss: Trump proudly stands with Dr. Fauci, "Joe Biden," Noam Chomsky and the New York Times, by hailing the "vaccines," and sliming the "unvaccinated" (and Glenn Greenwald APPROVES!) by Mark Crispin Miller (23 Dec 2021 15:00 EST)
In Breathtaking Clip, Trump Says He "Came Up With" All Three Vaccines In Record Time, Citing Utterly False Claim That Deaths Are Higher Among Unvaccinated
And Glenn Greenwald Calls It A "Stirring Defense Of Covid Vaccines."
Celia Farber
This is so mangled and upside down, I have no words.
Glenn Greenwald @ggreenwald
Donald Trump offers an emphatic and stirring defense of COVID vaccines, as Candace Owens pushes him on the question of mandates. Trump not only encourages everyone to take the vaccine but warns that those who are getting sick and dying are largely the unvaccinated.
Popper @Kukicat7
Donald Trump: 'The Vaccine is one of the greatest achievements of mankind' 'All three vaccines (Pfizer, Moderna, J&J) are very good' 'The vaccines work - If you take the vaccine you are protected' 'People aren't dying when they take the vaccine' https://t.co/fU8q1sdMda
December 23rd 2021
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9) A bio-fascist "Christmas number" at the White House by Mark Crispin Miller (23 Dec 2021 18:48 EST)
Whose bright idea was this? (And how did they get Hillary to sing that solo verse?)
https://twitter.com/statomattic/status/1474061941933023234?s=20
This unsettling spectacle of madly dancing "nurses" harks back to the staggeringly creepy closing ceremony of the London Olympics in 2012—an occult preview of the COVID nightmare, with hints of mass hypnosis (if not demonic possession) and child sacrifice:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ij3sgRG5sPY
‘Fighting to free our people’: 55 years of the Black Panther Party
https://therealnews.com/fighting-to-free-our-people-55-years-of-the-black-panther-party
with Eddie Conway
This Is the Best Time for Americans to Unionize
https://scheerpost.com/2021/12/19/ralph-nader-this-is-the-best-time-for-americans-to-unionize/
Prisoners Sue California Prison System
Following Targeted Raid Against Black People
https://scheerpost.com/2021/12/20/inmate-sues-california-prison-system-following-targeted-raid-against-black-people/
by Claude Marks
Jailhouse lawyers in solitary lose access to the vital tools they need to
file legal cases from inside cells
https://truthout.org/articles/jailhouse-lawyers-are-often-punished-with-solitary-confinement/?utm_source=Truthout&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Truthout+Share+Buttons
by Roxanne Barnes
Europe is finally recognizing that platform workers
aren’t self-employed
https://therealnews.com/europe-is-finally-recognizing-that-platform-workers-arent-self-employed
by Ben Wray
'Pressure Works': Senate Told to Act on Voting Rights Bills After
Biden Backs Filibuster Exception
https://www.commondreams.org/news/2021/12/23/pressure-works-senate-told-act-voting-rights-bills-after-biden-backs-filibuster
by Jessica Corbett
The Inevitability of Kamala Harris
https://www.zerohedge.com/political/inevitability-kamala-harris
by Luke Thompson
The US deportation machine is out of control right now
https://therealnews.com/the-us-deportation-machine-is-out-of-control-right-now
Manslaughter charges filed against Britain and France
over channel crossing deaths
https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/english-channel-manslaughter-charges-filed-britain-france-deaths
by MEE and agencies
"An Acquittal Wouldn't Surprise Me": Lawyers Ask Why
Just Four Epstein Accusers Were Called During Maxwell Trial
https://www.zerohedge.com/political/acquittal-wouldnt-surprise-me-lawyers-ask-why-just-four-epstein-accusers-were-called
by Tyler Drudan
Now that the Ghislaine Maxwell sex-trafficking trial is in the hands of the jury, lawyers representing some of Epstein's accusers are asking why just four victims were called by prosecutors (led by the daughter of former FBI Director James Comey).
The Maxwell Family Business: Espionage
https://unlimitedhangout.com/2020/07/investigative-series/the-maxwell-family-business-espionage/
by Whitney Webb
Maxwell Trial, Assange Extradition, "Vaccine Equity
https://www.bitchute.com/video/nPVTnUIWGgqf/
with Ryan Cristián and Whitney Webb
“Meet Ghislaine, Daddy’s Girl”
https://unlimitedhangout.com/
BREAKING: Mossad Chief, Yossi Cohen, Conducted Affair With
Israeli Stewardess, Exposing Intelligence Secrets to Her and Husband
- Tikun Olam
https://www.richardsilverstein.com/2021/12/22/mossad-chief-yossi-cohen-conducted-affair-with-israeli-stewardess-exposing-intelligence-secrets-to-her-and-her-husband/
by Richard Silverstein
Israel censored this film.
Watch it here:
with Tamara Nassar
Ex-Israeli intel chief admits role in assassination of Iran's Qassem
Soleimani - Israel News - Haaretz.com
https://archive.vn/2021.12.20-184646/https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/israeli-intel-chief-takes-responsibility-for-assassination-of-iran-s-soleimani-1.10481220
‘Previously Unknown Massacres’:
Why is Israel Allowed to Own Palestinian History?
https://www.mintpressnews.com/previously-unknown-massacres-israel-allowed-palestinian-history/279311/
by Ramzy Baroud
Israel codifies shoot-to-kill policy against Palestinians
https://electronicintifada.net/blogs/maureen-clare-murphy/israel-codifies-shoot-kill-policy-against-palestinians
by Maureen Clare Murphy
Israel Levels Palestinian Bedouin Village for 14th Time this Year
https://www.globalresearch.ca/israel-levels-palestinian-bedouin-village-14th-time-year/5765255
by Middle East Monitor
Israeli State Violence Intensifying as 2021 Proves Deadliest for
Palestinians Since 20
https://www.mintpressnews.com/israeli-state-violence-intensifying-2021-deadliest-palestinians-since-2014/279302/
by Jessica Buxbaum
25 Palestinians Injured in Confrontations with Israeli Forces near
Israeli army attacks journalists in the town of Burqa. (File Photo: via Social Media)
https://www.palestinechronicle.com/25-palestinians-injured-in-confrontations-with-israeli-forces-near-nablus/
by Palestine Chronicle
Video: How Israeli bombing poisoned Gaza's water
https://electronicintifada.net/content/video-how-israeli-bombing-poisoned-gazas-water/34256
by The Electronic Intifada
US on Homesh Attack: Use of Force in Self-Defense is Only for Israelis,
Not for Palestinians
https://www.mintpressnews.com/us-homesh-attack-use-force-self-defense-israel-not-palestinians/279292/
by Miko Peled
25% of households in Israel live in poverty
https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20211221-25-of-households-in-israel-live-in-poverty/
Israel: companies sold weapons to China ‘without permit’
https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20211221-israel-companies-sold-weapons-to-china-without-permit/
Palestinian student receives death threats, FBI visit
https://electronicintifada.net/content/palestinian-student-receives-death-threats-fbi-visit/34511
by Omar Zahzah
Meet Edward Isaacs, the student waging a campus war for Israel
https://electronicintifada.net/content/meet-edward-isaacs-student-waging-campus-war-israel/34456
by Kit Klarenberg
Israel Freaks Out as Gabriel Boric’s Elections Signals
New Direction for Chile
https://www.mintpressnews.com/israel-freaking-gabriel-boric-election-chile/279315/
by Alan MacLeod
'Historically large win': Chile votes for socialism over fascism
https://therealnews.com/historically-large-win-chile-votes-for-socialism-over-fascism
by Common Dreams Staff
https://therealnews.com/author/salvador-allende
(December 20, 2021)
by Salvador Allende and Yoshie Furuhashi
With Chileans electing young leftist Gabriel Boric to be their next president and drafting a new Constitution, the dream of Salvador Allende lives on. We revisit Allende’s final words to the nation in 1973.
The Meaning of Boric's Victory in Chile
https://www.counterpunch.org/2021/12/23/the-meaning-of-borics-victory-in-chile/
by Ariel Dorfman
Voices of Concern: Aussies for Assange’s Return
https://www.globalresearch.ca/voices-concern-aussies-assange-return/5765291
by Dr. Binoy Kampmark
Why We Must Defend Julian Assange
http://www.blackagendareport.com/why-we-must-defend-julian-assange
by Margaret Kimberley
Assange Applies For Appeal to UK Supreme Court
https://consortiumnews.com/2021/12/23/assange-applies-for-appeal-to-uk-supreme-court/
by Joe Lauria
The Judicial Kidnapping of Julian Assange
https://www.mintpressnews.com/john-pilger-the-judicial-kidnapping-of-julian-assange/279238/
by John Pilger
The Execution of Julian Assange
https://www.mintpressnews.com/chris-hedges-execution-julian-assange/279244/
by Chris Hedges
Manufacturing Contempt for Assange: How the Media Made
WikiLeaks Founder into a Scapegoat
https://www.mintpressnews.com/manufacturing-contempt-assange-media-made-wikileaks-founder-scapegoat/279257/
by Lowkey
"Vaccine Injury is Everywhere": Extraordinary New Chart from "
"OpenVAERS". Charts and Graphs to Help People Understand the
https://www.globalresearch.ca/extraordinary-new-chart-warrior-mamas-openvaers/5765272
by Toby Rogers
Danish Study Reveals All Variants Mostly Infect The "Fully
Vaccinated" & Pfizer's Hidden Safety Data
https://www.thelastamericanvagabond.com/danish-study-reveals-all-variants-mostly-infect-fully-vaccinated-pfizers-hidden-safety-data/
with Author Ryan Cristián
Austria Hiring People to “Hunt Down Vaccine Refusers”
https://www.globalresearch.ca/austria-hiring-people-hunt-down-vaccine-refusers/5765276
Biden White House Slammed
for Bizarre Statement Targeting Unvaccinated
https://www.globalresearch.ca/biden-white-house-slammed-bizarre-statement-targeting-unvaccinated/5765279
by Matthew Williams
Bombshell Document Dump on Pfizer Vaccine Data
https://www.globalresearch.ca/bombshell-document-dump-pfizer-vaccine-data/5763397
by Global Research
The Omicron Delusion: Fauci and Biden Are Pathological Liars
https://www.globalresearch.ca/fauci-biden-pathological-liars/5765246
by Dr. Paul Craig Roberts
Video: Why Life Jackets Should Be Mandatory!
https://www.globalresearch.ca/video-why-life-jackets-should-be-mandatory/5765356
with JP
(5:39 & 7:52)
Video: Covid-19 Simulation vs. Covid-19 Realit
https://www.globalresearch.ca/video-covid-19-simulation-vs-covid-19-reality/5765367
by Global Research News
How Awesome is ‘Awesome’? America’s Underperforming Military
https://scheerpost.com/2021/12/21/how-awesome-is-awesome-americas-underperforming-military/
by Andrew Bacevich
« Confirmation Bias »
http://www.informationclearinghouse.info/56943.htm
by Stephen F. Eisenman
The Pentagon’s 20-Year Killing Spree
Has Always Treated Civilians as Expendable
by Norman Solomon
Balhaf: The Oil Port Where UAE Loots Yemen
and Imprisons and Tortures Yemenis
https://www.mintpressnews.com/balhaf-oil-port-uae-loots-yemen-imprisons-tortures-yemenis/279288/
by Ahmed Abdulkareem
Chaos in Europe: US Military Contractors Prepare Chemical Attack
in Eastern Ukraine?
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Unveiled Documents Expose Countless Civilian Deaths
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Phantom Empire: The illusionary nature of U.S. military power https://www.defensepriorities.org/explainers/phantom-empire-the-illusionary-nature-of-us-military-power
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Libya's Presidential Mess A Direct Result Of Foreign Meddling
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“Every Option Is on the Table”:
US Prepping for Libya-Style Intervention in Ethiopia
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“Africa is A Busy Political Arena” With Numerous Players:
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by Kester Kenn Klomegah
AFRICOM, the US Africa Command, Tool of U.S. Global Hegemony
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by Ann Garrison
Frederick Douglass and American Empire in Haiti
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by Peter James Hudson
The Black Misleadership Class Attempts to Obfuscate
their Carceral State Correlation with the Bogeyman of “white
wokeness"
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by Anthony Karefa Rogers-Wright
http://www.blackagendareport.com/indigenous-peoples-land-stolen-fair-and-square
by Mark P. Fancher
Humanitarian Hawks Demand War on Ethiopia,
National Guard Deploys to the Horn
http://www.blackagendareport.com/humanitarian-hawks-demand-war-ethiopia-national-guard-deploys-horn
Lynch Law in America, Ida B. Wells-Barnett, 1900
http://www.blackagendareport.com/essay-lynch-law-america-ida-b-wells-barnett-1900
by Black Agenda Review
How To Create A Health Care Crisis
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On the Fundamental Differences Between
Capitalist “Democracy” and Socialist Democracy
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by Danny Haiphong
Extinction: The Gerry Mander
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Gaps in government oversight have kept hospitals from being held
accountable as points of high COVID spread.
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The Real Antidote to Inflation
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US, Japan Draft Plans To Set Up Attack Base
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with Ryan Cristián
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The Marshall Islands, officially the Republic of the Marshall Islands (Marshallese: Aolepān Aorōkin M̧ajeļ), is an island country and a United States associated state near the equator in the Pacific Ocean, slightly west of the International Date Line Marshall Islands Tourism: TripAdvisor has 503 reviews of Marshall Islands Hotels, Attractions, and Restaurants making it your best Marshall Islands resource
Land. None of the 29 low-lying coral atolls and the five coral islands in the Marshall group rises to more than 20 feet (six metres) above high tide. The islands are coral caps set on the rims of submerged volcanoes rising from the ocean floor The Marshall Islands are a group of atolls and reefs in the Pacific Ocean, about half-way between Hawaii and Australia.. Understand []. The Visitors Authority has a Tourist Office in the centre of Majuro which is the only really operational and useful establishment on the island (and off it) More information about the Marshall Islands is available on the Marshall Islands Page and from other Department of State publications and other sources listed at the end of this fact sheet The Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) is about midway between Hawaii and Australia. First settled by Micronesian navigators, they were subsequently controlled (some say exploited) by Spain and Germany, and finally by Japan. Prior to the beginning of World War II, the Japanese fortified some of.
Escape from the city. With around 5,000 visitors a year, the Republic of the Marshall Islands is among the world's least-visited countries.While this presents boundless opportunities for cultural immersion, it also translates to a dearth of restaurants and infrastructure: even the big city of Majuro has just two hotels After almost four decades under US administration as the easternmost part of the UN Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, the Marshall Islands attained independence in 1986 under a Compact of Free Association The Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) was a district of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (TTPI) which the United States administered on behalf of the United Nations from 1947 until 1978 Dec 02, 2015 · EBEYE, Marshall Islands — Linber Anej waded out in low tide to haul concrete chunks and metal scraps to shore and rebuild the makeshift sea wall in front of his home. The temporary barrier is no.
Marshall Islands - Wikipedi
The Marshall Islands Are Disappearing . Most of the Marshall Islands rise less than six feet above sea level. For the residents, the destructive power of the rising seas is already an inescapable.
Under the Compact of Free Association, U.S. citizens do not need a visa to enter the Marshall Islands. For international flights departing Amata Kabua International Airport in Majuro, there is a departure fee of $20 for individuals aged 13 through 59
The Marshall Islands were settled by Micronesians in the 2nd millennium BC. Little is known of this early history. People traveled by canoe between islands using traditional stick charts
Marshall Islands facts: Official web sites of Marshall Islands, links and information on Marshall Islands's art, culture, geography, history, travel and tourism, cities, the capital city, airlines, embassies, tourist boards and newspapers
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Marshall Islands 2019: Best of Marshall Islands Tourism
The Marshall Islands, east of the Carolines, are divided into two chains: the western, or Ralik, group, including the atolls Jaluit, Kwajalein, Wotho, Bikini, and Eniwetok; and the eastern, or Ratak, group, including the atolls Mili, Majuro, Maloelap, Wotje, and Likiep. The islands are of coral reef. The Office of Website Management, Bureau of Public Affairs, manages this site as a portal for information from the U.S. State Department. External links to other Internet sites should not be construed as an endorsement of the views or privacy policies contained therein
Find cheap flights to Marshall Islands. Expedia offers the Expedia Price Guaranteed on a huge selection of flight deals to Marshall Islands. Compare and save money today Map of Marshall Islands and travel information about Marshall Islands brought to you by Lonely Planet
Marshall Islands Map, Flag, History, & Facts Britannica
Find great deals on eBay for marshall islands. Shop with confidence The numerous atolls that make up the island nation are now regularly swamped due to sea level rise. But as more people flee for the US, many fear their culture will be lost to a country that has. Hotel Marshall Islands Resort Beach. This property is either next to the beach or will have its own private access. Beach Airport shuttle. Airport shuttle available at no extra charge
CITIZENS OF THE FEDERATED STATES OF MICRONESIA (FSM), THE REPUBLIC OF THE MARSHALL ISLANDS (RMI), AND PALAU ARE ELIGIBLE TO WORK IN THE UNITED STATES INDEFINITELY Immigration Status of Citizens of the FSM, the RMI and Palau These three countries are sometimes referred to collectively as the. Majuro (/ ˈ m æ dʒ ər oʊ /; Marshallese: Mājro [mʲæzʲ(ɛ͡ʌ)rˠɤ͡oo̯]) is the capital and largest city of the Marshall Islands.It is also a large coral atoll of 64 islands in the Pacific Ocean
Marshall Islands - Wikitrave
UPDATED Apr 13, 2019 - Things to Do in Marshall Islands, South Pacific: See TripAdvisor's 104 traveler reviews and photos of Marshall Islands tourist attractions
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Mission. U.S. Army Garrison - Kwajalein Atoll conducts base operations and installation management functions in support of a diverse community of military, Dept. of the Army Civilians and contract.
The Marshall Islands, a string of atolls in the central Pacific Ocean, has an ambitious plan to fight rising sea levels: Raise the islands. Raising our islands is a daunting task but one that.
The Marshall Islands consist of two chains of 29 coral atolls, and are located north of the equator, between Hawaii and Australia. On each atoll there are a number of islands.The Marshall Islands have been occupied by humans since the Micronesians arrived in the second millennium BCE
ute reports and videos from AccuWeather.co
Comprehensive source of information about DHL Marshall Islands. Here you'll find office addresses, shipping guidelines and restrictions, drop-off and collection points for DHL Express shipments, key local facts and more
U.S. Recognition of Marshall Islands, 1986. The United States recognized the independence of the Marshall Islands on October 21, 1986, when the Compact of Free Association between the U.S. and the Republic of the Marshall Islands entered into force, ending the Marshall Islands' former status as a United Nations Strategic Trust Territory Get Marshall Islands jobs as soon as they're posted Close. Sign up for a Monster account, and we'll send jobs and job-search advice right to your inbox Republic of the Marshall Islands Web Forum. These beautiful islands are a collection of 1,225 islands and islets of which only five are single islands Marshall Islands is an independent republic located in the South Pacific between New Guinea and Hawaii. The nation is a collection of 29 atolls made up of over 1,000 islands, and 5 additional remote islands Current local time in Marshall Islands - Majuro. Get Majuro's weather and area codes, time zone and DST. Explore Majuro's sunrise and sunset, moonrise and moonset
Marshall Islands Map / Geography of the Marshall Islands
U.S. Army Kwajalein Atoll/Kwajalein Missile Range (USAKA/KMR) is a remote (located in the Republic of the Marshall Islands), secure activity of the Major Range and Test Facility Base as constituted by DoD Iakwe! Welcome to the official website of the Embassy of the Republic of the Marshall Islands (Marshall Islands) to the United States of America in Washington, D.C From the Islands to the Ozarks. Migrants from the Marshall Islands have flocked to northwest Arkansas for a better and healthier life, but struggle to shake their homeland's legacy By plane []. Air travel between the islands is provided by Air Marshall Islands. However, the company is fraught with financial and technical problems, and one or both of the two planes in the fleet are often grounded for days, weeks or months at a time
22 Things to Know Before You Go: The Marshall Islands
Marshall Islands is not a party to the Hague Convention on Protection of Children and Co-operation in Respect of Intercountry Adoption (Hague Adoption Convention). ). Intercountry adoptions of children from non-Hague countries are processed in accordance with 8 Code of Federal Regulations, Section 204.3 as it relates to orphans as defined under the Immigration and Nationality Act, Section 1 Marshall Islands time now. Marshall Islands time zone and map with current time in the largest cities
ABOUT THIS VIDEO:- The Marshall Islands is an island country located near the equator in the Pacific Ocean, slightly west of the International Date Line. Geographically, the country is part of the. Nestled along a backstreet behind the courthouse in downtown Majuro, capital of the Marshall Islands, is a mosque that looks like any other mosque in the world. A cinder block building, covered. What is it like to live on the Marshall islands as an expat? In this expat interview, Sara will show you the real expat life on Majuro, Marshall Islands. You'll find out not only cost of living on the Marshall Islands, but also moving procedures, overcoming culture shocks and things to do on the Marshall Islands An island country in the central Pacific Ocean. Inhabited by Micronesian peoples, the islands were sighted by Spanish explorers in the early 1500s and were governed successively by Spain, Germany, and Japan before being captured in 1944 by the United States during World War II
Yokwe! Welcome to the Majuro Weather Service Office! The Pacific Region of the National Weather Service administers the programs and facilities of the NWS throughout a large expanse of the Pacific This page links all WHO information to its response on the Public Health Emergency of International Concern The Marshall Islands, officially the Republic of the Marshall Islands, is a Micronesian island nation in the western Pacific Ocean, located north of Nauru and Kiribati, east of the Federated States of Micronesia and south of the U.S. territory of Wake Island
MARSHALL ISLANDS Republic of the Marshall Islands Major City: Majuro EDITOR'S NOTE This chapter was adapted from the Department of State Post Report 2001 for Marshall Islands You can explore Majuro from this beach resort while enjoying an outdoor pool, a restaurant, and a beach locale. You'll also want to check out Marshall Islands Visitor Authority and Marshall Islands Capitol, located nearby
Video: Australia - Oceania :: Marshall Islands — The World Factbook
The Marshall Islands U
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Israeli company partners with Marshall Islands to launch digital currency Neema is working with the tiny island nation to allay US regulatory concerns as well as solve technological and logistical.
The Marshall Islands consist of two chains of coral atolls, together with more than 1,000 islets, just north of the Equator. The atolls are coral deposits on the crater rims of submerged volcanoes.
Marshall Islands from The World Bank: Data. The Human Capital Index (HCI) database provides data at the country level for each of the components of the Human Capital Index as well as for the overall index, disaggregated by gender
Background The United States conducted 67 nuclear explosive tests in the Marshall Islands between 1946 and 1958. In 1962, the United States halted atmospheric nuclear explosive tests, like those conducted in the Marshall Islands, and ended all nuclear explosive testing in 1992
With 28 global offices, International Registries, Inc., is the world's most experienced, privately held maritime and corporate registry service provider, specializing in the needs of the shipping and financial services industries across a broad commercial and economic spectrum Wrestler Waylon Muller leads Marshall Islands' Olympic athletes in the Parade of Nations during the Beijing 2008 Opening Ceremonies. Marching with pride the Marshall Islands athletes carry the Olympic hope of their nation. Marshall Islands - Parade of Nations - Opening Ceremony - Beijing 2008 Summer. Marshall Islands Marshall Islands An island country in the central Pacific Ocean. Inhabited by Micronesian peoples, the islands were sighted by Spanish explorers in the early.
The Marshall Islands Are Disappearing - The New York Time
The Marshall Islands are incredibly unique and interesting.One of only four totally Atoll Nations in the world, the Marshall Islands encompasses an area covering 750,000 square miles of crystal clear Pacific ocean Urbanization, Architecture, and the Use of Space The Marshall Islands have rapidly urbanized since the 1960s, first with employment opportunities on Kwajalein and more recently with rapid population expansion on Majuro Latest travel advice for Marshall Islands including safety and security, entry requirements, travel warnings and healt The below is a listing of all partnership initiatives and voluntary commitments where Marshall Islands is listed as a partner or lead entity in the Partnerships for SDGs online platform Address the issue of marine debris and ghost gear through a conservation management measure at Western and Central.
Note: Citations are based on reference standards. However, formatting rules can vary widely between applications and fields of interest or study. The specific requirements or preferences of your reviewing publisher, classroom teacher, institution or organization should be applied This Guide to Law Online Marshall Islands contains a selection of Marshallese legal, juridical, and governmental sources accessible through the Internet. Links provide access to primary documents, legal commentary, and general government information about specific jurisdictions and topics Republic of the Marshall Islands. Primary contact information along with key agencies and offices for the government of Republic Of The Marshall Islands A third of the Marshall Islands' population has moved to the U.S., leaving a country reeling from high unemployment and the looming effects of climate change. NewsHour Weekend Special.
Marshall Islands - The New York Time
Marshall Islands; Location: Oceania, group of atolls and reefs in the North Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to Papua New Guine
The Republic of the Marshall Islands is a collection of 1,225 islands and islets of which only five are single islands. The rest are grouped into 29 coral atolls and five solitary low coral islands, which together make up more than 10 percent of all the atolls in the world
The Marshall Islands is a chain of small islands located in the Western Pacific. Following a brutal fight between Green Arrow (Oliver Queen) and Merlyn in Star City, a man named Frederick Tuckman (a former Buddhist and friend of Ollie's son, [[Green Arr The Marshall Islands is a chain of small..
Low crime, sunshine, crystal clear water.. what's not to like about the Marshall Islands? Just sunburn, mosquitos, diseases, radioactivity.. Not many tourists visit The Marshall Islands, maybe because they are hard to reach. Or maybe because some of the islands are no-go zones having been used for.
Bikini marshall islands bikini atoll.On the northwest cape of the atoll, adjacent to namu island, the crater bikini clover dating customer service marshall islands formed by the 15 mt castle bravo nuclear lgbt culture in mexico test can be seen, with the
Mar 02, 2014 · Marshall Islanders unable or unwilling to return to traditional home, scene of huge US hydrogen bomb test in 195 The Republic of the Marshall Islands comprises several islands and atolls - many uninhabited - scattered across hundreds of miles in the central Pacific between Hawaii and Papua New Guinea Majuro (Marshall Islands) (AFP) - The far-flung Marshall Islands needs to raise its islands if it is to avoid being drowned by rising sea levels, President Hilda Heine has warned. Plans are underway for national talks on which of the 1,156 islands, scattered over 29 coral atolls, can be elevated in. IOM in the Marshall Islands IOM is an inter-governmental organization known for its dynamic work in the field of migration. The Organization has a global presence with over 450 offices worldwide, including four offices in the north Pacific region
Video: Marshall Islands International Travel Informatio
Marshall Islands From Above While filming for the story on the nuclear waste dump in the Marshall Islands, the ABC's Foreign Correspondent team of Mark Willacy, Greg Nelson, and Ben Hawke amassed more visual The Marshall Islands form a nation of scattered atolls and remote islands, which are known for their marine life and diving opportunities. Many of the atolls are dotted with Flame of the Forest, hibiscus and different-coloured plumeria flowers. There are also at least 160 species of coral. Nov 27, 2015 · Above: The second of 67 American nuclear tests conducted in the Marshall Islands blew 2 million tons of lagoon a mile into the sky at Bikini Atoll in 1946. Nearly 70 years later, a cemetery on. Marshall Islands, officially Republic of the Marshall Islands, independent nation (2015 est. pop. 53,000), in the central Pacific. The Marshalls extend over a 700-mi (1,130-km) area and comprise two major groups: the Ratak Chain in the east, and the Ralik Chain in the west, with a total of 34 atolls, c.900 reefs, and a land area of 70 sq mi (181 sq km) The Marshall Islands are part of the region known as Oceania.They are scattered over about 770,000 square miles (2,000,000 square kilometers). The atolls and islands are made of coral attached to the tops of underwater volcanoes Jurisdictions >> Marshall Islands Offshore Company. Marshall Islands Company. Marshall Islands Company Formation. Benefits of Marshall Islands Offshore Company Worldwide Incorporation Services specializes in Marshall Islands Company Formation and opening bank accounts
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Middle Class Union
Organizing the ‘Consuming Public’ in Post-World War I America
by Mark W Robbins
Publisher: University of Michigan Press
Series: Class : Culture
Middle Class Union argues that the period following World War I was a pivotal moment in the development of middle-class consumer politics in the 20th century. At this time, middle-class Americans politically mobilized to define for society what was fair in the growing consumer marketplace. They projected themselves as guardians of the producerist values of hard work, honesty, and thrift, and called for greater adherence to them among the working and elite classes. In this era and in later periods, they flexed their muscles as consumers, and claimed to defend the values of the nation.
Combining social history with interdisciplinary approaches to the study of consumption and symbolic space, Middle Class Union illustrates how acts of consumption, representations of the middle class in literary, journalistic, and artistic discourses, and ground-level organizing combined to enable white-collar activists to establish themselves as both the middle class and the backbone of the nation. This book contributes to labor history by examining the nexus of class and consumption to show how many white-collar workers drew on their consumer identity to express an anti-labor politics, later facilitating the struggles of unions throughout the post–World War I years. It also contributes to political history by emphasizing how these middle-class activists laid important groundwork for both 1920s business conservatism and New Deal liberalism. They exerted their political influence well before the post–World War II period, when a self-interested and powerful middle-class consumer identity is more widely acknowledged to have taken hold.
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schulgeld waldorfschule corona
Urban South Africa has highly developed traditions in the full range of arts and humanities genres and disciplines, long supported by government and the liberal universities, among the most prominent in Africa. As South Africa lies in the Southern Hemisphere, Christmas falls in the middle of Summer. It also is not recommended to photograph the local people without their permission, as well as to try to enter someoneâs home without invitation. Since the 70's, rhino numbers have dwindled some 90%. Among black South Africans, a substantial number of rural inhabitants lead largely impoverished lives.It is among these people, however, that cultural traditions survive most strongly; as South Africans have become increasingly urbanized and Westernised, aspects of traditional culture have declined. Classic and casual styles …, When people talk with European habitants it is not necessary to look point-blank at them, it can seem to be the sign of aggression. Today, the various population groups form a unique multiracial and multicultural society after the demise of apartheid. The night preceding a South African funeral service, a vigil is held usually in the home of the deceased until the morning. When dealing with foreigners, most South Africans shake hands while maintaining eye contact and smiling. The South Africa people are a very diverse people in a diverse nation. This will include a brief review at what really constitutes African culture, tradition and custom, and what is a colonial or imperial construct which is now regarded as African culture, tradition … The culture of South Africa is known for its ethnic and cultural diversity. Some we’ll never know about, but others we’ve been lucky enough to catch a glimpse of. With so many unique groups comes quite a few fascinating tribal traditions. Of all the events of the list of music festivals in South Africa, Splashy … Culture and expression of identity: The Ndebele of South Africa . Tourists in South Africa must avoid …, Traveling to the Republic of South Africa with children can be an impressive experience for the whole family. Boxing Day, December 26th, is also a public holiday, and a day for relaxation. South African cultural museums: rich traditions and history all over . Of the rhino species remaining today, all are on the endangered list. Of the 51.7 million South Africans, over 41 million are black, 4.5 million are white, 4.6 … This will include a brief review at what really constitutes African culture, tradition and custom, and what is a colonial or imperial construct which is now regarded as African culture, tradition … If the local people do not feel any threat or aggression from the side of foreigners, they will behave in a very friendly and open manner. It is important to be aware of the diversity of traditions and practices regarding etiquette in South Africa. South Africa is one of the most multicultural countries in the world. Eleven languages are considered the country’s official languages. Boxing Day, December 26th, is also a public holiday, and a day for relaxation. The middle class in South Africa lead similar lives to those in the Western world. So much to the extent that there are quite a number of languages consi… Some women do not shake hands and merely nod their head, so it is best to wait for a woman to extend her hand. South African Society & Culture . Shopping in South Africa - best shopping places, what to buy. Keepers of South Africa and its peoples traditions arenumerous shamans and witch doctors, and their faith is based on the worship of the supreme forces of nature and the male deity, which gives the right to life and the people and plants, and animals. …, This article about national traditions in South Africa is protected by the copyright law. Traditional African Religions. The earliest known religion in South Africa was the traditional beliefs and practices of the Khoisan people, who resided in the region for centuries. The Rainbow Nation. Traditional foods such as Breyani and Bobotie have become SA favourites. The South African society is highly multicultural and many of its activities are rooted deeply in traditions. The rhino, one of Africa's biggest mammals, was almost on the brink of extinction a few years back. The artists, who are involved into these street processions and performances, are so skilled in the art of make-up that sometimes it is very difficult to …, When communicating with the local residents tourists should not be aggressive. Traditions of Africa. We live in an amazing age where global travel is relatively quick … Their culture has survived for long because of the considerable amount of inhabitants in rural parts of the country. South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa.With over 59 million people, it is the world's 23rd-most populous nation and covers an area of 1,221,037 square kilometres (471,445 square miles). The Ndebele people are well-known for their beautifully decorated homes using colourful geometrical designs. Homes are decorated with pine branches and the traditional fir Christmas Tree, waiting to be surrounded by presents, and stockings adorn the mantle, hanging in anticipation to be filled with fruits, sweets, toys and other goodies. With a population of over 52 million, and an enormous assortment of ethnicities and cultures, it is not surprising that South Africa boasts some of the most captivating customs and traditions in the world. 3.8K likes. Learn or review dining etiquette for South Africa. In order to look like Afro Americans, artists covered their faces with a thick layer of make-up. Today the church, as opposed to the mainstream European churches, combines the aspects of African traditions with the values of Christianity. Rhino. Inventing “African Traditions” in South Africa Many South Africans like to talk about their traditions, and their cultures, as specific to their particular ethno-linguistic group (for example Zulu, Xhosa, or Pedi). Other ethnic groups in South Africa include the Shangaan, Swazi, Venda, Chinese, Cape Malay, European and the Indi… In 2016, the South Africans celebrat… Yet many also feel them to be general enough (if they are black South Africans of indigenous African origin) to be considered “African”.1 […] 1. The AmaXhosa settled in the Eastern Cape and over time spread to the Western Cape. When it comes to clothes, there are no strict rules here. Through the works of established academics and writers we delve into history, customs and the blending of different ways of life in a cultural landscape that is uniquely South African. Here numerous ethnic groups live together celebrating their many different traditions and cultures. Indian and Chinese communities e… A funeral is not just an event to remember those we’ve lost, but for many around the globe, it is an opportunity to reflect. The Ndebele of South Africa constitute one group of people whose identity has survived precarious conditions and existential crisis under the weight of changing power dynamics of internal and external factors from pre-colonial to present times. Dec. 16: Day of Reconciliation Caroling is another popular Christmas tradition, and groups of carolers can be found throughout their neighborhoods and on street corners signing their carols. South Africa - South Africa - Cultural life: Blending Western technology with indigenous technology, Western traditions with African and Asian traditions, South Africa is a study in contrasts. There’s no ‘White Christmas’, but rather a colorful season of beautiful, blooming wild flowers and lush green grass. The language spoken by the majority of the people, especially native South Africans is Zulu which is spoken by 23% of the population followed by Xhosa and Afrikaans at 16% and 14% respectively. Kenya region and can add that Africa is a big continent with different tribes in different countries and so are the cultures norms and taboos. Related Page. South Africans are a diverse mix of peoples from Africa, Europe, Asia and elsewhere, and the many museums scattered around the country preserve rich histories, heritages and cultural traditions. Certain Christmas Eve celebrations in larger cities include “Carols by Candlelight.”. Holiday Traditions in South Africa Video by Lifey The South African culture has developed a unique fusion … Desserts include Christmas plum pudding, Christmas Crackers, and a traditional dish called Malva Pudding, or Lekker Pudding. The other three are AmaNdebele, AmaSwazi and AmaZulu. Family is the most important part of every culture here. The Xhosa nation is made up of tribes and clans. This feature appeared owing to religious rules, in accordance with them left hand …, What you need to know about South Africa prior to visit - advices, What to see and what to visit in South Africa with children. The country’s cuisine is meat-based and the braai, or barbecue, is a well-known gathering. What aspects of South African culture does Trevor wish he could bring to America? This day is a celebration of that diversity. A funeral is not just an event to remember those we’ve lost, but for many around the globe, it is an opportunity to reflect. South Africa is a country amazing in many ways. Desserts include Christmas plum pudding, Christmas Crackers, and a traditional dish called Malva Pudding, or Lekker Pudding. The energy, dynamism, and bold colors are used during the season of New Year, and especially on New Years Eve, this makes South Africa the … New Year in South Africa is celebrated according to the Georgian calendar on its first date of January 1st. It has 11 official languages, including English, so most locals are fluent in it. Bantu-speaking groups introduced further religious traditions to the region in 1000 CE. The Wake. Desserts include Christmas plum pudding, Christmas Crackers, and a traditional dish called Malva Pudding, or Lekker Pudding. A strong will to transform and thrive and a passion for sharing and caring for each other, is noticeable wherever we go. The energy, dynamism, and bold colors are used during the season of New Year, and especially on New Years Eve, this makes South Africa the … There are several greeting styles in South Africa depending upon the ethnic heritage of the person you are meeting. Lobola is an ancient and controversial Southern African tradition in … Some of the best vineyards in South Africa are around Franschoek, Paarl, Stellenbosch, and Barrydale. Other ethnic groups in South Africa include the Shangaan, Swazi, Venda, Chinese, Cape Malay, European and the Indian culture in South Africa. The traditional Christmas lunch, rather than Christmas dinner, is eaten outside in the summer sun and often constitutes a barbecue, or “braai”. Bushmen have a number of customs and traditions, which can be found on the tour in South Africa: The Zulu culture is best known for its excellent beadwork and ferocious shield-bearing warriors. Splashy Fen Music Festival. The Xhosa culture is known for its style of sophisticated clothing. T T he AmaXhosa are one of four nations, known as Nguni, that are found in South Africa. In urban areas many different ethnic groups will make up the population. South African Dining Etiquette. However, with a sizeable number of South Africans becoming overwhelmingly westernized, as with most parts of Africa, the thriving of cultures in South Africa has seen a major decline in recent times. From the San people of South Africa all the way up to the Berbers in Morocco, Africa is the origin of myriad tribes – in fact, there’s estimated to be about 3,000. This tradition has steadily moved to the modern carnival. Other languages in that family are still spoken, but are considered endangered. Wildlife. With a population of over 52 million, and an enormous assortment of ethnicities and cultures, it is not surprising that South Africa boasts some of the most captivating customs and traditions in the world. South Africa - South Africa - Cultural institutions: The South African National Gallery, home to 19th–20th-century African art and 16th–20th-century European art, and the District Six Museum, which honours an interracial bohemian enclave that was destroyed by government decrees during the apartheid era, are in Cape Town. You can re-use the content, but only under the condition of placement of an active link to, The main theme of these street performances was the same - local artists tried to portray the customs and way of life of black people, often showing them as stupid and clumsy people. African Tribes, Travel & Etiquette. From rural KwaZulu-Natal to the vibrant heart of the Johannesburg metropolitan, fascinating lifestyles and ideals abound. In the apartheid regime where traditional beliefs were mocked and rejected, thChristianity is the primary belief system in South Africa, with Protestantism being the largest denomination. South Africa takes on super-power qualities when looked at from an African perspective. That doesn’t mean you shouldn’t expect a visit from Santa Claus, known as Sinterklass, or Saint Nicholas, and Kersvader, Father Christmas, for those who speak Afrikaans. So come and enjoy a hands-on introduction to South Africa’s rainbow of culture! Because of the wealth of game in the area they also enjoy venison and crocodile, which they bake in a delicious groundnut (peanut) sauce. Kruger National Park is a popular destination for holiday vacationers. The influence of European and Arab cultures, has also provided a taste of uniqueness to the culture of Africa. All cultures have their own unique relationship to death and mourning. Personal Blog The South African culture is no doubt one of the most diverse in the world. From rural KwaZulu-Natal to the vibrant heart of the Johannesburg metropolitan, fascinating lifestyles and ideals abound. South Africa has three capital cities: executive Pretoria, judicial Bloemfontein and legislative Cape Town. More European traditions, brought over by Dutch colonists, can be found as well. The culture of the country is very diverse: cultures of many African peoples such as the Zulu, Swazi, Tsonga, and others, as well as peoples with mixed African, Asian and European blood, are intertwined here. Funeral traditions in South Africa. The Cape Carnival at New Year is a celebration of this culture. 1. Business Culture in South Africa . 3. As for South Africans it is opposite situation again â wandering look is sign of unrespect, so it is necessary to look straight to eyes talking. You cannot use this module until you edit the available options. If central Africa is poised to take off from an economic perspective then South Africa should be seen as the continent’s engine. The Shangaan people, through Tsonga influence, are one of the few ethnic groups in South Africa to practice fishing and include fish in their diet. Some of the most unique views on death and spirituality can be found when we turn our gaze to Africa. Some of the most unique views on death and spirituality can be found when we turn our gaze to Africa. 2. Similar to Irish funeral traditions, pictures, mirrors, and other reflective surfaces are turned over or covered.The deceased’s bed also is removed from their room. The population of South Africa is composed of people from different backgrounds, speaking different languages. It is not recommended to pass money or other things with left hand â it is the sign of unrespect. The Sotho culture is famous for its organized villages and marriages. All cultures have their own unique relationship to death and mourning. However, as giving is done year-round in South Africa, gift-giving is not the major highlight of the season. Little wonder why they are called the “Rainbow Nation”. SouthAfrica.co.za tells the stories of these cultures. Yet at one time, the area was populated only by an original group of indigenous people: the Khoisan Bushmen. There are small groups of Khoisan language speakers. Where else could you see such a cultural …, Before traveling to the Republic of South Africa, it is important to find out where to buy food, souvenirs, clothes, and stuff at favorable prices. Nelson Mandela used the phrase "rainbow nation" to describe South Africa's diverse cultures, customs, traditions, histories, and languages. Boxing Day, December 26th, is also a public holiday, and a day for relaxation. The Sotho culture is famous for its organized villages and marriages. Topics for include, among others, mealtimes and typical food, national drinks, toasts, table manners, tipping etiquette, business lunch etiquette, host etiquette, guest etiquette, regional differences, dining etiquette in the home, and dining etiquette at a restaurant. The majority of South Africans can speak more than one language. The KhoiKhoi and San firstsettled in the country. culture, traditions and customs with particular reference to South African culture, traditions and customs. South Africa is home to a wide array of vibrant, rich cultures, each with their own deep history. South Africa is the Rainbow Nation, a title that captures the country's cultural and ethnic diversity.The population of South Africa is one of the most complex and diverse in the world. Some gestures have their own meaning. Needless to say, when you visit, make sure to plan accordingly, because it’s impossible to see all South Africa has to offer in … Africa is a huge continent; in fact, it’s the second largest on the planet, and South Africa is one of the largest countries on the continent – about five times the size of the UK. In the past several years, dozens of South African boys have died and scores of others have been hospitalized as a result of circumcision-related infections and other complications. Schools are closed for the entire month of December, along with many businesses. Thanks for the view, but Africa has wide and rich culture am a Kenyan Bantu from Mt. Africa is not Kenya, … 4. Funeral traditions in South Africa. South African Traditions, Ga-Mokopane, Limpopo, South Africa. Putting a price on the bride. Holiday Traditions in South Africa Video by Lifey South Africa is today a country of many cultures, languages and traditions. Main dishes include turkey, duck, or roast beef, served with a variety of side dishes like mince pies, suckling pig, yellow rice, raisins, and vegetables. As you have read in the above paragraphs, African culture is mixed with the innumerable tribes and ethnic groups. New Year in South Africa is celebrated according to the Georgian calendar on its first date of January 1st. Outdoor activities are a favorite pastime in South Africa, so this is a time for planning trips to the beach or camping out in the countryside, as well as visiting friends and family. Botched circumcisions by traditional surgeons have led to highly publicized deaths and injuries. The black majority in South Africa are where most traditions survive. They need to be friendly and quite restrained. culture, traditions and customs with particular reference to South African culture, traditions and customs. The first official languages were English and Dutch. Norms and etiquette can vary between different ethnicities, linguistic groups and religions.If unsure of the correct etiquette in certain circumstances, do not hesitate to ask your South African counterpart or at least observe the people around you for guidance. The Republic of South Africa is a developing country, and the quality of the water is far from ideal here.
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Encyclopedia > Harald III
Harald III of Norway
Redirected from Harald III
Harald III (b.1015�d. Stamford bridge, England, September 25, 1066), king of Norway from ca. 1040 together with the son of Olav Haroldsson (St. Olav), Magnus the Noble. After King Magnus's death in 1047, Harold became the sole king. In 1066 he was killed in a battle against King Harold Godwinson of England at Stamford bridge outside the city of York, England. King Harold's brother Tostig Godwinson was fighting on King Harald's side against Harold and some of their other brothers.
Surnamed Haardraade (English: "Hardraada"), which might be translated "hard reign", he was the son of King Sigurd and half-brother of King Olaf the Saint. At the age of fifteen he was obliged to flee from Norway, having taken part in the Battle of Stiklestad[?] (1030), in which King Olaf met his death. He took refuge for a short time with Prince Yaroslav[?] of Novgorod (a Russian kingdom then, now a city, founded by Scandinavians), and thence went to Constantinople, where he took service under the Empress Zoe of Byzantium, whose Varangian guard he led to frequent victory in Italy, Sicily, and North Africa, also penetrating to Jerusalem.
In the year 1042 he left Constantinople, supposedly because he was refused the hand of a princess, and on his way back to his own country he married Ellisif or Elizabeth, daughter of Yaroslav of Novgorod. In Sweden he allied himself with the defeated Sven[?] of Denmark against his nephew Magnus, now king of Norway, but soon broke faith with Sven and accepted an offer from Magnus of half his kingdom. In return for this gift Harald is said to have shared with Magnus the enormous treasure which he had amassed in the East.
The death of Magnus in 1047 put an end to the growing jealousies between the two kings, and Harald turned all his attention to the task of subjugating Denmark, which he ravaged year after year; but he met with such stubborn resistance from Sven that in 1064 he gave up the attempt and made peace. Two years afterwards, possibly instigated by the banished Earl Tostig of Northumbria, he attempted the conquest of England, to the sovereignty of which his predecessor had advanced a claim as successor of Harthacanute. In September 1066 he landed in Yorkshire with a large army, reinforced from Scotland, Ireland, and the Orkney Islands; took Scarborough by casting flaming brands into the town from the high ground above it; defeated the Northumbrian forces at Fulford[?] on 20 September; and entered York on the 24th of September. But the following day the English King Harold arrived from the south, and the end of the long day�s fight at Stamford Bridge saw the rout of the Norwegian forces after the fall of their king. Harald and Tostig were both killed in battle.
He was only fifty years old, but he was the first of the six kings who had ruled Norway since the death of Harald Haarfagre to reach that age. As a king he was unpopular on account of his harshness and want of good faith, but his many victories in the face of great odds prove him to have been a remarkable general, of never-failing resourcefulness and indomitable courage.
Popular non-fiction books that discuss Hardraada's significant role in shaping English history include:
1066 The Year of the Conquest (�1977) by David Howarth (ISBN 0-88029-014-5)
The Making of the King 1066 (�1966) by Alan Lloyd (ISBN 0-88029-473-6)
Based on an article from 1911 EB
Preceded by:
Magnus I List of Norwegian monarchs Succeeded by:
Magnus II
Reformed churches
... called Reformed Baptist[?] churches, adhere to modified Reformed confessions, and have Baptist views of the sacraments and of church government. Congregationalist ...
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BENVENUTI, Jürgen
Jürgen Benvenuti, born in Bregenz in 1972, now lives in Vienna where he writes thrillers and detective stories. In her interview from Volume 4 Number 2, Ulrike Längle discusses the work of the Vorarlerber Litaraturarchiv and of how Jürgen Benvenuti began his writing career:
"On the one hand then, new publications by authors from Vorarlberg are introduced on a regular basis. On the other hand, we sponsor other events; for example, in conjunction with the writers' union, we have introduced new authors. The first event was called "Wachablöse" [Changing of the Guard], and it was quite bold. They were young, unknown authors from Vorarlbert. One of them, his name is Jürgen Benvenuti, was completely unknown at the time. He was a young man with tatoos on his head, completely bald. he stepped up to the podium holding a beer bottle in his hand and read from the manuscript of a novel. In the meantime he has published three thrillers with Deuticke publishers in Vienna and is considered by the Viennese in-group to be a sought-after and chic writer of thrillers. And that was his first reading here.
At one point he had sent some texts to me--I still remember it quite well--and I had no idea who he was. He wrote in his letter that he was writing short stories and would like to send msome of them to me and whether I could tell him if they amounted to anything. And he didn't believe that I would call him anyway, but just in case he wrote down his telephone number. The texts were like American short stories, quite amusing. And I thought if the telephone number is right there, then I'll just give him a call. As a result, he sent me more stories and then dropped by here.
During this visit he spoke about himself, for example that he hasn't univeristy entrance qualifications, has hitch-hiked about the world, would like to work as a writer--and if I couldn't do something for him. I explained to him that it would be difficult. But there is a magazine, called Kultur, which is focused on Vorarlberg. I placed him in one issue as a literary contribution. I also told him that I could do a reading, but that for a completely unknown writer, who had not yet published anythnig, perhaps ten people would show up. Then I had this thought that we could simply have several writers reading together along with a podium discussion on the position of young writers in Vorarlberg. The head of the lietarature studio from the radio station was there as well as somebody from the writers' union. On this occasion Jürgen Benvenuti was presented to the public for the first time, and he continued to write and to send me his texts. Finally, he finished his first thriller."
Schrottplatzblues (Junkyard Blues ): Vol. 4, No. 2
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« The Scuds of 1991 and Jewish self-defense
No right of return: in principle as well as practice »
The demand for recognition is essential
Uriel Heilman said,
There is something of the absurd in the recent flurry of activity in Israel to ensure that it is recognized as a Jewish state…
Is Israel so insecure about its identity that it needs others, particularly its adversaries, the Palestinians, to tell it what kind of a country it is? If Israel wants to be a Jewish state, let it be so. It shouldn’t need anyone else to affirm it. Israel should worry more about its own citizens, Arab and haredi, who have a problem with its self-declared identity.
On the contrary, it is not only not absurd, it is absolutely essential.
The Arabs and others who refuse to recognize Israel as a Jewish state — or, in another formulation, as the state of the Jewish People — do so because they refuse to admit that there is a Jewish people.
Here are some Palestinian comments made last month in response to PM Netanyahu’s statement that there would be no progress in talks with Palestinians until they recognized Israel as a Jewish state:
Omar al-Ghul, an adviser to PA Prime Minister Salaam Fayad, said that Netanyahu’s demand was aimed at transferring the Palestinians to another country.
“No Palestinian leader can ever accept this demand even if the whole world recognizes Israel as a Jewish state,” he stressed. “The state of Israel belongs to all its citizens, the Palestinians [sic] owners of the land and the Jews living there.”
Hafez Barghouti, editor of the PA’s daily mouthpiece, Al-Hayat Al-Jadeeda, said that Netanyahu’s demand was aimed at expelling the Arab citizens of Israel and turning Jerusalem into a Jewish city.
“Netanyahu wants to replace the Palestinian kaffiyeh with a Jewish kippa,” Barghouti said. “This is an irrational and absurd request. No country in the world has ever demanded that it be recognized on the basis of its religion and not political entity.” (my emphasis)
Palestinians have been consistent in their insistence that ‘Jews’ means ‘practitioners of the Jewish religion’ and nothing else. If there were no Jewish People, this would be very convenient for the Palestinians, because it would indeed make no sense for a ‘religion’ to ask for a state. Zionism, which demands self-determination for the Jewish People, would be meaningless. By denying that there is a Jewish people, the Arabs are denying Jewish self-determination.
Unfortunately for the Palestinian Arabs — whose own claim to peoplehood is far more tenuous — there is a history and tradition of the Jewish People over thousands of years. 19th-century Zionists, many of whom (including Herzl) were entirely secular, called for a Jewish state to solve the historical problems facing Jews — religious and secular — living among other peoples. The Balfour Declaration, the Mandate, the UN Partition Resolution and Israel’s Declaration of Independence — not to mention the practical self-defense of Israel since then — all declare that there must be a homeland for the Jewish People.
We need to understand the Palestinian position in the context of all of their demands, including ‘right of return’. Practically speaking, what it means when Palestinians deny a Jewish People is that they see Israel as just another Middle Eastern state, which happens to be under the control of Jewish colonialists. But of course the real ‘owners’ will ultimately repossess it.
As long as they do not accept Israel as a Jewish state — a state of the Jewish People — they continue to claim it, and to assert the right to ‘resist’ its ‘unjust’ occupation.
This is actually the first thing needed for peace: an unambiguous admission that we have a right to be here. The rest would be a matter of details.
Technorati Tags: Israel, Jewish People, Jewish State, Palestinians
This entry was posted on Thursday, May 28th, 2009 at 4:03 pm and is filed under General. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. Both comments and pings are currently closed.
3 Responses to “The demand for recognition is essential”
pavelaw says:
I believe that being recognized as a Jewish State, also plays into our policy of no right of return for the Arabs.
SarahSue says:
‘No country in the world has ever demanded that it be recognized on the basis of its religion and not political entity’
In Muslim countries where Islam is the official religion listed in the constitution, sharia is declared to be a source, or the source, of the laws. Examples include Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain, Yemen, and the United Arab Emirates, where the governments derive their legitimacy from Islam. In Pakistan, Egypt, Iran, and Iraq, among others, it is also forbidden to enact legislation that is antithetical to Islam. Saudi Arabia employs one of the strictest interpretations of sharia.
If these islamic countries can decide that sharia law is the law of the land, then Israel can decide that Judaism is the law of the land.
If these countries can call themselves islamic countries, then Israel can call itself a Jewish country.
To say that ‘No country in the world has ever demanded that it be recognized on the basis of its religion and not political entity’ is an absurd and specious argument and should be challenged whenever it is trotted out.
I encourage this blog to research this more fully and reveal how much of a lie is being spread with these arguments that do not hold water when examined and confronted.
Vic Rosenthal says:
Keep in mind, though, that Israel does not purport to be governed by Jewish law or to have an official or established religion. The concept of Jewish state means ‘state of the Jewish people’ — a sovereign state which provides self-determination for the Jewish people, both religious and secular.
Some functions — like marriage and divorce — have been delegated to religious authorities. But this is not only for Jews: Israeli Arabs are married by Muslim authorities, Christians similarly.
But you are quite right that numerous countries define themselves as Muslim nations, and some — like Saudi Arabia — are actually governed according to Shaaria law.
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Also Available for Eleanor Roosevelt:
Bibliography Timeline Lesson Plans MSS
First Lady Biography: Eleanor Roosevelt
Anna Eleanor Roosevelt
Elliott Roosevelt, born 28 February 1860, New York City, New York; heir (although he held no salaried work position, he was called a “sportsman” by his daughter Eleanor Roosevelt, indicating his occupation of big game hunting, his letters about which were later edited and published by her); in his early adulthood he was listed by title as junior partner in a real estate firm, and in 1892, a brief stint at mine development in Abingdon, Virginia; died 14 August 1894, New York City, New York
Anna Rebecca Hall, born 17 March 1863, New York City, New York; married 1 December 1883, Calvary Church, New York; died 7 December 1892, New York City, New York.
A popular debutante and prominent figure among the New York City social elite, Anna Hall Roosevelt often stood out in a crowd with her strikingly upright posture, a stance many attribute to her skill as a horsewoman. She was also unusually athletic and robust, excelling at tennis.
By her era’s conventional standards, she was also considered to be physically beautiful and sometimes described as shallow and vain. Famously, she demeaned her only daughter’s sense of physical esteem by nicknaming the child “Granny,” because little Eleanor did not meet the mother’s expectation of physical beauty.
A Broken Childhood:
Elliott Roosevelt suffered from acute alcoholism and narcotic addiction, perhaps as a result of a vaguely described “nervous sickness” first manifested when he was a young adult. Some speculate that it may have been epilepsy. At 30, he made a trip around the world, and his fellow shipmates were his fourth cousin James Roosevelt and his wife Sara Delano Roosevelt; he soon after served as godfather to their son Franklin who (after Elliott’s death) would become his son-in-law.
Between 1890 and 1891, during what was his third overseas trip, this time with his wife and two children at the time, his family committed Elliott Roosevelt to an asylum in France. A year later, his brother Theodore Roosevelt committed him to the Keeley Center in Dwight, Illinois in an effort to treat his alcohol addiction.
Given her seemingly excellent health, Anna Hall Roosevelt’s sudden death of diphtheria at only 29 years old was a shock to her family and wide circle of New York society friends.
Within a period of just two years, Eleanor Roosevelt’s entire sense of family was decimated. Her mother died when she was eight years old. Her four-year old brother died the following year. Her father died the year after that. A family of five was reduced to two. The emotional toll it would surely have taken on her can only be surmised. She was left orphaned by 9 years and 10 months old. She and her remaining sibling, a second brother Gracie Hall, known as “Hall” (his mother’s maiden name) became the ward of her maternal grandmother, a formidable woman who lived in the Hudson River Valley.
Eldest of four, two brothers, one illegitimate half-brother: Elliott Roosevelt (1889 - 1893), Gracie Hall Roosevelt (28 July 1891- 25 September 1941).
Half-brother: Sometime between 1889 and 1891, Elliott Roosevelt fathered a son by Catherine "Katy" Mann, a German-American servant an Irish-American servant (born 26 September, 1862 Grunstadt Rhineland, Germany, died 13 April 1941, Brooklyn, New York) in the Roosevelt household; little to nothing is known of him, except that Elliott Roosevelt’s brother Theodore Roosevelt recognized the boy as his nephew and arranged a financial settlement with Katy Mann for her son’s care. His mother’s lawyers, however, apparently robbed the trust established for him. As First Lady, Eleanor Roosevelt had some correspondence with her half-brother before his death, just five months before her sole remaining full sibling, Hall.
Before his death, Eleanor Roosevelt’s father had impressed on her the need to look after her brother Hall. She cared for him for the rest of his life. When he was at boarding school, she wrote him daily. When he wished to dissolve his first marriage, he first obtained her permission. Despite his Harvard degree in engineering and superior intelligence, he too fell way to alcoholism. At the end of his life, he lived in a small, discreet home on the property of the President and First Lady and the White House, where his 1941 funeral was held. Eleanor Roosevelt remained close to his four daughters and two sons.
Dutch, English, Irish; Eleanor Roosevelt’s paternal line was descended from a number of the early settlers of New York who emigrated from Holland (see “Marriage and Husband” below for information on the Roosevelt family origins).
Eleanor Roosevelt’s paternal grandfather, Theodore Roosevelt, Sr. (1831-1878) was a prominent New York philanthropist who helped found the New York Orthopedic Hospital and the American Museum of Natural History. A condition he made in helping found the museum was that it be opened seven days a week to make it available to working-class people, who often worked six days a week. He also served on the fundraising committee that paid for the stone pedestal of the Statue of Liberty.
Eleanor Roosevelt’s paternal grandmother Martha Bullock (1835-1884) belonged to a Georgia family that had held many prominent civic and military positions in the colonial, Revolutionary and post-Revolutionary eras and, with her husband, was a slave owner. She died eight months before Eleanor Roosevelt was born.
Eleanor Roosevelt’s maternal grandmother, Mary Livingston Ludlow (1843-1919) was the great-granddaughter of Robert R. Livingston, chancellor of New York, who administered the presidential oath of office to George Washington in 1789 and served on the Second Continental Congress committee which helped draft the Declaration of Independence. However, he did not sign the document due to the potential compromise of his business interests.
Eleanor Roosevelt’s maternal great-grandfather Valentine Hall, Sr. was an immigrant from Ireland to Brooklyn, New York, although his faith and place of origin in Ireland are unknown. The national origins of his wife, also identified as an immigrant, are unclear.
Her Uncle, the President:
Eleanor Roosevelt’s father, Elliott Roosevelt was the brother of President Theodore Roosevelt (27 October 1858 – 6 January 1919; presidency, 1901-1909), making her the niece of the 26th President. Although the genealogy of some other First Ladies can be traced to have distant family connections to Presidents other than their husbands, Eleanor Roosevelt thus has one of the closest blood connections to a President beside her husband. The closest such family relations were of Abigail Adams and Barbara Bush as the mothers of Presidents John Quincy Adams and George W. Bush, respectively, and Anna Harrison as grandmother of Benjamin Harrison. The relation of Louisa Adams to John Adams and Laura Bush to George H.W. Bush were as daughters-in-law, thus by marriage only. Mamie Eisenhower was the grandmother-in-law of Richard Nixon, her grandson David Eisenhower marrying his daughter Julie Nixon.
Five feet, eleven inches in height; dark blonde hair, blue eyes
Among those First Ladies whose physical height is known, Eleanor Roosevelt and Michelle Obama are believed to be the tallest, both chronicled as being five feet, eleven inches in height.
Episcopalian. Although Eleanor Roosevelt would come to learn and respect the tenets of many different Christian sects and other faiths, she remained steadfast in her belief in the teachings of the faith into which she was born, baptized and married. Towards the end of her life, she wrote about her belief that there must be “some going on” after physical death, although she stated that neither she nor any other person could know what form it took.
Private tutoring by Frederic Roser, (approximately 1889-1890). Roser provided lessons to children of wealthy New York families; Eleanor Roosevelt’s mother hired Roser and his assistant, a Miss Tomes, to instruct Eleanor Roosevelt and several of her peers in a room on the upper floor of the Roosevelt home in New York, and the home of her mother’s family in Tivoli, New York, in the Hudson River Valley. Her maternal aunts who were alarmed to discover that Eleanor Roosevelt was unable to read had prompted the training. She was taught grammar, arithmetic, poetry and English literature. Within a few years, she was conversant and able to write well not only French, but Italian, German and Spanish.
Convent School, Italy, (approximately 1890-1891). During the period that she and her family lived in Italy, Eleanor Roosevelt’s father suffered another intense bout of alcoholism and was placed in a French asylum for recovery treatment. Her mother became depressed and, unable to cope with the crisis, placed Eleanor Roosevelt in a convent school. Beyond this fact, little about the experience is known including what, if any, educational training she received there.
Allenswood Girl’s Academy, Wimbledon Common, London, England, (1898-1902). Run by Marie Souvestre, who Eleanor Roosevelt later identified as the first greatest influence on her educational and emotional development, she was taught French, German, Italian, English literature, composition, music, drawing, painting and dance. Although the school did not offer classes in history, geography, and philosophy, Marie Souvestre privately directed Eleanor Roosevelt’s pursuit of these studies.
Souvestre further took her as a travelling companion through France and Italy during school holiday breaks and opened up new worlds to her young student, including impoverished areas of the working-class, away from the typical tourist sights.
Marie Souvestre also openly espoused political views that challenged the status quo, defending the rights of the working-class, an attitude that would greatly shape the later activism of Eleanor Roosevelt. She later called her three years at Allenswood Academy the “happiest years of my life.” In later years, however, Eleanor Roosevelt reflected that the greatest regret of her life was her lack of a college education.
Despite conceding to her grandmother’s direction that she her return to the US to make her social debut, Eleanor Roosevelt became active in the social reform movement of the Progressive Era. She was greatly influenced by the idealized example of the reform-oriented incumbent President, her uncle Theodore Roosevelt. Besides exposing her to the people of an entirely separate socio-economic class from her own and their problems, it taught her the power of organized political reform and the process necessary to legally effect fair labor practices.
Secretary and Teacher, Junior League for the Promotion of Settlement Movements, Rivington Street College Settlement, New York City, New York (1902 – 1903). Although Eleanor Roosevelt was not interested in leading the social life of a debutante as her grandmother and other relatives expected, it was from the circle of other elite class women that she met others like herself who were interested in reform efforts to improve the lives of the impoverished masses that existed within deplorable living and working conditions. These debutantes had coalesced into a formal organization known as the “Junior League,” one of its founders being Mary Harriman Rumsey, a friend of Eleanor Roosevelt’s. A Settlement House was a community center of sorts, a place to help improve lives for these workers, who were largely of the immigrant population by teaching useful skills and lessons to safeguard their own well-being. Different settlement houses were established in densely populated poor areas of cities. Helen Cutting, the mother of one of Eleanor Roosevelt’s friends, volunteered at a Settlement House on Rivington Street on the lower East Side of New York, and this is how the future First Lady was led there. She began her work as a teacher of dance and calisthenics, a way to use physical exercise and movement to improve health after long hours of work in a confined space.
Investigator, The Consumer’s League, New York City, New York (1903-1905). Eleanor Roosevelt followed the lead of her fellow Rivington Street Settlement volunteer Helen Cutting, who also belonged to the National Consumer’s League, by becoming a volunteer investigator for the reform organization. Her work consisted of visiting the tenement apartments where workers both lived and worked under dangerous and unhealthy conditions in these so-called “sweatshops,” her first such visits being to those who were expected to turn out thousands of little artificial flowers that would be used on hats and other clothes for manufacturer’s, but for which they were paid so little money they remained in abject poverty.
The National Consumer’s League had been created in 1898 by socially prominent women who joined in support of milliners who worked in sweatshops and decided to strike against their employer for better wages and working conditions. Eleanor Roosevelt visited workers in their overcrowded and unsanitary tenement apartments, making note of the workload, the physical toll on the workers, and the sanitary and safety conditions of the rooms where they lived and worked. She also helped to create and disseminate publicity in the form of open letters to newspapers, press releases and other forms of media exposure information about the Consumer League’s “White Label” campaign. The “Consumer’s White Label” was an endorsement given to manufacturers of products that were made under certain labor conditions, such as the elimination of unpaid overtime work, and hiring of workers under the age of sixteen.
During a train trip from New York City up the Hudson River to her maternal grandmother’s home, she engaged in a substantive conversation with a fellow traveler, her distant cousin and a Harvard University student, Franklin Delano Roosevelt.
A secret courtship ensued, resulting in their engagement, but FDR’s mother intervened, believing them too young to marry. Despite her enforcing a separation, Sara Roosevelt eventually conceded to permit the marriage.
Marriage and Husband:
20 years old on 17 March 1905, adjoining homes of her maternal aunts, New York City, New York, to Franklin Delano Roosevelt [“FDR”], 22 years old, Harvard University undergraduate student (born 30 January 1882, Hyde Park, New York; died 12 April, 1945, Warm Springs, Georgia)
*President Theodore Roosevelt attended his orphaned niece down the aisle during her wedding ceremony, having previously been scheduled to be in New York City to participate in the city’s St. Patrick’s Day Parade.
The genealogical relationship between Eleanor Roosevelt and FDR is fifth cousin, once removed. They share a mutual ancestor in Claes Martenszen van Rosenvelt (the translation of which means son of Marten of the rose field), who immigrated to America from Holland to the then-named New Amsterdam colony [New Y ork] in approximately 1649. His son Nicholas Roosevelt (1658-1742) is the last common ancestor of FDR and Eleanor Roosevelt. FDR’s great-great-great grandfather (Jacobus Roosevelt, son of Nicholas) and Eleanor Roosevelt’s great-great-great-great grandfather (Johannes Roosevelt, son of Nicholas) were brothers.
One daughter, five sons: Anna Eleanor Roosevelt [Dall Boettiger Halstead] (3 May 1906 - 1 December 1975), James Roosevelt (23 December 1907- 13 August 1991), Franklin D. Roosevelt, Jr. (1909-1909), Elliott Roosevelt (23 September 1910 - 27 November 1990), Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Jr. [second so-named son] (17 August 1914 – 17 August 1988); John Aspinwall Roosevelt (13 March 1916 - 27 April 1981)
*Following the death of her third child, Franklin Roosevelt, Jr. when he was less than a year old, the parents gave their fifth child, and third-born son, the same name upon his birth.
*Franklin D. Roosevelt, Jr. (the second so-named) was born in Canada, on Campobello Island)
*Franklin D. Roosevelt, Jr. (the second so-named) married more times than any other presidential child; he had a total of five wives.
Occupation After Marriage
Sara Roosevelt dominated the early years of Eleanor Roosevelt’s marriage to FDR, choosing their first home, its interiors and staff and then, a second home adjacent to her own, at 47 and 49 East 65th Street. Although their home was large enough to raise their five children to adulthood and to later accommodate a growing number of grandchildren, in the early years the arrangement proved especially oppressive for Eleanor Roosevelt. Her mother-in-law had arranged to have doors installed from her home into that of her son and his family. Sara Roosevelt had full access into the life of Eleanor Roosevelt and sought to dominate every one of her household decisions. It would eventually resolve as circumstances and Eleanor Roosevelt’s own initiative conspired to move her into a larger world.
This New York City home, however, remained the primary residence of Eleanor Roosevelt through the first eight of her twelve years as First Lady and became a base for her activities and place where the press often gathered to cover news stories in which she figured.
Following the 1941 death of Sara Roosevelt, the couple sold the home to nearby Hunter College and it became an inter-faith and inter-racial student center. Eleanor Roosevelt would continue to visit the house, delivering speeches and participating in activities of the women’s college. In 1941, the Roosevelts began leasing a townhouse on Washington Square Park, although it largely served as Eleanor Roosevelt’s primary residence away from the White House and would continue until nearly the end of her life.
The Roosevelts would retain ownership of the summer home they inherited from Sara Roosevelt, at Campobello Bay, in Nova Scotia, Canada.
Following FDR’s graduation from Harvard University in 1906, two years study at Columbia Law School, and employment as an attorney on Wall Street in New York City, FDR was elected twice to the New York State Senate as a representative of Dutchess County, where he and his mother maintained residency in the town of Hyde Park (1910, 1912).
After relocating to the state capital city of Albany, Eleanor Roosevelt began to attend legislative sessions and to build an interest in politics, particularly shocked at the omnipotence of “Tammany Hall,” the so-named entrenched Democratic Party leaders who controlled the legislative agenda and votes of state and city officials. FDR later stated that their tenure in Albany commenced her “political sagacity."
"Little Cabinet" Wife:
Under the Woodrow Wilson Administration, FDR was appointed Assistant Navy Secretary (1913-1920). Eleanor Roosevelt fulfilled the social obligations then incumbent upon officials’ spouses, including the making and hosting of social calls among each other on specified days at specified times. She also joined some spouses in accepting the invitation of First Lady Ellen Wilson to tour the so-called alley dwellings of deplorable housing conditions of the capital city’s largely African-American underclass, the intention of which, to demolish the dangerous and unsanitary living spaces, was achieved by a congressional bill. Efforts to relocate the displaced individuals into permanent housing were usurped by US entry into World War I.
World War I:
As a Cabinet spouse, Eleanor Roosevelt assumed several volunteer jobs in Washington, D.C. working for two private aid organizations which assumed a quasi-government role in providing supplemental care for seamen, specifically, and all servicemen, generally - the Navy Relief Society, which focused on special needs of sailors, and the American Red Cross. Besides traditional fundraising work, Eleanor Roosevelt joined other spouses of prominent officials in booths located at Union Station in Washington. Here, they prepared sandwiches and coffee and distributed them to the thousands of servicemen departing by train for seaport locations, from where they shipped out to the European front.
Subsequently, she was asked by a Navy Chaplain to provide emotional support a nd then investigate and bear witness to the deplorable conditions of sailors who returned from the war with mental health problems, and were being housed at St. Elizabeth’s Hospital. This was the medical care facility where those with mental illnesses were treated by the federal government. She found the conditions and care there to be lacking in professionalism and without adequate supplies. Besides successfully prompting the Navy Red Cross to create and fully furnish a much-needed recreation center there, Eleanor Roosevelt successfully implored the Wilson Administration’s Interior Secretary to create a commission that conducted an investigation with the intention of improving the facility’s services. The commission report prompted Congress to increase the hospital’s budget and provide the necessary care.
At the conclusion of World War I, Eleanor Roosevelt worked briefly as a volunteer translator of French for the 1919 International Congress of Working Women when it convened in Washington, D.C. She also accompanied her husband in his tour immediately after the war’s end, touring battlefields, and returning as part of Wilson’s presidential party that went to Europe to negotiate the terms of the war’s end.
Lucy Mercer Affair:
Turning down Eleanor Roosevelt’s offer of divorce, FDR further promised that he would end his relationship with Mercer. Some three decades later, without Eleanor Roosevelt’s knowledge, FDR resumed his friendship with Lucy Mercer, who was by then the widow of Winthrop Rutherford; however, it is not evident that the resumed relationship was again physically intimate.
1920 Vice Presidential Candidate’s Spouse:
When Franklin D. Roosevelt was nominated as the vice presidential candidate on the Democratic ticket in 1920, Eleanor Roosevelt was befriended by his advisor and press secretary, journalist Louis Howe.
It was Howe who drew Eleanor Roosevelt far deeper into the machinations of a presidential campaign, and sharing with her his process of reviewing the candidate’s speeches and released statements. Although she accompanied FDR on his whistlestop campaign in 1920, she did not address crowds, nor respond directly to public inquiries, still considering it to be a social boundary not to be broken. That year, the Republican ticket won the presidency and FDR and Eleanor Roosevelt returned to their homes in Hyde Park and New York City, where FDR resumed his legal career.
The 1920’s:
When FDR contracted infantile paralysis in 1921, Eleanor Roosevelt took charge of his initial medical care and encouraged his effort to seek various treatments though she was honest in disagreeing with his belief that he would eventually regain mobility. For several days, before a doctor could come to Roosevelt, Eleanor Roosevelt served as his nurse, never leaving his side. She did, however, support his intentions to someday return to national politics. In fact, she alone was the first to recognize that his returning to the public arena would serve as a solution to the loss of his mobility, in terms of his happiness. For a time, she acted as both father and mother to their young children. She would also take her two of her sons on a trip to Europe, a commitment that their father had initially made to them.
As he sought a more specified treatment in Warm Springs, Georgia, FDR was accompanied by the friendly companionship of one of his secretaries from the 1920 campaign, Marguerite “Missy” LeHand. She assumed many of the traditional responsibilities of an official’s wife – writing checks, entertaining guests, household management.
In doing so, LeHand unwittingly freed Eleanor Roosevelt from such duties and permitted her the time to pursue an increasingly independent career in reform politics, writing, teaching, new friendships and other pursuits both professional and personal.
These included:
The Women's City Club of New York, board of directors, vice president, City Planning Department chair, Finance Committee chair, 1924-1928: An organization which kept women informed of political issues of the day and offered members a network of fellow professional women. Within three years of joining this organization, Eleanor Roosevelt would be elected to the board and then first vice president. She became the club’s literal voice, initiating her own career in radio with broadcasts intended to make women listeners informed on current political issues affecting them. Some of the public questions that she encountered included government low-income housing, access to birth control information for married women, child labor regulation, worker’s compensation, and protective measures for working women. Her work with the Club helped develop her own organizational, writing and speaking skills.
The Women's Trade Union League, member, 1922-1955. Led by both women of the elite class who had worked in the settlement movement and working-class women labor leaders, this organization sought to enlist more women members into trade unions, notably in the garment industry and to lobby state legislatures and Congress on fair wages and work hours. Eleanor Roosevelt also made enormous monetary contributions to the organization. During the worst year of the Great Depression, in her capacity as chair of the finance committee, she solely supported the organization for several months. She would also teach classes, host parties and provide literary readings as part of the educational broadening of working-class members. She would picket with the organization and be charged with disorderly conduct for doing so. In 1925, Eleanor Roosevelt testified before the New York State legislature advocating shorter hours for each workday for women and children.
Women's Division of the New York State Democratic Committee, member, Vice President, Finance Chair, and Women’s Democratic News newsletter editor and columnist, 1922-1935. With the goal of garnering Democratic candidates the votes and support of more women, the organization became a powerful venue in state politics. Eleanor Roosevelt became associated with it when she was invited by Nancy Cook to address the group. Soon her circle expanded to include the division’s other leaders – Cook’s lifetime partner Marion Dickerman, Caroline O’Day and Elinor Morgenthau. Eleanor Roosevelt helped create and sustain an outreach of the organization to rural counties. In 1924, through the division, she campaigned through all of New York State for Democrat Alfred Smith against her first cousin, Republican Theodore Roosevelt, Jr. in his gubernatorial election. Smith won, becoming an ally of Eleanor Roosevelt’s. She worked as treasurer and as editor of the division’s Women’s Democratic News monthly newsletter, eventually writing a monthly column in the publication called “Passing Thoughts of Mrs. Franklin D. Roosevelt.” The newsletter was eventually folded into a pre-existing national version in 1935.
The League of Women Voters, New York State branch and national organization, Board member, Legislative Committee Chair (state league), Constitutional Revision Chair (state league), County Delegate, State Delegate, Vice-Chair of the New York State League, 1920-1928. With the goal of educating women on candidates and political issues, and engaging them into the political process, at both the state and national levels, the League was an important stepping-stone for Eleanor Roosevelt’s own political seasoning. Chairing a Legislation Committee, she conducted in-depth research on pending congressional bills and wrote a summary report of it with attorney and fellow member Elizabeth Read who would become a lifelong friend along with Read’s life partner, consumer advocate and educator Esther Lape. As a county and state delegate she attended the New York State and national conventions of the league, widening her circle of fellow women reformists and activists, and delivering lectures on policy related to infant mortality, and health, employment and housing issues facing women. She actively helped the state league achieve its goal of creating a division in every state county. As vice chair of the state league, she advocated for women’s support of international peace, gender equity in jury service and in prosecution of solicitation. Resigning her offices from the bi-partisan league in 1924, she remained an active member who promoted the ideals and platform of the Democratic Party, with which she became more overtly involved. She also began writing on a regular basis for the League of Women Voters of New York State’s newsletter, News Bulletin.
World Peace Movement and Bok Peace Prize Committee, 1923-1924. As a vigorous supporter of Eleanor Roosevelt helped to organize and chair with her friend Esther Lape a committee which sought to award the best plan that would ensure eventual world peace and get the U.S. to participate in a global justice system. The former Ladies Home Journal editor Edward W. Bok had proposed it. Her role was to establish a bipartisan Jury selection board of prominent Americans who would review the over 22,000 entries the committee received and to then promote the winning plan. The winner of the prize was to be awarded $100,000, half of which was to implement the winning plan if it was approved by the US Senate or a majority of the American people. The prize was awarded to former Adelphi College president Charles Levermore, who proposed immediate US cooperation with the “World Court,” the informal name of the Permanent Court of International Justice, a provision created under the League of Nations. The contest created controversy; the prevailing post-war mood and foreign policy sentiment being isolationist in nature, and critics charged that the Bok Prize was an effort to improperly influence Congress.
Eleanor Roosevelt accompanied Esther Lape when she was called upon to testify before the Senate Special Committee on Propaganda. Although the House voted in favor of the measure, it failed to received the necessary 2/3rds of the Senate. Eleanor Roosevelt was exposed to the efforts of world peace by suffragist Carrie Chapman Catt. She would also publicly support the Coolidge Administration’s Kellogg-Briand Treaty.
Val-Kill Industries, furniture factory, co-owner, 1927- 1936. Encouraged by FDR, Eleanor Roosevelt and her friends Marion Dickerman and Nancy Cook had built a colonial Dutch revival cottage in stone in 1925, on Roosevelt family property just two miles from the large estate “Springwood,” owned by FDR and his mother.
They founded and ran a small company that made furniture for the cottage, soon expanding the enterprise to make commercial pieces sold in New York. Production of the quality colonial era reproductions took place in what would end up becoming a four-story factory in Hyde Park, intended to employ jobless local workers.
Todhunter School for Girls, New York City, New York, co-owner, history and government teacher, 1926-1933. Also with Dickerman and Cook, Eleanor Roosevelt purchased and helped to run this school on the East Side of New York City. When FDR was elected governor and then began in term in 1929, Eleanor Roosevelt continued to teach, though she began commuting to Albany several days a week, using her time on the train to grade her students’ exams and papers. She ended her formal role as a teacher once FDR became US President, but still took an active interest in the school and its students, inviting a group of them to the White House for annual events.
Writer, Lecturer, Radio Show Commentator, 1921-1962. Eleanor Roosevelt had a lifelong career as a writer of books, introductions or other contributions to books, newspaper and magazine articles and columns. Her professional writing began with the publication of her first article, “Common Sense Versus Party Regularity,” published in the League of Women Voters News Bulletin on September 12, 1921. She would continue to write for the newsletters as well as the publications of the other political and civic organizations to which she belonged in the 1920’s. Her first piece in a commercial publication appeared in the October 1923 of Ladies Home Journal.
Over the years her byline would appear in a wide variety of publications including: The New York Times, The North American Review, Success Magazine, Current History, Redbook, Modern Priscilla, Forum, Good Housekeeping, Parents’ Magazine, Babylon, Wings, Pictorial Review, Independent Education, Liberty, School Life, Baltimore & Ohio, Reader’s Digest, Women’s Home Companion, Modern Screen, Literary Digest, McCall’s, Every Woman, Recreation, Scribner’s, House & Garden, American Magazine of Art, The Journal of Negro Education, Progressive Education, School Life, Virgina Teacher, DAR Magazine, Consumer’s Guide, Cosmopolitan, This Week, Periscope, Journal of Social Hygiene, School Press Review, Opportunity, School Life, School Press Review, American Child, American Library Association Bulletin, Woman’s Day, Look, Time, New York Times Magazine, This Week, Collier’s, Rotarian, Nation, Opportunity, Student Life, Opinion, Echo, Trade Union Courier, Threshold, Common Sense, Town Meeting, Baby Talk, Common Ground, Country Gentleman, American Unity, New Republic, Jewish Mirror, Land Policy Review, American Magazine, Negro Digest, Saturday Review of Literature, Minute Man, Arcadian Life Magazine, Kelly Magazine, Home Safety Review, Intercollegian, American Lawn Tennis, Life Story, Congressional Weekly, Workman’s Circle Call, Teacher’s Digest, Survey Graphic, National Parent-Teacher, Southern Patriot, Congressional Digest, Canadian Home Journal, Argosy, Click, Future, Bayonet, Education for Victory, Council Women, Journal of Educational Sociology, Your Music, German-American, Modern Mystic and Monthly Science Review, American Girl, Talks, Summary, Holiday, Methodist Women, Women’s Journal, United Nations Bulletin, General Federation Clubwomen, Christian Register, Foreign Affairs, ADA, Bryn Mawr Alumnae Bulletin, Phi Delta Kappan, Flair, Harper's, Ominbook, Foreign Policy Bulletin, See, Say. Ebony Lifetime Living, American Association United Nations News, Midstream, Every week, Equity, Today's Japan, Art in America, Saturday Evening Post, TV Guide, Harper's, American Federationist, Educational Forum, Current, Coronet, Redbook, True Story, Atlantic, Bookshelf, Ford Times, Jewish Heritage, Railway Clerk Magazine, Wisdom, Liberation, US News and World Report, Instructor, International Home Quarterly, Department of State Bulletin, Jewish Parents Magazine, Delhi Mirror Instructor, The Nation's Schools, Southwest Louisiana Boys' Village News, School Life, United Nations World, United Nations Reporter, and Prologue.
Al Smith for President campaign, 1924, 1928. In 1924 Eleanor Roosevelt served as the chair of the women’s delegation of the Platform Committee for that year’s Democratic National Convention. Eleanor Roosevelt was advocating the nomination of Al Smith of New York. She also successfully urged FDR to make his first public appearance after contracting polio by addressing the 1924 Democratic National Convention in favor of Smith.
Although she was unsuccessful in helping Smith win the party’s nomination that year, she remained a staunch advocate for his national candidacy through her state and national party work and her public speeches.
Four years later, during the 1928 Democratic National Convention, she headed all women’s activities for Smith’s efforts leading up to and following his nomination as the presidential candidate. She earned the trust of Smith and was able to help him gain access to and convince FDR to run as his successor as Governor of New York.
First Lady of New York State, 1929-1933.
As First Lady of a state, Eleanor Roosevelt sought to avoid as many potential conflicts of interest as possible. She continued her own private enterprises of the Todhunter School and Val-Kill Industries, splitting her time between the capital city of Albany and her private home in New York City.
During this time she also hired an aide who would prove indispensible to her as First Lady and beyond, Malvina “Tommy” Thompson. Nicknamed “Tommy” Malvina Thompson would take on Eleanor Roosevelt’s formidable correspondence and travel arrangements. Being governor’s wife also gave her a broader platform beyond those within politics and reform movements and she utilized it advocate that more women try to develop lives, interests and talents that might take them beyond traditional women’s roles. As she wrote in Good Housekeeping magazine during these years, "It is essential to develop her own interests, to carry on a stimulating life of her own..."
Although she quit most of her political affiliations, Eleanor Roosevelt remained highly politically active, if not always in public. She continued to broadcast her “Women in Politics” series on NBC radio for the Women’s City Club, and edited without credit the Women's Democratic News. In addition, she became the Women’s Trade Union League’s legislative advocate in the statehouse in support of a five-day work week. She voiced her support for the International Ladies Garment Workers Union and its president David Dubinsky in their famous 1930 Dressmaker’s Strike. She also was able to make the case to the national Democratic Party chairman John Raskob to increase funding for the New York State Democratic Committee, and on her own did considerable fundraising for the National Democratic Committee’s Women’s Activities Committee.
With her own formidable and independent political experience and skill, Eleanor Roosevelt could not help bring her b ackground to her role as a supportive wife of the governor. In this context, her considerable political influence was simply an outgrowth of her natural interests, passions and beliefs, but adapting it all to a manner which aided her husband.
She was instrumental in FDR’s reforming the Public Employment Service, as well as his promoting labor leader Frances Perkins from a committee member to head of the State Industrial Relations Commission. She further made the case for Perkins as New York’s Secretary of Labor and for her replacement at the Industrial Relations Commission, Nell Schwartz.
She began to substitute for the Governor when either his immobility or his schedule precluded his presence at political meetings and conferences. Furthering this role, she began to inspect schools, orphanages, hospitals, homes for aged, and other state-supported institutions as what she called his “eyes and ears.” In this role, she learned to poke into kitchens and garages, and check out plumbing, food service and electricity, rather than just taking the word of the director of the institution in question.
She put to use her growing but already considerable tactical skill in managing political personalities. When the Governor was organizing a conference of the state’s mayors, she was successful in helping convince him to open the invitation to both Republicans and Democrats. She often helped avoid intra-Democratic squabbles between FDR’s advisor Louis Howe and Jim Farley, manager of both Smith and FDR’s gubernatorial and FDR’s presidential campaigns. It was on Eleanor Roosevelt’s urging that the Governor decided not to keep two of Smith’s closest advisors, Secretary of State Robert Moses and Personal Secretary Belle Moskowitz.
The 1932 Presidential Election:
Having known personally the constrictions placed on her aunt Edith Roosevelt, when she became First Lady, Eleanor Roosevelt had a tremendous ambivalence throughout the course of FDR’s first presidential campaign. She believed he was the ideal leader to guide the nation through the Great Depression, but feared the loss of her own independent life. Nevertheless, in 1931, in anticipation of the campaign, she organized the women’s division of “Friends For Roosevelt,” the exploratory committee that would launch his candidacy, and also wrote and edited much of the literature about him.
As far as public campaigning, however, Eleanor Roosevelt was more visible on behalf of Herbert Lehman, the Democrat hoping to succeed her husband as New York Governor. She continued her role as intermediary between Farley and Howe, and reviewed the publicity of the National Democratic Committee’s Women’s Division, which were printed on colored-paper "rainbow fliers" – which were intended to appeal to women’s femininity. Mrs. Roosevelt backed her husband’s inclinations to break with tradition and attend the convention to accept his party’s nomination, flying with him to make the historic trip.
While she joined him for part of his national campaign, she steadfastly refused to make any speeches. Despite her reputation as an overtly political person, she drew a line when it came to speaking on behalf of her husband and would not go beyond making personal appearances with him for his 1936, 1940 and 1944 presidential campaigns.
She att ended the 1932 convention that nominated FDR, and also become the fourth woman in history to successfully vote for her husband’s election as president.
From November 1932 until March of 1933, however, Eleanor Roosevelt found herself increasingly depressed at the prospect of what being First Lady would mean. During this period, she befriended several women reporters who covered her activities, notably Lorena Hickok, Ruby Black and Bess Furman and shared her fears. Although she resigned her job as teacher at the Todhunter School, she did continue her lucrative career as a lecturer, freelance journalist, and radio broadcaster.
Although not yet First Lady, Eleanor Roosevelt soon found herself publicly derided when she expressed her view that young girls should be permitted to drink beer if Prohibition was repealed, and the fact that one of her radio commercial sponsors was a mattress company. She was ridiculed in the Harvard Lampoon after she edited a magazine on post-natal care with the seemingly ridiculous title of “Babies, Just Babies.”
There were also false allegations that it had been Eleanor Roosevelt who had spurred on FDR to the presidency as some form of thwarted form of fulfilling her own political ambitions. In fact, at one point during the transition, she had the impulsive idea of filing for divorce as a way of escaping the inevitable and imminent limitations.
Four Inaugurations:
At the 4 March 1933 Inauguration, Eleanor Roosevelt joined the extensive number of Roosevelt family members, i ncluding Republicans of the Oyster Bay branch that had opposed FDR’s candidacy but nevertheless remained personally supportive. For them and for other close personal friends and political associates, she hosted an informal reception following the swearing-in ceremony.
Following a tradition since the 1913 Inauguration, there was no official Presidential Inaugural Ball. However, Eleanor Roosevelt did appear in a white fur and gown at a charity fundraiser ball held that night, accompanied by several relatives. She would continue to do so, appearing at the 1937 and 1941 Inaugural balls. Due to World War II, there was no such event during the last Roosevelt inaugural, in 1944.
4 March 1933 - 12 April 1945
No presidential wife served as First Lady for a period longer than did Eleanor Roosevelt – twelve years, one month, one week and one day. No First Lady served through two nationally traumatic events such as did Eleanor Roosevelt, presiding at the White House during the Great Depression and World War II. Unique to her tenure was the fact that the President was physically limited by his then-hidden condition of polio. Thus apart from finding a way to integrate her own professional interests and experiences into the public role of First Lady and assume the traditional management of the mansion’s functioning as a political-social arena, Eleanor Roosevelt worked closely with the President and his staff as an unofficial Administration representative and on policy-related issues.
Despite this being an outgrowth of her own progressive reform work, it was now conducted within a public realm, making both her, personally, and the Administration, generally, vulnerable to political attack and criticism, the charge being that she was neither elected nor appointed to carry out such tasks as it related to the American people. Generally, Eleanor Roosevelt ignored the frequent criticism to help achieve her goals or those Administration objectives with which she concurred.
Unlike her three immediate predecessors (Florence Harding, Grace Coolidge, Lou Hoover), Eleanor Roosevelt did not enter into the role of First Lady with specific plans to continue previous support for a constituency (Harding and animal rights and veterans, Coolidge and the hearing-impaired, Hoover and the Girl Scouts). All she knew for certain was that she would be active in word and deeds, especially in light of the devastation the Great Depression was continuing to have on the lives of millions of Americans. Her extraordinary history of experience and work in progressive advocacy policy, the media, education, and women’s issues, however, greatly informed her as she found her direction, established her agenda and relied on professional contacts. In terms of her life experiences and her evolving vision as First Lady, Eleanor Roosevelt was unprecedented in comparison to others who had or would assume the role.
Visiting with Veterans:
In her first days and weeks as First Lady, Eleanor Roosevelt had great anxiety about just how she could have a real impact on those citizens then suffering the worst affects of the Great Depression, or even how to begin determining this. It was on the advice of Louis Howe that she made one simple gesture that began to lead the way for her. Lingering still in the nation’s capital city from the last months of the Hoover Administration were those World War I veterans who had come to protest they be given their promised financial bonus from the Hoover Administration and Congress, the dire economic conditions necessitating their demand for remittance earlier than scheduled.
Knowing she could not deliver something that the new Administration had not promised, she was unsure of what she would say. The fact that the new First Lady arrived by driving herself into their encampment immediately impressed the veterans. They shared their struggles and frustrations with her, they discussed the war, and the brief visit ended with her standing on a chair and offering her heartfelt empathy and a promise that she would see if there was anything to be done to help them, but without promising anything further. She was startled to receive their warm and rousing cheers, and joined them in singing some of the popular songs of the war.
This initial visit showed Eleanor Roosevelt that she could genuinely relate to people who were suffering, without regarding to gender, age or socioeconomic class; it gave her confidence. While the gesture was purely symbolic, it also had a positive affect on the veterans, giving them a sense of hope about the new Administration and willingness to at least initially support the new President and his policies. “Hoover sent the army,” the saying among the veterans in the tent went, referencing the fact that the previous president had instructed that troops tear down their temporary shelters, “Roosevelt sent his wife.”
Mass Media and Communications:
Perhaps there was no more important decision among her initial deeds as First Lady than her decision to continue her work as a writer, public speaker and media figure. It helped in her mission to inform the public, provoke discussion and debate on conversation, rally public support for efforts she believed in or promoted as part of the Administration. It helped to forge a permanent image in the public mind at the time of not just Eleanor Roosevelt as a distinct personality but to shift the perception of what “First Lady” could mean.
Press Conferences:
On 6 March 1933, two days after becoming First Lady, Eleanor Roosevelt held what was to become the first of 348 press conferences, with nearly 35 women in attendance.
The idea emerged from her burgeoning friendship with Associated Press reporter Lorena Hickok as a direct measure to help women reporters keep their jobs during the depression. She conducted them to help keep the American people informed of her White House life and the political activities of the Administration, but to provoke national consciousness about larger issues and crises of the day, and to do so in newspaper print. The press conferences afforded her the chance to focus on breaking news whether it was the threat that Hitler presented to Europe or the endemic problems of Washington, D.C.’s social welfare institutions. They were, however, coordinated with the President’s Press Office and there is evidence that sometimes they felt it wiser to have the First Lady break news related to the President or the Administration, rather than through the West Wing. Some forty news organizations were credentialed to have one representative attend the First Lady press conferences, a certification that was controlled by the President’s Press Secretary (the position of First Lady’s Press Secretary did not yet exist).
What made Eleanor Roosevelt’s White House press conferences even more unique was the open ban on any male reporters. Large publications wanted to carry the news that Mrs. Roosevelt generated, but could do so only by continuing to employ the women reporters given exclusive access to the press conferences. On one occasion, following her return from the South Pacific during the war, men reporters were permitted entrance. This practice proved crucial in establishing women reporters as part of the permanent and modern White House Press Corps, their presence and professionalism soon becoming part of the familiar fabric of the working White House. Previous to this, women reporters in Washington were confined to coverage of “style” issues, such as entertaining and clothes. While expected to continue to cover these topics, their “beat” expanded, with the First Lady’s focus on substantive and serious problems. Her sustaining the press conferences through the Depression and WWII, they covered economics, commerce, defense and foreign affairs issues. The press conferences ultimately raised women into the ranks of professional journalism. Her solidarity with them remained strong. For example, when the women reporters were excluded from the professional male journalist gathering of the annual Gridiron Dinner, she created the “Gridiron Widows” and hosted the event in the White House.
After some initial press conferences taking place in the Green Room, Mrs. Roosevelt moved them to the private floor of the mansion, in the designated “Monroe Room” where she had replaced reproduction antiques of the Monroe Era, with sturdy furniture produced by Val-Kill Industries, the factory she helped to created. Initially, no direct quotation of the First Lady was permitted without her permission. She had an aide who attended and transcribed the exchanges. The conferences lasted about an hour. On occasion, she invited special women guests who might be visiting the White House to attend, giving the reporters access to them. In time print reporters for the radio broadcast were permitted to attend, but at no time were either still or moving cameras allowed in. Eventually, the weekly attendance swelled to 115 but was reduced drastically by the first year of World War II. Government information agency representatives were also permitted to attend, but not to ask questions. By 1942, the group formally organized as Mrs. Roosevelt’s Press Conference Association, with a five-member board that met monthly to review policy and membership. The last press conference was held 12 April 1945, several hours before the President’s sudden death.
Monthly Magazine Columnist:
In August of 1933, five months after becoming First Lady, Eleanor Roosevelt contracted with the monthly Women’s Home Companion magazine to pen a column called “I Want You to Write to Me.” It was an open invitation for the public to submit questions asking her questions that provoked her advice, personal opinions and providing of information on issues both personal and political. It also encouraged the public to offer their own opinions and observations during the Great Depression and War-Preparedness years. Earning $1000 a month for the endeavor, she donated the fee outright to various charities. The response was overwhelming. Within just five months, about 300,000 individuals had written to her. She continued the column until the July 1935 edition. In her initial columns, she avidly espoused the agenda of the Roosevelt Administration, but over time was forced to curtail political topics. The magazine editors ended the contract to avoid the suggestion that they supported FDR – or any political candidate – as efforts began for his 1936 re-election campaign.
In May of 1941, she began a new monthly column, “If You Ask Me,” for Ladies Home Journal, receiving $2500 a month. Journal editors reviewed the mail sent to Mrs. Roosevelt at the magazine and chose the questions for her to answer, about ten each month. The topics were again a mix of the personal and the political. Her column in this magazine continued through the rest of her White House years, until 1949, when she signed a five-year contract for a monthly column with McCall’s magazine.
Newspaper Column:
On 30 December 1935, two years and nine months into her tenure as First Lady, Eleanor Roosevelt wrote the first of what would become her famous syndicated newspaper column, “My Day.” As First Lady, she wrote it six days a week; the only break during her White House tenure occurring on the four days following her husband’s death.
Within three years, “My Day” was syndicated in 62 daily newspapers with a readership of over 4 million. It was distributed by the United Features Syndicate and earned her about $1000 monthly, a rate that shifted depending on the number of newspaper subscriptions. It replaced an earlier, failed weekly column that focused strictly on White House entertaining. Although “My Day”” was usually placed in the women’s section of a newspaper alongside advertisements targeted to the women’s market, they were widely read by men, especially those following politics.
The subject of each day was usually a reflection of an issue, individual, incident or event she had encountered or engaged in, giving the worlds a genuine first-person account of life near the presidency. Written in simple, almost bland language, the column helped to craft her image as an accessible average American wife and mother – despite the reality that she was hardly that.
Initially, many of the columns were light in nature, giving the public a glimpse at the amusing and poignant anecdotes entailed in her daily life as the wife of the president and mother of his children. In short time, however, she used the column to touch on larger public issues, controversies in which she was involved – and even to provoke public debate. It was in “My Day,” for example, that she announced and explained her resignation from the Daughters of the American Revolution over the organization’s refusal to lease their auditorium to permit African-American contralto singer Marian Anderson to perform there. Although she claimed in 1939 that the President never interfered in the content of her columns, she did later write that he often shared Administration ideas or reports, or other information with the intention of her presenting it casually in the column to gauge public reaction. The column was a useful public relations tool for the Administration as well, for she could provide a seemingly spontaneous glimpse into his work or reactions to legislation in a way that shaped a long-range plan.
The First Lady usually dictated the day’s column to her secretary or, when she travelled solo, pecked it out on a typewriter herself. She found it relatively easy to do, usually occupying about a half an hour each day. After the White House, she continued the column but the contents became more partisan as she voiced stronger opinions on global issues and Democratic Party politics.
Magazine Article Writer:
On many occasions, Eleanor Roosevelt found that a subject she felt required closer consideration was best served by her writing about it in a lengthy magazine article. She had no one exclusive contract with a publication, giving her the freedom to choose specialized venues to reach target audiences. She addressed the moral necessity of civil rights, for example, in magazines ranging from The Saturday Evening Post to The American Magazine to The New Republic.
The First Lady’s Radio Shows:
Eleanor Roosevelt had nearly a decade of experience as a radio commentator by the time she became First Lady. During the transition, following the 1932 election, she contracted to deliver twelve radio news commentaries for the Pond’s cold cream company. In 1935, she contracted with a roofing company at $500 a minute, and subsequently for a mattress company, typewriter and shoe company, doing various series of multiple broadcasts on different subjects like higher education or events in the news. Despite editorial criticism that it was undignified for the president’s wife to undertake such overtly commercial ventures, she would continue to do them as First Lady, claiming she was motivated to do so because it permitted her to continue raising large sums she donated to charities.
In 1937 she signed with NBC Radio to carry her radio shows with various commercial sponsors. That year, she earned $3000 for each of her thirteen broadcasts. In 1940 the number and length of the broadcasts were increased to twenty-six fifteen-minute broadcasts. The lengthiest and most famous of her series, however, took place on Sunday nights spanning seven months from 1941 to 1942.
The Pan-American Coffee Bureau that represented a consortium of eight Latin American coffee-producing nations sponsored these. From these foreign countries, the First Lady earned $28,000 for the Sunday night series. While the primary audiences for her broadcasts were women, the shows she did during the immediate pre-war and wartime called on all citizens to support the President’s policies of support to England and volunteer their services as the U.S. entered the war.
Lecturer and Public Speaker:
During her tenure as First Lady, it is estimated that she gave about 1,400 speeches, whether it was to an organization involved in social issues important to her agenda as a presidential spouse or a paid lecture. She wrote all of them herself, although it was usually a mere outline rather than a prepared text from which she spoke. On occasion, she relied on experts in or out of the federal government to provide specifics or statistics to bolster the case she might be making in the speech. Initially, her presentations seemed to lack impact not only due to the rambling nature of her remarks, but the sound of her voice. Somewhat strident and high-pitched, with a distinctly elite-class accent, she eventually learned to become a relaxed public speaker and to then hone her message and modulate her voice, taking lessons with vocal coach Elizabeth von Hesse.
In 1935, she contracted with the W. Colston Leigh Bureau of Lectures and Entertainments to do two annual lecture circuit tours a year. Her audiences were usually large organizations, sometimes as numerous as 15,000 people in attendance. They were charged $1000 per speech. Lasting about one hour each with a subsequent question-and-answer period, the groups were able to chose from one of six topics: “Typical Day at the White House,” “Problems of Youth,” “Mail of a President’s Wife,” “The Outlook for America,” “Relationship of the Individual to the Community,” and “Peace.” By the time she ended her annual lecture circuit work with the Leigh Bureau in 1941, she had made approximately 700 paid speeches.
Although Rose Cleveland was the first First Lady to publish a book during her incumbency, none have published more books while serving in that role than did Eleanor Roosevelt. Her first published literary effort was as editor of her father’s letters to her, published during FDR’s presidential campaign. Using the same unique tone of personal reflection and gently-given advice, combined with her highly ideal approach to the realities of modern life, she turned out her first fully-written work in her first year as First Lady: It’s Up to the Women (1933), a call upon women to find confidence and strength in facing the hardships of the Depression. This Troubled World (1938) and The Moral Basis of Democracy (1940) took the same technique but applied it to war-preparedness. In 1935, her first work as an author of fiction was published, A Trip to Washington with Bobby and Betty - although the children’s story ended with a visit to the real-life President Roosevelt. Her second work of fiction took on a poignant currency.
Christmas: A Story (1940)
was set in contemporary Nazi-occupied Holland, with a spirited young girl as the protagonist.
The book with which she was most widely associated during her tenure as First Lady was This Is My Story (1937), the first of what would be her three-volume autobiography, providing a somewhat abstracted version of her lonely childhood and difficult early married years, taking her story up to 1924, as FDR struggled to overcome his polio. Ladies Home Journal serialized the book for $75,000. The magazine issue carrying the first installment sold out quickly, about a quarter of a million consumers buying the magazine and instantly making it the highest circulated women’s magazine at the time.
The subsequent volumes to her autobiography were This I Remember (1949), which covered the period up to FDR’s death, and On My Own (1958). An abridged version of all three was issued in 1961 as The Autobiography of Eleanor Roosevelt and was updated to include the three subsequent years, concluding with JFK’s election, just two years before her death. In addition, her post-White House years saw her authoring another dozen works: If You Ask Me (1946), Partners: The United Nations and Youth (co-authored) (1950), India and the Awakening East (1953), UN: Today and Tomorrow (co-authored) (1953), Ladies of Courage (1954), It Seems to Me (1954), The United Nations (1955), You Learn By Living (1960), Your Teens and Mine (co-authored) 1961, The Wisdom of Eleanor Roosevelt (1962), Eleanor Roosevelt’s Book of Common Etiquette (1962), and Tomorrow is Now (published posthumously in 1963).
Newsreels and Movies:
With an active interest in the film industry, stemming from her son James Roosevelt’s employment by legendary producer Sam Goldwyn, Eleanor Roosevelt recognized the power of the moving image to convey or symbolize in a simple, direct manner what were often complicated matters. She permitted all of her public appearances and events to be filmed by newsreel companies, whether or not it was at the White House. Often, they captured historical moments such as a 1933 Paramount News report, “A First Lady Flies!” showing her as the first incumbent First Lady to travel by airplane.
Apart from those of her public speeches that were filmed for newsreels, Mrs. Roosevelt did not merely appear in the brief films shown in movie theaters but often spoke, delivering some type of public service message. In this one, she is seen and heard promoting the National Relief Administration outside of the Val-Kill factory, encouraging all businesses to follow the employment standards created by the new economic recovery program outlined by the President’s most famous and largest New Deal program of the Great Depression:
Youtube movie:https://www.youtube.com/embed/tqahtMfewjg
In her role as host of an annual national fundraising drive on behalf of the March of Dimes held on the President’s birthday and intended to eradicate infantile paralysis, the First Lady frequently appeared with famous movie stars of the era. These meetings of celebrities from the world of entertainment and politics not only drew guests to the January events, but were also filmed for newsreels that were shown in theaters across the country, after which theater attendants would pass collection jars for donations from movie patrons.
She continued to appear with movie stars in later years on behalf of war-related causes and became comfortable with humorously trading in what had become established as her popular persona. In one motion picture short shown throughout the country, for example, she promoted a charity by attempting to purchase a 25 cent raffle ticket with a dollar bill from comedienne Jack Benny, famous for his parsimony. He joked, “Well I haven’t the change right now, but I’ll be glad to send it to you…if you’ll stay in one place.”
As First Lady, Mrs. Roosevelt also narrated 1940’s Pastor Hall (produced by her son) about a German pacifist, and Training Women For War Production, produced by the National Youth Administration, a 1942 color promotional film.
Public Correspondence:
Eleanor Roosevelt considered her correspondence with the American public to not only be vital to her role as First Lady and her husband’s as President, but also the federal government’s response to its citizens. With her Ladies Home Companion column, beginning in August of 1933, she actually encouraged the citizenry to write her directly. Shortly into her tenure as First Lady, she found her office had become something of a clearinghouse for the most desperate individuals and families left homeless, jobless or hungry as a result of the Great Depression. As many of the New Deal emergency relief agencies were still being established, she took it upon herself to have the individual letters referred to existing federal agencies that might be of direct assistance, charitable organizations or even wealthy private individuals whom she knew might be able to help. She was not able to respond by handwritten letter or even signed typed letter to all of these requests for aid, but she did do so in a surprising large number of cases.
Having discovered that form letters used by her predecessors dated back to Frances Cleveland and offered little support or hope, she established a new system for herself in which every individual received an effective response. In many instances this meant that Eleanor Roosevelt engaged in direct and ongoing written contact with various federal department agency heads to continue efforts to eradicate or respond to problems in their domain. In the first year of the first FDR term, she received 300,000 letters, in the first year of the second term, it dipped to 90,000 and in the first election year of the third term, it again rose, to 150,000. As the US entered World War II, a greater percentage of her public correspondence came from US servicemen and their families, often reporting sub-standard conditions or illegal practices which official War and Navy Department reports might otherwise neglect to address. Her emphasis on public correspondence was not merely a matter of common courtesy; she found it could often helped determine which public issues were important to tackle, saying “my interest…is not aroused by an abstract cause but by the plight of a single person.”
Popular Culture:
Omnipresent in American life for a full one-dozen years at a time conjunctive with strides in communication technologies, Eleanor Roosevelt became the first First Lady to widely enter the general popular culture, a caricatured image affixed as much to the political as well as entertainment landscape of her eras. Usually with affection, but sometimes with scorn, her physical presence, with an emphasis on the protrusion of her upper teeth and flying fur-piece at her neck, made her a frequent target of highly political cartoons in daily newspapers. She was easily skewered for her own policy views or statements, but criticism aimed at her was often a displaced attack on the President.
Perhaps the most famous cartoon depicting her peripatetic persona was a 3 June 1933 New Yorker cartoon which showed coal miners emerging, smug-faced but gleefully shocked, one of them piping up, “For gosh sakes, here comes Mrs. Roosevelt!” As the First Lady who’s highly distinct speech patterns were the first to be widely and frequently heard and soon instantly recognized, her voice lent itself to parody on the radio and in film.
Most prominent among such examples was a Judy Garland depiction in the 1939 film Babes In Arms, in which she sits to knit beside FDR as parodied by Mickey Rooney. “Eleanor” talk-sings: “My day, my day! I breakfasted in Idaho and lunched in Indiana! I opened up a Turkish bath in Helena, Montana! I launched a lovely ferris wheel, then dined in Louisiana!” Here is the sequence:
Youtube movie:https://www.youtube.com/embed/cUxZxvlwxCo
The New Deal
As President, Franklin Roosevelt initiated an extensive network of social and economic reform programs, intended to provide an immediate federal government response to the devastation the Great Depression had wreaked on the lives of a majority of Americans. Several general constituencies found themselves the focus of these reforms, including the business and manufacturing, housing, farming, labor unions.
While Eleanor Roosevelt took an active interest and was well versed in the nuances of all these elements, her focus was based on her experiences in the reform movement. Her efforts can be largely seen as focusing on providing immediate aid and relief to citizens who were homeless, hungry and unemployed. Besides specific programs she fostered, promoted or became involved in behind the scenes, Eleanor Roosevelt maintained her general interest in all of the New Deal by serving as a liaison between the citizens who needed help and the best programs to answer their needs. Those whom she most often sought to ensure equal and fair treatment on behalf of were women, African-Americans, youth, and coal miners.
Finally, Eleanor Roosevelt did not believe that government intervention was the sole means to alleviate the affects of the Depression and she supported numerous private charities, though she worked primarily with and donated her own private funds to the American Friends Service Committee. In fact, in many respects she acted in concert with her predecessor Lou Hoover’s efforts to mobilize voluntary action on behalf of those citizens suffering the most from the economic crisis.
In this November1933 newsreel, among the first filmed of her speaking as First Lady, Mrs. Roosevelt addressed a confederation of women’s clubs in Chicago, and called on “the women” to combat the Great Depression:
Youtube movie:https://www.youtube.com/embed/P0sUz4qgD50
Domestic Inspection Trips:
As part of this general role, she undertook frequent trips around the United States, to even the most remote regions, where she came to inspect various New Deal programs – usually without announcement so program directors could not suddenly disguise problems. Sometimes the issues she felt needed addressing, change or improvement hinged on small matters; other times, she detected a consensus among the recipients of the programs.
Upon returning to Washington, she made either written or verbal reports to the President, his staff and department heads for the problems to be addressed. She drove her car, took the trains and flew by airplane to do this. The First Lady often travelled alone, refusing to be trailed by Secret Service agents. The agency acquiesced only after she had demonstrated ability for self-protection with a gun they insisted she carry. She agreed to this, but never felt the need to use it.
Airline Industry:
Eleanor Roosevelt had taken her first airplane flight while serving as First Lady of New York, following her christening of the Governor’s new plane. While she made many of her day trips to New York City from Washington and cities in between by either automobile or train, she just as frequently hopped on a plane to make the short flight. Almost exclusively, however, she used air flight to make her far-flung trips across the entire nation, making many coast-to-coast trips by plane. Nearly always posing for still pictures and newsreels upon her departure and arrival, her frequent appearance entering and exiting airplanes initially led to her becoming the burgeoning airline industry’s single greatest symbol, helping to allay lingering public fears about flying as a form of travel.
Later, in 1939, the First Lady provided a statement of endorsement of air travel, and posed for a photograph that appeared in national magazines; paid for appearing in the print advertisement, she donated her earnings to charity. Flying also led her to create a strong friendship with the legendary female aviator Amelia Earhart. After a famous dinner at the White House, Earhart took the First Lady for a flight to Baltimore and coaxed her into briefly taking over control of the vehicle. When Mrs. Roosevelt later flew to address the 1940 National Democratic Convention, she wrote of her excitement at being able to take longer control of plane.
Gender Equality:
Among a network of women who had mostly been professional educators, journalists, attorneys, and union leaders in the reform movement during her previous years in New York or who had worked in the Democratic Party at the national or New York state level, Eleanor Roosevelt was the central figure. She worked closely with her friend Molly Dewson, who ran the National Democratic Committee’s Women’s Division, to integrate as many qualified women into the Roosevelt Administration and the federal government in high- and mid-level administrative posts.
The First Lady was successful in changing both the Civil Works Administration and the Federal Emergency Relief Administration to expand to include divisions that dealt specifically with the problems faced by unemployed women. Further, she suggested the individuals who would be appointed to lead the bureaus. Similarly, when she learned that the Civilian Conservation Corps, which provided forestry work to young people, was available only to men, she successfully pressed for the same program for young women.
As the first First Lady to sponsor White House conferences, she hosted several that focused specifically on meeting the needs of women: a November 2, 1933 White House Conference on the Emergency Needs of Unemployed Women, an April 30, 1934 White House Conference on Camps for Unemployed Women, an April 4, 1938 White House Conference on Participation of Negro Women and Children in Federal Welfare Programs, and a June 14, 1944 White House Conference on How Women May Share in Post-War Policy Making. It was not just as recipients of federal government programs or as employees of the federal government that Eleanor Roosevelt carried her advocacy. She consistently addressed gender inequity in American life wherever she saw it. She believed women should be given universal military training and even that housewives should be allowed to work only regular hours and be salaried for it.
African-Americans & Civil Rights:
By 1933, Eleanor Roosevelt’s views had evolved to the point where equality of all races had become one of her core values as a person. Far more than her husband, she believed the U.S. government had a moral duty to initiate and enforce changes that furthered or ensured racial equality. The larger white population at that time as nothing short of radical viewed this, yet it never persuaded her to restrain her words and deeds. Often it was a singular, unambiguous action intended as a symbol that prompted a public facing of the issue. She showed her opposition to segregation laws when she came to the Southern Conference for Human Welfare in November of 1938, in Birmingham, Alabama and moved her chair into the aisle, between the “whites-only” and “colored-only” sections. Invited to the African-American Howard University, for example, she wanted herself photographed as two uniformed male honor guards escorted her in. The picture was widely printed, often used to prompt angry racist attacks on her.
No one single act as First Lady, however, more dramatically illustrated her belief than her much publicized February 26, 1939 resignation from the Daughters of the American Revolution when that organization adhered to local racial restrictions and refused to rent its Constitution Hall for a concert by opera singer Marian Anderson. While she was not responsible for, nor attended the ensuing public concert by Anderson on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial two months later, she strongly supported it. Two months after that, she had Anderson sing in the White House for the King and Queen of England.
On more substantive matters, she was responsible for the 1935 appointment of African-American educator Mary McLeod Bethune to the National Advisory Committee of the National Youth Organization. A year later, she helped to create a Negro Affairs of the NYA and have Bethune named as its director. Privately, the First Lady reflected that when she had come to the point of no longer thinking about greeting her friend Mrs. Bethune with a peck on the cheek, as she did with her white friends, she had come to outgrow her own early prejudices. As a result of their alliance, Mary McLeod Bethune became a valuable advisor to the President as part of what was then termed his “colored Cabinet.”
Beginning in 1934, she worked closely with Walter White, the director of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, the First Lady vigorously and unapologetically pressed the President to support a proposed anti-lynching law – but failed to do so, due to FDR’s practical realization that southern Democrats might abandon his ongoing and future legislative agenda. She also sought support for the bill elsewhere, such as the Association of Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching.
The First Lady also became the first white resident of Washington, D.C. to join the local chapters of both the NAACP and National Urban League, becoming the first white D.C. resident to respond to the group’s membership drives. In 1936, she attended and addressed the annual conventions of both organizations. She worked in tandem with these organizations and also on individual efforts. She worked actively as a chair of the National Committee to Abolish the Poll Tax.
Within the New Deal programs of the federal government, she made efforts to forge more racial equity. She pushed for those administering the Agricultural Adjustment Act to acknowledge how white landowners regularly discriminated against African-Americans and similarly pressured the Resettlement Administration to do so on behalf of black sharecroppers. She sought to make certain that African-Americans were paid the same wage within the ranks of administrative workers in the Federal Emergency Relief Administration. The First Lady sought to aid private African-American institutions as well, including Howard University’s Freedman’s Hospital, for which she lobbied Congress to increase previous federal aid.
By seeking to ensure that African-Americans were beneficiaries of New Deal programs, and cultivating prominent political figures within the community, Eleanor Roosevelt – and through her, FDR, were key factors in the historic shift of African-American support from the Republican Party and their legacy from Lincoln to the Democratic Party.
National Youth Administration:
Emerging from discussions she had with Harry Hopkins, the Works Progress Administration Administrator, Eleanor Roosevelt helped to foster the creation of a National Youth Administration in 1935. The NYA gave out grants to college students who agreed to work part-time, thus giving them some income without having to drop out of school; it also provided job training to those not in school.
In her book This I Remember, Eleanor Roosevelt acknowledged her role in helping to create the National Youth Administration, which FDR established on June 26, 1935: "One of the ideas I agreed to present to Franklin was that of setting up a national youth administration... It was one of the occasions on which I was very proud that the right thing was done regardless of political consequences."
The division provided unemployed young people with apprenticeships, vocational training and work projects. She became perhaps the program’s greatest publicist, writing and speaking frequently of its progress. She toured several dozen of the sites around the nation, and behind the scenes frequently evaluated the success and failures of the program with its officials, attended its regional conferences with state directors and served as a direct liaison to the President.
American Student Union:
Eleanor Roosevelt was inspired by the call to social justice and world peace advocated by the American Student Union, which was composed of college student activists. When the ASU came to Washington as one of many other such groups for an American Youth Congress convention, the First Lady invited the group leaders to the White House. When they sought her support for the American Youth Act, to mandate federal aid to all American young people who lived in need, she refused, feeling it was expensive and unrealistic. When communists, who urged US neutrality in Europe, dominated the group’s leadership she began to distance herself from the group. Nonetheless, she took a front-row seat during 1939 House Un-American Activities Committee hearings when they grilled ASU leader Joseph Lash she had befriended, and later defended their initial good intentions.
During the war, two-thirds of the group’s membership quit because of the communist leaders and joined the International Student Service organization which provided aid to war refugees and Eleanor Roosevelt followed, leading fundraising and publicity efforts.
F.B.I. Surveillance:
Under the direction of FBI director J. Edgar Hoover, a tape-recording was made of the First Lady and the student leader Lash visiting in a hotel room, unknown to them; some suggested it indicated a physical relationship but there is no evidence of this. Once FDR discovered this, he was enraged and ordered all transcripts and tapes destroyed. While Hoover seemingly followed the order, he continued to use espionage to track the activities of the First Lady through her White House tenure and beyond, believing that she was aligned, unwittingly or not, with subversive organizations that threatened the stability of the U.S. government.
Works Progress Administration:
Eleanor Roosevelt was a vigorous supporter and then defender of the Works Progress Administration’s Writers’, Arts and Theater Projects, which gave work to the unemployed in those professions. She had been an avid supporter of the initial effort to bring these professions under eligibility of the Works Progress Administration and successfully lobbied the President to this end; he signed the legislation on June 25, 1935. With its emphasis on the “common man,” and efforts to preserve regional and folk art and culture that had been largely ignored as a vita part of the nation’s heritage, she genuinely enjoyed reading the written works, and attending many of the exhibits and performances produced by the programs. She publicly opposed a 1939 Congressional funding decrease to the programs, and the closing of the theater program.
Arthurdale:
Eleanor Roosevelt was a proponent of the 1933 Federal Subsistence Homestead Division, a $25 million program that was part of the overall National Industrial Recovery Act. Administered by the Department of Interior, it helped resettle communities where a workforce in a predominant occupation had been devastated by the economic turndown.
After an August 1933 inspection tour of Scott’s Run, West Virginia, which was predominated by the coal mining industry, she witnessed the extreme poverty caused by unemployment and under-employment, and its many resulting affects. The urge to provide a viable life and relief to the coal-mining families there led to her unofficially directing what would become the first of the New Deal resettlement projects, located some thirty miles away, in Arthurdale. Witnessing the efforts of the private charity group, the American Friends Service Committee to provide self-help programs there, she discussed the effort with the President and he had it established as a federal project. Feeling a sense of personal responsibility to help the impoverished coal-mining families as soon as possible, the First Lady used her clout to have Arthurdale functioning as quickly as possible.
Within months some fifty prefabricated houses were bought and delivered to the site – only to find they did not fit the foundations. At great expense, an architect was hired to adapt the houses. The First Lady’s insistence that the houses be equipped with modern plumbing, electricity and refrigeration was then seen as a luxury in that era. Co-operative farming, crafts production, and other small industry were established, though proved less lucrative than hoped. While able to lure General Electric to establish a vacuum cleaner assembly plant there, it did not succeed. More successfully she sought private donations from wealthy Americans to establish a hospital and clinic, including the young tobacco heiress Doris Duke after she made a visit with the First Lady to Arthurdale, as seen in this newsreel:
Youtube movie:https://www.youtube.com/embed/xqslJSOyopA
Critics in Congress managed to defeat a Public Works Administration allocation for a post office equipment factory. Eleanor Roosevelt’s so-called “baby,” Arthurdale was a mixed success. She was unable to convince administrators to include African-Americans in the new community. Although it provided quality housing, it was not until defense industry was established there, during the war-preparedness era that the unemployment problems become alleviated. She nevertheless remained committed to the community, particularly the school system that she helped establish through private donations. She further visited other federal homesteads, illustrating her belief in their essential soundness as a method of helping people helping themselves.
Eleanor Roosevelt was a strong supporter of labor unions, though she refused to be seen as a foe of industry. Instead, she sought to encourage mediation over striking. As a working newspaper columnist, Eleanor Roosevelt joined the American Newspaper Guild, the first known First Lady to join a labor union. She would be elected, on a write-in vote, as a delegate to the local Industrial Union Council but with the charge that communist interests dominated the organization, she declined and privately urged the guild to disassociate with the council.
Traditional Role:
Eleanor Roosevelt revered and continued most of the traditional aspects of the First Lady’s role. Initially, she felt that the task of shaking hands and hosting tea parties as her Social Secretary Edith Helm had urged her to do. In short order, however, she came to respect the value which the public placed on her as a living symbol, along with the often lifetime impression of being received in the White House.
Despite her omnipresence in national life as an overtly political figure, she also hosted the annual Easter Egg Roll, dressed formally to welcome guests at state dinners and receptions, toured visitors through the historic rooms of the old mansion, posed for charitable fundraising campaigns, christened ships and planes, opened bazaars and attended luncheons.
Continuing a custom practiced within her own elite family, Eleanor Roosevelt also enjoyed pouring tea for private callers in the presidential living quarters –most of whom came not to make a social visit but rather to discuss pending policy or lobby for reform, legislation or raise issues they wished to get the President’s attention. She also often greeted guests herself at the White House north portico entrance door, whether they were there for a social call or business meeting.
As First Lady, she also chose forms of entertainment at receptions, dinners and other social events which reflected more fully the spectrum of the diverse American popular culture - such as her famously serving hot dogs to the King and Queen of England, and inviting modern dance choreographer Martha Graham to have her troupe perform in the White House. Eleanor Roosevelt’s interest in the arts was not that of a connoisseur but of one who believed in the value of music, dancing, film, poetry, painting, theater and architecture to a general society and to the emotional health and well-being of the individual and this was more firmly expressed in her support of the various arts programs of the WPA than in any innovations she undertook in the mansion itself.
As a housekeeper, she once recalled having dusty draperies pointed out to her, but felt that there were more pressing matters competing for her time than refurbishing the house. She did take particular pride in her renovation of one room in the mansion, a third floor sitting room which she outfitted with furniture made by the Val-Kill factory which she had founded and managed.
Her interest in the quality of food served in the house was also limited, her husband famously complaining about the blandness of meals served to even him. While she may be among the few First Ladies who regularly cooked - she ritualistically liked to make a large chafing dish of scrambled eggs on Sundays, it was as a sociable venue for her meetings and conferences on serious matters.
As for her personal appearance, she was as comfortable appearing in public wearing a hairnet and riding pants as she was in new and expensive gowns on state occasions.
While she sometimes ordered a dress she liked to be made for her in several different colors to spare her what she considered a waste of valuable time trying on clothing, she was also voted among the best-dressed women at different points during her White House tenure and took pride in this. She also accepted clothes at reduced rates in trade for permitting the stores to advertise her patronage by printing pictures of her in their items.
While she might be said to have exemplified her own unique style with signature items such as her veiled and flowered hats and fur-collar neckpieces, she was following popular looks of her era, rather than seeking to popularize her own fashions for others.
Influence on the President:
Although Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt maintained increasingly separate orbits of activities and friendships as the Roosevelt Administration would proceed, they remained mutually committed to each other as partners with a loving past, and continued to share the same general values in terms of how to best get the nation through the Great Depression and then World War II. They continually maintained a dialogue on immediate and long-term domestic and international crises. After nearly all of her fact-finding missions across the country, she reported all the important details she knew would either interest him or provide insight into the mood of an individual or demographic she had met with, often providing her own analysis of their remarks or reactions. This was a continuation of her “eyes and ears” role begun when he was Governor of New York.
Despite their largely separate travels, Eleanor Roosevelt did travel both domestically and outside of the nation, with the President, a fact often overlooked. This included tour of national parks in 1934 and 1937 and a state visit to Mexico, in 1939. She especially relished the western national parks trips where she had the chance to engage with Native Americans still living in some regions without being under the observation of large crowds.
Mrs. Roosevelt would always diminish what she claimed was her influence on the President. It may have been true that she had no greater power to change his mind or sway his intentions than any others in his circle of advisers. As his wife, however, Eleanor Roosevelt could always gain access to, and make her case to him about matters she believed were of great importance.
When, on many occasions, she seemed to visibly irritate him by raising serious issues and others sought to prevent her from upsetting him, she would still compose a memo or note to him that he would give attention and ultimately address. In fact, even when she was reporting to him on an unpleasant reaction to one of his programs or statements or disclosing the disappointing truth of reality, he never took her findings or assessments for granted.
While her focus remained largely on policy-related matters, others found that the First Lady had an excellent instinct for political matters. Although she rigidly refused to assume an overt partisan role in public during her husband’s1936 re-election campaign and maintained her rule not to deliver campaign speeches
She did, however, assume a central role as FDR’s liaison with the National Democratic Committee chairman James Farley. She famously composed a detailed memo reviewing every potential issue that could arise as a threat to his successful winning a second term and his response to each matter she pointed out required twenty pages.
Personal Life:
Their family life was also of obvious mutual interests. Despite the numerous marriages and divorces of her four adult sons and one daughter, the First Lady never permitted her disappointments in their personal lives change her strong commitment to their well-being, making arrangements to see them all, even if it meant extensive travel to do so.
When the Roosevelts moved into the White House in 1933, Anna Dall was going through a divorce and came to live there with her two young children. Eleanor Roosevelt spent much of her leisure time in her first year as First Lady with her two grandchildren, popularly known as “Sistie and her daughter Buzzie.” Throughout the Administration, other grandchildren would also come to live briefly in the White House.
The First Lady had especially strong friendships, most notably with the former reporter Lorena Hickock, and a former New York State trooper Earl Miller. Both of them would later be romantically linked to the First Lady. In the case of Lorena Hickock, there is an extensive archive of personal letters between the two women that does indicate an intense emotional relationship at the least. For periods during the first two Roosevelt terms, Hickok lived at the White House.
1940 Democratic National Convention:
Initially, Eleanor Roosevelt opposed FDR running for an unprecedented third presidential term in 1940, but recognized the need for his leadership, as the nation appeared to likely join its allies in the growing global war with Germany and its allies. Roosevelt’s preference for his vice-presidential candidate Henry Wallace nevertheless created discord at the convention that nominated him that year, being held in Chicago - even from the president’s own campaign manager. To calm the growing discontent and call for party unity, the President called on his wife – who was then relaxing at their Hyde Park estate.
Within hours, she managed to get a plane to fly her to Chicago, where she was driven directly to the convention hall. She then addressed the delegates, becoming the first First Lady to do so. She declared that they were living in “no ordinary time” – a reference less to the third presidential term and more to the vigilance necessary as the nation prepared to become involved in the world war.
Anger about FDR breaking with history by seeking a third term also led to renewed attacks on the First Lady for her activism. It manifested most prominently with a popular campaign button declaring, “We Don’t Want Eleanor Either.”
Continued Interest in New Deal programs and Washington, D.C.:
Although President Roosevelt began to shift his focus from the economic New Deal measures to getting the United States prepared for probably entry into the growing European war as an ally with the British, Eleanor Roosevelt did not lose sight of efforts she began in the early years of the Administration. She remained committed to the principals of the New Deal.
Notably, this included her interest in living conditions of Washington, D.C. She had first been introduced to the alley-dwellings of the capital city where many impoverished families had made their homes when she had first come to Washington in 1913, and trailed First Lady Ellen Wilson in her efforts to clear the city of the sub-standard housing. Eleanor Roosevelt as First Lady managed to see the effort resumed to some degree, but its completion was abruptly ended with the onset of World War II.
Her interest extended to social institutions, which then came under the jurisdiction of the federal government since the U.S. Congress oversaw the capital city’s management. Among the places she visited, Mrs. Roosevelt made inspection tours of a home for indigent elderly residents and a school and child care center. She determined to have the deplorable and embarrassing conditions made public, to prompt necessary federal aid, leading her to become the first First Lady to testify before Congress on February 9, 1940. Here is some of her historical testimony:
Youtube movie:https://www.youtube.com/embed/hcrgQM5k0VM
War-Preparedness and European Refugees:
By 1940, America’s strongest European ally, England was at war with Nazi Germany, and the Roosevelts believed that U.S. involvement was inevitable. One of the First Lady’s greatest concerns during this period was the welfare of refugees – whether they were seeking escape from Spain’s civil war or the Nazi invasion of Holland. Increasingly, the First Lady received letters from around the world seeking her help in finding relatives dislocated by the war. She also participated in publicity for Bundles for Britain and the British War Relief Society, charity organizations that provided clothing in the war-torn nation. She conducted her work both within the federal government, as well as with private organizations like the Emergency Rescue Committee and the U.S. Committee for the Care of European Children.
During the war, her advocacy on behalf of refugees continued and she openly disagreed with the State Department’s chief of visa operations Breckinridge Long who vigorously opposed any change in immigration restrictions. Forced to help refugees immigrate to the U.S. on a case-by-case basis substantially slowed to a trickle the number of appeals she was able to facilitate into entrance visa. Despite lobbying Congress, she also failed to help push through the Child Refugee Bill that intended to permit 10,000 more children a year over an existing quota from Germany.
Office of Civilian Defense:
Although the job was unsalaried, Eleanor Roosevelt became the first First Lady to assume an official working position during her incumbency, when she went to work as the assistant director of the Office of Civilian Defense on September 22, 1941.
While the director, New York Mayor Fiorello LaGuardia directed efforts to obtain and stockpile fire department and other emergency supplies, in anticipation of potential attacks on the U.S., his other assistant director took charge of physical fitness and training. It was Eleanor Roosevelt’s job to foment a national volunteer force to work on the home front, rallied by the call of patriotism and to further ensure that the types of work they would be trained for would be viable for civilian defense.
Usually walking to the office, located about ten blocks away on Washington’s Dupont Circle, the First Lady hired her friend, the dancer Mayris Chaney, to develop a calisthenics program for children if they were constricted to bomb shelters – but she also taught recreational dancing to the Washington staff of the OCD. In addition, the First Lady’s friends Joseph Lash and Melvyn Douglas were both appointed to committee positions and drew federal stipends.
In short order the “fan dancer” and the First Lady’s “boondoggle” hit headlines and enraged members of Congress. The unrelenting criticism of her maintaining the job, coming from both in Congress and the media, began to damage the OCD’s viability at a time when it was being reorganized in the first weeks following American entry into the war. After a period of just five months, she felt she had no choice but to resign, believing future presidential spouses who might also do so would inevitably suffer the same criticisms.
World War II:
Pearl Harbor Attack:
Perhaps the most historical of Eleanor Roosevelt’s radio broadcasts was the one she did on the evening of December 7, 1941. Earlier that day, Japanese air forces bombed the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. During the day, within hours of the attack, the entire nation heard the news that all knew would inevitably mean U.S. involvement in the world war. It would not be another full day before the President addressed the American people in his declaration of war before Congress against Japan and its allies. Thus, it was Eleanor Roosevelt who became the first national figure who spoke with the people about what this would mean, in terms of the changes of normal life and particularly for women and young men of enlistment age. Here is her original recording:
Youtube movie:https://www.youtube.com/embed/Z4QXpYuNO1Q
Symbolism:
Eleanor Roosevelt would become an important symbol during World War II.
Whether as the mother of four sons who were active servicemen, putting the entire White House system on the same food and gas rationing system as the rest of the country, participating in air raids and learning how to use a gas mask, she made certain that her life in the White House mirrored that of the general population.
She had a victory garden planted on the South Lawn – as many citizens did on their lawns. She made frequent radio appeals for donations of money and blood to the Red Cross. Her multitude of volunteer wartime efforts also reflected the war work of American women, particularly in factories and other jobs that had been held by men who were now serving overseas. Throughout the war, in her remarks and writings, she continually underlined the purposes of democracy as the driving force for the sacrifices being made. In both the pre-war and war periods, she especially spoke out in strong language against the tyranny of fascism. She opposed the U.S. neutrality during the Spanish civil war, supporting the Loyalist government against the fascist uprising led by General Francisco Franco.
The American First Lady was an unrelenting and harsh critic in writing and in her press conferences of Germany’s Nazi Party leader and Third Reich leader Adolph Hitler and Italy’s fascist president Benito Mussolini. In turn, both dictators would attack her in their broadcasts and prompted their state-controlled media to eviscerate her in cartoons and editorials.
She also kept a long-view on decisions that would affect post-war life as well, opposing FDR, for example, who supported the construction of temporary housing structures that would be destroyed after their use. The First Lady believed that structures made to last would aid in later public housing needs.
Japanese-American Internment and The Holocaust:
Eleanor Roosevelt was emotionally troubled by the Roosevelt Administration’s February 1942 policy of interning Japanese-Americans in ten relocation camps in western states. The decision was based on claims that members of the minority group were spying on behalf of Japanese interests and intended to sabotage American defense efforts. The First Lady initially voiced her vigorous protest to the plan in public, and soon enlisted the Attorney General to fight the policy with the President. With public sentiment vigorously anti-Japanese, however, she lost her case, focusing then on their processing, making as certain as she could that they were evacuated from their homes with a semblance of dignity, and that families were kept together. Rapidly, she intervened with the War Relocation Authority to begin helping individuals to secure early releases from the camps. Further, she helped to facilitate access to the frozen bank accounts of and by Japanese citizens who’d been denied citizenship. In April 1943, she visited one camp in Arizona on the urging of FDR when demonstrations were held there. By November of that year, her disgust and shame at the camps seemed to have had some influence on FDR for he approved plans to begin letting individuals be given exit permits, though he maintained the general policy until after he had won his fourth presidential election, in 1944.
As early as 1935, Eleanor Roosevelt was receiving word directly from friends in Europe about the increasing mistreatment, harassment and threats to Jews by the rise to power of Adolf Hitler. While she continued to try and facilitate refugee status for individuals, she found resistance within the State Department to support of the Wagner-Rogers Bill that would have permitted Jewish children to emigrate to the United States. As she learned directly of the systematic murder of Jews began, the First Lady was unsuccessful in convincing her husband to make their rescue a priority of war. Still, she did not refrain from seeking to raise American public attention to the crisis, joining with Jewish-American leaders in their speaking tours and attending a benefit performance intended to raise sympathy for the victims who remained in concentration camps.
Women’s War Work:
In large part, at least initially, Eleanor Roosevelt’s public activities during the war preparedness and wartime periods were intended to set an example for American women’s involvement in the effort. As men left jobs to join the service, women found themselves assuming mechanical and other professions traditionally held by men, the First Lady introduced a government information film that was shown widely in across the nation’s movie theaters:
Youtube movie:https://www.youtube.com/embed/JFzQhjFcFSM
She was largely successful in making the case to private industry who were government contractors that the so-called “Rosie the Riveters,” in factories should provide day care centers for those working women who also had the responsibilities of motherhood to young children, as well as in-house eating facilities and a grocery vendor who could bring food and other household needs to sell at the factories - sparing women the extra time to shop.
Despite her lobbying in favor of women workers receiving the same pay for the same work done by their male co-workers, however, she was unable to prompt any federal law ensuring this. She continued to serve as a point of help to those women who found themselves discriminated against in either industry or the service, such as her investigating discrimination against individual African-Americans at a Women's Auxiliary Army Corps base in Des Moines, Iowa. Believing strongly in the ability of women to also perform active duty in supportive roles, if not in direct combat, she was an early proponent of the Women’s Air Service Pilot program, forging an alliance with its initiator, the aviator Jackie Cochran, and its military sponsor, General Harold Arnold.
Fair Employment Practices Commission and African-American Servicemen:
Perhaps the one piece of legislation that she influenced which had the greatest and most lasting impact was the Fair Employment Practices Commission. It had come about when NAACP President Walter White and the President of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters A. Philip Randolph demanded through her that the President that racially discriminatory policies in the defense industry and the armed forces desegregated. Otherwise, they threatened to call a massive protest march in Washington.
Through the First Lady’s persistent imploring, the President issued Executive Order 8802 to create a Committee on Fair Employment Practices, on 25 June 1941. It banned employment discrimination by both the federal government and defense contractors based on “race, creed, color or national origin.” It also established the commission, which oversaw that industries complied with the law. In turn, the protest plans were canceled.
Eleanor Roosevelt had felt strongly that the Armed Forces should be desegregated, but short of that, she did all she could on behalf of individual servicemen who alerted her to cases of discrimination. She also sought ways to illustrate the equal bravery and competence of African-Americans in the service. Perhaps her single greatest contribution in this area was her simple appearance in a photograph as black pilots flew her in a plane. The image not only gave immediate credibility to the Tuskegee Airmen’s participation in the war, but also prompted the President to shortly thereafter issue by executive order the creation of the Tuskegee Airman Program.
In no uncertain terms, however, did Eleanor Roosevelt accept the legitimacy of segregated armed services: she directly equated American racism with Nazi Aryanism.
Red Cross Representative:
Having served as honorary vice chair of the Red Cross since her first year as First Lady, Eleanor Roosevelt became increasingly involved in recommending internal improvements to the organization and publicly leading blood donation and fundraising drives during the war. When she made overseas trips, she visited Red Cross units to ensure that servicemen were receiving all they needed, and she wore the organization’s uniform on her South Pacific trip in1943 as its unsalaried representative.
Wartime Travels:
Invited by the Queen of England to review the wartime work of English women, Eleanor Roosevelt went to England from October 21 to November 17, 1942, making her the first incumbent First Lady to a make lengthy trip outside of the U.S. without the President (Ida McKinley had briefly visited Mexico in May of 1901 for a breakfast gathering and Edith Wilson had joined President Wilson for his post-World War I trip to Europe). She visited U.S. serviceman, including segregated African-American troops, reporting to the President on needed improvements in recreational facilities and other needs that were not being met. She also became the first First Lady to broadcast a message to foreign people, delivering a radio address on the BBC. The American First Lady’s trip to England created a sensation in the war-torn ally nation, as seen in this British newsreel:
Youtube movie:https://www.youtube.com/embed/FHJIjPgGiU0
She made her second international trip from August 17 to September 24, 1943 as a representative of the Red Cross, to the South Pacific islands, New Zealand and Australia. She went not only to also assess the unique tropical conditions the servicemen endured but also improve relations with the Australian government. She would see about 400,000 American servicemen at bases and hospitals, including a stop at Guadalcanal.
The second trip engendered public criticism that she had no right to travel so widely in wartime when others were limited, and that she had no right to wear the Red Cross uniform since she’d never received their requisite training. When she made her third wartime overseas trip from March 4-28, 1944, to bases in the Caribbean basin, Central and South America, she did not wear the uniform. During this third wartime trip, the American First Lady also visited the nation of Brazil for three days.
This newsreel compilation provides an overview of Eleanor Roosevelt’s role as a friend to the American “G.I. Joe” during her overseas trips. She makes a point about American democracy in action at the end:
Youtube movie:https://www.youtube.com/embed/rDNk1Xg5W08
Friend of the G.I.:
In large part as a result of her international trips to visit U.S. servicemen, where she spent hours at hospital bedsides and joined in all meals in the mess halls, Eleanor Roosevelt forged many personal friendships with individual members of the various services. She carried on personal correspondence with them but also following up on their reports of problems or irregularities in the system. She also reviewed the routine letters sent by the President to families of the military who were killed in action and had them redrafted with a more humane tone. As an editorial in the Army’s newspaper Stars and Stripes observed, this woman whose own four sons were all on active duty, resembled their own mothers back home and that many came to think of and respond to her as such.
Anna Roosevelt, Surrogate First Lady:
Like presidential daughters dating back to Martha Jefferson Randolph, Anna Roosevelt Dall Boettiger [Halstead], served for a period of several months as an unofficial surrogate First Lady. Unlike other First Daughters who assumed entirely the public role of hostess at White House events like state dinners and receptions, the duties assumed by Anna Roosevelt were both wider and narrower in scope. Since she served as a surrogate First Lady towards the end of her father’s presidency, as well as his life, and as World War II was accelerating towards its end, Anna Roosevelt’s importance to the Administration was less as a public hostess and more as a manager of the President’s private social life, which inevitably blended with his perpetual state of work.
With her overseas travels and accelerated activities during World War II, Eleanor Roosevelt was increasingly apart from her husband by the spring of 1944, whether at the White House, their Hyde Park estate, or what was called the President’s “Little Cottage” at Warm Springs, Georgia. At the same time, FDR had grown even more dependent upon the companionship of a personal aide and assistant, following the death of his devoted secretary and friend Missy Lehand. While the President’s cousin Daisy Suckley had become a larger presence in his circle, Anna Roosevelt moved into the White House to fulfill her role on a full-time basis. Thirty-eight years old at the time she moved from her home in Seattle, Washington, it was the second time she made the White House her home, and under similar circumstances.
At the time of her father’s election, Anna Roosevelt was estranged from her husband Curtis Dall, who she had married in 1926 and with whom she had two children (Anna Eleanor, born in 1927 and known as “Sistie” and later “Ellie,” and Curtis, born in 1930).
She and her children moved into the White House with her parents, and for two years she worked as a magazine editor and freelance writer of magazine articles and two children’s books about a fictional rabbit, “Scamper.” Although she often accompanied her mother at White House events, Anna Roosevelt did not assume any public role as a substitute for the First Lady during this first period of residency there.
In 1934, her divorce from Dall was finalized. A year later she married Clarence J. Boettiger, a divorced journalist and publisher of the Seattle Post-Intelligencer and by him had one son (John, born in 1939). While residing in Seattle, Anna Roosevelt continued working as a writer, assuming a women’s column in her husband’s newspaper. Eleanor Roosevelt visited her daughter and her family on the West Coast on several occasions.
With the onset of World War II, Anna Roosevelt was able to secure her husband an officer’s commission by lobbying General Dwight Eisenhower. A year later, at her father’s request, she relocated with her youngest son to the White House. Other than several private parties for young people, and the small-scale, private entertaining of several members of European royal families who had sought refuge from the Third Reich invasion of their nations, there were no large state dinners or ceremonies at the White House. Instead, the President would have a few friends and close advisers join him for dinners. Anna Roosevelt’s focus was thus less on planning special events than seeing to the comfort of her increasingly infirm father and seeking out special guests he asked to join them.
The arrangement seemed, at least initially, to suit Eleanor Roosevelt who was unburdened of this responsibility and able to continue her focus on war work. When the First Lady returned from her 1944 trip to the Caribbean Basin, South and Central America and sought to lobby her weary husband on problems affecting members the armed services, Anna Roosevelt found herself in the position of having to keep her mother away from her father to protect him from becoming upset. This created a natural friction between the mother and daughter.
It reached a head a month after FDR’s fourth inauguration when the First Lady expressed her interest in joining him for the famous Yalta Conference with Allied leaders, the Soviet Union’s Josef Stalin and England’s Winston Churchill. Instead, ignoring the wishes of his wife, the President decided he wanted Anna Roosevelt to serve as his companion on the trip, on the weak premise that Churchill’s daughter Sarah would be accompanying her father.
While both Eleanor Roosevelt and Anna Roosevelt were aware of Franklin D. Roosevelt’s dramatically deteriorating health, neither sought to intercede with his doctors to assume a different course of his health care; it was an atmosphere dictated by the President, who acted with denial about his condition and refused to openly discuss the matter with any of his family or aides.
Neither Anna Roosevelt nor Eleanor Roosevelt was with him when he died suddenly of a cerebral hemorrhage at Warm Springs, Georgia on April 12, 1945. However, among those women present were Lucy Mercer Rutherfurd, who had been the mistress of FDR during World War I. Her presence at FDR’s small White House gatherings through 1944 and early 1945 had been facilitated by at request by Anna Roosevelt. After his death, Anna Roosevelt confessed this to her mother. Eleanor Roosevelt was wounded by the betrayal and created a definitive breach between them.
Anna Roosevelt did help her mother with the rapid emptying of the family’s twelve years of accumulated possessions in the White House. The widowed First Lady moved out on April 23, 1945, just eleven days after her husband’s death.
Following her father’s burial, Anna Roosevelt and her husband relocated to Arizona where they bought a weekly newspaper the following year and turned it into the daily Arizona Times by 1947. Although she assumed the positions of columnist, executive editor, and publisher, by 1948 the endeavor failed and Anna Roosevelt returned to New York.
There she and her mother healed their breach and co-hosted a radio show for a year, until September of 1949. She then returned to her work as a magazine editor and freelance writer. That same year she divorced her husband, who committed suicide in 1950.
In 1953, Anna Roosevelt married for a third time, to doctor James A. Halstead and pursued a degree in social work at UCLA. In her third marriage, Anna Roosevelt merged her professional experiences with the work of her husband, assuming public relations leadership at medical institutions where her husband worked, from Syracuse to Iran to Kentucky to Michigan.
At her mother’s side through her final illness, Anna Roosevelt would go on to assume many of her late mother’s positions with organizations focused on women’s equality, human rights, liberal politics. Relocating to New York state, she died of throat cancer in 1975 and was buried in a Roosevelt family cemetery not far from her parents.
Life After the White House:
Shortly after she left the White House, the widowed Eleanor Roosevelt told reporters, “The story is over,” as far as any future role in public affairs. As events proved, she was entirely incorrect. She continued to be a familiar public figure in national life, writing books, her newspaper and magazine columns, moving her commentaries from radio to television, and delivering speeches. Her activities were largely in the areas of international peace and civil rights. She would assume political positions in jobs and commissions focused on issues of domestic and international consequence, all in an appointive rather than elective position.
Initially, the president’s widow returned to her home “Val-Kill,” located near the famous Hyde Park “Springwood” estate of her late husband. She completed the process of removing those items and furnishings that she did not believe had historical significance and were of personal value to her and her children. Although her husband had established the Franklin D. Roosevelt presidential library and museum in his lifetime, she maintained an interest in its oversight and attended ceremonies and events marking the institution’s evolution through the rest of her life.
While honors would soon come to her as a result of her own endeavors and achievements after her White House years, Mrs. Roosevelt always granted those requests by individuals and organizations to show tribute to her late husband’s memory.
In her immediate years of widowhood, Eleanor Roosevelt was on hand to welcome world leaders who came to pay their respects at the burial place of the late president. She also continued to keep his Scottie Fala as her own personal companion, the dog remaining an object of global interest and affection.
Although she always considered Val-Kill her true home and where she especially enjoyed entertaining friends during the summer, conducting meetings with political and other famous figures, and hosting family holiday gatherings, the former First Lady largely kept her base of operations in a series of New York City residences. Her Val-Kill home would be declared a National Historic Site in 1984, the centennial of her birth and be opened to the public as a museum.
United Nations:
With her proven dedication to global peace, Eleanor Roosevelt accepted the appointment by President Harry Truman to serve as the only woman among the five American delegates to the newly-created United Nations in December of 1945. She was in attendance at the historic first meeting of the institution in London, in January of 1946.
The State Department’s Office of Special Political Affairs declared that Eleanor Roosevelt was exceedingly successful in her new role, helping forge international support in the General Assembly for nearly all American proposals.
Eleanor Roosevelt became an unrelenting advocate for millions of oppressed and tyrannized peoples, calling on European colonial powers to grant independence to countries they conquered, advocating the creation of Israel as a Jewish homeland (which was a view that had evolved from her earlier lack of support for Zionism), and reminding the free world of the oppressions suffered by those who lived under repressive communist and socialist rule.
She stood firmly against the Soviets by pressing for the resettlement of refugees whom that nation claimed were political enemies of the state and must be repatriated. Her leadership denied the Soviet intentions denied in the General Assembly.
Certainly, the most enduring legacy of her life was her drafting the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, a result of her being initially assigned to the Social, Humanitarian and Culture Committee at the U.N. She wrote and edited portions of the document, managing to strike enough of a general balance that had relevance to the widely divergent cultures of the many nations, and won her own country’s support of the document.
In her later capacity as the Human Rights Commission chair, she presented the declaration to the U.N. General Assembly on 10 December 1948, which then passed it. The document remains as the principal guide to assessing a country’s treatment of its people. In this recording, she reads a portion of it:
Youtube movie:https://www.youtube.com/embed/GWjguo545vE
Despite losing her job when the Republicans regained the White House in 1952, she proved her commitment to her belief in the U.N.’s vital role in the postwar world by working without salary as a spokesperson of the American Association of the United Nations. In this role, she espoused the values of the U.N. throughout the United States.
Democratic Party:
Although she resisted various suggestions that she run for public office herself, Eleanor Roosevelt remained deeply enmeshed in national Democratic Party activities, becoming one of the most powerful figures within it – though without title or salary. Always loyal to the party and friendly with her husband’s successor, Eleanor Roosevelt did not refrain from disagreeing with Truman. She was disappointed that he had not continued to fight for health care coverage once it was defeated and for his support of the anti-union Taft-Hartley Bill, which she opposed. On the other hand, she stood proudly with him on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial in July of 1947, when he became the first President to address the NAACP.
Her support for and attendance at the first convention of the liberal anti-communist organization Americans For Democratic Action, founded in January 1947, gave it the necessary prestige to establish itself as a powerful organization. When it was later under attack by Senator Joseph McCarthy, she associated herself more widely with the ADA. Throughout the 1950’s, she would urge the ADA to adopt more moderate stances on issues like civil rights, not because her commitment had flagged but because she wished to avoid a deep schism within the Democratic Party between northern liberals and southern conservatives.
Eleanor Roosevelt attended and addressed the National Democratic Conventions in 1952 and 1956 in support of Adlai Stevenson, and in 1960 in support of John F. Kennedy.
Civil and Equal Rights:
Eleanor Roosevelt’s commitment to civil rights only increased after she left the White House. She successfully backed an effort to create the Justice Department’s Civil Rights Division, and worked as a board member of the NAACP, among other civil rights organizations. She defied the threats of the Ku Klux Klan to deliver a speech to activists at the Highlander Folk School in Tennessee, and visited civil rights worker incarcerated for participating in protests.
She criticized the Eisenhower Administration as being too passive in the civil rights struggle and helped fundraise for those civil rights activists who employed nonviolent civil disobedience, most notably doing so with Martin Luther King, Jr. and Rosa Parks to sustain the boycott of the Montgomery, Alabama bus system because it remained rigidly segregated. She also proved instrumental in helping to make permanent the wartime Fair Employment Practices Committee that outlawed racial discrimination in federal employment or that with federal contractors.
It was not just the rights of African-Americans that continued to concern her. Increasingly pro-labor, the former First Lady served as the co-chair of a fundraiser for striking union members, organized by the National Citizens Political Action Committee.
Eleanor Roosevelt testified a last time before Congress in April 1962 in support of legislation that would guarantee gender pay equity. She also came to eventually support the Equal Rights Amendment, dropping her previous reservations about it. Her last official role was as chair of President Kennedy’s Commission on the Status of Women, which she chaired, delivering its report in December 1961.
Communism:
Having no illusions about the human cost of the communist system, Eleanor Roosevelt viewed Soviet and Eastern European leaders and their intentions with a jaundiced eye, but believed strongly that continuing dialogue with them was vital.
Opponents of this view often cast her throughout the 1950’s as a secret communist, or at least sympathetic to the socialism, charges she had encountered as First Lady. She was a leading and, at times, lone voice of concern about civil liberties as Senator Joseph McCarthy conducted his hearings seeking out those who might have communist sympathies within the government.
Global Issues and Travel:
Both in her capacity as a UN representative and with her status as a former First Lady, Eleanor Roosevelt spent much of the twenty-two years between leaving the White House and her death in global travel.
In the immediate postwar years, she toured refugee camps of displaced Jews in the former Nazi Germany and of Palestinians in Jordan who had been displaced by the creation of Israel. Besides revisiting many of the European nations she had been to in earlier years, she also made her first forays to all of the Scandinavian countries, Lebanon, Syria, Israel, Pakistan, India, Chile, the Philippines, Nepal, Greece, Turkey, Yugoslavia, Indonesia, Hong Kong, Morocco, The Soviet Union, and Iran.
In 1955, Eleanor Roosevelt went to Cambodia, in what was then known (along with Vietnam and Laos) as French Indochina. Some later discerned that she would have vigorously opposed the increased American military presence in Vietnam under Democratic presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson, because she did not believe that France should seek to reclaim its colonial hold on the three Indochinese nations.
In all of these nations, she met not only with leaders, even if it proved to be contentious, but also with the everyday people. She found was particularly beloved in India and Pakistan because of her strong stand in favor of racial equality in the United States.
In 1953, she visited the site of Hiroshima, where the Americans had dropped the atomic bomb. As the widow of the Allied wartime leader, she felt it particularly important to make trips to the former Axis nations of Japan and Germany and to personally visit young schoolchildren in both an effort of healing of the recent past and encourage the democracy of their future.
The Kennedy Administration:
Eleanor Roosevelt assumed an active role in the first Democratic Administration since Harry Truman’s. Despite her reluctance to support him as the Democratic nominee for the presidency in 1960, she took an avid interest in several initiatives of his Administration. She returned to interview him on two occasions for her regular radio broadcast. Here is a recording of her conversation with President Kennedy on the role and status of women in American society:
Youtube movie:https://www.youtube.com/embed/XdfVxB-sXxc
Besides her role as chair of the president’s commission on the Status of Women, she would serve on the Peace Corps Advisory Board, chair a public hearing on violence against civil rights workers, and co-chair the Tractors for Freedom Committee to expedite the release of Americans held prisoner in Cuba after the failed Bay of Pigs invasion. In 1961 Eleanor and seven other former and future First Ladies, attended Kennedy’s inauguration.
Relationship with Other First Ladies:
From what is known about the varying degrees of contact that First Ladies have had with one another, it appears that Eleanor Roosevelt. Shortly before Mrs. Roosevelt’s death in 1962, there was a trend in the press to compare or link her legacy with that of the popular, incumbent at the time, Jacqueline Kennedy. Eleanor Roosevelt was an admirer of her as well, writing a column early in her successor’s tenure predicting great success for her. They had met on several occasions at Democratic Party events in the late 1950s, when Senator Kennedy was gearing up for his presidential run. At the time, however, Mrs. Kennedy felt resentment towards political attacks Mrs. Roosevelt had made on her husband.
Of all her predecessors, Eleanor Roosevelt had been closest to, and knew personally her aunt Edith Roosevelt. While the elderly woman did not visit her niece in the White House, they did maintain a strong correspondence with each other.
Among her earliest predecessors, Eleanor Roosevelt met Frances Cleveland on several occasions during the FDR presidency, and the latter, a loyal Democratic, was an outspoken supporter of both him and his wife
Before becoming First Lady, Eleanor Roosevelt met Nellie Taft in Canada where both of their families maintained summer residences; Mrs. Taft, although a Democrat, suggested her support of the former’s overt political role and on several occasions joined each other at events in Washington.
When Eleanor Roosevelt first came to Washington in 1913 upon her husband’s appointment as Assistant Navy Secretary, she joined Ellen Wilson in her effort to eradicate Washington, D.C. of its alley dwellings.
It was during her time in Europe, following the end of World War I and the subsequent trans-Atlantic voyage back to the U.S. that Eleanor Roosevelt first came to know Edith Wilson. During the 1920s, while Mrs. Roosevelt was especially active in the Women’s National Democratic Club, she tried but failed to enlist Mrs. Wilson’s public involvement on political issues. Through all twelve years of the Roosevelt presidency, however, Eleanor Roosevelt frequently invited Edith Wilson as a guest to formal and informal events and the latter nearly always accepted, despite evidence showing she did not always approve of her successor’s activism. In later years, the two often saw one another and would inevitably pose together, at Democratic Party events in Washington.
Eleanor Roosevelt had brief encounters with two of her three Republican predecessors. In 1917 and 1918, she worked with Florence Harding, then the spouse of a U.S. Senator, at the soldier canteen established in Union Station. Following her husband’s election but before his inauguration, Eleanor Roosevelt attended the funeral of former President Calvin Coolidge when she had a chance to meet Grace Coolidge. They would have
Lou Hoover and Eleanor Roosevelt had formed a friendly relationship as neighbors while both of their husbands were serving in the Wilson Administration, and even picnicked together on one occasions. With the 1932 presidential race between their husbands, however, came resentments that never entirely healed. During the FDR presidency, however, the women were on at least friendly terms at a Girl Scouts leadership event in Boston where they both spoke.
Although they only worked together as First Lady and Second Lady for less than three months, from January to April of 1945, Eleanor Roosevelt formed a collegial relationship with Bess Truman that lasted until the former’s 1962 death. Almost always their contact was during Democratic Party events or those involving former Presidents and former First Ladies.
Eleanor Roosevelt and Mamie Eisenhower met on several occasions during and after World War II. While working at a wartime canteen in Washington, Mrs. Eisenhower served a plate of lunch to the visiting First Lady (who did not know the identity of her waitress). They had the opportunity to speak at events during the time that General Eisenhower was serving as president of Columbia University and head of NATO.
Although they did not become First Ladies until after her death, several of her successors met or saw Mrs. Roosevelt. Lady Bird Johnson was a congressional spouse during the FDR presidency and was not only a White House dinner guest but made home movies of Eleanor Roosevelt and they also met at congressional spouse gatherings that the First Lady attended. Before her marriage, while working in a hospital, Pat Nixon attended a social welfare conference in New York’s Waldorf Astoria hotel where she heard the First Lady speak. Betty Ford was in the presence of Eleanor Roosevelt when they both attended the 1961 Kennedy Inauguration and later spoke of how, along with her mother, Mrs. Roosevelt served as a role model for her as a young woman. Nancy Reagan witnessed Eleanor Roosevelt deliver her 1940 speech to the Democratic Convention, held in Chicago where she then lived, seated with her mother and the mayor. As a young mother in the 1950s, Barbara Bush became a friend to the granddaughter of Eleanor Roosevelt and when the former First Lady came to visit the latter in Texas, she met the former.
Although she remained a widow, Eleanor Roosevelt did develop close emotional relationships that sustained and provided a depth of happiness in her personal life. The two men to whom she drew especially close were both married – Joseph P. Lash and her doctor, David Gurewitsch, and she also grew close to their wives, Trude and Edna, respectively. She often travelled with the couples. Her closeness to her doctor proved especially helpful after she was diagnosed and lived with aplastic anemia and tuberculosis for the last two years of her life.
Wiltwyck School for Boys:
Despite all of her power within the Democratic Party, labor and civil rights movement, and her high visibility in the national media, one of the most important aspects of Eleanor Roosevelt’s later life was her support for the small Wiltwyck School for Boys that had been established during her first term as First Lady.
Located across the Hudson River from the Roosevelt estate, its students were between the ages of 8 and 12 years old, and were mostly African-American youths who had been abandoned by their families, and neglected by society. The student body was composed largely of children from impoverished sections of New York City who had developed severe behavioral and emotional problems, and most ended up in the legal system to be classified as “juvenile delinquents.” During World War II, however, the school was in danger of closing due to lack of funds. Drawing on her own professional experiences in establishing the Todhunter School, Eleanor Roosevelt helped to save the institution, joining the board of directors and reorganizing it as a private institution, instead of being a project of the Episcopal City Mission Society. In the late 1940s through the early 1960s, the former First Lady regularly invited the entire student body to visit with her, hosting picnics and explorations of nature in the woods and by the streams adjoining the Roosevelt property. The First Lady devoted herself to raising as much money as she could to keep the school flourishing, and it continued to be a primary focus of her private life until her death, when she succeeded in helping it move to new headquarters in Westchester County.
As part of her fundraising efforts, Mrs. Roosevelt willingly faced criticism from even friends and family to film a television commercial for Good Luck margarine in 1957. Many of her admirers strenuously argued against what they believed would be viewed as compromising her dignity as a former First Lady. The fact that she earned $35,000 for just a few seconds of work appearing in the TV ad, allowed her to make an enormous financial donation to the Wiltwyck School as well as the Citizens Committee for Children of New York, which provided food, housing and education for other disadvantaged children of New York City who did not fit into the narrow age and gender parameters of the school. Here is the commercial:
Youtube movie:https://www.youtube.com/embed/6HY8vxYX78s
Death and Burial:
Age: 78 years, 27 days
Burial: Hyde Park, N.Y.
Eleanor Roosevelt’s funeral was the first of a former First Lady to be attended by multiple First Ladies: Bess Truman, Jacqueline Kennedy and (future First Lady) Lady Bird Johnson, establishing a precedent for those who died chronologically after her. It was the first one of a former First Lady to be attended by the incumbent President (John F. Kennedy) since Theodore Roosevelt had attended that of Julia Grant in 1902 and, the only other example, that of Dolley Madison in 1849, when President Zachary Taylor delivered the eulogy.
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Общие / New human species found / сайт обо всём
New human species found
Archaeologists have uncovered teeth in China that don’t appear to belong to any known species of Homo—not quite modern humans, not quite Neanderthals. The findings, published in the American Journal of Physical Anthropology, suggests that the teeth may belong to hybrids of known populations or even to a whole new species of human ancestors we never knew about.
From about 340,000 to 90,000 years ago, Homo neanderthalensis resided in Europe and western Asia, while anatomically modern humans (Homo sapiens) were living in Africa. Meanwhile, a mysterious group of extinct human relatives called Denisovans were present in Siberia. While the "hobbit," Homo floresiensis, showed up in Indonesia 95,000 years ago, the evolutionary picture of the genus Homo remains incomplete due to the dearth of East Asian hominin (that’s us and our ancestors) fossils from the late Middle to the early Late Pleistocene.
In 1976, hominin dental samples—nine teeth from four individuals, BBC reports—were recovered from the early Late Pleistocene site of Xujiayao in northern China. Now, an international team from the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Spain’s National Research Center on Human Evolution (CENIEH) have re-analyzed the fossils, measuring the size and shape of various dental features, from the roots to the crown to the grooves between the cusps.
e 'landscapes in miniature,'" study author María Martinón-Torres of CENIEH tells the BBC. "Each of those slopes, grooves, valleys define a pattern or combination of features that can be distinctive of a population."
They found a mix of primitive and derived features: They’re different from archaic and recent modern humans, and they have some features that are common (but not exclusive) to the Neanderthal lineage. Furthermore, the fossils have retained some primitive structures that have previously been found in East Asian hominins from the Early and Middle Pleistocene, despite how they’re geologically younger.
These findings indicate the existence of a population in China that’s contemporary with Homo sapiens and Neanderthals, but of “unclear taxonomic status.” Perhaps these features were the result of interbreeding between different Homospecies, or perhaps there’s a primitive hominin lineage that survived late into the Late Pleistocene in China. "What we have seen is an unknown group for us," Martinón-Torres says. But she cautions: “We cannot go further to say it's a new species because we need to compare it to other things."
Images via Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana
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The 2014 national championship in field hockey is the 19th NCAA title in UConn history and the 20th overall national championship. Apr 30, 2020. 1 seeded and top-ranked UConn field hockey team competes for its third national championship in five years on Sunday, November 19 in Louisville, KY. As of 2013, she has coached for 24 seasons at UConn, and is the active leader in games coached with 752. Home > United States > Storrs, CT > UConn Field Hockey . UConn wins field hockey national title (0:39) Connecticut caps a perfect season with a 2-1 victory over Maryland to take home the NCAA title on Sunday. Over her 30-year career as a head coach at UConn, Stevens guided the Huskies to national championships in 2013, 2014 and 2017. The UConn Field Hockey team finally got over the hump Sunday afternoon, beating Duke 2-0 to claim the program's first National Championship in nearly 30 years. Stevens finishes her 43-year coaching career with a record of 700-189-24, the only NCAA field hockey coach to amass 700 wins. Nearby gyms & sports facilities. UConn has now won field hockey championships in 1981, 1985, 2013 and 2014, and the title is the 20th national championship in school history, joining … UConn Field Hockey . She has made 17 NCAA Tournaments and won 12 Big East championships, a record. Carolina Thunder 701 Wilcox St, Marion . This is UConn Country. The official Field Hockey page for the University of Connecticut Huskies A Fan Page For the UConn Field Hockey Team Nancy Stevens - Head Coach Paul Caddy - Associate Head Coach Cheri Herr - Assistant Coach The University of Connecticut Women's Field Hockey program is nationally recognized as one of the top teams in the country. (Keith Long photo courtesy of UConn Sports Information) STORRS, August 21, 2020 – Nancy Stevens, the winningest coach in NCAA field hockey history and leader of the University of Connecticut… The UConn Huskies field hockey team represents the University of Connecticut in the sport of field hockey in the NCAA Division I level Big East Conference.The team plays at the George J. Sherman Family-Sports Complex, and is coached by Nancy Stevens, the most successful coach in college field hockey.The Huskies have won five national championships, including 2013, 2014, and 2017, also … The official 2019 Field Hockey schedule for the University of Connecticut Huskies Chloe Hunnable and Mckenzie Townsend scored as the UConn women's field hockey team won the NCAA national championship in a 2-0 victory over Duke Sunday at Norfolk, Va. Underground Elite Fitness 1807 Meredith Park Drive, McDonough . The field hockey team, though, is preparing for its most anticipated matchup all season. The year was 1981, Title XI was in place and Women's Sports was starting to gain momentum at colleges and universities across the country. The No. 9 Maryland on Sunday in the national championship game at … The other NCAA Championships are in field hockey … November 20, 2017 - Kristen Cole - UConn Communications. Latest Stories . #BleedBlue UConn 1981 Field Hockey National Champions. The UConn field hockey celebrates after winning their second straight NCAA national championship in 2014 with a 1-0 win over Syracuse. Nancy Stevens, former head coach of the UConn field hockey program, has been selected as the recipient of the 2021 NCAA President's Pat Summitt Award. Maryland brings an 11-0 record into this weekend, the best mark in the country. The other NCAA championships are in: field hockey … Jensen Beach Golf Club 3869 NW Royal Oak Drive, Jensen Beach . Nancy Stevens is the head coach of the Connecticut Huskies field hockey team. Not that they didn't exist. Low-key, high-scoring Charlotte Veitner has Connecticut on brink of field hockey national title Connecticut forward Charlotte Veitner averages a Division I-best 1.55 goals per game. Subscribe Subscribe; e-edition She was a member of the Ireland team that played in the 2018 Women's Hockey World Cup final. The Huskies face Maryland at … The Connecticut Huskies won their third field hockey national championship with a 2-0 victory over the Duke Blue Devils on Sunday afternoon in Norfolk, Va. 2019 DI Field Hockey Championship: Semifinal Recap 2019 DI Field Hockey Semifinal: Princeton vs. Virginia Full Replay 2019 DI Field Hockey Semifinal: Boston College vs. North Carolina Full Replay Welcome to the Official Facebook Page of UConn Field Hockey. Field Hockey's First All Americans and UConn's First National Championship . Head coach Nancy Stevens is second from left in the back row. The top-ranked UConn Huskies field hockey team ended its perfect season with a hard-fought 2-1 victory over No. Dickinson served as … Belgrade Lakes Yoga and Wellness 87 Main Street #2, Belgrade . Nancy Stevens, who led UConn to three national titles in becoming the winningest coach in NCAA field hockey history, retired Friday. View Article. National team; Years: Team: Apps (Gls) 2016– Ireland: 76 (17) Roisin Upton (born 1 April 1994) is an Ireland women's field hockey international. 2 after losing to No. Zumba with Kandie B Dallas . Currently Reading. The 2017 national championship in field hockey is the 22nd NCAA title in UConn history and the 23th overall national championship. Under her, UConn reached 24 … She built UConn into a national power and led the program to NCAA championships in 2013, 2014 and 2017, compiling a record of 520-139-8. SHARE . A way for the 1981 team to stay connected. In their rich history, the Huskies have won 2 National Championships and have appeared in the NCAATournament 22 times. 1 North Carolina in the ACC championship game. LANCASTER, Pa. – UConn field hockey sophomore Lindsay Dickinson helped lead the U.S. U-19 team to the 2019 Young Women's National Championship Tuesday. UConn field hockey finishes perfect season with third national championship in five years. Long-time UConn field hockey coach Nancy Stevens retires, after 700 wins, the most in college field hockey, and three NCAA titles during her 30-year career in … UConn field hockey beats North Carolina 2-1 in an overtime shootout in the NCAA semifinal game to advance to the national championship game Sunday. The AIAW was the governing body for many years until the NCAA took overseeing Women's Athletics. She has the most wins of any field hockey coach in Division I history, with 572. UConn field hockey team wins national championship. LIKE this page to get Facebook updates on team member activities. UConn is ranked third in the National Field Hockey Coaches Association poll; Syracuse is No. Upton was also a member of the Connecticut Huskies teams that won the 2013 and 2014 NCAA Division I Field Hockey Championships. The 1985 NCAA Division I Field Hockey Championship was the fifth women's collegiate field hockey tournament organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association, to determine the top college field hockey team in the United States.The Connecticut Huskies won their second championship, defeating the three-time defending champions, the Old Dominion Lady Monarchs, in the final. 47 likes. UConn Field Hockey won its second straight National Championship Sunday afternoon with a 1-0 victory over Syracuse at the NCAA Final Four in College Park, MD. 292 talking about this. Cole - UConn Communications the 19th NCAA title in UConn history and the 20th overall championship. 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Mesa Public Schools Governing Board:
Ladies and Gentlemen:
Mr. Robert Meko has informed us that he will be proposing to you that, the next time an elementary school is opened/named, that it be named The Arthur L. Hall Elementary School. We are offering this letter in support of that proposal. We knew Mr. Hall well and we are confident that naming a Mesa school after Mr. Hall is a fine and well-justified tribute.
Arthur Hall passed away in Camden, Maine, July 6, 2000. He had been a friend and inspirational educator as an Artist-in-Residence in the Mesa Public Schools for the past twenty-one years. It was during his residency in MPS in February, 2000 that he was diagnosed as having incurable cancer. He strove to complete his contractual obligations to each of the schools for which he was scheduled to teach. He was finally persuaded to enter the hospital to begin treatment, in an effort to forestall the inevitable. Following several weeks of treatment, he had gained enough strength to make the trip back to Maine, where he was to continue his medical treatments. He was able to complete one last one-week residency in New Hampshire before he had to be hospitalized again. Throughout this entire period, Mr. Hall kept alive his plans to do residencies in the future. It was very important to him that he return to teaching children.
The impact of Mr. Hall’s presence in the Mesa schools each January and February (sometimes extending into March) is immeasurable. He was a friend to many people. He was an inspiration to the students and their teachers. He was a master teacher who was able to identify with each one of his students as individuals. In some instances he had the opportunity to return to the same schools in subsequent and sometimes consecutive years. In those cases, he remembered the students he had taken a special interest in, and the impact on these individuals was particularly notable. His contributions will live on in the lives of the many thousands of students he taught. The nature of his teaching and the content of what he taught was so very deeply human, so very deeply valued by those he taught, that we have an enduring monument which is carried about by each of these persons.
But he is now gone, and the means of carrying to future students that rich gift he offered so generously is no longer within his/our grasp. How can we sustain his memory and retain the kinds of education he offered so very skillfully? Various options are available. Many communities seek to memorialize the contributions of such gifted and generous persons by naming institutions or landmarks after them. In Philadelphia, a community which identifies very keenly with Arthur Hall’s contributions to the culture of that city, proposals are being developed for naming after him a street on or near the Avenue of the Arts. Also, there are some efforts planned for naming an institution or theater after Arthur Hall.
Naming a theater and/or street in Philadelphia makes sense for that location. Although Arthur Hall was always an influential force as an educator wherever he worked, he is also very well known for his work as a dancer and choreographer in Philadelphia. It is there that he established the Ile Ife Black Humanitarian Center and the first African-American Dance Troupe. He traveled internationally as well as throughout the United States with this Troupe, bringing alive the performance traditions of Western African dance.
Arthur Hall’s impact in the Mesa community was primarily as an educator. He choreographed performances at each of the schools and with the very well-respected Ballet Etudes company, but his lasting and most widespread impact will be through his teaching. Therefore, it is appropriate that his teaching contributions be honored and his legacy be sustained by naming an elementary school in Mesa Arthur L. Hall Elementary School.
Some observers not very familiar with Mr. Hall’s contributions may view them as being only representative of the African-American culture. We express that as only because there are many communities he has touched in which the African-American culture was an extremely important element to come to know. The African-American culture is highly valued and has its rightful place among the many cultures found in the United States. Many of Mr. Hall’s followers are searching for ways to continue his fine work in arousing and sustaining pride in "black" consciousness. Mr. Hall would probably not object to that "specialization" of his contributions, as he was very dedicated to the mission of drawing forth and focusing upon the spirituality and genuine expressions to be found in the African culture. It was clear, however, that Mr. Hall saw his mission very broadly. He frequently spoke and wrote of wanting to serve all humankind, to ease ugliness and hurt, to celebrate the human spirit, and to make regal each move of each human being, regardless of body size, shape, or dancing ability.
He carried that mission into communities which were vastly diverse. He taught in the inner city area of North Philadelphia, where the predominant culture was African-American. He taught in Camden, Maine, a community with a culture which contrasted vividly with that in North Philadelphia. His message seemed to be the same. Humanity is valued through its grasp of the human spirit, a spirit which is given clarity and greater essence through dance. This is a universal message.
Since Mr. Hall’s death, we have communicated with hundreds of persons around the U.S. who called Arthur their friend. We are impressed and moved by the depth of feeling they have for him, the stories they tell us about the special experiences they had through his leadership, and the memories which they will always cherish. Many spoke of dancing experiences several decades ago which they seemed to remember with vivid detail. The theme of these memories always seemed to be the same. Arthur helped them find forms of expression which they had not yet discovered for themselves, and they felt they were forever changed as a result. He was a true artist, capable of intensifying a moment or series of moments. His performances were riveting events which left lasting impressions on dancers and audiences alike.
He carried his message to schools throughout the country. He did it through a cultural integrity and cultural mixture which was educationally lasting, energetic, demanding, absorbing, and captivating for all. A school which carries his name and embodies the unique symbols of his work is a strong and appropriate way for Mesa Schools to say "thank you" to Arthur Hall and to celebrate in a continuing fashion his way of teaching.
Lois Wells - Retired, Mesa Public Schools Elementary Teacher
Barrie Wells - Professor Emeritus, School of Music, ASU
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Lacking Guidance
Many believe that John was talking about today in the closing days of the present world age, that the Christian Church would become powerless and lose its identity. That it would appear to have the form of righteousness:
“(For if a man know not how to rule his own house, how shall he take care of the church of God?)” (1 Timothy 3:5)
And would become Laodicean in spirit:
“I KNOW THY WORKS, THAT THOU ART NEITHER COLD NOR HOT: I WOULD THOU WERT COLD OR HOT. SO THEN BECAUSE THOU ART LUKEWARM, AND NEITHER COLD NOR HOT, I WILL SPUE THEE OUT OF MY MOUTH. Because thou sayest, I am rich, and increased with goods, and have need of nothing; and knowest not that thou art wretched, and miserable, and poor, and blind, and naked: I counsel thee to buy of me gold tried in the fire, that thou mayest be rich; and white raiment, that thou mayest be clothed, and that the shame of thy nakedness do not appear; and anoint thine eyes with eyesalve, that thou mayest see.” (Revelation 3:15-18)
This is also why Yahweh told us to come out of her so that we are not partakers of her iniquity.
“And he cried mightily with a strong voice, saying, Babylon the great is fallen, is fallen, and is become the habitation of devils, and the hold of every foul spirit, and a cage of every unclean and hateful bird. For all nations have drunk of the wine of the wrath of her fornication, and the kings of the earth have committed fornication with her, and the merchants of the earth are waxed rich through the abundance of her delicacies. And I heard another voice from heaven, saying, Come out of her, my people, that ye be not partakers of her sins, and that ye receive not of her plagues. For her sins have reached unto heaven, and God hath remembered her iniquities.” (Revelation 18:2-5)
Of course this verse is speaking of Babylon the great which has fallen, and represents the Catholic Church and Judaism, as Judaism is the controlling influence of the church for many centuries. It also represents what the Jews and their proselytes have turned the Christian Church into, a den of thieves, murderers (do not some of the Judeo-Christian clergy advocate abortion and steal from their “sheep” through their false teaching?) Therefore the clergy of Judeo-Christianity have turned into Priests of Baal, who teach in whore house called churches in America.
L.A.C. Smith, once Chairman of the British Columbia Council of Churches, in which reference is made to the increase in church attendance (which the Judeo-Christians call a revival) but showing no evidence of a deepening of religious life. He further states:
“More people are showing an interest, due to alarm over the world situation. But it is a herd-type of behavior, coming in spasms. They go to church only if it doesn’t entail sacrifice or inconvience.”
This is a sarcastic reference to those who recognize the importance of the time in which we are living, and who are aware of the accuracy with which the words of the prophets are being fulfilled today, he goes on to state:
“The neurotics look at the moon; see something there that makes them certain the end of the world is coming; and so they rush to church as ‘oncers’ or ‘twicers.’”
What is the real cause of the failure to maintain continuous church attendance? May it not be due to the very conditions the Lord foretold through the Prophet Ezekiel which would be extant at this time? Ecclesiastical leaders, or shepherds, are severely condemned for living at ease while refusing to feed His flock:
“Woe be to shepherds of Israel that do feed themselves! Should not the shepherds feed the flocks? Ye eat the fat (get the prestige), and ye clothe you with the wool (dress in fine clothes, drive fine cars and live in large and fine houses), ye kill them that are fed (even now they are killing True Christians in America today): but ye feed not the flock.” (Ezekiel 34:2-3)
It is preposterous to expect men and women to continue to seek spiritual nourishment and guidance in these critical days from pastors who are themselves unable to understand the messages the prophets have directed to this generation. (Do not the Judeo-Christian clergy not serve in 501(c)(3) churches which has turned them into nothing but the propaganda mills of the government and the Jews?) When their congregations come seeking the bread of knowledge, they are handed a stone of unbelief.
Angus James MacQueen of London, Ont., Canada, cites the cynics who accuse the Church of being “a respectable distraction,” and its ministers “pitchmen of hard and soft sell who slaughter the teachings of Christ.” He observes:
“On the whole, the church is not doing a very creditable job; and, in many areas of her life, she is unfit for the tasks of the hour. She is too comfortable, too well-adjusted to the status quo, and too ready to equate it with the Kingdom of God on earth.”
Dr. (sic) David L. Matson of Westwood hills Christian Church in Los Angeles reported that a Full Gospel Baptist Church was paying $5.00 per hour during the month of August 2003 for white people to attend its Sunday services in an effort to increase racial diversity (Even though the Scriptures clearly reveal that Race Mixing is an Abomination to God). Then he suggests that there are ways many churches engage in the practice of paying people to attend.
“We pay people to go to church WHEN WE GIVE THEM WHAT THEY WANT, AND WHAT MANY PEOPLE WANT MOST TODAY IN OUR MEDIA-SATURATED CULTURE IS TO BE ENTERTAINED. (In other words they don’t go to church to learn God’s Laws, Statutes, Judgments, they go to be entertained by the antics of those in attendance. Jumping around like jungle bunnies to African beat music, and acting like some sort of idiot, which are comical to watch) Thus, it is extremely important that people ‘enjoy’ our worship service, that we make it as ‘exciting’ as possible, we raise the energy level to compete with other forms of entertainment readily available in our society...And what better way to make it worth their while than to ‘pay’ them with a lively band or a dramatic skit?”
Dr. Matson goes on to say,
“We pay them when we pander to them. Some people attend church simply to help themselves cope with a problem or deal with some addictive behavior. In an attempt to be relevant to their needs, preachers become psychologists, theology becomes therapy, and sermons become sessions on the psychiatrist’s couch. While church should always be a place for hurting people to find the healing that can only come from God, it is not a hospital. A hospital is a place one ‘leaves’ after one gets well; a church is a place one ‘stays’ after one gets well...” (The Cathedral Messenger, August 24, 10808, LaComte Ave, Los Angeles, CA).
Thus by this we can see that a great number of the mega-churches (Such as Robert Schuler’s Glass Cathedral) are places where thousands gather for an hour or two to hear emotional illustrations, or to watch a humorous skit or video, and find out how to feel good about themselves.
No one is convicted of sin. The righteousness and justice of God and the necessity of the Gospel are never mentioned. Instead of preaching repentance and self-denial the appeal is to “one’s felt needs.” Christian faith is lacking because the word of God upon which faith must rest is lacking. The fact is, no one knows the first thing about faith and Christian living except through the word of God given in the scriptures. The Psalmist had it right when he wrote, “Thy word have I laid up in my heart, that I might not sin against thee.” (Psalm 119:11)
These are well-put description of the modern church’s “Laodicean” condition, but the solution they advocate shows to what extent it is lacking in understanding of the significance of the events transpiring in the world today and their meaning in the light of the Prophetic Word. This is what they declare the ministers to do:
“Shake off their cloaks of comfort and complacency, and leap into the arena to champion such causes as better working conditions, collective bargaining, and the United Nations.”
No wonder Yahweh, through Ezekiel, has condemned the modern ecclesiastical Judeo-Christian leaders, accusing them of trampling down the pastures, fouling the food of His people and mudding the waters of truth, in stead of calling for a return to Yahweh and to His Word, to His commandments, statutes, and judgments. (See Ezekiel 34:18-19)
The only solution for the present appalling state of spiritual decadence, as seen by Mr. MacQueen, is to champion better working conditions, support collective bargaining and give aid and comfort to the AntiChrist Jews and their puppet the United Nations., an organization where the name of Yahweh is never mentioned and Yahshua is completely ignored!
When the day of revelation is fully come; and come it will in the very near future as the result of the demonstration of Divine power and might, what will these false, deceiving leaders then say to those whom they have deceived by failing to guide them into an understanding of the depth and breadth and height of the marvelous truths presented in the Scriptures?
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Vol 4 No 4 (2021): Nigerian Journal of Animal Science and Technology /
Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Parasite in Sheep and Goat in Shendam town of Plateau State, Nigeria
Gofwan, P. G. Department of Animal Health Technology College of Agriculture Garkawa
Machido, H. Department of Animal Health Technology College of Agriculture Garkawa
Dastu, A. J. Department of Animal Health Technology College of Agriculture Garkawa
Yibis, G. G. Department of Animal Health Technology College of Agriculture Garkawa
Keywords: gastrointestinal parasites, Age, faecal, infestation rate, small ruminants, sex
Gastrointestinal parasites have a devastating effect on the performance of small ruminants. The study was to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in sheep and goats in Shendam town of plateau state, Nigeria. A total of 600 faecal samples 300 each were collected from sheep and goats for both wet and dry season from July 2019 to March 2020. The results show a prevalence rate of 471(78.8%) gastrointestinal parasites infestation in the study area goats (90.8%) had significantly (P< 0.05) higher infection rate than sheep (71.2%). Adult goats and sheep had higher rate than the young with 65.3% and 63.6% respectively infestation rate of sheep. Sheep (100%) was significantly (P<0.05) higher than goat (93.3%) during the wet season while the reverse (40 vs. 80%) was observed during the dry season. Common gastrointestinal parasites found include; Coccidia oocyst, oesophagostomum, Trichuris, Haemonchus, Moneiza, Dicrocoelium, Fasciola and Bunostonum. Proper preventive measures such as regular deworming should be put in place in order to improve on the productivity of small ruminants particularly in the study area.
Adejinmi, O. O., Adejinmi, J. O., Falohun, O. O., Aderoju, O. R. and Dauda, W. J. (2015). Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Parasites of Goats in Ibadan, Southwest, Nigeria. World Journal of Agricultural Research. 3(2) 49-51. doi: 10.12691/wjar-3-2-2.
Emiru, B., Amede, Y., Tigre, W., Feyera, T. and Deressa B. (2013). Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Parasites of Small Ruminants in Gechi District, Southwest Ethiopia. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 7(5):169-174.
Gofwan, P. G., Sudik, S. D., Machido, H., Dastu, A. J. Damter, S. A. and Raymond, J. R. (2019). Levels of infestation of gastrointestinal parasites in sheep and goat in Langtang North local Government Area of Plateau state Nigeria. Proceeding of the third ASUCA National Scientific Conference Pp 108- 112.
Gofwan, P. G.,Sudik, S. D., Dastu, A. J., Machido H., Damter, S. A., and Magaji, S. T. (2021). Incidence of helminthes infestation in small ruminants in three Local Government Areas of Plateau State,Nigeria. Journal of animal science and veterinary medicine. Volume 6(2) Pp 88- 92.
Gonfa, S., Basaznew, B., Achenef, M. (2013). An Abattoir Survey on Gastrointestinal Nematodes in Sheep and Goats in Hemex-Export Abattoir, Bishoftu (Debre Zeit), Central Ethiopia. J. Adv. Vet. Res. 3 ,60-63.
Kumar, B., Maharana, B. R., Prasad, A., Joseph, P. J. and Patel, B. (2016). Seasonal incidence of parasitic diseases in bovines of south western Gujarat, India. Journal of Parasitic Diseases. 40(4):1342-1346.
Khajuria, J. K., Katoch, R., Yadav, A., Godara, R., Gupta, S. K. and Singh, A. (2013). Seasonal prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths in sheep and goats of middle agro-climatic zone of Jammu province. Journal of Parasitic Diseases.37(1):21-25.
Molla, S. H., Bandyopadhyay, P. K. (2016). Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in economically important Bonpala sheep in India. IOSR-Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science. 9(1):87-93.
Misra, S., Arora, N., Batra, M. and Agrawal, D. K. (2010). Prevalence of gastro-intestinal parasites in goat, Indian Veterinary Journal. 87:1033-1034.
Nemomsa, T. (2013). Analysis of climate variability, trend, future climate change and its impact on maize cultivars in central Ethiopia. MSc thesis, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia.
Ntonifor, H. N., Shei, S. J., Ndaleh, N. W., Mbunkur, G. N. (2013). Epidemiological studies of GIT parasitic infections in ruminants in Jakiri, Bui Division, North West Region of Cameroon. J. Vet. Med. Anim. Health. 5(12): 344-352.
Okorafor, U. P., Obebe, O. O., Unigwe, C. R., Atoyebi, T. J. and Ogunlaye, O. (2015). Studies on the gut parasites of small ruminants reared in some selected farms in Ido Local government area of Oyo state Nigeria. Applied research journal, vol. 1, issue 3 pp 153-159.
Obijiaku, I. N. and Agbede, R. I. S. (2007): Prevalence of coccidiosis and associated pathology in lambs and kids from three contrasting management systems. In: Proceedings of the 44th Annualcongress of the Nigerian Veterinary Medical Association (NVMA), Delta 2007. Pp 229-232.
Radostits, O. M., Gay, C. C., Hinchcliff, K. W., Constable, P. D. (2006). Nematode diseases of the alimentary tract. In: Veterinary Medicine, A textbook of the diseases of cattle, horses, sheep, pigs and goats, 10th ed. 1541-1553.
Singh, A., Das, G., Roy, B., Nath, S., Naresh, R. and Kumar S. (2015). Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitic infection in goat of Madhya Pradesh, India, Journal of Parasitic Diseases, 39(4):716-719.
Swarnkar, C. P. and Singh, D. (2014). Influence of annual rainfall on epidemiology of gastrointestinal parasites in sheep flocks of Rajasthan. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 84(11):1171-1176.
Temesgen, A. and Walanso, I. (2015). Major gastrointestinal helminth parasites of grazing small ruminants in and around Ambo town of Central Oromia, Ethiopia Temesgen Ayana and Walanso Ifa.
Varadharajan, A. and Vijayalakshmi, R. (2015) Prevalence and seasonal occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in small ruminants of coastal areas of Tamil Nadu. Int. J. Sci. Res. Publ., 5(2): 1-4.
Gofwan, P. G., Machido, H., Dastu, A. J., & Yibis, G. G. (2021). Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Parasite in Sheep and Goat in Shendam town of Plateau State, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Animal Science and Technology (NJAST), 4(4), 30 - 34. Retrieved from http://njast.com.ng/index.php/home/article/view/170
Vol 4 No 4 (2021): Nigerian Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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Kurdish woman is first victim of Channel tragedy to be named
A Kurdish woman from northern Iraq has become the first victim of this week’s mass drowning in the Channel to be named.
Maryam Nuri Mohamed Amin was messaging her fiance, who lives in the UK, when the group’s dinghy started deflating on Wednesday.
The 24-year-old was one of 27 people who died while attempting to cross from France to Britain.
She tried to reassure him that they would be rescued, he told the BBC. However, all but two passengers died off the northern French coast.
Other casualties included 17 men, six other women, one of whom was pregnant, and three children. The disaster was the biggest loss of life by drowning in the Channel in years.
The survivors, an Iraqi and a Somali, have been discharged from hospital in Calais and will be questioned about what happened.
Amin, nicknamed Baran, had been trying to cross with a female relative.
She had been exchanging messages with her fiance on Snapchat just before the dinghy started to lose air and passengers began to try to get water out of it. He also said he had been following her position using GPS tracking.
Amin was from the town of Souran in the north-east of Iraqi Kurdistan, near the border with Turkey and Iran, according to the Times. Her family in Kurdistan are awaiting the return of her body for a funeral.
A relative said: “Her story is the same as everyone else – she was looking for a better life. One of her uncles was one of the people closest to me. He cared for us when my father was a political prisoner. But the family have had such a tragic life.”
The prime minister of Kurdistan, Masrour Barzani, said on Thursday that his thoughts are with families affected.
An emergency search was triggered just after 2pm on Wednesday when a fishing boat spotted several people in the sea off the coast of France.
A joint search-and-rescue operation by British and French authorities was launched, and eventually called off late on Wednesday.
Police have said they believe the boat set out from the Dunkirk area east of Calais. The French authorities have arrested five suspected people traffickers in connection with the incident.
More than three times the number of people have crossed the Channel in 2021 than last year. The issue has caused tension both in the UK government, and between the UK and France.
Kurdish, Named, tragedy, victimChannel, womanfirst
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Rockingham County Sheriff's Office
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Deputy Sheriff John E. Rafter
Deputy Sheriff John E. Rafter died in the line of duty on February 7, 1983. Deputy Rafter is the only Rockingham County Deputy Sheriff to die in the line of duty. He was 28 years old at the time of his death and a 6 year veteran of the Rockingham County Sheriff's Office and a 7 year veteran of law enforcement. His unit number, 214, has been permanently retired.
Deputy Rafter was shot and killed after he became overpowered by a prisoner he was transporting to the Augusta County Jail in Staunton, Virginia.
Deputy Rafter had stopped to assist a disabled motorist on the exit ramp from I-81, near the city of Staunton when the prisoner overpowered him and gained control of his .357 caliber service revolver. The suspect shot Deputy Rafter as they struggled in the front seat of the patrol car.
The suspect was convicted of murdering Deputy Rafter and sentenced to life in prison.
Deputy Rafter is survived by his wife, parents, brother, and sister.
Sergeant Glenn A. Andes
Sergeant Glenn A. Andes died July 26, 1998. Sergeant Andes drowned, while saving the life of his son, after having been caught in a riptide current. He was vacationing with his family in North Carolina.
Sergeant Andes was in charge of the Crime Prevention Unit and was a long-time DARE Officer for Rockingham County. He was a 16 year veteran of the Rockingham County Sheriff's Office. His unit number, 220, has been permanently retired. He is survived by his wife, son, mother, and brothers.
In his honor, the Glenn Andes Youth Enhancement Fund has been created to help the youth of our community. Profits from an annual golf tournament went directly to this fund. This year, scholarships in the amount of $1000 will be awarded to four high school seniors.
Since 1999, the Glenn Andes Youth Enhancement Fund has awarded $31,000 in scholarships. The fund has also made donations to other non-profit organizations that benefit children, which includes Big Brothers / Big Sisters, Boys and Girls Club, and Camp Kaleidoscope. These organizations have received approximately $18,000 from the fund.
The Sheriff would like to thank all of the sponsors, donors, and participants in all of the past golf tournaments.
Home | Sheriff Bryan Hutcheson | About Us | Accreditation | Agency Divisions | Auxiliary Deputy Sheriff Program | Calls For Service | Civil Process | Community & Current Events | Crime Solvers | Employment Opportunities | Graffiti Removal | In Memoriam | Law Enforcement Links | Most Wanted | R/H Regional Jail | Security Tips | Services | Special Operations | Submit Crime Tips or Suspicious Activity | Year End Summary
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A Letter From John » Visit www.griefrecoverymethod.com » Watch a Testimonial »
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Where were you when I needed you?
The saddest question we ever hear is, "Where were you when I needed you?"
That's what people ask when they find out what we do in helping grievers. We're presenting helpful and accurate information on this site, at the time you need it most, with the hope that you'll never need to ask that question.
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We bring our personal experience in dealing with the deaths of people who were important to us, and our professional know-how in helping grievers for more than 30 years. We'll help you distinguish between the "raw grief" that is your normal and natural reaction to the death, and the equally normal "unresolved grief" that relates to the unfinished emotions that are part of the physical ending of all relationships.
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Sometimes our tears help our heart and body deal with the emotional pain of loss. (Published 8/4/2015)
My husband left me after 42 years. My daughter found out she has Parkinson’s at the young age of 35. And yesterday, my granddaughter was killed in a freak accident. What can I do to stop crying? I have cried for a month. Please help me.
A Grief Expert Replies:
Dear Freda,
Thanks for your note and question. We’re not so sure that you need to stop crying right now. We imagine the death of your granddaughter is overwhelming for you, and especially in the circumstances of how she died. Your tears may be the best way for your heart and body to deal with the painful energy caused by her death.
Also, as your note indicates, the recent death of your granddaughter brings back other losses which compound your sadness and pain.
Your emotional plate is full!
Go to the library or bookstore and get a copy of The Grief Recovery Handbook. Read it and take the actions it suggests. It will help you deal with all the losses and disappointments that have, and continue to affect your life.
Russell and John
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Ask The Grief Experts Archives
Dealing effectively with your grief helps you guide your children in theirs. (Published 12/27/16)
Inaccurate advice, though "well-meaning," can confuse or even hurt grieving people. (Published 12/20/16)
It's normal for dying people — and their caretakers — to get cranky from time to time. (Published 12/13/16)
Sad as it may be, you can't help someone who doesn't want help. (Published 12/06/16)
One of the benefits of grief recovery is remembering the person the way we knew them in life, not only as we knew them in death. (Published 11/29/16)
When going through a loved one's belongings, have a trusted friend with you. (Published 11/22/16)
If you’d known, you would have found a way to visit; nothing would have stopped you. (Published 11/15/16)
Forgiveness is for you, to give you freedom. It is not for the person(s) who hurt you. (Published 11/08/16)
There’s no one universal thing to say or do that will always fit. (Published 11/1/16)
What people show on the outside and what they feel on the inside are often worlds apart.
Punishing yourself for something you didn't cause, and lack the power to undo, is unfair to you. (Published 10/18/16)
Most people don’t even know that recovery from loss is possible, much less how to go about it. (Published 10/11/16)
Other issues are distracting, but your primary task is dealing with your broken heart. (Published 10/4/16)
The attempt to protect children from grief can backfire!
The best way to find out how someone else feels is for you to go first! (Published 09/20/2016)
Sometimes the best way to help someone else is to help yourself. (Published 9/13/2016)
The circumstances of a death — whether by suicide or other causes — can create a temporary or long-term breach of faith. (Published 9/6/2016)
Sometimes unresolved grief can look like competition or comparison.
It's sad when those we love are no longer here. It's even sadder when we don't talk about them.
Many stimuli, conscious or unconscious, can provoke memories that make us sad. (Published 8/16/2016)
It's normal and natural to have sad emotions when looking at pictures and videos. (Published 8/9/16)
Time can’t heal an emotional wound anymore than it can fix a flat tire (Published 8/2/16)
When our parents die, many of our feelings are childlike, no matter how old we are. (Published 7/26/16)
Telling children the truth about suicide of a parent — difficult but essential. (Published 7/19/2016)
Death of a former spouse from whom we’re divorced can be devastating. (Published 7/12/2016)
Remarriages often cause wedges between original family members. (Published 7/5/2016)
It's dangerous to compare our insides to other people's outsides. (Published 6/28/2016)
It's not helpful to blame ourselves for the decisions others make. (Published 6/21/2016)
The death of a younger sibling can be very painful for those of us who helped raise them. (Published 6/7/2016)
We don’t want to “get over” our emotional relationships with people or animals; that would mean forgetting them. (Published 5/31/2016)
It's not uncommon for grieving parents to struggle with pain and jealousy when they see children at family events. (Published 5/24/2016)
You may regret the decision NOT to attend a memorial more than the sad feelings you might have if you attend. (Published 5/17/2016)
It's heartbreaking, but grandparents are often legally kept from seeing their grandkids. (Published 5/11/2016)
There's a world of difference between grief and grief recovery. (Published 5/3/2016)
Memorials and shrines are excellent reminders of people we love, but they do not necessarily facilitate recovery.
You can't change someone who doesn't want to change.
We must grieve and complete each relationship so that fond memories do not turn painful on us. (Published 4/19/2016)
It's difficult to make crucial medical decisions when your emotions are up in the air. (Published 4/12/2016)
New relationship doesn't have that "I can't live without you" feeling. (Published 4/5/2016)
Finally found dad, only to have him torn away by a gory accident. (Published 3/29/2016)
The divorce or break-up ends the day-to-day physical relationship, but doesn't complete the emotional attachment. (Published 3/22/2016)
Opening the emotional door to all memories, not just the painful ones. (Published 3/15/2016)
The difficult task of letting your Alzheimer's affected family member or friend be who they are not who they used to be. (Published 3/8/2016)
The news that a former spouse died years ago can feel as raw as if it hapened today. (Published 3/1/2016)
When someone from our romantic past dies it can unearth unfinished emotions, or unresolved grief. (Published 02/23/2016)
Adapting to the painful, unwanted reality of the death of somone meaningful to you isn't easy or painless. (Published 2/16/2016)
It's best to deal with your emotions first to help you to deal with memorabilia. (Published 2/9/2016)
We need a permanent, re-locatable place to visit to remember important people in our lives who have died. (Published 2/2/2016)
It's not always possible to get back into the inner circle, but you can still deal with your broken heart. (Published 01/26/2016)
The right tools are the pathway to recovery from grief. (Published 01/19/2016)
Moving forward even when you feel stuck. (Published 1/12/2016)
An awful lot of people would just as soon leap over the holiday months - too many remidners of people who are gone. (Published 1/5/2016)
Your feelings are unique to you. Don't compare them with what it "looks" like others are feeling. (Published 12/29/2015)
Grief can feel worse when insensitive language is used. (Published 12/22/2015)
When we don't know how to deal with our grief, we wait for time to heal us, but it only gets worse. (Published 12/15/2015)
Grief is not a "process." It is a collection of memories and feelings about your relationship with the person who died. (Published 12/8/2015)
How to shift from constant painful feelings to a more comprehensive emotional view of the whole relationship. (Published 12/1/2015)
The feelings attached to a broken heart don't just roll off your back. (Published 11/24/2015)
Fear is the normal and natural emotional reaction to loss. As in: How will I go on without that person? (Published 11/17/2015)
It’s okay to talk about things that weren’t always happy or pleasant. Be truthful but not mean-spirited. (Published 11/11/2015)
Nothing wrong with dreaming about someone you miss. (Published 11/3/2015)
Grief without recovery can be never-ending! (Published 10/20/2015)
Widows and widowers sometimes get trapped in the idea that they're "cheating" when they enter new relationships. (Published 10/13/2015)
There are always things we wish had been different, better, or more, especially at the end of the life of someone important to us. (Published 10/6/2015)
Whether or not the perpetrator is ever caught and punished, you must get yourself out of your emotional jail. (Poblishec 09/29/2015)
Sometimes our well-intended advice backfires—especially when it wasn’t requested. (Published 9/22/2015)
It's difficult to define normal as it relates to grief, but if you're troubled by your thoughts and feelings, get help. (Published 9/15/2015)
When our parent[s] dies when we are very young, we're left with constant wondering of how it might have been. (Published 9/8/2015)
Raw emotions of grief are painful, especially in reaction to an unexpected death by suicide. (Published 9/1/2015)
How to help very young children who don't understand the permanence of death. (Published 8/25/2015)
The key to recovery is willingness. You can only set an example, you can't do it for them. (Published 8/18/2015)
Acceptance is a by-product of taking the actions of Grief Recovery. (Published 8/11/2015)
We are often robbed of one more or one last chance to say "goodbye." (Published 7/28/2015)
Happily reunited after a long estrangement, only to lose her to a post-surgery death. (Published 7/21/2015)
When your heart is broken, it can be difficult to access your religious or spiritual beliefs. (Published 7/15/2015)
We sometimes think the harsh words we said in an argument caused someone to die. It's not true. (Published 7/7/2015)
Traumatic events leave painful images and keep us from our primary grief about the person who died. (Published 6/30/2015)
Alcohol and drugs only cover up the pain, they don't lead you to feeling better after a loss. (Published 6/23/2015)
Misguided hurtful comments can keep us from our primary grief. (Published 6/16/2015)
when my dad died, I lost my biggest cheerleader. (Published 6/9/2015)
How to help your broken heart heal. (Published 6/2/2105)
When it's hard to believe that someone you love is gone. (Published 5/26/2015)
We often lie about our feelings because we think we might be judged for having them. (Published 5/19/2015)
Many people stay stuck in grieving and don't move towards grief recovery. (Published 5/12/2015)
Dealing with the absence of a final communication when there has been a sudden death. (Published 05/05/2015)
"I don't know what to say" is often the best thing to say. (Published 4/28/2015)
"Reaching out for someone who’s always been there, only to discover when I need him one more time, he’s no longer there.” (Published 4/21/2015)
The absence of important people in our lives is difficult at the best of times, but at difficult times, we miss them exponentially. (Published 4/14/2015)
I have regrets thinking about removing life support - maybe there would have been a miracle. (Published 4/7/2015)
Time alone, without correct actions, cannot fix a broken heart. (Published 3/31/2015)
Nowhere to run, nowhere to hide - from birthdays, holidays, and other reminders. (Published 3/24/2015)
Bogged down in emotional quicksand from one death after another. (Published 3/17/2015)
Please don't avoid grieving friends - grief isn’t contagious! (Published 3/10/2015)
Impossible to explain "why." (Published 3/3/2015)
What to keep and what to discard? Difficult decisions—but take actions of recovery first, then make those choices. (Published 2/24/2015)
We all grieve in our own way and pace; but many of us are missing the actions that will help us "complete" our grief. (Published 2/17/2015)
Older sister concerned that younger sister won't have dad to walk her down aisle. (Published 2/10/2015)
It's important to focus on the primary grief about the person who died, not on the surrounding circumstances. (Published 2/3/2015)
Emotions of grief sometimes appear to conflict with religious beliefs. Grief recovery actions can help our spiritual connections. (Published 1/27/2015)
The Most Frequent Question we get is: "When will this pain end?" (Published 1/20/2015)
Incomplete past romantic relationships can sabotage current marriages. (Published 1/13/2015)
The cause of death can add a paniful dimension to the loss. (Published 1/6/2015)
The best way to help others is to help yourself. When they see you doing better, they will want to know how you did that. (Published 12/30/2014)
The ongoing pain from not having had a chance to say goodbye. (Published 12/23/2014)
The powerful images we can conjure up in our minds about things we’ve read or heard, are nothing short of terrifying. (Published 12/16/2014)
When you are the griever, you are not an educator. Don’t let anyone distract you from your primary task of dealing with your loss. (Published 12/9/2014)
In the immediate aftermath of the death of someone important to us, it feels impossible to do anything more than make it through one more day. (Published 12/2/2014)
You need to do the work on yourself so you can tell the children about their dad who they won't remember. (Publisheed 11/25/2014)
Recovery is possible even when the cause of death is unknown. (Published 11/18/2014)
Whatever you don’t talk about stays trapped inside of you, and can only do you harm—it can’t help. (Published 11/11/2014)
Sometimes the word “overwhelming” is too small a word to describe what grievers go through with multiple losses in a short time. (Published 11/4/2014)
Sometimes grief feels like a long-term, low-grade infection, and time doesn't make it go away. (Published 10/28/2014)
YES, it's normal to feel sad and miss someone on holidays, birthdays, and other special occasions. (Published 10/21/2014)
When your hopes and dreams for the future get ripped away. (Published 10/14/2014)
We never compare losses—ever! All losses are experienced at 100%. Every relationship is unique, there are no exceptions. (Published 10/7/2014)
Guilt implies intent to harm and rarely is accurate to descibe the feelings of most grieving people. (Published 9/30/2014)
Death of a long-term spouse can feel like losing a piece of your body. (Published 09/23/2014)
The death of someone important to us robs the possiblity of repairing damaged relationships, but we can still become emotionally complete. (Published 9/16/2014)
The ending of a very short relationship can be totally devastating. (Published 9/9/2014)
Asking sad questions over and over without taking recovery actions, can be an endless, painful loop. (Published 9/2/2014)
When your heart is broken your head doesn't work right and your spirit can't soar. (Published 8/26/2014)
You can be strong or you can be human. Pick one! (Published 8/19/2014)
You can't help people who don't want or ask for help. You can only help yoursellf, and hope they see the changes in you. (Published 8/12/2014)
'Monkey See, Monkey Do' can send the wrong signals about grief. (Published 8/5/2014)
The good news and bad news are equal—it's normal and natural to love somone and hate some of the things they've done. (Published 7/29/2014)
Letting go implies forgetting, and you'll never forget the important people in your life. (Published 7/22/2014)
Often the person you most need to talk to about your sadness, is the person who's gone. (Published 7/15/2014)
Since the nature of marriage is very different from relationships between parents and children, the emotional intensity is differently powerful. (Published 7/8/2014)
There's no time limit on how long you display pictures of someone who died, and there's no limit to keeping other possessions. (Published 7/1/2014)
One of the best things you can do is have "normal" conversations, rather than make forced attempts to say something profound. (Published 6/24/2014)
Time is not an action, it can’t make you feel better. (Published 6/24/2014)
The idea of denial and grief is a false connection. (Published 6/17/2014)
Unresolved grief is about all the things we wish we had said or done differently, better, or more. (Published 6/10/2014)
Not feeling ready to let go of his possessions. (Published 6/3/2014)
The first key to recovery is reaching out and asking for help. (Published 5/27/2014)
Someone with parallel losses can't necessarily help you because all relationships are unique. (Published 5/20/2014)
The truth is we are NEVER ready for anyone we love to die. (Published 5/13/2014)
You don't have to shed tears to prove that you're sad. (Published 5/6/2014)
It is possible to regain a sense of security and well-being after a "constant" person in our life has died. (Published 4/28/2014)
The actions of recovery are different from just distracting yourself by burying yourself in work. (Published 4/22/2014)
You can’t go over, under, or around it, you have to go through it. (Published 4/15/2014)
The anguish of missing someone you never really knew. (Published 4/8/2014)
It's never hepful to compare an intellectual fact with the normal and natural emotional reaction to a death. (Published 4/1/2014)
Discovery doesn’t equal recovery. Realizing how we sabotaged our marriages doesn’t bring our former partners back to us. (Published 3/25/2014)
“Getting past” and “getting over” imply forgetting. You will never forget the important people who affected your life. (Published 3/18/2014)
Sometimes the poetry of a phrase is powerful, but the implied solution cannot be taken literally. (Published 3/11/2014)
Helping youself with your grief is sometimes the best way to help someone you care about. Lead by example. (Published 3/4/2014)
It's important to honor our own instincts and not pay too much attention to what others might think. (Published 2/25/2014)
Time doesn't heal, but adapting to life without someone you love must be accommodated within time. (Published 2/18/2014)
“Is this what my life will be forever?” (Published 2/11/2014)
People with parallel losses don't really know how you feel. (Published 2/4/2014)
It's sometimes difficult to stay to the end when someone you love is dying. (Published 1/28/2014)
A great testament is to have emotions, not hide them. (Published 1/21/2014)
When you are distracted from your pirmary grief about the person who died. (Published 1/14/2014)
Unique question about how we refer to someone who has died. (Published 1/7/2014)
Grievers want to see their loved ones and say "I love you", one more time. (Published 12/31/2013)
Not informed about her mother's death until six monght later, she struggles to feel complete. (Published 12/24/2013)
Grieving people need and want an opportunity to talk about ‘what happened’ and about their relationship with the person it happened to. (Published 12/17/2013)
The death of someone important to you creates a large pool of emotion; and when you add a second major death, the emotional equation goes up exponentially. (Published 12/10/13)
To feel sad when someone important to us dies makes sense—so our best guidance to you is not to fight the sadness, but allow it. (Published 12/3/13)
In order to take joy from your happy memories you must also be able to feel the pain and sadness of the loss. (Published 11/26/2013)
Time doesn't heal emotional wounds, but we must adapt to our losses within time. (Published 11/19/13)
If someone doesn’t want help, there’s not much you can do to force them. But there are some things you can do that might help them be willing to try. (Published 11/12/13)
How do get closure when you're barred from the funeral of someone you love? (Published 11/5/2013)
Dealing with not being notified and not being able to attend the funeral or memorial. (Published 10/29/2013)
The good news is that as you take Grief Recovery actions, you'll find your energy coming back. (Published 10/22/2013)
She was robbed of saying "goodbye" (Published 10/15/2013)
By pulling away, you get a double dose of the pain when they die. (Published 10/8/2013)
So many people ask, "What more could I have done?" (Published 10/1/2013)
It’s not uncommon for people to turn to drink or drugs to try to deal with their overwhelming feelings when affected by a death. (Published 9/24/2013)
Keeping Busy doesn't heal your broken heart! (Published 9/17/2013)
We were supposed to grow old together. (Published 9/10/2013)
Intervention doesn't work with grief recovery, but there are ways to reach out. (Published 9/3/2013)
Dying people sometimes exclude the people they love! (Published 8/27/2013)
Missing a long-term mate is very difficult. Where do you go with the feelings you used to share? (Published 8/20/2013)
It's overwhelming when we're sad about the death of someone important to us, and afraid of another loss. (Published 8/13/2103)
Yes, your life is different after important people die, but you can take actions to help yourself. (Published 8/6/2013)
A Broken Heart Is Not Attached To A Clock Or A Timer That Tells It When To Stop Hurting. (Published 7/30/2013)
When You Look In The Rear-View Mirror Of Your Life And All You See Is The Litany Of Losses Of The Past Few Years. (Published 7/23/2013)
Your Relationship With Him Was About How He Lived His Life AND About How He Died (Published 7/16/2013)
We Get To Remember—And Laugh And Cry, And That Way Keep The Memories As Strong As Possible (Published 7/9/2013)
Good News: It's Impossible For You To Forget Your Boyfriend Who Died, And Impossible To “Lose” The Fond Memories Of Your Relationship With Him (Published 7/2/2013)
Regaining The Ability To Function Effectively Even Though He Is No Longer Here (Published 6/25/2013)
It’s Never Selfish To Need And Want Someone To Be There In Your Life (Published June 18, 2013)
What Matters Most Is Not What Others Believe About You—It’s What You Are Feeling That May Be Keeping You Stuck. (Published 6/11/2013)
Time Is Not The Key Factor In When A Person Should Start Dating After The Death Of A Spouse (Published 6/4/2013)
How can I be so angry with a man who was so wonderful when he was here? (Published 5/28/2013)
Tumultuous relationships usually leave a large residue of unfinished emotional business (Published May 21, 2013)
Trying to put together a puzzle with very few pieces (Published 5/14/2013)
When a new loss is imposed on children in order to save their lives (Published 5/7/13)
How can I be happy and sad at the same time? (Published 4/30/2013)
The Pain of Grief Doesn't Have to Be A Permanent Companion
Sometimes the best way to help someone you love, is to help yourself. (Published 4/16/2013)
A broken heart is sometimes about what never got to happen. (Published 4/9/2013)
When someone we used to be married to dies, we often experience a re-remembering of the entire relationship, the good, the bad, and sometimes, the ugly. (Published 3/26/2013)
We don't believe there's any such thing as "complicated grief." But there is unattended grief that doesn't get better because time can't heal emotional wounds. (Published 3/19/2013)
Adult or child, “In a crisis we go back to old behaviors or old beliefs." Nine year-old reverts to childlike behavior when dad dies. (Published 3/12/2013)
Sadly, it's all too common that we're confronted with family, financial, and property issues that distract us from the real issue—our broken hearts. (Published 3/5/2013)
We don’t like being dishonest about feelings, it doesn’t help anyone. (Published 2/26/2013)
We have hope for you because in spite of your obvious pain and pessimistic view of the future, you have nonetheless reached out for help. (Published 2/19/2013)
To be your son's leader, you need to learn how to deal effectively with your own losses! (Published 2/12/2013)
Our emotions go to high-alert when we're about to have surgery! (Published 2/5/2013)
What can I do to help myself move on so I can be a happy wife and mother? (Published 1/29/2013)
You don’t have the power to make an alcoholic stop drinking, and all the love in the word can’t repair someone else’s mental health. (Published 1/22/2013)
I can't take losing another person in my life. (Published 1/15/2013)
I still cry every time I think of him. Could I have PTSD? (Published 1/8/2013)
Do recurring dreams about someone who died represent unresolved grief? (Published 1/1/2013)
After my great aunt died, I felt like I hadn't seen her enough, but she lived far away so we never had the money to go see her. (Published 12/25/2012)
Before he died, my husband said I should find someone to take care of me. He did not give me a time frame. I just wanted him to get better. (Published 12/18/2012)
I wasn't raised with my mom, but I did get to spend some time with her after I got out of foster homes. I still feel like there is something missing in my heart. (Published 12/11/2012)
How do I deal with losing them when there was still so much unsaid? (Published 12/4/2012)
Having emotions—including tears—when you look at his picture is not “breaking down.” It is being human and sad and missing someone you love. (Published 11/27/2012)
It's been a year and a half since my wife died and I don't want to face the Holidays. (Published 11/20/2012)
Is Someone Who Cares Reading This? (Published 11/13/2012)
If you stay focused on this one thing—no matter how big it is to you—you rob yourself of the richness and complexity of the whole relationship over three decades. (Published 11/6/2012)
This is the first Mother's Day that I don't have her. Why is it so hard and painful for me? (Published 10/30/2012)
The actions of completion will not be “letting go” of and losing your friends, instead they will allow you to retain all the fond memories you have of them. (Published 10/23/2012)
"Grief is not so much a disease to be cured, as it is a natural reaction to loss, and the goal should be reconciliation and completion, not avoidance." (Published 10/16/2012)
You can be strong, or you can be human, pick one! (Published 10/9/2012)
At six weeks after the death of your spouse, we wouldn't consider your feelings of sadness to be self-absorption. (Published 10/2/2012)
When someone important to us dies, that is one of the biggest, most painful changes we ever experience. (Published 9/25/2012)
You have a lifetime of memories about your Mom, we don’t want you to be stuck on the last images. (Published 9/18/2012)
Two helpful phrases when talking to a grieving person. (Published 9/11/2012)
“How can I tell them I love them when they are not here?” (Published 9/4/2012)
Why me? is a pretty logical question in your circumstances, even though there's no real answer. (Published 8/28/2012)
Trying “not” to think about a painful image just doesn’t work. (Published 8/21/2012)
Drugs Overpower A Mother’s Love (Published 8/14/2012)
Families Don't Always Stick Together (Published 8/7/2012)
Make Small And Accurate Comments As Feelings Come Up (Published 7/31/2012)
I’m Scared, And Don’t Want To Do It, But I Will Do It Anyway (Published 7-24-2012)
If You Focus On The Choices You Had to Make Through Your Rear-View Mirror, You Will Only Harm Yourself (Published 7-17-2012)
I Feel I've Lost A Part Of Me (Published 7-10-2012)
There Are Many Death-Related Situations In Which The Human, Emotional Reaction Is To Be Angry At God (Published 7-3-2012)
Better to say, "At this moment, I don't have much energy," than "I'm depressed today." The latter turns a fleeting feeling into a 24 hour condition (Published 6-26-2012).
Many people get robbed of a funeral and the chance to say "goodbye." Published (6-19-2012)
Grieving people sometimes don't ask for help, and if it's offered, they won’t always take advantage of it. (Published 6-12-2012)
Certain areas of a home—particularly a bedroom or bed, are massive reminders of someone who is no longer alive. (Published 6-5-2012)
We’d guess it's your nature and style to be open and emotive with your feelings. If that's true, we say, YAY! (Published 5-29-2012)
Her possessions represent a tangible link to her and your memory of your life with her. (Published 5-22-2012)
“…And I Forgive You So I Can Be Free”—a phrase can save your emotional life. (Published 5-15-2012)
The reduction of pain does not necessarily mean you're emotionally complete with your friend who died. It may only mean that you're adapting to the loss. (Published 5-8-2012)
Don’t analyze, criticize, or judge the griever—and definitely don’t offer unsolicited opinions or advice. (Published 5-1-2012)
Missing people we never really knew (Published 4-24-2012)
Many people get focused on the end of the relationship and lose sight of the whole relationship (Published 4-17-2012)
Unsolicited advice is never well-received (Published 4-10-2012)
Self-protective actions vs. intent to harm someone else (Published 4-3-2012)
It’s very difficult to help someone who does not want or ask for help (Published 3-27-2012)
If we knew it was going to be their last night, we'd move heaven and earth to be there (Published 3-20-2012)
In condolences, be careful NOT to say "I Know How You Feel" (Published 3-13-12)
Will this sickening, awful feeling ever improve? (Published 3-6-12)
Anticipatory Grief is not real—it means thinking that you can know what feeling you will have in the future which is not here yet (Published 2-28-12)
Feeling half-way good, and then plunging down the emotional elevator shaft (Published 2-21-12)
The emotional stimulus of certain songs or chronicling dates – like anniversaries and birthdays (Published 2-14-12)
No matter how devasted you are by grief, you still need to motivate yourself to take actions that lead to recovery (Published 2-7-12)
It hurts as bad as it did when it first happened, but when I think of it I get extremely angry. (Published 1-31-12)
I'm getting tired of propping everyone else up. (Published 1-24-12)
Love or union is the product of Truthful Communication. (Published 1-17-12)
He was not only my father he was my best friend. (Published 1-10-12)
Families are often torn apart when a parent dies. Why? In part because so many different and unique relationships are a recipe for emotional disaster (Published 1-3-12)
On being "Ruled from the Grave" There's truth in that phrase, but Grief Recovery can break the bondage of that tyranny. (Published 12-27-11)
Blaming yourself is of no value, and it keeps you from the actions that lead to recovery. (Published 12-20-11)
Being "Stuck On a Painful Image" keeps us Stuck in the Grief (Published 12-13-11)
Is Guilt the Right Word? Answering a two-pronged question from a hurting young woman. (Published 12-6-11)
An eleven year old's upset reactions to questions about the deaths of her father and granny actually make sense (Published 11-29-11)
Follow-up question on going on after someone dies - being a complete person again (Published 11-22-11)
Many people struggle with their feelings about God following the death of someone important to them (Published 11-15-11)
Explaining death to young children and to a child with special needs (Published 11-8-11)
The problem with talking about how bad you feel is that it makes you good at feeling bad (Published 11-1-11)
It's never too late to apologize (Published 10-25-11)
What can I do other than force myself to cry to make people stop worrying about me? (Published 10-18-11)
No statute of limitations on missing someone and feeling sad – or enjoying fond memories (Published 10-11-11)
The person who is now gone, is the one person you need more than ever (Published 10-4-11)
The impact of the death of a former spouse - often confusing and overwhelming! (Published 9-27-11)
Say "I feel sad in this moment," instead of "I feel sad today." Today is way too long to stay stuck in one feeling. (Published 9-20-11)
Unfortunately I Never Got the Chance to Thank Him for Everything (Published 9-13-11)
Children's Damaged Relationships with Her Husband - Their Father - Creates Collateral Emotional Damage (Published 9-6-11)
Has the Reality of My Loss Set in Yet? (Published 8-30-11)
How Do I Accept the Things I Did? (Published 8-23-11)
My daughter wants to take the plane to heaven to see her grandpa. (Published 8-16-11)
Is it normal for an adult child to feel like this? (Published 8-9-11)
With multiple deaths in a short period of time...just as we start being able to keep our head above the emotional waterline, another wave comes and pushes us under. (Published 8-2-11)
Consumed by the death—or about the relationship—possibly both. (Published 7-26-11)
It's perfectly normal and healthy to miss someone you love. What’s not okay is to live in constant pain. (Published 7-19-11)
Is it always appropriate to go to a funeral? (Published 7-12-11)
Great question—whether or not we “ever really recover” (Published 7-5-11)
But for "one second earlier or one second later," our lives are changed forever. (Published 6-28-11)
When the last interaction between people before one dies, was negative. (Published 6-21-11)
The unanswerable question: How your life might have unfolded had he not committed suicide? (6-14-11)
Your Broken Heart Talking! (Published 6-07-11)
Alcohol can leave a trail of destruction in its wake! (5-31-11)
“How can I tell them I love them when they are not here?” (Published 5-24-11)
They want us looking good, feeling good, and being productive 3-5 days later! (Published 5-17-11)
Trying “not” to think about it doesn’t work. (Published 5-10-11)
Your life IS different than it would have been! (Published 5-03-11)
Caught Between Medical Decisions and a Broken Heart (Published 4/26/11)
How do you solve unresolved issues when the other person is dead? (Published 4/18/11)
Will I ever feel normal again? (Published 4/11/11)
Surprise when a great deal of emotion surfaces a substantial time after the death of someone important. (Published 4/4/11)
Mutilple deaths, one after the other, makes us feel like we're drowning (Published 3/28/11)
Follow-up from Sam: Trite and Inane Remarks, and how to handle them (Published 3/21/11)
Families and Legal Mayhem (Published 3/14/2011)
A Statement of Death is NOT Denial (Published 3/7/2011)
The warm and fuzzies that never happened. (Published 2/28/2011)
Tragic deaths compound our pain. (Published 2/22/2011)
Some feelings represent your Broken Heart Talking. (Published 2/15/2011)
Time and Intensity! (Published 2/8/2011)
Adapting to the death of someone important to you (Published 2/1/2011)
Grief Is Exhausting! (Published 1/25/2011)
A tangled web of losses! (Published 1/18/2011)
The emotional Novocain wears off. (Published 1/11/2010)
Hopes, Dreams, & Expectations (Published 1/4/2011)
The Victim’s families often feel as if “they” are on trial. (Published 12/28/2010)
The Holidays – a perfect time to demonstrate the truth to your children. (Published 12/20/2010)
Sadness and Joy are both normal. Pain is the option we want to remove. (Published 12/20/2010)
I started to call her and then remembered she was gone! (Published 12/20/2010)
Will I Ever Recover? (Published 11/30/2010)
Stuck on a Painful Image (Published 11/20/2010)
Pointing Friends in the Direction of Recovery (Published 11/10/2010)
The Good, The Bad, and Sometimes, The Ugly (Published 11/3/2010)
Have I Gone Crazy? (Published 10/15/2010)
How do I deal with the anger I feel? (Published 10/1/2010)
Moving Beyond Loss: Real Answers to Real Questions from Real People
Russell Friedman & John W. James
The Grief Recovery Handbook
John W. James & Russell Friedman
When Children Grieve
John W. James & Russell Friedman with Dr. Leslie Landon Matthews
Superando Perdidas Emocionales
The Grief Recovery Handbook for Pet Loss
John W. James & Russell Friedman & Cole James
Find Local Support
If you or someone important to you wants help with grief: Look for a Certified Grief Recovery Specialist℠ in your community. The Grief Recovery Institute ® trains and mentors Certified Grief Recovery Specialists℠ throughout the United States & Canada.
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Research Notebook 38
Book: 38 -- 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 35b 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 Page:
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§ 40.1-24-2. Purpose.
(a) The purpose of this chapter is to provide for the development, establishment, and enforcement of standards:
(1) For facilities and programs providing rehabilitation, psychological support, and social guidance to individuals who are alcoholic, drug abusers, mentally ill, or who are persons with developmental disabilities or cognitive disabilities such as brain injury;
(2) For the construction, maintenance, and operation of facilities that will promote safe and adequate accommodations for individuals who are alcoholic, drug abusers, mentally ill, or who are persons with developmental disabilities or cognitive disabilities such as brain injury; and
(3) For the establishment of a comprehensive licensing policy with respect to facilities and programs for people who are alcoholic, drug abusers, mentally ill, or who are persons with developmental disabilities or cognitive disabilities such as brain injury.
(b) The department of behavioral healthcare, developmental disabilities and hospitals is hereby authorized and directed to be the licensing authority in Rhode Island for residential and other support programs designed specifically for persons with cognitive disabilities such as brain injury. These licensure requirements shall be the same standards for persons with developmental disabilities except that for these purposes all references to "developmental disabilities" shall mean "cognitive disabilities."
P.L. 1972, ch. 160, § 1; P.L. 1978, ch. 150, § 2; G.L. 1956, § 23-43.3-2; P.L. 1979, ch. 39, § 1; P.L. 1995, ch. 370, art. 14, § 16; P.L. 1999, ch. 83, § 112; P.L. 1999, ch. 130, § 112; P.L. 2001, ch. 385, § 2; P.L. 2001, ch. 389, § 1; P.L. 2005, ch. 351, § 3; P.L. 2005, ch. 394, § 3.
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Cool off with In The Midnight Rain
On special this week at Amazon: IN THE MIDNIGHT RAIN:
Ellie Connor is looking for answers when she arrives in Gideon, Texas to stay in the guest house of Internet pal Blue Reynard. She’s researching a book about the mysterious disappearance of a woman blues singer in the 1950’s, but she’s also seeking answers to a great mystery in her own life. When she arrives in Gideon with her dog April, she has no idea she’s about to upturn her life and the lives of many of the residents of the small east Texas town–and none more than Blue himself.
This was my first women’s fiction, a book that haunted me for months, showing up when I opened up the oven, following me around like an annoying child, nagging me to finish it. It had been a “Sunday book,” a book I write as an experiment on the weekends around other projects, but it finally became quite insistent that I should finish it and submit it.
It was a life-changer, this one. I found my current agent with this material, and that was the year I started writing women’s fiction almost exclusively. I had very powerful feedback on the book, from so many segments of society, that it has long been one of my favorites. Please take a look at this sample chapter–maybe you’ll love it, too.
From IN THE MIDNIGHT RAIN:
Turning off the computer and the lamp, Ellie slipped on a pair of thongs and headed up the hill. The house glowed with lights, and as she started out, Blue turned on an outside light that made it easier, but it was still very dark, a kind of dark she’d forgotten existed. Crickets whirred in the grass, and cicadas answered from the trees, the only sounds for miles and miles, and the air was thick and soft against her face, smelling of earth and river and sky. She inhaled it deeply, pausing to catch the moment close to herself.
Peaceful. Life was so peaceful in the country. Not the actual lives—emotions ruled people no matter where they lived, so there was always some drama or another waiting to make things chaotic—but the details were easier. She could think better without cars racing and roaring and people shouting in the apartment overhead, and even little things like televisions and radios in an unceasing undertone of constant sound. She liked smelling air, not fuel, and loved the sight of the sky overhead.
A shadow startled her, and she made a sound of surprise before Blue caught her hand. “It’s just me,” he said.
For that brief second, she let herself feel his big, strong hand, rough from his work. Impulsively, she curled her fingers around his, and said, “You have one sexy voice, Dr. Reynard.”
“Are you flirting with me, Miz Connor?”
She laughed softly. “Maybe so.”
“Good. I like that.” He walked up the path, hanging on to her. Ellie let it be. At the porch, he let her go, and gestured for her to take a chair. “I’m having bourbon, myself. What’ll be your pleasure? Other than me, of course.”
“I wouldn’t mind a bourbon, if you’ll walk me back down the hill.”
“Careful now. I might take that as an invitation.”
“You are amazingly arrogant, you know that?”
“Yes, I do. ” She heard ice clinking in a glass and the quiet flow of liquid, and he gave her a glass.
He settled on the step. “Not too many women drink straight bourbon these days.”
“I don’t very often.”
“But you got a little off balance today, didn’t you?”
She gave him a look. “So did you.”
Quietly, he said, “Yes, ma’am, that I did. Guess we both have our closets full of skeletons.”
“Most people do.”
“You think so? I don’t know. It seems like a lot of folks just get it right out of the gate. I see them in town, you know? Guys who’ve been making the right call since the day they were born, live quiet lives without a lot of turmoil, and just . . . keep it together. Never screw up their credit or forget to mow the lawn or leave a project half-done.”
Ellie sipped cold fire from her glass and listened.
“You ever notice,” he said, “that those people don’t ever seem to have big traumas, either? Like their kids never have wrecks and their houses don’t burn down. It’s like they’re protected with some big cloud of serenity”
“That’s seeing it from the outside, Blue. Nobody gets through life without sorrow and loss. It’s just part of the game.”
He turned his face toward her, and in the darkness, Ellie could see no details, but she sensed his attention. “You really believe that?”
“My grandma always says there are green seasons.” She tucked a foot up under her. “Times when everything goes on just right. Got money enough to pay the bills, and nobody dies and things are just the way they’re supposed to be, most all the time.” She paused to take another tiny sip. “But there are also gray times, when nothing seems to go right. You lose pets and people and have trouble with money.”
“Not gray,” he said. “Blue times . . . like when all the plumbing goes bad.”
She chuckled. “Yeah. The gas pump goes out on the car.”
“Stub your toe and get hangnails.”
“Split ends and toothaches.”
His laughter, low and rich, rolled into the night. “Lightning hits the modem. You ever have that happen?”
“No. I turn everything off in a thunderstorm.”
“I do now. I had a whole computer fried one time.”
“That’s not gray times, that’s foolishness.”
“Well, I left it on when I went to bed. Maybe I’d been drinking a little.”
“I get the feeling you drink a little quite a bit. Is that true?”
He didn’t reply immediately, just shook the ice in his glass lazily. “Yeah, I reckon it is.”
“Does there have to be a reason?”
Ellie shrugged. “I don’t know. Maybe not. You just—well. . . never mind.”
“Go on. I’m what?”
The darkness and the quiet made her bolder. “You’re a puzzle, Dr. Reynard. Take those degrees of yours, for example.”
“My degrees?”
She smiled. “Yeah, a big sexy Southern bad boy with advanced degrees in botany?”
“I’m good with things that grow. They never talk back, and if you lose them, you can always grow some more.” He paused, gave her that faintly rueful smile. “If you take care of an orchid, it’ll outlive you, and your grandchildren.”
“You don’t like losing things.”
“No—though you’d think I’d be used to it by now. I’ve had my share.”
“And green times? Have you had your share of those?”
He stood up and refilled his glass before he answered. “Yeah.” The word was rough. “I kinda think I’d rather not have had them, though.”
“If you meant that, you wouldn’t have to drink so much.”
He halted in the act of lifting the glass to his lips. Genuinely puzzled, he said, “Come again?”
“Never mind. It’s none of my business.”
“That’s true, but you can’t leave it like that. What do you mean?”
She looked out at the dark, listening to the crickets sing for one long moment. “You want the green times, but you’re afraid of them, so you keep yourself safe behind the bourbon.”
He gave a snort of laughter and tossed the drink back almost defiantly. “Bullshit. Not everybody needs to be carted off to AA. I drink because I like it.”
Ellie shrugged. “You asked.”
“So I did. And there may be a little truth in there, somewhere, much as I hate to admit it.” He looked at the glass. “Or maybe it’s just that drinking gets to be a habit. It does put up a nice little wall against things.”
Ellie inclined her head. “What’s the wall keeping out?”
He looked at her. “I guess I don’t know anymore.”
The bourbon was infecting Ellie’s blood now, and she found she didn’t want to go anywhere. She wanted to sit on this porch, with this man, drinking and talking in the dark, for as long as she could. “Tell me about a green time,” she said quietly.
He turned his head and a wash of moonlight spread over his high cheekbone, over his jaw and mouth. “Those pictures today, that was a green time. My whole life was green then, had been from the day I was born. My mama always sang and danced and told silly jokes. My daddy was gone a lot on business, but he always brought us presents. We had three cats and two dogs, and a bowl of goldfish. My uncles came in and took me fishing. My brother was a pain in the neck, always calling me names, but Lord—I pretty much worshipped the ground he walked on.”
Ellie smiled. “Pretty normal, I’d say.”
“And there was Annie. My wife.” There was the faintest ragged edge to his voice. “She used to hang around and drive me crazy back then—her folks had a place just on the other side of the river, there.” He gestured. “But I even liked that, being the subject of hero worship, because it gave me somebody to be mean to.”
“Poor Annie.” Ellie laughed. “But I guess she won in the end, didn’t she? She got you to the altar.”
There was surprise on his mouth when he turned his face to look at her, then a perplexed little nod. “That she did. But by then, it was me doing the dragging.” He swirled the bourbon in his glass, drank a little. The grin was broad when he spoke again. “She wouldn’t sleep with me till I put a ring on her finger. Can you imagine? In this day and age?”
“She probably heard about your reputation, sir. Sounds like a smart woman.”
“Who’s been talking about my reputation?”
“Who hasn’t?”
“Really?” He sounded offended.
Ellie laughed. “Blue, everybody I meet tells me more or less the same thing—everybody. Stay away from him. He’s a dog. He’s crazy.” She paused. “You have a terrible reputation.”
He put a hand over his heart, wounded. “Well, don’t that beat all. I’m not that bad.” He scowled. “And anyway, it didn’t get bad till after Annie died, so she wasn’t worried about that. She liked me.”
“You can’t honestly tell me your feelings are hurt?”
A single lift of a shoulder.
With surprise, Ellie saw that it was true. He was wounded by the talk, and for some reason she could not, or would not, name, it endeared him to her a little. “They all love you anyway,” she said, and brushed her foot over his. “And I never listen to gossip.”
The mouth lifted on one side. “Liar.”
Ellie rocked a little, breathing in the night, thinking about what it might have been like to be a kid in this house. “You had a great childhood.”
“I did,” he said softly. “Now you. Tell me about your green time, Ellie.”
His voice on her name made her imagine how it would be to have him over her, in her, and saying her name like that in her ear as they made love. She sipped her drink, surprised to find it gone. “Can I make another?”
“Let me get it.”
“I can do it.” She stood up. “I remember this one summer. I was thirteen. My grandma had been working in a bakery, but she just up and took the summer off so I wouldn’t have to go to my friend Jodie’s house every day. I know now that Jodie’s dad was having an affair and the family was none too stable, but my grandma just said she wanted to spend some time with me before I got too big to enjoy her company.”
Drink poured, she settled back on to the glider. “We grew a gigantic garden that year. We always had rhubarb and peas and some corn, but this year, we planted everything you can think of. Watermelons and cantaloupe and dinner plate dahlias that were the talk of the town, I’m not kidding. It was hard work, and she made me weed even when I didn’t want to, but boy—it was really something. The local newspaper, just a weekly, even came and took a picture of it.” She sighed. “I never smell rhubarb without thinking about that summer.
Silence, easy as the humid air, settled between them. Ellie’s thoughts rolled on in her mind. “The next summer was when my grandpa died. That’s when the blue times came. For a while.”
“How’d you come to be living with your grandma? Where was your mama?”
A prickle of alertness walked on her nerves. “She was just kind of unstable. I don’t remember her at all. She was killed when I was two.”
“What about your daddy?”
“Never knew him,” she said carefully, and to be sure he didn’t get suspicious, added, “I don’t think she knew him. That was the free love generation, remember.” She smiled to lighten the comment.
He stretched out his leg and put his bare foot against the top of hers. “Poor little Ellie. Now you’re making me feel bad.”
“I think maybe you’re right. At the heart of it all, I’m a coward. That’s why I’d rather live in the plain times. Not green or gray. Just. . . plain.”
His foot moved the slightest bit, and Ellie found herself wanting to kick off her thong and put her foot on his shin, just so she could touch him. She knew if she did it, he’d make the next move. Instead she said, “But without those bad times, we wouldn’t have the blues.”
“Wouldn’t need them.”
Ellie couldn’t tell whether that meant he agreed or not. “And wouldn’t that be a tragedy.” It wasn’t a question.
“You know, it really would be.”
She pulled her foot from under his and stood up. “It’s been a long day. I need to get some sleep.”
“All right. Let me get my shoes and I’ll walk you down.”
“No, thank you, don’t bother. It’s not that far.”
He moved closer, and Ellie smelled his skin, that faintly exotic odor that clung to him. “I’m not going to make a pass at you, if that’s what you’re worried about.”
She bowed her head against that voice, feeling it run like a tongue down her spine. Ridiculous how she responded to him. She shook her head. “No, I’m not worried about that. I just don’t want to put you out.”
“No trouble.” He ducked into the house, then stuck his head out again. “Seriously, wait for me, all right? It’s too dark.”
She nodded, crossing her arms as the screen door slammed behind him as if to literally get a grip on herself and the entirely normal but exceedingly dangerous rush of hormones he roused. She needed to keep her head with Blue Reynard or she was going to end up falling under his spell and into his bed—and she knew from experience she wasn’t the kind of woman who could sleep with a man and just walk away.
What had he said this morning? That sex was easy and friends were hard. Which told her he was the kind of man who could have sex and walk away. He probably did it all the time.
Most men did.
And it occurred to her as she stood there in the soft night that he’d been warning her when he said that, and when he’d told her a leopard couldn’t change his spots. It was his way to sleep with women he liked, natural as breathing, and he’d likely try to sleep with Ellie before they were through.
It was going to have to be up to her to make sure that didn’t happen.
At two in the morning Blue finally gave up on sleep and got up, throwing on a pair of jeans. His dog Sasha eagerly joined him as he ambled into the kitchen for a glass of water, then went upstairs to the widow’s walk on top of the house. It was an anomaly in this area, the legacy—like the lilacs near the back porch—of a bride from the northeast. It was also, aside from the greenhouses, one of his favorite places. He’d furnished it with a couple of chairs and a telescope and a CD player, hooked up by long, trailing lengths of extension cords, to a plug in the attic. Lanie swore he’d burn the house down one of these days.
Piwacket appeared, a tiny white ghost, and perched happily on the back of a chair. Sasha settled down with a sigh beneath Blue’s right hand, and he kicked his feet up comfortably. It was a familiar scene. The night and the animals and the view of the stars.
He did not often sleep well. It wasn’t, as the psychologists and school counselors had believed in his childhood, a result of the losses in his eighth and ninth years. And it wasn’t the loss of his wife in adulthood. He wouldn’t deny his psyche had probably been twisted by all that, but his insomnia stemmed from something else entirely.
As far back as he could remember, he had often awakened in the middle of the night with his brain on fire. The first time it happened, he was eight. That afternoon, he’d gone to the library with his mother. Because there was a hurricane forming in the gulf, he’d wanted to read more about them. He checked out a book on tornadoes, hurricanes, and hailstorms and read it in a single gulp. The idea of the circular motion of wind, and the patterns of high and low fronts, inflamed him and he spent the rest of the day trying to find someone to engage in a conversation about it. His mother listened, but she didn’t seem to grasp the wonder he needed to get across. His dad was gruff. Lanie gave him the longest stretch of attention, but then she had to start fixing dinner.
Frustrated, Blue went outside and stared at the clouds, then wandered down to the river to look at the current, where the spiral pattern of life was repeated where the river dipped into a minuscule cove and circled around before it got out. In the woods, he spied the same pattern in the whorls of time on a tree stump. And in the evening, when the clouds rolled in, he watched them with rapt attention as wind stuttered them across the sky.
That night had been the first time. He’d awakened abruptly from a sound sleep, and it was as if he could see the entire structure of the universe—the galaxy and the stars reflected the water in the river and the circling structure of hurricanes and tornadoes. Wild with the excitement of his thoughts, he began the pattern that would weave throughout his life: he ambled outside to sit on the porch in his cowboy print pajamas and settled there to watch the rain pouring down from the sky. There in the midnight rain, he was free to let the thoughts go where they would.
Back then, he learned quickly not to talk about his dark-of-the-night thinking sessions. For one thing, he had a hell of a time getting anyone to grasp the big picture, no matter how many times he came at a concept. He could see a whole structure—whether it was weather or ecology or math—that simply made no sense to others. For another, he started to get a reputation for being downright strange.
In the ninth grade, two years after his parents had died, Blue was in trouble most of the time, headed for juvenile hall. But as if to make up for all the bad luck, he had one big stroke of good luck: he drew Florence Grace, Rosemary’s sister, as his homeroom teacher.
From the first week, she seemed to get it. Not everything, but way more than he’d ever been able to get across to anyone else. She moved into action. Instead of tsking and shaking her head, she tried to find out what he could do. She fed him geometry, then trig, and had him in calculus in a single year. She hunted up experiments in weather and biology and botany for him to do on his own. She brought him biographies of brilliant scientists and thinkers who’d been tortured by their minds, as he was, and literature from every century, every kind of writer. Poets and dreamers, philosophers and novelists. She said she had no idea where that brain of his would lead, but the only way to find out was to learn as much about everything as he could until something clicked.
And Blue, starved for both attention and knowledge, consumed everything she gave him and more. That year, he spent as little as three hours a night sleeping. He read and pondered and experimented. Florence taught him to keep a journal and he often poured out page after page of speculation and observation.
She saved him. All he’d needed was tools, and Florence had given them to him.
These past four years, it hadn’t been wonder that kept him awake. More often, he came here to escape the demons in his head, the ghosts that had chased him out of the house the night before. The ones that chased him up here now.
The ones that made him want to go down to the cottage and lie down next to that skinny woman with her wild hair and let that laugh roll all over him. What a great laugh she had.
Instead, he stayed where he was, head cocked back to the sky, a cat in his lap and a dog under his hand. He was an intelligent man; he knew the world was just sometimes harsh, but his luck with people had been pretty wretched by any measure. Marcus called him Job sometimes, as a joke that didn’t really make either of them laugh. Blue sometimes thought he must have pissed God off in another life or been born under a bad star or something.
These days, he judged it safer to keep things loose and easy. As long as he didn’t get too tangled up again with anybody, his life was pretty good. He had friends and a home and work and money enough to do pretty much anything he had a mind to do. When he got hungry enough, there were always willing women to warm his bed for a night or a week.
But now Ellie’s words came back to him: What’s the wall keeping out?
He frowned. Lots of people had taken him to task for his drinking the past few years—a comment here and there that made him understand folks thought of him as a hard drinker. Lanie hid his bottle when she thought he’d been hitting it too hard. Even Marcus, who was no stranger to a Saturday afternoon six-pack and always liked a nice bourbon at the end of the day, had commented once or twice that maybe Blue drank a bit too much.
But he’d never paid any of them any mind at all. Why did it matter what Ellie thought? She was a stranger, just passing through.
Still. He rubbed his ribs idly, unable to deny that her comments bothered him. It had bothered him that she’d known by his posts on-line when he’d been drinking. It bothered him that she thought he was hiding behind it.
Even if he was. Losing Annie so suddenly had ripped him to pieces, shredded his faith, his hope, his ability to believe in anything. There was a craziness in that kind of pain he didn’t wish on anyone, and he’d been desperate to escape it.
He’d turned to his experiments, to the eternal flowers, and poured himself into building the big greenhouse, where he could mimic the Central American rain forest conditions as exactly as possible. He’d worked ten, twelve, fourteen hours a day, hiring Marcus to help him and bringing in crews to do the work they couldn’t handle. At night, he opened a bottle of bourbon and anesthetized himself well enough to sleep.
A wall of work and bourbon. He’d erected it to let himself heal.
The answer surprised him, but it had the authentic ring of truth. He’d been flat-out unable to deal with his true reality, so he retreated into a world of flowers and bourbon until he could face it.
Was that such a bad thing? Wasn’t there even something like that in the Bible? That wine should be given to the grieving, or saved for the poor to make them feel better about their lot in life? Maybe. He couldn’t remember exactly.
Sitting in the dark night, he thought maybe it was only bad if he didn’t let go of habits he no longer needed. Maybe it was safe now to let go of the wall and face real life.
Maybe he’d give it a try, just to see. It was time. Maybe he’d even open his heart, just a crack, and see how it felt to really be attracted to a woman, not just sexually, but all the way. Maybe he’d kiss her and see what happened.
As if she heard his thoughts, Piwacket bumped her head against his chin, purring softly. He smiled and rubbed a hand down her bony back. “You like her, don’t you?” He looked at the cabin. “So do I.”
Something very like hope moved in him, refreshing and soft as a long cold drink of water. “So do I,” he repeated.
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Bookmark this article Cool off with In The Midnight Rain
How One Writer Persisted
A Tough Year For The Garden
11 thoughts on “Cool off with In The Midnight Rain”
Shari Straight
I loved this book, and re-read it once a year. Thanks for such a wonderful story!
Nina K Pettis
I recently read it for the first time, and loved it immensely. It’s on my Kindle, but I’ll keep my eye out for a Real Book for my collection.
Deborah Blake
I love your women’s fiction, so it was cool to see what started it all. Nothing like the books that whisper insistently in your ear…
I am not an e-reader, but I will look for a paper copy.
I write Christian romance, so usually my characters don’t end up in bed with one another till AFTER the wedding. I’m also very happily married, and would never even look at any other man. But by the end of this book, I was so in love with Blue, I would’ve slept with the man myself!
Lisa, that’s a very high recommendation! 🙂 Thank you!
Latoyia Methe
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Charisse Caique
Wonderful site. A lot of useful info here. I¡¦m sending it to a few buddies ans additionally sharing in delicious. And obviously, thank you for your sweat!
Lisa – I totally agree! I adored Blue. Maybe it’s time for a re-read…
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Asexuality Questionnaire #7.2: Words
Posted on October 21, 2012 by asexualityarchive
If you have not already done so, please stop off at the main questionnaire page for important information about the intent of these questionnaires.
Thank you for your interest, but this survey is now closed! We are no longer accepting responses at this time. If you’re curious, here’s what the questions were:
What do you think about words used to describe people who are not asexual, like “sexual”, “allosexual”, “consexual”, “verisexual”, “zedsexual”, etc.? Do you use them? Do you avoid them? If you use one, which one do you use and why? If you do not use one, why not?
What do you think about words like “hot” or “sexy”, etc.? Do you use them? Do you avoid them? Do you feel that you understand or experience them the same way or differently than others?
What do you think about words like “horny” or “turned on”, etc.? Do you use them? Do you avoid them? Do you feel that you understand or experience them the same way or differently than others?
What do you think about words like “prude” or “frigid”, etc.? Do you use them? Do you avoid them? Do you feel that you understand or experience them the same way or differently than others?
What do you think about words like “squish” or “crush”, etc.? Do you use them? Do you avoid them? Do you feel that you understand or experience them the same way or differently than others?
What do you think about words like “virgin”, etc.? Do you use it? Do you avoid it? Do you feel that you understand or experience it the same way or differently than others?
What do you think about words like “ace” or “asexy”, etc.? Do you use them? Do you avoid them? Do you feel that you understand or experience them the same way or differently than others?
[wpsqt name=”Words Part 2″ type=”survey”]
This entry was posted in Asexuality Questionnaire and tagged asexual, asexuality, language, questionnaire, survey, words by asexualityarchive. Bookmark the permalink.
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Salt N Pepa & Kid N Play at St Augustine Amphitheatre
Salt N Pepa & Kid N Play Tickets
The legendary ladies behind the groundbreaking platinum single in the United States, 'Push it' – Salt N Pepa are coming to St Augustine Amphitheatre on Saturday 21st May 2016! With support from Kid N Play! For old skool Hiphop fans it's a dream come true.. Salt N Pepa are still going strong and are hitting the road for a US Spring tour! Back in 1985 Cheryl James ("Salt"), Sandra Denton ("Pepa") became one of the first all-female rap groups of the time! Get ready for a night of true nostalgia!
By the end of the 1980's, global Hiphop had become a mainly male dominated style. But then came along the female duo Salt N Pepa, who would change the future for music. As well as their change on the scene, Salt N Pepa changed the way people thought about the barriers of genre's. They were one of the first in Rap to combine mainstream pop with the old skool sound, proving they were chart worthy. Their sexy female power songs such as "Push It" and "Shake Your Thang" smashed the charts and stayed at the number 1 spot in the late 80's.
Despite the industries opinion of the group becoming just a one hit wonder, Salt N Pepa became one of the few hip-hop artists to develop a long-term career. And to this day are still hitting the road on sell out tours around the world!
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This article is about the first installment in the series of computer and video games. For the series in general, see SimCity (series).
SimCity is a city-building simulation game, first released in 1989 and designed by Will Wright. SimCity was Maxis' first product, which has since been ported into various personal computers and game consoles, and enhanced into several different versions including SimCity 2000 in 1993, SimCity 3000 in 1999, SimCity 4 in 2003, and SimCity DS & SimCity Societies in 2007. The original SimCity was later renamed SimCity Classic. Until the release of The Sims in 2000, the SimCity series was the best-selling line of computer games made by Maxis.
SimCity spawned an entire series of Sim games. Since the release of SimCity, similar simulation games have been released focusing on different aspects of reality such as business simulation in Capitalism.
On January 10 2008 the SimCity source code was released under the free software GPL 3 license under the name Micropolis.//
Vintage SimCity running on Macintosh System 6
SimCity was originally developed by game designer Will Wright. The inspiration for SimCity came from a feature of the game Raid on Bungeling Bay that allowed Wright to create his own maps during development. Wright soon found he enjoyed creating maps more than playing the actual game, and SimCity was born.
In addition, Wright also was inspired by reading "The Seventh Sally", a short story by Stanislaw Lem, in which an engineer encounters a deposed tyrant, and creates a miniature city with artificial citizens for the tyrant to oppress.
The first version of the game was developed for the Commodore 64 in 1985, but it would not be published for another four years. The original working title of SimCity was Micropolis. The game represented an unusual paradigm in computer gaming, in that it could neither be won nor lost; as a result, game publishers did not believe it was possible to market and sell such a game successfully. Brøderbund declined to publish the title when Wright proposed it, and he pitched it to a range of major game publishers without success. Finally, founder Jeff Braun of then-tiny Maxis agreed to publish SimCity as one of two initial games for the company.
Wright and Braun returned to Brøderbund to formally clear the rights to the game in 1988, when SimCity was near completion. Brøderbund executives Gary Carlston and Don Daglow saw that the title was infectious and fun, and signed Maxis to a distribution deal for both of its initial games. With that, four years after initial development, SimCity was released for the Amiga and Macintosh platforms, followed by the IBM PC and Commodore 64 later in 1989.
On January 10 2008 the SimCity source code was released under the free software GPL 3 license. The release of the source code was related to the donation of SimCity software to the One Laptop Per Child laptop, as one of the principles of the OLPC laptop is the use of free and open source software. The open source version will be called Micropolis (the initial name for SimCity), since EA retains the trademark Simcity. The version shipped on OLPC laptops will still be called SimCity, but will have to be tested by EA quality assurance before each release to be able to use that name.
SimCity on the Atari ST.
The objective of SimCity, as the name of the game suggests, is to build and design a city, without specific goals to achieve (except in the scenarios, see below). The player can mark land as being zoned as commercial, industrial, or residential, add buildings, change the tax rate, build a power grid, build transportation systems and many other actions, in order to enhance the city.
Also, the player may face disasters including: flooding, tornadoes, fires (often from air disasters or even shipwrecks), earthquakes and attacks by monsters. In addition, monsters and tornados can trigger train crashes by running into passing trains. Later disasters in the game's sequels included lightning strikes, volcanoes, meteors and attack by extra-terrestrial craft.
In the SNES version and later, one can also build rewards when they are given to them, such as a mayor's mansion, casino, etc.
The original SimCity kicked off a tradition of goal-centered, timed scenarios that could be won or lost depending on the performance of the player/mayor. The original cities were all based on real world cities and attempted to re-create their general layout, a tradition carried on in SimCity 2000 and in special scenario packs. While most scenarios either take place in a fictional timeline or have a city under siege by a fictional disaster, a handful of available scenarios are based on actual historical events.
The original scenarios are:Bern as depicted in the Future Europe "tileset" (Amiga).
Bern, 1965 - The Swiss capital is clogged with traffic, the mayor needs to reduce traffic and improve the city.
Boston, 2010 - The city's nuclear power plant suffers a meltdown, irradiating a portion of the city. The mayor must rebuild, contain the toxic areas, and return the city to prosperity. In some early editions of SimCity (on lower-power computers that did not include the nuclear power plants), this scenario was altered to have a tornado strike the city. Much like the Tokyo scenario below, the mayor needs to limit damage and rebuild.
Detroit, 1972 - Crime and depressed industry wreck the city. The mayor needs to reduce crime and reorganize the city to better develop. The scenario is a reference to Detroit's declining state during the late 20th century (See also History of Detroit, Michigan).
Rio de Janeiro, 2047 - Coastal flooding resulted from global warming rages through the city. The mayor must control the problem and rebuild. In some early editions of SimCity (on lower-power computers that did not include the flooding disaster), this scenario was altered to have the objective be fighting high crime.
San Francisco, 1906 - An earthquake hits the city, the mayor must control the subsequent damage, fires and rebuild. The scenario references the 1906 San Francisco earthquake.
Tokyo, 1961 - The city is attacked by a Godzilla-type monster (Bowser in the SNES version). The mayor needs to limit the damage and rebuild. The scenario is strongly based on the original series of Godzilla films.
The PC version (IBM, Tandy compatible; on floppy disk) , CD re-release, as well as the Amiga and Atari ST versions included two additional scenarios:City of Dullsville in Classic Graphics (Amiga).
Hamburg, Germany, 1944 - Bombing, where the mayor has to govern the city during the closing years of World War II and rebuild it later. This scenario references the bombing of Hamburg in World War II.
Dullsville, USA, 1900 - Boredom plagues a stagnating city in the middle of the United States; the mayor is tasked to turn Dullsville into a metropolis within 30 years.
In addition, the later edition of SimCity on the Super Nintendo (SNES) included the basics of these two scenarios in two, more difficult scenarios that were made available after a player had completed the original scenarios:
Las Vegas - Aliens attack the city. This invasion is spread out over several years, stretching city resources. While somewhat similar to Hamburg, the scenario included casino features as well as animated flying saucers.
Freeland - Using a blank map without any water form, the mayor must build a game-described megalopolis of at least 500,000 people. There is no time limit in this scenario. While similar to the earlier Dullsville scenario, Freeland took advantage of the SNES version's clear delineations between city sizes, particularly metropolis and megalopolis. In the center of Freeland is a series of trees that bear the familiar head of Mario. However, the player is unable to build any of the reward buildings from the normal game.
While the scenarios were meant to be solved strategically, many players discovered by dropping the tax rate to zero near the end of the allotted timespan, one could heavily influence public opinion and population growth. In scenarios such as San Francisco, where rebuilding and, by extension, maintaining population growth play a large part of the objective, this kind of manipulation can mean a relatively easy victory. Later titles in the series would take steps to prevent players from using the budget to influence the outcome of scenarios.
Ports and versions
The main menu of SimCity Classic.
SimCity was originally released for home computers, including the Amiga, Atari ST and DOS-based IBM PC. After its success it was converted for several other computer platforms and video game consoles, including the Commodore 64, Mac OS-based Macintosh, Acorn Archimedes, Amstrad CPC, ZX Spectrum, BBC Micro, Acorn Electron, Super Nintendo Entertainment System, EPOC32, mobile phone, Internet, Windows, Virtual Console, FM-Towns, OLPC XO-1 and NeWS HyperLook on Sun Unix. The game is also available as a multiplayer version for X11 TCL/Tk on various Unix, Linux, DESQview and OS/2 operating systems. Certain versions have since been re-released with various add-ons, including extra scenarios.
In 2007 the developer Don Hopkins announced that One Laptop Per Child XO-1 will receive a free and open source version of the original SimCity. It is to be called Micropolis for trademark reasons.
Super Nintendo variation
The box art of the SNES port of SimCity.
SimCity for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System features the same gameplay and scenario features. There are several differences associated with the Nintendo port. The Nintendo port was developed and published by Nintendo, and Nintendo threw in their own ideas. Instead of the Godzilla monster disaster, Bowser of the Super Mario series becomes the attacking monster, and once your city reaches a landmark 500,000 populous, the player receives a Mario statue that is placeable in the city. The Nintendo port also features special buildings the player may receive as rewards, similar to the rewards buildings in SimCity 2000. There are also city classifications, such as becoming a metropolis at 100,000 people. Also unique to the SNES version is is a character named "Dr. Wright" (whose physical appearance is based on Will Wright) who acts as an advisor to the player. This edition is featured as Nintendo's Player's Choice as a million seller.
Detailed information about ports of SimCity Classic
Version – Release date
V.1.0 – NA 1989
Alongside SimCity for the Macintosh, this was the first and original version of SimCity. It ran on any Amiga with at least 512 kilobytes of memory, and was distributed on a single floppy disk.
This version has been enhanced with the ability to switch title sets. A title set consists of all the images the game use to draw the city, and by changing the title set one can give the city a different look and feel.
Because if this new functionality, SimCity 2 requires at least 1MB of memory, twice that of the original version.
Amiga CDTV
To make the game more pleasant to play when viewed on a distant television, this version of the game shows a closer view of the city. Other changes includes a user interface more suited for use from the the CDTV's remote control, use Red Book audio for music, and the addition of three scenarios.
V.1.0 – EU 1990
This version features scenarios but has no music and the game's graphics are less colorful than the graphics of the Amiga version.
BBC MicroAcorn Electron
V.1.0 – UK 1990
This version lacks police/fire stations, stadiums, railways and disasters. It also forgoes the stat screen useful for evaluating the city's development. The player can select between eight scenarios or on randomly generated terrain.
Features high resolution monochrome graphics.
MS-DOS – NA 1989
Features high resolution EGA graphics and PC speaker audio.
CD-ROM – NA 1994
Released by Interplay for DOS, it featured 256-color graphics and added live-action video.
Windows – NA 1992
JP April 26, 1991NA August, 1991EU September 24, 1992
Published by Nintendo under license by Maxis, the SNES version of SimCity had additional features not found in the original SimCity, including graphics changing to match the seasons (trees are green in summer, turn rusty brown in the fall, white in the winter, and bloom as cherry blossoms in the spring), civic reward buildings, and a very energetic green-haired city advisor named Dr. Wright (after Will Wright), who would often pop up and inform the player of problems with their city. In addition, the SNES version of SimCity had two additional bonus scenarios, accessible when the original scenarios were completed: Las Vegas and Freeland (see section on scenarios). The style of the buildings also resemble those in Japan rather than those of North America in Western releases.
A Nintendo Entertainment System port was also planned, but was cancelled.
Nintendo also put their stamp on the game, with the most dangerous disaster being Bowser attack on a city (in place of a generic movie-type monster), and a Mario statue awarded once a Megalopolis level of 500,000 inhabitants is reached.
The SNES version of SimCity has been released for the Wii's Virtual Console service.
V.1.0 – 1989
Has all the features (such as scenarios, crime, and disasters) of later versions of the game, only with much more limited sound and graphics.
Footnotes:Multi player SimCity for X11 TCL/Tk on the SGI Indigo workstation
SimCity Classic is available for Palm OS and on the SimCity.com website as Classic Live. It was also released by Atelier Software for the Psion 5 handheld computer, and mobile phones in 2006.
The July 2005 issue of Nintendo Power stated that a development cartridge of SimCity for the NES was found at Nintendo headquarters. Never released, it is reportedly the only one in existence.
Additionally a terrain editor and architecture disks were available with tileset graphics for settings of Ancient Asia, Medieval, Wild West, Future Europe, Future USA and a Moon Colony.
Versions of SimCity for the BBC Micro, Acorn Electron, and Acorn Archimedes computers were published by Superior Software/Acornsoft. Programmer Peter Scott had to squeeze the 512k Amiga version of the game into 20k in order to run on the ageing 32k BBC Micro and Acorn Electron. Despite this, it kept almost all of the functionality of the Amiga game and very similar graphics (although only using four colours).
DUX Software published a Unix version of SimCity for the NeWS window system using the HyperLook user interface environment, and a multi-player version of SimCity for the X11 window system using the TCL/Tk user interface toolkit, both developed and ported to various platforms by Don Hopkins.
For other Sim games, see the list of Sim games.
SimCity was critically acclaimed and received significant recognition within a year after its initial release. As of December 1990 (from a Maxis document by Sally Vandershaf, Maxis P.R. Coordinator) the game was reported to have won the following awards:
Best Entertainment Program 1989.
Best Educational Program, 1989.
Best Simulation Program, 1989.
Critics' Choice: Best Consumer Program, 1989, Software Publisher's Association.
Most Innovative Publisher, 1989, Computer Game Developer's Conference.
Best PC Game, 1989.
Member of the 1989 Game Hall of Fame, Macworld.
Game of the Year, 1989., Computer Gaming World.
Second Best Simulation of all Time for C-64.
Fourth Best Simulation of All Time for Amiga, .info.
Editors' Choice Award: Best Simulation, 1989, Compute.
Editors' Choice Award: Best Recreation Program, 1989, MacUser.
Best Computer Strategy Game, 1989, Video Games & Computer Entertainment.
Best Game Designer of the Year: Will Wright, for SimCity, 1989, Computer Entertainer.
Best 20th Century Computer Game, 1989, Charles S. Roberts Award.
Software Award of Excellence, 1990-1991, Technology and Learning.
Best Educational Program, 1990, European Computer Leisure Award.
Tild D'Or (Golden Award): Most Original Game, 1989, Tilt (France).
Game of the Year, 1989, Amiga Annual (Australia).
World Class Award, 1990, Macworld (Australia).
In addition, SimCity won the Origins Award for "Best Military or Strategy Computer Game" of 1989 in 1990, and the multiplayer X11 version of the game was also nominated in 1992 as the Best Product of the Year in Unix World.
The subsequent success of SimCity speaks for itself: "Sim" games of all types were developed - with Will Wright and Maxis developing myriad titles including SimEarth, SimFarm, SimTown, Streets of SimCity, SimCopter, SimAnt, SimLife, SimIsle, SimTower, SimPark, SimSafari, and The Sims, as well as SimsVille and SimMars, which were both never released. They also obtained licenses for some titles developed in Japan, such as SimTower and Let's Take The A-Train (just called A-Train outside of Japan). The most recent development is The Sims, and its sequel, The Sims 2. An upcoming release, Spore, was originally going to be titled "SimEverything" - a name that Will Wright thought might accurately describe what he was trying to achieve. The game yielded five sequels:
SimCity 2000 (1993)
SimCity 4 (2003)
SimCity DS (2007)
SimCity Societies (2007)
A fifth SimCity was revealed by Electronic Arts chief financial officer Warren Jenson in 2007. The title of the game is SimCity Societies and it was released worldwide on 13 November 2007. Societies has a larger focus on the city's inhabitants rather than on its architecture. Since Will Wright was busy with "Spore" and SimCity 4 was deemed too complex by some, Tilted Mill was given the task by EA to create Sim City DS.
SimCity inspired a new genre of video games. "Software toys" that were open-ended with no set objective were developed trying to duplicate SimCity's success. The most successful was most definitely Wright's own The Sims, which went on to be the best selling computer game of all time. The ideas pioneered in SimCity have been incorporated into real-world applications as well. For example, VisitorVille simulates a city based on website statistics.
The series also spawned a Sim City collectible card game, produced by Mayfair Games.
References in other games
In Space Quest IV, in the Software Excess Store, a game called Sim Sim is available. It is described as a "simulated simulator specially designed for creating a simulated simulators" and that "you can create a simulated environment in which you can create any simulated environment you want".
In Postal 2, an unplayable arcade game called "SymHomeless" can be spotted in various locations around town. Text in the game describing the phony game reads "lawsuit narrowly averted by changing 'i' to 'y'."
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Israeli Terror Victims Given Go-Ahead to Sue Bank of China in U.S.
Xiao Gang, chairman of Bank of China Ltd. 2004-2013 (photo: World Economic Forum)
Israeli victims of terrorist attacks have won the right to sue a U.S. branch of the Bank of China, which stands accused of handling wire transfers that facilitated bombings and rocket assaults by two Palestinian groups.
In a unanimous decision, a New York state appeals court sided with 50 citizens and residents of Israel who sued the Bank of China after they or their families were victimized by terrorist acts committed by Palestine Islamic Jihad and Hamas between 2005 and 2007. The government of China has majority ownership of the bank.
The plaintiffs sued the Bank of China in New York alleging it had handled international fund transfers that helped pay for the terrorist actions.
The New York appellate court decided Israeli law applied in the case, which was key because an Israeli statute makes it a crime to provide material support or services to terrorist organizations.
The bank’s lawyers contended that it would be unfair to hear the case in New York when much of the evidence resides in China. The defendant’s legal team also failed to convince the judges that Chinese law should apply to the case.
The Bank of China is also being sued on similar grounds in the case of Wultz v. Islamic Republic of Iran, which was filed by an American who was injured and whose son who was killed in a suicide bombing in Tel Aviv.
The son, Daniel Wultz, was the cousin of U.S. Representative Eric Cantor, the Republican majority leader in the House of Representatives.
Xiao Gang, the chairman of Bank of China Ltd. At the time of the alleged terrorist support, is now chairman of the China Securities Regulatory Commission.
Israeli Terror Victims to Sue Chinese Bank in NY (by Mark Thompson, Courthouse News Service)
Israeli Terror Victims Win Right to Have Case Against Bank of China Heard in U.S. Court (The Algemeiner)
Elmaliach v Bank of China Ltd. (New York Supreme Court)
Weston Family Faces Frustration of Court Fight after Grief of Terror Bombing (by Evan Benn, Justice for Daniel Wultz)
U.S. Judge Okays Terrorism Lawsuit against Bank of China (by Noel Brinkerhoff, AllGov)
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China to wipe out illegal ads of sexual medicine
China is to launch a three-month campaign to wipe out illegal advertisements of sexual medicine and venereal disease treatments, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce (SAIC) said Wednesday.
The decision was made at an inter-ministry meeting on combating illegal advertisements.
Attendants were officials from the SAIC, State Food and Drug Administration, State Administration of Radio, Film and Television (SARFT), Ministry of Health, Ministry of Public Security, and six other government agencies.
Advertisements of sexually transmitted diseases treatment and sexual products were increasing on the Internet recently, which have misled consumers, impaired the credibility of the media and seriously disturbed market order, said the SAIC.
The SAIC ordered its local bureaus to strengthen supervision of major portal websites and advertising firms. Those who carry such illegal advertisements would be severely punished according to relevant regulations.
In the first three quarters of the year, a total of 36,293 misleading and illegal advertisements publicized through the media were ferreted out by the SAIC, among which 6,025 were about medicines.
(Xinhua News Agency November 29, 2007)
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3 festivals made holidays
The Chinese government on Sunday officially announced the scrapping of one of the country's three "golden week" holidays and introduced three new one-day public holidays.
The new national public holiday plan adds three traditional festivals -- Tomb-Sweeping Day, Dragon-boat Festival and Mid Autumn Festival -- to the list of public holidays.
The plan, which comes into effect on January 1, also increases the total number of national holidays from 10 to 11 days.
Each of the three traditional festivals will be a one-day holiday, according to the plan unveiled by the State Council, or <?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" />China's cabinet.
The Spring Festival remains a three-day public holiday, but it will start one day earlier from the eve of the Lunar New Year, China's most important traditional festival.
The May Day holiday is shortened from three days to one day, while the three-day National Day holiday and one-day New Year holiday remain unchanged.
The government will continue to move the weekend days adjacent to a national holiday to form a longer holiday period so that people will have three days or seven days off in a row.
The New Year Day, Tomb-Sweeping Day, Dragon-Boat Festival, May Day, and Mid-Autumn Day then become holidays of three days each. The Spring Festival holiday and National Day holiday remain seven-day holidays.
An unnamed spokesman with the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) said the new plan would uphold Chinese traditions, make public holidays better distributed and, with more people traveling on new public and paid holidays, ease overcrowding during the golden weeks.
The three week-long holidays -- Spring Festival, May Day holiday and National Day holiday -- were introduced in 1999 to boost domestic demand amid efforts to promote China's economic growth.
But hundreds of millions of Chinese traveling at the same time made transport and tourist destinations very crowded, making these holidays far from an enjoyable experience.
Many netizens have complained that the revised May Day holiday will make the remaining two golden weeks even more crowded and that deprives people working far from their hometowns of the chance to go back home for family gatherings.
They have even voiced their worry that a lot of company employees will not be off on the newly-added traditional festival holidays.
The spokesman said the revision could not satisfy all the people, whose interests might vary, but did respect the opinion of a majority.
Citing government figures, he said that 75 percent of the people were in favor of the whole plan and that 60 percent of the netizens agreed to the way the May Day holiday was revised.
Also on Sunday, the State Council announced regulations on paid holidays, saying all employees of government agencies, enterprises and public-service institutions were entitled to take paid holidays after serving the same employer for one year.
Employees who have worked less than ten years will have five paid days off a year, those who have worked for ten to 19 years will have ten days and those who have worked for 20 years and above would have 15 days.
National holidays and weekends will not be included as paid holidays.
The regulations also stipulate that employees should have their full daily salary guaranteed during paid holidays and that those who keep working should be paid three times as much.
(Xinhua News Agency December 17, 2007)
- Draft plan on holidays, paid vacations approved
- Surveys find paid vacation a luxury for people
- Give us a break, say most for holiday plan
- Public support new holiday plan
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Anthony (Anthony) S. Verrelli (D-15a)
State Assembly Member Anthony Verrelli
Email - Web Site - Twitter
Capitol: 609.847.3115
District: 609.292.0500
State Assembly Member
State House 125 West State Street
Residence:Hopewell Township, NJ
Vice Chair Assembly Committee on Labor
Member Assembly Special Committee on Infrastructure and Natural Resources
Member Assembly Committee on Health
Assemblyman Verrelli is a life-long resident of Legislative District 15. Born and raised in Lawrence, Anthony graduated from Notre Dame High School before attending the Sam F. Secretario Carpenters Training Center. It was there that Anthony learned carpentry and it was the beginning of what would be a, currently, 30 year career as a building tradesman. Family has always mattered to the Assemblyman. Born to immigrant parents right here in the 15th , Anthony is now married. He and his wife Donna have one beautiful daughter, Alyssa. Anthony and his family, including his parents Georgina and Freddie and brother Ronnie, all live in Pennington. Anthony is dedicated to making sure New Jersey residents earn a respectable income so they can live well and retire with dignity. His career in the trades has allowed him to help others who have struggled with the traditional path of working in an office. As a member of United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America since 1989, and a Union Organizer since 1998, Anthony has fought for Union member's wages and benefits. Assemblyman Verrelli currently works for The Keystone + Mountain + Lakes Regional Council of Carpenters as a Senior Council Representative, Team Leader, and Trustee. He is also the current president of Local Union 254. Anthony is a proud, life-long tradesman. The Assemblyman first got involved in public affairs in 2001 when he became a member of the Ewing Township Zoning Board of Adjustments. He then joined the Mercer County Planning Board in 2004. From 2008 to 2016 Anthony was a member of the Mercer County Improvement Authority. Anthony has been a proud member of the Hopewell Township Knights of Columbus since 2010. In 2016, Anthony ran a successful campaign for Freeholder in Mercer County before becoming an Assemblyman in the 15 th Legislative District in August 2018. Assemblyman Verrelli hopes to focus on three key areas during his time in the legislature; 1) economic justice; 2) mental health, addiction services, and fighting recidivism; and 3) clean air and water. Anthony looks forward to working hard for the Fighting 15 and serving his constituents and State to the best of his ability.
Election / Personal Info
First Elected: 2018 Next Election: 2021
Spouse: Donna DOB: 1/6/1964
Counties Representing
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Madikizela
September 1936 – April 2018
Stories & Speeches
EULOGY BY PRESIDENT CYRIL RAMAPHOSA Programme Directors, Minister Nosiviwe Mapisa-Nqakula and Chairperson of the NCOP Thandi Modise, Members of the Mandela and Madikizela families, HE President Denis Sassou Nguesso, HE President Hage Geingob, Deputy President David Mabuza, Speaker of the National Assembly Ms Baleka Mbete, Vice Presidents and Prime Ministers, Visiting Former Presidents and Prime Ministers, Ministers and Deputy Ministers, Heads of Delegations from Sister Countries and Multilateral Organisations, Your Majesties and all Traditional Leaders, Distinguished International Leaders, Leaders of South African Political Parties, Members of Parliament, Heads of Delegations from Fraternal Parties, Friends, Comrades, Fellow South Africans We gather here to bid farewell to Mam’ Winnie Nomzamo Madikizela Mandela – a mother, a grandmother, a great grandmother, a sister, a great leader who we have come to refer to as the Mother of our Nation. Just as we are burdened by the sorrow of her death, so too are we comforted by the richnessand profound meaning of her life. The pain we carry in our hearts cannot be extinguished. Nor should we be denied our joy in recalling the life of so wondrous a person. We gather here not only to pay our final respects to a great African woman, but to affirm the common humanity that, through her life, she revealed in us. Her life was dedicated to the unity of the daughters and sons of the African soil. Her life was dedicated to the unity of the oppressed of all nations. In death, she has brought us all together, from near and far, across many nations and continents, to mourn, to pay homage, to remember and to fondly reminisce. In death, she has demonstrated that our many differences along political party and racial linesand the numerous disputes we may have areeclipsed by our shared desire to follow her lead in building a just, equitable and caring society. Hers was a life of service. It was a life of compassion. She chose as her vocation the alleviation of the suffering of others. She trained and worked as one who provides support and care and comfort to those most deeply affected by poverty, hunger and illness. Yet, like many of the great leaders of her generation, she understood that the suffering she encountered did not happen on the edges of society. Such suffering defined society. She saw for herself the deliberate intent of the apartheid rulers to impoverish the people of this country. Her conscience, her convictions, left her with no choice but to resist. She felt compelled to join a struggle that was as noble in its purpose as it was perilous in its execution. She felt compelled to speak when others were rendered silent. She felt compelled to organise, to mobilise, to lead when those who led our people had beensent across the bay to the Island, whilst others were forced to flee beyond our borders or were martyred by a state that knew no mercy. She felt compelled to pick up the spear where ithad fallen. It was a spear that, throughout the darkest moments of our struggle, she wielded with great courage, unequivocal commitment and incredible skill. Her formidable will was matched by a keen political sense and a presence that inspired both awe and admiration. As a potent symbol of resistance, as the steadfast bearer of the name ‘Mandela’, she was seen by the enemy as a threat to the raciststate. She was an African woman who – in her attitude, her words and her actions – defied the very premise of apartheid ideology and male superiority. Proud, defiant, articulate, she exposed the lie of apartheid. She laid bare the edifice of patriarchy. She challenged the attitudes, norms, practices and social institutions that perpetuated – in ways both brutal and subtle – the inferior status of women. Loudly and without apology, she spoke truth to power. And it was those in power who, insecure and fearful, visited upon her the most vindictive and callous retribution. Yet, through everything, she endured. They could not break her. They could not silence her. After Nelson Mandela was jailed, she said: “They think, because they have put my husband on an island, that he will be forgotten. They are wrong. The harder they try to silence him, the louder I will become!”. And she became evermore so bold and loud. They thought they could ‘banish’ her toBrandfort. They miscalculated greatly because in truth,they sent her to live among her people – to share in their trials, tribulations and hardships, to share their hopes and aspirations, and to draw courage from their daily struggle againstthe tyranny of racial subjugation. The enemy expected her to return from Brandfort diminished, broken and defeated. They expected her to succumb to the excruciating pressure of years of solitary confinement, harassment and vilification. Instead, she emerged from these tormentsemboldened, driven by a burning desire to give voice to the aspirations of her people. To give them hope. To give them courage. To lead them to freedom. It was not long ago that we celebrated with Mama Winnie her 80th birthday. On that occasion, we recited the poem by Maya Angelou, “And still I rise”. It is only fitting that we should do so again today,for Maya Angelou could easily have written this poem to describe Nomzamo Winnie Madikizela-Mandela’s life. You may write me down in history With your bitter, twisted lies, You may tread me in the very dirt But still, like dust, I'll rise. Does my sassiness upset you? Why are you beset with gloom? 'Cause I walk like I've got oil wells Pumping in my living room. Just like moons and like suns, With the certainty of tides, Just like hopes springing high, Still I'll rise. Did you want to see me broken? Bowed head and lowered eyes? Shoulders falling down like teardrops. Weakened by my soulful cries. Does my haughtiness offend you? Don't you take it awful hard? 'Cause I laugh like I've got gold mines Diggin' in my own back yard. You may shoot me with your words, You may cut me with your eyes, You may kill me with your hatefulness, But still, like air, I'll rise. Does my sexiness upset you? Does it come as a surprise That I dance like I've got diamonds At the meeting of my thighs? Out of the huts of history's shame I rise Up from a past that's rooted in pain I rise I'm a black ocean, leaping and wide, Welling and swelling I bear in the tide. Leaving behind nights of terror and fear I rise Into a daybreak that's wondrously clear I rise Bringing the gifts that my ancestors gave, I am the dream and the hope of the slave. I rise I rise I rise”. Like so many of our people she has lived with fear, pain, loss and disappointment. And yet each day she rose with the nobleness of the human spirit. They sought to denigrate her with bitter and twisted lies, but still she rose. They wanted to see her broken, with bowed head and lowered eyes, and weakened by soulful cries, but still she rose. As we bid her farewell, we are forced to admit that too often as she rose, she rose alone. Too often, we were not there for her. The day after she died, the ANC’s top six leaders went to her home to pay our condolences to her family. Zenani Mandela, reflecting on her mother’s life and overcome by emotion, said: “My mother suffered. She had a very difficult life.” Then she burst into tears. That statement and those tears have stayed with me since that day. Zenani’s tears revealed Mam’ Winnie’s wounds. It brought to mind the moment when Jesus said to the apostle Thomas as recorded in the book of John 20:27: “Put your finger here; see my hands. Reach out your hand and put it into my side.” In essence, Jesus was saying to the apostle: “Touch my wounds.” During this period of mourning many South Africans have been touching Mam’ Winnie’s wounds. It ought to have been done long ago. For she wore the gaping wounds of her people. She had been left to tend her wounds on her own for most of her life. Left alone to fend for herself only caused her more pain. But she touched our wounds all the time. When we lost our loved ones, when people were in pain, overcome with anger, prone to violence, she came to touch our wounds. She bore witness to our suffering. She bandaged our wounds. We did not do the same for her. In her book ‘Part of My Soul Went with Him’, she wrote: “I have ceased a long time ago to exist as an individual. The ideals, the political goals that I stand for, those are the ideals and goals of the people in this country. They cannot just forget their own ideas. My private self doesn’t exist. Whatever they do to me, they do to the people in the country. I am and will always be only a political barometer. “From every situation I have found myself in, you can read the political heat in the country at a particular time. When they send me into exile, it’s not me as an individual they are sending. They think that with me they can also ban the political ideas. But that is a historical impossibility. They will never succeed in doing that. I am of no importance to them as an individual. What I stand for is what they want to banish. I couldn’t think of a greater honour.” Her healing from the deep wounds inflicted on her was incomplete. We must continue to touch Mama’s wounds, acknowledge her immense pain and torment, and pass on the stories of her suffering to future generations so that it may always be known that Winnie Madikizela-Mandela was a giant, a pathfinder, a soldier, a healer, a champion of people’s struggles and forever the Mother of the Nation. We must also recognise our own wounds as a nation. We must acknowledge that we are a society that is hurting, damaged by our past, numbed by our present and hesitant about our future. This may explain why we are easily prone to anger and violence. Many people saw Mam’ Winnie as their mother because her own wounds made her real and easy to relate to. It is only when you experience real pain yourself that you can recognise it in others and offer comfort. That is what Mam’ Winnie did for decades, particularly when she stood alone as a bulwark against the apartheid regime, when she wiped away people’s tears, carried their coffins and inspired violence-fatigued communities to carryon. Mam’ Winnie was a witness to the truths andhorrors of our nation, not only because of her own hardships but because of her courage. Like the women who went to Jesus’s tomb after the men ran away, she was perpetually in the trenches, never afraid that it would be too much for her to bear. When it was safe to do so, the men took over again and the women were relegated to a supporting role. Mam’ Winnie provided leadership at the most difficult periods and sought no reward. Like women throughout our society do every day, she toiled and never claimed glory. Mam’ Winnie was universal and timeless. As we continue to touch her wounds, we must be brave enough to share her life and legacy across our society and with the people she loved. Shortly before her death, we had a conversation about her concerns, her worries and her wishes. She spoke of her deep desire for unity and the renewal not only of the movement that she loved dearly, but of the nation. She wanted a South African nation that wouldheal the divisions of the past and eradicate the inequality and injustice of the present. She wanted us to honour the commitment in the Freedom Charter that the people should share in the country’s wealth and that the land should be shared amongst those who work it and be returned. She spoke of many thoughts she had about how the revolutionary ideals and morality of her movement should be restored and not be undermined by corruption and self-enrichment. Just as Mam’ Winnie has united us in sorrow, let us honour her memory by uniting in common purpose. Let us honour her memory by pledging here that we will dedicate all our resources, all our efforts, all our energy to the empowerment of the poor and vulnerable. Let us honour her memory by pledging here that we will not betray the trust of her people, we will not squander or steal their resources, and that we will serve them diligently and selflessly. The Mother of the Nation has died, but she is not gone. She lives on in the young girl who today still walks the dusty streets of Mbongweni, resolutethat her life will not be defined by the poverty into which she was born, nor constrained by the attitudes to women that seek to demean her existence. She lives on in the domestic worker who is determined that the suffering and sacrifice of her many years of servitude will not be visited on her children. She lives on in the prisoner who regrets his choices as much as he bemoans his circumstances, who dearly seeks another chance to make a better life for his family. She lives on in the engineer, who has defied discrimination and prejudice to build a career for herself in a field so long reserved for a privileged few. She lives on in the social worker who tends to those in society who are neglected and abused, asking nothing for himself but the opportunity to serve. She lives on in the Palestinian teenager who refuses to stand by as he is stripped of hishome, his heritage and his prospects for a peaceful, content and dignified life. She lives on in the African-American woman, who though she lives in a country of great prosperity and progress, is still weighed down by the accumulated prejudice of generations. She lives on even in the conscience of the apartheid security policeman who has yet to atone for his murderous ways, but whose humanity she sought to salvage and whose dignity she fought to restore. She lives on in the movement to which she dedicated her life, as it seeks its way back to the path along which she led it. She lives on in the nation that called her ‘Mama’, as it strives each day to fulfil its destiny as a united, peaceful, prosperous and just society. Nomzamo Winnie Madikizela-Mandela has died, but she is not gone. She lives on in all of us. She inspires our actions. She guides our struggles. She remains our conscience. May her soul rest in eternal peace. May her spirit live forever. Lala ngoxolo Nobantu, Ngutyana. Phapha. Makhalendlovu Msuthu. Msengetwa qhawe lama qhawe. I thank you.
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by ZU Digital with the support of UNESCO MGIEP
World Rescue is a narrative, research-based video-game inspired by the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations. Through fast-paced gameplay set in Kenya, Norway, Brazil, India, and China, you will meet and help five young heroes and help them solve global problems—such as displacement, disease, deforestation, drought, and pollution—at the community level. After all, it’s young global citizens like you who have the power to lead us to a more sustainable world!
Characters of the game
Sanya is a young agricultural scientist from India who has been assigned to work with a farming community to help them cope with the effects of climate change. When a huge flood hits the village, Sanya uses her experience to bring the villagers a package of new technologies that can help them rebuild and improve their livelihood.
Amana is an indigenous 13-year-old girl who loves and respects her rainforest home in Brazil and is worried about its future. When bull dozers arrive in her community, the impact of deforestation hits close to home and Ama takes action to save her precious trees and successfully turn it into a protected reserve.
Salim is an 18-year-old Somali student who came to Kenya as a refugee and lives in a refugee camp (inspired by Dadaab). He loves football and often lends a helping hand to his mother who is doctor at the medical clinic by helping new refugees transition from “relief to recovery.” When there’s a cholera outbreak, Salim helps create a community action plan to prevent future infectious disease outbreaks.
Hana is a corporate lawyer and single mother in Oslo, Norway who is committed to teaching her son how to be an environmentally conscious young citizen. When her son is hospitalized with lethal food poisoning, Hana discovers, to her surprise, that one of her firm’s clients—a paper mill factory—is responsible for mercury dumping in fresh waters. She sets out to collect evidence so that she can bring the company to justice.
Liang is an auto factory manager in Ghuangzhou, China who is tasked with the job to increase output for his car factory and improve its bottom line. As output increases, however, Liang notices that so are by-products of waste and air pollution, as well as health problems. When a fire breaks out in the factory, Liang sets out to restructure the factory for a more sustainable, greener future.
An activist and a researcher living in the United States, Professor Morris is a leading expert on global development issues with a special passion for the environment. She was instrumental in creating the Global Sustainable Development Goals for the United Nations and teaches at a well-known university where she mentors young activists who promise to change the world and work towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals.
Meet young activists
Learn about the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals
Discover rich stories
Help communities
Solve problems through gameplay
About UNESCO MGIEP
The UNESCO Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Education for Peace and Sustainable Development is UNESCO’s first Category 1 institute in the Asia-Pacific region with a focus on education for peace and sustainable development to foster global citizenship. Through youth networks and emphasis on developing innovative ICT-based pedagogies, as well as initiatives in rethinking curricula, MGIEP has positioned itself as a leading institute for transformative learning for peace and sustainable development.
Read more about UNESCO MGIEP’s work.
About the Gaming Challenge
In 2014, UNESCO MGIEP launched its first international Gaming Challenge, inviting proposals for video games that promote peace, sustainable development and global citizenship. The challenge received 104 entries from 36 countries, including 32 inter-country collaborations. In October 2015, after a rigorous process of mentoring by our internationally acclaimed Jury, World Rescue was chosen as the winning game design document.
Literary Safari
Literary Safari is the research and narrative design team behind the characters and stories in World Rescue. Based in New York, Literary curates, produces, and publishes educational content and children’s apps inspired by the 4 C’s of 21st century education—Creativity, Critical Thinking, Communication, and Collaboration. We are deeply committed to producing inclusive projects that celebrate literacy, play, problem-solving, diversity, global connections, and storytelling.
Read more about Literary Safari.
company@zu.digital
ZU Digital is a member of the ZU Digital Group
© Copyright , ZU Digital Ltd. All Rights Reserved.
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2017 ‘Congressional Pastors’ Briefings
By Wall Builders
There is a new climate in Washington, DC! The overt hostility toward religious faith that has been present in recent years has changed. Our trips to DC in recent weeks to meet with congressional leaders have affirmed that many positive changes are now underway — toward chaplains in the military, faith-based programs, protecting traditional moral values, strengthening protections for public religious expressions, and more. It is amazing the optimism that now fills so many Members of Congress, and the number of positive bills they are filing and preparing to pass.
There is also a fresh atmosphere of boldness in Congress, and that same spirit should be found in our churches. We need a revival of what the British in the American War for Independence dubbed the Black Robe Regiment — a throwback to the days when ministers were so impactful that they were credited (or blamed, from the British point of view) with being largely responsible for the American War for Independence! John Adams agreed, specifically identifying clergy among those he felt were most influential in securing America’s independence.
We want you to experience and be part of the new sea change in America, and to that end, we’d like to extend a special invitation to you to join us at the WallBuilders’ Congressional Pastors’ Briefings in Washington, DC.
Our briefings will be held April 4-5 and September 12-13, 2017. If you are a pastor or ministry leader, we invite you to register to attend one of the briefings – but hurry, space is limited!
The briefings include a nighttime, after-hours Spiritual Heritage tour of the United States Capitol, and a day filled with exclusive briefings from leading Senators and Representatives on issues of importance to people of faith.
There is no charge for the Briefings; but attendees are responsible for their own transportation, food, and lodging. The events are truly inspiring and a blessing to all who attend!
To register and for more information, visit us at wallbuilders.com/PBdates.asp. If you have any questions, please contact us at 817-441-6044.
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USD/CNY Tests 28-Month High As Economy Continues Recovery
The Chinese yuan is now testing its best level in more than two years against the US dollar. As China becomes the lone outlier in the global economy when it comes to the recovery, the yuan is joining the broader rally in the foreign exchange market. With the year 2020 winding down, is the next stop for the yuan 6.4? Better yet, will policymakers allow the yuan to appreciate that much?
On Monday, the Peopleâs Bank of China (PBoC) reversed course by pumping liquidity into the banking system. Despite the central bank stating that it would suspend injecting cash into the financial sector, the PBoC put $121 billion into the system through the medium-term lending facility at an interest rate of 2.95% and a maturity within a year.
PBoC officials defended the action by noting that it aimed to preserve liquidity conditions and financially assist commercial and policy institutions. This, the central bank noted, would allow banks to borrow from the central bank using securities as collateral.
Because the economy is on a sound footing, the PBoC stated that it would not be necessary to embark upon liquidity operations through open market processes.
Later this week, Beijing will set its benchmark loan prime rate for November. It is widely expected that the central bank will keep its one-year LPR unchanged at 3.85%, and the five-year LPR steady at 4.65%.
On the data front, industrial production advanced 6.9% year-over-year in October, beating the market forecast of 6.5%. Retail sales surged 4.3% last month, up from the annualized rate of 3.3% in September. The unemployment rate dipped from 5.4% in September to 5.3% in October. The median estimate was 5.5%.
The positive economic data and liquidity support are enhancing the nation’s status as the only major economy anticipated to grow in 2020. This is also helping the yuan become one of the top-performing currencies in the global economy. Although Beijing is far from returning to pre-pandemic levels, fiscal and monetary support are facilitating notable growth for the world’s second-largest economy.
As the rest of the world attempts to recover next year, China already has a head start on its rivals.
Chang Shu, the chief Asia economist at Bloomberg Economics, wrote in a research note:
Looking ahead, growth is expected to stay robust through year-end and into the first few months of 2021. The recovery in consumption and exports should continue. Against this backdrop, we donât see a compelling case now for further general easing in monetary policy — either a cut in interest rates or reserve requirements — this year.
The USD/CNY currency pair tumbled 0.4% to 6.5583, from an opening of 6.5847, at 13:59 GMT on Tuesday. The EUR/CNY fell 0.26% to 7.7863, from an opening of 7.8052.
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Tag Archives: young people
Autism, Charity, Disability, Learning disability, Race, Social care, Social exclusion, Third sector, Young people
Prejudice and inadequate support: the situation for minority ethnic children with learning disabilities
August 9, 2017 Saba Salman Leave a comment
Callum and Parmi Dheensa (photo: Parmi Dheensa)
When Parmi Dheensa’s son Callum kissed a classmate on the cheek not long after starting at a special needs primary school, a teacher asked his mother if this was “culturally appropriate”. Dheensa said that as long as the classmate was happy, nothing in her son’s Punjabi heritage forbade such displays of affection.
It is just one example over many years of professionals leaping to incorrect conclusions based on the ethnicity of her severely learning disabled son, who is now 19, says Dheensa. They also assume she does not work and is supported by an extended family when in fact she is a lone parent who works full-time. Dheensa, 43, was once told that her son’s support – he lives at home and is at a special school – was “better than it would be in India”. Fair point maybe, she says, but irrelevant to a British-born, Midlands-based family.
My Guardian article focuses on Parmi’s charity, Include Me Too, which works with 1,500 families a year. It has launched a campaign for the government to review its equality duties in relation to special needs education and support for BAME communities.
The charity has now launched a campaign asking the government to review BAME representation in government decision-making (existing involvement is, says Dheensa, “tokenistic”) and a new disability and equality strategy to ensure families get better support. The criticism is that professionals do not fully involve parents in reviews of the support they require, or in drawing up education, health and care plans, and parents or carer forums are predominately white British.
Read the article on the Guardian website.
charitycutsdisabilityeducationhealthlearning disabilityservice userssocial carethird sectoryoung people
Education, Employment, Housing, Uncategorized, Women, Young people
Sexism, stereotypes – and getting sanitary bins on site
July 6, 2017 Saba Salman
Recent graduates talk about candidly women in construction (photo: Leon Csernohlavek)
Do women get a good deal in construction?
This was the question debated by a group of young women in diverse roles in the construction industry for an article I’ve just done for Construction Manager magazine.
According the Office of National Statistics, women account for just 12.8% of the workforce. Then there is the gender pay gap – the construction and building trades’ supervisors have the highest in the sector, with men paid 45.4% more than women. Little wonder then that the number of women in construction has dropped by 17% in the last 10 years, compared to a 6.5% drop for all workers in the industry.
You can read the full piece to see why it makes economic as well as ethical sense to increase the numbers of women in the industry. Among the topics debated were the fact that more action is needed to break the stereotype that construction is a man’s industry.
The roundtable heard that issues such as a lack of female toilets or sanitary bins are common. As one participant said, if a woman working on site has to leave the project several times a day to find a public lavatory, there is a strong productivity case – as well as a human rights case – for installing facilities.
Thanks to all who took part in what was a fascinating and determined debate – and all power to these strong young women and their efforts to shake up a male-dominated sector.
businesseducationemploymenthousingwomenyoung people
Bullying, Charity, Child poverty, Cuts, Parenting, Research, Social care, Social exclusion, Third sector, Welfare, Wellbeing, Young people
New report demands more support for vulnerable children
July 5, 2017 admin Leave a comment
Families at a Spurgeons’ children’s centre, Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire (photo: Bronac McNeill)
Guest post by Ross Hendry, chief executive of Spurgeons Children’s Charity
New research, which we launch today, paints a picture of far too many young families struggling.
Parents with children under the age of 18 are increasingly anxious, according to Spurgeons’ Parent Report, and many feel that there is little support available.
The research shows half of parents worry their children have low self-esteem or are unhappy (46%) or are being bullied (46%)*; whilst 42% of parents think there is little to no support available from statutory, community or voluntary services to help with family challenges.
And it is many of the most vulnerable who are struggling the most. The ones who cannot or do not have a strong, stable and supportive network of family and friends to turn to. These are the families we work with, day in, day out – their children are among the 4 million living in poverty in the UK today. They are the families for whom support seems very distant and hard to attain just when their needs seem to be increasing.
What’s important is that families get the support they need when they need it. And that’s where charities like ours come in. Spurgeons Children’s Charity is driven by its mission to improve the lives of families and children who are struggling to cope; and to see every child given the chance of a hope filled future.
It is 150 years since we were first founded, but we still work at the heart of communities to improve the life chances of some of the most vulnerable children and families in England. Our focus is supporting families who struggle to support themselves through intervention and help that centres on the child.
The reality is, despite the immense wealth and opportunities for social mobility, life for some families is as tough today as it was when we were first established. Inequality today may look different; we may know more about causes and solutions; we may spend more time talking and writing about it; but it is still an enduring social and economic scar on our society.
We offer a range of different services across the country. For example, our 23 children’s centres support parents with young children to access the help they need, ensuring poverty and deprivation don’t become barriers to a better future. We work with local partners in communities with high levels of deprivation across the UK, supporting parents and their children from pre-natal stage up to the age of five.
When parents need to develop new strategies for dealing with issues; or they feel they maybe aren’t coping as well as they could, our support worker teams are there. Sometimes just to listen; but often to provide practical support and advice too. There are a range of parenting courses; opportunities to stay and play and a chance to meet and talk with other parents.
The chance to access peer to peer support can be invaluable and a life line for many parents who often feel alone. This is true for both mums and dads and we’re keen to recognise the important roles fathers play in their children’s lives. Our Saturdads project, which started in 2009 and worked with 89 dads last year alone, helps fathers develop stronger, positive relationships; build peer support networks; and generally build their confidence as a parent. Too often public funded services are portrayed as places of dependency when the reality is a timely intervention can be the route to flourishing, maturity and development for parents and children.
Spurgeons works to support families (photo: Bronac McNeill)
The Parent Report we publish today gives us an opportunity to compare the views of the wider parent population to our own insight. From parent feedback at our services, through to safeguarding reporting, we are able to draw out comparisons and identity some common themes. What we do know from the work taking place is that it’s not always easy for families to reach out.
All too often, parents are afraid to engage. For whatever reason, whether its concern over how they will be perceived, or feeling like they have somehow failed, we’re often the last place they turn. It’s not uncommon for us to be told by parents that they wished they’d reached out sooner. But the question we need to ask is ‘why aren’t they?’
We need our services, and those offered by others like us – from government, charities, schools and GPs – to be recognised as the safe and reassuring places we believe them to be. Where parents can take their children and be free from judgement at a time in their life when they need it most.
It’s only fair that we all accept some responsibility with this – if parents don’t feel that they can access the support available, what can we do differently to help them on their way? More awareness maybe; more accessibility for the isolated and hard to reach groups most definitely; but maybe it’s more than that.
In a world where they are so many expectations and pressures, living up to a perfect ideal can make a tough job even harder. From our part, we want to ensure there is always someone there to support families – especially those in greatest need – with good information, advice and meaningful support.
All figures, unless otherwise stated, are from YouGov Plc. Total sample size was 1,842 GB parents with children under 18 years of age. Fieldwork was undertaken between 21st – 27 April 2017. The survey was carried out online. The figures have been weighted and are representative of all GB adults (aged 18+).
* When asked about the three issues they are most concerned about for their children, either now or in the future.
charitychild povertycommunitiesfamilyhappinesshealthmental healthparentingpovertyresearchschoolssocial carethird sectorwelfareyoung peopleyouth
Autism, Bullying, Cuts, Disability, Domestic violence, Education, Employment, Health, Learning disability, Local government, Mental health, Uncategorized, Wellbeing, Young people
Campaigner Jonathan Andrews on the talents and skills of autistic people
Jonathan Andrews was once advised to hide his autism from prospective employers. Instead, he is making his name by doing just the opposite.
The 22-year-old recently won campaigner of the year at the European Diversity Awards 2016 and talked to me about his work for a Guardian interview.
He’s involved in a plethora of awareness-raising projects, including sitting on the first parliamentary commission on autism. He also advised the government on its green paper on work, health and employment, which is out to consultation until later this month.
The graduate, who is an academic high-flyer, starts a trainee solicitor role later this year. He believes a law career will enable him to create practical change, but says combining law with campaigning is crucial. As he explains: “There is only so far legislation can go…you need to be winning hearts and minds to get change.” For his views on work and disability, see the full interview here.
He credits his family for their supportive role in his campaigning and he speaks powerfully about how his younger brother defended him against school bullies (“It was words like ‘retard’”). Jonathan stressed that it was in fact his brother who found it harder to deal with the verbal abuse: “I developed a thick skin, people used to tease me, but I always felt there would always be people like that and it was best not to focus on them. I came out in a better state than my brother, because I could shut it out and carry on – but for people who love you, it [trying to rise above verbal abuse directed at a relative] can be harder.”
An autism diagnosis at nine was, he says, useful in understanding his needs, but some of his parents’ friends reacted with sympathy. “The instant reaction was ‘I’m so sorry’. My mum would say ‘why?’ She said ‘my son hasn’t become autistic because of this diagnosis – it lets me understand it [autism] better; he’s always been my boy and is the same person he always was’.”
What struck me about Jonathan’s work – aside from the huge amount of awareness-raising at such a young age – is that he works on a range of diversity issues; along with autism, he raises awareness of mental health issues and LGBT equality. For example, he’s launching a best practice autism toolkit with the Commonwealth disability working group in April and hosting a related Commonwealth Day event in March.
He is also involved in promoting LGBT rights as co-founder of professional network the London Bisexual Network, challenging the idea that an autistic person “is not a sexual being because you are somehow ‘other’”. He adds of his campaigning on autism as well as LGBT issues: “People often think with autism you have to be interested in one thing and this means that you are great in one area and terrible at everything else.”
He also works to educate young people about domestic violence. He explains: “When I was child and I saw something that was wrong, I wanted to correct it and when I see something that is blatant injustice I just want to do what I can to help…[with domestic violence campaigning] I know what is is like to have a stable family, family that loves you, and I want others to be able to experience that.”
In fact, his broad range of campaigning interests reflects the change in attitudes which he is trying to achieve through his work: “People often think with autism you have to be interested in one thing and this means that you are great in one area and terrible at everything else.
The full interview is here.
You can follow Jonathan on Twitter @JonnyJAndrews
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Credit: Director, Teaser Editor |
My brother Keith and I are developing our first feature film, THE SKYLARK. While finishing the screenplay, we thought it would be fun to create a companion piece that tells a bit of back story. THE SKYLARK is about a young indie musician who struggles to rediscover his artistic voice after losing his older brother/bandmate in a tragic accident. This short film, SWEET NOTHING, which takes place 20 years earlier, is about that same older brother discovering his love of music and buying his first record. The film is intended to feel like an extended flashback.
SWEET NOTHING was shot entirely on a Canon 5d Mark ii digital SLR with Nikon lenses by Director of Photography, Alan Poon, and edited by Damian Ziemkowski. The film was a finalist for November’s Film of the Month on Shooting People and premiered at the 18th Curtas Villa do Conde International Film Festival in 2010.
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Dilip Buildcon Declared L-1 Bidder For Construction Of Airport At Hirasar
The Rs 570 crore project will be completed with 30 months, it said in a statement.
1591460459719Constructionshutterstock_136776197.jpg
Constructionshutterstock_136776197
by BW Online Bureau
Engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) firm Dilip Buildcon said on Friday it has been selected as the lowest bidder by the Airports Authority of India for construction of a greenfield airport at Hirasar near Rajkot city of Gujarat.
The Rs 570 crore project will be completed with 30 months, it said in a statement. The scope of work includes detailed designing, engineering, procurement and construction of runway, basic strips, turning pads, taxiways, apron, airfield ground lighting system and visual aids for navigation. In March, the Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi had approved the development of new greenfield airport in the Hirasar district, about 36 km from Rajkot which is the fourth largest city in Gujarat after Ahmedabad, Surat, and Vadodara.
Reports say the existing airport at Rajkot is severely constrained with just 236 acres of land. It suffers from capacity restraints due to presence of residential as well as commercial buildings around it.
A railway line and a state highway located around this airport on the eastern side also prohibit extension of the runway.
There is no feasibility to expand and the possibility of operating wide-bodied aircraft is also ruled out.
(ANI)
Dilip Buildcon airport Hirasar
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Buffalo is a city located in Erie County, New York. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 292,648. It is located on the eastern end of Lake Erie. It is located at the beginning of the Niagara River which flows northward, over the Niagara Falls and into Lake Ontario. Erie and Niagara Counties have a combined population of 1,170,111 (2000). Buffalo itself the second largest city in New York state after New York City. It is the county seat of Erie County6.
The origin of the name is thought to be from the French "beau fleuve" - "beautiful river" which refers to the Niagara River.
A good way to see Buffalo is from the observation deck at the top of the 30-story City Hall. Buffalo has the third-oldest zoo in the United States, the Albright-Knox Art Gallery, and Kleinhans Music Hall known for its acoustical qualities.
The world-famous Buffalo chicken wings were invented in a Buffalo bar (The Anchor Bar) in 1964. The city is also famous as the birthplace of folk singer and songwriter Ani DiFranco, as well as the home of her independent record label, Righteous Babe Records.
Several US Navy ships have been named USS Buffalo in honor of the city.
The city is served by Buffalo Niagara International Airport.
4 Climate
5 Sports Teams
The first European settlement in what is now Erie County was in 1758 by the French at the mouth of Buffalo Creek. It was destroyed a year later because of an impending English attack.
The first American to settle in Buffalo was Cornelius Winney in 1789, who set up a log-cabin store for trading with the Native American community there. The land upon which Buffalo was built was part of the Holland Land Purchase and was sold through the Holland Land Company's office in Batavia, NY, starting in 1801. By 1811, there was an Anglo-American village of some 500 people at Buffalo. In 1808 the new Niagara County, New York was formed (which at the time included what is now Erie County), with Buffalo as the county seat.
On 30 December, 1813, during the War of 1812, British troops and their Native American allies captured the village of Buffalo and burned much of it to the ground.
Buffalo was incorporated as a town in 1816.
Upon the completion of the Erie Canal in 1825, Buffalo became the western end of the 524-mile waterway starting at New York City. At the time Buffalo had a population of about 2,400 people; with the increased commerce of the canal, the population boomed. Buffalo was reincorporated as a city in 1832, at which time it had some 10,000 people.
Buffalo was a terminus of the Underground Railroad, an informal series of safe houses for runaway slaves from the U. S. South. After hiding at the Michigan Avenue Baptist Church, the slaves would take a ferry to Fort Erie, Ontario, Canada and to their freedom.
Several U.S. presidents are connected to Buffalo history. Millard Fillmore took up permanent residence in Buffalo in 1822 before he became president. Grover Cleveland lived in Buffalo from 1854 until 1882, and became mayor of the city. William McKinley was shot on September 5, 1901 at the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo, and died in Buffalo on the 14th. Theodore Roosevelt was then sworn in on September 14th, 1901 at the Wilcox Mansion (currently a National Historic Site), becoming one of only a few presidents to be sworn in outside of Washington. With over half a million people, and many immigrants from Ireland, Italy, Germany and Poland, Buffalo was one of the major cities of the United States at the time.
Main Street and Lafayette Square, Buffalo, N.Y.
from a 1922 postcard
The opening of the Peace Bridge linking Buffalo with Fort Erie, Ontario on 7 August, 1927 was occasion for significant celebrations. Those in attendance included Edward, Prince of Wales (later to become King Edward VIII), his brother Prince Albert George (later King George VI), and Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin from the United Kingdom, Canada's Prime Minister W.L. Mackenzie King, US Vice President Charles G. Dawes, and New York governor Alfred E. Smith.
Buffalo's new City Hall was dedicated on 1 July, 1932.
Buffalo is located at 42°54'17" North, 78°50'58" West (42.904657, -78.849405)1.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 136.0 km² (52.5 mi²). 105.2 km² (40.6 mi²) of it is land and 30.8 km² (11.9 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 22.66% water.
As of the census2 of 2000, there are 292,648 people, 122,720 households, and 67,005 families residing in the city. The population density is 2,782.4/km² (7,205.8/mi²). There are 145,574 housing units at an average density of 1,384.1/km² (3,584.4/mi²). The racial makeup of the city is 54.43% White, 37.23% African American, 0.77% Native American, 1.40% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 3.68% from other races, and 2.45% from two or more races. 7.54% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There are 122,720 households out of which 28.6% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 27.6% are married couples living together, 22.3% have a female householder with no husband present, and 45.4% are non-families. 37.7% of all households are made up of individuals and 12.1% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.29 and the average family size is 3.07.
In the city the population is spread out with 26.3% under the age of 18, 11.3% from 18 to 24, 29.3% from 25 to 44, 19.6% from 45 to 64, and 13.4% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 34 years. For every 100 females there are 88.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 83.5 males.
The median income for a household in the city is $24,536, and the median income for a family is $30,614. Males have a median income of $30,938 versus $23,982 for females. The per capita income for the city is $14,991. 26.6% of the population and 23.0% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 38.4% are under the age of 18 and 14.0% are 65 or older.
The heavy snowfalls of the region are caused by below-freezing winds blowing over the warmer water of Lake Erie. Often the meandering "snow belts" are only ten or fifteen miles wide, with sun shining in one spot, and a raging lake effect blizzard occurring only a mile or two away.
Buffalo is the home of many professional and semi-pro sports teams. These include the Buffalo Bills (football), Buffalo Sabres (hockey), Buffalo Bisons (AAA baseball), and Buffalo Bandits ( indoor lacrosse).
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Glasgow’s waterfront: a patchwork of developments on an industrial scale
By Brian Doucet
In the 19th Century, Glasgow was one of the world’s biggest industrial cities. It produced everything from sewing machines to railway carriages, but was primarily known for making ships. Much of this industrial activity was situated on the banks of the River Clyde, which runs through the heart of the city. The long process of industrial decline during the 20th Century meant that this land became abandoned as the shipyards closed. The surrounding neighbourhoods went into severe decline when hundreds of thousands of manual jobs disappeared.
While this story of deindustrialisation may be common in many cities, it was the scale and severity of this decline that sets Glasgow apart from other cities. Glasgow reached its nadir in the 1970s when unemployment was high, there was little investment and the city became known as one of the unhealthiest in Europe. The 1980s saw the beginning of a renaissance of sorts, spurred by aggressive city marketing and investment in the city centre. The riverfront would see a transformation here too, including a number of large flagship developments such as the Scottish Exhibition and Convention Centre (SECC), the 1988 Garden Festival, and some new housing. In the first decade of the 21st Century, the waterfront would see new projects come to fruition, including Glasgow Harbour, two new museums and the International Financial Services District.
But while there have been some successful transformations from an industrial to a post-industrial landscape, there is still much work to be done. There are three main challenges which Glasgow’s waterfront faces. The biggest has to do with the scale of this transition; miles of waterfront still remain vacant because the housing, services and leisure activities have yet to be developed on a scale to replace the industrial activity which used to occupy the space. The result is that there are still many large brownfield sites waiting to be redeveloped; you can look across the river from the new Museum of Transport and stare at dilapidated piers and weeds growing along the quays. The result is a patchwork of developments that, at least on the surface, does not appear to follow a logical pattern; in some cases parts of the same project are separated by brownfields (see fig. 1).
This patchwork of development is related to the second major challenge: linking up the various developments to form a cohesive waterfront. Because there have been few concrete plans for the entire Clyde waterfront, each development serves as a standalone project. In many cases, they work rather well as individual places; the new Transport Museum has proven very popular and the various housing developments and entertainment facilities are holding their own. Each development tends to be single-use: housing, leisure and offices facilities are built in separate developments along different parts of the Clyde. On the south side in particular, there are very few physical links between each development, thereby necessitating detours which take you far away from the river. In a few cases, there are even housing developments which have been built right up to the water’s edge, thereby serving to ‘privatise’ sections of the quayside for the residents living there. Walking or cycling along the riverside is by no means a unified or simplistic affair.
This leads into the third challenge: the quality of the built environment and the public space. Part of the inaccessibility is exacerbated by railway lines and motorways which effectively serve as a barrier between the city and the river and also increase noise and pollution which decreases the quality of the built environment. Compared to other cities, there is actually very little public space. And much of what exists isn’t very inviting (compare this to my evaluation of Frankfurt’s waterfront). In Glasgow some public space appears to be an afterthought and there is very little provision for grass and places to relax. Even in the heart of the city centre, it still remains a challenge to draw shoppers down the few hundred metres from the stores to the water. Part of this is because if they were to venture there, they would find public space that is not very appealing and does not feel very safe (see fig. 2). The newly developed quaysides near the new ‘Squiggly Bridge’ (linking the offices at the Broomielaw to the yet-to-be-developed Tradeston area) represent a more open and welcoming design (see fig. 3). But getting here from the centre requires passing under a dark and low-hanging bridge, or crossing busy streets. This doesn’t mean there isn’t demand for good quality public space along the waterfront; on warm sunny days, people do seek out the few patches of grass which exist and take the time to enjoy being by the river.
All of these problems really boil down to two issues. The first is that each development is built by private enterprises, which are primarily concerned with creating profitable spaces, rather than city-building. Linking up the different parts of the waterfront together, or providing better links to the low-income neighbourhoods surrounding them are less of a priority and therefore receive little attention. The second is the scale of the transition from a working riverfront to a post-industrial one based on services, leisure, tourism and housing. Glasgow’s growth was based on industry; now that this industry has largely disappeared, the city is still trying to find ways of replacing the jobs and investment that disappeared with it. Finance, tourism, leisure and services have replaced some of this, but the city still feels too big for its present needs (a bit like someone who has lost a lot of weight but not yet bought new, smaller clothes). This is reflected in the waterfront: there simply aren’t enough luxury flats, museums, offices and restaurants to fill the entire length of the Clyde. Maybe this will happen over time. The riverfront has some attractive qualities, and Glasgow, like other cities, is slowly ‘rediscovering’ the pleasures, and benefits of having a good waterfront. But at present, the Clyde remains a patchwork of one off, mono-use developments with little connection between them. And in today’s economic climate, the idea of being able to stroll seamlessly along the entire length of the Clyde seems a long way away.
Figure 1. Glasgow Harbour and its neighbouring brownfield
Figure 2. Public space created in the 1970s in Glasgow City Centre. Not an appealing place to spend an afternoon
Figure 3. New waterfront spaces in Tradeston. It is more open an accessible, but there still isn’t much grass and space to relax.
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Constitution of Saint Lucia
CHAPTER IX
Parliamentary Commissioner
110. Appointment, etc., of Commissioner
111. Deputy Parliamentary Commissioner
112. Functions of Commissioner
113. Restrictions on matters for investigation
114. Discretion of Commissioner
115.Report on investigation
116. Power to obtain evidence
117. Prescribed matters concerning Commissioner
(1) There shall be a Parliamentary Commissioner for Saint Lucia who shall be an officer of Parliament and who shall not hold any other office of emolument whether in the public service or otherwise nor engage in any other occupation for reward.
(2) The Parliamentary Commissioner shall be appointed by the Governor General, acting after consultation with the Prime Minister and the Leader of the Opposition, for a term not exceeding 5 years.
(3) Before entering upon the duties of his or her office, the Parliamentary Commissioner shall take and subscribe the oath of office before the Speaker.
(4) Subject to the provisions of subsection (7) the Parliamentary Commissioner shall vacate his or her office at the expiration of the term for which he or she was appointed:
Provided that he or she shall vacate his or her office—
(a) if he or she is appointed as a Senator or with his or her consent he or she is nominated as a candidate for election to the House; or
(b) if he or she is appointed to any other office of emolument or engages in any other occupation for reward.
(5) If the office of Parliamentary Commissioner becomes vacant, an appointment to fill the office shall be made within 90 days of the occurrence of the vacancy:
Provided that the House may by resolution extend that period for further periods not exceeding in the aggregate 150 days.
(6) A person holding the office of Parliamentary Commissioner may be removed from office only for inability to exercise the functions of his or her office (whether arising from infirmity of body or mind or any other cause) or for misbehaviour and shall not be so removed except in accordance with the provisions of this section.
(7) The Parliamentary Commissioner shall be removed from office by the Governor General if the question of his or her removal from office has been referred to a tribunal appointed under subsection (8) and the tribunal has recommended to the Governor General that he or she ought to be removed for inability as aforesaid or for misbehaviour.
(8) If the Governor General, acting after consultation with the Prime Minister and the Leader of the Opposition, considers that the question of removing the Parliamentary Commissioner under this section ought to be investigated—
(a) the Governor General shall appoint a tribunal which shall consist of a chairperson and not less than 2 other members selected by the Chief Justice from among persons who hold or have held office as a judge of a court having unlimited jurisdiction in civil and criminal matters in some part of the Commonwealth or a court having jurisdiction in appeals from such a court; and
(b) the tribunal shall enquire into the matter and report on the facts thereof to the Governor General and recommend to him or her whether the Commissioner ought to be removed under this section.
(9) If the question of removing the Parliamentary Commissioner has been referred to a tribunal under this section, the Governor General, acting after consultation with the Prime Minister and the Leader of the Opposition, may suspend the Commissioner from the exercise of the functions of his or her office and any such suspension may at any time be revoked by the Governor General, acting as aforesaid, and shall in any case cease to have effect if the tribunal recommends to the Governor General that the Commissioner should not be removed.
(1) There shall be a Deputy Parliamentary Commissioner and the provisions of section 110 shall apply in relation to the Commissioner and his or her office as they apply in relation to the Parliamentary Commissioner and his or her office.
(2) The Deputy Parliamentary Commissioner shall assist the Parliamentary Commissioner in the performance of the functions of his or her office and whenever that office is vacant or the holder of the office is for any reason unable to perform those functions, the Deputy Parliamentary Commissioner shall perform those functions.
(1) Subject to the provisions of this section and sections 113 and 114, the principal function of the Parliamentary Commissioner shall be to investigate any decision or recommendation made, including any advice given or recommendation made to a Minister, or any act done or omitted by any department of government or any other authority to which this section applies, or by officers or members of such a department or authority, being action taken in exercise of the administrative functions of that department or authority.
(2) The Parliamentary Commissioner shall be provided with a staff adequate for the efficient discharge of his or her functions and the offices of the members of his or her staff shall be public offices.
(3) The Parliamentary Commissioner may investigate any such matter in any of the following circumstances—
(a) where a complaint is duly made to the Commissioner by any person alleging that the complainant has sustained an injustice as a result of a fault in administration;
(b) where a Senator or a member of the House requests the Commissioner to investigate the matter on the ground that a person or body of persons specified in the request has or may have sustained such injustice; and
(c) in any other circumstances in which the Commissioner considers that he or she ought to investigate the matter on the ground that some person or body of persons has or may have sustained such injustice.
(4) The authorities other than departments of government to which this section applies are—
(a) local authorities or other bodies established for purposes of the public service or of local government;
(b) authorities or bodies the majority of whose members are appointed by the Governor General or by a Minister or whose revenues consist wholly or mainly of moneys provided out of public funds;
(c) any authority empowered to determine the person with whom any contract shall be entered into by or on behalf of the Government; and
(d) such other authorities as may be prescribed by Parliament.
(1) In investigating any matter leading to, resulting from or connected with the decision of a Minister, the Parliamentary Commissioner shall not inquire into or question the policy of the Minister in accordance with which the decision was made.
(2) The Parliamentary Commissioner shall have power to investigate complaints of administrative injustice under section 112 notwithstanding that such complaints raise questions as to the integrity or corruption of the public service or any department or office of the public service, and may investigate any conditions resulting from, or calculated to facilitate or encourage, corruption in the public service, but he or she shall not undertake any investigation into specific charges of corruption against individuals.
(3) Where in the course of an investigation it appears to the Parliamentary Commissioner that there is evidence of any corrupt act by any public officer or by any person in connection with the public service, he or she shall report the matter to the appropriate authority with his or her recommendation as to any further investigation he or she may consider proper.
(4) The Parliamentary Commissioner shall not investigate—
(a) any action in respect of which the complainant has or had
(i) a remedy by way of proceedings in a court of law; or
(ii) a right of appeal, reference or review to or before an independent and impartial tribunal other than a court of law; or
(b) any such action, or action taken with respect to any matter, as is described in schedule 3 to this Constitution.
(5) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (4) the Parliamentary Commissioner—
(a) may investigate a matter notwithstanding that the complainant has or had a remedy by way of proceedings in a court of law if satisfied that in the particular circumstances it is not reasonable to expect him or her to take or to have taken such proceedings;
(b) is not in any case precluded from investigating any matter by reason only that it is open to the complainant to apply to the High Court for redress under section 16 (which relates to the enforcement of the fundamental rights and freedoms).
In determining whether to initiate, continue or discontinue an investigation, the Parliamentary Commissioner shall, subject to the provisions of sections 112 and 113, act in his or her discretion and, in particular and without prejudice to the generality of this discretion, the Commissioner may refuse to initiate or may discontinue an investigation where it appears to him or her that—
(a) a complaint relates to action of which the complainant has knowledge for more than 12 months before the complaint was received by the Commissioner;
(b) the subject matter of the complaint is trivial;
(c) the complaint is frivolous or vexatious or is not made in good faith; or
(d) the complainant has not a sufficient interest in the subject matter of the complaint.
115. Report on investigation
(1) Where a complaint or request for an investigation is duly made and the Parliamentary Commissioner decides not to investigate the matter or where he or she decides to discontinue an investigation of the matter, he or she shall inform the person who made the complaint or request of the reasons for his or her decision.
(2) Upon the completion of an investigation the Parliamentary Commission shall inform the department of government or the authority concerned of the results of the investigation and if he or she is of the opinion that any person has sustained an injustice in consequence of a fault in administration, he or she shall inform the department of government or the authority of the reasons for his or her opinion and make such recommendations as he or she thinks fit.
(3) The Parliamentary Commissioner may in his or her original recommendations, or at any later stage if he or she thinks fit, specify the time within which the injustice should be remedied.
(4) Where the investigation is undertaken as a result of a complaint or request, the Parliamentary Commissioner shall inform the person who made the complaint or request of his or her findings.
(5) Where the matter is in the opinion of the Parliamentary Commissioner of sufficient public importance or where the Commissioner has made a recommendation under subsection (2) and within the time specified by him or her no sufficient action has been taken to remedy the injustice, then the Commissioner shall make a special report to the Senate and the House on the case.
(6) The Parliamentary Commissioner shall make annual reports to the Senate and the House on the performance of his or her functions which shall include statistics in such form and in such detail as may be prescribed by law of the complaints received by him or her and the results of his or her investigations.
(1) The Parliamentary Commissioner shall have the powers of the High Court to summon witnesses to appear before him or her and to compel them to give evidence on oath and to produce documents relevant to the proceedings before him or her and all persons giving evidence at those proceedings shall have the same duties and liabilities and enjoy the same privileges as in the High Court.
(2) The Parliamentary Commissioner shall have power to enter and inspect the premises of any department of government or any authority to which section 112 applies, to call for, examine and where necessary retain any document kept on such premises and there to carry out any investigation in pursuance of his or her functions.
(1) There shall be such provision as may be made by Parliament—
(a) for regulating the procedure for the making of complaints and requests to the Parliamentary Commissioner and for the exercise of his or her functions;
(b) for conferring such powers on the Commissioner and imposing duties on persons in connection with the due performance of his or her functions; and
(c) generally for facilitating the performance by the Commissioner of his or her functions.
(2) The Parliamentary Commissioner may not be empowered to summon a Minister or a Parliamentary Secretary to appear before him or her or to compel a Minister or a Parliamentary Secretary to answer any questions relating to any matter under investigation by the Commissioner.
(3) The Parliamentary Commissioner may not be empowered to summon any witness to produce any Cabinet papers or to give any confidential income tax information.
(4) No complainant may be required to pay any fee in respect of his or her complaint or request or for any investigation to be made by the Parliamentary Commissioner.
(5) No proceedings, civil or criminal, may lie against the Parliamentary Commissioner, or against any person holding an office or appointment under him or her, for anything he or she may do or report or say in the course of the exercise or intended exercise of the functions of the Commissioner under this Constitution, unless it is shown that he or she acted in bad faith.
(6) The Parliamentary Commissioner, and any person holding office or appointment under him or her, may not be called to give evidence in any court of law, or in any proceedings of a judicial nature, in respect of anything coming to his or her knowledge in the exercise of his or her functions.
(7) Anything said or any information supplied or any document, paper, or thing produced by any person in the course of any enquiry by or proceedings before the Parliamentary Commissioner under this Constitution shall be privileged in the same manner as if the enquiry or proceedings were proceedings in a court of law.
(8) No proceedings of the Parliamentary Commissioner may be held bad for want of form, and, except on the ground of lack of jurisdiction, no proceeding or decision of the Commissioner shall be liable to be challenged, reviewed, quashed or called in question in any court of law.
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The Peck Family
Click on a Peck Family member below to learn more.
BERNICE “BUNNY” AYRES
Bernice was born in 1894 in St. Louis, Missouri, where she worked as a telephone operator before moving to La Jolla, CA. She married Gregory Pearl Peck in 1915, and later resided in San Francisco until her passing in 1992 at the age of 98.nn
GREGORY PEARL PECK
Gregory Peck was born in Rochester, NY, and returned to Dingle, Ireland with his mother Catherine Ashe as a young boy. He moved back to the States, graduated from Michigan U., and made his home in La Jolla, California where he owned an all night pharmacy. He was proud of serving the many Navy sailors and Marines who lived in and around San Diego.n
GRETA KUKKONEN
Greta was born in Helsinki, Finland in 1911. She met Greg while working as makeup artist to Katharine Cornell. She and Greg were married for 12 years. She lived in Los Angeles and was devoted to charitable work. She passed in 2008.
VERONIQUE PECK
Veronique, born in Paris in 1932, was a journalist for France Soir when she met Gregory. They married in 1955 and were together for 48 years until his passing. Veronique passed in 2012.
Jonathan Peck, born 1944, was a high school champion runner, a volunteer for the Peace Corps and a graduate of Occidental College. His career as a journalist was cut short when he died in 1975, while working as an on-camera reporter for UPI.
STEPHEN PECK
A former Marine Lieutenant who served in Vietnam, Steve is CEO and President of U.S. Vets, the largest organization in the US serving homeless veterans. He is married to food editor and blogger Kristine Kidd.
CAREY PECK
A former candidate for US Congress, Carey is a Principal Analyst and Grant Administrator for the LAUSD, and pioneer of empowering after-school programs such as the Take Action Student leadership campaign, and CyberPatriots, which draws girls and disadvantaged students to the STEM education pathways. He is married to environmental and installation artist Lita Albuquerque.n
ANTHONY PECK
A graduate of Amherst College and The Juilliard School, Anthony is an actor, singer, screenwriter, film producer, and father to Zack, 24. He lives in Los Angeles with his wife Paula and her daughter Gaia.
CECILIA PECK
An actress, documentary film director and producer of "Brave Miss World", "Shut Up & Sing", and "A Conversation With Gregory Peck", she lives in Los Angeles with her writer husband Daniel Voll and their children Harper and Ondine.
ETHAN PECK
Ethan Peck is an accomplished actor currently playing the iconic role of Mr. Spock on Star Trek: Discovery, CBS All Access.
MARISA PECK
Marisa Peck, a graduate of Brown University, is a Council Facilitator on the Inclusion Team at Snap, Inc. She and her husband Tyler Johnson are the parents of Pearl and Rex.
CHRIS PECK
Chris Peck, a graduate of Pitzer College, with a masters degree from Johns Hopkins, teaches high school and his podcast, The Traveling Teacher, is available through iTunes.
ZACK PECK
Zack Peck, born in 1991, is currently living in the UK and is the father of a three year old son, Atticus, and a baby daughter, Elektra.
HARPER PECK-VOLL
Harper Peck, born in 1999, is currently studying at NYU.
ONDINE PECK-VOLL
Ondine Peck-Voll, born in 2002, is Duke University class of 2024.
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Looking back at Jeff Gordon's 2001 Brickyard 400 win
Larson, Elliott, Bowman competing in Chili Bowl Nationals this week
24 July 23, 2013
By HendrickMotorsports.com
Join HendrickMotorsports.com this week for a look back on Hendrick Motorsports' eight Brickyard 400 victories. This third installment shares highlights from the 2001 event at Indianapolis Motor Speedway.
2001 Recap: Jeff Gordon lined up 27th for the Aug. 5, 2001, Brickyard 400 and took the lead for the first time during a round of green-flag pit stops on Lap 109. Following the stop, Gordon was shuffled back into the fifth position. His No. 24 team, led by crew chief Robbie Loomis, utilized a two-tire change during the sixth caution period of the afternoon to pick up another three spots. Gordon lined up second for the ensuing restart and dove to the inside of race leader Sterling Marlin in Turn 1 to reclaim the lead and drive away from the field. Gordon led the final 25 laps en route to his third career victory at the famed 2.5-mile rectangular oval. With the win, Gordon became the first driver to win three NASCAR races at Indianapolis. Entering the 2013 Brickyard 400, Gordon’s 27th starting spot is still the deepest an eventual winner of the 400-mile event has started.
“It feels unbelievable,” Gordon told NBC Sports’ Bill Weber in Victory Lane. “I mean…to have all of these people still here cheering us on I got choked up in the car. It feels amazing. I love Indianapolis. I love the state of Indiana. It’s been so good to me. Want to say to all the folks out in Pittsboro, I know they’re excited and gonna be celebrating tonight. You know, I don’t know. Sometimes things just work in your favor and certainly today all the right things did. I didn’t think we had the car to do it but (crew chief) Robbie Loomis, (engineer) Brian Whitesell, all the guys on this DuPont Chevrolet team did a phenomenal job today.”
Gordon closed the 2001 season with his fourth Cup championship on the strength of six wins, 18 top-five finishes and 24 top-10s.
Visit Heritage.HendrickMotorsports.com for photos of this event and a complete look at the history of Hendrick Motorsports.
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Vancouver Travel Guide
Studying in Vancouver
Facts for visitors
Home » How to get to Vancouver » How to get to Vancouver by ferry
How to get to Vancouver by ferry
Getting to Vancouver by ferry.
A fun way to reach Vancouver is by water and this also gives you the opportunity to see some great scenery along the way! There are several options for getting to Vancouver by ferry…
From Seattle
Many people are aware of the super fast service from Seattle on the Clipper, though unfortunately this service only travels to Victoria and the San Juan Islands, not Vancouver!
However, if you’re still keen to get to Vancouver from Seattle by water, ride the Clipper to Victoria – which takes about 3 hours – then get on a BCFerries ferry to Vancouver. Please note, that the Clipper is a passenger ferry only and hence you cannot take vehicles on to it.
For more information on the Seattle to Victoria Clipper, visit www.clippervacations.com
From Victoria
Probably the most common sea route is from Victoria (on Vancouver Island) to Vancouver, but you should be aware that both ports are not within walking distance of the city centers.
In Victoria, the port is at Swartz Bay, which is 20 miles (32km) north of the city, whilst in Vancouver the port is at Tsawwassen which is 24 miles (38km) south of the city. There are however bus and coach services for passengers. Pacific Coach Lines, for example, will take you all the way from Victoria to Vancouver via the ferry crossing. The ferry crossing takes about 1.5 hours and frequency of crossings varies with the time of year.
These ferries are suitable for cars and other vehicles, so if you have your own transport you might find that this is the easiest option for you as you can then drive yourself in to Vancouver. See the Getting to Vancouver by Car and Motorbike page for more information on this.
From Nanaimo
Naniamo, on Vancouver Island, is also a popular route between the Island and Vancouver and you have two choices for routes, either sailing to Tsawwassen or to Horseshoe Bay.
The port at Nanaimo is called Departure Bay and is just 2 miles (3.2km) north of the city center. Make sure you don’t go to Nanaimo Harbour by mistake as this serves a different route!
Horseshoe Bay is about a 25 minute drive from downtown Vancouver, depending on traffic conditions, whilst Tsawwassen is about 24 miles (38km). Which one you choose to sail to will probably depend on where you’re heading afterwards. If you’re heading into downtown Vancouver then Horseshoe Bay is your best bet, but if you need to go somewhere in the suburbs, or travel east of Vancouver, Tsawwassen might be better.
Visit the BC Ferries website for all the information you’ll need on schedules (for both Victoria to Vancouver and Nanaimo to Vancouver), fares and FAQ’s.
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Whichever direction you’re coming from, arriving in Vancouver by train probably gives you the best opportunity… Read more »
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Home » Presentation
It's ISA's mission as an institution of higher education and scientific research in the field of Science and Agricultural Engineering, Animal Science, Forestry, Food and the Environment and also of Landscape Architecture and Biology, to ensure high standards for constant updating and integrating innovative means to accomplish technology transfer processes and contribute to the sustainable development and competitiveness of the country.
ISA's vision is to consolidate its status as a reference school of Higher Education in Agriculture, nationally and internationally, particularly in Portuguese-Speaking Countries, asserting itself as a Research University, based on the excellence of its research and development based on innovation.
ISA continues its mission and pursue its vision sustained in the following institutional values:
Knowledge – the production of knowledge is the essence of the University that ISA integrates across its business, considering it as the mainstay of development;
Innovation – the competitiveness of university organizations depends on innovation, whether in science or in teaching;
Cooperation – ISA continues to favor the Portuguese Speaking Countries (PLOP) along with the development of cooperative ties with the continents of Africa, Asia and America, especially through research networks and other community programs;
Quality – ISA's excellence, recognized nationally and internationally throughout its more than 100 year of history, is sustained in its quality that we intend to continuously improve through the Internal System of Quality Assurance;
Ethics and Good Practice – the actions of its Professors, Researchers, Employees and Students is guided by high ethical standards, at the level of education, research and support services and connection to the society.
The School of Agriculture
ISA in Pictures
URL for this page
FenixEdu Portal [new]
Fénix Portal [old]
SAP Portal
ISA/Santander ID Card
Internal Phone Book
ISA Library
Informatics Division
Ajuda Botanical Garden
Tapada da Ajuda Spaces
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Director and Producer Carly Nelson, founded Lagniappe Productions to highlight untold stories, provide a platform for discussion and expose issues to promote change. Growing up in the film centric cities of Los Angeles and Park City, Carly's passions have long been rooted in film and story telling. After graduating from Loyola University New Orleans, studying business administration, finance and film, she transitioned back to the west coast to begin a career in documentary film. Working with Academy Award winning Executive Producer, Geralyn Dreyfous and award winning Director/Producer Erika Cohn, Carly gained invaluable experience and mentorship working on several films. Through the Utah Film Center, Carly also worked with the Sundance Institute to support two award winning films premiering at the festival in 2013 and had the opportunity to line produce the short Wilderness- for PBS/CPB's "American Graduate." She works currently on several films with Geralyn and Erika, including her role as an Associate Producer on the documentary film In Football We Trust, which will have it's festival premiere in at the Sundance Film Festival 2015.
Shooting format/Editing experience & access: Canon 5D Mark III, Canon C100 (3 Cinematic lens kit 85mm, 50mm, 24mm) Final Cut 7 & 10.
Copyright 2015 Lagniappe Productions
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One bad day is all it takes. Or so the Joker said via Alan Moore.
I don't think the same way a lot of people do. My pattern of thought takes me to conclusions that seem rather obvious to me but are often not the same as others. For instance I believe laws exist for a reason and if more people followed these rules the world would operate much more smoothly. (Like, say, people actually slowing down when the traffic signal goes yellow instead of gunning it half a block from the intersections and crossing in front of me when I have the green light. Just sayin'.) Of course the reality of that kind of idealism is rarely rewarded.
So yeah, I'm an idealist. Too bad for me. I tend to be disappointed. Quite a bit.
But I'm okay with that. This idealism translates pretty well into writing. I can set up a utopian world according to the rules I want, then break them as often as necessary and put my characters (and even the settings) through the grinder.
I can disillusion them in ways that the world tries to disillusion me, too. I can make them feel the things that the world would like me to feel because society thinks it works better when everyone is miserable. Being a writer means having godlike powers in this regard.
But that's boring.
If I really wanted to read about people being downtrodden and not overcoming the trials and tribulations of real life, I'd pick up Dr. Zhivago. No. I like optimism. Not a happy ending (well...) so much as the chance for a happy ending. Where the characters have been significantly changed from the beginning of the book and are maybe thinking differently than they were before. Not everything is happy, in the end, but there's likely a ray of sunshine somewhere if one only takes the trouble to look for it.
The obvious ending is boring, too. Boy meets girl, they fall in love, they're broken apart, then reunited, finally living happily ever after. Ugh. The thing is - and this is important - that's a fantasy. The ideal is that they may live ever after, but there are ups and downs. Yes, I understand that that's implied, but it's almost never explored. Too dull, too lifelike, too boring.
Nah, let's put 'em through some paces. I'd rather start my story after the happy ending. What happens next? Is there another down period? Do they separate because he sees ghosts and she thinks he's just making it up to spend time with someone else? Will she let him forget that he was an idiot when they were kept apart in the first place for believing someone else's lies? What are the chances of a plane crashing into the house they're getting ready to buy?
As long as the status quo is changed at the end of the story, I'll probably like it. However I think that the vast majority of readers don't like that. They want their characters to be the same in the second book as they were in the first. Think about this, did Harry Potter really change all that much? He grew up (as did all the other children) but did that really change him? You'd think after battling that evil SOB for seven years - seven years! - that he'd be a little more tentative, a little more mistrustful of the world.
But he didn't appear to be, did he? Nope. Married with children and living happily ever after.
I'm an idealist. So was he, apparently. I wonder, though, what came next? What could shake him from his normal life? What would it take to change him, I mean fundamentally down to the core of his being?
Ahhhhh....
I've got my own stories to write.
Labels: Ending, status quo, thinking, writing
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Tag: fall 2009 tv
Fall TV is Starting
by Jitesh Gandhi on Sep.29, 2009, under Entertainment, TV
New and continuing shows are premiering on network TV now. There isn’t really much that is coming out that I feel like are worth watching. I gave some shows that seemed interesting a chance. I’ll include some of my thoughts. Before I do a couple general things I observed so far. ABC Studios (formerly Touchstone) has decided they want to promote more and it seems every show the produce (on ABC at least) start with “an ABC Studios production” to kick off the credits. My worst time slot is Thursday’s at 9 PM ET. FOX made it even worse by moving Fringe there.
Melrose Place (CW, Tuesdays at 9): I watched one episode. I never watched the original so I think that one aspect probably hurt. The show just didn’t seem all that interesting to me. Wow, someone was murdered. The characters weren’t interesting to me. On a slight aside, Jessica Lucas is beautiful. She looked familiar, so I checked her filmography on IMDb and she was on CSI. She was the new CSI who just vanished. I thought she was better than the other girl they brought in last season (who they also wrote out).
Jessica Lucas, Melrose Place
The Beautiful Life (CW, Canceled): This was marginally better than Melrose Place. Although that doesn’t mean much since they canceled the show after the second episode. For anyone who was a fan, it’s really dead. They shut down the show during production. The CW will not be bringing it back later and if they do show the few episodes that were shot, there was no heads up so there won’t be any type of ending.
Community (NBC, Thursdays at 9:30): I’m giving this show a little bit more of a chance than I normally would. I bailed on The Office way too early and was horribly wrong on that show. So far, I’m not impressed. Ken Jeong (the Spanish Teacher) is a MD in real life. He was practicing at Kaiser before getting into comedy/acting full time.
Bored to Death (HBO, Sundays at 9:30): This joke probably has been beaten to death, but the title is perfect: viewers are bored to death watching this show. There’s “smart comedy” and then there is this. It reminds me of movies by Wes Anderson. His stuff is very (Rushmore, The Royal Tenenbaums, The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou, The Darjeeling Limited) hit or miss with people. So I’m not shocked that Jason Schawartzman is in this show. I thought Lucky Louie was way better than this and HBO killed it. Since all they care about are critics, this show will probably be back.
Accidentally On Purpose (CBS, Mondays at 8:30): I gave this show two episodes. It’s just not that funny. CBS made a mistake canceling The Class two years ago and Worst Week last year. Each was at least funny. The Class had superior characters as well.
the forgotten (ABC, Tuesdays at 10): The premise (solving unsolved murders of nameless victims) and characters weren’t interesting to me. The show just seemed to drag on. There wasn’t anything compelling about the “mystery”.
The Good Wife (CBS, Tuesdays at 10): The premise seems a bit lame (the wife of a cheating politician goes back to work), but I like legal dramas. The case was interesting. I’ll see if they continue to be. There’s some promise here if it doesn’t start to really lean on her back story and the cases all go back to her difficulties in having a crappy husband.
Mercy (NBC, Wednesdays at 8): I’m not watching this anymore. The characters stunk. It will likely draw comparisons to Hawthorne (on TNT). Hawthorne is a lot better.
Modern Family (ABC, Wednesdays at 9): This show is clever. It’s well done and uses the mockumentary style (The Office, Parks and Recreation) well. I think it will do well.
Cougar Town (ABC, Wednesdays at 9:30): I laughed. Nothing real special here besides that though. I found Modern Family to be superior.
Eastwick (ABC, Wednesdays at 10): This show will probably do pretty good for ABC, but it’s not all that appealing to me. I’ve never watched Charmed, but I imagine these shows would have similar audiences.
FlashForward (ABC, Thursdays at 9): I think this is my favorite new show so far. I enjoy these shows that have a more in depth story and a mystery (Lost, Fringe). Did anyone notice the Oceanic Air billboard? It said “Perfect Safety Record”.
Brothers (FOX, Fridays at 8): I think this show is a little better than Accidentally On Purpose. Unlike Friday Night Lights, the Actor in the wheelchair (Daryl Mitchell) is really paralyzed. (The actors on FNL, Scott Porter and Kevin Rankin do a good job, especially Kevin Rankin.) There are funny moments. I usually get bored with FOX sitcoms (except Arrested Development), so I’ll see how this one goes.
Trauma (NBC, Mondays at 9): Similar feelings as Mercy. The characters aren’t that good except maybe the helicopter paramedic. Again, a paramedic show on TNT (Saved) was done much better.
I think there are a few more new shows coming. I’ll recap them in a final grouping next month.
Leave a Comment :accidentally on purpose, bored to death, brothers, community, cougar town, eastwick, fall 2009 tv, flashforward, jessica lucas, melrose place, mercy, modern family, the beautiful life, the forgotten, the good wife, trauma more...
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GPS Celebrates 25th Year of Operation
APRIL 28, 2020 – The Global Positioning System, better known as GPS, marks its 25th year of operation Apr. 27, 2020.
On this date in 1995, the system reached full operational capability, meaning the system met all performance requirements. U.S. Air Force Space Command formally announced the milestone three months later.
“This is a major milestone,” Gen. Thomas S. Moorman Jr., former Air Force Vice Chief of Staff, said in 1995. “GPS has become integral to our warfighters and is rapidly becoming a true utility in the civilian community.”
Initially developed for the military to meet a critical need for determining precise location on the battlefield, GPS has also become an integral part of technology affecting the lives of billions of people worldwide.
“The United States Space Force’s continuing objective for the constellation is to ensure GPS remains the Gold Standard for global space-based positioning, navigation and timing,” said Gen. Jay Raymond, USSF Chief of Space Operations, and U.S. Space Command Commander.
Today, the U.S. Space Force operates the GPS satellite constellation as a global utility – always available to everyone, everywhere on Earth.
“GPS is a free for use service provided by the Space Force that enhances everyday lives around the world,” said Brig. Gen. DeAnna Burt, USSF Director of Operations and Communications. “GPS provides the highest accuracy positioning and timing data. In addition to the essential capabilities it provides for the military, GPS underpins critical financial, transportation and agricultural infrastructure. It’s always available, whether for an ATM transaction or securing a rideshare.”
Its military capabilities first enhanced combat operations in 1990 and 1991 during Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm. Allied troops relied heavily on the new GPS signal to navigate the featureless deserts in Kuwait and Iraq.
In the early 2000’s, during Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom, GPS contribution to warfighting increased significantly. For example, the GPS constellation enabled accurate munitions, allowing the delivery of GPS-aided Joint Direct Attack Munitions with pinpoint precision and minimal collateral damage.
Today, in addition to these and other GPS-enabled warfighting capabilities, Airmen conduct resupply missions with battlefield precision airdrops to combat forces with GPS-guided, parachute-delivered equipment pallets known as “Smart Pallets.”
The GPS operational constellation currently has 31 satellites, and the system is continually updated and modernized, making it a resilient system to maintain the signals required for accurate positioning, navigation and timing around the world.
The first satellite of the new GPS III version, called Vespucci, was launched into space Dec. 23, 2018.
The 2nd Space Operations Squadron at Schriever Air Force Base, Colo., operates GPS. The squadron recently accepted control of the second GPS III satellite, called Magellan, on March 27.
GPS III is meeting users’ emerging needs and responding to tomorrow’s threats with improved safety, signal integrity and accuracy. GPS III satellites are more accurate, have improved anti-jamming capabilities, and have doubled the design life; when compared to previous iterations of GPS. They are also designed to incorporate new technology and changing mission needs,
“The 25th Anniversary is a huge, momentous occasion for us. We take great pride in providing this global utility to the approximately six billion users worldwide,” said Lt. Col. Stephen Toth, 2nd SOPS commander. “Celebrating this anniversary gives us a moment to recognize how far we’ve come, but also to get pumped about what lies ahead for our program and our role in executing that.”
By 1st Lt Tyler Whiting
GPS IIF-4 Successfully Launched from Cape Canaveral
Space Domain Critical to Combat Operations Since…
Academy Grad Preps for Second Spacewalk
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Israel attacks Gaza Strip
Posted on January 9, 2009 by Our Little Earth
On Dec 27, Israel launched a massive attack against a group called Hamas in Gaza Strip because Hamas was firing rockets at Israel. The attacks have now been going on for almost two weeks, and many people have been killed and wounded.
For centuries, Jews and Palestinians have both lived in the same geographical region (today the country is called Israel and used to be called Palestine). Since that region is “home” for both sets of people, they have strong disagreements about who should get to live where. In 1947, the United Nations, an international peace organization, proposed splitting the country into two regions – one for the Jews and one for the Palestinians. Unfortunately, they didn’t agree, and fighting broke out. By the time the initial fighting was over, the Jewish people had created a country called Israel (in 1948). A large percentage of the Palestinian people fled to neighboring countries (Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, and Egypt). Today, most of the Palestinians live in two separate regions – the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, both of which are next to Israel. But the fighting and disagreements between the two haven’t really stopped, and various attempts at peace have failed in the past.
To make things even more complicated, the Gaza Strip and the West Bank are currently controlled by different groups of Palestinians. A group called Hamas controls Gaza Strip, and a group called Fatah controls the West Bank. The Gaza Strip is a small piece of land (400 square km – a quarter the size of London, UK) along the Mediterranean Sea between Israel and Egypt. One of the main problems of the people living in Gaza Strip is that Israel controls most of Gaza Strip’s borders, and Israel has put a blockade on what and who can go into the area or come out. One of Israel’s main problems is that Hamas, the group that controls Gaza Strip, keeps firing rockets into Israel which hurt its citizens and towns. In June of last year, Hamas and Israel agreed on a truce – Hamas won’t launch rocket attacks on Israel, and Israel will remove some of the blockades it has put on Gaza Strip. Neither side completely stuck to their end of the deal, and the truce ended in December.
Some of the world’s oldest cities that have continuously been inhabited for thousands of years are in this region – Hebron and Jericho in the West Bank and Jerusalem in Israel.
Image Credit: Globalsecurity.org for Israel region map
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Le Manoir du Parc d'Ourville. Historic monument in Nomandy.
Welcome to Cotentin in Normandy, close to earth, sea, and stone
Cottage at the Manor
visits of the Manor
Visits of the farm
Les Amis du Manoir du Parc
History of the Manoir du Parc
In the total absence of archives, we don’t know anything about the Park before the annexation of Normandy by the king of France, Philippe Augustus (1204). On the other hand, it is remarkable that we know, without interruption, the succession of the owners of the Park from the beginning of the 13th century until the present day.
Due to lack of evidence we do not credit the assertions of Robert Asserlin, the learned historian of Port Bail, who, in the Port Bail parish bulletin, attributes the possession of the park before 1204 to the d’Aubigny family. This author does not cite his sources and we have not found anything permitting us to confirm his claim.
The toponym “The Park” suggests the existence of a feudal park in the medieval era.
The parks were vast expanses enclosed by thick hedges and moats or wooden stake fences. These enclosed spaces, ranging in area from 50 to 250 hectares, held by great feudal laity or ecclesiastics, with close to royal or ducal power, were dedicated to raising domestic livestock (horses, bovines, sheep, goats…) or game (stags, does, fallow deer, wild boar). This diversity in the animal population indicates the existence of wooded areas, prairies and floodplains.
Aside from the toponymy, the position of the actual domain of the park in relation to that of Olonde suggests the following hypothesis: Originally, the actual domain of Ourville Park, for the most part, was the feudal park of Olonde castle. It would have then been detached in order to constitute the reserved domain of a new noble fiefdom created for a youngest child of the family.
The date of this dismemberment is unknown but could have taken place between 1205, the year in which Philippe Augustus, the new master of Normandy, gave Olonde to his faithful servant Richard d’Argences (1) and 1220, the year in which the register of Philip Augustus’ fiefs tells us that Guillaume d’Argences held the fourth part of a knight’s fief close to Olonde:
“Guillemus ex Argentis tenet quartam partem unius feodi militis apud Orlandam.” This quarter of the knight’s fief was the Park, even though it is not nominally designated as such. This same Guillaume d’Argences owned then, Olonde: “Guillemus de Argentis tenet inde de donor egis orlandam que excidit domino Regi que debet servicium dimidi feodi”
You will notice that Olonde was raised up in the 11th and 12th centuries to the Honneur du Plessis (3) and that the most ancient oath of loyalty to the king for the fief of the Park (1403) mentions that its owner owes the king the service, at Plessis castle, of one armed man for ten days (4). This may not be just a lucky coincidence.
The conjectured limits of Olonde Park, of which the area could have covered roughly 63 hectares, are indicated in the drawing below, figure 3 (5).
The fences are still easily distinguishably on the property. In particular:
The Hazel Grove is in fact a double embankment with deep ditches. It acts as a “double barrier” made up of two raised or banks of parallel earth each one with a row of trees between which a passage is formed. La Crôute (now called the hunting ground) and the Plant are bordered, within the limits of the ancient park, by an embankment the dimensions of which (height 2.4 meters, thickness at the base of 5 meters, and thickness at the top of 4 meters) are much more significant than those encountered traditionally in the area (see drawing 4 and 5). One finds oneself in the presence of a « double barrier » on a single bank of earth on which the thickness of the top assured a narrow passage between two rows of trees able to be used by pedestrians and, more exceptionally, by men on horseback. The tall trees have fallen and the groves have disappeared and now nothing remains but a meager thicket.
The toponym “The High Door” identifies the entryway of the seigniorial Park. Another entry most probably existed close to Olonde castle.
The toponyms: The Wood Grove, the Wood, the Field of the Woods, and the Little Woods found today in the domain of Olonde for an area of roughly 14 hectares are a “relic” of the wooded areas of the ancient seigniorial Park.
The seigniorial Park of Olonde thus did not survive, as such, beyond the beginning of the 13th century.
Léopold Delisle, Normand cartulary of Philippe-Augustus, n. 121.
Mémoires de la société des Antiquaires de Normandie, volume XV, 1846, P.168.
Thomas Stapleton, Magni rotuli Scaccarrii Normanniae sub regibus angliae, Londres, 1840, p. clxxvii et sq.
Oath of loyalty of Collibeaux de Criquebeuf (November 23, 1403), National Archives, Paris, cote P/289/4.
According to Marie Casset, the Parks are in elliptical form in order to enclose a large area of land with a minimum amount of fencing (M. Casset, un mode de gestion de l’espace rural : les parcs à gibier en Normandie au moyen-âge).
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River Views - - Published in the Anderson Valley Advertiser September 21, 2016
Though there are far fewer examples of apples today than when I was a boy it is good to know that last weekend's gathering in Boonville was still called the Mendocino County Fair and Apple Show. Of course, that appellation is a smidgen off the mark from the original title, “Apple Annual.” The earliest events were sponsored by the Mendocino County Farmers and Apple Growers Association. The first Apple Annuals were put on in the city of Mendocino (anyone looking at vintage coastal newspapers will notice that Mendocino was referred to as a town or city and not as a village and next to never as “the village” – a pretentious affectation of the lowest order).
The original Apple Annual was held in Mendocino at the Odd Fellows Hall, but much later in autumn than the September Boonville fairs most of us have grown accustomed to. That first gathering of the Mendocino Apple Growers took place from Thursday, November 23rd through Saturday, November 25, 1911. Admission for opening day was fifteen cents. The cost skyrocketed to a quarter for the weekend. Frank Bean, nurseryman of East Mendocino, had a display at the first apple show. If one looks carefully and closely the remains of his orchard can still be seen on the south side of Little Lake Road a little more than two miles east of Highway One.
Somewhat ironically the first organized apple show in Mendocino County came seven years after a 1904 federal government study calculated that the United States was once home to about 16,000 varieties of apples. By the time of the 1904 survey the number had dropped to less than half that (approximately 7,000). In the century and a decade that has passed since more than 85% have disappeared. In contemporary times a mere fifteen varieties of apples account for 90% of those sold in grocery stores.
That first “Apple Annual” of 1911 was a humble affair compared to those that followed. By the following summer a more permanent Apple Hall was constructed at the corner of Little Lake and Kasten Streets. The Baptist Church that sits at that intersection today is a much smaller building than the grand Apple Hall of a century ago.
My family’s interest in the early apple shows stems from a basket full of ribbons won by my paternal grandmother, Lillian Robertson Macdonald, dating from the Second Apple Annual. Though humble compared to vast orchards like those still nurtured by the Gowans of Anderson Valley, our ranch does contain many flourishing apple trees planted in the 1800s by Lillian and John Macdonald.
Among the varieties of apples earning prize ribbons for my Macdonald grandparents at the earliest of Mendocino “Apple Annuals” were Maiden’s Blush, Black Ben Davis, Northern Spy, Missouri Pippin, Rome Beauty, Spitzenburgs and what was spelled Halliday’s Bouquet, but I believe to be a form of Holiday apples. A variety noted on one of the prize ribbons that remains a mystery was labeled “Early Maine.”
One notch higher on the hill than the trees planted by John and Lillian Macdonald are those planted by my parents, Margaret and Lorne Macdonald in the 1940s. These include Gravenstein and Baldwin trees that are trying their best to withstand repeated attacks by bears in the last half decade. Where I live, another half mile up the hill from the Albion River, bears have not yet gathered the courage to come over the fence and into the yard to get at Red and Golden delicious apples as well as several other varieties and a hybrid or two.
What is taken for granted in this century proved a novelty ninety-seven years gone by. The 1919 Apple Annual in Mendocino included “exhibitions of flight” by Lt. Dayton Murray who flew his aeroplane from Eureka to Mendocino for the event. Four years later, in 1923, the Mendocino Apple Annual hosted automobile races on a track on the headlands. Gus Mendosa and Herman Fayal were among the early drivers. By 1926 the apple show and fair had moved to Boonville where it remains to this day.
From the time my ancestors first planted apples here in the 1800s automobiles and airliners have supplanted horses and wagons, but perhaps just as significantly agricultural change has struck this area with a wallop in my lifetime. No, I'm not talking about marijuana. Take Anderson Valley for example; a land not so long ago abundant in apple orchards. Now it’s mostly vineyards. In a county that appears to pride itself on “going green” and being ecologically savvy, the destruction of apple and pear orchards in favor of vineyards seems to fall somewhere between sadly ironic, counterproductive, or perhaps just drunkenly stupid.
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Afghanistan • Imperialism • United States
The Fall of Kabul: Which Way Forward for Afghanistan?
By Sheraz Mel
The fleeing of Afghan President Ashraf Ghani, without offering resistance, and the capture of Kabul by the Taliban without firing a shot have closed the twenty years of a cruel chapter of Afghanistan’s history and ushered in a new chapter full of uncertainty, turmoil and possibilities. This new chapter starts with the withdrawal of American imperialist forces and the Taliban’s entry into Kabul. This withdrawal is a clear demonstration of the failure of global capitalist politico-economic order and its neo-liberal policies. While invading Afghanistan in 2001, American imperialist had set itself some explicit and implicit strategic imperialist goals. Apparently, they had planned to disperse Al-Qaeda and bring Bin Laden to justice (Ironically the Americans shot and killed the unarmed and ill Bin Laden, later in 2011, to prevent him from disclosing his close connections with the imperialists. They armed and organized his Al-Qaeda against Syria’s Assad regime and provided it with aerial support thus transforming it into a formidable organization). Other goals included the emancipation of Afghanistan and the establishment of democracy, gender equality and equal rights for women, crushing the Taliban and prevent it from coming to power again. Today, however, when the Americans are leaving, the Taliban are stronger than ever. Only a small fraction of women living in urban centres enjoy some liberties. Now they have also been relegated to ordinary oppressed Afghan women. While fleeing, the Americans have broken dreams in their minds of containing Russia and Iran, and besieging China. At the same time, the Taliban’s violent reaction and fundamentalism have taken over the state. Religious fundamentalism and extremism are actually a political and social phenomenon borne out of reactionary political response to the current system by those backward social layers who are left deprived, robbed of a bright future and isolated by the uneven development of society by capitalism. It was the imperialists who organized and armed these groups to crush the mass movements, progressive parties and organizations in the Muslim countries. In modern history, there is not a single fundamentalist organization that was not nourished and utilized by imperialists for their dirty purposes. From promoting Wahabism in connivance with the Saud family to nurturing Muslim Brotherhood against Nasser in Egypt to supporting General Suharto against Sukarno in Indonesia or erecting Hamas against Palestinian liberation movement or funding the reactionary Mujahideens against the revolutionary government of Afghanistan. From Al-Qaeda to Boko Haram and from ISIS to Al-Nusra Front, there are dozens of such reactionary organizations which were created by imperialists to safeguard their interests around the world. Recent history has sufficiently proved that imperialism and fundamentalism are two sides of the same coin. Many liberals, blinded by the false US claims at the time, supported them to crush fundamentalism and restore human rights in the region. Now they are grumbling.
The Fall of Kabul
The last 40 years of imperialist war in Afghanistan has dismantled the Afghan state, society and political forces. Warlords and drug lords have replaced collective political leadership. A new generation has grown up amid this war who has dreamt of the end of the war and prosperous life. In the absence of a political alternative, they inadvertently turn to these warlords who have turned the war into a profitable business. Except for some small political organizations in Afghanistan, all the groups of powerful warlords are the proxies of one or the other imperialist country, including the neighbouring countries. No group has a political vision of its own and no socioeconomic program for the betterment of society. They are puppets of their respective imperialist masters. The recent fall of Kabul can be understood in the same background. Some analysts describe the Taliban takeover of Kabul as a conspiracy by America which is utter nonsense. In fact, American imperialism had become so impotent in Afghanistan that it had lost its senses. In such a situation, it committed blunder after blunder. Taliban took full advantage of recent Doha talks. Despite the agreement, Taliban would act contrarily and America would watch them helplessly. Before the Taliban’s takeover of Kabul, it was agreed that after Ashraf Ghani’s resignation a provisional government would be formed which will conduct fresh elections in six months. However, by capturing Kabul Taliban has effectively taken all the matters into its own hands. Taliban’s surprising swift advance towards Kabul owes much to America’s abrupt abandonment of military bases in Bagram, Kandahar and other places in the dark of night which had a negative effect on the morale, solidarity and defence capabilities of the Afghan army. Afghan soldiers and officers began abandoning their outposts even before the battle and in a situation when all their supplies had worn out. The low pay of Afghan soldiers, nonpayment of salaries for months, embezzlement in military supplies, inadequate aerial support, conflicting orders from the local commander and the centre and finally the rapid switching of allegiances of tribal chiefs to Taliban all contributed to the complete demoralization of Afghan army. Taliban met tough resistance in Herat and Lashkargah and couldn’t capture it for days. If they had encountered similar resistances in other cities, it would have taken the Taliban years to reach Kabul. However, Herat’s warlord Ismail Khan, on Iran’s instructions, surrendered to the Taliban and handed over Herat to them, just as he had cooperated with American’s in the toppling of Taliban in 2001, again on Iran’s instructions. This further demoralized the army. The Kabul administration summoned Lashkargah’s commander to Kabul to defend the city, while Lashkargah’s frontline crumbled and the Helmand province fell to the Taliban. Ghazni’s governor handed over the province to the Taliban. In Kandahar, the influential tribal chiefs and warlords paved the way for the Taliban’s takeover. Ashraf Ghani’s ancestral province Logar was also captured in the same way. In this way, the Taliban reached Kabul from the south, while advancing in the north they continued capturing important cities and reached General Rasheed Dostum’s Mazar Sharif. Dostum is a puppet of Turkey’s Erdogan. He had bragged of establishing a new state of Turkistan by partitioning Afghanistan in case of the Taliban’s offensive. His centre of power, Mazar Sharif, was captured by the Taliban in a jiffy. Dostum and General Atta fled to Uzbekistan. In this way, the Taliban travelled from north to Kabul without encountering any resistance. Taliban’s swift victories in the north were impossible had it not been for the Russian and Iranian help.
Ashraf Ghani, whose know-how about statesmanship was limited to his experience in office drudgery of World Bank and NGOs, was utterly incapable of playing any decisive role in Afghanistan’s complex and extraordinary circumstances. Americans contemptuously kept him out of the whole process of talks with the Taliban. He could not even respond to such humiliation. These talks continued even till the fall of Kabul but still, Ashraf Ghani and his government remained irrelevant. Grasping the whole situation the astute leader of Northern Alliance Abdullah Abdullah secured the position of head of the High Council for National Reconciliation. This position allowed him to play a pivotal role in the final stages of talks and remained close to the Taliban. The role and position of Abdullah Abdullah in the imminent Taliban government, in which other groups will also be incorporated, will further elaborate the Taliban’s rapid victory. Constitutionally, Ashraf Ghani was the supreme commander of the armed forces. During this whole war, he didn’t even visit a single front to boost soldiers’ morale. One day he was seen with his advisors and commanders at Bala Hissar fort Kabul devising defence strategies and the very next day he was seen fleeing the presidential palace with suitcases full of foreign currencies, as reported by the Russian ambassador. He fled to UAE and left the country in turmoil and uncertainty. The schooling and training of capitalist institutions of the World Bank and NGOs can only produce cowards and accidental liberals like Ashraf Ghani. On the other hand, the cauldron of revolutionary struggle produces leaders like Noor Muhammad Tarakai, Hafizullah Amin and Dr Najeeb who sacrificed their lives in defence of oppressed masses and became immortal. The government in Kabul collapsed immediately after Ghani’s escape. This vacuum has been swiftly filled by the Taliban who entered Kabul without any resistance and with each passing moment they are consolidating their power.
Whereas the vacuum created by Ashraf Ghani and his government was filled by the Taliban as the only alternative at the moment; Russia, China and Iran want to fill the vacuum created by America’s defeat. These countries provided every possible support to the Taliban in its fight against America. At the same time, Pakistan is coordinating and harmonizing with these states by utilizing its great influence on the Taliban. In such conditions, the current pro-American Pakistani regime and Pakistani deep state will inevitably come into conflict. For Pakistan the year 2021 can become a reverse scenario of 2017. Despite being a landlocked country and about 75 per cent of its terrain being mountainous, Afghanistan is an important bridge between central Asian states and south Asia. Its natural resources and minerals have been the focus of various imperialist powers. According to a report of the American Defense Committee published in the New York Times, Afghanistan is sitting on colossal reserves of Copper, Carbon, Chromite, Floride, Iron, Uranium and several other precious metals. The report further estimates that huge reserves of lithium can transform Afghanistan into Saudi Arabia of lithium. Lithium is an important element used in rechargeable batteries for mobile phones, laptops, digital cameras and electric vehicles. China has been eyeing the extraction of these minerals for decades. China has already signed various oil and copper extraction projects including the Mes Aynak copper project. However, due to turmoil and uncertainty, these projects could not move forward. China also plans to link Afghanistan through Belt and Road Initiative with CPEC in the south and with Silk Road in the north. China has built close ties with the Taliban. Both sides have had several meetings in China. Taliban has assured China it will not allow Afghanistan’s territory to be used against China. China has also assured support to the Taliban. It seems that China, Russia and Iran are using the platform of Shanghai Cooperation Council to try to replace America’s Unipolar order.
On 17th August, the Taliban held their first press conference and announced their immediate measures and policies in which they pledged no retribution, to allow girls’ education, women to continue their work albeit in Islamic Hijab, banks and financial institutions would continue to work. However, contrary to these announcements, reports are emerging from far-flung areas that people are being abducted and killed, young girls and widows are being forcefully married to their fighters. Residents of Kabul are in a panic. They are leaving the country while the Taliban consolidating its power. After Ghani’s escape, the vice president Amrullah Saleh has declared himself the president. He has organized anti-Taliban commanders in Panjshir valley and has started resistance against the Taliban. During Dollar Jihad Amrullah Saleh received military training in Pakistan and was a commander of Ahmad Shah Masood’s Jihadi organization. Later he was appointed the head of Afghan intelligence service NDS and afterwards the vice president of Ashraf Ghani. If the Taliban further cements its ties with China, Russia and Iran, then America and India would support this new northern alliance; and ISIS Khorasan, TTP and other organizations will be their allies. This will pave the way for another war in Afghanistan and Pakistan.
Whether the Taliban has learnt something from its previous stint in power or not, they certainly have learnt how to consolidate their power. They have Iranian mullah aristocracy in their neighbourhood where a dictatorial religious government is at the helm and the Taliban have had cordial relations with them for some time. The immediate probability of the nature of Afghan government, whether it is an ‘elected’ or transitional one, an all-powerful supreme body or council will dominate it. All governmental functions, military matters, interior and foreign policies will be decided by this ‘body’. Financial matters will also be under its domain. It means that Afghanistan’s rough body politic will be wrapped up in the straightjacket of the Iranian political system which will cause the straightjacket to be torn apart because neither Afghanistan has an economy relatively strong like that of Iran, nor a dominant nationality similar to Iranian Persians. It is economically, socially and culturally several times more backward than Iran and is a turbulent country. A strong economy is a precondition for state oppression; however, there exists no such precondition in Afghanistan. Taliban’s whole policy stresses only on punishments and retributions of the judicial system. They have no socioeconomic program for the betterment of society other than banning music, destroying musical instruments and prohibiting cultural activities. For the oppressed Afghan masses, their economic program is no different from Pakistani PM Imran Khan’s policies i.e. charity, philanthropy and alms.
At the moment, the danger of a bloodbath has been averted. There are various possibilities hidden in the present situation of Afghanistan. It is the duty of revolutionaries to look for the progressive contents in a given phenomenon, preserve and nourish it. Over the years, a series of reactionary events have been taking place in Afghanistan. However, the potential for further reactionary events is fading. The defeat of American imperialism in the region is actually the failure of neoliberal capitalism, having far-reaching repercussions which will help in the development of revolutionary conditions and the spread of revolutionary ideas. The new generation of Afghans is learning many things from their experiences. New ideas and outlooks are emerging. Afghan women in Kabul have set an example of audacity and fearlessness by protesting against the Taliban right in front of their armed goons. They are not just a few individual women but the voice of the majority of the Afghan masses. These voices will transform into thunder evoking mass resilience and revolutionary slogans which will silence all the reactionary voices once and for all.
US Withdrawal from Afghanistan: Horror after Terror
ISL Declaration on Afghanistan
A Corrupt Afghanistan – The Legacy of Bush and Blair
Analysis • Imperialism • Latin America
1st Congress of the ISL: Resolution on Latin America
Africa • Imperialism • National Question
1st Congress of the ISL: Resolution on Western Sahara
Analysis • Economy • Imperialism • United States
The Relative Decline of US Imperialism
Afghanistan • Analysis • Imperialism • Terrorism • United States
Cuba • Imperialism
Cuba: Statement of International Socialist League
Analysis • Economy • Global • Imperialism
Intellectual Property Right: A Brake on Innovation and...
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Latinstock Inks Agreement with KIT Digital
Latinstock Digital, the asset-management subsidiary of the Latinstock photographic cooperative, has entered into a joint venture agreement with KIT Digital, a provider of on-demand video-management software. The two companies have agreed to cross-market services, thus expanding the range of the total offering, to each other’s and potential new clients. For Latinstock, the agreement means a stronger foothold in the video and European markets and an expansion of its service roster.
The two companies will focus initial efforts on Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Mexico, though they plan to widen the scope of the joint venture early on. KIT Digital will serve Latinstock’s enterprise-level clients that require on-demand hosted video-asset management. Latinstock will offer KIT clients still and motion stock alongside services such as video production and post-production, encoding, transmission and decoding.
The combined roster of services will also be marketed to prospects. KIT Digital and Latinstock will use a common salesforce and collateral materials to support the marketing effort.
Latinstock’s evolution—from a specialist stock coop into a broader-scope content and service provider—is indicative of the current industry trend toward diversification. As traditional still stock business declines, agencies increasingly look to offer clients new products and value-added services.
For Latinstock, which was founded in 1986 and maintains offices in 10 Latin American cities and in Madrid, diversifying included expanding to video and digital asset management. President and founder Marcelo Brodsky said: “Over the last few years, Latinstock Digital has developed from a well-known provider of editorial and advertising assets to a true content and asset management partner for our clients. A large and increasing portion of that content is video, so by partnering with KIT digital we are now able to offer a much broader range of IP video and digital asset management solutions.”
Latinstock’s geographic niche puts it into an excellent position to partner with larger companies that need access to Latin America—such as the publicly traded KIT Digital, which maintains multiple offices in Europe and North America and one each in Australia and the United Arab Emirates. The company’s client roster lists more than 600 enterprise customers, including the Associated Press, Disney-ABC, Google, IMG Worldwide, Intel, News Corp. and the U.S. Department of Defense.
“We found the right match partnering with Corbis many years ago as the image management market was transforming, and we are confident we are matching up in the right way with KIT as well, as the video management market is going through its own transformation,” said Brodsky.
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The History of Women’s ‘00 Fashion
By Luc Gninyomo|2021-11-01T10:13:32-04:00November 1st, 2021|Fashion, Sheen Magazine, Top Story|0 Comments
2000s fashion is often described as being a global mash up, where trends saw the fusion of previous vintage styles, global and ethnic clothing, as well as the fashions of numeous music.
When the 2000s kicked off, the fashion was profoundly influenced by technology. Around the year 2000, there was a monochromatic futuristic approach to fashion, with metallics, shiny blacks, heavy use of gray, straps, and buckles becoming commonplace. This was called “Y2K fashion”. The apparel was made to be as dark, reflective, technological, and as sexy as possible. When the original iPod was introduced in 2001, the white earbuds, as well as the gadget itself, became something of an accessory for early adopters.
Particular pieces of Y2K clothing included mesh tops, wraparound sunglasses, wireframe rectangle glasses, box-pleated skirts, handkerchief tops (often in a metallic pattern such as silver or gold for a disco feel), satin skirts, leather skirts, concert t-shirts with rhinestones, sparkling shoes, halter tops, sequinned pants (popularized by Peter Morrissey), and embroidered and sequinned tops (inspired by Easton Pearson), along with the famous pearl printed black cocktail dress by Karen Walker, which was successful worldwide. In the year 2000, some of the casual women’s and girl’s fashion trends were oversized sunglasses, mini shoulder handbags/purses, aviator sunglasses, oversized hoop earrings, jeans worn for numerous occasions (such as mid-rise, boot-cut, fabric accents down the sides, fabric accents sewn into the flares, lace-up sides and tie-dye[), wedge flip flops, hot pants, denim jackets, chunky sweaters, pashmina scarves, Skechers, belly shirts, and tube tops.
In Africa, Europe, North America, East Asia, South America, and Oceania, the early 2000s saw the continuation of many mid and late 1990s fashions due to the continued influence of teen pop stars such as Britney Spears and Christina Aguilera, such as the military look, while introducing newer more vaguely dystopian postmodern trends. From 2001 onwards, women wore long-sleeved shirts with bell sleeves, cowl-neck tops, crop tops, Burberry, hoodies, flare jeans, hip-huggers, low rise pants, white jeans, whale tails, cargo pants (especially ones made out of silk, satin, and velvet) hip-hop inspired sweatpants, daisy dukes, thong underwear, and solid bright-colored tights.
9/11 and the mortgage crisis of 2001 impacted fashion by bringing in a new wave of conservatism. This created a rise in denim, the American fabric of the working person. Jeans became acceptable in every situation, from the supermarket to the red carpet. It was a slow shift to conservatism, seen in how jeans started low-rise in reflection of the sexy Y2K style and moved through various waistlines and leg widths. As mentioned with the social classes, logos became a form of stability and comfort in fashion.Perhaps in reaction to the streamlined, futuristic, outer space-themed Y2K styles of the year 2000, distressed denim became popular in America from 2001 to 2008. Pants became lower waisted and significantly more flared than they were previously, and often featured elaborate embroidery rather than the utilitarian, no-frills style of before.
2000sfashionhistory
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My Correspondence with Gandhi
Posted on 22 August 2013 under Bart de Ligt Project, Gandhi, Pacifism, Theory, Tolstoy.
by Bart de Ligt
From Germany, Austria and other countries, I have been urged for information about my correspondence with Gandhi, which so far has only been published in French, English and Dutch and for various reasons could not be published in German. I am therefore most grateful to the editorial staff of Neue Generation (New Generation) for the opportunity to acquaint you with a few matters.
It was only in 1928 that I could really go more profoundly into Gandhi’s life. I had read, of course, with great interest a number of his articles. As well as that, I had taken note of various articles written about him. The most important insights I owe to the short book by Romain Rolland (Mahatma Gandhi, 1922) and a few articles published in magazines.
From these I came to understand Gandhi as the legitimate follower of Tolstoy. Whereas Tolstoy would have been the “John the Baptist” of revolutionary nonviolence, Gandhi would have been the Christ, so to speak, of this movement; Tolstoy the Great Precursor and Prophet, Gandhi the Performer fulfilling the Prophecy.
The way Gandhi always referred to Tolstoy seemed to justify Rolland’s laudatory view. I had, however, an inkling that something did not correspond to reality. I began more and more to feel fooled by a Gandhi Myth. Rolland spoke about Gandhi’s participation in the activities of the Red Cross while serving three times in the British Army, thus suggesting that the great Hindu had joined the British army for humanitarian reasons. It appeared to me that something about all this did not quite add up. Moreover, I was annoyed by the peculiar way Gandhi was worshipped in various circles as a kind of Messiah. His testimonies had to be accepted without questioning and many persons who did not care to know about Western radical opposition to War, spoke rather obsequiously about the Nonviolence of the Oriental Saint, without following his example in their own country. Moreover, it did not seem obvious to me which revolutionary role Gandhi was playing in India and the whole world. But in the 20s, at long last, I found the opportunity to make a more thorough study of Gandhi, and go more deeply into the most significant literature published thus far about him.
In particular I studied closely the nearly thousand pages of Speeches and Writings of M. K. Gandhi, with an Introduction and a Biographical Sketch by Mr. C. F. Andrews (Third Edition, Madras: G. A. Natesan & Co.). I was especially interested in Gandhi’s position during and towards the World War. I had also met in Geneva, Vienna and elsewhere several spiritually important Indians who had committed themselves to the armed national defense of a potentially independent India. I further took note of the fact that the Indian National Congress in 1925, during the chairmanship of the well-known poetess S. Naidu, had adopted a resolution intended to toughen up and create a fighting spirit among the Indian people.
What I read in Speeches and Writings, I initially could not believe. I cannot remember how often I read and re-read the passages concerned. I showed these to my friend Pavel Birukov who in 1925 had dedicated his book Tolstoi und der Orient (Tolstoy and the Orient) to the great oppressed Indian people and their great leader Mahatma Gandhi. He could not believe his eyes either.
From Speeches it can be clearly concluded that during the World War, Gandhi had not only been active in the service of the British Red Cross in London, but that later on in India, he had also been systematically active in India to induce his compatriots to join the British Army. He said, for example, in July 1918 in a meeting in the Kaira district, that his sisters and brothers there had recently carried out a successful nonviolent struggle and had resisted the British Government courageously and with respect, without harming anyone. “I now place before you an opportunity of proving that you bear no hostility to Government in spite of your strenuous fight with them.” Gandhi concluded that the Indians were still a subordinated and oppressed people and that they did not enjoy the same rights as the peoples of the British Dominions. “We want the rights of Englishmen, and we aspire to be as much partners of the Empire as the Dominions overseas… To bring such a state of things we should have the ability to defend ourselves, that is the ability to bear arms and to use them… If we want to learn the use of arms with the greatest possible dispatch, it is our duty to enlist ourselves in the Army…We are regarded as a cowardly people. If we want to become free from that reproach, we should learn the use of arms. Partnership in the Empire is our definite goal. We should suffer to the utmost of our ability and even lay down our lives to defend the Empire. The easiest and straightest way, therefore, to win swaraj is to participate in the defense of the Empire. It is not within our power to give much money. Moreover, it is not money that will win the war. Only an inexhaustible army can do it. That army India can supply. If the Empire wins mainly with the help of our army, it is obvious that we would secure the rights we want.” (pp. 430-432) In this spirit Gandhi demanded from every village 20 soldiers and when these should fall in battle he demanded another 20. And he participated in the large War Conference with the Viceroy.
This all made me address an open letter to Gandhi in May 1928 in which I honored him for his pioneering activities in the nonviolent struggle in Africa and India, and I stated the extent to which his nonviolent initiatives were appreciated everywhere in the world by revolutionary pacifists and anti-war activists. I reminded him to what extent the number of those contesting war was increasing, just as the preparation for war in Europe and America increased on an almost daily basis, and also to what extend so many conscientious objectors in the West were inspired by his words and deeds. I then told him how disappointed I was when I saw that three times as a member of the Red Cross he had engaged in wars by Britain against the Boers, the Zulus and the European Central Powers, and when I read about his fanatic calls to war in 1918, I asked him whether he might not admit, like Tolstoy, that participation in activities with the Red Cross were warlike activities. How could he reconcile his de facto war propaganda with the spirit of Jesus and Tolstoy?
In any case, what mattered to me was not the past, but the future. To what extent may the international war resisters count – in case there might be again another threat of World War – on Gandhi and his Indian spiritual sympathizers; that is, a Gandhi, who from 1914 to 1918 had called upon the Indians to fight as soldiers against Germany, Austria, Bulgaria and Turkey, against peoples which had never caused harm to Indians, and this in the service of the British Empire, which had oppressed and exploited India during hundreds of years. Gandhi had acknowledged several times that he was occasionally urged on by a national egotism. But had this not led him to exaggerated, merciless and Jesuitical deeds, which could only with great difficulty be reconciled with the spirit of Jesus?
Gandhi replied in Young India, 13 September 1928, that his activity in the service of the Red Cross had been a conscious war activity, but that at that time in that situation he could still be faithful to his convictions. As long as he lived under a system of government, which was based on violence and under which he voluntarily shared the many privileges this system offered to him, he would consider it his duty to support with all his strength this government in the event of war. He was disappointed that they did not fulfill their promises. Subsequently, Gandhi became opposed to the British Government and would not participate in their wars any longer. In case, however, India had an independent government, he could imagine that in certain circumstances, although he himself in no way would directly join in any war, he might nevertheless consider it his duty to vote in favor of those who wanted to join the military. These views of Gandhi did not seem to me adequate. Nor were they to Vladimir Tchertkov, who from Moscow had sent an interesting letter to Gandhi on 20 October 1928. Perhaps Gandhi felt the inadequacy of his own arguments, and, in his reply to Tchertkov, Gandhi now made reference to his inner voice and the divine light which -as he wrote- always burned in a clear and firm way within him.
One will understand that all this led to further correspondence with the Indian leader. In March 1929, I wrote a second letter to Gandhi in which I referred to the conscientious objectors in England. As citizens of their country, fully conscious of their responsibility not only to their own country but also to the whole world, they had refused to join in Britain’s imperialist Great War of 1914 to 1918. The principle was that the Duty of the Citizen would be subordinated to the Duty of Man. I asked him as well whether he who had spoken of Western Civilization in such a supercilious way, might perhaps be prepared to agree to the worst of this civilization, the modern, industrialized war, the chemical, electro-technical and bacteriological warfare. The military training of a people nowadays cannot mean anything else, this incidentally being proved by the military chapter of the Nehru Report.
I also tried to explain to him in no uncertain terms that one not only has to judge the problem of the armament of India from a nationalist or patriotic point of view, but that one must take into account the political and social development of the whole world.
Meanwhile, I met in Geneva the most beloved Englishman in India and the most intimate friend of Gandhi, C. F. Andrews. He confirmed to me that he also could not reconcile Gandhi’s position during the World War with the Mahatma’s creed of ahimsa and that Gandhi’s national motivations drown more and more all his other motives. One could conclude this clearly from Gandhi’s reply in Young India, 9 March 1929, which did not contain any substantially new information and still confirmed the naive expectation that Indian independence could be realized by a friendly settlement with Great Britain.
Gandhi also maintained that India was drawn helplessly into Britain’s wars. He further touched upon a few other questions which caused me to address in December 1929 a third letter to the Indian leader, to which he replied in Young India of 30 January 1930. This reply was also printed in “Die Weltbuhne” of 17 January 1930 (translated into German and with critical notes by Kurt Hiller). Gandhi wrote this response after he had at last realized that his hope of forty years of loyal attitude to the British Government towards India, even to a so-called Labour Government, could not be fulfilled. Despite Labour’s membership being favorable towards India, they were trapped in the ruthless Imperialist system. Gandhi still claimed that in the past, during the war against the Zulus and the Boers, he had acted in accordance with his good conscience. Had he forgotten, by chance or deliberately, his awful part in the World War? If he forgot this unintentionally, which is most plausible, this slip of the mind must nevertheless be further noted. Gandhi stated now that he would cooperate with his fellow-countrymen in order to break the British chains; but he knew that if India attained its freedom, he would have to wage a nonviolent struggle against his own fellow-countrymen, which probably might be as difficult as the struggle he had pursued against Britain.
Perhaps Gandhi was influenced in this respect by an article in “The World Tomorrow”, which had been sent to him by an American conscientious objector in August 1929 and had been printed on the 22nd of the same month in Young India. The article would demonstrate how modern armament accounts for an ever-increasing expenditure, yet how for an appropriate defense and effective protection modern arms offer ever less security. Gandhi warned India therefore not to follow the European-American example of modern armament; this would cost hundreds of millions and claim an increasing part of industry and majority of the people. “In order to bring about the annihilation of men, women and children one has only to press a button so that within a second poisonous gas will be spread over them. Do we want to adapt this method of self-defense? And, in doing so, are we in a position to finance this?” To compete with modern military powers in the field of arming, would mean suicide for India; war is a matter of monetary expenditure and of the invention of technical means of annihilation. India’s power lay elsewhere, says Gandhi. It has to decrease violence in its national life and to promote ever more nonviolence.
In this context Gandhi always considers the problem of national defense, as he himself explains, from the point of view of a patriot. However important his personal dedication to the cause of India and exemplary his devotion to a cause he considers the most important one, if we were to consider his position from the point of view of revolutionary anti-militarism, Gandhi is not yet a perfectly reliable collaborator. He has achieved marvelous results by his nonviolent methods of struggle, although one may ask if the scope of his activity has not been too narrow, or whether he has not been too much carried away by unscrupulous allies? But these are issues that cannot be dealt with here.
Onex near Geneva, 19 July 1930.
A NOTE ON THE TEXT: This article was originally published in: Neue Generation, July 1930 as “Meine Korrespondenz mit Gandhi”, translated here from the German original by Piet Dijkstra and Brian Bromwell; from Christian Bartolf (ed.) The Breath of Life: The Correspondence of Mahatma Gandhi (India) and Bart de Ligt (Holland) on War and Peace, Berlin: Gandhi-Informations-Zentrum, 2000; pp. 63-69; courtesy of Christian Bartolf and the board of Gandhi-Informations-Zentrum.
Bart de Ligt wrote extensively on pacifism, war, and international conflicts. We have posted already Peter van den Dungen’s introductory article about de Ligt, and another essay by de Ligt about Gandhi, “The Effectiveness of Nonviolent Struggle”.
Other noteworthy writings by and about Bart de Ligt are:
Bart de Ligt, Beim Teufel zur Beichte… Eine Antwort auf das Internationale Manifest gegen die Wehrpflicht, Berlin: 1927.
Franz Kobler & Bart de Ligt, “Über die Taktik des aktiven Pazifismus”, in Franz Kobler (ed.) Gewalt und Gewaltlosigkeit. Handbuch des aktiven Pazifismus, Zurich: Rotapfel Verlag, 1928; pp. 346-358.
Peter van den Dungen, Herman Noordegraaf & Wim Robben, Bart de Ligt (1883-1938). Peace Activist and Peace Researcher, Boxtel/Zwolle (Netherlands): SVAG, 1988.
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Why the Moral Argument for Nonviolence Matters
Posted on 8 June 2017 under Civil Rights & Martin Luther King, Jr., Strategy & Tactics, The Trump Era, Theory.
by Kazu Haga
South African student presenting flowers to police; courtesy gettyimages.com
“Bernard? Oh yeah, he’s great. He was always the principles guy.” That was what an old Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) organizer told me when I mentioned that I had been trained by Bernard Lafayette, co-author of the Kingian Nonviolence curriculum and a legend of the civil rights era. “I was always a strategies guy,” this elder went on to tell me. “I believed in nonviolence as an effective strategy, but Bernard was always talking about nonviolence as a principle.”
I let out a little laugh. In that moment, I was proud to have been trained by “the principles guy.” When people talk about nonviolence in the context of social change, they’re typically talking about nonviolent organizing, nonviolent direct action, nonviolent civil resistance; arenas where the word “nonviolence” is only an adjective describing the absence of physical violence within a set of tactics and strategies. The philosophy of nonviolence and the moral question of violence are often considered too messy or complicated, even by those who do believe it to be a principle.
The Civil Rights Movement was led largely by leaders who believed in nonviolence as a moral imperative. It was not only the most effective thing, but also the right thing. While Martin Luther King, Jr. and his closest allies held to this belief, some other movement leaders — as well as the vast majority of people who mobilized for the movement — only understood nonviolence as a strategy.
Most of the movements I have participated in, even those that had a strict policy of nonviolence tend to shy away from the moral question, possibly for fear of turning away potential participants. And I get that. Making the argument that nonviolence should be seen as a way of life is a much harder sell than convincing people that it is the most effective strategy to accomplish a goal. Convincing people to remain nonviolent during a demonstration is a lot easier than convincing people to look at how to practice nonviolence in all areas of our life.
We find ourselves in an urgent moment in history. From climate change to the Trump agenda, we do not have the luxury to wait until tomorrow. We need a movement today. So maybe trying to make the moral argument is not the most strategic thing. But King taught us that it is never the wrong time to do the right thing. And so, I believe the time is right to make the argument that violence itself is our biggest enemy.
Honoring Violence
Making the moral argument for nonviolence does not mean placing a moral judgment on those who use or advocate for violence, especially as a means for self-defense.
As an advocate for nonviolence, I have learned a great deal from the likes of the Black Panther Party, the Zapatistas, the Deacons for Defense and the anarchists in the Spanish Civil War, among others. Their struggles and sacrifices should never be discounted, nor should we ignore the many lessons from their movements. We should also never judge those who have used violence for self-defense in interpersonal relationships: abusive relationships, robberies, assaults, etc. If people felt like that was their only means of protecting themselves, I only pray that they were okay.
Finally, we need to acknowledge the extreme levels of violence that many people are born into because of systemic injustice. We put people into generations of poverty and invest in a culture of violence, then judge them for reacting with violence? As inarticulate as it may be, even riots are typically a cry for peace from a people who have never had it.
So violence can be an effective tool to protect yourself and others against a threat, and it can be used to express outrage about injustice. There is great value in both. Yet violence is also limited in one very important way, and that is that violence can never create relationships.
Violence can never get you closer to reconciliation, closer to King’s “beloved community,” the reconciled world with justice for all people. And that is perhaps the most significant difference between a principled nonviolent approach and an approach using violence or nonviolence that is strictly strategic. The goals are different.
Resolution vs. Reconciliation
In movements that are violent or simply use nonviolent tactics, the goal is victory, where victory is defined as “your” people beating “those” people to win your demands. The victory is over your opponents. But in a principled approach, there is no victory until you’ve won your opponents over.
In a principled nonviolent approach, the goal is always reconciliation and steps toward beloved community. The goal is always to build and strengthen relationships and to bring people and communities together, not separate them. If we are not able to find ways to bring communities together, we will always have separation, violence and injustice.
Even if you are able to achieve short-term gains, if relationships between people were harmed in the conflict and you are further away from each other as a result, then it is not a victory at all. If only your tactics are nonviolent and not your worldview, whatever issue you’re working on may get resolved, but the relationships don’t get repaired.
It was a team of incarcerated Kingian Nonviolence trainers in Soledad Prison (California) that taught me this during a conversation we were having about the difference between conflict resolution and conflict reconciliation. Conflict resolution is about fixing issues. Conflict reconciliation is about repairing relationships. Resolving an issue is about the mind. It’s about policies, structures, laws — the causes of violence. Reconciling a relationship is about the heart. It’s about the people, the stories, the history, the human impact of violence.
The levels of violence today are so heightened that there will be times when movements will need to use assertive and militant nonviolent tactics to stop the immediate harm and demand change. As Marshall Rosenberg, the founder of nonviolent communication, says, we need to, “use the minimum amount of force necessary to stop the immediate harm.” And we never think about what the “minimum amount” looks like.
That is the realm of nonviolent strategies and tactics like non-cooperation and civil disobedience. Tactics that could stop the construction of a pipeline, pass voter protection laws or even lead to a political revolution.
But if we stop there, the relationships between the communities are still divided, and there could still be fear, mistrust and resentment. If the human relationships are not healed, the conflict will resurface again on some other issue. Any peace gained through political revolution but not a revolution of relationships is short-lived.
Reconciliation is what a principled nonviolent approach demands.
The Need for Healing
The very nature of violence is unjust. As Rev. James Lawson, one of the lead trainers for the civil rights movement, has said, “Violence has a very simple dynamic. I make you suffer more than I suffer. I make you suffer until you cry uncle.” It is the very idea that we can use force, fear and intimidation to get what we want that is our enemy.
Because violence hurts. Period.
We all know that. We’ve all experienced it — physical, emotional and spiritual. It hurts to get punched, but it hurts more to feel abandoned, alone, ashamed, hopeless, desperate, unworthy, afraid, used. And too often, we are made to feel those things by people in our own families, in our own movements, in our own communities.
Being committed to a principled approach to nonviolence requires us to look at the pain that we carry ourselves, and the pain that we inflict on each other within our communities. It is easy to point the finger and say that the violence is “over there.”
I have talked to too many people who shared that the traumas they carry were only re-triggered and made worse by the violence they witnessed within movements. When we say that we are committed to nonviolence, we are not only saying that we want to stop the violence “over there” that “those people” are committing. We also try to work on the ways we ourselves perpetuate harm as a result of our own unhealed traumas. We are working to heal our own selves as much as anyone we perceive as our enemies. We are working to change how we relate to each other in our own communities as much as we are working to change any policy.
Whether you live in an impoverished community or work in law enforcement where your job is to dehumanize people all day, we are not a healthy society. It hurts to witness violence, it hurts to experience violence, and it hurts to inflict violence. Each causes trauma.
Yes, we need to fight. But only so that we can create spaces to heal and to build.
Beloved Community
Martin Luther King, Jr. wrote in his “Letter from a Birmingham Jail,” that, “We are caught in an inescapable network of mutuality, tied in a single garment of destiny. Whatever affects one directly, affects all indirectly.”
This universal truth comes out in many cultures and traditions throughout the world. The aboriginal peoples in Australia teach us, “If you have come here to help me, you are wasting your time. But if you have come because your liberation is bound up with mine, then let us work together.” That is the vision of beloved community. A world where we acknowledge our interdependence, our “inter-being.” As Buddhist teacher Thich Nhat Hanh says, “My liberation is bound up in yours.” That is a beautiful concept, and a popular quote in many progressive circles. But to what extent do we really believe it? Is our liberation bound up with the liberation of some and not others? How about people who voted for Donald Trump or people who have hurt us personally? Who draws that line? Do some people fall out of the “network of mutuality” that King talked about?
What does it look like to work together to “liberate” those who commit harm? What does it mean to acknowledge that being oppressed hurts, but being an oppressor also destroys your soul? The privileges of being an oppressor do not take away the violence that gets internalized when you hurt someone.
Beloved community is not about loving the people who are easy to love. It is about cultivating “agape” — a Greek word for unconditional love for all of humanity, including those who are difficult to love.
King said that the civil rights movement was a movement for the bodies of black folks and the souls of white folks. He acknowledged that being a white supremacist destroys your soul. To have so much judgment and hatred in your heart is an act of violence you do to yourself, and part of the goal of the movement was to help them. To bring them back into the network of mutuality and to remind them that they are part of the beloved community. Because our liberation depends on it.
Faith in People
The core of the theory of nonviolence for me has become an unwavering faith in the nature of humanity. That at our core, we are a species that wants to live in peace and wants to be in service and in relationships; that we have the resiliency to heal no matter how hurt we are, and we have the ability to transform no matter how much harm we’ve caused.
We get asked all the time in our nonviolence workshops, “Well, isn’t violence just part of human nature?” And I used to struggle responding to it, because it was hard to argue. It has always been part of our history.
Then several years ago, I met Paul Chappell, a graduate of West Point turned peace activist. During his presentation at a conference, he said that every study that has ever been conducted shows that violence is traumatic. It can cause PTSD, depression, anxiety and permanent damage to our brain. And yet not a single person has ever been traumatized by an act of love.
He then asked, “If violence is part of our nature, then why does it short-circuit our brain?” Shouldn’t we be able to engage in it and not have it cause permanent damage? That to him was evidence that violence isn’t in our nature, that at the core of human nature are the things that fulfill us: love, joy, community, peace.
And that is what we need today: a determined and dogged belief in the goodness of people. We need the fierce tactics of nonviolence to stop the immediate harm, and the principles of nonviolence to transform the pain. Without one or the other, we are always going to be spinning our wheels, fighting the next injustice or addressing the next hurt.
I’ve been very privileged in my life. I’ve gotten to see so many people transformed from the most violent circumstances, that it might be easier for me to have faith in people. It is the greatest honor being able to work with incarcerated communities. Every day, I get to learn from people who have survived so much violence and in many cases have inflicted so much harm, yet have transformed to become some of the greatest peacemakers I’ve ever met. It gives me faith in the resiliency of people and in the core of human nature.
And if I can have faith in their core and their ability to transform, why not the prison guards? Why not the politician who passed the laws that filled the prison? Or the corporate lobbyist who pushed for that legislation? Or the conservative voter who put those lawmakers into office?
It may take seven generations, but if we are not working for a world that works for all of us, then what exactly are we working for? If we are working to change laws and policies, but the hearts and minds of the people are still corrupt and we still see each other as exactly that — “others” — will we ever know peace?
We are in need of a truly nonviolent revolution, not just of systems and policies, but also of worldviews and relationships. We need to understand that people are never the enemy, that violence and injustice itself is what we need to defeat, and that the goal of every conflict must be reconciliation.
Each conflict we face has to be seen as an opportunity to strengthen understanding between members of a human family that have grown so far apart that we have forgotten our dependence on each other. That is why we need a principled nonviolent approach to society’s ills. Because it is not just laws and systems that have poisoned us. It is a worldview that has made us forget that our liberation is bound up in the liberation of all people.
And only a holistic nonviolent approach — one that involves both strategies and principles — can muster the force to stop injustice in its tracks while bringing communities towards reconciliation.
EDITOR’S NOTE: Kazu Haga is a Kingian Nonviolence trainer based in Oakland, California. Born in Japan, since the age of 17 he has been involved in many social change movements. He conducts regular trainings with youth, the incarcerated, and activists. He is the founder and coordinator of East Point Peace Academy, and is on the board of Communities United for Restorative Youth Justice, PeaceWorkers, and the OneLife Institute. Please also see Terry Messman’s fine interview with Kazu Haga, which we have posted here. This article has been shared with wagingnonviolence.org, as participants in the Creative Commons agreement.
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24 Hours of Le Mans 2010: Quotes after the race
Posted by quattroholic at 1:43 PM . Sunday, June 13, 2010
Labels: 2010 24 Hours of Le Mans, Le Mans, Motorsport, R15 TDI, Racing
The 78th running of the 24 Hours of Le Mans marked Audi's ninth victory, fourth 1-2-3 finish, and a distance record. All told, 2010 was an epic year for Audi at Le Mans. For Timo Bernhard, Romain Dumas and Mike Rockenfeller, the race was extra special, marking the first Le Mans victory for the three Audi drivers. These are the quotes from the Audi team following an amazing 24 hours.
Dr. Wolfgang Ullrich (Head of Audi Motorsport): "I am convinced that this was the most difficult Le Mans victory for Audi. We had the strongest competitors one can imagine. We did not start the weekend in a perfect way, but we worked together to reach a very good level quickly. From the outset we planned our strategy to do as long stints as possible and we used every opportunity that was offered with efficiency and reliabilty to achieve our goal. All drivers have shown a great performance and brought this historic 1-2-3 victory home for Audi. The team has worked perfectly. Thanks to everyone who made this dream result possible for Audi!”
Ralf Jüttner (Technical Director Audi Sport Team Joest): "I can not even describe my feelings yet. This Le Mans race will go down in history. And not just because of the new distance record. But because we live in motorsport at a time in which the reliability is actually not in question. Nobody retires nowadays. The cars normally last. It's all about who is fast and who is slower. But I have not seen here for ages that such a high pace was demanded. On Friday, I said that I would be happy to watch this Le Mans race as a spectator – just to watch because I was expecting an awsome race. And that's what it has become. We concentrated on our strengths: reliability and consistency. We wanted to apply pressure – and we managed to. We propably forced our opponents to risk more than they wanted. So they got problems. That it would turn out so extreme for them was unexpected. Nobody could have written such a story book as it eventually turned out. These feelings that come up within seconds are gigantic. Team Joest and Audi Sport form a team at Le Mans for years and have now grown so together that I can say: No matter what is to come, I do not worry anymore. No matter what comes back to the pits: A great job is done there. Also the driver teams were strong. There were new drivers here and some that had been with us for the first time last year. The three cars we had were evenly matched this time, which many had missed last year. Everyone was there for one another. When problems arose – and all the difficulties came from the outside, never from ourselves – the others stepped in. Amazing!”
Timo Bernhard (Audi R15 TDI #9): "It's incredible! As a child it was always my dream to go to Le Mans. In 2002 I won the GT class, which was already a first step towards my big goal, the overall victory. The fact that I've achieved this so early at the age of 29, I can not yet really realize. It is crazy! It will probably still take one or two days until I really know what we achieved. We had a great race without any problems on the car. The Audi R15 TDI has been running perfectly. Mike (Rockefeller), Romain (Dumas) and I have been pushing right from the start. This has paid off. In the end the fight with the Peugeot was getting tighter. But I am convinced that we would have kept the lead anyway – over the distance we just had the right package.”
Romain Dumas (Audi R15 TDI #9): "This day is hard to describe. I was sure that there was a chance of winning. Even though the chance might have been small. And this weekend was not only about us drivers. I thank the team,the mechanics and engineers who ensured that everything was great. Thanks also to my teammates. We have shared information among us. We had great help in the race. That was very important. The intelligence of the team was remarkable. All worked together, no one made a mistake. This has paid off in the end. Now we have won the cup back, and that was the goal. I am very satisfied.”
Mike Rockenfeller (Audi R15 TDI #9): "It is simply incredible. I am overwhelmed. It was always my big dream, my goal to win Le Mans. At the beginning I had a difficult time at Audi. Now I’m grateful that they had confidence and believed in me. Finally I managed to win, with Timo (Bernhard) and Romain (Dumas). Thank you to everyone. My thanks to Audi, to the Joest team, our crew. Great!”
Marcel Fässler (Audi R15 TDI #8): "What a result after an awesome race! I think nobody expected a triple victory. Incredible! We said to ourselves: We just have to go steady, make no mistakes, and then there will be some reward for us. But that the reward would be like this no one would have thought.”
André Lotterer (Audi R15 TDI #8): "We did not expect this: first, second and third place! I am not so long with Audi yet but I am happy for everyone, for the brand, for the team. You can not imagine how much effort the mechanics put into this race. How long they work hard for it. Our race was good. We lost a few seconds due to little things. But otherwise everything was perfect. The car ran like clockwork.”
Benoît Treluyer (Audi R15 TDI #8): "A very good result because the race has been difficult. Our opponents Peugeot were very fast. It was challenging, not to make mistakes and still be fast enough. to combine both, was anything but easy. It was not easy for any of the three Audi R15 TDI cars. Now we are all standing on the podium. We are very happy for our team.”
Dindo Capello (Audi R15 TDI #7): "It was a very difficult race. We gave away time during the first race hour just due to the unlucky pace car situation. After that everything was ok. We just tried to stay close to Peugeot and we never gave up, we pushed from the beginning until the end. It was bad luck Tom got caught with the BMW. It cost us the chance to fight for the overall victory – it was impossible for car #7 to do any better. But I’m very happy for Audi. Congratulations to everyone! Today was an awesome result for the four rings.”
Tom Kristensen (Audi R15 TDI #7): "It has been absolutely fantastic for Audi. Le Mans gives and takes. There is triumph, there is tragedy. This year showed it. Personally I am very proud to be on the winning team. Allan (McNish), Dindo (Capello) and I could have been better as we were the leading Audi when I had the incident with Andy Priaulx. But it is a little bit like a soccer team: When we win we win together. And like on a soccer team everybody will be very happy. But the people who will be most happy will be the ones who score the goals. Today it was a deserved win for Romain Dumas, Timo Bernhard and Mike Rockenfeller. They drove very efficiently into the winning circle at Le Mans. And between triumph and tragedy: The car which wins Le Mans is the best car.”
Allan McNish (Audi R15 TDI #7): "I’ve not been involved in a Le Mans like this one in my 10 previous starts. It turned on its head two or three times. From an Audi point of view it was an unbelievable result because we didn’t have the outright pace of Peugeot but Audi had the efficiency and reliability plus the team, structure, drivers and engineers that knew, from experience, how to win Le Mans. The result of our car was dictated by Tom’s incident with Andy Priaulx which was frustrating. But our fight back was intense and we can all be very proud - but that doesn’t mean to say that we can forget about the performance of our French friends as we now must focus on the Intercontinental Cup.”
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Blink-182 on Drugs, Barker’s Crash: “Human Life Trumps Everything”
August 6th, 2009 by Erica Futterman Leave a reply »
Photograph Nabil Elderkin for Rolling Stone
The fact that Blink-182 are selling out gigs on one of the summer’s hottest tours is impressive considering the trio underwent such a bitter split four years ago, Tom DeLonge quit the group and changed his phone number so bandmates Mark Hoppus and Travis Barker couldn’t reach him. It’s even more remarkable considering Barker nearly died in a plane crash that killed two of his best friends and DeLonge plunged into an addiction to painkillers he can only describe as “insane.”
In the new issue of Rolling Stone, Barker reveals details about the September 2008 Learjet accident that resulted in 16 surgeries, 48-hour blood transfusions and post-traumatic stress disorder for the first time. “I opened a door, and my hands caught fire. I immediately soaked up with jet fuel and caught fire. And then I was on fire, running like hell,” he tells Rolling Stone’s Gavin Edwards. “I was running for my family.”
Blink-182’s Rock Show: Photos of the Band Onstage and Off
Hoppus tells RS he was alerted about Barker’s accident by a phone call in the middle of the night and jumped on the next flight to the burn center. “You feel helpless to do anything other than be there for your friend,” he says. DeLonge found out via the TV news at an airport while waiting to board a flight. He landed and mailed a letter and two photographs to Barker: a photo of Blink aboard a submarine in the Middle East and another of himself and his two kids. “One was ‘Do you remember who we were?’ and the other was ‘This is who I am now,’ ” DeLonge says. “No one knew if Travis was going to live or if he would play drums again. It was a good moment to put the shit aside.”
After Barker got out of the hospital, Hoppus says the tr...
Article Source: Rolling Stone : Rock and Roll Daily
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Vinyl Releases of the Week: May 11, 2011
Post By: Katherine.Eleanor
This week, Radiohead released the world’s first “Newspaper Album” and The Cars released their first album in 23 years. Top that off with three Prince represses from Rhino Records and some classic reissues from Coltrane, Mingus, Cash, and Dylan, and you’ve got a record-breaking week of vinyl!
NEW RELEASES:
Radiohead – The King of Limbs “Newspaper Album”
This deluxe version of Radiohead’s new album includes two clear 10-inch records and over 600 pieces of artwork.
The Cars – Move Like This (HEAR Music)
The new wave torchbearers’ first album since 1987’s Door to Door features all of the original members with the exception of singer/bassist Benjamin Orr, who died of pancreatic cancer in 2000. It also features all the things Cars fans know and love.
Paul Simon – So Beautiful or So What (HEAR Music)
Paul Simon’s 12th solo album is now available on 180-gram vinyl. Heralded by critics as his best album since Graceland, So Beautiful or So What highlights Simon’s exquisite lyricism, guitar playing, melodies, and approach to world fusion.
New York Dolls – Dancing Backward in High Heels (429 Records)
A departure from the proto-punk band’s raucous 1970s work, the New York Dolls’ latest album puts their ’60s pop influences at the forefront and embraces a more elaborate, florid sound. Features original members David Johansen and Sylvain Sylvain with ex-Blondie guitarist Frank Infante.
Booker T. Jones – The Road from Memphis (Anti)
The follow-up to the soul organist’s Grammy-winning 2009 release, Potato Hole, The Road from Memphis tells the story of soul, tracing both Jones’ own journey and the progression of the music from Memphis to Detroit, Philadelphia, and New York. The set includes covers of Gnarls Barkley’s “Crazy” and Lauren Hill’s “Everything Is Everything,” and features The Roots, Lou Reed, My Morning Jacket’s Jim James, The National’s Matt Berninger, and Sharon Jones.
Okkervil River – I Am Very Far (Jagjaguwar)
The highly anticipated new double LP from Austin’s Okkervil River is a surprisingly dark and intense departure from the sunny melodies and direct nature of the band’s previous work. Taking a new approach, band leader Will Sheff brings a clinical precision to the music while keeping his lyrics mysteriously vague.
Raphael Saadiq – Stone Rollin’ (Columbia)
Grammy Award-winning singer, songwriter, musician, and record producer Raphael Saadiq returns with an exciting soul revival that channels Chuck Berry, Sly Stone, Stevie Wonder, and Marvin Gaye. Features a guest choir, pedal steel by Robert Randolph, Swedish-Japanese singer Yukimi Nagano of the band Little Dragon, and a moog solo from Larry Dunn of Earth, Wind and Fire.
The Lonely Island – Turtleneck & Chain (Republic)
Sophomore album from the SNL comedy troupe of Andy Samberg, Akiva Schaffer, and Jorma Taccone has made it to vinyl! Features appearances from Akon, Snoop Dogg, Rihanna, Michael Bolton, Nicki Minaj, Justin Timberlake, Beck, and Santigold.
John Coltrane – Coltrane Plays the Blues (Doxy Music)
Recorded during Coltrane’s prolific 1960 Atlantic Records sessions (which also yielded the albums My Favorite Things and Coltrane’s Sound), Coltrane Plays the Blues is one of his first albums as leader and first playing the (at the time) unconventional soprano sax. 180-gram mono pressing of this memorable, blues-inspired jazz album includes one extra track, “Exotica,” from the same sessions, and a bonus stereo CD of the album with four more alternate tracks.
Charles Mingus – The Alternate Moods of Tijuana (Doxy Music)
An album of alternative takes from Charles Mingus’ 1957 Tijuana Moods sessions, the collection includes an early version of the “Scenes in the City” spoken-word piece with Lonnie Elder. 180-gram LP with CD of the original Tijuana Moods album plus bonus tracks.
Bob Dylan – Bob Dylan In Concert, Brandeis University 1963 (Sony Legacy)
Recorded on May 10, 1963 (just two weeks before the release of The Freewheelin’ Bob Dylan), this concert tape was discovered in the archives of Rolling Stone co-founder Ralph Gleason two years ago and is now available on 180-gram audiophile vinyl. It features seven songs performed by a 21-year-old Dylan at the first annual Brandeis Folk Festival in Waltham, Massachusetts, including “Ballad of Hollis Brown,” “Masters of War,” “Bob Dylan’s Dream,” and a partial recording of “Honey, Just Allow Me One More Chance.”
Prince – Dirty Mind, Controversy, and 1999 (Rhino)
180-gram reissues of Prince’s three classic early-’80s albums. Often referred to as Prince’s “Controversy Period,” these three albums find the artist coming into his own and lead up to his best-selling Purple Rain. Mastered from the original tapes at Bernie Grundman Mastering, the reissues feature complete reproductions of the original packaging.
Johnny Cash – American VI: Ain’t No Grave (American Recordings)
Limited clear vinyl pressing of this 2010 posthumous release, the sixth and final installment of the country legend’s American Recordings series. Features one original, “I Corinthians 15:55,” and nine covers recorded during the sessions for American V: A Hundred Highways (2006).
Metallica – S&M (Warner)
Metallica’s 1999 collaboration with the San Francisco Symphony is now available as a triple LP set and as a 45 rpm, 180-gram six LP deluxe edition.
João Gilberto – Bossa Nova! (Doxy Music)
Originally released in 1961 as João Gilberto, this bossa nova cornerstone features the Brazilian singer-guitarist who defined the genre, accompanied by Antonio Carlos Jobim and organist Walter Wanderley. Available as a 180-gram vinyl LP with bonus CD.
The Ben Webster Quintet – Soulville (Doxy Music)
Known as “The Brute” for his tough, raspy tone, Ben Webster was one of the most important tenor saxophonists of the swing era. In 1957, the Duke Ellington alumnus recorded this classic jazz album with the Oscar Peterson trio. It features two bluesy originals followed by five ballads including the standout “Where Are You.” 180-gram vinyl LP with bonus CD.
Serge Gainsbourg avec Alain Goraguer et son Orchestre – 1 2 3 (Doxy Music)
A collection of the legendary French singer’s first three albums – Du Chant à la une (1958), N° 2 (1959), and L’Étonnant Serge Gainsbourg (1961) – pressed on 180-gram vinyl. These 45 rpm stereo versions include bonus CDs of the albums.
Kenny Loggins with Jim Messina – Sittin’ In (Friday Music)
180-gram audiophile reissue of the duo’s watershed 1972 debut. Mastered from the original Columbia tapes and packaged in a gatefold jacket, this pressing captures all the rich detail of classics like “Danny’s Song,” “House at Pooh Corner,” “Vahevala” and “Nobody But You.”
Vinyl Roundup: February 2013
Vinyl Releases of the Week: March 30th, 2011
Vinyl Releases of the Week: September 28, 2011
First Vinyl Releases of 2013
Vinyl Releases of the Week: August 3, 2011
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Streaming Diary: Classics to Stream for Free on Tubi
I am a huge fan of the free streaming service Tubi, because it’s allowed me to catch up on so many great cult and horror titles. I’ve noticed lately though that the service also has a fair number of good classic films available as well. Here are a few of my favorites:
Merrily We Live (1938) In a plot a bit like My Man Godfrey (1936) (which is also available on Tubi), a society matron (Billie Burke) hires a man (Brian Aherne) who she believes to be a tramp to work as a butler and he falls for the woman’s charming daughter (Constance Bennett). While it isn’t exactly a lost classic, mostly because Aherne doesn’t quite have the sparkle to be a truly successful screwball performer, this is nevertheless a light-hearted, clever bit of chaos with an excellent cast.
Topper Returns (1941) As much as I adore Cary Grant and Constance Bennett as the glamorous, ghostly Kirbys in Topper (1937), I’ve always found the sequel more entertaining. This has a lot to do with Joan Blondell, who stars in one of her most amusing post-production code roles.
Fanny (1961) Leslie Caron plays a young woman in a seaside French village who is impregnated by her sailor boyfriend (Horst Buchholz) before he goes out to sea for a long voyage. Maurice Chevalier is the lonely local merchant who offers a platonic marriage so that he may fulfill his dreams of parenthood. The sweetness and empathy of the characters make this an unusually charming film.
The Red House (1947) Though Edward G. Robinson and Judith Anderson are effective as a brother and sister hiding a tragic family secret, I tend to forget about them, because twenty-something Rory Calhoun and Julie London are so sizzling as a pair of teenage lovers on the edges of the action. Overall this is has long been an underrated noir and it's great that it's finally, deservedly, getting more attention.
The 10th Victim (1965) In this eye-poppingly mod Italian production, Marcello Mastroianni and Ursula Andress are participants in a government-sponsored game in which the players alternate being killer and victim. This deadly serious concept is played for laughs in a candy-coated future full of shallow minds where comic books are considered as lofty as classic novels. Sometimes the parody hits a bit too close to home.
Labels: Streaming, Streaming Diary, Tubi
Terence Towles Canote February 19, 2020 at 8:27 PM
I am a big fan of Tubi as well. In addition to the classic films they have, they also have some classic TV shows as well, such as Dobie Gillis, Space 1999, Petticoat Junction, and Wiseguy.
KC February 20, 2020 at 9:27 AM
I hadn't even looked at the TV Terry, thanks for the tip!
Podcasts for Classic Film Fans: February Round-up
On Blu-ray: Connie Stevens and Dean Jones in Two o...
Book Review: A Novel Inspired by a Photo of Marlen...
On Blu-ray: Action and Suspense in Operation Cross...
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Day 61: 9/2/1970 Oakland, CA
9/2/1970 Oakland, CA (master cassette>reel>dat)
Immigrant Song, Heartbreaker, Dazed and Confused, Bring it on Home, That's the Way, Bron-Yr-Aur, Since I've Been Loving You, Thank You, What is and What Should Never Be, Moby Dick, Whole Lotta Love, Communication Breakdown, Train Kept a Rollin', Blueberry Hill, Long Tall Sally
Plant's voice is powerful during Immigrant Song. Page displays some virtuoso fingerwork during the solos in Heartbreaker, hitting each note with precision. The bow solo during Dazed and Confused is haunting. Plant tells the crowd the next song "needs you more than it needs us" before Bring it on Home. He manages to get the crowd to quiet down for a beautiful That's the Way. Bron-Yr-Aur is dedicated to the wild ones in the crowd.
Since I've Been Loving You is a bit more subdued than usual, but Plant still manages a few moments of inspiration. Plant recounts a story about the unruly American woman in the crowd at an Elvis concert before Thank You. Bonzo's thunderous pounding during Moby Dick gets the crowd on their feet, with many shouting their approval toward the end of the song. One particularly enthusiastic fan repeatedly yells "c'mon motherfucker!" quite loudly as Bonzo plays the drums with his hands.
The band's energy picks up during Whole Lotta Love. The riotous medley includes Carl Perkins's Boppin' the Blues, an excellent Lawdy Miss Clawdy, For What it's Worth (making its first appearance with lyrics), Muddy Waters favorites Honey Bee and Long Distance Call, I'm Movin' On, Fortune Teller, and That's All Right. Communication Breakdown once again features Good Times Bad Times during an especially funky breakdown. After Plant bids the crowd goodnight, the band returns to the stage for the first appearance of Train Kept a Rollin' in over a year, followed by the first appearance of Blueberry Hill (one of my favorite Led Zeppelin covers). The show ends with an incredibly fast, riotous Long Tall Sally, which includes Hey, Hey, Hey, Hey. A taste of things to come.
The tape is clear and well-balanced, if a bit distant. Highly enjoyable.
Labels: BIOH, Blueberry Hill, BYA, CB, DAC, HB, IS, Long Tall Sally, MD, SIBLY, TKAR, TTW, TY, WIAWSNB, WLL
jonwinterland said...
9.2.70 Oakland (master cdr)/ "Two Days Before" boot/ 2nd gen cassette
With respect to our host (after all, this is very subjective), I must offer a differing opinion on this concert. When the taper first let this out, I immediately got a 2nd gen cassette of it and went over it with a fine-toothed comb, and I found this to be one of the band's absolute best shows of their career. The recording is very distant, though not as bad as San Diego, but clear enough to hear the details if you use headphones, and well worth the effort.
unsurprisingly for this tour, Robert is in incredible voice from start to finish, but the rest of the band never fails to deliver a spot-on performance worthy of an official release if it were available in pro quality.
I agree, this show is every bit as good as the 9/4/70. 9/6/70 and 9/19/70 shows. It is not as well recorded as the 9/4 show, but Robert sounds better and the whole show is amazing. I wish Page would put out an official live release for each year of Zep!
Day 91: 11/16/1971 Ipswich, England
Day 90: 11/13/1971 Dundee, Scotland
Day 89: 11/11/1971 Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, England
Day 88: 9/29/1971 Osaka, Japan
Day 86: 9/27/1971 Hiroshima, Japan
Day 85: 9/24/1971 Tokyo, Japan
Day 83: 9/14/1971 Berkeley, CA
Day 81: 9/11/1971 Rochester, NY
Day 80: 9/9/1971 Hampton, VA
Day 79: 9/6/1971 Boston, MA
Day 78: 9/4/1971 Toronto, Ontario
Day 77: 9/3/1971 New York, NY
Day 76: 8/31/1971 Orlando, FL
Day 75: 8/23/1971 Fort Worth, TX
Day 74: 8/22/1971 Los Angeles, CA
Day 72: 8/7/1971 Montreux, Switzerland
Day 72: 7/5/1971 Milan, Italy
Day 71: 5/3/1971 Copenhagen, Denmark
Day 69: 3/6/1971 Dublin, Ireland
Day 68: 3/5/1971 Belfast, Ireland
Day 67: 9/19/1970 (evening) New York, NY
Day 66: 9/19/1970 (afternoon) New York, NY
Day 64: 9/6/1970 Honolulu, HI
Day 63: 9/4/1970 Los Angeles, CA
Day 62: 9/3/1970 San Diego, CA
Month Three: March 2008
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Back On Murder by J. Mark Betrand
This week, the
Christian Fiction Blog Alliance
is introducing
Back On Murder Bethany House (July 1, 2010)
by J. Mark Betrand
J. Mark Bertrand has an MFA in Creative Writing from the University of Houston. After one hurricane too many, he left Houston and relocated with his wife Laurie to the plains of South Dakota.
Mark has been arrested for a crime he didn't commit, was the foreman of a hung jury in Houston, and after relocating served on the jury that acquitted Vinnie Jones of assault. In 1972, he won an honorable mention in a child modeling contest, but pursued writing instead. Besides his personal website, visit his Crime Genre website at http://www.crimegenre.com/.
The next book in this series, Pattern Of Wounds will come out in the summer of 2011.
Det. Roland March is a homicide cop on his way out.
A missing girl. A corrupt investigation. They thought they could get away with it, but they forgot one thing:
Roland March is BACK ON MURDER...
Houston homicide detective Roland March was once one of the best. Now he's disillusioned, cynical, and on his way out. His superiors farm him out on a variety of punishment details. But when he's the only one at a crime scene to find evidence of a missing female victim, he's given one last chance to prove himself. Before he can crack the case, he's transferred to a new one that has grabbed the spotlight--the disappearance of a famous Houston evangelist's teen daughter.
All he has to do? Find the missing teenage daughter of a Houston evangelist that every cop in town is already looking for. But March has an inside track, a multiple murder nobody else thinks is connected. With the help of a youth pastor with a guilty conscience who navigates the world of church and faith, March is determined to find the missing girls while proving he's still one of Houston's best detectives.
Battling a new partner, an old nemesis, and the demons of his past, getting to the truth could cost March everything. Even his life.
If you would like to read the first chapter of Back On Murder, go HERE.
Read More In: Back On Murder by J. Mark Betrand, CFBA book tour
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Richard Chase - The Vampire of Sacramento
The “Vampire of Sacramento”, Richard Chase, killed six people in the span of one month, cannibalizing their remains, having sex with their dead bodies, and drinking their blood.
The warning signs were there from when he was a child, but Chase’s mother chose to ignore them...
The Vampire of Sacramento
Warning: This article is graphic and reader discretion is advised. It is full of sexual content, cannibalism, murder and just about every other vial thing you can imagine. This man was completely deranged.
A younger Richard Chase.
On 23 May, 1950, Richard Trenton Chase was born into a strict household. He was physically abused by his father, and a text book serial killer, in that his youth saw him drinking, starting fires, and killing/mutilating animals.
As a teenager, Chase was not unknown to the ladies, and did have girlfriends, but he couldn’t maintain a relationship because of his erectile dysfunctions. During a consultation with a psychiatrist, it came to light that he could not become aroused around ladies, and the cause of this was probably repressed rage or a mental illness. You’d think being told something like this would make him seek further help, but he didn’t, because he already knew that it was only through violent acts, such as mutilating animals and having sex with dead things, that he was able to achieve sexual release.
Chase’s delusions increased, and he began accusing his mother of attempting to poison him, and thus kill him. It was his increased aggravation with his mother that drove his father to purchase a unit for Chase, and move him in to it. Living on his own, Chase could get up to all kinds of things, such as capturing, killing and disembowelling all manner of animals, putting their entrails into a blender and eating them raw. He told himself that by doing this, he was preventing his heart from shrinking. In his sick mind, his heart was on the way out, shrinking to oblivion – and once it was so small it would disappear, he would die.
Richard Chase.
Chase’s delusions grew, and in 1975 he went so far as to inject a rabbit’s blood into his veins, which caused blood poisoning. The hospital referred him to a mental institution, and he was committed. He managed to escape, fleeing to his mother’s house, but was captured, and this time sent to an institution for the criminally insane. The staff at this institution nicknamed him “Dracula” when they once found him covered in blood. He had managed to capture two birds through the bars of his window – snapping their necks and sucking out their blood.
During his time at this institution he was prescribed a medley of medication, which turned him into a walking zombie. When he was so timid that he could hardly talk, he was released back into the custody of his parents, but his mother wanted her son back, so crazily weaned him off the antischizophrenic medication that was the only thing keeping him from doing what he would eventually do....
Before long, Chase was back to his old tricks of killing, mutilating and eating stray animals, such as dogs and cats. He also developed a macabre fascination with firearms, and bought himself several handguns, practicing his shooting in an obsessive capacity. His delusions started to turn towards a conspiracy which had him believing that Nazi’s (or perhaps UFOs) were storing poison under his soap dish in order to kill him, by turning his blood into powder... he also believed that the same thing was happening to the serial killer known as the Hillside Strangler.
Chase’s mental declination saw him lose all vestige of personal hygiene. He did not bathe, brush his teeth, and rarely ate, which resulted in him losing a vast amount of weight. One day he rang his mother’s doorbell, and when she opened the door, he was standing on her doorstep with a cat in his hands. As she watched he bit into the stomach of the cat and smeared its blood all over his face. His mother did not report this, she simply closed the door.
I could go on and on with all of the depraved acts Chase performed in relation to animals, but instead we will move on to the humans who were his victims.
22 month old David Ferreira's body was discovered in this box.
Chase killed his first victim as a ‘warm up’ for what he had planned in the future. On 29 December, 1977, 51 year old Ambrose Griffin, an engineer and father of two, was helping his wife unpack her car, when Chase drove by and shot him, fleeing the scene.
On 11 January, 1978, Chase broke into the house to David and Teresa Wallin. David was at work, and Teresa, who was three months pregnant at the time, was home alone. Chase killed Teresa by shooting her three times. It was what he did next that was really shocking. Teresa’s body, after being brutally murdered, was then desecrated further by Chase having sex with it, mutilating it, and then bathing himself in her blood.
On 27 January, that same year, Chase entered the home of 38 year old Evelyn Miroth. Inside the house he found Evelyn’s neighbour Don Meredith, who he fatally shot at point blank range. He stole Don’s wallet and keys, before coming across Evelyn’s 6 year old son Jason who had fled into her bedroom at the sound. Chase ran after him, and on the way he shot Evelyn’s 22 month old nephew David in the head, and eventually caught up with Jason too, shooting him at point blank range.
He found Evelyn in the bathroom, having a bath. He shot her once in the head, killing her instantly. He dragged her body to the bed, sliced her open in various places in order to drink her blood, and sodomized her.
He did many other things to these bodies which I won’t go into, but it got much, much worse.
He was disturbed by a knock on the door, so he grabbed the body of the little 22 month baby and fled, driving Don’s car away from the scene. When he returned to his house, he mutilated and consumed the body of the baby, before dumping it in the grounds of a nearby church.
The Richard Chase blender...
Five days after this horrendous mass-murder, Chase was on the FBI’s radar. The police went to visit him, but he refused to open the door and speak with them. They hid outside his apartment, and eventually he emerged, and they arrested him. On his person he had Dan Meredith’s wallet, as well as a box which contained bloody wallpaper and a gun covered in blood. When the police searched his apartment they found that blood was soaked over everything, and that the blender he used to make ‘smoothies’ out of the remains of people and animals, was caked with coagulated blood and internal organs. The fridge contained some internal organs of Evelyn Miroth and Teresa Wallin, and the little boy David’s brains in a Tupperware container. He was well and truly caught.
He was found guilty of six counts of first degree murder, and sentenced to die in the gas chamber. Due to his completely psychotic nature, he was even feared in prison. On 26 December 1980, a guard doing the rounds found Chase dead in his cell. An autopsy found that he had overdosed himself on prison issued antidepressant medication – a much gentler death than he deserved.
By Peet Banks 2014
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Suburban America
Demographic Changes Dooming The Republican Party Future
November 21, 2020 Ronald 2 Comments
The Republican Party has lost the popular vote in seven of the last eight Presidential elections, ever since 1992, except for 2004.
The suburbs, and particularly suburban women, are leaving the Republican Party in droves, and racial minorities are increasing rapidly as part of the voting population, despite attempts to suppress it.
At the rate the situation is changing, once Texas goes to the Democrats in the race for the White House, likely in 2024, but certainly in 2028, the Republican Party will never be able to win the Presidency again without changing their views.
The Republican Party must stop its anti immigrant and racist and misogynist policies, as white male America, much of it rural in nature and non college educated, is not the future of the nation.
So demography, along with education affecting the future, rapidly changing before our eyes, America will never be what it was a half century or more ago!
News and Politics Democratic Party, Demography, education, Miosogyny, National Popular Vote, Nativism, Non College Educated, Presidential Election Of 2004, Presidential Election Of 2024, Presidential Election Of 2028, Presidential Elections, Racism, Republican Party, Rural America, Suburban America, Suburban Women, Texas, White Male America
Rick Santorum And Rural America Vs Mitt Romney And Suburban America
February 29, 2012 Ronald Leave a comment
Tonight’s results in Michigan and Arizona preserved Mitt Romney’s lead, and edge in the battle for the Republican Presidential nomination.
But Romney did not knock Santorum out of the box, as the saying goes. Super Tuesday next week has the potential to assist Santorum in his battle promoting social conservatism.
And the new realization is that Santorum appeals to rural areas, which tend to wish for the past of America, when cities and suburbs were not so highly developed and influential.
Rick Santorum proved in the Michigan Primary that he could win the land and the rural areas, while Romney won the suburbs, although most urban areas are heavily Democratic.
It brings back memories of the struggle between urban and rural America that became most evident in the Presidential Election of 1896 (William McKinley vs. William Jennings Bryan) and the Presidential Election of 1928 (Al Smith vs, Herbert Hoover).
It is also the battle nationally, as the “heartland” is heavily rural and Republican, and the coastlines, highly urbanized and suburban areas, are Democratic.
This election is really a battle to move into the future, or to move backwards to the nostalgia of the past, and the future is the only sensible choice!
News and Politics Al Smith, Arizona Primary, Democratic Party, Herbert Hoover, Michigan Primary, Mitt Romney, Presidential Election Of 1896, Presidential Election Of 1928, Presidential Election of 2012, Republican Party, Rick Santorum, Rural America, Social Conservatism, Suburban America, Super Tuesday, Urban America, William Jennings Bryan, William McKinley
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Novels / Novellas
Patricia Wildman
The Evil in Pemberley House (with Philip José Farmer), Subterranean Press, 2009; Meteor House, 2014.
The Scarlet Jaguar, Meteor House, July 2013.
The Wold Newton Origins series
"Is He in Hell?" in The Worlds of Philip José Farmer 1: Protean Dimensions by Michael Croteau (ed.) (Meteor House, 2010)
"The Wild Huntsman" in The Worlds of Philip José Farmer 3: Portraits of a Trickster by Michael Croteau (ed.) (Meteor House, 2012); Tales of the Wold Newton Universe by Win Scott Eckert and Christopher Paul Carey (eds.) (Titan Books, 2013)
"The Shades of Pemberley, Parts I & II" in Farmerphile: The Magazine of Philip José Farmer Nos. 8-9 by Christopher Paul Carey and Paul Spiteri (eds.) (April, July 2007)
Excerpt from the novel The Evil in Pemberley House (with Philip José Farmer) in Farmerphile: The Magazine of Philip José Farmer no. 14 by Paul Spiteri and Win Scott Eckert (eds.) (October 2008)
Myths for the Modern Age: Philip José Farmer’s Wold Newton Universe, editor and author, MonkeyBrain Books, November 2005.
"Introduction: Myths for the Modern Age: Farmer’s Wold Newton Family and Shared Universe" in Myths for the Modern Age (2005)
"Who's Going to Take Over the World When I'm Gone?: A Look at the Genealogies of Wold Newton Family Super-Villains and Their Nemeses" in Myths for the Modern Age (2005)
Creative Mythography: "A Nova of Genetic Splendor." in Farmerphile: The Magazine of Philip José Farmer No. 1, Christopher Paul Carey and Paul Spiteri (eds.) July 2005.
Creative Mythography: "Six Degrees of Philip José Farmer." in Farmerphile: The Magazine of Philip José Farmer No. 2, Christopher Paul Carey and Paul Spiteri (eds.) October 2005.
Creative Mythography: "How He Avoided Publicity, Part II." in Farmerphile: The Magazine of Philip José Farmer No. 3, Christopher Paul Carey and Paul Spiteri (eds.) January 2006.
"Foreword" to Tarzan Alive: A Definitive Biography of Lord Greystoke by Philip José Farmer (Bison Frontiers of Imagination, April 2006)
Reprinted as "Philip José Farmer's Tarzan Alive" in Burroughs Bulletin New Series No. 81, George T. McWhorter (ed.) Winter 2010
Creative Mythography: "Ouroboros, Part I." in Farmerphile: The Magazine of Philip José Farmer No. 4, Christopher Paul Carey and Paul Spiteri (eds.) April 2006.
Creative Mythography: "Ouroboros, Part II." in Farmerphile: The Magazine of Philip José Farmer No. 5, Christopher Paul Carey and Paul Spiteri (eds.) July 2006.
Creative Mythography: "Doc Wildman: Out of Time." in Farmerphile: The Magazine of Philip José Farmer No. 6, Christopher Paul Carey and Paul Spiteri (eds.) October 2006.
Creative Mythography: "This Peoria Earth." in Farmerphile: The Magazine of Philip José Farmer No. 10, Paul Spiteri and Win Scott Eckert (eds.) October 2007.
Creative Mythography: "Trunks and Branches: The Wold Newton Family." in Farmerphile: The Magazine of Philip José Farmer No. 11, Paul Spiteri and Win Scott Eckert (eds.)January 2008.
Creative Mythography: "The Farmerian Holmes." in Farmerphile: The Magazine of Philip José Farmer No. 12, Paul Spiteri and Win Scott Eckert (eds.) April 2008.
Creative Mythography: "Sahhindar through the Centuries." in Farmerphile: The Magazine of Philip José Farmer No. 13, Paul Spiteri and Win Scott Eckert (eds.) July 2008 (with Dennis E. Power).
Creative Mythography: "Excessively Diverted, or, Coming to Pemberley." in Farmerphile: The Magazine of Philip José Farmer No. 14, Paul Spiteri and Win Scott Eckert (eds.) October 2008.
Creative Mythography: "Philip José Farmer in the Wold Newton Family." in Farmerphile: The Magazine of Philip José Farmer No. 15, Paul Spiteri and Win Scott Eckert (eds.) January 2009.
"The Blakeney Family Tree" in The Worlds of Philip José Farmer 1: Protean Dimensions by Michael Croteau (ed.) (Meteor House, June 2010)
"Afterword" to The Peerless Peer by Philip José Farmer (Titan Books, June 2011)
"Only a Coincidence: Phileas Fogg, Philip José Farmer, and the Wold Newton Family" in The Other Log of Phileas Fogg by Philip José Farmer (Titan Books, May 2012)
"A Chronology of Major Events Pertinent to The Other Log of Phileas Fogg" in The Other Log of Phileas Fogg by Philip José Farmer (Titan Books, May 2012)
"Gribardsun through the Ages: A Chronology of Major Events Pertinent to Time’s Last Gift" (with Dennis E. Power) in Time's Last Gift by Philip José Farmer (Titan Books, June 2012)
"A Tale of Two Universes" in Lord of the Trees by Philip José Farmer (Titan Books, November 2012)
"A Feast Revealed: A Chronology of Major Events Pertinent to Philip José Farmer’s Secrets of the Nine Series" in The Mad Goblin by Philip José Farmer (Titan Books, June 2013)
"Book of Magic" in Doc Savage: His Apocalyptic Life by Philip José Farmer (Meteor House / Altus Press, July 2013)
"The Wold Newton Tales of Philip José Farmer" (with Christopher Paul Carey) in Tales of the Wold Newton Universe by Philip José Farmer and others, (Titan Books, October 2013)
"Daughter S̵o̵n̵ of Savage: A Wild Woman?" in The Bronze Gazette No. 79, Chuck Welch (ed.) Summer 2017
"Editor's Introduction" to Tarzan and the Dark Heart of Time by Philip José Farmer (Meteor House, July 2018)
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June 30 th 2006 1 Comment
Flash: Books Make Profit!
by Simon Fodden
More posts by Simon »
Revenues in Canada’s book publishing industry exceeded $2 billion in 2004, and foreign-controlled companies accounted for almost half of the industry revenues, according to the latest data from a survey of book publishers.
In fact, 19 foreign-controlled publishers, who represented less than 6% of all companies surveyed, accounted for 47% of total revenues for the book publishers surveyed in 2004.
In total, the 330 book publishers covered by the survey had revenues of more than $2 billion in 2004, up 12.5% from 2000. The 19 foreign-controlled book publishers alone had revenues of $949 million.
In terms of revenue from book sales in Canada, the share held by foreign-controlled publishers was even higher. Their revenues from Canadian book sales reached $808 million in 2004, 59% of the total of almost $1.4 billion.
Book publishers had a total industry profit of $235 million in 2004, for a profit margin of 10.9%. In both 1998 and 2000 the profit margin was 11.1%. Of the book publishers surveyed in 2004, 62% made a profit.
The Daily, Friday, June 30, 2006. Book publishers
It’s hard to disaggregate some of these figures (though there’s a decent chart on the Daily page), but law books would fall into the “other” category“”This includes scholarly, reference, professional and technical books.“, which books earned $196,538,000 from sales in Canada. Over 61% of all concerns made a profit, having a before-tax profit marginoperating revenue minus other expenses, expressed as a percentage of operating revenue of 12.9%.
Of interest:
The book publishing industry has low labour costs because many publishers use contract staff for services such as editing and design. Of the book publishing companies surveyed, one-fifth of the personnel were contract workers.
« Previous: Classification Scheme – All the Small Things Next: The Paperless Lawyer-Speaker: Dominic Jaar »
Ah the old nationalist canard in Canadian publishing. The bad old foreign houses have a robust publishing programme focussed on finding, nurturing and publishing Canadian talent. If one looks at what Penguin Canada, Doubleday and latterly Random House have done for Canadian talent, one can see that it’s not quite as black and white as it might appear from reading the reports from the DCH, where the’re regarded as either villains or tolerated interlopers.
The fact remains that despite Avie Bennett’s noble efforts (and Jack McLelland’s marketing savvy) M&S would simply not exist if it wasn’t for the Bertellsmann connection. The collapse of Stoddart was caused by many things, but not by lack of government support for Canadian publishing. See http://www.dooneyscafe.com/print.php?sid=165
No the problems come because of a distribution system that permits massive amounts of inventory to be carried on a consignment basis. Returns have been running at astronomical levels. And the consolidation at the retail level, the margins that Chapters/Indigo have insisted on, and slow payments by the retail/wholesale distribution chain on accounts payable have done more to damage Canadian publishing than any foreign initiatives.
As for professional publishing – and in particular law books – print runs are much smaller (and increasingly done on a job basis as orders are received), marketing expenses are virtually non-existent and consignment returns are unknown. No Chapters/Indigo bottleneck.
[Lest some legal publisher tell me that they do market, they don’t do anything in comparison with the expense of the Canadian Book Expo, author tours or half page ads in the Book Section of the Saturday Globe.
It’s a much more robust economic model, but the print-runs are so low, that prices are high. There is virtually no price resistance in the same way that there is with trade.
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October 31 st 2021 Comment
Summaries Sunday: Supreme Advocacy
More posts by Administrator »
One Sunday each month we bring you a summary from Supreme Advocacy LLP of recent decisions at the Supreme Court of Canada. Supreme Advocacy LLP offers a weekly electronic newsletter, Supreme Advocacy Letter, to which you may subscribe. It’s a summary of all Appeals, Oral Judgments and Leaves to Appeal granted from August 20 to October 20, 2021 inclusive.
Courts/Media: Publication Bans
Canadian Broadcasting Corp. v. Manitoba, 2019 MBCA 122, 2021 SCC 33 (38992)
The Court of Appeal here had ordered a continuing publication ban in its judgment on the merits without a hearing to determine whether the open court principle is limited in the circumstances; they should instead have considered whether it was appropriate to set aside its publication ban on motion by the CBC. The matter is remanded to the Court of Appeal to decide the CBC’s motion; that court is best placed to decide the discretionary and fact‑specific issues raised. The Court of Appeal’s interpretation of functus officio was unnecessary to protect the values of finality and orderly appellate review, and instead had an adverse impact on the opportunity of the media to make representation; the better view is that the Court of Appeal retained jurisdiction to oversee its record even after the certificate of decision in the underlying proceeding on the merits was entered.
Constitutional Law/Elections: Municipal Law; Unwritten Constitutional Principles
Toronto (City) v. Ontario (Attorney General), 2018 ONCA 761, 2021 SCC 34 (38921)
The issue here is whether and how the Constitution of Canada restrains a provincial legislature from changing the conditions by and under which campaigns for elected municipal councils are conducted. The province acted constitutionally here. There was no substantial interference with the claimants’ freedom of expression and thus no limitation of s. 2 (b). Nor did the Act otherwise violate the Constitution.
Criminal Law: Self-defence
R. v. Khill, 2020 ONCA 151, 2021 SCC 37 (39112)
In March 2013, Parliament’s redesigned Criminal Code provisions on self-defence came into force. These changes not only expanded the offences and situations to which self-defence could apply, but also afforded an unprecedented degree of flexibility to the trier of fact. This flexibility is most obviously expressed by the requirement to assess the reasonableness of the accused’s response by reference to a non-exhaustive list of factors, one of which is “the person’s role in the incident”. Herein, this jury was not instructed to consider the effect of Mr. Khill’s role in this incident on the reasonableness of his response; this was an error of law that had a material bearing on the jury’s verdict. The ultimate question is whether the act that constitutes the criminal charge was reasonable in the circumstances. Fact finders must take into account the extent to which the accused played a role in bringing about the conflict or sought to avoid it; they need to consider whether the accused’s conduct throughout the incident sheds light on the nature and extent of the accused’s responsibility for the final confrontation that culminated in the act giving rise to the charge.
Contracts: Non-liability Clauses
6362222 Canada inc. v. Prelco inc., 2019 QCCA 1457, 2021 SCC 39 (38904)
Createch breached its fundamental obligation under the contract, namely to inquire into Prelco’s specific operating needs and requirements and to propose an approach to implementing an integrated management system that would be capable of satisfying them. Although the Court of Appeal was right to refer to public order and absence of a cause in support of its analysis of the validity of the clause at issue, the appeal should be allowed. Neither of the legal bases for the doctrine suffices to negate the non-liability clause to which the parties freely consented, as neither public order nor the non existence of the obligation can be successfully argued here. The clause should be found to be valid despite the breach of a fundamental obligation alleged against Createch. In summary, given that neither of the bases for the doctrine of breach of a fundamental obligation applies and that none of the respondent’s arguments are accepted, the trial judge and the Court of Appeal erred in law in finding that the limitation of liability clause was inoperative; that clause is not ambiguous, and the trial judge could not annul it; the will of the parties had to be respected.
Leaves to Appeal Granted
Criminal Law: Voyeurism
M. v. R., 2020 CACM 8 (39543)
There is a publication ban in this case, as well as a sealing order, in the context of alleged voyeurism by a military force’s member against another member. Extraterritoriality of the Charter.
Transportation Law: Disclosure re Accidents
Transportation Safety Board of Canada v. Carroll-Byrne, et al., 2021 NSCA 34 (39661)
Disclosure of materials following an air crash.
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CHILD GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND LEARNING* 2 HOURS * LEVEL 2
Advocate for the Autism Community
The following video features Temple Grandin, a world-renowned author and professor. She is a spokesperson and advocate for the autism community.
Note: The full length Temple Grandin video is available from Amazon. Biopic of Temple Grandin, an autistic woman who overcame the limitations imposed on her by her condition to become a Ph.D. and expert in the field of animal husbandry. She developed an interest in cattle early in life while spending time at her Aunt and Uncle's ranch. She did not speak until age four and had difficulty right through high school, mostly in dealing with people. Her mother was very supportive as were some of her teachers. She is noted for creating her "hug box", widely recognized today as a way of relieving stress in autistic children, and her humane design for the treatment of cattle in processing plants, which have been the subject of several books and won an award from PETA. Today, she is a professor at Colorado State University and well-known speaker on autism and animal handling.
Video: What it feels like to be autistic
Click here to watch this video on YouTube
Click here to report problems with this video.
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You might enjoy this from Col. D. G. Swinford, USMC, Ret and history buff. You would really have to dig deep to get this kind of ringside seat to history:
1. The first German serviceman killed in WW II was killed by the Japanese (China, 1937), the first American serviceman killed was killed by the Russians (Finland 1940); highest ranking American killed was Lt. Gen. Lesley McNair, killed by the US Army Air Corps.
2. The youngest US serviceman was 12 year old Calvin Graham, USN. He was wounded and given a Dishonorable Discharge for lying about his age. His benefits were later restored by act of Congress.
3. At the time of Pearl Harbor, the top US Navy command was called CINCUS (pronounced 'sink us'), the shoulder patch of the US Army's 45th Infantry division was the Swastika, and Hitler's private train was named 'Amerika.' All three were soon changed for PR purposes.
4. More US servicemen died in the Air Corps than the Marine Corps. While completing the required 30 missions, your chance of being killed was 71%.
5. Generally speaking, there was no such thing as an average fighter pilot. You were either an ace or a target. For instance, Japanese Ace Hiroyoshi Nishizawa shot down over 80 planes. He died while a passenger on a cargo plane.
6. It was a common practice on fighter planes to load every 5th round with a tracer round to aid in aiming. This was a mistake. Tracers had different ballistics so (at long range) if your tracers were hitting the target 80% of your rounds were missing. Worse yet tracers instantly told your enemy he was under fire and from which direction. Worst of all was the practice of loading a string of tracers at the end of the belt to tell you that you were out of ammo. This was definitely not something you wanted to tell the enemy. Units that stopped using tracers saw their success rate nearly double and their loss rate go down.
YOU'VE GOT TO LOVE THIS ONE........
7. When allied armies reached the Rhine, the first thing men did was pee in it. This was pretty universal from the lowest private to Winston Churchill (who made a big show of it) and Gen. Patton (who had himself photographed in the act).
8. German Me-264 bombers were capable of bombing New York City, but they decided it wasn't worth the effort.
9. German submarine U-120 was sunk by a malfunctioning toilet.
10. Among the first 'Germans' captured at Normandy were several Koreans. They had been forced to fight for the Japanese Army until they were captured by the Russians and forced to fight for the Russian Army until they were captured by the Germans and forced to fight for the German Army until they were captured by the US Army.
11. Following a massive naval bombardment, 35,000 United States and Canadian troops stormed ashore at Kiska, in the Aleutian Islands. 21 troops were killed in the assault on the island. It could have been worse if there had been any Japanese on the island.
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Dear Traditional Media: Do Better by All of Us on Build Back Better
— from Daiily Kos
A large group of advocacy organizations has penned an open letter to “Reporters, Editors, Producers, and Anchors” pleading with them to actually try to inform the public about the Build Back Better plan. They are very polite about it, acknowledging that it’s a difficult thing to do. “The omnibus nature of this bill and the policies therein present many challenges to newsrooms hoping to present a clear understanding of its contents and potential impacts on your readers, your communities, and the economy at large,” the groups, spearheaded by the National Women’s Law Center, write.
But doing so is essential, they say because the “role of federal programs supporting and investing in families remains heavily stigmatized.” They point out that the stigma is against women and against people of color, and that that ”fuels misinformation and misrepresentation about who benefits from public programs.” Despite the fact that the majority of the bill is focused on ameliorating the effects of climate change, and on creating jobs, and that the programs in it help individuals and families at all income levels (excepting the very rich), the traditional media persists in calling it a “safety net” bill.
“As a matter of clarity, we request that in your future coverage of the Build Back Better Act, you more directly describe what is in the legislation, i.e. child care, pre-kindergarten, paid family/medical leave, home- and community-based services, and more,” the groups write and then include a helpful list of the provisions included, to which media is pointedly referred.
“Consider,” they write, “that the care provisions in the BBBA would:”
Boost businesses and our economy, creating much-needed jobs while also lowering household expenses for working families.
Help parents to find and afford high-quality child care so that the 2 million women who are still out of the workforce have real, affordable care options to support their return.
Allow people to stay attached to the labor force when they have a new baby or a serious health crisis strikes through use of paid family/medical leave.
Expand home- and community-based care for people with disabilities and older adults so that family caregivers can stay in the jobs they need to support their families.
The traditional media has yet to comply with the request, continuing to characterize it, like CNBC does, as a “sprawling social spending bill.” The leap from “social spending” to “social safety net” is an easy one to make, and the failure of most major media outlets to talk about the full scope of the bill and what it would do to promote economic stabilization and stimulus—as well as start to future-proof infrastructure for climate change—makes it that much easier for opponents to dismiss it and keep the focus on the dollar figure.
That’s made even harder when you’ve got conservative Democrats like Rep. Abigail Spanberger, Sen. Joe Manchin, and Sen. Kyrsten Sinema out there giving fodder to Republicans and perpetuating the idea that this bill won’t improve the lives of the majority of their constituents.
In fact, look at that headline from the CNN Sinema interview: “Exclusive: Sinema won’t commit to voting for Biden’s sweeping social safety net expansion.” That allows her to take an extremely corporatist position on the bill. “I won’t support any legislation that increases burdens on Arizona or American businesses and reduces our ability to compete either domestically or globally,” she said. “That’s one of the reasons I said I wasn’t able to support a $3.5 trillion bill.” Never mind that it helps individual people, and that the corporations can afford the taxes the bill would have raised.
Then, to acknowledge that there are individual people and families involved here, she goes to the same trope against which economists have been arguing for weeks: It would raise inflation. “Inflation is a real problem in our country right now,” she said, adding, “I want to make sure that if we are crafting legislation, we are doing it in a lean and efficient way that is fiscally responsible and doesn’t impact things like inflation or make our businesses less competitive.”
What extending the child tax credits to young families and providing paid leave and providing child care and universal pre-K does is relieve burdens on people who are having to pay more for essentials because of inflation caused by the pandemic and all the production and supply chain issues it created. That’s something else that’s been missing from an awful lot of reporting—something that CNN certainly didn’t press Sinema on in that interview.
The disservice this does to President Joe Biden, to fellow Democrats, to Sinema’s constituents, and all Americans is incalculable. And infuriating. It leaves the hard work of informing America about what the bill can do for them on us, their fellow Americans who have to do this heavy lifting of not just figuring it out for ourselves, but telling our friends and family.
A lifelong Blue girl in a Red state, I’m now Senior Political Writer for Daily Kos. On any given day, I’d rather be horseback, but there’s more demand for political writers than cowgirls.
BuildDearmediatraditional
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6 New Things We’ve Learned About BLACKPINK’s Rosé In 2021
New behind the scenes stories and fun facts.
We’re only halfway through 2021, but we’ve already learned many new things about BLACKPINK‘s Rosé this year. Check out these 6 interesting facts!
1. Her first impressions
Rosé told Rolling Stone her first impression of each BLACKPINK member. Back when she joined YG Entertainment in 2012, Jennie helped Rosé learn the basics of choreography and Korea’s cultural customs.
Jennie and Rosé
[Jennie] was like, ‘In Korea, you have to do this. You have to call people like this and that.’ She was letting me know about all these cultures that I thought I knew about, but I obviously didn’t. That was her.
— Jennie
Lisa was the first member Rosé met. Rosé recalled bonding with Lisa over their shared experiences; they had both traveled far from home to join YG Entertainment.
Lisa and Rosé
Rosé’s first impression of Jisoo was that she was a “cool kid.” She recalled Jisoo’s snapback hat and her oversized black shirt.
Rosé and Jisoo
2. Her favorite city
In an interview with Tatler, Rosé said her favorite city is New York. Its bustling urban life amazed her when she visited for the first time.
| Tiffany & Co.
My favorite city has got to be New York City. When I visited New York for the first time, I was absolutely star-struck and blown away at all the tall buildings and busy streets.
— Rosé
She also loves New York because it’s the backdrop for her favorite movies.
| @roses_are_rosie/Instagram
I hadn’t noticed that all of my favorite movies were based in New York until I was right there. It was the city that I had fallen in love with in the movies.
3. Her wish
In a live broadcast, Rosé was asked, “What’s your first part-time job?” Since Rosé became a trainee at a young age, she has never had a part-time job.
Rosé told fans that she wishes she could try working as a part-time server at a cafe.
4. What she misses about Australia
On the Australian show The Project, Rosé said she misses the Australian lifestyle. The suburb of Bulleen, where she lived in Australia, is much quieter than Seoul.
There are so many things that I do miss about Australia. I think there’s quite a lot of things that I may have taken for granted. Maybe just the lifestyle. [. . .] I really just miss the quietness, and I don’t know… The whole lifestyle was very relaxed.
5. The musical instrument she wants to learn
In an interview, Rosé said she can play the piano and guitar. At the time of the interview, she had recently tried playing the harmonica. It’s an instrument she would like to get better at playing.
| APRÈS 0129/YouTube
Not long ago, I tried playing the harmonica. I attempted it during an interview, but it was very difficult. It is a lot more difficult than I had thought. The sound is… anyways, I want to learn it. I will work hard to learn it. I will try practicing it.
6. The reason why she cried in Thailand
On SBS‘s variety show My Little Old Boy, Rosé recalled the bean sprouts she ordered in Thailand, gushing over how “fresh,” “thick,” and “crunchy” they were.
| SBS NOW / SBS 공식 채널/YouTube
They were the tastiest bean sprouts I’ve ever had.
“When I eat good food,” she said. “I get quite emotional sometimes.” Long story short, the bean sprouts were amazing enough to bring tears to her eyes!
I couldn’t stop my tears from running down because those bean sprouts were just too good.
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CNBLUE rocks the house with amazing performances in Hong Kong
CNBLUE treated fans in Hong Kong with two amazing concert performances as part of the group’s 2015 CNBLUE LIVE [COME TOGETHER] tour.
Already highly anticipated by the fans as soon as the dates were announced, the concerts became even more special when it was announced that due to a scheduling conflict, CNBLUE will no longer attend 2015 Mnet Asian Music Awards (MAMA), to be held in Hong Kong on December 2nd, despite being previously confirmed as a guest.
CNBLUE kicked off the shows with “Domino,” a song written by main vocalist Yonghwa for the group’s second full album 2gether. The band then followed up with classic songs such as “Loner,” “Can’t Stop,” and “I’m Sorry,” as well as other songs off of their recent album, including “Hide and Seek,” “Roller Coaster,” and “Cinderella.”
Besides getting the crowd going with amazing performances, members of the band also interacted with the fans using a mix of English and Cantonese, without the help of a translator. In particular, Yonghwa had no problems showing off his well-known crazy yet hilarious antics in a different language, constantly gathering laughter from the audience.
CNBLUE closed out the concerts with a three-song encore, performing “Try Again, Smile Again,” “Love Light,” and “Hold My Hand,” after promising the fans that they will return to the city next year.
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FNC Entertainment Girl Group Cherry Bullet Reportedly Applied For Mnet’s New Audition Program “Girls Planet 999”
Other girl group members also applied.
Members from FNC Entertainment‘s girl group Cherry Bullet have reportedly applied to join Mnet‘s new audition program Girls Planet 999.
According to an exclusive report from Ilgan Sports, the preliminary applications for Girls Planet 999 were held earlier in 2021, and some of the applicants included entertainment agency trainees and current girl group members. One of the girl groups revealed to have applied was Cherry Bullet. All applicants are still waiting for the final results to be announced.
| @cherrybullet/Twitter
Insiders in the broadcasting industry have revealed that production for Girls Planet 999 is currently behind schedule. This is due to the change that the production team implemented shortly after the announcement of the show. Initially, applications were due by February 21, but were extended to February 28. This may have been due to the low number of applicants, as only girls born in 1995 or earlier could apply, meaning only high schoolers and older were allowed the opportunity. This was changed to include girls born in 2006, which then included girls in their final year of middle school.
The production team planned to decide their final lineup in March, but no lineup has been determined yet still. It is however, expected to be finalized in mid-April. Recently, they have been speeding up their preparations for the broadcast, selecting their hair, makeup, and stylist teams for the broadcast. The production team aims to begin recording in June, and begin broadcasting by September at the latest.
Girls Planet 999 will be targeted at girls from Korea, China, and Japan who are aspiring to become an idol and stand on the global stage. The audition program will show the journey and process of the girls as they head towards their dreams of becoming an idol in Mnet’s new virtual world “Girls Planet”.
UNIVERSE, the global K-Pop platform that was launched by NCSoft, will be used by the show to offer various digital content as well as a voting platform, similar to how I-LAND used Weverse.
Source: Ilgan Sports
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[Dear Friend, I am writing on behalf of the 21 person US delegation to the World Conference Against Apartheid, Racism and Colonialism in Southern Africa, held June 16-19 in Lisbon, Portugal.]
List of Participants from the United States at the World Conference Against Apartheid, Racism, Colonialism in Southern Africa, Lisbon June 16-19, 1977
by Tony Monteiro
Type: Mailing
Coverage in Africa: Namibia, South Africa, Southern Africa, Zimbabwe, Africa
Coverage outside Africa: United States, Asia, Europe, Latin America, Portugal, United Nations
The mailing reports decisions of the anti-apartheid conference in Portugal and actions of the U.S. delegation to that meeting, which represented a cross-section of opinion calling for fundamental change in the policies of the U.S. government and corporations toward the racist regimes in Southern Africa. The conference represented the broadest assemblage ever to come together demanding action against apartheid, racism and colonialism. It was attended by over 400 delegates from some 75 countries, representing over 200 organizations and 20 international and UN bodies, as well as top leaders of the movements directing the struggles in Zimbabwe, Namibia and South Africa and delegates from all the African front-line states, the Organization of African Unity (OAU), the UN Decolonization Committee, and the UN Special Committee Against Apartheid. There were also representatives of political parties of Europe, Asia, and Latin America, including governing parties of Britain, Sweden, Portugal, Finland, Greece and Cyprus. The U.S. delegation calls for a week of national protest in August to commemorate South African Women’s Day and a national conference against racism and apartheid in the fall. The mailing includes List of U.S. participants, including Judith C. Bourne, National Conference of Black Lawyers; Mimi Edmunds, Southern Africa magazine collective (also known at the Southern Africa Committee (SAC); Judith Gold, Women for Economic and Racial Equality (WERE); Yvonne Golden, Bay Area World Peace Council; Paul Irish, American Committee on Africa (ACOA); Mel King, Massachusetts State Senator; Bernard Lee, Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC); M. Gail Lee, Medical Aid to Angola Committee; Jerry Legg, United Steelworkers of America member; Charlene Mitchell, National Alliance Against Racist and Political Repression (NAARPR); Anthony Monteiro, National Anti-Imperialist Movement in Solidarity with African Liberation (NAIMSAL); Ronelle Mustin, Chicago NAIMSAL; Michael Myerson, NAARPR; Jack O'Dell, Marie F. Horne, and Mary Pollack, People United to Save Humanity (PUSH); Sylvia Poitier, City Commissioner, Dearfield Beach, Florida; Rudy Schware, National Lawyers Guild (NLG); Mary Smith, Coalition of Black Trade Unionists (CBTU); Rick Sterling, Liberation Support Movement (LSM); David Stewart, International Longshoremen & Warehousemen's Union (ILWU) member; and Francis Williams, Los Angeles United Front for Justice in Southern Africa.
Collection: Vincent Klingler papers, Michigan State University Libraries Special Collections
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Sidney Poitier, Oscar-Winning Hollywood Legend, Dies at 94
Matt Singer Published: January 7, 2022
One of the most popular and influential figures in Hollywood history has died. Sidney Poitier became the first Black man to win the Academy Award for Best Actor as part of a career that spanned decades and made him an international star. The press secretary for the Prime Minister of the Bahamas, Clint Watson, confirmed to CNN that Poitier died on Thursday. No cause of death was given. Poitier was 94 years old.
Born in Miami but raised in the Bahamas, Poitier moved to New York City and then served in the Army during World War II by lying about his age. After the war, he began working in theater, and then debuted onscreen in 1950’s No Way Out. A few years later he gained wider fame as a troubled teenager in 1955’s Blackboard Jungle.
Poitier won his Oscar for Lilies of the Field, a 1963 movie about an itinerant worker who helps a group of nuns build a chapel.
By the mid-1960s, Poitier was one of the biggest stars in Hollywood, and he appeared in a string of critical and commercial hits — many exploring the issue of race in America — including The Defiant Ones, A Raisin in the Sun, A Patch of Blue, To Sir, with Love, and Guess Who’s Coming to Dinner. In 1967, Poitier starred in the year’s Best Picture winner, In the Heat of the Night. He played Philadelphia cop Virgil Tibbs, who gets involved in a case in Mississippi and the local (and racist) police chief, played by Rod Steiger. In addition to winning the Oscar for Best Picture, it turned the Tibbs into a franchise hero; Poitier played the role two more times over the next few years.
In the 1970s, Poitier moved into directing, first with the western Buck and the Preacher, and then a series of very successful buddy comedies where he co-starred with Bill Cosby, starting with 1974’s Uptown Saturday Night. In 1980, he had a major hit as a director with Stir Crazy, a prison comedy starring Richard Pryor and Gene Wilder. The film grossed over $100 million at the box office and became the third-biggest hit of 1980, behind only The Empire Strikes Back and 9 to 5.
In his later years Poitier continued acting — he has a memorable role in the ’90s cult favorite Sneakers — but also branched out into politics; from 1997 to 2007 he was the Bahamas’ ambassador to Japan, and also spent a time as the Bahamas’ ambassador to UNESCO. He also wrote multiple books and received a slew of honors for his contributions to the arts, including a knighthood from Queen Elizabeth, the Presidential Medal of Freedom, and a Kennedy Center Honor.
Poitier once said “if I'm remembered for having done a few good things, and if my presence here has sparked some good energies, that's plenty.” He will be remembered for having done far more than a few good things, and his presence on and offscreen sparked enormous positive energy throughout Hollywood and the entire world. He leaves behind an incredible legacy.
Our film critic ranks the 10 best films of the year.
Source: Sidney Poitier, Oscar-Winning Hollywood Legend, Dies at 94
Filed Under: Rip
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Israel's national library sees Arabic site traffic boom
The National Library of Israel says the number of visitors to its Arabic website more than doubled over the course of 2021, thanks to the digitization of its Arabic manuscripts and archives and an extensive outreach program in recent years
By ILAN BEN ZION Associated Press
On Location: January 14, 2022
Catch up on the developing stories making headlines.
JERUSALEM -- Israel's national library says the number of visitors to its Arabic website more than doubled last year, driven by a growing collection of digitized materials and an aggressive outreach campaign to the Arab world.
Around 650,000 users, predominantly from the Palestinian territories, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Jordan and Algeria, visited the National Library of Israel's English and Arabic sites in 2021, said library spokesman Zack Rothbart.
One of the most heavily trafficked resources on the Arabic website is a newspaper archive with more than 200,000 pages of Arabic publications from Ottoman and British Mandate Palestine, said Raquel Ukeles, head of the library’s collections.
“We have been working on outreach to the Arab world, into the Arabic speaking public here in Israel for over a decade, and we have slowly built up a rich set of resources on our websites," she said. They include the digital newspaper archives, manuscripts, posters, electronic books and music, she said. They are open access, allowing scholars and curious web browsers to visit.
The Jerusalem library is home to an extensive collection of Islamic and Arabic texts, including thousands of rare books and manuscripts in Arabic, Persian and Turkish ranging from the 9th to the 20th centuries.
“We’re in the midst of a project to digitize our entire collection, to scan all of our Arabic, Persian and Turkish manuscripts,” said Samuel Thrope, curator of the library’s Islam and Middle East Collection. “Ninety-five percent of it has already been completed.”
Among the jewels in the crown of the collection are a 9th-century Quran from modern-day Iran with the earliest known example of Persian written in the Arabic script; an illuminated manuscript from 17th century India with illustrations of the life of Alexander the Great; and a 16th century Ottoman Turkish text on ophthalmology.
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The Hundred Books You Should Read To Stay Up The Curve!
There is no friend as loyal as a book.
One advice. Pick up a book every day. Even for just a few pages. Every book is a quotation — of other books, of experience, of the humans and civilizations that came before it. How could you not expose yourself to this? And yes, you do have time! Meals, before bed, on the train, in the waiting room, even on your phone or desktop. Read a few pages, read a whole book, but make a real and unending commitment to reading.
Whenever you read a good book, somewhere in the world a door opens to allow in more light.
– Vera Nazarian
Because there is so much out there that you can benefit from Biographies. Little-known gems. Life-changers. Philosophy. Science Fiction & Fantasy. The classics. Self-improvement. Books about war. Fiction. Even marketing and business books.
All of these will widen your perspective, help you with problems, give you inspiration, and let you benefit from the accumulated wisdom and knowledge of the centuries.
1. Quitters Never Win: My Life in UFC ― The American Edition
With brand new material exclusive to this Updated American Edition, here―in his own words―is the story of the newest member of the Ultimate Fighting Championship Hall of Fame, Britain’s own Rocky Balboa, Michael Bisping
Featuring an entirely new chapter for U.S. readers, the story of his induction into the UFC Hall of Fame, fresh insights about his fighting career, never-before-told stories about his film and TV career, and a harrowing account of his fighting off attempted kidnappers while filming in South Africa, Quitters Never Win tells the incredible story of how he went from rough and humble beginnings and then on to a legendary mixed martial arts career capped by winning the Middleweight Championship in one of the greatest upsets in UFC history.
“If I quit the first time I tasted defeat, I wouldn’t be here now,” Bisping once said.
The ultimate UFC underdog, Bisping fought his way to Number One contender three times, only to be knocked back each time. But he refused to give in, clawing his way to his first World Title shot at the age of 37―and becoming the first-ever British UFC world champion.
Loaded with the humor and brutal honesty that first won him a following on the television show Ultimate Fighter 3, Bisping recounts his record-setting 13-year fight career battling the likes of Anderson Silva, Georges St-Pierre, and Dan Henderson.
The most engaging UFC color analyst in recent memory, and a budding film and television star, Bisping tells his story in a way that only he knows how.
2. LA Times Kobe Bryant
This commemorative special edition honoring basketball legend Kobe Bryant is divided into two sections: “Kobe Is Gone, Never to Be Forgotten,” which includes intimate coverage from the week of Bryant’s death, including appreciations of both Kobe and his daughter Gianna, as well as reporting on Kobe’s second act as a devoted family man, producer, businessman and his complicated legacy both on and off the court.
The next section, “Kobe as He Was, as He Always Will Be” collects expert and one-of-a-kind reporting from the Los Angeles Times archives that chronicle Kobe’s journey from rookie to All-Star, Olympic Gold Medalist and MVP. Throughout, with words and photos, fans will be reminded of how Kobe came to define Los Angeles, a city that embraced his ethos, even as he became a figure of huge international renown.
The coverage, which no one but the Los Angeles Times could deliver also looks at Kobe’s special relationship with his daughter Gianna, who, encouraged by Kobe, shared the same enthusiasm for basketball that he did. For anyone with the appreciation of basketball and Kobe’s deep contribution to it, this special edition is essential.
3. Play Hungry: The Making of a Baseball Player
The inside story of how Pete Rose became one of the greatest and most controversial players in the history of baseball
Pete Rose was a legend on the field. As baseball’s Hit King, he shattered records that were thought to be unbreakable. And during the 1970s, he was the leader of the Big Red Machine, the Cincinnati Reds team that dominated the game. But he’s also the greatest player who may never enter the Hall of Fame because of his lifetime ban from the sport. Perhaps no other ballplayer’s story is so representative of the triumphs and tragedies of our national pastime.
In Play Hungry, Rose tells us the story of how, through hard work and sheer will, he became one of the unlikeliest stars of the game. Guided by the dad he idolized, a local sports hero, Pete learned to play hard and always focus on winning.
But even with his dad’s guidance, Pete was cut from his team as a teenager — he wasn’t a natural. Rose was determined, though, and never would be satisfied with anything less than success. His relentless hustle and headfirst style would help him overcome his limitations, leading him to one of the most exciting and brash careers in the history of the sport.
Play Hungry is Pete Rose’s love letter to the game and an unvarnished story of life on the diamond. One of the icons of a golden age in baseball, he describes just what it was like to hit (or try to hit) a Bob Gibson fastball or a Gaylord Perry spitball, what happened in that infamous collision at home plate during the 1970 All-Star Game, and what it felt like to topple Ty Cobb’s hit record.
And he speaks to how he let down his fans, his teammates, and the memory of his dad when he gambled on baseball, breaking the rules of a sport that he loved more than anything else.
Told with candor and wry humor — including tales he’s never told before — Rose’s memoir is his final word on the glories and controversies of his life, and, ultimately, a master class in how to succeed when the odds are stacked against you.
4. The Unexpected Spy: From the CIA to the FBI, My Secret Life Taking Down Some of the World’s Most Notorious Terrorists
A highly entertaining account of a young woman who went straight from her college sorority to the CIA, where she hunted terrorists and WMDs
“A thrilling tale…Walder’s fast-paced and intense narrative opens a window into life in two of America’s major intelligence agencies” ―Publishers Weekly
When Tracy Walder enrolled at the University of Southern California, she never thought that one day she would offer her pink beanbag chair in the Delta Gamma house to a CIA recruiter, or that she’d fly to the Middle East under an alias identity.
The Unexpected Spy is the riveting story of Walder’s tenure in the CIA and, later, the FBI. In high-security, steel-walled rooms in Virginia, Walder watched al-Qaeda members with drones as President Bush looked over her shoulder and CIA Director George Tenet brought her donuts. She tracked chemical terrorists and searched the world for Weapons of Mass Destruction. She created a chemical terror chart that someone in the White House altered to convey information she did not have or believe, leading to the Iraq invasion. Driven to stop terrorism, Walder debriefed terrorists―men who swore they’d never speak to a woman―until they gave her leads. She followed trails through North Africa, Europe, and the Middle East, shutting down multiple chemical attacks.
Then Walder moved to the FBI, where she worked in counterintelligence. In a single year, she helped take down one of the most notorious foreign spies ever caught on American soil. Catching the bad guys wasn’t a problem in the FBI, but rampant sexism was. Walder left the FBI to teach young women, encouraging them to find a place in the FBI, CIA, State Department or the Senate―and thus change the world.
5. Live in Love: Growing Together Through Life’s Changes
When country music star Thomas Rhett won the ACM Award for Single of the Year with “Die a Happy Man,” his wife, Lauren Akins, was overjoyed. Her childhood best friend and now husband was being anointed the hottest new star in country music — for a song he had written about her. He was living his dream. Lauren was elated, but she was also wrestling with some big questions, not the least of which was, How can I live my own life of purpose?
Lauren Akins never wanted to be in the spotlight, but as Thomas Rhett made his relationship with Lauren the subject of many of his hit songs, she was tossed into the role of one of America’s sweethearts. Revered by fans for her down-to-earth ease and charm, her commitment to humanitarian work, and the pure love she exudes for her family, Lauren has never shared her side of their story — full as it’s been with deep love, painful loss, tremendous joy, and a struggle to stay grounded in faith along the way — until now.
In Live in Love, Lauren shares details about her childhood friendship with Thomas Rhett, explaining how they reconnected as young adults. She offers a rare behind-the-scenes look at the challenges of being married to her best friend, who just happens to be a music star, and the struggle to find her own footing in the frenzy of her husband’s fame. And in heart-wrenching detail, she opens up about her life-changing experiences doing mission work in Haiti, and then in Uganda, where she met the precious baby who would become their first daughter. From sharing the romance of their handwritten wedding vows to the challenges they faced as they adjusted to the reality of becoming first-time parents, Live in Love takes an intimate look at one couple’s life — and opens a window into all of our journeys on the path to self-discovery.
Live in Love is a deeply personal memoir that offers inspiring guidance for anyone looking to keep romance alive, balance children and marriage, express true faith, and live a life of purpose.
6. Facebook: The Inside Story
As a college sophomore, Mark Zuckerberg created a simple website to serve as a campus social network.
Today, Facebook is nearly unrecognizable from its first, modest iteration. In light of recent controversies surrounding election-influencing “fake news” accounts, the handling of its users’ personal data, and growing discontent with the actions of its founder and CEO — who has enormous power over what the world sees and says — never has a company been more central to the national conversation.
Millions of words have been written about Facebook, but no one has told the complete story, documenting its ascendancy and missteps. There is no denying the power and omnipresence of Facebook in American daily life, or the imperative of this book to document the unchecked power and shocking techniques of the company, from growing at all costs to outmaneuvering its biggest rivals to acquire WhatsApp and Instagram to developing a platform so addictive even some of its own are now beginning to realize its dangers.
Based on hundreds of interviews inside and outside the company, Levy’s sweeping narrative of incredible entrepreneurial success and failure digs deep into the whole story of the company that has changed the world and reaped the consequences.
7. Between the World and Me
In a profound work that pivots from the biggest questions about American history and ideals to the most intimate concerns of a father for his son, Ta-Nehisi Coates offers a powerful new framework for understanding our nation’s history and current crisis. Americans have built an empire on the idea of “race,” a falsehood that damages us all but falls most heavily on the bodies of black women and men — bodies exploited through slavery and segregation, and, today, threatened, locked up, and murdered out of all proportion. What is it like to inhabit a black body and find a way to live within it? And how can we all honestly reckon with this fraught history and free ourselves from its burden?
Between the World and Me is Ta-Nehisi Coates’s attempt to answer these questions in a letter to his adolescent son. Coates shares with his son — and readers — the story of his awakening to the truth about his place in the world through a series of revelatory experiences, from Howard University to Civil War battlefields, from the South Side of Chicago to Paris, from his childhood home to the living rooms of mothers whose children’s lives were taken as American plunder. Beautifully woven from personal narrative, reimagined history, and fresh, emotionally charged reportage, Between the World and Me clearly illuminates the past, bracingly confronts our present, and The Splendid and the Vile: A Saga of Churchill, Family, and Defiance During the Blitzoffers a transcendent vision for a way forward.
8. The Splendid and the Vile: A Saga of Churchill, Family, and Defiance During the Blitz
On Winston Churchill’s first day as prime minister, Adolf Hitler invaded Holland and Belgium. Poland and Czechoslovakia had already fallen, and the Dunkirk evacuation was just two weeks away. For the next twelve months, Hitler would wage a relentless bombing campaign, killing 45,000 Britons. It was up to Churchill to hold his country together and persuade President Franklin Roosevelt that Britain was a worthy ally — and willing to fight to the end.
In The Splendid and the Vile, Erik Larson shows, in cinematic detail, how Churchill taught the British people “the art of being fearless.” It is a story of political brinkmanship, but it’s also an intimate domestic drama, set against the backdrop of Churchill’s prime-ministerial country home, Chequers; his wartime retreat, Ditchley, where he and his entourage go when the moon is brightest and the bombing threat is highest; and of course 10 Downing Street in London. Drawing on diaries, original archival documents, and once-secret intelligence reports — some released only recently — Larson provides a new lens on London’s darkest year through the day-to-day experience of Churchill and his family: his wife, Clementine; their youngest daughter, Mary, who chafes against her parents’ wartime protectiveness; their son, Randolph, and his beautiful, unhappy wife, Pamela; Pamela’s illicit lover, a dashing American emissary; and the advisers in Churchill’s “Secret Circle,” to whom he turns in the hardest moments.
The Splendid and the Vile takes readers out of today’s political dysfunction and back to a time of true leadership, when, in the face of unrelenting horror, Churchill’s eloquence, courage, and perseverance bound a country, and a family, together.
9. Open Book
This was supposed to be a very different book. Five years ago, Jessica Simpson was approached to write a motivational guide to living your best life. She walked away from the offer, and nobody understood why. The truth is that she didn’t want to lie.
Jessica couldn’t be authentic with her readers if she wasn’t fully honest with herself first.
Now, America’s Sweetheart, preacher’s daughter, pop phenomenon, reality tv pioneer, and the billion-dollar fashion mogul invites readers on a remarkable journey, examining a life that blessed her with the compassion to help others but also burdened her with an almost crippling need to please. Open Book is Jessica Simpson using her voice, heart, soul, and humor to share things she’s never shared before.
First celebrated for her voice, she became one of the most talked-about women in the world, whether for music and fashion, her relationship struggles, or as a walking blonde joke. But now, instead of being talked about, Jessica is doing the talking. Her book shares the wisdom and inspirations she’s learned and shows the real woman behind all the pop-culture cliché’s — “chicken or fish,” “Daisy Duke,” “football jinx,” “mom jeans,” “sexual napalm…” and more. Open Book is an opportunity to laugh and cry with a close friend, one that will inspire you to live your best, most authentic life, now that she is finally living hers.
10. The Watergate Girl: My Fight for Truth and Justice Against a Criminal President
It was a time, much like today, when Americans feared for the future of their democracy, and women stood up for equal treatment. At the crossroads of the Watergate scandal and the women’s movement was a young lawyer named Jill Wine Volner (as she was then known), barely thirty years old and the only woman on the team that prosecuted the highest-ranking White House officials. Called “the mini-skirted lawyer” by the press, she fought to receive the respect accorded her male counterparts―and prevailed.
In The Watergate Girl, Jill Wine-Banks opens a window on this troubled time in American history. It is impossible to read about the crimes of Richard Nixon and the people around him without drawing parallels to today’s headlines. The book is also the story of a young woman who sought to make her professional mark while trapped in a failing marriage, buffeted by sexist preconceptions, and harboring secrets of her own. Her house was burgled, her phones were tapped, and even her office garbage was rifled through.
At once a cautionary tale and an inspiration for those who believe in the power of justice and the rule of law, The Watergate Girl is a revelation about our country, our politics, and who we are as a society.
Little-known Gems
1. The Hate U Give
But what Starr does — or does not — say could upend her community. It could also endanger her life.
Click here to buy this one!
2. Hatchet
Thirteen-year-old Brian Robeson, haunted by his secret knowledge of his mother’s infidelity, is traveling by single-engine plane to visit his father for the first time since the divorce. When the plane crashes, killing the pilot, the sole survivor is Brian. He is alone in the Canadian wilderness with nothing but his clothing, a tattered windbreaker, and the hatchet his mother had given him as a present.
At first consumed by despair and self-pity, Brian slowly learns survival skills — how to make a shelter for himself, how to hunt and fish and forage for food, how to make a fire — and even finds the courage to start over from scratch when a tornado ravages his campsite. When Brian is finally rescued after fifty-four days in the wild, he emerges from his ordeal with new patience and maturity, and a greater understanding of himself and his parents.
3. Regretting You
Morgan Grant and her sixteen-year-old daughter, Clara, would like nothing more than to be nothing alike.
Morgan is determined to prevent her daughter from making the same mistakes she did. By getting pregnant and married way too young, Morgan put her own dreams on hold. Clara doesn’t want to follow in her mother’s footsteps. Her predictable mother doesn’t have a spontaneous bone in her body.
With warring personalities and conflicting goals, Morgan and Clara find it increasingly difficult to coexist. The only person who can bring peace to the household is Chris — Morgan’s husband, Clara’s father, and the family anchor. But that peace is shattered when Chris is involved in a tragic and questionable accident. The heartbreaking and long-lasting consequences will reach far beyond just Morgan and Clara.
While struggling to rebuild everything that crashed around them, Morgan finds comfort in the last person she expects to, and Clara turns to the one boy she’s been forbidden to see. With each passing day, new secrets, resentment, and misunderstandings make mother and daughter fall further apart. So far apart, it might be impossible for them to ever fall back together.
4. Thief River Falls
Lisa Power is a tortured ghost of her former self. The author of a bestselling thriller called Thief River Falls, named after her rural Minnesota hometown, Lisa is secluded in her remote house as she struggles with the loss of her entire family: a series of tragedies she calls the “Dark Star.”
Then a nameless runaway boy shows up at her door with a terrifying story: he’s just escaped death after witnessing a brutal murder — a crime the police want to cover up. Obsessed with the boy’s safety, Lisa resolves to expose this crime, but powerful men in Thief River Falls are desperate to get the boy back, and now they want her too.
Lisa and her young visitor have nowhere to go as the trap closes around them. Still under the strange, unforgiving threat of the Dark Star, Lisa must find a way to save them both, or they’ll become the victims of another shocking tragedy she can’t foresee.
5. Look Alive Out There
From the New York Times–bestselling author Sloane Crosley comes Look Alive Out There―a brand-new collection of essays filled with her trademark hilarity, wit, and charm. The characteristic heart and punch-packing observations are back, but with a newfound coat of maturity. A thin coat. More of a blazer, really.
Fans of I Was Told There’d Be Cake and How Did You Get This Number know Sloane Crosley’s life as a series of relatable but madcap misadventures. In Look Alive Out There, whether it’s scaling active volcanoes, crashing shivas, playing herself on Gossip Girl, befriending swingers, or staring down the barrel of the fertility gun, Crosley continues to rise to the occasion with unmatchable nerve and electric one-liners. And as her subjects become more serious, her essays deliver not just laughs but lasting emotional heft and insight. Crosley has taken up the gauntlets thrown by her predecessors―Dorothy Parker, Nora Ephron, David Sedaris―and crafted something rare, affecting, and true.
Look Alive Out There arrives on the tenth anniversary of I Was Told There’d be Cake, and Crosley’s essays have managed to grow simultaneously more sophisticated and even funnier. And yet she’s still very much herself, and it’s great to have her back―and not a moment too soon (or late, for that matter)
6. The Silent Patient
Alicia Berenson’s life is seemingly perfect. A famous painter married to an in-demand fashion photographer, she lives in a grand house with big windows overlooking a park in one of London’s most desirable areas. One evening her husband Gabriel returns home late from a fashion shoot, and Alicia shoots him five times in the face, and then never speaks another word.
Alicia’s refusal to talk, or give any kind of explanation, turns a domestic tragedy into something far grander, a mystery that captures the public imagination and casts Alicia into notoriety. The price of her art skyrockets, and she, the silent patient, is hidden away from the tabloids and spotlight at the Grove, a secure forensic unit in North London.
Theo Faber is a criminal psychotherapist who has waited a long time for the opportunity to work with Alicia. His determination to get her to talk and unravel the mystery of why she shot her husband takes him down a twisting path into his own motivations―a search for the truth that threatens to consume him.
7. Wine Girl: The Obstacles, Humiliations, and Triumphs of America’s Youngest Sommelier
At just twenty-one, the age when most people are starting to drink (well, legally at least), Victoria James became the country’s youngest sommelier at a Michelin-starred restaurant. Even as Victoria was selling bottles worth hundreds and thousands of dollars during the day, passing sommelier certification exams with flying colors, and receiving distinction from all kinds of press, there were still groping patrons, bosses who abused their role and status, and a trip to the hospital emergency room.
It would take hitting bottom at a new restaurant and restorative trips to the vineyards where she could feel closest to the wine she loved for Victoria to re-emerge, clear-eyed and passionate, and a proud leader of her own Michelin-starred restaurant.
Exhilarating and inspiring, Wine Girl is the memoir of a young woman breaking free from an abusive and traumatic childhood on her own terms; an ethnography of the glittering, high-octane, but notoriously corrosive restaurant industry; and above all, a love letter to the restorative and life-changing effects of good wine and good hospitality.
8. The Jetsetters
When seventy-year-old Charlotte Perkins submits a sexy essay to the Become a Jetsetter contest, she dreams of reuniting her estranged children: Lee, an almost-famous actress; Cord, a handsome Manhattan venture capitalist who can’t seem to find a partner; and Regan, a harried mother who took it all wrong when Charlotte bought her a Weight Watchers gift certificate for her birthday. Charlotte yearns for the years when her children were young, when she was a single mother who meant everything to them.
When she wins the contest, the family packs their baggage — both literal and figurative — and spends ten days traveling from sun-drenched Athens through glorious Rome to tapas-laden Barcelona on an over-the-top cruise ship, the Splendido Marveloso. As lovers new and old join the adventure, long-buried secrets are revealed and old wounds are reopened, forcing the Perkins family to confront the forces that drove them apart and the defining choices of their lives.
Can four lost adults find the peace they’ve been seeking by reconciling their childhood aches and coming back together? In the vein of The Nest and The Vacationers, The Jetsetters is a delicious and intelligent novel about the courage it takes to reveal our true selves, the pleasures and perils of family, and how we navigate the seas of adulthood.
9. In Five Years: A Novel
Where do you see yourself in five years?
When Type-A Manhattan lawyer Dannie Cohan is asked this question at the most important interview of her career, she has a meticulously crafted answer at the ready. Later, after nailing her interview and accepting her boyfriend’s marriage proposal, Dannie goes to sleep knowing she is right on track to achieve her five-year plan.
But when she wakes up, she’s suddenly in a different apartment, with a different ring on her finger, and besides a very different man. The television news is on in the background, and she can just make out the scrolling date. It’s the same night — December 15 — but 2025, five years in the future.
After a very intense, shocking hour, Dannie wakes again, at the brink of midnight, back in 2020. She can’t shake what has happened. It certainly felt much more than merely a dream, but she isn’t the kind of person who believes in visions. That nonsense is only charming coming from free-spirited types, like her lifelong best friend, Bella. Determined to ignore the odd experience, she files it away in the back of her mind.
That is, until four-and-a-half years later, when by chance Dannie meets the very same man from her long-ago vision.
Brimming with joy and heartbreak, In Five Years is an unforgettable love story that reminds us of the power of loyalty, friendship, and the unpredictable nature of destiny.
10. Sharks in the Time of Saviors
In 1995 Kailua-Kona, Hawaii, on a rare family vacation, seven-year-old Nainoa Flores falls overboard a cruise ship into the Pacific Ocean. When a shiver of sharks appears in the water, everyone fears for the worst. But instead, Noa is gingerly delivered to his mother in the jaws of a shark, marking his story as the stuff of legends.
Nainoa’s family, struggling amidst the collapse of the sugarcane industry, hails his rescue as a sign of favor from ancient Hawaiian gods―a belief that appears validated after he exhibits puzzling new abilities. But as time passes, this supposed divine favor begins to drive the family apart: Nainoa, working now as a paramedic on the streets of Portland, struggles to fathom the full measure of his expanding abilities; further north in Washington, his older brother Dean hurtles into the world of elite college athletics, obsessed with wealth and fame; while in California, risk-obsessed younger sister Kaui navigates an unforgiving academic workload in an attempt to forge her independence from the family’s legacy.
When supernatural events revisit the Flores family in Hawai’i―with tragic consequences―they are all forced to reckon with the bonds of family, the meaning of heritage, and the cost of survival.
Life-Changers
1. Living Your Best Life: Letting Go of Self-Doubt, Fear and Other’s Expectations to Live the Life You’ve Always Dreamed
What If Who You Are Is Who You Were Meant To Be? As moms, we’re always someone’s someone, giving, loving, and nurturing. Stripped from all the labels, who are we, just being a girl in this world? Self-doubt reminds us that we aren’t enough, that someone else could do a better job raising our kids, or that we should be further along in life. Somewhere along the way, we feel stuck, loose our identity and purpose, comparing ourselves to others, as a measuring stick to success.
We hustle for our worth, in the form of an over achiever, a fixer, an entertainer, a perfectionist or people pleaser, allowing fear to clip our wings, to make us feel small. Overwhelmed, exhausted and behind the eight ball at every turn, we live life to the busy instead of to the full. It’s time to take our power back, to walk in our true identity, minus the expectations of others. It’s time to walk in our passion and purpose, to find our tribe and write our story. This book examines twelve struggles we deal with and the steps needed to create breathing room, establish boundaries and live the life we’ve always dreamed. Here’s to Living Your Best Life.
2. Suffer Strong: How to Survive Anything by Redefining Everything
After miraculously surviving a near-fatal brainstem stroke at age 26, as told in their memoir, Hope Heals, life for Katherine and Jay Wolf changed forever — and so did the way they viewed God, the world, and themselves in it. There was no going back to normal after such a tragedy. Yet Katherine and Jay learned that suffering is not the end, but rather the beginning of a new story.
In Suffer Strong, they invite us into this new story as they share universal lessons and helpful practices that will help us to:
Recognize we are being equipped for an uncommon assignment, not cursed by our story.
Transform our unmet expectations into brave anticipations.
Disrupt the myth that joy can only be found in a pain-free life.
Rewrite the narrative of hard circumstances by turning our definitions of suffering into declarations of strength.
And, ultimately, thrive even in the lives we never imagined living.
3. Good Morning, Good Life: 5 Simple Habits to Master Your Mornings and Upgrade Your Life
Morning routines. We hear about them all the time. We see them on social media feeds and in online videos. We read about them in memoirs and self-improvement books. So, what’s the big deal? What’s so important about what we do every morning?
In Good Morning, Good Life, Amy Schmittauer Landino — the world’s #1 productive lifestyle coach — reveals the truth about mornings and how to create daily rituals that are truly right for you.
decide on a ‘why’ that will make you want to jump out of bed everyday,
defy the morning missteps that keep you from starting the day on the right foot,
rise for a new day well-rested and prepared for what the day has in store for you,
shine each morning doing what makes you feel like your best version of you (rather than what the rest of the world says to do),
and thrive throughout your journey with some bonus productive lifestyle tips for the rest of your day!
Landino is best known for her work as the award-winning host of AmyTV on YouTube, and as the host of the self-improvement podcast Detail Therapy. Her practical and uplifting coaching approach carries over in Good Morning, Good Life with a lot of customizable tips (and even more personality!)
This is a can’t-miss read for anyone who is ready to go after the life they want!
4. Designing Your Life: How to Build a Well-Lived, Joyful Life
Designers create worlds and solve problems using design thinking. Look around your office or home — at the tablet or smartphone you may be holding or the chair you are sitting in. Everything in our lives was designed by someone. And every design starts with a problem that a designer or team of designers seeks to solve.
In this book, Bill Burnett and Dave Evans show us how design thinking can help us create a life that is both meaningful and fulfilling, regardless of who or where we are, what we do or have done for a living, or how young or old we are. The same design thinking responsible for amazing technology, products, and spaces can be used to design and build your career and your life, a life of fulfilment and joy, constantly creative and productive, one that always holds the possibility of surprise.
5. Change Your Mindset, Change Your Life: Lessons of Love, Leadership and Transformation
You can live an extraordinary life without regrets. In this book, author Garrain Jones reveals a proven strategy to change your life by changing your mindset. His powerful story of transformation will help you create awareness into your natural state and embrace the uniqueness within you that will restore health, happiness, and abundance in everything you do. Let it take you out of your everyday sameness and transfer you to a state of everyday greatness.
In this book, you will discover:
What has been holding you back from your greatness
How to love yourself, build confidence, and heal broken relationships
Your unique purpose and how to use your heart and voice to be your truth
The incredible power of positive thinking
Why it is important to physically and mentally upgrade yourself and your surroundings
The importance of faith and the laws of nature and why you should trust the process
The tools to remove lifelong struggles and attract prosperity and passion in all areas of your life
6. The Journey from No-thing to Everything: How to Live your Best Life
The Journey from No-thing to Everything will provide you with the tools for remembrance and becoming the master of your own life. This transformative book will expand your view of the world and help you to let go of ego.
With this book you will journey into your power and become no-thing, so you can experience everything. The essence of everything is who we are, and when we connect with everything, we can live our life through absolute love.
The tools provided to you in this book are supported by two meditations: “The Rays of Love” and “The Rays of Everything”. These meditations will assist you in your journey into everything.
This book reminds us that we are all connected in the dance called life. When we remember this, we are able to experience the absolute love and joy of the journey of life.
7. Think Like a Monk: Train Your Mind for Peace and Purpose Every Day
Shetty writes, “I grew up in a family where you could become one of three things: a doctor, a lawyer, or a failure. My family was convinced I had chosen option three. Instead of attending my college graduation ceremony, I headed to India to become a monk, to meditate every day for 4–8 hours and devote my life to helping others.”
After three years, one of his teachers told him that he would have more impact on the world if he left the monk’s path to share his experience and wisdom with others. Heavily in debt, and with no recognizable skills on his resume, he moved back home to north London with his parents. Shetty reconnected with old school friends — many working for some of the world’s largest corporations — who were experiencing tremendous stress, pressure, and unhappiness, and they invited Shetty to coach them on wellbeing, purpose, and mindfulness.
Since then, Shetty has become one of the world’s most popular influencers. In 2017, he was named in the Forbes magazine 30-under-30 for being a game-changer in the world of media. In 2018, he had the #1 video on Facebook with over 360 million views. His social media following totals over 32 million, he has produced over 400 viral videos which have amassed more than 5 billion views, and his podcast, On Purpose, is consistently ranked the world’s #1 Health and Wellness podcast.
In this inspiring, empowering book, Shetty draws on his time as a monk in the Hindu tradition to show us how we can clear the roadblocks to our potential and power. Drawing on ancient wisdom and his own rich experiences in the ashram, Think Like a Monk reveals how to overcome negative thoughts and habits to access the calm and purpose that lie within all of us.
The lessons monks learn are profound but often abstract. Shetty transforms them into advice and exercises we can all apply to reduce stress, sharpen focus, improve relationships, identify our hidden abilities, increase self-discipline, and give the gifts we find in ourselves to the world. Shetty proves that everyone can — and should — think like a monk.
8. Zen as F*ck: A Journal for Practicing the Mindful Art of Not Giving a Sh*t
The road to serenity is ahead, and it’s paved with a f*ck-ton of profanity. When quiet meditation and peaceful mantras aren’t enough to cut through the bullsh*t and brighten your day―hold close the pages of Zen as F*ck. On each and every page, you can give the good around you a warm f*cking hug and kick the bad on its ass. Journal your way through positive affirmations and cathartic-as-f*ck activities on your liberating journey toward something pretty close to happiness.
Sprinkle, scatter, or set off a glitter-bomb of happy vibes onto your trail of tranquility with Zen as F*ck!
• Start sparkling like the f*cking gem you are
• Learn how to rise, shine, and kick ass
• Cast your soul-shining light on others and spread some f*cking beauty
Don’t miss the other f*cking amazing titles in this series: Zen as F*ck at Work, Let That Sh*t Go, and Find Your F*cking Happy.
9. Talking to Strangers: What We Should Know about the People We Don’t Know
How did Fidel Castro fool the CIA for a generation? Why did Neville Chamberlain think he could trust Adolf Hitler? Why are campus sexual assaults on the rise? Do television sitcoms teach us something about the way we relate to each other that isn’t true?
While tackling these questions, Malcolm Gladwell was not solely writing a book for the page. He was also producing for the ear. In the version of Talking to Strangers, you’ll hear the voices of people he interviewed — scientists, criminologists, military psychologists. Court transcripts are brought to life with re-enactments. You actually hear the contentious arrest of Sandra Bland by the side of the road in Texas. As Gladwell revisits the deceptions of Bernie Madoff, the trial of Amanda Knox, and the suicide of Sylvia Plath, you hear directly from many of the players in these real-life tragedies. There’s even a theme song — Janelle Monae’s “Hell You Talmbout.”
Something is very wrong, Gladwell argues, with the tools and strategies we use to make sense of people we don’t know. And because we don’t know how to talk to strangers, we are inviting conflict and misunderstanding in ways that have a profound effect on our lives and our world.
10. The Subtle Art of Not Giving a F*ck: A Counterintuitive Approach to Living a Good Life
In this generation-defining self-help guide, a superstar blogger cuts through the crap to show us how to stop trying to be “positive” all the time so that we can truly become better, happier people.
For decades, we’ve been told that positive thinking is the key to a happy, rich life. “F**k positivity,” Mark Manson says. “Let’s be honest, shit is f**ked and we have to live with it.” In his wildly popular Internet blog, Manson doesn’t sugarcoat or equivocate. He tells it like it is — a dose of raw, refreshing, honest truth that is sorely lacking today. The Subtle Art of Not Giving a F**k is his antidote to the coddling, let’s-all-feel-good mindset that has infected American society and spoiled a generation, rewarding them with gold medals just for showing up.
Manson makes the argument, backed both by academic research and well-timed poop jokes, that improving our lives hinges not on our ability to turn lemons into lemonade, but on learning to stomach lemons better. Human beings are flawed and limited — “not everybody can be extraordinary, there are winners and losers in society, and some of it is not fair or your fault.” Manson advises us to get to know our limitations and accept them. Once we embrace our fears, faults, and uncertainties, once we stop running and avoiding and start confronting painful truths, we can begin to find the courage, perseverance, honesty, responsibility, curiosity, and forgiveness we seek.
There are only so many things we can give a f**k about so we need to figure out which ones really matter, Manson makes clear. While money is nice, caring about what you do with your life is better, because true wealth is about experience. A much-needed grab-you-by-the-shoulders-and-look-you-in-the-eye moment of real-talk, filled with entertaining stories and profane, ruthless humor, The Subtle Art of Not Giving a F**k is a refreshing slap for a generation to help them lead contented, grounded lives.
1. The Philosophy Book: Big Ideas Simply Explained
What existed before the Universe was created? Where does self-worth come from? Do the ends always justify the means?
The Philosophy Book answers the most profound questions we all have. It is your visual guide to the fundamental nature of existence, society, and how we think.
Discover what it means to be free, whether science can predict the future, or how language shapes our thoughts. Learn about the world’s greatest philosophers, from Plato and Confucius to modern thinkers such as Chomsky and Derrida and follow charts and timelines that graphically show the progression of ideas and logic.
Written in plain English, with concise explanations of branches of philosophy such as metaphysics and ethics, it untangles complicated theories and makes sense of abstract concepts. It is an ideal reference whether you’re a student or a general reader, with simple explanations of big ideas, including the four noble truths, the soul, class struggle, moral purpose, and good and evil.
If you’re curious about the deeper questions in life, The Philosophy Book is both an invaluable reference and illuminating read.
Series Overview: Big Ideas Simply Explained series uses creative design and innovative graphics, along with straightforward and engaging writing, to make complex subjects easier to understand. These award-winning books provide just the information needed for students, families, or anyone interested in concise, thought-provoking refreshers on a single subject.
2. From Plato and Socrates to Ethics and Metaphysics, an Essential Primer on the History of Thought
Too often, textbooks turn the noteworthy theories, principles, and figures of philosophy into tedious discourse that even Plato would reject. Philosophy 101 cuts out the boring details and exhausting philosophical methodology, and instead, gives you a lesson in philosophy that keeps you engaged as you explore the fascinating history of human thought and inquisition.
From Aristotle and Heidegger to free will and metaphysics, Philosophy 101 is packed with hundreds of entertaining philosophical tidbits, illustrations, and thought puzzles that you won’t be able to find anywhere else.
So whether you’re looking to unravel the mysteries of existentialism, or just want to find out what made Voltaire tick, Philosophy 101 has all the answers — even the ones you didn’t know you were looking for.
3. Asking Questions — Seeking Answers
Featuring a remarkably clear writing style, Philosophy: Asking Questions Seeking Answers is a brief and accessible guide designed for students with no prior knowledge of the subject. Written by renowned scholars Stephen Stich and Tom Donaldson, it focuses on the key issues in Western philosophy, presenting balanced coverage of each issue and challenging students to make up their own minds. Each chapter incorporates discussion questions, key terms, a glossary, and suggestions for further readings to help make the material more understandable to novices. Comprehensive enough to be used on its own, Philosophy can also be used as a supplement to any introductory anthology.
4. How to Teach Philosophy to Your Dog
Because man’s best friend deserves to know the secrets of how to live a good life, too.
Monty was just like any other dog. A scruffy and irascible Maltese terrier, he enjoyed barking at pugs and sniffing at trees. But after yet another dramatic confrontation with the local Rottweiler, Anthony McGowan realizes it’s high time he and Monty had a chat about what makes him a good or a bad dog.
Taking his lead from Monty’s canine antics, McGowan takes us on a hilarious and enlightening jaunt through the major debates of philosophy. Will Kant convince Monty to stop stealing cheesecake? How long will they put up with Socrates poking holes in every argument?
In this uniquely entertaining take on morality and ethics, the dutiful duo set out to uncover who — if anyone — has the right end of the ethical stick and can tell us how best to live one’s life.
5. Self-Confidence: A Philosophy
Where does self-confidence come from? How does it work? What makes it stronger or weaker? Why are some people more confident than others? Is it only a question of temperament or the result of conscious self-improvement? How do you get closer to those who stand out thanks entirely to their confidence in themselves?
Drawing on philosophical texts, ancient wisdom, positive psychology, and a wide range of case studies that feature famous thinkers, artists, and athletes, but also unsung heroes such as a fighter pilot and an urgent-care doctor, Charles Pépin brings to light the strange alchemy that is self-confidence. In doing so, he gives us the keys to having more confidence in ourselves.
6. Letters from a Stoic
For several years of his turbulent life, Seneca was the guiding hand of the Roman Empire. His inspired reasoning derived mainly from the Stoic principles, which had originally been developed some centuries earlier in Athens. This selection of Seneca’s letters shows him upholding the austere ethical ideals of Stoicism — the wisdom of the self-possessed person immune to overmastering emotions and life’s setbacks — while valuing friendship and the courage of ordinary men, and criticizing the harsh treatment of slaves and the cruelties in the gladiatorial arena. The humanity and wit revealed in Seneca’s interpretation of Stoicism is a moving and inspiring declaration of the dignity of the individual mind.
7. Stoic Six Pack 5: The Cynics
For Cynics the secret to happiness was living a life of virtue in harmony with Nature with only the bare essentials necessary for survival. They rejected materialism and were free of belongings. Many were homeless and proud of it. The Cynics emphasized the value of self-sufficiency, or autarkeia. They ate one (vegetarian) meal a day and made a habit of walking vast distances to stay in shape. The school extolled the virtue of perseverance, or karteria.
The founder of Cynicism was Antisthenes (c. 445 — c. 365 BC), a former student of Socrates. He was followed by Diogenes of Sinope, who famously lived in a tub on the streets of Athens. The third key figure was Crates of Thebes (360–280 BC), a rich man who gave away his money to live a life of pious poverty. Crates wed the like-minded Hipparchia of Maroneia and they became one of the few known philosopher couples in antiquity.
Stoic Six Pack 5 — The Cynics presents the key primary sources for our understanding of this ancient philosophy, as well as secondary material to provide insight and understanding:
An Introduction to Cynic Philosophy by John MacCunn.
The Moral Sayings of Publius Syrus, a Roman Slave by Publius Syrus.
Life of Antisthenes by Diogenes Laërtius.
Book IV of The Symposium by Xenophon.
Life of Diogenes by Diogenes Laërtius.
Life of Crates by Diogenes Laërtius.
With the rise of Stoicism in the 3rd Century B.C., the Cynic movement stalled. But there was renewed interest in the 1st Century A.D. when bedraggled Cynics could be found on the streets of Rome in large numbers, preaching their creed of anti-materialism and a simple life. The philosophy struck a chord with certain elements of Roman society and Cynics flourished into the 4th Century A.D., unlike Stoicism, which had long since faded by that time.
“It is not that I am mad, it is only that my head is different from yours.” — Diogenes of Sinope.
8. Man’s Search for Meaning
Psychiatrist Viktor Frankl’s memoir of life in Nazi death camps has riveted generations of readers. Based on Frankl’s own experience and the stories of his patients, the book argues that we cannot avoid suffering but we can choose how to cope with it, find meaning in it, and move forward. Man’s Search for Meaning has become one of the most influential books of our times, selling over twelve million copies worldwide. With a foreword by Harold S. Kushner, Frankl’s classic is presented here in an elegant new edition with endpapers, supplementary photographs, and several of Frankl’s previously unpublished letters, speeches, and essays.
9. The Essential Epicurus: Letters, Principal Doctrines, Vatican Sayings, and Fragments
Epicureanism is commonly regarded as the refined satisfaction of physical desires. As a philosophy, however, it also denoted the striving after an independent state of mind and body, imperturbability, and reliance on sensory data as the true basis of knowledge.Epicurus (ca. 341–271 B.C.) founded one of the most famous and influential philosophical schools of antiquity. In these remains of his vast output of scientific and ethical writings, we can trace Epicurus’ views on atomism, physical sensation, duty, morality, the soul, and the nature of the gods.
10. Plotinus: The Enneads
The Enneads by Plotinus is a work which is central to the history of philosophy in late antiquity. This volume is the first complete edition of the Enneads in English for over seventy-five years, and also includes Porphyry’s Life of Plotinus. Led by Lloyd P. Gerson, a team of experts present up-to-date translations which are based on the best available text, the editio minor of Henry and Schwyzer and its corrections. The translations are consistent in their vocabulary, making the volume ideal for the study of Plotinus’ philosophical arguments. They also offer extensive annotation to assist the reader, together with cross-references and citations which will enable users more easily to navigate the texts. This monumental edition will be invaluable for scholars of Plotinus with or without ancient Greek, as well as for students of the Platonic tradition.
1. Lakewood
When Lena Johnson’s beloved grandmother dies, and the full extent of the family debt is revealed, the black millennial drops out of college to support her family and takes a job in the mysterious and remote town of Lakewood, Michigan.
On paper, her new job is too good to be true. High paying. No out of pocket medical expenses. A free place to live. All Lena has to do is participate in a secret program — and lie to her friends and family about the research being done in Lakewood. An eye drop that makes brown eyes blue, a medication that could be a cure for dementia, golden pills promised to make all bad thoughts go away.
The discoveries made in Lakewood, Lena is told, will change the world — but the consequences for the subjects involved could be devastating. As the truths of the program reveal themselves, Lena learns how much she’s willing to sacrifice for the sake of her family.
Provocative and thrilling, Lakewood is a breathtaking novel that takes an unflinching look at the moral dilemmas many working-class families face, and the horror that has been forced on black bodies in the name of science.
2. The City We Became
Every great city has a soul. Some are as ancient as myths, and others are as new and destructive as children. New York City? She’s got six.
But every city also has a dark side. A roiling, ancient evil stirs in the halls of power, threatening to destroy the city and her six newborn avatars unless they can come together and stop it once and for all.
3. Empress of Salt and Fortune
A young royal from the far north, is sent south for a political marriage in an empire reminiscent of imperial China. Her brothers are dead, her armies and their war mammoths long defeated and caged behind their borders. Alone and sometimes reviled, she must choose her allies carefully.
Rabbit, a handmaiden, sold by her parents to the palace for the lack of five baskets of dye, befriends the emperor’s lonely new wife and gets more than she bargained for.
At once feminist high fantasy and an indictment of monarchy, this evocative debut follows the rise of the empress In-yo, who has few resources and fewer friends. She’s a northern daughter in a mage-made summer exile, but she will bend history to her will and bring down her enemies, piece by piece.
Praise for The Empress of Salt and Fortune
“An elegant gut-punch, a puzzle box that unwinds itself in its own way and in its own time. I cannot recommend it highly enough. Gorgeous. Cruel. Perfect. I didn’t know I needed to read this until I did.”―Seanan McGuire
“A tale of rebellion and fealty that feels both classic and fresh, The Empress of Salt and Fortune is elegantly told, strongly felt, and brimming with rich detail. An epic in miniature, beautifully realised.”―Zen Cho
4. Chain of Gold
Cordelia Carstairs is a Shadowhunter, a warrior trained since childhood to battle demons. When her father is accused of a terrible crime, she and her brother travel to London in hopes of preventing the family’s ruin. Cordelia’s mother wants to marry her off, but Cordelia is determined to be a hero rather than a bride. Soon Cordelia encounters childhood friends James and Lucie Herondale and is drawn into their world of glittering ballrooms, secret assignations, and supernatural salons, where vampires and warlocks mingle with mermaids and magicians. All the while, she must hide her secret love for James, who is sworn to marry someone else.
But Cordelia’s new life is blown apart when a shocking series of demon attacks devastate London. These monsters are nothing like those Shadowhunters have fought before — these demons walk in daylight, strike down the unwary with incurable poison, and seem impossible to kill. London is immediately quarantined. Trapped in the city, Cordelia and her friends discover that their own connection to a dark legacy has gifted them with incredible powers — and forced a brutal choice that will reveal the true cruel price of being a hero.
5. Finna
Nino Cipri’s Finna is a rambunctious, touching story that blends all the horrors the multiverse has to offer with the everyday awfulness of low-wage work. It explores queer relationships and queer feelings, capitalism and accountability, labor and love, all with a bouncing sense of humor and a commitment to the strange.
When an elderly customer at a Swedish big box furniture store ― but not that one ― slips through a portal to another dimension, it’s up to two minimum-wage employees to track her across the multiverse and protect their company’s bottom line. Multi-dimensional swashbuckling would be hard enough, but those two unfortunate souls broke up a week ago.
To find the missing granny, Ava and Jules will brave carnivorous furniture, swarms of identical furniture spokespeople, and the deep resentment simmering between them. Can friendship blossom from the ashes of their relationship? In infinite dimensions, all things are possible.
6. A Pale Light in the Black: A NeoG Novel
For the past year, their close loss in the annual Boarding Games has haunted Interceptor Team: Zuma’s Ghost. With this year’s competition looming, they’re looking forward to some payback — until an unexpected personnel change leaves them reeling. Their best swordsman has been transferred, and a new lieutenant has been assigned in his place.
Maxine Carmichael is trying to carve a place in the world on her own — away from the pressure and influence of her powerful family. The last thing she wants is to cause trouble at her command on Jupiter Station. With her new team in turmoil, Max must overcome her self-doubt and win their trust if she’s going to succeed. Failing is not an option — and would only prove her parents right.
But Max and the team must learn to work together quickly. A routine mission to retrieve a missing ship has suddenly turned dangerous, and now their lives are on the line. Someone is targeting members of Zuma’s Ghost, a mysterious opponent willing to kill to safeguard a secret that could shake society to its core . . . a secret that could lead to their deaths and kill thousands more unless Max and her new team stop them.
Rescue those in danger, find the bad guys, win the Games. It’s all in a day’s work at the NeoG.
7. The House in the Cerulean Sea
Linus Baker is a by-the-book caseworker in the Department in Charge of Magical Youth. He’s tasked with determining whether six dangerous magical children are likely to bring about the end of the world.
Arthur Parnassus is the master of the orphanage. He would do anything to keep the children safe, even if it means the world will burn. And his secrets will come to light.
The House in the Cerulean Sea is an enchanting love story, masterfully told, about the profound experience of discovering an unlikely family in an unexpected place―and realizing that family is yours.
“1984 meets The Umbrella Academy with a pinch of Douglas Adams thrown in.” ―Gail Carriger, New York Times bestselling author of Soulless
8. House of Earth and Blood (Crescent City)
#1 New York Times bestselling author Sarah J. Maas launches her brand-new CRESCENT CITY series with House of Earth and Blood: the story of half-Fae and half-human Bryce Quinlan as she seeks revenge in a contemporary fantasy world of magic, danger, and searing romance.
Bryce Quinlan had the perfect life-working hard all day and partying all night-until a demon murdered her closest friends, leaving her bereft, wounded, and alone. When the accused is behind bars but the crimes start up again, Bryce finds herself at the heart of the investigation. She’ll do whatever it takes to avenge their deaths.
Hunt Athalar is a notorious Fallen angel, now enslaved to the Archangels he once attempted to overthrow. His brutal skills and incredible strength have been set to one purpose-to assassinate his boss’s enemies, no questions asked. But with a demon wreaking havoc in the city, he’s offered an irresistible deal: help Bryce find the murderer, and his freedom will be within reach.
As Bryce and Hunt dig deep into Crescent City’s underbelly, they discover a dark power that threatens everything and everyone they hold dear, and they find, in each other, a blazing passion-one that could set them both free, if they’d only let it.
With unforgettable characters, sizzling romance, and page-turning suspense, this richly inventive new fantasy series by #1 New York Times bestselling author Sarah J. Maas delves into the heartache of loss, the price of freedom and the power of love.
9. Master of Sorrows (The Silent Gods Series)
You’ve heard the story before: an orphaned boy, raised by a wise old man, comes to a fuller knowledge of his magic and uses it to fight the great evil threatening his world.
But what if that hero were destined to become the new dark lord?
The Academy of Chaenbalu has stood against magic for centuries. Hidden from the world, acting from the shadows, it trains its students to detect and retrieve magic artifacts, which it jealously guards from the misuse of others. Because magic is dangerous: something that heals can also harm, and a power that aids one person may destroy another.
Of the academy’s many students, only the most skilled can become Avatars — warrior thieves, capable of infiltrating the most heavily guarded vaults — and only the most determined can be trusted to resist the lure of magic. More than anything, Annev de Breth wants to become one of them.
But Annev carries a secret. Unlike his classmates who were stolen as infants from the capital city, Annev was born in the village of Chaenbalu, was believed to be executed, and then unknowingly raised by his parents killers. Seventeen years later, he struggles with the burdens of a forbidden magic, a forgotten heritage, and a secret deformity. When Annev is subsequently caught between the warring ideologies of his priestly mentor and the Academy’s masters, he must finally decide whether to accept the truth of who he really is … or embrace the darker truth of what he may one day become.
10. The Killing Fog (The Grave Kingdom)
Survivor of a combat school, the orphaned Bingmei belongs to a band of mercenaries employed by a local ruler. Now the nobleman, and collector of rare artifacts, has entrusted Bingmei and the skilled team with a treacherous assignment: brave the wilderness’s dangers to retrieve the treasures of a lost palace buried in a glacier valley. But upsetting its tombs has a price.
Echion, emperor of the Grave Kingdom, ruler of darkness, Dragon of Night, has long been entombed. Now Bingmei has unwittingly awakened him and is answerable to a legendary prophecy. Destroying the dark lord before he reclaims the kingdoms of the living is her inherited mission. Killing Bingmei before she fulfills it is Echion’s.
Thrust unprepared into the role of savior, urged on by a renegade prince, and possessing a magic that is her destiny, Bingmei knows what she must do. But what must she risk to honor her ancestors? Bingmei’s fateful choice is one that neither her friends nor her enemies can foretell, as Echion’s dark war for control unfolds.
1. The Great Gatsby: The Graphic Novel
First published in 1925, The Great Gatsby has been acclaimed by generations of readers and is now reimagined in stunning graphic novel form. Jay Gatsby, Nick Carraway, Daisy Buchanan, and the rest of the cast are captured in vivid and evocative illustrations by artist Aya Morton. The iconic text has been artfully distilled by Fred Fordham, who also adapted the graphic novel edition of To Kill a Mockingbird. Blake Hazard, F. Scott Fitzgerald’s great-granddaughter, contributes a personal introduction.
This quintessential Jazz Age tale stands as the supreme achievement of Fitzgerald’s career and is a true classic of 20th-century literature. The story of the mysteriously wealthy Gatsby and his love for the beautiful Daisy is exquisitely captured in this enchanting and unique edition.
2. Pride and Prejudice
Few have failed to be charmed by the witty and independent spirit of Elizabeth Bennet in Austen’s beloved classic Pride and Prejudice. When Elizabeth Bennet first meets eligible bachelor Fitzwilliam Darcy, she thinks him arrogant and conceited; he is indifferent to her good looks and lively mind. When she later discovers that Darcy has involved himself in the troubled relationship between his friend Bingley and her beloved sister Jane, she is determined to dislike him more than ever. In the sparkling comedy of manners that follows, Jane Austen shows us the folly of judging by first impressions and superbly evokes the friendships, gossip and snobberies of provincial middle-class life. This Penguin Classics edition, based on Austen’s first edition, contains the original Penguin Classics introduction by Tony Tanner and an updated introduction and notes by Viven Jones.
For more than seventy years, Penguin has been the leading publisher of classic literature in the English-speaking world. With more than 1,700 titles, Penguin Classics represents a global bookshelf of the best works throughout history and across genres and disciplines. Readers trust the series to provide authoritative texts enhanced by introductions and notes by distinguished scholars and contemporary authors, as well as up-to-date translations by award-winning translators.
3. Moby Dick or The Whale
Moby-Dick; or, The Whale is an 1851 novel by American writer Herman Melville. The book is sailor Ishmael’s narrative of the obsessive quest of Ahab, captain of the whaling ship Pequod, for revenge on Moby Dick, the white whale that on the ship’s previous voyage bit off Ahab’s leg at the knee. A contribution to the literature of the American Renaissance, the work’s genre classifications range from late Romantic to early Symbolist. Moby-Dick was published to mixed reviews, was a commercial failure, and was out of print at the time of the author’s death in 1891. Its reputation as a “Great American Novel” was established only in the 20th century, after the centennial of its author’s birth. William Faulkner confessed he wished he had written the book himself, and D. H. Lawrence called it “one of the strangest and most wonderful books in the world” and “the greatest book of the sea ever written”. Its opening sentence, “Call me Ishmael”, is among world literature’s most famous.Melville began writing Moby-Dick in February 1850, and would eventually take 18 months to write the book, a full year more than he had first anticipated. Writing was interrupted by his making the acquaintance of Nathaniel Hawthorne in August 1850, and by the creation of the “Mosses from an Old Manse” essay as a first result of that friendship. The book is dedicated to Hawthorne, “in token of my admiration for his genius”.The basis for the work is Melville’s 1841 whaling voyage aboard the Acushnet. The novel also draws on whaling literature, and on literary inspirations such as Shakespeare and the Bible. The white whale is modeled on the notoriously hard-to-catch albino whale Mocha Dick, and the book’s ending is based on the sinking of the whaleship Essex in 1820. The detailed and realistic descriptions of whale hunting and of extracting whale oil, as well as life aboard ship among a culturally diverse crew, are mixed with exploration of class and social status, good and evil, and the existence of God. In addition to narrative prose, Melville uses styles and literary devices ranging from songs, poetry, and catalogs to Shakespearean stage directions, soliloquies, and asides.
4. The Catcher in the Rye
Anyone who has read J.D. Salinger’s New Yorker stories — particularly A Perfect Day for Bananafish, Uncle Wiggily in Connecticut, The Laughing Man, and For Esme With Love and Squalor — will not be surprised by the fact that his first novel is full of children. The hero-narrator of The Catcher in the Rye is an ancient child of sixteen, a native New Yorker named Holden Caulfield.
Through circumstances that tend to preclude adult, secondhand description, he leaves his prep school in Pennsylvania and goes underground in New York City for three days. The boy himself is at once too simple and too complex for us to make any final comment about him or his story. Perhaps the safest thing we can say about Holden is that he was born in the world not just strongly attracted to beauty but, almost, hopelessly impaled on it.
There are many voices in this novel: children’s voices, adult voices, underground voices-but Holden’s voice is the most eloquent of all. Transcending his own vernacular, yet remaining marvelously faithful to it, he issues a perfectly articulated cry of mixed pain and pleasure. However, like most lovers and clowns and poets of the higher orders, he keeps most of the pain to, and for, himself. The pleasure he gives away, or sets aside, with all his heart. It is there for the reader who can handle it to keep.
5. Middlemarch
George Eliot’s novel, Middlemarch: A Study of Provincial Life, explores a fictional nineteenth-century Midlands town in the midst of modern changes. The proposed Reform Bill promises political change; the building of railroads alters both the physical and cultural landscape; new scientific approaches to medicine incite public division; and scandal lurks behind respectability. The quiet drama of ordinary lives and flawed choices are played out in the complexly portrayed central characters of the novel — the idealistic Dorothea Brooke; the ambitious Dr. Lydgate; the spendthrift Fred Vincy; and the steadfast Mary Garth. The appearance of two outsiders further disrupts the town’s equilibrium — Will Ladislaw, the spirited nephew of Dorothea’s husband, the Rev. Edward Casaubon, and the sinister John Raffles, who threatens to expose the hidden past of one of the town’s elite. Middlemarch displays George Eliot’s clear-eyed yet humane understanding of characters caught up in the mysterious unfolding of self-knowledge. This Penguin Classics edition uses the second edition of 1874 and features an introduction and notes by Eliot-biographer Rosemary Ashton. In her introduction, Ashton discusses themes of social change in Middlemarch, and examines the novel as an imaginative embodiment of Eliot’s humanist beliefs.
6. Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
Referring to Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, H. L. Mencken noted that his discovery of this classic American novel was “the most stupendous event of my whole life”; Ernest Hemingway declared that “all modern American literature stems from this one book,” while T. S. Eliot called Huck “one of the permanent symbolic figures of fiction, not unworthy to take a place with Ulysses, Faust, Don Quixote, Don Juan, Hamlet.”
The novel’s preeminence derives from its wonderfully imaginative re-creation of boyhood adventures along the Mississippi River, its inspired characterization, the author’s remarkable ear for dialogue, and the book’s understated development of serious underlying themes: “natural” man versus “civilized” society, the evils of slavery, the innate value and dignity of human beings, and other topics. Most of all, Huckleberry Finn is a wonderful story, filled with high adventure and unforgettable characters.
7. Lord of the Rings
The Lord of the Rings is an epic high-fantasy novel written by English author and scholar J. R. R. Tolkien. The story began as a sequel to Tolkien’s 1937 fantasy novel The Hobbit, but eventually developed into a much larger work
8. Brave New World
Aldous Huxley’s profoundly important classic of world literature, Brave New World is a searching vision of an unequal, technologically-advanced future where humans are genetically bred, socially indoctrinated, and pharmaceutically anesthetized to passively uphold an authoritarian ruling order–all at the cost of our freedom, full humanity, and perhaps also our souls. “A genius [who] who spent his life decrying the onward march of the Machine” (The New Yorker), Huxley was a man of incomparable talents: equally an artist, a spiritual seeker, and one of history’s keenest observers of human nature and civilization. Brave New World, his masterpiece, has enthralled and terrified millions of readers, and retains its urgent relevance to this day as both a warning to be heeded as we head into tomorrow and as thought-provoking, satisfying work of literature. Written in the shadow of the rise of fascism during the 1930s, Brave New World likewise speaks to a 21st-century world dominated by mass-entertainment, technology, medicine and pharmaceuticals, the arts of persuasion, and the hidden influence of elites.
9. Slaughterhouse-Five
Slaughterhouse-Five, an American classic, is one of the world’s great antiwar books. Centering on the infamous firebombing of Dresden, Billy Pilgrim’s odyssey through time reflects the mythic journey of our own fractured lives as we search for meaning in what we fear most.
10. The Hobbit
Bilbo Baggins enjoys a comfortable, unambitious life, rarely traveling farther than the pantry of his hobbit-hole in Bag End. But his contentment is disturbed when the wizard Gandalf and a company of thirteen dwarves arrive on his doorstep to whisk him away on a journey to raid the treasure hoard of Smaug the Magnificent, a large and very dangerous dragon.
1. Who Moved My Cheese?
Most people are fearful of change, both personal and professional because they don’t have any control over how or when it happens to them. Since change happens either to the individual or by the individual, Dr. Spencer Johnson, the co-author of the multimillion bestseller The One Minute Manager, uses a deceptively simple story to show that when it comes to living in a rapidly changing world, what matters most is your attitude.
Exploring a simple way to take the fear and anxiety out of managing the future, Who Moved My Cheese? can help you discover how to anticipate, acknowledge, and accept change in order to have a positive impact on your job, your relationships, and every aspect of your life.
2. The Subtle Art of Not Giving a Fuck
For decades we’ve been told that positive thinking is the key to a happy, rich life. “F*ck positivity,” Mark Manson says. “Let’s be honest, shit is f*cked, and we have to live with it.” In his wildly popular Internet blog, Manson doesn’t sugarcoat or equivocate. He tells it like it is — a dose of raw, refreshing, honest truth that is sorely lacking today. The Subtle Art of Not Giving a F*ck is his antidote to the coddling, let’s-all-feel-good mind-set that has infected modern society and spoiled a generation, rewarding them with gold medals just for showing up.
Manson makes the argument, backed by both academic research and well-timed poop jokes, that improving our lives hinges not on our ability to turn lemons into lemonade but on learning to stomach lemons better. Human beings are flawed and limited — “not everybody can be extraordinary; there are winners and losers in society, and some of it is not fair or your fault”. Manson advises us to get to know our limitations and accept them. Once we embrace our fears, faults, and uncertainties, once we stop running and avoiding and start confronting painful truths, we can begin to find the courage, perseverance, honesty, responsibility, curiosity, and forgiveness we seek.
There are only so many things we can give a f*ck about, so we need to figure out which ones really matter, Manson makes clear. While money is nice, caring about what you do with your life is better, because true wealth is about experience. A much-needed grab-you-by-the-shoulders-and-look-you-in-the-eye moment of real talk, filled with entertaining stories and profane, ruthless humor, The Subtle Art of Not Giving a F*ck is a refreshing slap for a generation to help them lead contented, grounded lives.
This seminal book, which has been called “one of the outstanding contributions to psychological thought” by Carl Rogers and “one of the great books of our time” by Harold Kushner, has been translated into more than fifty languages and sold over sixteen million copies. “An enduring work of survival literature,” according to the New York Times, Viktor Frankl’s riveting account of his time in the Nazi concentration camps, and his insightful exploration of the human will to find meaning in spite of the worst adversity, has offered solace and guidance to generations of readers since it was first published in 1946. At the heart of Frankl’s theory of logotherapy (from the Greek word for “meaning”) is a conviction that the primary human drive is not pleasure, as Freud maintained, but rather the discovery and pursuit of what the individual finds meaningful. Today, as new generations face new challenges and an ever more complex and uncertain world, Frankl’s classic work continues to inspire us all to find significance in the very act of living, in spite of all obstacles.
4. Outliers: The Story of Success
In this stunning new book, Malcolm Gladwell takes us on an intellectual journey through the world of “outliers” — the best and the brightest, the most famous and the most successful. He asks the question: what makes high-achievers different?
His answer is that we pay too much attention to what successful people are like, and too little attention to where they are from: that is, their culture, their family, their generation, and the idiosyncratic experiences of their upbringing. Along the way he explains the secrets of software billionaires, what it takes to be a great soccer player, why Asians are good at math, and what made the Beatles the greatest rock band.
5. Eat That Frog!: 21 Great Ways to Stop Procrastinating and Get More Done in Less Time
A self help book on time management and setting priorities. Applies to both business and personal life experiences.
6. Awaken the Giant Within
Wake up and take control of your life! From the bestselling author of Inner Strength, Unlimited Power, and MONEY Master the Game, Anthony Robbins, the nation’s leader in the science of peak performance, shows you his most effective strategies and techniques for mastering your emotions, your body, your relationships, your finances, and your life.
The acknowledged expert in the psychology of change, Anthony Robbins provides a step-by-step program teaching the fundamental lessons of self-mastery that will enable you to discover your true purpose, take control of your life, and harness the forces that shape your destiny.
7. Who Will Cry When You Die
“When you were born, you cried while the world rejoiced. Live your life in such a way that when you die, the world cries while you rejoice.”― Ancient Sanskrit saying
Does the gem of wisdom quoted above strike a chord deep within you? Do you feel that life is slipping by so fast that you just might never get the chance to live with the meaning, happiness and joy you know you deserve? If so, then this very special book by leadership guru Robin S. Sharma, the author whose Monk Who Sold His Ferrari series has transformed the lives of thousands, will be the guiding light that leads you to a brilliant new way of living. In this easy-to-read yet wisdom-rich manual, Robin S. Sharma offers 101 simple solutions to life’s most complex problems, ranging from a little-known method for beating stress and worry to a powerful way to enjoy the journey while you create a legacy that lasts. Other lessons include “Honor Your Past,” “Start Your Day Well,” “See Troubles as Blessings” and “Discover Your Calling.” If you are finally ready to move beyond a life spent chasing success to one of deep significance, this is the ideal book for you.
8. Flow: The Psychology Of Optimal Experience
Psychologist Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi’s famous investigations of “optimal experience” have revealed that what makes an experience genuinely satisfying is a state of consciousness called flow. During flow, people typically experience deep enjoyment, creativity, and a total involvement with life. In this new edition of his groundbreaking classic work, Csikszentmihalyi demonstrates the ways this positive state can be controlled, not just left to chance. Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience teaches how, by ordering the information that enters our consciousness, we can discover true happiness and greatly improve the quality of our lives.
9. The Miracle Morning: The Not-so-obvious Secret Guaranteed to Transform Your Life Before 8AM
Hal Elrod is a genius and his book The Miracle Morning has been magical in my life. What Hal has done is taken the best practices, developed over centuries of human consciousness development, and condensed the ‘best of the best’ into a daily morning ritual. A ritual that is now part of my day.
10. The Power of Now
It’s no wonder that The Power of Now has sold over 2 million copies worldwide and has been translated into over 30 foreign languages. Much more than simple principles and platitudes, the book takes readers on an inspiring spiritual journey to find their true and deepest self and reach the ultimate in personal growth and spirituality: the discovery of truth and light.
In the first chapter, Tolle introduces readers to enlightenment and its natural enemy, the mind. He awakens readers to their role as a creator of pain and shows them how to have a pain-free identity by living fully in the present. The journey is thrilling, and along the way, the author shows how to connect to the indestructible essence of our Being, “the eternal, ever-present One Life beyond the myriad forms of life that are subject to birth and death.”
Featuring a new preface by the author, this paperback shows that only after regaining awareness of Being, liberated from Mind and intensely in the Now, is there Enlightenment.
Books about War
1. The Art of War
This classic Chinese text, the earliest known treatise on war, offers strategy and tactics that can be applied to every type of human conflict. Central to Sun Tzu’s philosophy is the concept of using deception and superior intelligence to minimize risk, which has made his book required reading at military, business, and law schools around the world. With a Foreword by B.H. Liddell Hart and a 74-page Introduction, this deluxe edition — beautifully presented in a sumptuous silk case — is a standout offering in the successful Art of Wisdom series.
2. The 33 Strategies of War
33 Strategies of War is a comprehensive guide to the subtle social game of everyday life, informed by the most ingenious and effective military principles in war. It’s the I-Ching of conflict, the contemporary companion to Sun Tzu’s The Art of War, and is abundantly illustrated with examples from history, including the folly and genius of everyone from Napoleon to Margaret Thatcher, Hannibal to Ulysses S. Grant, movie moguls to samurai swordsmen.
3. The Book of Five Rings
When the undefeated samurai Miyamoto Musashi retreated to a cave in 1643 and wrote The Book of Five Rings, a manifesto on swordsmanship, strategy, and winning for his students and generations of samurai to come, he created one of the most perceptive and incisive texts on strategic thinking ever to come from Asia.
Musashi gives timeless advice on defeating an adversary, throwing an opponent off-guard, creating confusion, and other techniques for overpowering an assailant that will resonate with both martial artists and everyone else interested in skillfully dealing with conflict. For Musashi, the way of the martial arts was a mastery of the mind rather than simply technical prowess — and it is this path to mastery that is the core teaching in The Book of Five Rings.
William Scott Wilson’s translation is faithful to the original seventeenth-century Japanese text while being wonderfully clear and readable. His scholarship and insight into the deep meaning of this classic are evident in his introduction and notes to the text. This edition also includes a translation of one of Musashi’s earlier writings, “The Way of Walking Alone,” and calligraphy by Japanese artist Shiro Tsujimura.
4. Strategy: A History
In Strategy: A History, Sir Lawrence Freedman, one of the world’s leading authorities on war and international politics, captures the vast history of strategic thinking, in a consistently engaging and insightful account of how strategy came to pervade every aspect of our lives. The range of Freedman’s narrative is extraordinary, moving from the surprisingly advanced strategy practiced in primate groups, to the opposing strategies of Achilles and Odysseus in The Iliad, the strategic advice of Sun Tzu and Machiavelli, the great military innovations of Baron Henri de Jomini and Carl von Clausewitz, the grounding of revolutionary strategy in class struggles by Marx, the insights into corporate strategy found in Peter Drucker and Alfred Sloan, and the contributions of the leading social scientists working on strategy today. The core issue at the heart of strategy, the author notes, is whether it is possible to manipulate and shape our environment rather than simply become the victim of forces beyond one’s control. Time and again, Freedman demonstrates that the inherent unpredictability of this environment — subject to chance events, the efforts of opponents, the missteps of friends — provides strategy with its challenge and its drama.
Armies or corporations or nations rarely move from one predictable state of affairs to another, but instead feel their way through a series of states, each one not quite what was anticipated, requiring a reappraisal of the original strategy, including its ultimate objective. Thus the picture of strategy that emerges in this book is one that is fluid and flexible, governed by the starting point, not the end point. A brilliant overview of the most prominent strategic theories in history, from David’s use of deception against Goliath, to the modern use of game theory in economics, this masterful volume sums up a lifetime of reflection on strategy.
5. Infantry Attacks
Field Marshal Erwin Rommel exerted an almost hypnotic influence not only over his own troops but also over the Allied soldiers of the Eighth Army in World War II. Even when the legend surrounding his invincibility was overturned at El Alamein, the aura surrounding Rommel himself remained unsullied. In this classic study of the art of war, Rommel analyzes the tactics that lay behind his success. First published in 1937, it quickly became a highly regarded military textbook and also brought its author to the attention of Adolph Hitler. Rommel was to subsequently advance through the ranks to the high command in World War II. Though most people immediately connect Rommel with the African campaigns of World War II, he made his initial legendary giant steps during the First World War. In this 1935 title, he recalls his greatest battles, outlines how he won them and provides his strategies on the use of armour in the field lessons ultimately used by Patton and other Allied tank commanders to defeat him. — Library Journal As a leader of a small unit in the First World War, Rommel proved himself an aggressive and versatile commander, with a reputation for using the battleground terrain to his own advantage, for gathering intelligence, and for seeking out and exploiting enemy weaknesses.
Rommel graphically describes his own achievements, and those of his units, in the swift-moving battles on the Western Front, in the ensuing trench warfare, in the 1917 campaign in Romania, and in the pursuit across the Tagliamento and Piave rivers. This classic account seeks out the basis of his astonishing leadership skills, providing an indispensable guide to the art of war written by one of its greatest exponents.
6. The Face of Battle
The Face of Battle is military history from the battlefield: a look at the direct experience of individuals at the “point of maximum danger.” Without the myth-making elements of rhetoric and xenophobia, and breaking away from the stylized format of battle descriptions, John Keegan has written what is probably the definitive model for military historians. And in his scrupulous reassessment of three battles representative of three different time periods, he manages to convey what the experience of combat meant for the participants, whether they were facing the arrow cloud at the battle of Agincourt, the musket balls at Waterloo, or the steel rain of the Somme.
7. The Direction of War: Contemporary Strategy in Historical Perspective
The wars since 9/11, both in Iraq and Afghanistan, have generated frustration and an increasing sense of failure in the West. Much of the blame has been attributed to poor strategy. In both the United States and the United Kingdom, public enquiries and defence think tanks have detected a lack of consistent direction, of effective communication, and of governmental coordination. In this important book, Sir Hew Strachan, one of the world’s leading military historians, reveals how these failures resulted from a fundamental misreading and misapplication of strategy itself. He argues that the wars since 2001 have not in reality been as ‘new’ as has been widely assumed and that we need to adopt a more historical approach to contemporary strategy in order to identify what is really changing in how we wage war. If war is to fulfil the aims of policy, then we need first to understand war.
8. The grand strategy of the Roman Empire from the first century A.D. to the third
At the height of its power, the Roman Empire encompassed the entire Mediterranean basin, extending much beyond it from Britain to Mesopotamia, from the Rhine to the Black Sea. Rome prospered for centuries while successfully resisting attack, fending off everything from overnight robbery raids to full-scale invasion attempts by entire nations on the move. How were troops able to defend the Empire’s vast territories from constant attacks? And how did they do so at such moderate cost that their treasury could pay for an immensity of highways, aqueducts, amphitheaters, city baths, and magnificent temples?
In The Grand Strategy of the Roman Empire, seasoned defense analyst Edward N. Luttwak reveals how the Romans were able to combine military strength, diplomacy, and fortifications to effectively respond to changing threats. Rome’s secret was not ceaseless fighting, but comprehensive strategies that unified force, diplomacy, and an immense infrastructure of roads, forts, walls, and barriers. Initially relying on client states to buffer attacks, Rome moved to a permanent frontier defense around 117 CE. Finally, as barbarians began to penetrate the empire, Rome filed large armies in a strategy of “defense-in-depth,” allowing invaders to pierce Rome’s borders.
This updated edition has been extensively revised to incorporate recent scholarship and archeological findings. A new preface explores Roman imperial statecraft. This illuminating book remains essential to both ancient historians and students of modern strategy.
9. The Mask of Command
In The Mask of Command, John Keegan asks us to consider questions that are seldom asked: What is the definition of leadership? What makes a great military leader? Why is it that men, indeed sometimes entire nations, follow a single leader, often to victory, but with equal dedication also to defeat?
Dozens of names come to mind…Napoleon, Lee, Charlemagne, Hannibal, Castro, Hussein. From a wide array, Keegan chooses four commanders who profoundly influenced the course of history: Alexander the Great, the Duke of Wellington, Ulysses S. Grant and Adolph Hitler. All powerful leaders, each cast in a different mold, each with diverse results.
10. How to Make War: A Comprehensive Guide to Modern Warfare
An indispensable guide to how wars are fought, James F. Dunnigan’s classic text has been enormously popular with citizens, professional soldiers, and journalists alike. Now, it’s been revised to include a stunning array of new subjects. From the cutting edge of cyberwar to the current concern about terrorism, How to Make War presents a clear picture of complex weapons, armed forces, and tactics.
Describing a new world order, one with a greater number of equipped players than the “Big Two” (the United States and the former Soviet Union), this updated edition features all the elements of traditional warfare, along with a discussion of terrorist techniques; nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons; and Third World ballistic missiles. Past editions of How to Make War were chillingly accurate in assessing and predicting the outcomes of all the major conflicts in the past two decades. Loaded with expertise and the latest information, this edition is an essential reference for any military library and work that forewarns, and forearms, the Free World for the conflicts ahead.
1. The Dancing Girls
When loving wife Jeanine Hammond is found dead in a small leafy town in Massachusetts, newly promoted Detective Jo Fournier is shocked to her core. Why leave her body posed like a ballerina? Why steal her wedding band and nothing else? Hungry for answers, Jo questions Jeanine’s husband, but the heart-breaking pain written on his face threatens to tear open Jo’s old wounds. It’s the same pain she felt when her boyfriend was cruelly shot dead by a gang in their hometown of New Orleans. She couldn’t get justice for him, but she’s determined to get justice for Jeanine’s devastated family.
But before Jo can get answers, another woman is found, wedding ring stolen, body posed in the same ritualistic way.
Digging through old files, Jo makes a terrifying link to a series of cold cases. She knows a serial killer is on the loose, but nobody will listen to the truth — not her bosses, nor the FBI. Still, Jo won’t let her superiors keep her from stopping the murderer in his tracks, even if it means the end of her career.
Just as she is beginning to lose hope, she finds messages on the victims’ computers that feel like the crucial missing link. But she knows the murderer is moments away from selecting his next victim. Will she be able to take down the most twisted killer of her career before another innocent life is lost?
An absolutely unputdownable and brilliant new crime thriller series that fans of Robert Dugoni, Lisa Regan and Melinda Leigh will devour in one sitting.
2. American Dirt
Lydia Quixano Pérez lives in the Mexican city of Acapulco. She runs a bookstore. She has a son, Luca, the love of her life, and a wonderful husband who is a journalist. And while there are cracks beginning to show in Acapulco because of the drug cartels, her life is, by and large, fairly comfortable.
Even though she knows they’ll never sell, Lydia stocks some of her all-time favorite books in her store. And then one day a man enters the shop to browse and comes up to the register with a few books he would like to buy―two of them her favorites. Javier is erudite. He is charming. And, unbeknownst to Lydia, he is the jefe of the newest drug cartel that has gruesomely taken over the city. When Lydia’s husband’s tell-all profile of Javier is published, none of their lives will ever be the same.
Forced to flee, Lydia and eight-year-old Luca soon find themselves miles and worlds away from their comfortable middle-class existence. Instantly transformed into migrants, Lydia and Luca ride la bestia―trains that make their way north toward the United States, which is the only place Javier’s reach doesn’t extend. As they join the countless people trying to reach el norte, Lydia soon sees that everyone is running from something. But what exactly are they running to?
American Dirt will leave readers utterly changed. It is a literary achievement filled with poignancy, drama, and humanity on every page. It is one of the most important books for our times.
Already being hailed as “a Grapes of Wrath for our times” and “a new American classic,” Jeanine Cummins’s American Dirt is a rare exploration into the inner hearts of people willing to sacrifice everything for a glimmer of hope.
3. Then She Was Gone
Ellie Mack was the perfect daughter. She was fifteen, the youngest of three. Beloved by her parents, friends, and teachers, and half of a teenaged golden couple. Ellie was days away from an idyllic post-exams summer vacation, with her whole life ahead of her.
And then she was gone.
Now, her mother Laurel Mack is trying to put her life back together. It’s been ten years since her daughter disappeared, seven years since her marriage ended, and only months since the last clue in Ellie’s case was unearthed. So when she meets an unexpectedly charming man in a café, no one is more surprised than Laurel at how quickly their flirtation develops into something deeper. Before she knows it, she’s meeting Floyd’s daughters — and his youngest, Poppy, takes Laurel’s breath away.
Because looking at Poppy is like looking at Ellie. And now, the unanswered questions she’s tried so hard to put to rest begin to haunt Laurel anew. Where did Ellie go? Did she really run away from home, as the police have long suspected, or was there a more sinister reason for her disappearance? Who is Floyd, really? And why does his daughter remind Laurel so viscerally of her own missing girl?
4. The Woman I Was Before
Of all the emotions single mother Kate Jones feels as she walks into her brand new house on Parkview Road, hope is the most unexpected. She has changed her name and her daughter’s, and moved across the country to escape the single mistake that destroyed their lives.
Kate isn’t the only woman on the street starting afresh. Warm, whirlwind Gisela with her busy life and confident children, and sharp, composed Sally, with her spontaneous marriage and high-flying career, are the first new friends Kate has allowed herself in years. While she can’t help but envy their seemingly perfect lives, their friendship might help her leave her guilt behind.
Until one day, everything changes. Kate is called to the scene of a devastating car accident, the consequences of which will test everything the women thought they knew about each other, and themselves.
Can Kate stop her own secrets from unravelling, or was her hope for a new life in vain?
6. The Pale-Faced Lie: A True Story
Growing up on the Navajo Indian Reservation, David Crow and his three siblings idolized their dad. Tall, strong, smart, and brave, the self-taught Cherokee regaled his family with stories of his World War II feats. But as time passed, David discovered the other side of Thurston Crow, the ex-con with his own code of ethics that justified cruelty, violence, lies — even murder.
A shrewd con artist with a genius IQ, Thurston intimidated David with beatings to coerce him into doing his criminal bidding. David’s mom, too mentally ill to care for her children, couldn’t protect him. One day, Thurston packed up the house and took the kids, leaving her with nothing. Soon he remarried, and David learned that his stepmother was just as vicious and abusive as his father.
Through sheer determination, and with the help of a few angels along the way, David managed to get into college and achieve professional success. When he finally found the courage to stop helping his father with his criminal activities, he unwittingly triggered a plot of revenge that would force him into a showdown with Thurston Crow. With lives at stake, including his own, David would have only twenty-four hours to outsmart his father — the brilliant, psychotic man who bragged that the three years he spent in the notorious San Quentin State Prison had been the easiest time of his life.
The Pale-Faced Lie is a searing, raw, palpable memoir that reminds us what an important role our parents play in our lives. Most of all, it’s an inspirational story about the power of forgiveness and the ability of the human spirit to rise above adversity.
7. Little Fires Everywhere
From the bestselling author of Everything I Never Told You, a riveting novel that traces the intertwined fates of the picture-perfect Richardson family and the enigmatic mother and daughter who upend their lives.
In Shaker Heights, a placid, progressive suburb of Cleveland, everything is planned — from the layout of the winding roads, to the colors of the houses, to the successful lives its residents will go on to lead. And no one embodies this spirit more than Elena Richardson, whose guiding principle is playing by the rules.
Enter Mia Warren — an enigmatic artist and single mother — who arrives in this idyllic bubble with her teenaged daughter Pearl, and rents a house from the Richardsons. Soon Mia and Pearl become more than tenants: all four Richardson children are drawn to the mother-daughter pair. But Mia carries with her a mysterious past and a disregard for the status quo that threatens to upend this carefully ordered community.
When old family friends of the Richardsons attempt to adopt a Chinese-American baby, a custody battle erupts that dramatically divides the town — and puts Mia and Elena on opposing sides. Suspicious of Mia and her motives, Elena is determined to uncover the secrets in Mia’s past. But her obsession will come at unexpected and devastating costs.
Little Fires Everywhere explores the weight of secrets, the nature of art and identity, and the ferocious pull of motherhood — and the danger of believing that following the rules can avert disaster.
8. Ordinary Grace
New Bremen, Minnesota, 1961. The Twins were playing their debut season, ice-cold root beers were selling out at the soda counter of Halderson’s Drugstore, and Hot Stuff comic books were a mainstay on every barbershop magazine rack. It was a time of innocence and hope for a country with a new, young president. But for thirteen-year-old Frank Drum it was a grim summer in which death visited frequently and assumed many forms. Accident. Nature. Suicide. Murder.
Frank begins the season preoccupied with the concerns of any teenage boy, but when tragedy unexpectedly strikes his family — which includes his Methodist minister father; his passionate, artistic mother; Juilliard-bound older sister; and wise-beyond-his-years kid brother — he finds himself thrust into an adult world full of secrets, lies, adultery, and betrayal, suddenly called upon to demonstrate a maturity and gumption beyond his years.
Told from Frank’s perspective forty years after that fateful summer, Ordinary Grace is a brilliantly moving account of a boy standing at the door of his young manhood, trying to understand a world that seems to be falling apart around him. It is an unforgettable novel about discovering the terrible price of wisdom and the enduring grace of God.
9. The Tuscan Secret
Anna is distraught when her beloved mother, Ines, passes away. She inherits a box of papers, handwritten in Italian and yellowed with age, and a tantalising promise that the truth about what happened during the war lies within.
The diaries lead Anna to the small village of Rofelle, where she slowly starts to heal as she explores sun-kissed olive groves, and pieces together her mother’s past: happy days spent herding sheep across Tuscan meadows cruelly interrupted when World War Two erupted and the Nazis arrived; fleeing her home to join the Resistenza; and risking everything to protect an injured British soldier who captured her heart. But Anna is no closer to learning the truth: what sent Ines running from her adored homeland?
When she meets an elderly Italian gentleman living in a deserted hamlet, who flinches at her mother’s name and refuses to speak English, Anna is sure he knows more about the devastating secret that tore apart her mother’s family. But in this small Tuscan community, some wartime secrets were never meant to be uncovered.
10. The Secrets We Keep: A gripping emotional page turner
When Tessa arrives at the little house by the lake with her two children, it is an escape. The rental house may be a bit small — but it’s theirs for the summer. A place to hide…
However, their isolation is disrupted by the family from the big house next door. Three children and their glamorous mother Rebecca — who seems determined to invite Tessa into their lives.
Rebecca, however, is harbouring a dark secret. And when it becomes too much for her to bear, Tessa seems to be the only person she can turn to.
But as powerful bonds form between the two families, choices will be made that can never be undone. And as the summer comes to an end, nothing can keep everyone safe. And one family will pay the ultimate price
Marketing and Business books
1. Thinking Like a Boss: Uncover and Overcome the Lies Holding You Back from Success
With over 11 million female-owned businesses in the US today, more women than ever are taking the reins to create their own success. Maybe you feel the pull to start a business but deep down you’re afraid that you don’t have what it takes. Maybe you have a great idea but wonder if you’re actually qualified to make it happen. Or maybe you want to expand your business, but you’re worried about how it will affect your family. If that’s you, it’s time to start thinking like a boss.
In this practical and encouraging book, Kate Crocco exposes the 12 limiting beliefs that are holding you back from your true potential, such as
- I should have it all together and I don’t
- I’m not ready or qualified to start
- I don’t have enough time
- It’s already been done before
With plenty of inspiring true stories and actionable steps you can take — starting now — Thinking Like a Boss will help you turn your limiting beliefs into limitless opportunity.
2. The Power of Moments: Why Certain Experiences Have Extraordinary Impact
While human lives are endlessly variable, our most memorable positive moments are dominated by four elements: elevation, insight, pride, and connection. If we embrace these elements, we can conjure more moments that matter. What if a teacher could design a lesson that he knew his students would remember twenty years later? What if a manager knew how to create an experience that would delight customers? What if you had a better sense of how to create memories that matter for your children?
This book delves into some fascinating mysteries of experience: Why we tend to remember the best or worst moment of an experience, as well as the last moment, and forget the rest. Why “we feel most comfortable when things are certain, but we feel most alive when they’re not.” And why our most cherished memories are clustered into a brief period during our youth.
Readers discover how brief experiences can change lives, such as the experiment in which two strangers meet in a room, and forty-five minutes later, they leave as best friends. (What happens in that time?) Or the tale of the world’s youngest female billionaire, who credits her resilience to something her father asked the family at the dinner table. (What was that simple question?)
Many of the defining moments in our lives are the result of accident or luck — but why would we leave our most meaningful, memorable moments to chance when we can create them? The Power of Moments shows us how to be the author of richer experiences.
3. Startups and Downs: The Secrets of Resilient Entrepreneurs
Today’s media is replete with stories about major entrepreneurial successes, IPOs (initial public offerings), mergers, and acquisitions. Reporters and readers alike have also been captivated by the stories of entrepreneurial failures, downfalls, and massive exits (think Travis Kalanick, Elizabeth Holmes, and Doug Evans). However, entrepreneurship is rarely linear, and a lot happens between the headlines and reality. Entrepreneurship is a cycle of failures and recoveries — hopefully with more successes than not.
Start-Ups and Downs: The Secrets of Resilient Entrepreneurs shares the wisdom of one entrepreneur who successfully disrupted an entire industry but felt as if she was never prepared for what came next. Mona Bijoor has created a guidebook for navigating the process, from pitching with power to coping with competition, with inspiring stories from respected entrepreneurs, including Nat Turner, cofounder and CEO of Flatiron Health; Courtney Nichols Gould, founder and co-CEO of SmartyPants Vitamins; and Stephen Kuhl, cofounder and CEO of Burrow, intended to lift up anyone determined to keep pushing forward.
This book is about resilience. How do the best entrepreneurs think about failure — as it’s happening and in hindsight — and ultimately win?
4. Upstream: The Quest to Solve Problems Before They Happen
So often in life, we get stuck in a cycle of response. We put out fires. We deal with emergencies. We stay downstream, handling one problem after another, but we never make our way upstream to fix the systems that caused the problems. Cops chase robbers, doctors treat patients with chronic illnesses, and call-center reps address customer complaints. But many crimes, chronic illnesses, and customer complaints are preventable. So why do our efforts skew so heavily toward reaction rather than prevention?
Upstream probes the psychological forces that push us downstream — including “problem blindness,” which can leave us oblivious to serious problems in our midst. And Heath introduces us to the thinkers who have overcome these obstacles and scored massive victories by switching to an upstream mindset. One online travel website prevented twenty million customer service calls every year by making some simple tweaks to its booking system. A major urban school district cut its dropout rate in half after it figured out that it could predict which students would drop out — as early as the ninth grade. A European nation almost eliminated teenage alcohol and drug abuse by deliberately changing the nation’s culture. And one EMS system accelerated the emergency-response time of its ambulances by using data to predict where 911 calls would emerge — and forward-deploying its ambulances to stand by in those areas.
Upstream delivers practical solutions for preventing problems rather than reacting to them. How many problems in our lives and in society are we tolerating simply because we’ve forgotten that we can fix them?
5. Change Maker: Turn Your Passion for Health and Fitness into a Powerful Purpose and a Wildly Successful Career
With thousands of certifications, seminars, websites, and gurus promising advice, it’s difficult for even the best pros to turn their passion for health and fitness into meaningful — and measurable — success.
Enter Change Maker.
In this definitive career guide, John Berardi — co-founder of Precision Nutrition, founder of Change Maker Academy, and one of the most successful people in the history of the health and fitness industry — shares his blueprint for becoming the ultimate change maker, one with a powerful purpose, an enthusiastic client base, and the ability to fund your own ideal lifestyle.
Whether you’re new to the industry and looking for a head-start, or you’re already an expert but need a fresh approach, consider this your go-to career guide.
With six helpful steps, this book covers the range of logistical, financial, psychological, and practical issues that every health and fitness pro needs to know, including how to:
Choose your specialty based on your unique strengths
Identify what your clients really want and deliver it every time
Build new relationships and become a next-level coach
Get new clients, make more money, and manage a thriving business
Nurture and protect your most precious asset, your reputation
Create a life-long, growth-oriented continuing education plan
If you work as a trainer, nutritionist, functional medicine doctor, group instructor, rehab specialist, or health coach — or you eventually want to — this step-by-step guide will help you turn your passion for health and fitness into work you find joy in, your clients into raving fans, and your career into something powerful, meaningful, and change-making.
6. The Golden Toilet: Stop Flushing Your Marketing Budget into Your Website and Build a System That Grows Your Business
The last thing you need to invest in is yet another website rebuild. In fact, that fancy website of yours is nothing more than a beautiful, brand new, solid-gold toilet.
If you’re not convinced, at least be honest: how much have you spent on your website, thinking that this time you’ll get the right design that will send the value of your business skyrocketing? It didn’t move the needle, did it? That’s because your website is The Golden Toilet, and you’ve flushed far too much money into it without a clear plan for growth.
Let’s get real: in the same way that every house needs a toilet, we only need a website so that we have a place to do our business. But a website alone isn’t enough. It takes other complementary systems to create the holistic experience that customers expect (and reward).
In this no-nonsense growth primer, Steve Brown delivers the inspiration and clarity you need to build the proper pipelines that will actually grow your business while your competitors continue to gild and rebuild their most utilitarian asset.
7. Never Split the Difference: Negotiating As If Your Life Depended On It
After a stint policing the rough streets of Kansas City, Missouri, Chris Voss joined the FBI, where his career as a hostage negotiator brought him face-to-face with a range of criminals, including bank robbers and terrorists. Reaching the pinnacle of his profession, he became the FBI’s lead international kidnapping negotiator. Never Split the Difference takes you inside the world of high-stakes negotiations and into Voss’s head, revealing the skills that helped him and his colleagues succeed where it mattered most: saving lives. In this practical guide, he shares the nine effective principles ― counterintuitive tactics and strategies―you too can use to become more persuasive in both your professional and personal life.
Life is a series of negotiations you should be prepared for: buying a car, negotiating a salary, buying a home, renegotiating rent, deliberating with your partner. Taking emotional intelligence and intuition to the next level, Never Split the Difference gives you the competitive edge in any discussion.
8. Uncopyable: How to Create an Unfair Advantage over Your Competition
What separates average businesses from extraordinary successful ones? Better product? Nope. Your competitor will rapidly reverse-engineer your ‘’secret sauce’’ and get their ‘’better-than-you’’version on the market faster than you can say ‘’Usain Bolt.’’
Better customer service? Guess what? All of your competitors say they provide the best customer service. It’s a wishy washy phrase … a vague generality with no meaningful specific.
Better pricing? You’re kidding, right? The company that lives on price dies on price.
More harsh reality: Almost all industries today struggle with the increasing commoditization of their products and services, putting considerable pressure on prices and margins, leading to fiercer competition.
You must create an Uncopyable Attachment with your customers. They must see you as not only delivering a superior product but also as high-value relationship they simply cannot get anywhere else. In Uncopyable, Steve Miller compellingly argues that new advantage isn’t found by going ‘’oustide the box’’ — you must actually build your own box. Uncopyable will guide you to achieving an unfair and enduring competitive advantage.
9. Master of One: Find and Focus on the Work You Were Created to Do
Imagine how different your life would be if you spent your time doing the very thing that brings you the greatest joy. It’s possible, but most people spend their days making incremental advances on numerous tasks, competent at many things but exceptional at none. That’s because for too long we’ve believed the lie that more activity, more jobs, and more responsibility equals greater effectiveness. In short, we are becoming a society of “jacks-and-jills-of-all-trades and masters of none.”
But what if you could shift your focus from too many things to one?
In this thought-provoking book, you’ll discover the exponential power of pursuing a singular craft. Through practical principles, Jordan Raynor provides straightforward steps for finding and thriving in your calling. He also highlights more than a dozen real-life examples of high-impact individuals who have chosen to focus on and excel in their unique gifting, including:
• Chronicles of Narnia author C. S. Lewis
• Enron whistle-blower Sherron Watkins
• TV legend Mister Rogers
• Dallas Mavericks CEO Cynthia Marshall
• Reality TV star Chip Gaines
• NFL Hall of Fame coach Tony Dungy
• Biblical figures, a teacher, a pilot, a banker, and world-class entrepreneurs
Too many of us are overwhelmed, overcommitted, and overstressed. This book offers a better way — the path to becoming a master of one!
10. The Power of Experiments: Decision Making in a Data-Driven World
Have you logged into Facebook recently? Searched for something on Google? Chosen a movie on Netflix? If so, you’ve probably been an unwitting participant in a variety of experiments―also known as randomized controlled trials―designed to test the impact of different online experiences. Once an esoteric tool for academic research, the randomized controlled trial has gone mainstream. No tech company worth its salt (or its share price) would dare make major changes to its platform without first running experiments to understand how they would influence user behavior. In this book, Michael Luca and Max Bazerman explain the importance of experiments for decision making in a data-driven world.
Luca and Bazerman describe the central role experiments play in the tech sector, drawing lessons and best practices from the experiences of such companies as StubHub, Alibaba, and Uber. Successful experiments can save companies money―eBay, for example, discovered how to cut $50 million from its yearly advertising budget―or bring to light something previously ignored, as when Airbnb was forced to confront rampant discrimination by its hosts. Moving beyond tech, Luca and Bazerman consider experimenting for the social good―different ways that governments are using experiments to influence or “nudge” behaviour ranging from voter apathy to school absenteeism. Experiments, they argue, are part of any leader’s toolkit. With this book, readers can become part of “the experimental revolution.”
Oh in case you aren’t reading yet, you should not wait any longer. The best time to start reading is today! Pick up a book, see the change!
As always, let me know your thoughts on the topic. I’d love to hear your ideas and views in the comments below.
P.S. here are my other Articles on Linkedin & Articles on Medium.
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Grants Database Now Available in Macomb County
Advancing Macomb and the Clinton-Macomb Public Library have teamed up to provide access to the Foundation Directory Online (FDO) in Macomb County. FDO by Candid, is the most extensive, up-to-date database of philanthropic giving available. Advancing Macomb is funding one-year of access to these resources and partnered with the Clinton-Macomb Public Library to be the provider.
A valuable tool for nonprofit organizations, FDO can help build a prospect list, find out more about other grant awardees, and enhance understanding of funding that may be available to help an organization reach their fundraising goals. The resource can also help you learn how to write a grant proposal, find out more about when to approach a foundation for funding and other tips and tricks. The Grants to Individuals database is also available to people looking for funding for individual projects not associated with an organization.
The full access version of FDO and Grants to Individuals are available at the Clinton-Macomb Public Library main branch located at 40900 Romeo Plank, Clinton Township. A limited access version of the FDO database can be used remotely and at the other branch locations of the Clinton-Macomb Public Library. A library card from one of the Macomb County/Suburban Library Cooperative libraries is needed to use the systems. Access them at cmpl.org/advanced-researchunder Grants.
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HomeTracksBesides Daniel “If You Ask Me To” – Listen
Besides Daniel “If You Ask Me To” – Listen
July 30, 2018 Mark Whitfield Tracks 0
Danny Brewer, the mastermind behind Besides Daniel, pulls from his own experiences and life lessons to craft his songs. His new record, “T E E M I N G” (with the letters spaced out) is set for release on August 24th, described as “a subtle reflection on the adventure of putting roots in the ground, committing to love, healing through long-suffering and the celebration of new life.” On the rather lovely new single, ‘If You Asked Me To,’ tenfold vocals croon of devotion, fidelity, and hope, with a moody groove with deep pockets and creative soundscapes. “It’s a song about giving. The concept is describing a willingness to do whatever it takes,” says Brewer. Although childhood memories of “would you jump off the edge of a cliff…” should give the listener pause for thought.
Jimmy LaFave “Peacetown” (Music Road Records, 2018)
David Crosby joins Isbell on stage at Newport – Watch
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Audemars Piguet Royal Oak 15500
This year (2019), Audemars Piguet replaced the reference 15400, the base model Royal Oak, with the reference 15500.
Audemars Piguet Royal OakIn 1970, Audemars Piguet instructed Genta to come up with an unprecedented steel watch.
This year (2019), Audemars Piguet replaced the reference 15400, the base model Royal Oak, with the reference 15500. The Swiss watch manufacturer from Le Brassus made some incremental adjustments to the design while still maintaining the classic Royal Oak look. An important change is the use of a new in-house movement.You might wonder: "What has been changed?". When it comes to aesthetics, the 15500 has a thicker case, the minute track is displayed on the outer edge of the dial, the date aperture is positioned farther away from the centre of the dial and the applied hour-markers are wider. The new movement is more precise and has a longer power reserve. The 15500 comes in five different versions: three in steel with either a black, blue or grey dial and two in rose gold with both a black dial and either a bracelet or a leather strap. The one we have on offer is from steel, has a grey dial and is brandnew. It comes with the inner and outer box and the international warranty paper and card.
Audemars Piguet Royal OakIn 1970, Audemars Piguet instructed Genta to come up with an unprecedented steel watch. As the story goes, he found inspiration whilst seeing a diver at work with an old-fashioned diver’s helmet near Lake Geneva. Staying up all night, Genta drew the design for a circular case with an angular, octagonal bezel, eight visible screws, and an integrated bracelet. The Royal Oak was presented in 1972 as the most expensive steel watch available and it caused an uproar: why was a distinguished maison d’horlogerie putting out a sports watch, let alone in such a pedestrian material? Some experts even predicted that the Royal Oak would put Audemars Piguet out of business. Though it took a while to catch on, the Royal Oak is now one of the most iconic and long-lasting watch designs, and has spawned an entire product line. It wouldn’t be the first time that Genta would prove a brand’s owners, customers, and industry experts wrong.
Patek Philippe Calatrava 2481 'Jumbo'
Patek Philippe Calatrava 1491 'Gübelin'
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Rolex Milgauss 1019
The Milgauss is one of the four legendary toolwatches introduced by Rolex in the 1950s, alongside the Submariner, Explorer, and GMT-Master.
Rolex MilgaussThe Milgauss is the least-known of Rolex’ legendary toolwatches.
The Milgauss is one of the four legendary toolwatches introduced by Rolex in the 1950s, alongside the Submariner, Explorer, and GMT-Master. The Milgauss was one of the very first watches able to withstand intense magnetic fields, making it especially useful for scientists and engineers working in medical facilities, power plants, and laboratories.The 1019 is the successor to the exceedingly rare 6541 and 6543 Milgauss references. Introduced in 1960, the 1019 got rid of the rotating bezel that was found on the 6541/6543. The 38mm steel case with domed bezel gives the 1019 an elegant and modern look, even though the one we are offering was produced in 1968. The steel case is thick and even shows the original chamfered edges; just the way we like it. The watch sports cool cigarette hands with wonderful custard-colored tritium lume and a funky red-tipped arrowhead seconds hand that matches perfectly with the red font Milgauss text on the horizontally brushed silvered dial. The watch comes on a stainless steel folded Oyster bracelet and even includes the original box and papers!
Rolex MilgaussThe Milgauss is the least-known of Rolex’ legendary toolwatches. After the Genevan powerhouse released a dedicated diver’s watch (the Submariner), a field watch (the Explorer), and a pilot’s watch (the GMT-Master) in the first half of the 1950s, it turned its attention to the needs of engineers and scientists. These men and women often worked in environments with intense magnetic fields, such as power plants, hospitals, and labs. Strong magnetic fields have an adverse effect on the accuracy of watches. This meant that the people that worked in such environments either had to accept a malfunctioning watch or forgo wearing one in the first place. Rolex solved this problem by introducing a soft iron inner case that protected the movement from harmful magnetism. The name of the watch, Milgauss, was derived from the French word ‘mille’ (meaning thousand) and ‘Gauss’ (the scientific unit for magnetism). Tests by the European Center for Nuclear Research (CERN) in the late 1950s showed that the Milgauss was indeed able to withstand strong magnetic fields; an amazing technical accomplishment!The first iterations of the Milgauss, the ref. 6541, was introduced in 1956. The 6541 and its successor the 6543 were cased in submariner-like cases, with rotating bezels. These references were only produced for a handful of years and due to their specialized nature less than two hundred were produced and sold, making them exceedingly rare.
Rolex Day-Date 1804 'Red Stella'
Jaeger-LeCoultre Memovox Speedbeat E875
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PARTY AUTONOMY IN INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC ARBITRATION: A REAPPRAISAL - Vol. 4 No. 1 Aria 1993
Klaus Peter Berger
1 PDF from "The American Review of International Arbitration (ARIA)"
Lex Mercatoria,
Consolidation of Proceedings,
New York Convention,
UNCITRAL Model Law
Author Detail:
Klaus Peter Berger - LL.M., University of Virginia; Dr. iur., University of Cologne; Banking Law Institute, Centre for International Trade and Investment Contracts (CITIC), University of Cologne.
Originally from American Review of International Arbitration - ARIA
"The concept of party autonomy gives the parties the flexibility necessary to structure the procedure in a way best suited to their needs. It is this flexibility that has led to the success of commercial arbitration and made it the preferred means of resolving international commercial disputes." M. Scott Donahey** $lt
"The wishes of the parties themselves are not always served by arbitral autonomy." William W. Park***
The primacy of party autonomy is usually regarded as the hallmark of contemporary arbitral legislation. In the past decade, the drive for maximum party autonomy has become the central theme for the ever growing number of legislatures that have discovered international arbitration[1] as a lucrative source of revenues. In devising new arbitration laws to be used as "marketing strategies"[2] in the worldwide competition for dispute resolution through international arbitration, domestic lawmakers seek to implement the concept of the "specificity" ("specificiteit," "Spezifizität," "specificità" or "spécificité") of international economic arbitration. Whether used to build up a country's image as an arbitral forum[3] or as a means to maintain and improve the good reputation of a country with a long-standing tradition in international economic arbitration,[4] the term is making its way around the world.[5] The term denotes the special character
More in UNCITRAL Model Law
True or False: Thanks to Reforms Proposed Under the Auspices of the ICSID and UNCITRAL, Investor-State Dispute Settlement is Finally Headed in the Right Direction? - Chapter 9 - Investment Treaty Arbitration and International Law - Volume 14
The Fundamental Controversies of Investor-State Dispute Settlement Are Neither Settled by the Impending Reforms of the ICSID Rules Nor the Proposals of UNCITRAL Working Group III - Chapter 8 - Investment Treaty Arbitration and International Law - Volume 14
Thanks to Reforms Proposed Under the Auspices of the ICSID and UNCITRAL, Investor-State Dispute Settlement is Finally Headed in the Right Direction - Chapter 7 - Investment Treaty Arbitration and International Law - Volume 14
More by Klaus Peter Berger
General Principles of Law and International Commercial Arbitration: How to Find Them - How to Apply Them - WAMR 2011 Vol. 5, No. 2
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Aeon Centre of Cosmology
The New Myth of the New Age – The Magical Carousel
New Homepage › Forums › Aeon Forum › The New Myth of the New Age – The Magical Carousel
This topic contains 13 replies, has 5 voices, and was last updated by Patricia Heidt 6 years, 7 months ago.
24 May 2015 at 4:31 pm #793
Lori Tompkins
What do we mean by The Magical Carousel as the new myth for the New Age? … what do you understand by this statement that Thea often writes now a days?
Patricia H. posed this question to me a few days ago. I imagine it sounds impossibly grand to most … How could this little fairy tale about the Zodiac be THE Myth of the New Age? How are people to understand or relate to this statement?
For me it has become apparent that all mythology on Earth originates from the Zodiac, which is, in a real sense, the architecture of the soul’s journey in Time and Space. So when we speak of archetypes (the root ‘arch’ itself being a reference to the arc of the circle) and mythology we must realize that the source of all such cultural legacies, symbols and stories trace back or inward to the journey of the soul which is contained and enacted in every moment and in every cycle of Time (such as the Day, the Year, the Great Year, etc). There is no removing oneself from this living framework. We can deny it, be unconscious of it, or try to escape it through whatever means, but alas we are still on that same journey.
As I contemplated this question, the first thing that came to mind was that the word Myth and Mithra are clearly connected. Mithra or Mitra in the Rig Veda is ‘the Friend’ which Thea has clearly identified as the ‘fixed’ astrological sign Aquarius, the 11th sign of the Zodiac. The Sanskrit root mit means a post or pillar and mita means FIXED, founded, established, as well as measured (as in metered), investigated or known. The 3rd astrological sign Mithuna (Gemini) also contains this root, though it connotes duality/falsehood … i.e. consciousness not yet unified in the evolutionary journey.
Knowing that the Vedic origin of the word ‘myth’ is clearly tied to the Zodiac and to Vishnu’s steps through the fixed signs of the Zodiac, in which the ‘highest step’ is into Mitra’s Age, helps me understand how Thea can refer to The Magical Carousel as ‘the new myth of the New Age’.
Thea writes that we entered the Age of Mitra/Aquarius in 1926. It makes much sense to me that the ‘new myth’ of this age would simply be a fully un-veiled account of the Zodiacal journey as a whole … not broken into bits and parts. When is the last time anyone has understood and presented the Zodiac in this way? For many many ages, all that was understood of the Zodiac and it’s symbols has been pieces and parts, aspects and angles … fragments of its whole body of gnosis. Mythologies and symbols of the past have thus arrived at our doorstep ‘unassembled’, like the pieces of a jigsaw puzzle. In Mitra’s Age, the Age of Unity Consciousness, the MYTH must be made not only whole, but it must be revealed as the central (FIXED) pillar of our individual and collective movements. It must be revealed as the central hub from which one can see, understand, appreciate and embody the Supramental Consciousness-Force as it manifests on Earth. There is no other vantage point (fixed pillar) that opens up this view and experience of the New Age.
Thea’s first book The Magical Carousel was the seed of this restoration and revelation process in our day and age. This little book, together with its companion Commentaries, established the truth of Zodiac as a whole and opened the doorway to all further revelations regarding the Truth-Consciousness and how it organizes itself on Earth. It is a marvel and an invitation to begin to SEE IN UNDERSTANDING as is the meaning of Thea’s name and is the essence of her yoga and her offerings to humanity. What can one SEE of the Supramental Manifestation/the New Age if one does not plant or awaken this SEED of Gnosis in one’s own being?
29 May 2015 at 1:24 am #1050
Patricia Heidt
Lori – this topic has the possibility of ‘deep thought’…thanks for this fine beginning.
You mention the opening of the new age – the 9th Age – as 1926 and the need for a universal mythic understanding of the nature of our world as ONE whole. The story or the myth of The Magical Carousel (TMC) or the journey through the zodiac, is the answer to that need. The fact that this journey is now open to us (i.e., we can see it, read about it, it is here – we can live it, if we choose) – is a comfort and a security to me – there are new possibilities other than the stories/myths of my childhood days that revolved around biblical accounts of sin and redemption!
As I delved deeper into the study of myth and mythology, a popular book on the topic has come to me written by Dr. Devdutt Pattanaik, Myth = Mithya (Penguin, 2006). There are several statements in his introduction that I am thinking about and relating to TMC::
From myth come beliefs, from mythology customs. Myth conditions thoughts and feelings. Mythology influences behaviours and communications. Myth and mythology thus have a profound influence on culture. Likewise, culture has a profound influence on myth and mythology. People outgrow myth and mythology when myth and mythology fail to respond to their cultural needs..(XV)
Behind the myth is a truth; an inherited truth about life and death, about nature and culture, about perfection and possibility, about hierarchies and horizons. This subjective and cultural truth of the Hindus is neither superior nor inferior to other truths. It is simply yet another human undertanding of life. (XVI)
So I am thinking: we are used to myths as coming from our archetyple past… but TMC does not belong in that category. We are familiar with myth as stories of past giants and warriors and saints… but TMC is about two children /two souls/ two people who are living among us, opening a new path, new horizons…and we are moving along with them, following the sun…
Sometimes pondering this makes we very still… well, how did that all happen
29 May 2015 at 3:10 pm #1051
Over the years I have been able to confirm that TMC is the perennial story of the soul in evolution on planet Earth. It was my story, autobiographical as I have noted elsewhere; but also the story of opening the new path for all souls; hence the contemporary myth.
The important and clinching aspect is that I wrote this tale in one swift go, over the month of March 1970. Later I came to realise that it is thoroughly Vedic. The ‘journey’ the children take is INTO THE SOLAR WORLD. That is the meaning of ‘plunging into the Sun’. I had not had any contact with the Rig Veda then, yet the Journey of the children is the same.
The confirmation of its Vedic relevance is in chapter 9 when they move into the realm very few have access to. This is conveyed by the Foundation of the sage/alchemist HH with all its cobwebs to indicate that those eagerly-attended students never seem to arrive! So, we know that traversing the realm of Hayala is the difficult part, which in zodiacal tradition is Scorpio, the 8th sign of Death and such matters. In Savitri as well, the 8th Nook is the Book of Death. Death takes Satyavan to his realm and Savitri follows in the realm from where mortals do not return.
The most difficult passage is indicated in TMC, coinciding with the Journey of the RV, when she must leave that 9th – and the children of TMC also. But here is the key. The difficult passage of the 9 to the 10, as noted in the Veda itself and confirmed by Sri Aurobindo, is their plunge into the innermost point, which they do when carried by the Sagittarian Centaur faster than the speed of light. Then they face the Capricorn Mountain (which is actually found within the soul), and the Goat-Fish tells them they cannot scale it from the outside, but only by penetrating the mountain itself. This confirms what is carried across the Ages in the architecture of the Hindu Temple: the main Gopuram is that Mountain; the aspirant moves through it and comes to the inside where before him strands the garbhagriha, small, intimate, his or her centremost point. Just as described in
TMC. The problem is that when people read TMC they cannot realise that it is the same as the Rig Vedic Journey. But even then there is a difference due to the Supramental Manifestation.
2 June 2015 at 1:27 am #1052
Thea, you write above: It is the same Rig Vedic journey, but even then there is a difference due to the Supramental Manifestation. You mean here the first 9 stages of the journey, the lands up to the end of the mental quarter of TGC are the same as the RV journey. – the last quarter, the Supramental, is new territory for us earth-beings…
You pointed out to us in the visual above that this was a very good view of the Temple- this sideview. It depicted exactly what the Capricorn experience (in TMC) is about: here you can see the grand Entrance on the right side – entering the Temple/the mountain of Capricorn is the first step. But the children had to go further…in the initation …
and so it is depicted in this photo: toward the middle is the small, almost hidden, sanctum santorum, where you meet the deity, live the experience, discover your real self, your soul. The GarbaGriha holds the secret.
That is the whole point of this stage of the Supramental Yoga: that quarter of the Circle containing the last triad of signs/planets, is now opened to our experience ON EARTH. We are only in the early stages, but the opening cannot be closed. This is the point. And you see this happening around the globe. I watched a programme on the news over the weekend related to the referendum in Ireland on same-sex marriage, and how fully that Roman Catholic country is dumping the old religious constraints and accepting new conditions which are banned by the Church. They gave statistics to show how followers/believers of orthodox religions are dwindling across the globe, but primarily in Western countries. Therefore, the last Pope – and this one agrees – that it is time to ‘harvest souls in India’. They are running out of fields they can harvest! Only Asia is left.
The reason for this is that the quarter which was in the Beyond/Heaven before the Supramental Manifestation is now brought within the reach of humans on Earth. In practical terms this means that the former dogma is being undermined. It may take a while – not too long from the looks of it – but it is inevitable that those apparently once iron-clad dogmas are obliterated. Truly a new Earth is born, even as the new cosmology is the new Heaven – experienced, seen, right here on this planet.
No time for more now.
2 June 2015 at 10:45 am #1054
Jeanette Caurant
I wasn’t familiar with the word ‘gopuram’ so I looked it up and found this –
“The Tamil derivation is from the two words: கோ (kō) and புறம் (puram) meaning ‘King’ and ‘exterior’ respectively.[5] It originates from the Sangam age when it was known as ஓங்கு நிலை வாயில் (ōnggu nilai vāyil) meaning ‘imperishable gateway’.[6]
Siegfried Lienhard considers this Tamil derivation but offers a new derivation from the Sanskrit word, गोपुर, is often translated as “town gate”. Separately, it consists of two words go,with the possible meanings of cow or sky, and pura, meaning city.[”
As Thea wrote in TNW 1&2 –
“this is one reason why the cow is venerated in India, because its gestation period is the same as the human; the cow thus becomes a symbol of this process, hence the Sanskrit word for cow (go) means also light;; the 9 cycle is the gestation period of the soul light.”
So the ‘gopuram’ is the entrance to the ‘City of Light’ or the’ Gateway to the Soul’ those 9 gestating months becoming the 10th and entrance into the middle of the Capricorn Mountain. All so connected.
Imperishable gateway! … Entrance to the City of Light …. So perfectly it all fits together. Thanks Thea, PH and JC for bringing the gopuram into focus. It’s tremendous … And underscores the problem of the ignorance and denial of Makar Sankranti all the more.
5 June 2015 at 11:33 pm #1056
Thea, you were talking with us last evening about the journey of The Magical Carousel – and there are a few points I will note here – perhaps you can expand on them and/or clarify them further…
The Magical Carousel is the Vedic myth – updated. All myth changes – myth is a cultural construct essentially – giving us a common way to see and understand the world we live in. You said that Sri Aurobindo and you REINSTATED the Vedic Myth/journey – which has become totally lost in today’s culture, in India. ” We are bringing it up to date for the Supramental Age. Sri Aurobindo wrote an Epic – Savitri; I wrote a Myth, naturally because myth comes from the soul. As the third in the Solar Line, this is where the myth arises and is lived. Both have the 12 stages as the backbone of the story.”
I asked you about the Capricorn initiation – in one of your replies in the Forum you said the essence of this experience was/is the discovery of simultaneous time. Is that something we also can expect in our journey through Capricorn? You noted that there were many planes symbolised in this chapter… the children rise from one to the next and the culmination is in the mountain cave. These planes are the various stages of purification of the self – such as in Integral Yoga . Also you expect that the initiation we go through would not be as painful…
You also commented that the story was as if projected in your mind’s eye – you saw if very clearly before you. That particular centre (the third eye) is no longer as active in you – the source of your seeing now is elsewhere.
The children are going to the Sun… instead of Saturn… that’s the first clue that it is a Vedic journey.
I will respond shortly, but I really would like to know why I am not getting a notice of your (and other) postings on this subject?
The Magical Carousel is the Vedic myth – updated. All myth changes – myth is a cultural construct essentially – giving us a common way to see and understand the world we live in. You said that Sri Aurobindo and you REINSTATED the Vedic Myth/journey – which has become totally lost in today’s culture, in India. “We are bringing it up to date for the Supramental Age. Sri Aurobindo wrote an Epic – Savitri; I wrote a Myth, naturally because myth comes from the soul. As the third in the Solar Line, this is where the myth arises and is lived. Both have the 12 stages as the backbone of the story.”
I asked you about the Capricorn initiation – in one of your replies in the Forum you said the essence of this experience was/is the discovery of simultaneous time. Is that something we also can expect in our journey through Capricorn? You noted that there were many planes symbolised in this chapter… the children rise from one to the next and the culmination is in the mountain cave. These planes are the various stages of purification of the self – such as in Integral Yoga. Also you expect that the initiation we go through would not be as painful…
You also commented that the story was as if projected in your mind’s eye – you saw it very clearly before you. That particular centre (the third eye) is no longer as active in you – the source of your seeing now is elsewhere.
Yes, it is true that Sri Aurobindo wrote the Epic of the Age. He based it on the ancient tale of Savitri and Satyavan. As the Avatar of Vishnu he simply followed the pattern set by the 7th and 8th. India’s two epics, the Ramayana and the Mahabharata preserve what was important to hand down to future ages about the 7th and 8th Avatars of Vishnu. No one disputes their avatarhood, or that they were the 7th and 8th in the Line. And these numbers figure prominently in their Epics. Problems arose when the 9th Manifestation set in. This would appear to have been deliberate – and indeed, the Purana describe the Buddha as a ‘ruse’ to divert the Asuras who were in search of the Veda, to draw them away from the Veda.
The Vedas were hidden in the depths of the ocean to keep them safe, the Puranas state. Mention was made of the Matsya/Fish Avatar in this context. I have pointed out that it was precisely when we entered the Age of Pisces and the beginning of the 9th Manifestation and the final round of the Precession that all this hiding and shadow-playing came to pass. If you look at these facts spherically and not linearly we understand the parable of the Vishnu Avatars differently. Those secrets hidden in the depths have to be brought to the surface again. That is the task set before the 9th.
Sri Aurobindo used the tale to convey his own process of Yoga by which he would fulfil his mission. Still those who swear by Savitri have much to learn of its hidden meaning. Be that as it may, we are concerned with the shape of things at this third stage where we stand at present. We do build on the former two stages, but certainly a demarcation was crossed when the third stage began: we moved from the Old Creation to the New. It is is simple as that.
In this light it is understandable that the contours of this stage are startling for the most part. The language used is most unspiritual (see next post). It will be satisfying only to those who by destiny are meant to follow the process of transformation into the new future – indeed, an entirely NEW future. There are no models to turn to in order to understand this New Way.
That is precisely the point: the New Way brings its own ‘science’, in the sense that one cannot seek confirmation beyond what has been established for the Supramental Manifestation; if that were not the case, could it qualify as ‘new’? In 1962, shortly after her monumental encounter with Death, the Mother spoke to her entourage regarding the task set before the Avatar in this Manifestation, that it would not be one avatar but a series, a line in time, she stated, or a line in space – or both. She knew that all the bases had to be covered for the full transformation to be accomplished and that in the lifetime of only one, it would not be possible. In The New Way 1-3, exactly what the Mother foresaw is described, based on the new cosmology that has evolved out of this unique descent. And yet Volumes 1 and 2 were destroyed at the Sri Aurobindo Ashram Press, though the Mother’s own words confirmed the correctness of what was written in that series to the letter.
In such incidences we are faced with the condition of the human consciousness and exactly what we need to deal with: we may proclaim one thing but our untransformed consciousness-being displays another. The human species is burdened with a very heavy baggage from the Piscean Age. But souls have taken birth, as the Mother explained in another remarkable insight in 1967, for this stage of the Work. They come far less burdened.
TMC can have appeal to those unburdened souls more than the others – that is, the youth spread here and there across the globe. The only problem is that they too must grow amidst the Old. There is no escape since the field is only one – this Earth we inhabit. We must establish the new consciousness right here and within the play of circumstances as they stand today; I would add using them for the purpose of transformation. This can be done; we are doing it all the time. This describes the stage of our endeavour where we are obliged to use thenegative as well as the positive to serve the purposes of the One.
To give an example, the youth today is conditioned by the untransformed world we live in. I describe it cosmologically as the world of an untransformed Mars. Thus instead of the heroism Mars embodies and the capacity to face challenges victoriously as in sports for example, we witness the opposite in an increasing display of an almost senseless violence. I am not at all advocating non-violence, especially of the brand we know today. In the midst of this untransformed world, we are constrained to respond to challenges on the basis of the known methods – that is the untransformed display of those Mars energies – for a while longer at least.
TMC is the new myth because it speaks to the new youth born to express something else. It speaks to all the planes of consciousness-being in a new way. Myths are entertaining; they always were, they always will be. In today’s world we know what ‘entertainment’ means: more and more violence. The increase of crash-bang-boom ‘entertainment’ is astonishing. How far is this to go? Because it is a fact that the vital feeds off all of this; the more you feed it, the more it demands. And the pitch must increase constantly to offer satisfaction. The same with sex. There was a contemporary guru who taught his followers to indulge as much as they liked to lessen desire. You can be sure that he gained a huge following! Anyone who has studied the matter knows that this is not the way to decrease anything; it only creates the demand for more and more. And yet, suppression is also not the way. Voilà, a conundrum…
How to engage the vital in an entertaining way without feeding these monsters? In TMC we find that the vital is thoroughly engaged. There is entertainment through adventure but never threatening to the point of needing to call forth a violent response. If TMC were ever to see its true ‘form’ materialised – that is in film – entertainment is a must; but there is anew way to achieve that; furthermore, the soul is evoked constantly and the reader/viewer sees him or herself projected in the experiences of the children, the tale’s main protagonists, as if in one’s own journey.
As the Third in the Line where the soul comes into play as contributing to the triadic manifestation, it is only natural that I should bring about the new myth. TMC is a prophetic journey – as I began to take up my work I realised it was foretelling the experiences I would have as well as the contours of the Knowledge I would bring down. But being the embodiment of that third ingredient, the soul as repository of one’s destiny is extended to all souls. The journey is universal. All one has to do is to penetrate those hidden chambers and embarkconsciously in the transformation of those recalcitrant Mars energies. The Vedic myth/journey describes the same experience. We can access it through the language of the zodiac, universal and eternal. This is the supreme aid that has been given to the human species; it is shaped according to the cultural accretions of each Age, but the essence remains always the same. It is interesting to note how vehemently this universal language is attacked in India today – and yet it is woven throughout the Rig Veda! That is the objective of an initiatic tongue such as Sanskrit: its many levels can hide or disclose the meaning of what the single word contains.
Regarding the Capricorn initiation as described in TMC, you have to see it in connection with the experiences the children undergo in its opposite sign on the wheel, Cancer. The Queen of Night, as the personification of the sign Cancer, is directly related to Omanisol of Capricorn. However, in the lower hemisphere (comprised of the first six signs) there is no attempt to be rid of what those beguiling displays of the Queen represent, or to transform them. Rather, she feeds those needs we carry within; and in so doing pins the children down to her lower realm – the realms beneath the horizon or the first six stages of the journey. As I have stated elsewhere, the only objective of the forces hostile to the attainment of the ultimate goal of the Journey is to stop the movement. The meaning is that if the journey is allowed to continue, inevitably the higher goal is reached because time irrevocably MOVES ON, and has but one evolutionary objective: to reach the 10th stage and the Victory. This is the destiny of our species.
On the other hand, when we do manage to overcome the enticements the lower hemisphere offers and free ourselves from Inertia, we enter the higher hemisphere at the service of a Higher Cause, as the myth explains. Then it is a question of transforming those energies to place them, precisely, at the service of the Higher Cause. Then at the summit we reach the abode of Omanisol, the higher compliment of the Queen of Night.
The amazing part of TMC is what the 10th chapter/land reveals, and it was entirely prophetic: it was the revelation of Simultaneous Time as expressed in the images the children see in the mountain-chamber. This was a story projected in my mind’s eye, between the eyebrows, indeed like a film. But being mythic in essence, of course it was prophetic of the knowledge contained in the soul and available to anyone who is able to ‘enter that chamber’ once having passed successfully the initiation ‘within the mountain’.
That pathway has been opened for others to follow, but as I noted in our discussion, it certainly does not have to be as hard as what I experienced. In the first place, such experiences are the point of convergence of the totality of conditions at any given time; therefore they will necessarily be different for each individual. The scope of that ‘totality’ is determined by the worlds embraced by the central consciousness. In my case, as a part of the Solar Line the scope was large enough to serve as a pioneering experience, a breakthrough happening as prophesied in the first chapter/land, Aries: the Ram of Golden Horns who crashes through all and any barrier at the very start of the journey. But it is also explained in the chapter that due to unforeseen and unexpected circumstances, the light to open the path had to be taken up by the children. Once opened it cannot be closed – but it can be ignored, up to a point.
Simultaneous Time (ST) is one aspect of the Knowledge in the Mountain. There is also Whole Time. The two are envisaged in the symbol of the Sun, the circle with a central point. Whole time is the circle, the periphery – in other words, the horizontal spread, as it were. ST is the vertical implant in the Point. Examples of the operation abound. I have given one on this Forum, the discovery of the last triad of planets: whole time would be the temporal boundary of the unveiling. That is, from 1782 to 1930. No gnostic sense can be made of the discovery of Uranus disconnected from whole time – that is, the connected discovery of the other two planets. That would be the temporal periphery of the discoveries, which is an integral experience of our solar system: it too functions on the basis of the essential trinity, as all of material creation does. One’s consciousness has to operate spherically and see Time in this comprehensive manner. If we move along and notch up each sighting disconnected from what follows, we understand nothing. This is the experience of ST in a nutshell. One’s consciousness is centred; a new alignment has been attained whereby from that central position we have a view of the entire periphery of the circle: whole time allows for ST. The issue is to raise one’s consciousness-being to a higher position on the ladder of perception and from there one is able to see Whole Time because it already exists, it already IS. ST is not the ability to know the past and the future as one readily imagines. It is far more advanced than that: it is a new faculty that has never been known to our species as it presently stands today, in this particular round of the Great Circle. Certainly it was known and experienced in very ancient times. But, so what? In what way is that related to what we can achieve today? Those texts can serve as reminders of what we can attain.
We return always to the central premise of the New Way: applicability. The examples I provide from time to time indicate that we can truly understand the harmony only when we realise that ST and WT are within the reach of the species; but it has to shed baggage! That is what the Capricorn initiation is about: baggage shedding – and this covers many levels and layers of both individual and collective consciousness. Our society is rapidly being put through the Initiation to shed baggage. For now this includes its moral structure. Breakthroughs in the hitherto accepted norms are being attacked, broken down, taxing our notions of what is good and right and morally acceptable. This is not done to cement those perceived extremes as the new structure of society, but rather just to clear the cobwebs away. Nothing more. What will come to replace the old forms remains to be seen. TMC provides an insight into what exactly that might be. For starts, a new way of Love is on the cards. That much I can state for certain.
Jan Shapiro
I have goose bumps having just read this. Need to let that image of the Sun, the Point (as ST) in the Circle (as WT), penetrate and illuminate my understanding of it. Powerful, powerful stuff. Thank you.
‘The Vedas were hidden in the depths of the ocean to keep them safe, the Puranas state. Mention was made of the Matsya/Fish Avatar in this context. I have pointed out that it was precisely when we entered the Age of Pisces and the beginning of the 9th Manifestation and the final round of the Precession that all this hiding and shadow-playing came to pass. If you look at these facts spherically and not linearly we understand the parable of the Vishnu Avatars differently. Those secrets hidden in the depths have to be brought to the surface again. That is the task set before the 9th.’
I believe mention of Matsya/Pisces was not explained properly for those who are not familiar with my earlier writings on this subject. It is important, and therefore I intend to clarify, because again we have a key to the manner in which the zodiac was used from the Vedic Age through the Puranic period – but today completely lost. In fact, that is the purpose of all the ‘hiding’ business. It helps us understand that the new myth tells us the same tale.
The 9th Manifestation consists of three zodiacal signs, Pisces, Aquarius and Capricorn. By the Precessional movement we first touch Pisces, the sign of the Fish, as the name implies. This occurred in 234 BCE, perhaps several hundred years after the arrival of Gautam the Buddha. Mention of the Buddha as a ‘ruse’ of the Supreme in order to distract the Asuras so they would not gain knowledge of the Veda, Matsya Avatar hides them in the ocean. Every time we reach Pisces in the movement of the astrological ages, something of this nature must come to pass. Ours times tells the story perfectly. It also reveals how TMC is that new myth because, as the story goes, Pisces is a water sign, hence the ‘ocean’ is appropriate; through TMC we learn (Chapter 12) that it is not just any ocean: it is the cosmic sea. One of the chapters I enjoyed writing the most was this one.
Both the Puranic tale and TMC are prophetic of precisely our times in India today. The Veda are preserved, and protected, in the cosmos – hidden there. Only through the proper poise gained through a certain initiation – the purification of the being to eliminate any shadows that would contaminate the Knowledge (veda) – can we SEE what would stand right before our eyes. The zodiac (in the cosmic sea or the ocean where Matsya hides the Knowledge) contains the Veda, if we know how to find it.
When certain Manifestations come about in the vast movements of Time the veils are lifted and that perennial knowledge is revealed once again. We are blessed to live in one of those very Manifestations when the Vishnu Avatar takes birth and along with his helpers the truth is retrieved from the depths.
I want to give you all another example of an operation that is particular to the expression of the Knowledge at this third stage. It concerns this question of bringing down into this material creation of 9, what ‘exists’ in the subtle plane, or the creative plane of the physical, as the Mother calls it.
What I place before you has happened several times so there is a certain consistency. The first to be noted concerns TNW, Vols. 1&2. I always write my books and articles by hand before consigning them to the computer (or the typewriter in the old days as when I wrote all the volumes of TNW and most of my books). At a certain point I wrote to the effect that we have reached halfway, the 4.5 of this study. It just came naturally and was ‘known’ by the Knowledge I was capturing in the text, or giving to it the ‘body’ of the written word. This was in 1977. I did not intend to publish at all at that time.
As it turned out I did send it to press in 1979, but after the first attempt was foiled, it was finally printed in Canada. I then saw that indeed what I wrote was correct: that was the halfway point of TNW1&2. The evidence is available for anyone who has a copy. It needs to be noted that many diagrams were inserted only when the book went to press, long after the writing was over of the text. So, there was no way to know that the midway mark was reached – except through the Knowledge itself. We could say that the book already existed somewhere and therefore I could know. Perhaps.
The same thing happened with the second printing of TMC, when I wrote theCommentaries in 1979`. The latter was typeset at a different press than where TMC was being photographed and reprinted. As it turned out, the two volumes resulted exactly the same number of pages; if I recall one was 152, and the other was 153 (my birth numbers in fact). This sort of thing happens regularly at this stage because the physical is engaged and the harmony is extended all the way down to that level where earlier it had been ignored. Or at least not brought into the ambit of the transformation. Again, the book with its final body EXISTS. We are the instruments to give fix it on the physical plane. The latest book published, TTDV2, follows a similar pattern.
In a well known book on Hindu Mythology written by Dr. Devdutt Pattanaik( Myth=Mithya) he says ”every time dharma is threatened Vishnu mounts his eagle, the mighty Garuda, and comes to earth ready to do battle .. the forms in each descent is different because the demands of the world each time are different. The different avatars thus reinforce the idea that rules and regulations that maintain order are not static by nature…as man’s understanding of the world changes, desires change and so do concepts of order. Rules have to therefore constantly adapt themselves. Social stability must not be compromised, yet new ideas must be respected. Vishnu’s descents are not just about re-establishig order. It is also about redefining them. Each avatar of Vishnu involves a crisis involving the Goddess…” pp. 119-120
He then goes on to state that the crisis of Rama was Sita’s abduction; the crisis of Krishna was to help Draupadi… :And then his graph appears on p. 120 in which all the avatars are listed: Buddha is the 9th as Teacher who propagates monasticism, and Kalki is the 10th: Revolutionary who dismantles the world.
The Ruse of hiding the Veda (Forum entry above) surely lives on in popular Indian mythology!
The 7th and 8th Avatars in this presentation are concerned about social order – Rama to keep it intact and Krishna to dismantle it, revolution.
It is interesting that the author does not talk about any myth of the 9th – Buddha. or go anywhere near that area; his entire book explores the big stories and characters of the 7th and 8th Ages.
How strong that imprinting was/is and how different the new myth: no violent bloodbaths, chopping off heads, battlefields; also no morality.
The two children are warrior-types of a different age, for a different purpose/goal.
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Mick Garris To Put Horror Interview Collection Online In One Place
Posted by Clarke Wolfe on August 17, 2014
Finally!!! If you already know what I’m talking about, you know why this is so freaking exciting. If you don’t know what I’m talking about, prepare to lose days watching these videos on YouTube.
Let me explain… While Mick Garris is a known horror writer, producer and director in his own right (he was behind the camera on Critters 2 and various Stephen King adaptations including the TV versions of The Shining, The Stand and Bag of Bones) he is also known in the horror community as the guy who gets all the other guys together. Garris started interviewing horror and sci-fi creators back in the late 1970s on the Los Angeles cable station, The Z Channel. There, he interviewed horror legends like Veronica Cartwright, William Peter Blatty, Roger Corman, John Landis, Steven Spielberg and Jamie Lee Curtis, just to name a few. He is also known for the interview series he produced and hosted called Post Mortem which aired on the now extinct FEAR NET.
If you’ve ever wandered down the rabbit hole of trying to watch these Mick Garris interviews, and they are a must see for any horror fan, then you know how incredibly frustrating it has been attempting to find all parts of the segment, in order and in one place. The Post Mortem show was especially difficult due mostly to the weird way FEAR NET’s video organization was handled.
Now, Garris has compiled his interviews from The Z Channel Show Fantasy Film Festival, Post Mortem and the commentary he provided on Trailers From Hell all in two places: a YouTube channel and a website, MickGarrisInterviews.com. Garris will release one interview a week on his sites, his four-part Post Mortem John Carpenter and John Bedham Fantasy Film Festival conversations already having gone up.
Are you excited to check out Garris’s collection of interviews with the horror masters? Which are some of your favorites? I’m partial to his Post Mortem with William Friedkin and Frank Darabont myself. Let’s hear what you think in the comments below!
Bag of Bones, Critters 2, Fantasy Film Festival, Frank Darabont, genre, horror, Interview, Jamie Lee Curtis, John Bedham, John Carpenter, john landis, Masters of Horror, Mick Garris, roger corman, sci-fi, Sleepwalkers, stephen king, steven spielberg, The Shining, The Stand, The Z Channel, Veronica Cartwright, william friedkin, William Peter Blatty
Everything Coming to Streaming in February 2019
There Will Be No Sweethearts Candies Sold This Valentine's Day
Mick Garris Interviews says:
Thanks so much for the very kind attention!
Now live on the channel: Roger Corman on POST MORTEM, a panel of Joe Dante, Barbara Steele, and Paul Bartel from a 1979 FANTASY FILM FESTIVAL, and The Making of GREMLINS.
Why Was BATTLETOADS So Damn Hard?
Spider-Man: Across the Spider-Verse (Part One) promises more multiverse fun. https://t.co/qHHj6CT5Vq
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Home Artworks Court of Common Pleas, Westminster Hall
Court of Common Pleas, Westminster Hall
Auguste Charles Pugin (1762 - 1832)
Joseph Constantine Stadler (1755 - 1828)
Thomas Rowlandson (1756 - 1827)
Coloured aquatint
Place: Royal Courts of Justice, The Strand
Augustus Charles Pugin fled to England in the 1790s, either because of his Royalism or on account of a duel. He seems to have landed in Wales, where he became a friend of the architect John Nash (1752–1835). He worked as a general artist, providing designs for Nash and painting scenery, before moving to London and studying at the Royal Academy Schools. He first exhibited architectural designs at the Academy in 1799 and, from 1807, began to exhibit at the Old Watercolour Society. Pugin worked on several projects for Rudolf Ackermann, including plates for The Microcosm of London and The Abbey Church of Westminster (1811–12). During this period he set up a school of architectural drawing and began to publish his own works. He was the father of A. W. N. Pugin, who designed the interiors of the Houses of Parliament.
Joseph Constantine Stadler was a prolific German émigré engraver of images after his contemporaries. His engravings are wide-ranging in subject matter and include landscapes, seascapes and portraits, as well as military, sporting and decorative subjects. Stadler was employed by the leading print publisher of the time, John Boydell (1720-1804). On 23 March 1799 Stadler married Ann Elizabeth Sandman at St Anne’s Church, Soho, in London. He was living in Knightsbridge when he died at the age of 73.
Thomas Rowlandson was born in London, the son of a bankrupt wool and silk merchant. He studied at the Royal Academy Schools, making a trip to Paris during his time there, and won the silver medal in 1777. During the next two decades he made several continental tours, visiting France, Italy, Germany and Holland, as well as travelling extensively in England and Wales. He exhibited from 1775 to 1787 and, in 1789, received a legacy from an aunt, which he is said to have gambled away. From 1798, much of his work was for Rudolf Ackermann, most notably his illustrations for the three Tours of Dr Syntax (published 1812, 1820, and 1821) and The Microcosm of London (1808–10). He revisited France in 1814 and Italy in about 1820. Rowland continued to work almost until the end of his life. He is most famous as a caricaturist, but his work also included figure studies, portraits, marine subjects and landscapes.
England, London, Westminster
book, topography, man, 19th century costume, judge, lawyer, law court, hall, balcony, legal interior
Materials & Techniques
aquatint, coloured aquatint
Purchased from Frank T Sabin, January 1973
GAC number
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Koforidua Cultural Centre Inaugurated But Can’t Be Accessed
Renovated Koforidua Cultural Centre
Micheal Akrofi, the Koforidua Peace FM Correspondent, has confirmed that the inaugurated Cultural Center at Koforidua is under lock and the contractor is in possession of the keys. The facility has no chairs, he added.
The reporter, speaking on Peace FM’s Entertainment Review on January 26, 2019 explained that indeed the cultural center has been completed and inaugurated with some lighting and sound facilities provided. Meanwhile, the facility is still under lock and the keys still with the contractor which makes it impossible to access.
The reporter further said that, it’s being rumored that the contractor still has the keys because he’s not been fully settled for his work done. He continued that the place was opened and filled with ‘rented’ chairs for the inauguration when the renovation was completed.
Meanwhile, when he, the reporter, went back to the place, it was then realized that the place can’t be accessed because the contractor still had the keys. According to the reporter, peeping through the sliding windows, he again realized the place was without the chairs seen at the inauguration ceremony.
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One of the shows pundit, however, explained that the place has 500 chairs out of the proposed 1500 and also ceiling fans installed instead of air conditions.
The Koforidua Cultural Centre which was started in 1964, under the late Osagyefo Dr. Kwame Nkrumah but was left unattended to by the successive governments.
The Deputy Minister for Tourism, Arts and Culture, Dr Ziblim Iddi at the inaugural ceremony said, the completion was to fulfill the manifesto promise of the New Patriotic Party (NPP) to complete the various regional cultural centres, which were at various stages of construction to help provide decent halls for the creative and the performing arts in the country.
He continued that, the lack of infrastructure had led to the virtual collapse of the culture and creative arts industry in the country.
Dr Iddi said, performers have no decent halls to rehearse or put up drama or musical concerts, while fine artists of all categories lack studios and craft shops to create their works or distribution outlets and exhibition halls to market their works.
He further said the completion of the performance theatre would help revive all sectors of the arts and its accompanied benefits and opportunities to the practitioners and professionals in the region and the country at large.
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10 of the best Metaverse crypto coins that may explode in 2022
These 10 Metaverse cryptos can make you rich in 2022
There has been a lot of excitement around Metaverse cryptocurrencies since 2021. This has a lot to do with the move by Facebook to rebrand to Meta. Being one of the largest tech organisations globally, Facebook created an instant appeal to a market that has seen lots of technical improvements since 2019.
In fact, towards the end of 2021, Metaverse cryptocurrencies were among the best performers. Some of them delivered gains upwards of 10,000% within the year. With many positive projections around the Metaverse, there is every indication that Metaverse cryptocurrencies could outperform the market this year.
On this basis, it makes sense to start scouting for the best Metaverse cryptocurrencies to buy for 2022. The crypto market is just starting to recover from a massive correction earlier in the year, which means current prices are a perfect entry point into high-quality projects.
To make it easier for you to choose, here are 10 of the best Metaverse crypto coins that may explode in 2022. While the cryptocurrency market offers no guarantees, these 10 Metaverse cryptocurrencies have a high potential to beat the market in 2022.
Decentraland has emerged as one of the most adopted Metaverse cryptocurrencies in the market today. In late 2021, Decentraland made headlines when a piece of virtual real estate worth $2.4 million was sold on its Metaverse.
The most recent news about Decentraland involves Samsung, which opened a virtual store on this Metaverse. With such high-profile adoptions, there is no doubt that Decentraland could perform pretty well in 2022.
Besides this growing adoption, Decentraland has an edge because it gets the whole essence of the Metaverse. The Metaverse is meant to be community-owned, giving everyone on the planet to do whatever they want. That’s exactly what Decentraland does because a DAO governs it. Pretty much anyone who owns MANA tokens has the power to determine how decisions are made on Decentraland. That’s a big deal, and could see MANA rocket in 2022, and beyond.
Sandbox rocketed by thousands of percentages in 2021. While it started the year in the red, it seems to have found the bottom and is currently gaining upside momentum.
So far, Sandbox’s success has a lot to do with its approach to a large, and fast-growing gaming ecosystem. This has been drawing in gamers looking into play-to-earn gaming to have fun and make a living off gaming.
Besides, the rewards won or created in the Sandbox gaming ecosystem are easily transferable to any other platform. This has made it one of the top platforms for gamers and creators looking to make money off gaming NFTs.
Considering that the SAND token is necessary for one to transact within the Sandbox ecosystem, adoption could grow in 2022. With all these factors at play, it is not surprising that SAND is one of the 10 best Metaverse crypto coins that may explode in 2022.
Axie Infinity, like the other two above, was a top Metaverse cryptocurrency performer in 2021. Looking ahead into 2022, there are multiple reasons to believe that AXS could still outperform the broader cryptocurrency market by a huge margin. One of the key factors likely to drive Axie Infinity stock price in 2022 is FOMO around Metaverse cryptocurrencies.
Since it is one of the most recognised Metaverse cryptocurrencies, it is likely to experience an upsurge in investments as excitement around Metaverse cryptos rises.
Best of all, Axie Infinity has a strong, and well-funded developer team. Back in 2021, the company behind Axie Infinity raised more than $150 million from its venture capital backers. The money has been put to good use, and in October 2021, Axie Infinity version 2 was released.
A combination of market recognition and a well-oiled money machine puts AXS among 10 of the best Metaverse crypto coins that may explode in 2022.
RFOX (RFOX)
The Metaverse is like every other aspect of the cryptocurrency market. While it pays to invest in large-cap cryptocurrencies, the maximum profit potential is usually found in the lower-cap cryptocurrencies. That’s where RFOX comes into play. RFOX has a market cap of slightly over $120 million. This gives it a lot of room to grow as excitement around the Metaverse grows.
Besides its low market capitalisation, there are fundamental reasons why RFOX makes sense as an investment. While most Metaverse cryptocurrencies are focused on the gaming industry, RFOX takes a more holistic approach to the Metaverse with the goal of building a replica of the real world, including commerce on the Metaverse.
This gives RFOX a wider adoption scope and could play a huge role in its long-term growth. For this reason, RFOX is one of the 10 best Metaverse crypto coins that may explode in 2022.
Like RFOX, Terra Virtua Kolect makes it to the list of 10 best Metaverse crypto coins that may explode in 2022 for its low market cap. TVK is still in its infancy and has a slightly over $116 million market capitalisation. This means it has a lot of room to grow as investments in the Metaverse grow.
However, it’s not just the low market capitalisation that makes TVK a worthy Metaverse investment in 2022. There is also the fact that has a variety of digital collectibles. It has everything from Godzilla-v-Kong to Top Gun. This has made it a favourite for gamers, a factor that could help drive up the value of TVK as the year progresses.
Atlas is the perfect Metaverse for play-to-earn gamers and futurists who love to envision the world hundreds of years ahead. The way it works is simple, players solve problems in a futuristic version of earth, 600-years from now and earn rewards for it. Like other Metaverse projects in the market today, the aspect of earning rewards that can be sold as NFTs makes POLIS a very attractive Metaverse platform for gamers.
POLIS is a perfect investment because it is the token used for transactions within the Star Atlas DAO from an investor perspective. This means as more gamers enter the Star Atlas DAO ecosystem, the value of POLIS will go up.
Besides, POLIS has a pretty low market cap (under $100 million). This leaves a lot of room for growth when you consider that the Metaverse could be a trillion-dollar market by the 2030s.
Defina Finance (FINA)
While the cryptocurrency market has been on a downtrend for the first two weeks of January 2022, FINA has defied the trend. It has been on an uptrend throughout this period, and momentum is on the rise.
Defina is a relatively new platform and gives gamers an all-in-one platform to collect, play and trade NFTs. Everything that players create in the Defina Finance ecosystem, they fully own. This makes the platform highly attractive to play-to-earn gamers who also want to create a portfolio of NFTs for long-term wealth creation.
However, the biggest reason why Defina is a must-hold this year is its token buyback program. In December 2021, Defina announced a bountiful BNB budget that is being used to buyback tokens from the secondary market and reward staking. A more elastic swap pool will be created with 40% of the sales.
Like a share buyback program in the stock markets, this is a factor that could help push FINA to new heights in 2022. For this reason, FINA can’t miss among the 10 best Metaverse crypto coins that may explode in 2022.
Etherland (ELAND)
Etherland is one of the Metaverse projects with the highest potential for adoption going into the future. That’s because it aims to connect the virtual and real worlds, by turning real-world items into NFTs.
ELAND tokens are a means of exchange that ensure the uniqueness, reliability, and genuineness in an NFT content representing real-world data. It also guarantees that you have got what is yours.
This is a big deal as it could unlock a whole new world where pretty much everything from cars to real estate could be turned into digitally tradable NFTs. This potential coupled with the fact that ELAND is still a small-cap cryptocurrency ($1 million market cap) makes it one of the best Metaverse crypto coins that may explode in 2022.
DotMoovs (MOOV)
DotMoovs is one interesting Metaverse platform in that it takes on the multi-billion dollar soccer market. It allows friends to bet on games, and even play virtual soccer just like they would in conventional virtual soccer platforms like FIFA.
The only difference is that the rewards are in MOOV tokens that can either be turned be exchanged for Fiat or other cryptocurrencies. Essentially, it players to have fun while at the same time making money off fantasy football.
MOOV can also be staked, which creates an element of passive income around MOOV. A combination of a large market (soccer), and the hype around the Metaverse as a whole, it is not hard to see why MOOV is one of the 10 best Metaverse crypto coins that may explode in 2022.
MetaHero is one of the Metaverse projects that have risen pretty fast since it launched. It has grown so fast because of its use of a technology that creates ultra-realistic avatars in the Metaverse.
This has given it a lot of potential for adoption not just in gaming but also in multiple other industries. Besides its technical capabilities, MetaHero has a relatively low market cap. This gives it a lot of room for growth going into the future as adoption grows.
All the above Metaverse cryptocurrencies have a high chance of exploding in value in 2022. However, you need to be aware that cryptocurrencies are highly volatile investments. As such, it is best to do your own research before investing in any of them.
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Bob Mankoff
Educational, 29-Jul-2021
Originally broadcast at 10:30 a.m. ET Thursday, July 29, 2021.
For over 40 years, Bob Mankoff has been the driving force of comedy and wit at some of the most honored publications in America, including Esquire and The New Yorker, where he co-created the famous “New Yorker Cartoon Caption Contest.” Mankoff has devoted his life to discovering just what makes us laugh, and seeks every outlet to do so, from developing The New Yorker’s web presence to integrating it with algorithms and A.I. He is currently the cartoon editor at the weekly online newsletter Air Mail. For 20 years as Cartoon Editor for The New Yorker, Mankoff pored over thousands of submissions each week, analyzing, critiquing, and selecting each cartoon. He mentored cartoonists, new and old, toward the laughs readers expect. In 2005, he helped start the “New Yorker Cartoon Caption Contest.” With 5,000 reader submissions a week and millions of entries to date, Mankoff partnered with Microsoft and Google Deep Mind to develop algorithms to help cull the funniest captions. In 2018, Mankoff launched CartoonCollections.com, bringing together cartoons from the New Yorker and previously unavailable cartoons from National Lampoon, Esquire, Playboy, and Barron’s, to create the largest cartoon licensing source on the planet. Mankoff is the author of numerous books, including his New York Times bestselling memoir, How About Never – Is Never Good For You?: My Life In Cartoons, and Have I Got a Cartoon for You!: The Moment Magazine Book of Jewish Cartoons, which was a Finalist for INDIES Book of the Year in 2019. Please note that Bob Mankoff replaces previously announced Tig Notaro, who is unavailable due to a new film project.
This program is made possible by the Locke-Irwin Fund and the Dorothy M. Wissel Lectureship.
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The galaxy’s red giant bones
by Elisabeth Newton | Nov 29, 2012 | Daily Paper Summaries | 0 comments
Location in the galactic plane of stars in the sample from Miglio et al. (Fig 1b)
Title: Galactic archaeology: mapping and dating stellar populations with asteroseismology of red-giant stars
Author: A. Miglio, C. Chiappini, T. Morel, M. Barbieri et al.
Institution: University of Birmingham, UK
I’ll admit, I was disappointed to learn that archaeology is limited to the study of human history – if you want dinosaur bones, you want a paleontologist. This means that astronomy might be stuck with yet another inappropriate piece of terminology: “galactic archaeology” is the term that has come to refer to using the motions and chemical compositions of stars of different ages to learn about the history of the Milky Way. It seems to me that “galactic paleontology” might be a bit more accurate (full disclosure: I’m a dinosaur fan). But that’s coming from someone who took a class devoted to dinosaurs in college; what do you all think? I hope to see galactic archaeology v. galactic paleontology fought out in the comments.
The paper for today’s astrobite digs into the topic of galactic archaeology using asteroseismology, which is the study of stellar pulsations (see these astrobites). Asteroseismology is an important tool because it provides the only way to directly measure the mass and radii of distant stars, although it relies on using colors to determine a star’s temperature. The authors apply asteroseismology methods to measure the stellar masses and radii of 2000 red giant stars. Red giants are evolved stars and have a range of masses, ages, and chemical compositions. The red giants in their sample include stars in two distinct parts of the galaxy, as shown to the right. I’ll call them the “blue” and “red” samples (this is just to distinguish between their samples – all the stars are red giant stars). Importantly, the stars in the “blue” sample are located closer to the galactic plane than the stars in the “red” sample.
Vertical location of stars in their sample. The y axis shows the distance from (i.e. height above or below) the galactic plane. Two samples, the "red" and "blue" samples are shown. (Fig 1a).
Miglio et al. look at the stellar masses and radii of the “blue” and “red” samples. The radii of the two samples are indistinguishable within the uncertainties, but the mass distributions are different: the “red” sample is skewed towards lower masses. When they simulate the population of stars they would expect to see in the two samples, they find that the “red” sample is expected to be older. Previous work shows that the age difference would result in a difference in mass distribution, as is seen.
The authors interpret the age/mass differences between the “red” and “blue” sample as being due to their different locations in the galaxy. Stars in the “red” sample are farther from the galactic plane, and are on average older (and therefore more low mass) stars. Studying stars at different heights above the galactic plane therefore lets us do galactic archaeology, because we are studying stars of different ages. (This idea has been used previously, for example by West et al., who call the method “galactic stratigraphy.”)
Pulsating red giants are particularly promising targets for galactic archaeology. The ages of these stars span most of the the Milky Way’s history and, with a good estimate of the chemical composition, the ages of the stars can even be measured. Because they are bright, they can be seen out to large distances in the Milky Way, allowing us to probe stars very far from the galactic plane. Because they are pulsating, asteroseismology can be used to measure accurate masses, radii and distances.
About Elisabeth Newton
Elisabeth was a Harvard graduate student and an astrobites and ComSciCon co-founder and is now a professor at Dartmouth College.
Investigating stars like our Sun using asteroseismology And now there’s a problem with M dwarfs, too Finding the Helium Flash How old is the Hyades?
Kepler habitability transits stars astrophysics theory astronomical methods protoplanetary disks AAS AGN black holes galaxies simulations stellar evolution Milky Way planet formation observations star formation solar system gravitational waves exoplanets supernovae cosmology galaxy evolution radio astronomy spectroscopy planetary science astronomy binary stars dark matter
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Astronautics
link to Spaceplanes v Capsules – Which Will Get Us to the Stars?
Spaceplanes v Capsules – Which Will Get Us to the Stars?
Following the successful testing of Space X’s “Crew Dragon” and continuing work on the Boeing CST-100 Starliner, a fleet of new spacecraft will be entering service during 2020/1 to replace the...
link to How To Become an Astronaut in the UK – Key Requirements
How To Become an Astronaut in the UK – Key Requirements
New spacecraft are coming into service that will reduce the cost of access to space for aspiring astronauts and, despite the Covid virus pandemic issues, the world’s space agencies are taking on...
link to The Benefits and Drawbacks of Space Tourism – A 2021 Guide
The Benefits and Drawbacks of Space Tourism – A 2021 Guide
“Space travel is returning to where it started: with maverick pioneers dreaming of journeys to orbit and beyond, some carrying out rocket experiments in their own backyards. The rise of citizen...
« PREV Page 1 Page 2
Nick Spall has written extensively for various periodicals over the years, covering a wide range of aviation, spaceflight and astronomy topics. He has provided national and international TV and radio contributions, plus has covered major aviation and space events such as the Space Shuttle launches and Mars landers. Providing in-depth articles for magazines such as Sky at Night, BBC Science Focus, Aviation International, Aerospace International, ROOM space magazine and SpaceFlight magazine, Nick has interviewed many astronauts and space scientists.
Copyright About Aerospace 2022
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Which is the most expensive lockstitching machine in the U.S.?
Comments Off on Which is the most expensive lockstitching machine in the U.S.?
Lockstitch is a process that uses glue to attach metal strips to wood or other surfaces.
The metal strips are then attached to a special, adjustable piece of machinery called a machine gun, which then cuts the strips in precise patterns.
Lockstitches are commonly used to make locks, doorframes, doors, window frames and many other items, but they can also be used to create furniture, doors and even vehicles.
According to the company, lockstitches cost between $50 and $150.
But some of the cheaper machines are only about $60.
In some states, such as Tennessee and Arizona, locksmiths are not required to pay sales taxes, and some state regulators are cracking down on the practice.
A recent study found that the industry accounted for $13.4 billion in sales last year, according to Lockstitched.com.
The study, however, did not include the $3.3 billion in profits that the U-Lock company made from the sale of locks, which made up more than 30% of the company’s revenue last year.
Lock-stitching is also growing fast.
In 2010, the company said that it was growing at a rate of nearly 9,000 people per year.
That year, the number of locks in production jumped to 2,846 from 1,634, and the average age of locks was about 25 years.
That’s a lot of locks to sell and a lot to handle.
The company is also adding jobs, as it expands into the service industry and is expanding into other industries like aerospace, automotive and construction.
In 2014, Lockstitching.com said that the number was up to 6,732.
The new employees will add jobs to LockStitch.com’s workforce and help it expand to the service, aerospace and construction industries, according.
The jobs are being created mainly at LockStitched.
The companies website says that the company has hired about 6,000 new employees since 2010.
LockStitching.org has a blog with posts about the company.
It also posts about locksticking and offers a weekly newsletter that includes the company updates and events.
Lock Stitch is not the only one to be cracking down.
In 2012, the California Department of Justice filed a complaint with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) that said that LockStitches’ sales of locks were illegal.
According, LockSticks “is a company whose sole business is to sell locks.”
The complaint alleges that Locksticks sales were based on deceptive practices and deceptive business practices.
The state’s complaint also said that since 2012, Lock Stitches has increased its marketing and advertising to mislead customers and falsely advertise its products and services.
The SEC also alleged that Lock Sticks sales have not been limited to the sale or use of locksticks, but have been spread throughout the use of the locks and are marketed as locks by LockStix, Lock-Stitch, LockLocks and others.
The California Department for the Environment filed a lawsuit against LockStikings in 2013.
In a court filing, the department said that lockstick sales are a major threat to the public health and welfare and that Lock-Steks use of hazardous materials is a significant factor contributing to global warming.
In response, LockSters company issued a statement saying that LockSteks is committed to the safety of its customers and that it does not use hazardous materials in any of its operations.
The attorney for the company did not immediately respond to a request for comment.
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HANSARD 1803–2005 → 1880s → 1887 → August 1887 → 16 August 1887 → Commons Sitting → ORDERS OF THE DAY.
PART II.
HC Deb 16 August 1887 vol 319 cc687-814 687
§ General Rules.
§ Clause 50 (General rules).
§ MR. FENWICK (Northumberland, Wansbeck)
In the absence of my hon. Friend the Member for Mid Durham (Mr. W. Crawford), I beg to move the Amendment which stands in his name—namely, to omit the words "so far as is reasonably practicable." the words proposed to be left out are similar to the words introduced into the Act of 1872, which led to so much contention and unpleasantness. If these words are omitted, the clause will run thus—"The following general rules shall be observed in every mine." We fear that if the words "so far as is reasonably practicable" are retained in the clause they may give rise to considerable difficulty. What might appear to be reasonable in one case might be very unreasonable in another.
§ Amendment proposed, in page 28, lines 25 and 26, leave out "so far as is reasonably practicable."—(Mr. Fenwick.)
§ Question proposed, "That the words proposed to be left out stand part of the Clause."
§ MR. TOMLINSON (Preston)
These words are contained in the Act of 1872, and, as far as I know, no difficulty has ever arisen in regard to them. I think it is hardly too much to ask for some reasonable protection against the employment of these rules with unnecessary severity.
§ THE SECRETARY OF STATE FOR THE HOME DEPARTMENT (Mr. MATTHEWS) (Birmingham, E.)
I quite understand the motives of the hon. Member, but some words of the kind are absolutely necessary, seeing that the rules are quite imperative; and it has been laid down by the Court of Queen's Bench that they may be dispensed with in cases in which physical or engineering difficulties prevent them from being carried out. That is the only effect of the qualification. The effect of striking out the words would be to make the rules imperative without any qualification whatever; and persons disobeying them, no matter what the physical difficulties may be which prevent their 688 being carried out, would be liable to a criminal prosecution for the non-observance of them.
§ MR. FENWICK
Who is to interpret the words "reasonably practicable"—who is to decide whether a particular matter is reasonably practicable or not? If it is to be left to the manager, the door will be opened to abuses which the workmen will have no means of preventing or limiting. The words are very elastic, and therefore we desire to have them expunged from the Bill.
§ MR. MATTHEWS
The interpreters of the rules will be the Court who would have to try a man for violating them. The hon. Member for Rhondda (Mr. W. Abraham) will probably remember the case in which a miner was tried for firing the gas in a working place, and in that case the Court took upon itself the interpretation of the rules. With such power in the hands of the Court I think the clause, with these words retained in it, will be perfectly satisfactory.
§ MR. ARTHUR O'CONNOR (Donegal, E.)
I suppose everybody is agreed that it is a fundamental principle in good administration to fix the responsibility upon someone. The right hon. Gentleman has referred to the decision, of the Court of Queen's Bench; but between the Court of Queen's Bench and the manager stands first of all the Inspector, and secondly the Home Office. There is nothing here to guide a Court of Law in deciding what is or is not reasonably practicable, and the rules are left in a most indefinite manner. If the Inspector could be appealed to as to what is reasonably practicable, or if the Home Office could decide whether a manager has infringed the spirit of the rule, a considerable number of questions and matters of complaint on the part of the workmen would be got rid of. Circumstances are constantly changing in mining operations, so that it is almost impossible for the same case to occur again; and, therefore, a decision of the Court of Queen's Bench in reference to the violation of a rule in one case may not apply to a complaint of a similar violation in another. Therefore it is not unreasonable to ask that there should be some definition of what is reasonably practicable, both in the case of the miners and of the owners and managers.
§ COLONEL BLUNDELL (Lancashire, S.W., Ince)
The Inspector would interpret the act of the manager in precisely the same manner as he would interpret all other cases, and the Inspector would challenge any improper act on the part of the manager.
§ MR. W. ABRAHAM (Glamorgan, Rhondda)
Will the hon. and gallant Gentleman pardon me? It is altogether illusory to say that the Inspector will insist upon having the rules strictly adhered to by the manager.
§ COLONEL BLUNDELL
I said that the Inspector would challenge the acts of the manager.
§ MR. W. ABRAHAM
Then I say again that after what we heard in this House last night upon the question of inspectorship, it is impossible for the Inspector to visit each colliery even once in every 12 months; and if he does not go there how is he going to challenge the conduct of the manager, in regard to the ventilation of the mine for instance? I understand that the Home Secretary does not intend, personally, to relax these rules in any way so as to increase the danger of working the mine. It has already been pointed out that the circumstances of various collieries are very rarely the same; and, therefore, what is reasonable and practicable in one might be very unreasonable and impracticable in another. The right hon. Gentleman says that that is the reason why these words ought to be retained in the clause; but we ask who is to decide the question? The right hon. Gentleman says the Court; but the question will not be brought before the Court until some accident happens. I hope that the Home Secretary will not insist upon the retention of the words.
§ MR. HENRY H. FOWLER (Wolverhampton, E.)
May I point out a practical difficulty in working this provision in connection with the 21st clause, which provides that, under certain circumstances, the owner and agent of the mine shall not be liable to a fine in the event of the rules being infringed. I quite agree with the hon. Member who has just sat down, that what may be reasonably practicable in one mine may not be reasonably practicable in another. I think the matter is one which ought to be looked at very carefully, and I would suggest that some elasticity 690 should be introduced upon this point, and that it should be left to the Inspector or the Home Secretary to determine how the rules are to be applied. Rules which may be absolutely necessary in the collieries of the North of England or Wales may be in the highest degree prejudicial in the case of the Staffordshire collieries. I would suggest that some such words as these might be introduced into the clause—"except the Home Secretary or the Inspector shall otherwise determine." I do not think that it would be right to leave the determination to the discretion of a Court of Summary Jurisdiction.
§ MR. F. S. POWELL (Wigan)
The language of Clause 51 is precisely the same as that of the old law, which provides that in certain cases the owner, agent, and manager shall each be guilty of an offence against the Act unless he can prove that he has taken all reasonable means to prevent the contravention or non-compliance with the rules. Unless there is some elasticity in regard to these rules I am afraid they might be made so rigid that it would be impossible to carry them out in their present form.
§ MR. BURT (Morpeth)
This is one of the most important, if not the most important, of the Amendments which have been placed upon the Paper. It is quite true that these words are in the existing Act, and they were put into the existing Act in substitution of other words which it was considered would be still more objectionable—namely, the words "under ordinary circumstances;" but they have always been regarded as very loose, and as greatly weakening the value of the rule. So far as I am concerned, I have invariably set my face against them. The miners, generally, are opposed to any such words, because they fear that the rules may be evaded through them. However, I have no desire to continue the discussion, and I hope that steps will be taken at once to test the feeling of the Committee on the matter.
§ MR. WARMINGTON (Monmouthshire, W.)
I would ask the Home Secretary whether the views which have been expressed could not be met by a Proviso at the end of the section, stating in what respect a rigid observance of the rules may be expected?
§ SIR JOSEPH PEASE (Durham, Barnard Castle)
I wish to call the 691 attention of the right hon. Gentleman the Member for Wolverhampton (Mr. Henry H. Fowler) to the fact that, under Clause 52, special rules are to be made for every mine. With regard to the question before the Committee, there can be no man in this House who would desire to insist upon the observance of rules that were not reasonable and practicable; but, as the words would have to be interpreted by a Court of law, the responsibility of complying with the rules would not be taken away from the owner and manager. When, however, we come to the rules themselves, and see how technical they are, and how difficult it must be under any circumstances to carry them out, I think some such words as "reasonably practicable" are absolutely required. I have invariably objected to any redundancy of expression in an Act of Parliament. But in this case these words only mean that general rules are to be observed as far as they can reasonably be observed. For instance, take the first of the rules which relates to the ventilation of the mine, and provides that— An adequate amount of ventilation shall he constantly produced in every mine to dilute and render harmless noxious gases to such an extent that the working places of the shafts, levels, stables, and workings of the mine, and the travelling roads to and from those working places, shall be in a fit state for working and passing therein. It may be very difficult to comply literally with this provision, and all the manager can do is to observe it as far as he can reasonably do so. My own opinion is that the words it is proposed to omit are far better left in the clause for the protection of the miner and the mineowner. It has already been interpreted by a Court of Law that the words "reasonably practicable" do not take away from the proper person the responsibility of carrying out the rules.
§ MR. BARNES (Derbyshire, Chesterfield)
There are occasions on which it is impossible to observe the rules, and if the manager is to be responsible for the working of the mine there must be some words to make the observance of the rules reasonable and practicable. If the words are omitted a hard-and-fast rule will be made, by which it will be laid down that a man should do what he really cannot do.
§ MR. PICKARD (York, W.R., Normanton)
The reason why we want these words to be struck out is that the managers and the miners should be placed on an equal footing in the matter of responsibility. No such words as these have anywhere been applied to the conduct of the miners. The Bill provides that if a workman commits any offence or refuses to carry out the orders of the manager he is to be punished, and there are no words, such as "reasonable or practicable," applied to his case. What we want is that the same provision should be applied to the owner, agent, and manager as that which is applied to the miner.
§ MR. HANDEL COSSHAM (Bristol, E.)
These rules apply to the employers as well as to the workmen, and therefore affect both sides. It will be impossible for the manager to ask the workmen to do anything unreasonable or impracticable.
§ MR. CHILDERS (Edinburgh, S.)
May I be allowed to make a suggestion to the right hon. Gentleman the Home Secretary? This matter was discussed at great length last year, and what I would suggest to the right hon. Gentleman is this. The general rules are now the subject of discussion; but in the case of special rules under Clause 52 power is vested in the hands of the Inspector, and ultimately of the Secretary of State, to adopt special rules for each particular mine running with the general rules in this clause. I would suggest that the words "as far as is reasonably practicable" should be left out in Clause 50, but that they should be inserted either in Clause 51 or 52—perhaps they would be better in Section 52—giving the Secretary of State distinct power to waive the operation of the general rules in the case of particular mines where special rules are applied, and where it is not necessary or practicable to enforce the general rules. I would rather not lay down at this moment the words which suggest themselves to me, or the exact place where they should be inserted; but I think it would be better that the rules should be absolute, but that a dispensing power given to the Secretary of State in connection with the special rules, enabling him to dispense with any of the general rules in the case of a particular mine. Without some such power I think the operation of the Act 693 would be rendered extremely difficult. It would be, of course, the distinct duty of the Secretary of State to see that when any of the general rules were qualified the qualification was a safe one. If the right hon. Gentleman will adopt the principle of my suggestion I think he will be able to get over the difficulty.
§ MR. TOMLINSON
The suggestion of the right hon. Gentleman would only meet one of the difficulties. There may be some one rule inapplicable to the circumstances of a particular colliery; but it might also be that a rule had become temporarily impracticable. Something, for instance, might occur to cause a temporary interruption to the ventilation of the mine, and so cause a violation of Rule 1. A case of that kind would not be met by the suggestion of the right hon. Gentleman.
§ MR. CHILDERS
Yes; I think it would. The Home Secretary would have power to meet a temporary case of accident of that kind. Indeed, he would be able to deal with the rules either temporarily or permanently. The more power we can throw into the hands of the Secretary of State the better.
In the case mentioned by the right hon. Gentleman the action of the Secretary of State would be ex post facto and too late.
What I object to is that either the manager or the workman should have the power of saying that either this or that thing is reasonable and practicable, or unreasonable and impracticable. When danger occurs or difficulties arise in any mine we have already provided a solution of the difficulty by an appeal to a Court of Arbitration. Let the arbitrator decide whether a particular thing is reasonably practicable or not. I maintain, therefore, that these words are altogether unnecessary, as you have already provided a Court of Arbitration for the solution of the difficulty.
§ MR. BRADLAUGH (Northampton)
I support the Amendment because, in the event of a prosecution being instituted, an able advocate may easily convince a magistrate, especially if he desires to be so convinced, that a matter is not reasonably practicable in a particular case, and consequently the rules would be rendered utterly valueless.
I must remind the Committee that these words have already been the law since the Act of 1872.
Much too long.
Will hon. Members consider what may happen if the rules are not observed? The non-observance of any one of the rules subjects a workman or manager to a penalty. Do hon. Members wish that a man should be subjected to penalties where the thing has not been reasonably practicable, and where it has been perfectly impossible to comply with the rules? Suppose, for instance, that a steam gauge in a boiler has been broken off, or some accident of that kind has happened, and the man goes on using the boiler, although immediately the accident occurred he sent to the engineer to report it, and the engineer sent to the manufacturer to supply a new gauge. The man has done his best under the circumstances—he has reported the accident, and steps have been taken to repair the damage; but, nevertheless, he goes on working, and there is an interval. Is he, under such circumstances, to be subjected to a penalty? It is such a case as that which these words are intended to meet—namely, to prevent a man being subjected to a penalty in consequence of something having occurred which he could not help. With regard to the suggestion of the right hon. Gentleman the Member for South Edinburgh (Mr. Childers), I should shrink very much from the responsibility he endeavours to impose upon the Home Secretary. I confess that something of the same kind did pass through my mind originally; but I think it is better to fix responsibility, as far as it can be safely fixed, upon those who are engaged in the working of the mine, and in doubtful cases to dispense with, the strict observance of the rules, because it is quite evident that no general rules can be framed which would precisely fit all cases. The more I have thought upon the matter the more I have been induced to believe that there are too many general rules, and I think it would be better to cut them down, and to leave matters to the Court of Arbitration. Certainly the power of dispensing with general rules which Parliament has thought fit to enact is a 695 power which I think any person, filling the Office of Home Secretary, would he very loth to take upon himself. No Home Secretary would be likely to possess a sufficient amount of technical knowledge to enable him to decide.
§ MR. BRADLAUGH
The right hon. Gentleman says that this has been the law since 1872. That is no answer to the objection which has been raised, because we are now amending the law of 1872; and the fact that these words exist in the present law should not prevent us from expunging them if they are objectionable. I am not prepared to contend that my knowledge of the law can compare with that of the right hon. Gentleman; but I would submit to him that in such a case as the Home Secretary has suggested no prosecution would be successful, because there would be a good and valid legal defence.
That would not be so.
Of course, I have not the same legal experience as the right hon. Gentleman; but my opinion has frequently turned out to be correct even when pitted against that of very high legal authorities. I think that the words "reasonably practicable" would enable a clever advocate, before a favourable Bench, to evade the Act entirely.
§ MR. ARTHUR O'CONNOR
The right hon. Gentleman the Member for South Edinburgh (Mr. Childers) urges that the general rules should be subjected to special rules. I think the right hon. Gentleman has misconceived the provisions of the Bill in that respect. The special rules are first of all originated by the owner of the colliery himself. The Home Secretary might object; but, if so, he is to be guided by general rules laid down for his direction. I admit that it would be a serious thing if he were to disregard the general rules; but he can challenge the special rules submitted by the owner. The owner is not at all precluded from objecting to the action of the Home Secretary. He has a right to object, and in that case he might go to a Court of Arbitration. The Arbitrator, like the Home Secretary, might consider himself bound by the general rules. These words, and the discussion which has arisen upon them, are a proof, I think, if any were required, of the bad policy 696 of this system of general rules altogether. On the second reading of the Bill I objected to the general rules, because I am convinced they are altogether a mistake, and that they ought not to be enacted. Everything ought to be provided in accordance with the circumstances of the particular undertaking. These general rules throw on the Home Secretary the responsibility of assenting to regulations, although they may be dangerous and difficult in regard to a particular case and a particular mine. The House has, however, decided to adopt the principle of general rules; and, under those circumstances, it seems to me only right and proper that general rules, having been decided upon, they should be distinctly binding upon all parties—that everybody should know exactly how he stands, and what amount of protection he is afforded by the Act of Parliament. The Home Secretary says that these words are in the Act of 1872; but there are many things in the Act of 1872 which since that Act passed have been found to be practically unworkable, and that is one of the reasons why this Bill has been introduced. The manager who claims the protection of these elastic words has a distinct advantage conferred upon him in the event of any infringement of the rules on his part, whereas the working miner has no such advantage. Whoever heard of such words as these being used to protect the workman from the responsibility which attaches to him for a failure to observe the regulations? In the case of defective machinery or engines, the blame falls, not on the workman, but on the manager or the under manager, who would be safe from punishment by these elastic words. But where some rule has been infringed by the miner, altogether apart from the machinery of the mine, the strict letter of the law will be applied to him, and these elastic words will be of no avail. Therefore, in general operation these general rules will be unfair, and I support the proposal to omit them because I do not think they can be equitably made use of in respect to both parties. If I thought the clause would fairly operate I should vote for the retention of these words, because I believe that, as a matter of policy, it would be right and proper for some central authority to decide whether or not it is reasonably practicable to ob- 697 serve a particular rule; but, at the same time, I am of opinion that that authority ought not to be the manager, and that the final Court of Appeal ought not to be the Court of Queen's Bench, but the Inspector.
§ MR. ATHERLEY-JONES (Durham, N.W.)
I agree with what has fallen from the Home Secretary to this extent—that some protection must be afforded in cases where it is a matter of physical impossibility to comply with the rules. I wish, however, to draw the attention of the right hon. Gentleman to the later part of Clause 51, which seems to have escaped general observation— Unless he proves that he had taken all reasonable means by publishing and to the best of his power enforcing the said rules as regulations for the working of the mine, to prevent such contravention or non-compliance. I would ask the Home Secretary whether in respect of the illustration he gave the Committee a moment ago these words would not be a sufficient protection to the mineowner; and, further, whether he does not think that they would afford sufficient protection to him in respect of matters where a physical impossibility arises on the part of the owner, agent, or manager, to carry out the rule. It, therefore, appears to me that the words "so far as is reasonably practicable" are unnecessary in this clause, and that ample protection is afforded to the mineowner by the words which are contained in the latter part of Clause 51.
The words which appear in the latter part of Clause 51 apply only to a case in which the owner, agent, or manager, is sought to be rendered liable for an offence against the rules committed without their knowledge. Hon. Members will observe that if the rules are broken or not complied with, then any person whatsoever, whether he is the owner, agent, or manager, is guilty of an offence, and is rendered liable to fine and imprisonment. This clause provides, however, that if the offence has been committed by somebody else, and that the manager has known nothing of it, and has never heard of it, he is not to be punished. It is to guard against a vicarious responsibility of that kind that these words are introduced— Unless he proves that he had taken all reasonable means by publishing and to the best of 698 his power enforcing the said rules as regulations for the working of the mine, to prevent such contravention or non-compliance. The words which are proposed to be omitted apply to a workman just as much as to the manager or owner. The workman may be able, if he has failed to comply with one of the rules, to say that something occurred in the mine which prevented him from complying, and these words would be just as useful for his protection as for that of the manager.
§ MR. WIGGIN (Staffordshire, Handsworth)
Not being a lawyer, I am unable to say what the complete effect of omitting these words would be. I would, therefore, ask the right hon. Gentleman opposite whether, supposing these words are left out, and an accident occurs in a mine, the owner and manager would be held to be legally liable, notwithstanding the fact the accident was due to circumstances over which they could have no control.
If the Amendment were to be adopted I am of opinion that not only the owner and the manager, but the workman, in case of an accident, would be liable under the general provision contained in the 1st part of Section 51, which says— Every person who contravenes or does not comply with any of the general rules in this Act, shall be guilty of an offence against this Act; and in the event of any contravention of or non-compliance with any of the said general rules in the case of any mine to which this Act applies, by any person whomsoever, the owner, agent, and manager shall each be guilty of an offence against this Act. In such a case if the general rules had not been complied with the owner or manager would be guilty of an offence, although it was impossible to comply with them. Therefore, some such words as those now proposed to be left out are absolutely necessary in order to prevent such gross injustice as that provision, if left unguarded, would give rise to. These words are contained in the Act of 1872, and have been interpreted by the Courts in a way which has never led to any harm.
§ MR. J. C. BOLTON (Stirling)
I wish to know whether, under the general rules, in the case referred to by the Home Secretary, of the breaking of a steam gauge, the men working the boiler would not be liable as well as the master?
Yes; I should say so, inasmuch as the men would be contravening the general rules by working the boiler without the precautions required to be taken by the general rules. It would be no answer to say—"I could not help it." The answer to that would be—"You should not have continued to work the boiler."
§ Question put.
§ The Committee divided:—Ayes 141; Noes 96: Majority 45.—(Div. List. No. 382.)
§ Rule 1—Ventilation of mines.
I beg to move, in line 28, after "mine," to insert the words "while any persons are employed therein." The object of the Amendment is to provide that the ventilation of a mine shall only be compulsory while any person is employed therein, and that where, for instance, it is not worked during the night, it shall not be rendered necessary to keep up the same amount of ventilation that would be required while the pit is being worked.
§ Amendment proposed, in page 26, line 28, after "mine," insert "while any persons are employed therein."—(Mr. Tomlinson.)
§ Question proposed, "That those words be there inserted.
§ MR. A. J. WILLIAMS (Glamorgan, S.)
I confess that I do not understand the object of the hon. and learned Member in proposing the Amendment. I presume it is to be read in conjunction with some subsequent Amendment.
No; it is a substantive Amendment.
§ MR. A. J. WILLIAMS
Then I hope the Government will not accept it. It certainly would be most inapplicable to some of the mines, and might lead to most mischievous consequences. Indeed, there would be the danger of bringing about spontaneous combustion in certain mines if the ventilation were slackened for a time. That, I am afraid, would be especially the case in some of the Staffordshire mines.
§ MR. HINGLEY (Worcestershire, N.)
In Staffordshire the seams are of two different kinds—one of them being very much broken and giving out a larger quantity of gas than the other, and it is a matter of experience that spon- 700 taneous combustion is only prevented by keeping up a proper amount of ventilation even when the miners are not at work. During the working hours, of course, the men themselves are able to keep the ventilation in order, and there is very little danger; but during the remainder of the night when they were absent there would be no means of keeping up the ventilation unless it were made compulsory upon the owner to maintain it.
§ MR. P. STANHOPE (Wednesbury)
The hon. Member (Mr. Hingley) has spoken as an owner of South Staffordshire collieries. Perhaps I may be allowed to say a word on behalf of the South Staffordshire miners, who consider they have good reason for believing that the slackening of the ventilation in the mine has been a frequent cause of accident. A very serious accident occurred not very long ago. The slacking of the ventilation having led to the accumulation of a considerable quantity of choke-damp, three men and an overlooker went down the mine to attend to the ventilation, got into the choke-damp, and were brought up suffocated. Such painful experience on the part of the miners of South Staffordshire is quite sufficient to show that the slackening of the ventilation at any time is a dangerous practice, and ought not to be permitted. It is for the interest of the miners as well as of the colliery owner that the ventilation should be adequately maintained, and I hope that the Committee will refuse to listen to this proposal.
MR. STAVELEY HILL (Staffordshire, Kingswinford)
I trust that the hon. Member who has just sat down will allow the Chairman of the South Staffordshire Colliery Trade (Mr. Hingley) and others who have been in Staffordshire all our lives to know as much about these matters as he does. I have taken the trouble to study this subject, and speaking not in the interest of the mineowner, but of the men themselves, I am prepared to say that unless the pits are closed over for the night it would become impossible to work them, and the consequence would be clearly as disastrous to the men as to the owners. I am quite sure that my hon. Friend and myself have the interests of the men at heart quite as much as the hon. Member, and I am prepared to maintain that this clause cannot be rendered operative unless these words are inserted in it.
§ MR. HINGLEY
May I explain that this matter was discussed quite recently at the conference between the masters and workmen in Staffordshire, and it was pointed out that in many of the mines there are broken seams which render it necessary to cut off the air.
§ MR. WIGGIN
As a representative of a large mining distinct in South Staffordshire, I desire, on behalf of the miners, to say a word or two in reference to this clause. I am bound to say that the information I have received from them does not accord with the views which have been expressed by my hon. Friend the Member for the Kingswinford Division of Staffordshire (Mr. Staveley Hill). I have been informed by the men—and I think it is a rational view to take—that they desire that the ventilation should be kept up during the night as well as in the daytime, so that when they go down the pit in the morning the air may be found wholesome and free from fire damp and choke-damp. The veriest tyro must know that pure air is more likely to be found in a pit where the ventilation has been kept up during the night than if it had been stopped for several hours. I hope the Committee will not accept the Amendment.
This is one of the Amendments in dealing with which I confess I have had considerable difficulty. I am altogether unwilling to put anything into a clause which is likely to be prejudicial to the interests of any class, either owners or men. On the other hand, in inserting this rule, I have not altered the clause in the Act of 1872 by a letter. The mines in South Staffordshire have gone on and flourished under this provision; and I can only ask myself why they should not go on and flourish under a similar provision in this measure. I know that the Inspectors are decidedly against the principle of stopping the ventilation. One of them tells me that in Leicestershire the mines that are liable to spontaneous combustion are among the best ventilated mines that can be found; and the Reports of the Inspectors and Examiners show that the mines of South Staffordshire must be treated in the same way. I should imagine that in any well-managed mine it would be easy to deal with all circumstances likely to occasion danger; but what is uppermost 702 in my mind is the fact that we are not altering the existing law, and the Bill does not seek to alter it in any respect.
If we were left alone in the future, as we have been in the past, we should not care.
What the Home Secretary has said is perfectly true—namely, that the wording of the clause is precisely the same as that of the Act of 1872. The Bill introduced by the right hon. Gentleman the Member for South Edinburgh (Mr. Childers) contained the words— An adequate amount of ventilation shall be constantly produced by day and by night throughout the year. Those words have been omitted, and they have evidently been omitted for some purpose, because in other respects the Bill is almost identically the same as that of the right hon. Gentleman on the Front Opposition Bench. In regard to the words "reasonably practicable," the Home Secretary told us that he had carefully considered the representations which had been made to him on the subject. Therefore, we may presume that when he consented to omit the words "constantly produced by day or night throughout the year," he also carefully considered the representations that were made to him. As those words were contained in the Bill of last year, I would ask why they have not been introduced into the present Bill? The Committee will observe that there is a very elastic adjective at the beginning of the rule—namely, the word "adequate." Now, what may be adequate when there are men working in a mine may be altogether unnecessary at night, and there may be certain conditions by which, with a strong movement of air, an accumulation of gas may be fired, with very serious consequences, and in such cases the diminution of the rush of air may not only be reasonable, but absolutely necessary. Therefore, I can quite understand the desirability of slackening the ventilation in certain cases; and the hon. and learned Member for the Kingswinford Division of Staffordshire (Mr. Staveley Hill) tells us that if these words are not introduced there are certain mines in South Staffordshire which cannot be worked at all. That, however, will be provided for, I presume, by the words we discussed some time ago—"so far as is reasonably 703 practicable." I suppose it would be a sufficient defence for the slacking of the ventilation if it could be shown that it was absolutely necessary. I know very well what the feeling is of individuals with whom I have been in correspondence on the subject. They believe that the slackening of the ventilation at night is frequently the cause of an accumulation of fire-damp and choke-damp, which renders the working of the mine the next day very much more dangerous than it need be; and I am inclined to think that men who have to pass their lives in the daily duty of coal getting are much more trustworthy guides in this matter than anyone else can be.
After the discussion which has taken place I shall not press the Amendment.
§ Amendment, by leave, withdrawn.
§ SIR JOHN SWINBURNE (Staffordshire, Lichfield)
I have an Amendment to move, in line 28, after the word "gases," to insert the words "and the fumes of explosives." I have had complaints from the miners and workmen in the South Staffordshire mines that they suffer from the fumes arising from the powder exploded in the mines. As the rule is drafted, it simply provides that— An adequate amount of ventilation shall be constantly produced in every mine to dilute and render harmless noxious gases. The miners of South Staffordshire have requested me to add these words, so that in future their health may not suffer from the fumes of explosives, as it has done in the past.
§ Amendment proposed, in page 26, line 28, after the word "gases," insert "and the fumes of explosives."—(Sir John Swinburne.)
§ Question proposed, "That those words be there inserted."
I think the words "noxious gases" cover also the words "fumes from explosives." The fumes from explosives are certainly noxious gases, and it is, therefore, unnecessary to insert the Amendment.
§ SIR JOHN SWINBURNE
It is generally considered that noxious gases are gases which are generated from the coal, and not from explosives. The men who work in the mine complain very bitterly indeed of the foul air produced by these explosives. That is the view 704 which I wish the Committee to take of the matter. Only yesterday I received a letter upon the subject, stating that at the present time the health of the miners suffers very severely from this cause—not from the noxious gases generated from the coal, but from the fumes of the explosives fired off in the mine.
§ Question put, and negatived.
§ MR. DONALD CRAWFORD (Lanark, N.E.)
I have now to move at the end of the rule, in line 32, to add these words— And all waste places in the mine shall be either built in, drained, or so ventilated as to make it impossible for dangerous quantities of gas to accumulate. The clause, as far as it has passed, provides for the proper ventilation of the working places; but there are also waste places in a mine where gas is liable to accumulate, which form the most fruitful source of accident. I am afraid it is a matter of considerable difficulty to secure the removal of the gas from these waste places. But we must bear in mind that the Amendment is governed by the words which were recently discussed by the Committee—namely, "reasonably practicable." I think it is desirable that the general rules should contain some special provision of this kind, so that this great source of danger may be properly dealt with.
§ Amendment proposed, In page 26, after line 28, insert "and all waste places in the mine shall either be built in, drained, or so ventilated as to make it impossible for dangerous quantities of gas to accumulate."—(Mr. Donald Crawford.)
§ SIR JOSEPH PEASE
I hope that my hon. Friend, whatever else he does with the Amendment, will take out of it the words "built in." Nothing could be more dangerous in a mine than to build in what may turn out to be a tank of explosive gas. which may be let out by some accident. I would point out to the hon. Member that this clause requires an adequate amount of ventilation to be provided, and it must be of such a character as to draw away the noxious gases which may accumulate in a mine, and render it liable to explosion.
§ MR. BARNES
In the Midland Counties the goaves are solid goaves; and where you have a solid goaf there is no danger.
If the hon. Member for North-East Lanark (Mr. Donald Crawford) means walling up, I believe that no practical man would agree with him; but if he means what is termed stowing, I shall be prepared to vote for his Amendment. I would, however, suggest to him that he should allow the Amendment to be amended so as to substitute the word "stow" for "built in."
I do not see how that can be done.
This is a subject which I think would be better met by a special rule. It will depend very much upon the manner in which the mine is worked as to whether it is possible to do this or not. I take it that what the hon. Gentleman the Member for North-East Lanark means by the words "built in" is packing or stowing. Where it is quite possible in a large mine to pack the goaf and to keep the waste places packed up or stowed, in some of the mines in Staffordshire, which are worked on the pillar and stall principle, it would be impossible to pack. The waste places in that case must be kept open without being packed or filled in; and it is only when you are working the pillars themselves that it becomes possible to pack. The matter, however, is surrounded with difficulty, and to lay down any general rule is impracticable. I have, therefore, after turning over the subject in my mind, come to the conclusion that the best way of dealing with it is to leave it to the special rules. The decisions of the Courts have, I think, rendered any danger which might arise from the neglect of waste places less serious than it was before those decisions were given. In such cases it has been decided that not only the ventilation of the working places, but that the levels, and the travelling roads, and the waste places must be adequately ventilated so as to free them from noxious gases. As the law now stands I think there is as much in the Statutes on the subject as any general rule can meet. I would therefore suggest that the safer mode of dealing with this very difficult subject would be to leave it until we reach the special rules.
§ MR. CUNNINGHAME GRAHAM (Lanark, N.W.)
I quite appreciate the difficulty of the right hon. Gentleman; 706 but, after all, this is merely a question of expense. If a rule were once made it would have to be applied, and the men would have the consciousness that they are not working in constant peril of an inroad of gas. At the same time I am quite aware that in Scotland especially it has been extremely difficult to drain off the accumulations of gas.
§ MR. PICKARD
I trust that my hon. Friend will allow his Amendment to be amended by leaving out the words "either built in, drained or." It will then read—"And all waste places in the mine shall be so ventilated as to make it impossible for dangerous quantities of gas to accumulate." I quite agree that it is necessary to ventilate waste places, and so to ventilate them that an accumulation of gas shall not take place.
§ MR. DONALD CRAWFORD
I am well aware of the difficulties of the question, and I think they have been fairly stated by the right hon. Gentleman opposite. I also attach the greatest weight to the opinion of my hon. Friends below the Gangway, who have practical experience, which I cannot claim. I am, therefore, quite prepared to accept the Amendment suggested by the hon. Member for Glamorganshire (Mr. W. Abraham) and the hon. Member for Normanton (Mr. Pickard), if that will render the Amendment acceptable to them.
Then I beg to move that the Amendment be amended in the way I have suggested. The only thing we want is to prevent, as far as possible, an accumulation of gas.
§ Amendment amended, by leaving out the words "either be built in, drained or," and inserting the word "be,"—(Mr. Pickard,)—instead thereof.
§ Question proposed, That the words, 'And all waste places in the mine shall he so ventilated as to make it impossible for dangerous quantities of gas to accumulate' be there inserted.
§ MR. JOICEY (Durham, Chester-le-Street)
I believe that this will be found to be quite impracticable, and I hope that the Amendment will not be pressed. I feel that it would inflict great injury upon the owners.
The Amendment is proposed in the interest and safety of the miners, and if it is found that in carrying it out it increases the cost of 707 getting the coal I am satisfied that the general public will be willing to pay an increased price for their coal if they are thereby assured that the lives of the miners are to some extent rendered more safe by the carrying out of the provisions of this Bill. I think the question of increased cost ought not to stand between this House and effective legislation for procuring the increased safety of life and limb to the miners. I shall therefore support the Amendment as it has been amended.
I quite agree with the hon. Member that we ought not to study the question of cost in comparison with that of safety, but I would invite the attention of practical miners to this question. Can you effectually ventilate the waste places in which the roof has come down, or where you are following the pillar and stall system of working? When once the roof has come down you cannot possibly reach the gas by ventilation; but it you do not attempt to introduce air into them you will soon have an accumulation of fire-damp which it is difficult to expel, because the introduction of fresh air renders it dangerous. I would therefore ask the Committee to pause before making a general rule which would not only be impracticable, but positively dangerous in some cases.
I would respectfully submit that we are dealing with a most important question. I quite agree with the right hon. Gentleman that probably the best way of dealing with the subject will be by framing a special rule; but I think is is essentially necessary to say in the general rules that this must be done. Unless something of the kind is inserted in the general rules an employer may permit these large reservoirs of gas to be formed. So far as the contention goes that it is impossible to do this, I would ask what becomes of the qualification "so far as is reasonably practicable?" Will not the matter be met by that qualification that "as far as is reasonably practicable" it should be done? I quite admit that there may be a certain amount of danger, but no man would enter these holes without there was a sufficient supply of air to clean them out, and when the waste places have been stopped up, if there is the least fall of roof, the gas inside will be brought out into the fresh, air. That is 708 a thing which we ought not to permit at all, and there should be a specific provision that no reservoir of gas should be allowed to exist in any mine, but that all the waste places should be properly ventilated. I myself believe that it is necessary that some such provision as that which is proposed in this Amendment should be inserted in the general rules, but that the way of carrying it out should be left to the special rules to be made for each district. The special rules in that case would be adapted to the circumstances of the district.
I am of opinion that it would be perfectly impracticable to carry out the Amendment if it is passed. Anyone who knows what a large mine is knows that it is impossible to ensure a perfect ventilation of the goaf. Let me call the attention of the Committee to what they are going to enact—namely, that— An adequate amount of ventilation shall be constantly produced in every mine, to dilute and render harmless noxious gases to such an extent that the working places of the shafts, levels, stables, and workings of the mine, and the travelling roads to and from those working places, shall be in a fit state for working and passing therein. And now it is further proposed to provide that all waste places in the mine shall be so ventilated as to make it impossible for dangerous quantities of gas to accumulate. As I read the clause, we have already provided that the owner shall be bound to produce an adequate amount of ventilation in the mine, and I am quite sure it will only add to his difficulties in carrying out that rule if you are to add this Amendment.
One of my earliest experiences down a mine was in being taken down for a considerable depth underground. Having reached the bottom, I walked for several hundred yards up an incline to one of the working places, and the miner raised his lamp above his head, when I saw a blue corona formed around it, which I understood to indicate that there was a dangerous accumulation of gas. He told me that that gas came from the goaf, and I must admit that in that particular working place I failed to see how it would be possible to ventilate it adequately. There is, however, something more important than ventilation, and that is that if these places cannot be 709 ventilated, and the presence of this dangerous and inflammable gas cannot be prevented, then the men ought not to be exposed to danger, and the mine itself ought not to be worked. We have inserted elastic words at the beginning of the clause to provide that the general rules shall be observed "so far as is reasonably practicable." Therefore, I do not see why those who represent the coalmining interest should hesitate to submit to them.
May I point out that in the Midland Counties the goaves are solid, and there cannot be danger.
No suggestion has been made that a solid goaf should be ventilated, but only the waste places. It is a mistake to suppose that the ordinary goaves cannot be ventilated. As a matter of fact, when they are packed, the ventilation is carried along the goaf by poking holes in the head of the pack-wall in the gateway, so that any gas which may percolate through the goaf towards the working face is carried away. That is the system which is followed in Yorkshire, and I think it is possible that what is done there can be done anywhere else.
§ The Committee divided:—Ayes 98; Noes 143: Majority 45.—(Div. List, No. 383). [6.35 P.M.]
§ Rule agreed to.
§ Rule 2.
§ MR. ATHERLEY-JONES
This Rule provides— Where a fire is used for ventilation, the return air, unless it is free from inflammable gas, shall be carried off clear of the fire by means of a dumb drift or airway. I move to omit the words "unless it is free from inflammable gas." This is an Amendment of a very important character, and one which I hope will meet the favourable consideration of the right hon. Gentleman opposite. Hon. Members will observe that the Rule provides that the return air shall be carried away by a dumb drift "unless it is free from inflammable gas." The reason why I desire to excise the words "unless it is free from inflammable gas" is that I am convinced it is absolutely impossible to secure that the return air passing from the mine is absolutely free from inflammable gas. Therefore, these 710 words are dangerous words, upon which an interpretation might be placed which might be most prejudicial to the safety of those who are working the mine. I think the right hon. Gentleman will bear me out that the view of the Inspectors of Mines is that there shall not be any furnace in a pit. At the same time, we know that a large majority of pits are provided with furnaces over which the return air passes. I do not propose, because I know it would be hopeless to do so, to substitute anything for these furnaces; but, I think the Rule ought to be modified and made to apply only to mines where furnaces are now used. I know it will be said that the return air passing over the furnace secures a greater amount of ventilation. No doubt, that is true in one sense, because it causes brisker ventilation; but what I want to point out is the enormous amount of danger which arises from the return air passing over the furnace. The return air sweeps, not only the working places, but the edges of the goaf. The solid coal is continually discharging gas, and gas is constantly oozing out in larger or smaller quantities, so that by the time the return air passes over the furnace it is charged with a certain amount of gas. We have been told by a great chemist that 2½ per cent of gas mixed with coal dust is sufficient to occasion an explosion, and that an amount of gas not very much larger, without coal, will explode. I do not think that my proposition is at all unreasonable—namely, that— Where a fire is used for ventilation, the return air shall be carried off clear of the fire by means of a dumb drift or airway. That is to say, a chimney altogether separate from the furnace. In many of the explosions which have taken place—and hon. Members are aware how serious some of them have been in the destruction not only of property, but of life—it has been suggested that the explosion has arisen at the furnace. It may have been in certain cases that it has been so, and I think that it is a matter of vital importance to guard against such, a danger. I quite admit—although I doubt the fact—that the return air passing over the furnace may secure a greater amount of ventilation by producing a brisker supply of fresh air. At the same time, owing to a variety of causes, the chances of an explosion are 711 rendered more frequent by allowing the return air to pass over a furnace instead of carrying it away by means of a dumb drift.
§ Amendment proposed, in page 27, line 4, leave out "unless it is free from inflammable gas."—(Mr. Atherley-Jones.)
§ Question proposed, "That the words proposed to be left out stand part of the Rule."
I quite agree with a considerable part of what the hon. and learned Gentleman has said, and I believe that in most of the mines in Lancashire a dumb drift is used in connection with the furnace. But there are many mines where the quantity and proportion of gas are not considerable, and there is no possibility of an accident arising. Of course, all these things are carefully watched by the engineers and the Inspectors, and the Rule, as it exists in the Bill, practically does the same thing as the hon. and learned Gentleman proposes to effect by his Amendment. How can anyone pretend to say that the air in a colliery is perfectly free from inflammable gas? I think it very likely that if the air in this chamber had teen analyzed last year it would have been found that there was a certain portion of inflammable sewer gas in it, and yet the air is passed through a furnace near the roof. All we want to provide against is real danger, and this danger seems to me to be provided for by the Rule as it is proposed. Where the gas is so small and where it is rendered harmless by the ventilation, a furnace may be used freely; but where it exists in any quantity and is likely to do harm, I think the dumb drift ought to be obligatory.
If I understand the argument of the hon. Member for Preston (Mr. Tomlinson) rightly he objects to the Amendment of my hon. and learned Friend; but I confess that, as far as the argument itself went, it was in favour of the Amendment, because the hon. Member said, if I apprehend him rightly, that it is exceedingly difficult to tell when the return air is free from inflammable gas. It was the difficulty that existed in determining when the return air is free from inflammable gas which has induced my hon. and learned Friend to move the Amend- 712 ment to omit the words "unless the mine is free from inflammable gas." He proposes to provide, in order to avoid all difficulty and risk, that the return air shall not pass over a furnace, but be carried away by a dumb drift.
§ MR. YEO (Glamorgan, Gower)
If the Amendment were intended to be prospective in its operation I would have small objection to it; but, considering the large number of collieries which are worked at the present time in connection with naked lights, it would be monstrously oppressive, I think, to compel the owners to incur a large expenditure in altering their arrangements simply for the purpose of providing dumb drifts in their collieries. I think the Amendment should be made prospective in its character, and in that case I would support it, because I believe that furnaces are objectionable, and that in laying down collieries in future it would be desirable to use dumb drifts. But to impose an obligation upon the owners of existing collieries, in order to avoid a danger which does not exist in a mine where naked lights are used, I think would be most unwise.
§ MR. BURT
I intend to support this Amendment, which carries out one of the recommendations of the Royal Commission. The Commissioners were strongly of opinion that dumb drifts should be constructed; and that principle has also the support of the Inspectors of Mines.
§ MR. HANDEL COSSHAM
I cannot support the Amendment, because I believe there are many cases in which it would operate unfairly. I believe there are at least 1,000 mines in which there is no danger at all, and it would be ridiculous to enforce this rule in them.
§ MR. BROADHURST (Nottingham, W.)
I think the Home Secretary will find, on referring to the Bill of last Session, that what is provided for by this Amendment was then proposed. I hope the Government will accept the Amendment, as it will greatly facilitate the progress of the Bill.
I think this Amendment ought to be made prospective only, otherwise it might impose a heavy burden upon a depressed industry, which it is desirable to avoid doing unless it is absolutely necessary. I am not aware that any accident has ever arisen in consequence of the return air 713 not being perfectly pure. I think, on the Report, the clause might be so framed as to make the Amendment prospective only in its operation.
I wish to point out that if the return air is free from inflammable gas the plan suggested is a very bad way of dealing with the matter. If it is necessary to make this alteration I think it ought to be done in a more economical manner.
I perfectly recognize the hardship which my hon. Friend has pointed out—namely, that of making it, in all cases, incumbent on the owner to put a dumb drift; but, I think, prospectively there ought always to be a dumb drift. I think there might be some limiting words such as proposed by the Home Secretary, which would more happily carry out the object in view, such as that—"unless the Inspector certified that a dumb drift is not necessary."
I suggested prospectively that the return air, in all cases, should be carried away by a dumb drift.
I want also a further addition to the clause—namely, that in collieries where there is, in the opinion of the Inspector, danger from air passing over the furnace, there a dumb drift shall also be required. I do not wish to put any burdens upon coalowners for frivolous reasons; but where there is any real appreciable danger to human life, I think, whatever the cause may be, this precaution should be taken. I therefore ask the right hon. Gentleman to accept the limiting words which I suggest.
That would be done under Clause 43.
The right hon. Gentleman thinks that this is effectively provided for under Clause 43; but I have grave doubts about that, owing to the recent decision of the Court of Appeal that no arbitrator has power to compel any particular thing to be done, and that all he has to do is to see that there shall be absolute safety. I shall be prepared to accept words to limit my Amendment to prospective mines, and will therefore ask leave to withdraw my Amendment, with a view of making it prospective.
§ Rule 3 agreed to.
§ Rule 4—Stations and inspection of conditions as to ventilation, &c.
§ On the Motion of Mr. FENWICK, Amendment made, in page 27, line 14, after "persons," by inserting "not being contractors."
The Amendment which I to rise to move is to add, after the word "appointed," in line 14, the words "in writing." I move this Amendment in order to secure the principle to which I have referred earlier in the evening—namely, that you should have clearly traceable responsibility at every stage of the administration of this industry. If the owner appoints a person for an important duty such as is imposed by this clause, it is only reasonable that he should appoint such persons by writing under his hand. This would fix the responsibility upon the person appointed, and also fix the responsibility of the owner of the mine.
§ Amendment proposed, in page 27, line 14, after "appointed," insert "in writing."—(Mr. Arthur O'Connor.)
I wish to point out that the practical working of this Amendment would be very difficult. In many collieries there are 15, 20, or 25 men, who are appointed daily to inspect the far off workings of the mine. These men are generally taken from the ranks. The hon. Member proposes that before these men go their rounds they shall all be appointed in writing. I need hardly point out that this would entail much more work than is necessary. The men are well known, and perfectly conversant with the mines, and their responsibility easily traced without putting the owner to the trouble of making the appointment in writing.
The next Amendment which stands in my name is connected with that which follows it, and the object of it is to make it imperative that a long time shall not elapse between the men going into the pit and the examination of the working place by the person deputed and the firemen. The interval 715 I propose is really a very wide one; it ought to be enough for the purpose, and it is more than is usual in many instances; but we have had cases in which intervals of four, five, and even sis hours have elapsed, and that is utterly out of all reason, having regard to the danger which may exist. I rely upon the reasonableness of this Amendment, and I trust that the right hon. Gentleman the Home Secretary will accept it.
§ Amendment proposed, in page 27, line 15, to leave out "within such time before the commencement of each shift, as shall be fixed by special rules made under this Act."—(Mr. Burt.)
I can assure the bon. Member for Morpeth that it is my earnest desire to insist on inspection immediately before the change is made. When I came to consider the matter I was told that the conditions vary so much in different mines that no time should be fixed. The hon. Gentleman suggests that we should put in the words "not exceeding two hours," so that he leaves it possible to extend to two hours the period which in some mines is only half-an-hour. I think it would be better to leave something to the discretion of the manager in this matter. I have no objection to put in such words as "within such time immediately before the commencement of the shift," or "shortest possible time." The intention was to fix the time according to the size of the mine.
§ Amendment proposed, in page 27, line 15, after "shall," insert "immediately."—(Mr. Matthews.)
§ Question proposed, "That the word 'immediately' be there inserted."
MR. BROAD HURST
I wish to point out to the Committee that this very subject received careful and long consideration at the hands of my right hon. Friend the Member for South Edinburgh (Mr. Childers) last year, and after that most careful consideration it was decided that the words which the right hon. Gentleman has now adopted would meet everything that was desired under the circumstances.
I do not wish to prolong the discussion of this question, especially after the small concession which has been made by the right hon. Gentleman. But I again endeavour to impress on the mind of the Home Secretary the importance of this question, and to point out that unless the limit is made which my hon. Friend has suggested, it cannot be said that the examination is made immediately.
§ Question put, and agreed to.
§ On the Motion of Mr. A. J. WILLIAMS, Amendment made, in page 27, line 20, after "as" and before "ventilation" insert "the presence of gas."
I rise to propose that we should insert in line 21 that the examination for the purpose of ascertaining whether gas is present in the mine shall, if the Inspector requires it, be made by means of indicators to be approved by him. Perhaps the Committee will wish to hear from me some explanation of the term "indicator" in this connection. I will endeavour to explain what is the object of my Amendment. In the course of the inquiry by the Royal Commission which was appointed to consider whether the resources of science would protect colliers against accident in mines—on which Commission I had the honour and privilege of being secretary—it was made part of the inquiry to deal with the question of coal dust, which is one of great importance with reference to the dangers in coal mines. They discovered, and made quite sure, that the presence of a very small volume of inflammable gas in a mine might be a source of serious danger where the mine was dry and dusty. A volume probably as low as 1½ or 2 per cent, it was conclusively proved, might be the cause of a serious explosion. The Commissioners examined a multitude of inventions presented to them for the purpose of indicating the presence of gas, and they ascertained that one apparatus determined with the greatest accuracy and simplicity of action the presence of a very small proportion of gas—namely, ¼ per cent. I wish it to be brought before the Committee that there is a method of indicating the presence of gas in these small proportions, and having regard to the danger consequent 717 upon their presence in the roadways in dry and dusty mines, I think it right that it should be left to the Inspector to decide in particular collieries that some indicator should be used. Having pointed out the simple means by which the presence of very small but dangerous quantities of gas may be indicated, I will leave the Amendment which I beg to move in the hands of the Government.
§ Amendment proposed, In page 27,line 21, after "concerned," insert "the examination for the purpose of ascertaining whether gas is present in the mine shall, if the Inspector requires it, he made by means of indicators to be approved of by him."—(Mr. A. J. Williams.)
No doubt, the Commission to which the hon. Gentleman has referred has thrown a great deal of valuable light on the subject of the presence of gas in mines. I am bound to say, however, that as far as my information goes the Inspectors do not know of any indicator that is trustworthy in the hands of all who may use it. Therefore I am unable to say that I can look with favour on the language of this Amendment. It is the business of the managers of the mines to do what is necessary in this matter; and although I agree that they should be made responsible for not taking proper precautions, I do not think it desirable that the particular method of doing so should he laid down here.
I feel the force of what the right hon. Gentleman has said, and am disposed to be satisfied with having brought this subject forward. The right hon. Gentleman tells us that the instrument I have referred to has not at present been found to answer; but I think it only fair to the Commissioners to say that to my knowledge a large number of experiments were made, in mines and elsewhere, with this indicator, which on those occasions certainly performed accurately.
I desire by the Amendment I am about to move that the Report required to be made by this rule with regard to the presence of noxious or inflammable gas, and which 718 is to be recorded in a book for the inspection of the workmen, shall be not only signed by, but be in the handwriting of the person making the Report. The reason why I wish this is because I believe that the necessity of making the Report in that way will necessitate a certain amount of care and deliberation which would not be the case with a mere signature. I recollect some years ago, at a meeting, seeing an auditor's report produced; it was a very suspicious document and I desired to inspect it. I found that the signatures at the bottom of the Report were in the handwriting of the auditors; but that the body of the Report was in the handwriting of the clerk, and, of course, we were not able to appreciate what was the value of the signatures. Now, the same sort of thing may occur in coal mines. I do not mean to say there would be anything improper in a Report to be signed by the person who makes the inspection; but I say that those on whom the responsibility of making the Reports lies should be obliged to fill it up altogether, in order that they may realize the importance of making it. As it is upon the presence, or otherwise of noxious or imflammable gas in mines that the lives of the men depends, I think it is not unreasonable to ask that the Reports on this should be altogether in the handwriting of the person who makes the Report.
§ Amendment proposed, in page 27, line 33, leave out "signed by," and insert, "in the handwriting of."—(Mr. Arthur O'Connor.)
was understood to say that he should support the Amendment of the hon. Member for East Donegal.
§ MR. CUNNINGHAME GRAHAM
As the next Amendments which stand in my name are of similar importance to that which has been moved by the hon. Member for East Donegal, it will save time if in support of that hon. Member I say now that the making and posting up a true copy of the Report is calculated to allay the fears of the men.
§ MR. W. ABRAHAM (Glamorgan Rhondda)
I hope the right hon. Gentleman the Home Secretary will accept this Amendment. If it should be neces- 719 sary we can give cases proving the necessity of these Reports being made in the handwriting of the men. The right hon. Gentleman may possibly remember a case tried four years ago at Swansea, in which it was proved that the Report after it was taken from the man was not exactly falsified, but that large portions of the true Report had been left out. I believe that the man employed ought to be able to make the Report in his own handwriting, and I submit that it would be hardly safe to trust to these Reports unless the responsibility of making them is brought home to the individual by their being required to be in his own handwriting. I hope my hon. Friend will divide the Committee on his Amendment unless we have a satisfactory reply from the right hon. Gentleman.
I think the Amendment of the hon. Member for East Donegal is likely to defeat the object he has in view. These Reports are made on printed forms, which materially assists in the making and understanding of the Report. These forms have been sanctioned as being the best means of getting a true Report of the facts, and I think the hon. Member will do well not to press his Admendment to a Division.
I hope the hon. Member for East Donegal does not want to interfere with so useful a practice as that which at present exists. If I am correct in understanding the hon. Gentleman to desire that the answers in the columns of the forms now used should be in the handwriting of the person who makes the Report, I am quite willing to agree to his proposal. The only reason why I object to the whole of the Report being required to be in the handwriting of the men is that education among the mining class is not so far advanced as to insure that the Reports can be properly made in the handwriting of all the men, and that if the hon. Gentleman's Amendment were inserted, it might lead to many good workmen being thrown out of employment. I give the Committee the testimony which I have received from the Home Office Inspectors, which is opposed to the principle of enforcing written Reports by men of this class. It may be in a few years hence that the schoolmaster will be more abroad among miners, and then the difficulty which I 720 now urge will not exist. I hope the hon. Member will not think it necessary to press an Amendment which, if it were agreed to, might have the effect of throwing a number of men out of employment.
If this Amendment is to be carried, I think some words will have to be added, so as not to do away with the printed forms which the hon. Member for Derbyshire (Mr. Barnes) has referred to. I am told there would be a considerable waste of time by this arrangement. From what I have seen latterly, I should not have thought there were many men who could not write, but it may be the case that some of them are in that position. Certainly on Report, some words would have to be inserted to obviate the forms which are now printed being written out.
§ MR. WARMINGTON (Monmouth, W.)
I suggest that the Amendment should say that, so far as the Report shall not consist of printed matter, it shall be in the handwriting of the person who signs it.
I may point out that I have known managers in some difficulty with regard to writing their names.
I shall be glad to accept the Amendment proposed to be substituted by the hon. Member for Monmouth for that before the Committee.
§ Amendment proposed, in page 27, line 33, leave out "each," and insert "such."—(Mr. Warmington).
§ Question proposed, "That the words proposed to be left out stand part of the Clause," put, and agreed to.
§ Amendment proposed, In page 27, line 34, after "by" insert "and so far as the Report does not consist of printed matter shall be in the handwriting of."—(Mr. Warmington).
I cannot help thinking that it is a great deal too much to ask that all these Reports should be written out by the persons who sign them.
An hon. MEMBER
I think the proposal is a very reasonable one; but that provision ought to be made to meet the 721 case of men who Lave not sufficient education to write out their Reports.
The two Amendments in my name have been transposed, I therefore rise to move the second Amendment, the object of which is to provide that the inspection shall be made by a properly qualified person. I desire by the addition of these words to tranquillize the minds of men who may think the mine in which they are working is in a dangerous condition. The words I propose to add are, "and who shall be the holder of a third-class certificate under this Act."
THE CHAIRMAN
That question has already been dealt with on the Amendment proposed to line 14.
Then, Sir, I will move the next Amendment, which it will be necessary for me at all hazards to carry to a Division. It provides that a copy of the Report shall be posted up at the entrance to the mine, or at the station underground for the inspection of the men. This Amendment is urged by the mining population of Scotland, to test the opinion of the House of Commons on the question, and having said that it is not necessary for me further to detain the Committee.
§ Amendment proposed, In page 27, line 33, after the word "inspection," to insert the words "and a true copy, signed by that person, shall be posted up at the entrance to the mine, or at the station underground, for inspection by the workmen."—(Mr. Cunningham Graham).
I think if the hon. Member will follow out the effect of his own Amendment, he will see how difficult it is to make it conform with the scheme of Rule 4. When the Inspector has concluded his inspection he will return and tell the men that all is right, and that they can go on with their work. He then goes to the office and writes out his Report, and that Report is recorded in a book. I do not see that the posting of a copy of the Report would serve any good purpose after the Inspector has sent the men to work.
I think there must be some mistake, I have seen 722 the Inspectors writing out their Reports down below.
That maybe so, but they are not required to write out their Reports below. The scheme of the rule is that the Inspector, having made his inspection below, should start the workmen at their work, and then go up and record his inspection in the book in the office. It is proposed by the hon. Member that the book should be copied, and the true copy posted up at the entrance of the mine or at the stations. That copy is to be for the inspection of the workmen before they go to work, according to the Amendment of the hon. Gentleman, but I point out that under the rule they will already have been sometime at their work.
The right hon. Gentleman does not appear to me to apprehend the spirit of the Amendment. It is not that the workmen should see the copy of the Report before they go to work, but that any workman about the mine should go and look at the Report for their own satisfaction. I hope the right hon. Gentleman will remember that with the miners this is a question of life or death.
It would have helped the right hon. Gentleman the Home Secretary if he had paid a visit to some of our large collieries in the Rhondda Valley, and seen the large room provided for the firemen, and the books that are now kept. My hon. Friend only asks that what the best managers do at present should be done universally. The right hon. Gentleman would find on inquiry that what is now asked for is already done in the best regulated collieries.
I think that if this rule were made it would be fatal to the plan adopted in the best mining system in England—that is to say, the system which exists in Northumberland and Durham. We take the responsibility of setting up timber all over the mine on the report of the persons who inspect the workings. The man who inspects goes back and sets up the timber under the present system, but instead of doing that under this proposal he would have to go away and write out a copy of his Report to be placed at the entrance of the mine. The Reports have to be posted into a book 723 which is accessible to the men, who are not allowed to go into any part of the mine which has not been inspected if there is any danger, and I cannot see the practical advantage of taking men away from their duty for the purpose proposed by the hon. Member for Lanark. I think there would be more danger from the absence of timber than advantage to be gained by accepting the hon. Member's Amendment.
§ The Committee divided:—Ayes 72; Noes 120: Majority 48.—(Div. List, No. 384.) [7.50 P.M.]
§ MR. WOODALL (Hanley)
As I understand it, the rule, as it now stands, will allow any number of shifts succeeding each other in unbroken continuity to count as one shift. I have no desire, by the Amendment I propose, to interfere with the general principle, which is that in the event of an interval occurring between the shifts there shall be a fresh inspection; but I am told that in my own district a change of workmen does involve some interval—a very slight one, but still an interval—and that great inconvenience would result by a strict literal interpretation of the rule. I wish, however, to put myself very frankly in the hands of the Committee, and to say that, having explained the purpose of the Amendment, I shall be very glad indeed if any other way of meeting the objection can be suggested. My own impression is that the rule should read—"for the purpose of the foregoing provisions of this rule two shifts succeeding one another, with an interval not exceeding an hour, shall be deemed as one shift." A shorter period than an hour, however, would quite satisfy the purposes of my constituents.
§ Amendment proposed, in page 27, line 35, leave out "without," and insert "with an interval of not more than one hour."—(Mr. Woodall.)
§ Question proposed, "That the word 'without' stand part of the Clause."
I am sorry I am not able to accept this Amendment. The hon. Member will see that the clause now requires an inspection before the shift and during the shift.
§ MR. WOODALL
Provision has already been made, I gather, for the con- 724 tinuous ventilation of the mine during these possible intervals. The whole difference is between the practice in some parts of the country, where I understand that men descend and actually replace other men; and cases like those which prevail in North Staffordshire, where one set of men are brought up, and another set taken down. The interval is at least within the hour asked for, and I am quite willing, if the right hon. Gentleman thinks there is anything in my contention and will meet the difficulty I put forward, to accept a much shorter time than an hour.
If there is an interval there must bs a period of danger.
As my Amendment does not appear to meet with support, I beg to ask leave to withdraw it.
§ Rule 5—Inspection of machinery, &c., above and below ground.
I propose to move the insertion of the words "in writing" after the word "appointed," in line 5, page 28, so that a competent person, or competent persons appointed by the owner, agent, or manager for the purpose of inspecting the machinery above and below ground shall be appointed in writing. I move this with the object of fixing the responsibility upon the agent and principal alike. The Bill of the right hon. Gentleman the Member for South Edinburgh (Mr. Childers) contains a similar provision to that I propose. Whatever objection there may have been to the appointment in writing of the man whose duty it was to inspect the condition of the strata and the atmosphere, I do not think any objection can hold good to the proposal that the appointment of a person or persons charged with the inspection of the machinery of a colliery shall be made in writing.
§ Amendment proposed, in page 28, line 5, after "appointed," insert "in writing."—(Mr. Arthur O'Connor.)
§ Question, "That those words be there inserted." put, and negatived.
I now beg to move the insertion, in line 8, of certain words which appear to me to 725 have been omitted possibly by accident. The words in the present Bill are almost identical with those of the Bill of last year, but the words "working places, levels, and plains" are omitted. I can only conceive that they have been inadvertently overlooked. The duty of an Inspector of machinery is to examine the state of the external parts of the machinery, the state of the head gear, ropes, chains, and other works of the mine which are in actual use both above and below ground. The Return of accidents happening in mines which is annually laid before Parliament, shows that a very considerable number of accidents happen to men not only in working places, but also on levels and plains where there is machinery in use; and, under these circumstances, I presume the Government cannot possibly object to the insertion of the words which I have quoted, and which were included in the previous Bill of last year.
§ Amendment proposed, in page 28, line 8, after "gear," insert "working places, levels, plains."—(Mr. Arthur O'Connor.)
Rule 4 deals with the general inspection of the workings, but Rule 5 is confined to an inspection of the external parts of the machinery, head gear, &c.
Machinery at large.
All the external parts of the machinery, and the state of the head gear, ropes, chains, and other works of the mine which are in actual use, both above ground and below ground. The working places are dealt with by Rule 4. I cannot pretend to recollect everything in the draft Bill of last year, but I thought that the words we framed covered everything.
I see the distinction the right hon. Gentleman is endeavouring to draw, but it is a distinction for which there is no solid ground. The marginal notes show clearly the real difference between the two rules. The marginal note to Rule 4 is "Stations, and inspection of condition as to ventilation, &c.," and the marginal note to Rule 5 is—"Inspection of machinery, &c., above and below ground." This rule, therefore, applies to machinery in general, whether it be 726 above or whether it be below ground. The duty of the person appointed to inspect under Rule 4 is to inspect as regards the condition of the atmosphere in reference to the presence or absence of inflammatory or noxious gas, and also as to the condition of the strata wherever the super-incumbent roof or the strata is being cut through. In connection with that the Inspector is to examine the condition of the boarding and the timbering, but he is not charged with the duty of inspecting the machinery. It is perfectly obvious to anyone reading Rule 5 that it is not merely the machinery at the shaft which is to be inspected, but such things as ropes, and chains, and other works. Well, but you have works in the plains and levels, there are other things besides ropes and chains there. There are the levels themselves, and if there is an imperfect level which precipitates the tram or tub very violently at a particular point you may have a boy or man at that particular place injured. As I said before, the Report of accidents shows the importance of an inspection of machinery at both the levels and the plains, and it appears to me very clear that the words I propose to insert here have been omitted by those who drafted the Bill purely accidentally. The right hon. Gentleman the Home Secretary takes credit for deliberation in the matter, and he has very ingeniously suggested an objection to my Amendment.
§ MR. F. S. POWELL
I hope the Committee will allow me to suggest that our proceedings will not be shortened if we are to have as we go on a comparison between the Bill of last year and the Bill now before us. We have got enough to do in dealing with the print in our hands, and in comparing it with the actual legislation of 1872, which I quite admit is a fair subject for comment and comparison. If we are to compare by running comments this Bill with the draft Bill of last year, I fear our discussions will never come to a termination within a reasonable time.
My hon. Friend (Mr. Arthur O'Connor) has forgotten one thing. The man who is to inspect the machinery is to be a man who understands machinery, and he may know nothing more about underground places and levels than some of us in this House do. Rule 5 provides for the 727 inspection of machinery, while Rule 4 provides for the inspection underground. I do not think it would be well to confuse the two inspections.
§ On the Motion of Mr. TOMLINSON, Amendment made in page 28, Rule 5, line 9, by leaving out "works," and inserting "similar appliances."
I beg to move the omission of the word "week," in line 11, and the insertion of the words "twenty-four hours." This Amendment is to provide that an examination of the shafts by which persons ascend and descend shall be made every 24 hours. I suppose the great body of the minors, not only in England, but in Scotland, if polled, would almost to a man vote for this Amendment. It is of immense importance that the shaft of all places should be safe and known to be safe. Now, though the comparison with the Bill of last year appears to be so obnoxious to hon. Gentlemen opposite, let me point out that in that Bill a daily inspection was provided for. In this Bill it is proposed that an examination of the state of the shafts shall be made once in every seven days. I beg to move this Amendment, making the Bill in this respect, similar to the Bill of last year.
§ Amendment proposed, in page 28, line 11, leave out "week," and insert "twenty-four hours."—(Mr. Arthur O'Connor.)
§ Question proposed, "That the word 'week' stand part of the Clause."
I object to this Amendment on the ground that it is altogether unnecessary. Every shaft is now properly and regularly examined. No one can be expected to examine every day a shaft which is not in work.
I think this would be a very difficult Amendment to carry out. In the case of a long shaft, a proper examination often occupies three or four hours. At all good collieries the shaft is examined thoroughly and well at least once a-week. An examination every 24 hours could not possibly be nearly so thorough as that which now takes place, say, upon a Saturday.
If my hon. Friend the Member for East Donegal (Mr. 728 Arthur O'Connor) will confine the inspection every 24 hours to the guides or conductors of the shaft in which the cage is run, I shall be disposed to support his Amendment, and in that shape the Amendment would be one which the Home Secretary might very fairly accept.
I should be very happy to accept the suggestion of my hon. Friend (Mr. Fenwick), and I suppose the Government will consent to an examination of the guides and conductors every 24 hours, and of the shaft once a-week.
The guides and conductors of shafts are most important, and they ought to be fairly examined every 24 hours. Certainly seven days is too long for guides and conductors to go unexamined. I hope that in face of the reasonableness of this Amendment the Government will accept it.
I have no objection to the Amendment as amended. The clause will then read "head gear, ropes, chains, guides and conductors."
The Amendment cannot be made now.
§ THE FIRST LORD OF THE TREASURY (Mr. W. H. SMITH) (Strand, Westminster)
We will propose the Amendment upon Report.
§ Rule 6—Fencing of entrances.
§ MR. J. W. LOWTHER (Cumberland, Penrith)
I beg to move the Amendment which stands in my name. I confess I do not see much difference between the words "in actual course of working" and "in actual use or course of working," but I am informed by managers of collieries that they attach some importance to the Amendment, and I therefore beg to move it.
§ Amendment proposed, in page 28, line 17, after "actual," insert "use or."—(Mr. J. W. Lowther.)
§ Question, "That those words be there inserted," put, and agreed to.
§ Rule 7—Withdrawal of workmen in case of danger.
§ Rule 8—Use of safety lamps in certain places.
CAPTAIN HEATHCOTE (Staffordshire, N.W.)
I beg to move the insertion of the words "being the property of and being provided by the mine-owner," after the words "safety lamps," in line 38. I am quite aware that at present in every well-conducted colliery the lamps used are the properly of the owner of the mine, but there are other collieries not so well conducted in which the men employed find their own lamps In my own constituency there has been a case known of a man who bought his lamp from a rag and bone shop. I think it is very desirable that it should be made clear that such a practice cannot be. It should be distinctly understood that the responsibility for the lamps being in good order rests upon the owner.
§ Amendment proposed, in page 28, line 38, after "lamp," insert "being the property of and being provided by the mineowner."—(Captain Heathcote.)
§ MR. COGHILL (Newcastle-under-Lyme)
I think the suggestion of the hon. and gallant Gentleman is a very valuable one, but that some other words are necessary besides those he proposes. One colliery might supply one sort of lamp—an inefficient lamp—while another colliery might supply an infallible one. I think every endeavour ought to be made to secure that only those lamps are used which keep out the inflammable gases.
This is a complicated subject, and it is really impossible for me to deal with Amendments which are not on the Paper. It is questionable, too, whether such an Amendment really can be proposed upon this Rule.
§ MR. COGHILL
It would certainly come under Rule 9, which deals with the construction of safety lamps.
Yes; Rule 9 would be a more suitable place for the Amendment.
CAPTAIN HEATHCOTE
I shall be very glad to bring the matter up on Report.
In the absence of my hon. Friend the Member for the Rushcliffe Division of Nottingham (Mr. J. E. Ellis), I beg to propose the omission of Rule 8 and the insertion of the following Rule:— In all dry mines where the air may he laden with coal dust, and where fire-damp is either known to be given off from the strata, or may from experience he reasonably suspected to exist, the Secretary of State may require safety lamps to be used, unless the owners and workmen of such mines prove to the satisfaction of a court of arbitration, to be appointed by the respective patties, that less liability to accident generally will be involved by the working of the mine with open lights than by the use of safety lamps. It shall be a special instruction to such court that the circumstances of each mine be taken into consideration with respect to the following points:—
(a.) The mode of working;
(b.) The nature of the coal seams, and of the roof and floors of the seams, and of the adjacent strata;
(c.) The proximity of the seams to each other;
(d.) The emissions of gas from the seam, and the liability to blowers or outbursts of gas from the coal roof or floor;
(e.) The order of working the seams."
It is evident this is not the proper place to introduce these words. This is a Rule which provides a new method of guarding against a supposed danger from the use of other lamps than safety lamps.
Can this be moved afterwards as a new clause?
If Rule 8 is struck out altogether, there is no doubt these words may be moved as a new clause. The hon. Member may, no doubt, propose to strike out Rule 8 altogether.
Then I beg to move the omission of Rule 8.
§ Amendment proposed, in page 28, to omit Rule 8.—(Mr. W. Abraham.)
§ Question proposed, "That the Rule 8 stand part of the Clause."
This Rule 8 in the present Bill is, I think, founded upon a clause in the Bill I introduced two years ago; but I must say I prefer the wording of my own clause, which seems to effect the purpose just as well as this Rule. The right hon. Gentleman the Member for South Edinburgh (Mr. Childers) in- 731 serted in his Bill a Rule to the effect that in a seam or mine in which inflammable gas was found, no lamp or light other than a locked safety lamp should be used. In the Bill of the right hon. Gentleman it was provided that three months should be the period within which any report of the presence of inflammable gas should preclude the use of any but safety lamps; but, in the present case, we have a strange departure from that provision, for the period of three months is altogether discarded. The past career of the mine does not appear to be necessary to be taken into account; it is now laid down that— In any place in a mine in which there is likely to be any such quantity of inflammable gas as to render the use of naked lights dangerous, no lamp or light other than a locked safety lamp shall be allowed to be used. Why is this provided in this way, and why is the period of three months eliminated altogether from the Bill?
If we strike out Rule 8 and insert these words as a new clause I am afraid we shall be landed in a great difficulty. I think it should be clearly laid down in this clause that any question as to whether safety lamps ought to be used or not should be referred to arbitration, as suggested by the Commission. If it is decided that this new clause should be inserted, some change ought to be made to meet the case of mines which are dry and combustible.
I found it simply impossible to lay down any Rule to suit all mines. Therefore, I deliberately meant to leave the matter to be dealt with by a special Rule to be afterwards inserted. I tried in vain to frame some words which would be fairly applicable to all mines. I could not find any but these rather colourless words. I found, upon consultation with several Inspectors, that no set of words I could find would meet the exigencies of all cases. I think it is as well that each mine should be allowed to decide what sort of safety lamp it will use.
I quite appreciate the difficulty; it is a very great difficulty. If you do leave it open to fair arbitration, when the Inspector says—"I think a safety lamp ought to be used in this mine," it may be well 732 worthy of consideration whether the suggestion made by the Commissioners should be adopted in terms.
I beg to propose the Amendment which stands in my name, the object of which is to give effect to the opinion expressed by the Commissioners who reported on accidents in mines. The Royal Commission condemned the system of working with mixed lights, for which system, they said, there was no justification.
§ Amendment proposed, In page 28, line 44, after Sub-section (b), insert—"(c) And when it is necessary to work the coal in any ventilating district with safety lamps, it shall not be allowable to work the coal with naked lights in another part of the same ventilating district."—(Colonel Blundell.)
I think this is a valuable Amendment; but I suggest to my hon. and gallant Friend (Colonel Blundell) that the phraseology might be improved. He says—"And when it is necessary to work the coal in any ventilating district with safety lamps." Would it not be better to say—"In any place or any part of the ventilating district?" Would it not do to say— It shall not be allowable to work the coal with naked lights in any part of the ventilating district, in some part of which safely lamps are required.
Before the hon. and gallant Gentleman assents to the proposed Amendment to his Amendment, I should like to suggest another alteration of it. In the Bishop Auckland district they sometimes work with safety lamps where there is a hitch or fear of gas, or where there is some trouble. I should not at all object to this Amendment, provided my hon. and gallant Friend would allow me to insert at the end words, so that the Amendment would read— It shall not be allowable to work the coal with naked lights in any part of the ventilating district situated between the place where such lamps are being used and the return airway. I think that, if the additional words were agreed to, the views of my hon. and gallant Friend would be carried out, and the difficulty I see to prohibiting the use of other lamps would be met.
§ Amendment proposed to the proposed Amendment, to add at the end the words "situated between the place where such lamps are being used and the return airway"—(Sir Joseph Pease.)
§ Question proposed, "That those words be there added."
In deference to the superior knowledge of the hon. Baronet, I beg to accept his Amendment.
§ Question, "That the Amendment, as amended, be there inserted," put, and agreed to.
§ Rule 9—Construction of safety lamps.
I beg to move the Amendment which stands in my name. With reference to the last clause, which refers to the appointment of official assessors, there is some doubt whether these assessors will ever be appointed; but if my Amendment is accepted, I would propose that the question be referred to arbitration in the usual way. I attach considerable importance to this Amendment; it has a most serious bearing upon the very question of the safety of colliers. I do not desire to occupy the time of the Committee unduly, yet it is very difficult to put forward arguments in favour of this Amendment without going into the matter at some length. Let me direct the attention of the Committee to the work done in this particular direction by the Royal Commission. That Commission sat for seven years, and for six years they were engaged in the most careful and elaborate examination of the whole question of safety lamps. They made 1,700 experiments; they tried 253 lamps; and during the whole of these years almost every day brought up some new invention. The Commission presented a series of recommendations with reference to safety lamps. If the work of the Royal Commission is to be of any value whatever, some such clause as this ought to be adopted. If it is not adopted the responsibility must rest upon the shoulders of the Government. It is true that the Commission, in their Report, after summing up the results of all these elaborate investigations upon the sub- 734 ject, pointed to four lamps as deserving of attention; but they also said—and it is clear to anyone who gives any attention to the Report, and to that thoroughly exhaustive analysis of the different kinds of safety lamps—that the responsible authorities can find 20 or 30 lamps which have been submitted to test, and which may be thought thoroughly safe for all practical purposes. It is very clear, from the whole of the experiments conducted by the Commissioners, that a large number of lamps which are supposed to be safety lamps, and which have been used as safety lamps in the collieries of this Kingdom, are at this moment perfectly untrustworthy—are, indeed traps. They are even worse than that. The Commissioners had not been long at work before they found that some lamps made in America were largely employed in the country, and were absolutely as dangerous as naked lights, and in some respects more dangerous. Surely if the work of the Commission which has been of such importance is to be of any value whatever, some clause should be inserted in this Bill, making it sure that some responsible person shall see that proper safety lamps are used. The Commissioners, without recommending any particular kind of lamp or class of lamp, say that some responsible authority ought to be appointed to see that the lamps which are used are safety lamps in fact. To make the use of a particular lamp compulsory would be unwise; but the Commissioners say— We think it desirable some control should be exercised in reference to the description of lamps employed in coal mines, and that only those lamps should be used which are authorized from time to time by the Secretary of State. I do not wish to commit myself by this Amendment. I only put it forward as a suggestion that there should be some responsible authority appointed to attend to this question of safety lamps. It is of the greatest importance that no particular class of lamp should be defined. The experience of the Belgian Government, which, 30 years ago, passed a decree authorizing the use of a particular form of safety lamp, has shown that that is a most mischievous course to adopt; it is entirely foreign to our principles of freedom to do so; but there can be no harm surely in giving a competent 735 person like an Inspector of a district some such discretion as I venture to suggest.
§ Amendment proposed, In page 29, line 5, after "inflammable," insert—Within one calendar month after the passing of this Act a sample of the safety lamps used in every mine shall be sent to the inspector for the district in which such mine is situated for his approval. He may require that any modification shall be made in it, or that another kind of lamp shall be adopted. No safety lamps shall be introduced into a mine for the first time, after the passing of this Act, until a sample lamp has been submitted to and approved of by the inspector for the district in which such mine is situated. Any colliery owner dissatisfied with anything done or required to be done by an inspector under this rule may appeal to the official assessors hereinafter mentioned, whose decision shall be final."—(Mr. A. J. Williams.)
Although I do not dispute the soundness of the principles urged by the hon. Member (Mr. A. J. Williams), still I do dispute the wisdom of asking that the lamps shall be submitted to an Inspector for approval. This is a principle which I am not prepared to accept, as, in my opinion, it reverses the system on which the Bill is based. The system of the Bill is to let the owner select his own lamp at his own peril, and then to allow the Inspector to come in and say whether he objects to the lamp selected or not. Besides, the Inspector has no office at which he can receive lamps, neither has he appliances by which he can test them. Since the commencement of the discussion upon this Bill I have had shown to me two extremely good electric lamps. The owners of mines will, no doubt, watch the improvements made in lamps by the progress of science, and I think the period is not far distant when they will be able to get good electric safety lamps.
Do I understand that it is competent for the Inspector to object to any lamp?
Most certainly.
On his own mere motion?
Then I ask, how it is that there are thousands of the safety lamps in use in England which are condemned by the Commission as absolutely unsafe? There must be something seriously wrong.
Everything depends upon the velocity of the current. A Davy lamp is thoroughly safe in a mine where the velocity of the current is slow. Of course, a lamp can be totally unsafe in one colliery where there is a high speed of ventilation, while it would be perfectly safe in another mine where the circulation is slow; but, beyond doubt, the Inspector can, on his own motion, under Rule 43, object to any safety lamp. I think that this point can be properly dealt with in the special rules of collieries.
I ask leave to withdraw my Amendment. The responsibility of refusing it, of course, rests with the Government.
I beg to move the Amendment which stands in my name. My hon. Friend the Member for the Southern Division of Glamorgan (Mr. A. J. Williams) has pointed out that the Royal Commission on Accidents in Mines went into very elaborate and careful experiments in regard to safety lamps. It was proved by those experiments that certain classes of lamps were utterly unreliable, and that some of these were the Stephenson, the Clanny, and the Davy. I quite agree that it would be exceedingly difficult, indeed undesirable, for the Government through the Inspectors to say that certain lamps ought to be used; but, at the same time, those which are known to be dangerous should be entirely prohibited. The Home Secretary stated that Inspectors already have the power to object to certain lamps; and thereupon my hon. Friend (Mr. A. J. Williams) very pertinently asked how it was that there are a great number of lamps in use in the country which have been condemned by the Royal Commission? In page 75 of the Commissioners' Report reference is made to the Scotch lamp; and it is said that this lamp can scarcely be regarded as a safety lamp at all. This lamp, I understand, was in general use at the Udston Colliery, when that terrible explosion occurred some few months ago with such fearful consequences. The Commission have spoken very emphatically on this question; and on page 117 of their Report they say that it has been known that if an atmosphere becomes inflammable, the Stephenson, the Clanny, and the Davy 737 lamps are quite unsafe. I move this Amendment with the utmost confidence that the Home Secretary will accept it, or that, if he refuses to accept it, the Committee will support me in carrying it. I fasten the responsibility upon the Government if they do not prohibit the use of these lamps, which have been proved by the Royal Commission to be utterly unsafe.
§ Amendment proposed, In page 29, line 5, after "inflammable," to insert—"Provided that the words 'safety lamp' shall not be taken to include Stephenson, Clanny, or unprotected Davy lamps."—(Mr. Burt.)
These words appear to me unnecessary, the lamps in question being excluded by the operation of Rule 9, already passed. That being the case, I do not see that the Amendment does any particular harm, and I am not disposed to object to it.
§ Mr. CONYBEARE (Cornwall, Camborne)
rose to speak.
The words have been added to the Bill.
§ MR. CONYBEARE
I was on my feet, Sir, before the Question was put.
§ Notice taken, that 40 Members were not present; Committee counted, and 40 Members being found present,
§ Rule 10—Examination of safety lamps.
On behalf of the hon. Member for East Donegal (Mr. Arthur O'Connor), I beg to move the Amendment which stands in his name—namely, in page 29, line 9, after "appointed," to insert "in writing."
I must point out to the hon. Member that a similar Amendment has been twice rejected this evening.
Then I will move the next Amendment, for there are two standing in the name of the hon. Member. I beg to move the Amendment in the same line, after "manager," to insert "and approved of by the Inspector."
§ Amendment proposed, in page 29, line 9, after "manager," to insert "and approved of by the Inspector."—(Mr. Conybeare.)
rose to put the Question,
I should like to ask the right hon. Gentleman the Secretary of State for the Home Department, whether he will be kind enough to express his assent or dissent on this Amendment?
I am quite unable at present to grasp what the Amendment is. I am trying to find out.
The object of the Amendment is this—that the competent person appointed by the owner, agent, or manager for the purpose of examining the safety lamps immediately before they are taken into the workings for use shall be approved of by the Inspector. The Inspector shall see that he is properly qualified to discharge the duties with which he is intrusted.
I have persistently objected to throwing responsibility of this kind upon Inspectors; and I, therefore, trust that the hon. Member will not insist upon this Amendment.
I beg to move the Amendment standing on the Paper in my name, in page 29, line 13, after "order," and before "and," to insert "by placing it in an explosive mixture of air and inflammable gas." If my Amendment is adopted, the section will read— A competent person appointed by the owner, agent, or manager, for the purpose, shall, either at the surface or at the appointed lamp station, examine every safety lamp immediately before it is taken into the workings for use, and ascertain it to be in safe working order by placing it in an explosive mixture of air and inflammable gas and securely locked; and such lamps shall not be used until they have been so examined and found in safe working order and securely locked. The result of all the experiments which have been made—the result of the 1,017 experiments made—went to show, as the Commissioners say, that the protection of safety lamps by simple inspection was impossible. They say that the only way to avoid the danger of the introduction of imperfect lamps into mines is to test every lamp with some inflammable gas before it is allowed to descend 739 with the shift. It is quite obvious that the weakest link in the chain of safety, where safety lamps are used at all, is one single imperfect lamp. In the case of a sudden outburst of gas, or in the case of meeting with explosive gas in a mine, one single imperfection in a lamp which could not be discovered by ordinary observation, being so small that it is impossible to find it out by the naked eye, will be enough to bring about an explosion. The result was that the Commissioners took a good deal of pains to see whether it would not be possible to provide a thoroughly simple means of putting each lamp into good condition. They said it would be perfectly possible to do so, wherever there was gas in or near a colliery. Of course, it is said in a colliery where there is no external or artificial gas such a means of testing safety lamps cannot be adopted; but a case of that kind could be provided for by a slight alteration in my Amendment—for instance, by introducing the words "where practicable." I do think, however, that some means should be adopted for carrying out this suggestion. Where practicable, I think it is most desirable that this method of testing the efficiency of safety lamps should be adopted.
In what form does the hon. Gentleman move the Amendment?
After "order" to insert "by placing it where practicable in an explosive mixture of air and inflammable gas."
§ Amendment proposed, In page 29, line 13, after "order" and before "end" insert "by placing it where practicable in an explosive mixture of air and inflammable gas."—(Mr. A. J. Williams.)
There is a subsequent Amendment in my name as follows, to add at the end of Clause:— That all safety lamps before going into the mine shall be examined and tested by gas, for the purpose of ascertaining their reliability or otherwise, by a competent person approved of by a Government Inspector. The names of the qualified person or persons to be placed on the pit heap. That Amendment will, perhaps, be deemed by you, Sir, out of Order if this Amendment were accepted by the Committee; therefore I propose, at all events, 740 to support my hon. Friend on the Amendment he desires to insert as a safeguard here. There can be no doubt whatever that safety lamps should be subjected to some test, as recommended by the Royal Commission, before being allowed to go down the pit. The difference between my hon. Friend's Amendment and my own would be that while under his Amendment the lamp would have to be approved of by a competent person appointed by the owner, agent, or manager, in my Amendment he would be a competent person approved of by the Government Inspector. But, at the same time, it is clear, from the Report of the Royal Commission who have examined carefully into the matter, that they have arrived at the conclusion that an ordinary examination of safety lamps, even where they are of simple construction, may easily fail to detect some flaws which may deprive them of the power of resisting gas. The Commissioners say that it is necessary to have some test in gas before the lamps are sent down the pit; they declare that it is absolutely necessary that lamps should be tested in explosive gas before being allowed to go down the shaft. They speak of several means of testing them, and refer particularly to a simple method which would meet every necessary purpose. There is one practical difficulty which will be suggested by hon. Gentlemen representing the owners of mines, and that is that mines are not always in juxtaposition to gas supplies. That is sometimes the case; but though gas may not be found in immediate proximity to a colliery, I think it is desirable that some simple practical test of this sort should be resorted to, and the words "when practicable" meet this objection. Inasmuch as the Bill itself says that it is not prepared to recommend any lamp, or even to exclude any lamp under its provisions, but only to require them to be subjected to a certain test, it is very necessary that that test should be complete. Well, the only complete test that is known to experts is that of subjecting the lamps to a mixture of air and gas. I hope the Committee will see that this is a desirable Amendment, and I trust that the right hon. Gentleman the Home Secretary will be able to accept it. I think it is absolutely necessary for the safety of a mine that some such proposal as this should be adopted.
I would point out that in many instances gasometers are miles away from the colliery; if there was gas in the neighbourhood it might be an easy matter.
How can you possibly produce the condition of things in your test which exists in the mine? You have in a mine not only an atmosphere which may be charged with gas, but an atmosphere in motion. Under the circumstances, I do not think it is possible to have a reliable test reproducing the conditions as they exist in the mine; and, therefore, I think that such a test as that proposed would be illusory and dangerous.
The test I propose is one to show whether or not there is a hole or an imperfection in the lamp. The test is not as to whether the lamp will bear the velocity of 10 or 50 feet per second. The test is conducted in a specially constructed receptacle containing a small mixture of gas and air. The lamp is dipped into this receptacle, and if there is a hole in it the gas gets inside and it is found out. It is most important that this test should be applied. As to the objection of the hon. Member below me, I have not that by inserting the words "where practicable."
I think that this rule should not be inserted in the Bill, as it would be impossible to test electric lamps in this way.
No doubt, there are difficulties in this case; but I suppose we are here to try to get over difficulties. At any rate, the Royal Commission, after giving very great consideration to this subject, were unanimously of opinion that something should be done. There is nothing upon which they are more emphatic. In their Report they state that they consider it absolutely necessary that safety lamps should be regularly tested before they are allowed to descend the shaft. The hon. Member who has moved the Amendment has shown his reasonableness by modifying, and to some extent thereby weakening it, by inserting the words "where practicable." I really think that, with this modification, the Committee should have no difficulty in accepting the Amendment.
I think it is to be regretted that mineowners on the opposite side of the House, and perhaps some on this side, do not show a little more desire to meet these Amendments, the object of which is to secure the safety of life. I am assured by practical men, who are not too familiar with the proceedings of the Commission, that the system proposed is the most necessary and most complete test. It is one which has been earnestly pressed, and I think it is hardly becoming that every improvement of this kind which is suggested should be met with opposition by hon. Gentlemen opposite.
I think the remark the hon. Member has just made is wholly unjustified. The mineowners in the House have shown over and over again that it is their earnest desire to do everything in their power to insure the safety of the miners. Moreover, as hon. Members should see, it is against the interest of mineowners that accidents should take place.
I hope we shall discuss this question without recrimination and without the throwing of motives across the floor of the House. The difficulties which some of these practical questions involve do not seem to be fully understood by hon. Gentlemen who represent mining constituencies, and who come down to the House having heard all the complaints of the miners, and not knowing what are the practical difficulties. With regard to these safety lamps, the hon. Member who has just addressed the Committee (Mr. Donald Crawford) speaks as if some of us mineowners had never paid any attention to safety lamps in our lives. Well, I may say that almost every day of my life—certainly that every month of my life—brings me a new safety lamp, and I am very much mistaken if other colliery owners are not in the same position. In the North of England we have a standing committee on safety lamps, and with every new lamp which is brought out, experiments are tried, and every endeavour is used by practical men to obtain the best light. When you put safety lamps into a mine you encounter difficulties. As I have said already, as soon as a safety lamp goes in a candle comes out, and 743 the miner has to work in greater darkness, and is subject to other circumstances, and to accidents of a very serious character. Mineowners, therefore, do not adopt safety lamps until they are necessary. When, however, safety lamps ate necessary let us have the best; but I submit that by trying experiments and putting clauses into this kind of Act of Parliament you will never get the best lamp. You get it by relying upon the simple process of supply and demand. You must depend, in some measure, upon the interest of the mineowner; he wants the best and the safest lamp that he can get; and you may depend upon it he will not fail to adopt the best means of keeping it in proper order, and of testing it when he has it. You had better leave this matter to practical people to whose interest it is to get a good—to get the best—lamp. You must bear in mind that in some districts you have some very little mines—well, who is to test the lamps there? The Amendment says "where practicable." Well, it is done where practicable now. In all the large collieries of the country that Amendment will have no effect, and the only result of adopting it would he to throw difficulties in the way of small owners who would find it very difficult to carry out the system proposed, and in respect of these people the hon. Member actually proposes to make an exception. I think we ought to get along in this Committee much more quickly than we are doing, and I think we should do so if we could only avoid getting into these scientific discussions which the hon. Member behind me has done so much to encourage. If the hon. Member will look at the Report of the Royal Commission, he will see that even they dared not recommend any particular safety lamp.
§ MR. P. STANHOPE
I must protest against the assumption of the hon. Baronet that we are moving in this matter without a knowledge of the wants of the miners. We are moving in the matter in consequence of the Report of the Royal Commission, which was a very competent body to consider this question. They conducted their experiments and their inquiries over a long period. They had associated with them the cleverest experts and the most competent persons to give advice. The Commission itself was composed of 744 persons thoroughly conversant with these subjects; they made certain recommendations, and those recommendations we are trying to introduce into this Bill. I do not think that this Committee will consider that the consideration of the recommendations of such a Commission is at all out of place in a discussion of this kind.
§ SIR CHARLES FORSTER (Walsall)
I should like to point out that the whole of this Bill is confessedly based on the Report of the Royal Commission. Well, one of their most important recommendations was that safety lamps should be tested. We have just succeeded in getting an Amendment inserted which shall exclude defective lamps. Well, we want to make the Bill as effective as possible with reference to the lamps used, and we think that if a test like this could be used in a certain number of instances, so as to prove that the lamps used are free from holes through which the inflammable gas could not penetrate, we make safety lamps safer than they could otherwise be; and as this is the question of the life or otherwise death of a number of people, surely every possible precaution ought to be taken in the interest of these miners. I hope the Amendment will be accepted.
I can only speak of the Commission as one which had nothing in the world to do with it. I do not pin my faith at all to them; but I would point out that they are by no means drawn from the scientific circles—there are practical miners upon the Commission, such as Sir George Elliot and Mr. Lewis. That gives me confidence in the recommendations of the Commission such as we are now considering.
I must confess that the recommendations of the Commission have been of considerable weight with me; and I think that, seeing that the hon. Member who moved the Amendment has consented to modify it, the Committee should be content to accept it.
The question is this—is this a practicable, feasible test to apply? If so, I should hail it with satisfaction; I should welcome any test that would give additional safety to our colliers. At the same time, I must deprecate such remarks as those which have fallen from the hon. Gentleman who sits near me. For him 745 to assume that colliery owners are so blind to their own interests—if they are so utterly indifferent to the interests of their employés—as to neglect the adoption of the necessary precautions against accidents, is a course of proceeding in which I do not think any other sane man would join him. So much hangs on the safety of the colliery and the prevention of explosions, that no colliery owner, in his senses, would decline to adopt any plan suggested which is practicable and easy of application. As one representing the colliery interest, I should be glad to accept the Amendment.
I do not know whether it would be of any use; but I would once more appeal to hon. Gentlemen to consider the words of the Bill they are amending. I submit that the words proposed to be inserted really weaken the Bill. The Bill requires that a competent person shall ascertain that the lamps are in safe working order. He has to do this by all the means which are open to him; and cannot hon. Members see that they weaken those words if they specify one mode, and one mode only, of ascertaining this? The competent person mentioned in the Bill, in order to satisfy this section, will have to adopt not one but all modes of ascertaining safety. The general words of the Bill require more than are in the words of the Amendment of the hon. Member. It does really seem to me that by too much minute specification you will cut down the effect of the Bill, in excluding all other, and perhaps better, modes of ascertaining the safety of lamps which may be discovered tomorrow. I have adopted a broad requirement. General words do more, and require more than the words of the hon. Member.
I beg to move, in page 29, to leave out from line 23 to line 25. The effect of this Amendment will be to omit the following words:— A person shall not have in his possession any lucifer match or apparatus of any kind for striking a light except within a completely 746 closed chamber attached to the fuse of the shot. These words seem to me to be altogether unintelligible.
§ Amendment proposed, in page 29, to leave out from line 23 to line 25.—(Sir John Swinburne.)
I cannot accept this Amendment. I fail to see that the words are unintelligible.
You say that he is to have in his possession a lucifer match or apparatus within a completely closed chamber attached to the fuse of a shot. If a person has such in his possession he can fire it at any time.
I do not like to be the means of asking the Committee to accept proposals which would be drastic in their character, and which would impose upon the managers of mines a duty which would be objectionable both to them as having to carry it out, and to the men as having to be subjected to it, without serious necessity. It is, however, a matter of common knowledge that serious accidents occasionally arise through the rules as to not carrying lucifer matches or other means of striking a light being violated by the workmen; and I think it is desirable that we should insert in this clause some provision dealing with cases where men are suspected of violation of the rule. I think it only reasonable that where there is cause for suspicion, and where it is possible that the men who infringe the rules may be endangering the safety of themselves and their fellow-workmen, this precaution that I suggest should be taken. I do not wish to press the Amendment if the Committee is against it; but I certainly think it my duty to move it.
§ Amendment proposed, In page 29, after line 25, to insert—"And the owner, agent, manager, or under manager shall be empowered to have any person searched whom he suspects to be in possession of lucifer matches, or other apparatus for striking a light."—(Mr. Tomlinson.)
We should have no objection whatever to an Amendment of this kind, if the hon. Member will amend it by inserting the words "and the person making such examination should before he makes it be himself examined by a third party." [Laughter.] Hon. Members laugh, but I will give a reason for this proposal. Our miners state that some of the colliery officials themselves carry lucifer matches into the mine and drop them into the pockets of the men. We have no objection to the rule proposed, but we want the man who makes the examination to be above suspicion; and we desire, therefore, that he should be examined himself before making the examination.
We are extremely anxious that every possible care should be taken to prevent workmen from taking into the mine anything which is likely to ignite gas or cause an explosion; and I may say that the great majority of the workmen are just as anxious as we are to prevent men taking matches or other inflammable substances into the mine. But we have an extreme contempt for such legislation as this, which will give an owner of a colliery or an official of a colliery power to go down into a mine and search the clothes of the workmen. This Amendment, if accepted by the Committee, would give the manager or person appointed by him power to go into the mine at any time, and subject the men to the indignity of being searched. I think it is certainly to be hoped that the Committee will reject the Amendment, if the hon. Member presses it to a Division. I hope, however, he will see his way to withdraw his Amendment.
As I said before, the last thing I wish to do is to press this Amendment upon an unwilling Committee; but it has been suggested to me, and I thought it my duty to bring it forward. The hon. Member opposite objects to the workman being subjected to the indignity of having his clothes searched. This matter was brought forward at one of our meetings, and discussed as a means of preventing accidents; and I indignantly repudiate the suggestion that its object is to enable anyone to go down into the pit in an informal manner and search the 748 clothes of the colliers. What the Amendment means is that a formal search should take place.
§ Rule 11—Lamp stations.
I beg to move, in page 29, line 28, the insertion of the following words:—"And that such lamp station be so constructed as to form a harbour of refuge." The object of the Amendment is to bring about the establishment of lamp stations at places in the collieries where lamps can be relighted in the interior of the workings, so as to prevent the possibility of danger from the exposure of naked lights, and also to avoid the present dangerous practice of having to travel great distances to a lamp station in order to obtain light when the lamps have been extinguished. Every practical man in this House, whether he be owner, agent, or workman, will know how exceedingly dangerous this practice of going long distances to have the lamps relighted is. Even for this purpose alone these lamp stations would be a great been and a great preventative of accidents. I may also point out that these places, being established and known to the colliers, would, at the time of an explosion, be of special value as harbours of refuge towards which the men might make in case of emergency, instead of, as at present, being obliged to rush towards the bottom of the shaft to the one outlet—an outlet which, under such circumstances, the men are often unable to reach. Such a station as I propose should consist of a compartment of steel, iron, or other material that could be made air-tight, and strong enough to resist high pressure, internal and external. Where possible, they might be cut out of the rock. Each station should be supplied with separate intake and outlet pipes in communication with the surface. The openings or ways into the compartments should be through a series of doors or manholes, so that, by closing the same, the compartments could be cut off from the mine. It would be illusory to say that even if these lamp stations or refuges were constructed, we should succeed in preventing the possibility of colliery explosions; but still it cannot be denied that a system such as this, or 749 places such as these, would tend to materially reduce the chances of catastrophes, inasmuch as they would provide facilities for obtaining light, and diminish the use of naked lights in places where they are now used. The hon. Gentleman may think that this is all purely imaginary on my part, and that the construction of such lamp stations would be impracticable; but I beg to assure him that it is not imaginary. I beg to inform him that in one of the largest collieries in the Rhondda one of these stations has been constructed, and has been inspected by employers and workmen together, and that all who have seen it regard it as very excellent and simple. It is in Taylor Down Colliery, and I think it has been patented by the inventor. It consists of a place of refuge to which instant retreat can be made; it is supplied with fresh air from the surface, and, the doors being-air tight, the lamps can be opened inside with perfect safety. Even in the case of an explosion—though it has not yet had the chance of standing that test—it is believed that it would answer admirably. For ordinary working purposes, however, it is doing its work in a very successful manner. I know that colliery owners will say that this question of a lamp refuge in the workings is at present in too experimental a stage to have great attention paid to it; still, as a matter of humanity, I think it should command the serious consideration of the House.
I think the Amendment must be put in a slightly different form, thus—"and such lamp station shall be so constructed as to form a harbour of refuge."
§ Amendment proposed, in page 29, line 28, after "air," insert "and such lamp station shall be so constructed as to form a harbour of refuge."—(Mr. W. Abraham.)
I think the suggestion made in this Amendment is one well worthy of consideration. The idea of having an advance station in towards the main workings is very good; but I think that the hon. Member who proposed the Amendment made a very true remark when he said that it must be regarded as in a 750 very experimental stage at the present time. At present our lamp stations are placed at the bottom of the shaft, and I think it would be a very good thing that the workmen should not be compelled, in order to have their lamps relighted, to make a long circuit of the mines in order to reach the station at the bottom of the shaft. I think that the necessity for making that long circuit frequently tends at the present time to very unwise things being done. At the same time, the plan suggested by the hon. Member seems to be only applicable to such collieries as possess the advantage of air under compression. Where collieries have compressed air and pipes circulating through the mine, there should be no difficulty in having a jet of air poured into a lamp station of this kind from the main—giving a supply of pure air, independent of the ventilation of the colliery. Supposing that such a chamber could be ventilated by some ingenious method—as it may be in the case referred to by the hon. Member—it would be a desirable thing to have one of these stations in every colliery. I do not think, however, that we are not yet in a position to legislate upon the matter. I think the hon. Gentleman has done well to call attention to an invention of so important a character; but I would urge him to be satisfied with having made his statement. Having endeavoured to fix the attention of the House on an invention that promises well for the future, I trust he will not seek to embody this Amendment in the Bill at the present moment.
I fail to appreciate the spirit of the remarks of the hon. Gentleman who has just spoken. He tells us that this matter is only in an experimental stage at present; but we have been told distinctly by the hon. Member who has brought forward the Amendment that in his constituency of the Rhondda Valley there is already a harbour of refuge constructed in a colliery on the very plan the hon. Member has mentioned. I want to know when we are going to get beyond the experimental stage? We shall certainly not do it by debating in an academical sense and doing nothing. I have risen merely to say a word in support of the principle of this Amendment, and to express a hope that the hon. Member 751 who has brought it forward will press it to a Division.
§ Question, "That those words be there inserted," put, and negatived.
§ Rule 12—Use of explosives below ground.
§ MR. ARTHUR O'CONNOR (Donegal E.)
Rule 12 says that "any explosive substance shall only be used in the mine below ground as follows." Then it goes on to specify conditions. I would much prefer to see the Rule made more stringent. I would like to see the initial words altered so as to be prohibitive of the use of explosives except in certain well-defined and limited cases. In discussing the subject-matter of the clause, I am met with the difficulty that the right hon. Gentleman the Secretary of State for the Home Department has given Notice of an Amendment of his own clause, consisting of the paragraphs from (f) to (m), which he wishes to insert in place of the existing paragraphs from (f) to (l). I presume, if this Amendment is put from the Chair in the same way in which Amendments have been put in respect to other clauses, we shall find it difficult to move Amendments, because the Motion will have to be to omit all the paragraphs from (f) to (l).
I rise to Order.
What Amendment does the hon. Member for East Donegal (Mr. Arthur O' Connor) propose?
I wish to ask your ruling, Sir, before I proceed with an Amendment.
Perhaps the hon. Member will state at once what he wishes to do.
If I had not been interrupted by the hon. Member opposite, by this time I should have finished my statement. There is a notice of an Amendment standing on the Paper in the name of the right hon. Gentleman the Secretary of State for the Home Department.
again rose.
Order, order!
My Amendment comes before the right hon. Gentleman's. [Cries of "Order !" and "Name!"]
I wish to ask, Sir, whether you would put from the Chair the separate paragraphs of this clause, because I presume, if you put them in a body, much confusion would be caused? The discussion which will take place upon the hon. Gentleman's proposal will be at sixes and sevens—we shall all be at cross purposes, and at the end of our discussion we shall find ourselves no further advanced than we were at the beginning. If the separate paragraphs of this clause are put separately from the Chair we shall avoid that difficulty, and probably economize a considerable amount of time.
I may inform the hon. Member that the paragraphs will be proceeded with in the ordinary way—I shall put them as they arise in the ordinary manner, beginning with the first paragraph. When we get to (f), the Question will be that the first words of the paragraph be omitted.
Will the Motion be for the omission of all the paragraphs from (f) to (1)?
No; only a certain number of words in the first paragraph will be put, so as to save subsequent Amendments if the Amendment is carried.
I have an Amendment on the Paper which I desire to move here. Rule 12 says— A workman shall not have in use at one time in any one place more than one of such cases or canisters. I wish to insert, after the word "workman," the words "not being a competent person appointed to fire shots." I move this Amendment for the reason that in the case of a competent person who may have very extensive duties to discharge it may be necessary for him to have a larger quantity of an explosive in use than one case or canister.
§ Amendment proposed, in page 29, line 39, after "workmen," to insert "not being a competent person appointed to fire shots."—(Mr. Tomlinson.)
I shall oppose the insertion of these words for the reason that I am altogether opposed to the use of gunpowder for blasting purposes in mines——
rose and made an observation which was inaudible.
I really must protest against these interruptions. I refer to the Amendment of the Home Secretary (Mr. Matthews), and the hon. Member for Preston (Mr. Tomlinson) interrupts me; I refer to an Amendment of the bon. Member for Preston, and the Home Secretary interrupts me. I object altogether to the use of gunpowder in mines, and I appeal from the Home Secretary and from the hon. Member for Preston to one of the Government Inspectors—namely, to the opinion of Mr. Hall, who declares that 20 years' experience has satisfied him that more danger of an explosion is incurred in the operation of blasting than from any other cause, and also that it is largely resorted to where it would pay persons very much better to dispense with it. The Legislature ought long ago to have forbidden blasting in coal pits full of men. It has been strongly urged by Mr. Hall and other Inspectors that in a new Coal Mines Bill the law should prohibit blasting, and should require, where it does take place, that everyone should be out of the way while the blasting is being done except the shot firer. What I have to say upon that is this—that I cannot understand how anyone can consent to allow blasting to take place who admits that in such operations there is such serious danger to life and limb that it is absolutely necessary to clear the scene, as far as possible, of human beings while it is taking place. It makes an exception, of course, in the case of a shot-lighter. Why is such an exception made? It is a question of minimizing the risk. I think civilization does not require that a forlorn hope should be constituted in the shape of these blastings.
The hon. Gentleman is not speaking at all to the Amendment. The sub-section is that— A workman shall not have in use at any one time in any one place more than one of such cases or canisters; and the Amendment is to insert after the word "workman," "not being the competent person appointed to fire the shots."
The Amendment goes to a relaxation of the stringency of the rule. I am in favour of making the rule more stringent than 754 it is, and limiting, not only the amount of explosive substances allowed in the field of operation, but also limiting the number of such operations. I object to any relaxation of the proposed rule. I say that if there is danger at all from one man, or 20 men, being allowed to bring these explosive substances into a mine, the thing ought not to be allowed. The hon. Member for Preston (Mr. Tomlinson) has himself mentioned gunpowder, and that is why I thought this was a proper occasion to enter a protest against the use of that explosive. Gunpowder is not necessary. You may have dynamite-soldered cartridges, which are much safer. You may effect your explosion by other means; therefore, it is reasonable to object to the use of gunpowder, especially in the face of the testimony of one of Her Majesty's Inspectors with regard to the danger attending the use of gunpowder. I think this is a point of the Bill with regard to which the Committee ought to proceed with the greatest possible care.
§ MR. ATHERLEY JONES (Durham, N.W.)
I do hope the hon. Member for Preston, for the purpose of saving the time of the Committee, and enabling us to proceed with this Bill and getting it finished, if possible, this Session, will withdraw his Amendment. The clause to which reference has been made by the hon. Member is taken from the Act of 1872, which provides that an explosive substance shall not be taken into the mine, except in cartridges in a case or canister containing not more than four pounds. The object of this particular clause is to prevent a number of canisters knocking about the mine without rhyme or reason. I trust the hon. Gentleman will withdraw the Amendment.
On behalf of my hon. Relative (Mr. H. F. Pease), I beg to move the Amendment which stands in his name, and that is to leave out the words "or have in his possession," in line 41. The hon. Gentleman who has placed this Amendment on the Paper represents the Cleveland iron and stone district in the North Riding of Yorkshire, and he proposes this Amendment at the request of miners and men. In that district there is no gas generated 755 whatever, and the men feel that if they are not to have in their possession during the process of blasting "any iron or steel pricker, scraper, charger, tamping rod, or stemmer," they will be unable to carry on their occupation. These tools are used in the process of mining, in drilling holes for the shot; and my hon. Relative desires these words should be omitted from the Bill, because the tools remain actually in the possession of the men, although they are not used during the actual process of blasting.
§ Amendment proposed, in page 29, line 41, leave out "or have in his possession."—(Sir Joseph Pease.)
The hon. Baronet has not explained to us whether a man should be allowed to have in his possession tools he is prohibited from using. He is not to use any iron or steel pricker, scraper, charger, tamping rod, or stemmer; but he may have them in his possession. He is to be in the position of Tantalus—he is to have a tool constantly dangling before him, but he is not to use it.
The clause, amended as proposed, would read— In the process of blasting, a person shall not use any iron or steel pricker, scraper, charger, tamping rod, or stemmer. A man does not want to use any of these things in the process of blasting; but he has to have them in his possession during the time he is at work.
What is an iron or steel pricker, scraper, charger, tamping rod, or stemmer used for, except for the process of blasting? They are not used for the eating of a dinner.
I am sorry to have to explain. These tools are used for the purpose of making an incision for the powder. A man does not use them in the process of blasting; but he has them in his possession while the blasting is taking place; he cannot make a hole without having these tools in his possession.
I beg to move the omission of the word "scraper" in line 42. The scraper is only used for 756 scraping the inside of a hole. It is not capable of being used for any dangerous purpose.
§ Amendment proposed, in line 42, to leave out "scraper."—(Mr. Tomlinson.)
§ Question proposed, "That the word 'scraper' stand part of the Clause."
I have letters in my hand relating to this very word, and forwarded to me by the representatives of the Cleveland mineowners, and by the secretary to the Cleveland miners. The scraper used in the Cleveland district is an iron or steel one, and there is no danger in using such a tool, because it does not strike a light. My informants are of opinion, however, that if a copper tool is to be used instead of an iron one they will be put to considerable unnecessary expense. Perhaps the right hon. Gentleman will look into this matter, and see by Report whether it is not possible for him to meet the wishes of the miners in this respect.
I will inquire and see if I can satisfy the hon. Baronet.
I beg to propose to insert after the words "where the charge has missed fire" in line 2, page 30— Provided that where an electrical apparatus has been employed to ignite a shot or shots, the workman in case of a miss-fire (if the wires used to ignite such shot or shots have been previously disconnected from the electrical apparatus) may resume work immediately after such miss-fire. The advantages of this Amendment are two-fold, and I will mention them very briefly. In the first place, the Amendment encourages the use of electrical apparatus in mines, which is a very desirable thing, as it does away with the use of the fuse; and, secondly, it prevents a great waste of time which now elapses after a shot is fired, before the workmen may resume work in the mine. Under the present system, as often as four hours or even more have to transpire after a shot is fired before workmen can resume work in the part of the mine where the blasting has taken place. I hope the right hon. Gentleman the Secretary of State for the Home Department will see his way to accept this Amendment.
§ Amendment proposed, In page 30, line 2, after "where the charge has missed fire"—insert "Provided that where an electrical apparatus has been employed to ignite a shot or shots, the workmen, in case of it miss-fire (if the wires used to ignite such shot or shots have been previously disconnected from the electrical apparatus) may resume work immediately after such miss fire."—(Mr. Coghill.)
I quite agree that the words of the hon. Gentleman embody a perfectly legitimate and proper arrangement; but will he do me the favour of observing that there is no prohibition against the resumption of work after a shot has missed fire? The words are totally unnecessary. Why should we put in words to secure liberty to do that which is not prohibited? I appeal to hon. Members not to propose such Amendments as this, especially in view of the amount of work we have yet to do.
I will not detain the Committee long in moving the Amendment which stands in my name. Hon. Gentlemen will observe that I have framed a new set of rules with regard to shot firing. It is with great reluctance I have approached the question, because of the difficulty experienced in respect of it. Since the Bill has been drafted, however, I have received representations from various persons interested in mining in different parts of the country, relating to the manner in which the rules were drawn in the original Bill, especially Rule G and Rule H. It was represented to me that I was offering a serious impediment to the mining industry in various parts of the country. The difficulty I have felt all along in framing the shot-firing clause is to define in any language that will fit all cases the condition of safety, or the condition of danger respectively. As the Committee know perfectly well, in the present law the condition of safety is described by two features; first, that there shall be no blue flame upon the cap of a safety lamp; and secondly, that blue flame has been absent for three months. The time test, so far as I can ascertain from practical men, has given universal dissatisfaction. To talk about what the condition of the mine was three months 758 ago is perfectly idle, and the Committee will see I felt this very strongly when I drew these clauses originally. Upon further reflection, and consideration and consultation with practical men, it was pointed out that the time test was altogether a bad one and an unsatisfactory one, and that the only value of the time test or of looking back was simply to give you an additional chance of checking any error in your inspection. Of course, the important thing is to ascertain the condition of the mine at the moment you are firing the shot. There may be error and negligence, of course, and the only value of the time test—that is, of looking back—is to get a correction by several observations. The question is, how far is it reasonably practicable or reasonably wise to carry that repetition of the observation? To go back three months, practical men say, really does no good. A colliery might be perfectly free from gas three months ago and dangerous now, or vice verâ—it may be free from gas now while it was dangerous three months ago. The only use of going back is, I say, to afford some correction of your observations at the time. The important thing is to know the condition of things at the moment you are going to fire the shot. If you look back, it is only as a means of verifying or making yourselves sure of your observations. I hope that in what I have done I have not done wrong. The Committee will see that in these new clauses I have practically abandoned the time test, except to this extent—that I have provided that you should look back for the last four inspections under Rule 4, and the Committee will remember what those inspections are. If your ventilating district has not got a clean bill of health; if you have got gas anywhere recorded in one of the four inspections, I now require that a competent person shall go to the place where gas is reported to be, and shall ascertain, by inspection, that the gas has been cleared away. Is it to be cleared away absolutely? Is it to be cleared away so that there shall not be a scintilla of gas to be found? I am told that is too much to demand for the practical working of collieries. It is enough that the gas shall be so far cleared away that the place where gas was reported is in a safe condition—that is, that it is safe to fire a shot in 759 the ventilating district, notwithstanding that there was gas. So far for the ventilating district. Then, I have made a provision which I think is a fair and essential one—namely, that the place where the shot is going to be fired, and a radius of 20 yards of it, shall be examined by a competent person to see if it is safe to fire a shot. Furthermore, I have provided that if the place is dusty you must water it for 20 yards round the spot where you fire the shot. I am sorry that the right hon. Gentleman the Member for South Leeds (Sir Lyon Playfair) is not present because he has suggested that deliquiscent salts should be sprinkled about the place instead of water. If you apply these salts long enough before the shot is fired, so as to make the roof, sides, and floor, in a wet condition at the time you fire the shot, this process will be found to be quite as good as watering. In some cases, where the sides and roof are of clay, watering would ruin the mine, and the alternative of using a water cartridge is permitted. Finally, as before, I have framed a special rule relating to the haulage road. There have been, of late, serious and terrible explosions in haulage roads, in mines, which seem to show that light dust not only aggravates explosions, but is itself capable of producing an extensive explosion. That was the case at Elmore, and at Alltofts the explosion was apparently due to dust alone. It is provided, therefore, that in haulage roads, not only shall the conditions as to watering be observed, but that workmen shall be removed from the seam in which the shot is to be fired, and from all seams communicating with the same shafts in the same level. I submit these rules with diffidence and deference to the Committee. All I can say is, I have done my best, on the one hand to insure the safety of the miners, and on the other not to injure the mining industry. I shall be quite ready to accept any Amendment to my Amendment which the Committee may think reasonable.
§ Amendment proposed, In pages 30 and 31, leave out from (f) to (l) both inclusive, and insert— (f.) In any place in which the use of a locked safety lamp is for the time being required by or in pursuance of this Act, or which is dry and dusty, no shot shall be fired except by or under the direction of a competent person appointed by the owner, agent, or manager of the mine, and such person 760 shall not fire the shot, or allow it to be fired, until he has examined both the place itself where the shot is to be fired and all contiguous accessible places of the same seam within a radius of twenty yards, and has found such place safe for firing; (g.) If in any mine, at either of the four inspections under rule 4 recorded last before a shot is to be fired, inflammable gas has been reported to be present in the ventilating district in which the shot is to be fired, the shot shall not be fired unless a competent person, appointed as aforesaid, has examined the place where gas has been so reported to be present, and has found that such gas has been cleared away, and that there is not at or near such place sufficient gas issuing or accumulated to render it unsafe to fire the shot, or unless the explosive employed in firing the shot is used with water or other contrivance, so as to prevent it from inflaming gas, or is of such a nature that it cannot inflame gas; (h.) If the place where a shot is to be fired is dry and dusty, then the shot shall not be fired unless one of the following conditions is observed—that is to say, (1) unless the place of firing and all contiguous accessible places within a radius of twenty yards therefrom are at the time of firing in a wet state from thorough watering, or other treatment equivalent to watering, in all parts where dust is lodged, whether roof, floor, or sides; or (2) in the case of places in which watering would injure the roof or floor, unless the explosive is used with water, or other contrivance, so as to prevent it from inflaming gas or dust, or is of such a nature that it cannot inflame gas or dust; (i.) If such dry and dusty place is part of a main haulage road, or is a place contiguous thereto, and showing dust adhering to the roof and sides, no shot shall be fired there unless both the conditions mentioned in sub-head (h) have been observed, or unless such one of the conditions mentioned in sub-head (h) as may be applicable to the particular place has been observed, and moreover all workmen have been removed from the seam in which the shot is to be fired, and from all seams communicating with the shaft on the same level, except the men engaged in firing the shot, and such other persons not exceeding ten as are necessarily employed in attending to the ventilating furnaces, steam boilers, engines, machinery, winding apparatus, signals, or horses, or in inspecting the mine; (k.) In this rule 'ventilating district' means such part of a seam as has an independent intake commencing from a main intake air course, and an independent return air way terminating at a main return air course; and 'main haulage roads' means a road which has been, or for the time being is, in use for moving trams by steam or other mechanical power; (l.) Where a seam of a mine is not divided into separate ventilating districts, the provisions of sub-head (g.) shall be read as 761 though the word 'seam' were substituted for the words 'ventilating district;' (m.) So much of this rule as requires the explosive substance taken into the mine to be in cartridges, and the provisions (g.), (h.), (i.), (k.), and (l.) shall not apply to mines of clay or stratified ironstone in the has formation, which do not give off or contain inflammable gas."—(Mr. Secretary Matthews.)
§ Question proposed, "That the words 'In any place in a mine' stand part of the Clause."
We have now reached the most important and probably the most difficult part of the Bill. It is but justice to the right hon. Gentleman the Home Secretary (Mr. Matthews) to admit, as I frankly do, that he has given the utmost consideration to this very complicated and difficult question. I consider the Amendment now before the Committee is a great improvement on the clause as it was originally drawn. The substitution of "place" for "district" or "mine" is a very considerable improvement, but there is not yet a definition of the phrase "dry and dusty," and probably it will be very difficult to find one. It will be seen that the manager of a mine is to decide what is a "dry and dusty" place. Now, if this decision is left entirely with the manager I submit that, considering that he will be placing his mine under much severer restrictions than would otherwise be the case, he will be under a great temptation to run extra risk rather than submit to such restrictions. Where there is individual ownership and responsibility coming directly home to a particular man, that man will naturally take special pains to run as little risk as possible; but in the case of Limited Liability Companies, though the directions may not be very plainly given to that effect, it is implied that the managers should work the mine with as little cost as possible. I think it is very desirable that we should have some more strict definition than we have in the clause as it stands. I think it would have been much better if the right hon. Gentleman the Secretary of State for the Home Department could have seen his way to laying down a general principle in regard to shot tiring. He might have laid down general principles which would have been much more effective in the direction of safety than the complicated provisions which we have now before us. How- 762 ever, I do not at all complain; but in view of the difficulties of the question, I recognize, as I think I have done already, very thankfully that the Home Secretary has shown every disposition to deal with the question as effectively and broadly as possible in the direction of safety, and in the direction of making a practicable Bill. I have an Amendment to submit, and it is one which may appeal to the Home Secretary's mind. It is to the effect that no shot shall, be fired until the agent or manager has examined both the place itself where the shot is to be fired and all the contiguous accessible places of the same seam within a radius of 20 yards into which a safety lamp or indicator capable of detecting 1 per cent of gas is inserted. It is exactly in inaccessible places that the danger lies; and the right hon. Gentleman has already pointed out, in the statement he has made to the Committee, that in some places explosions have occurred where there was no evidence at all of the presence of gas, and where there was reason to believe that the explosion was due almost entirely to the presence of a large quantity of coal dust. As the right hon. Gentleman is aware, the ordinary method of examination with a safety lamp will only show 2 per cent of gas—it will not show less than 2 per cent of gas; and it has been already demonstrated by experiments that 2 per cent of gas mixed with coal dust may afford conditions sufficient to bring about a very serious explosion indeed. Now, there are indicators which are capable of detecting a much smaller amount than 2 per cent—even less than 1 per cent, I believe, can be shown—and I think it exceedingly desirable that it should be detected in as small quantities as possible. Perhaps this might be made prospective. I do not know that things are quite ripe for its application at once; but I do think that, as soon as possible, we ought to have the best scientific instruments which it is possible to secure in order to detect the smallest amount possible of gas.
The Amendment the hon. Member proposes cannot be moved at present until the first Amendment is carried to leave out certain words. The Question I have to put now is that the words "in any place in a mine," stand part of the clause.
§ Question, "That the words 'in any place in a mine,' stand part of the Clause," put, and negatived.
§ Words omitted.
§ Question proposed, "That the proposed words be there inserted."
§ Amendment proposed, In line 8 of the proposed Amendment, after the words "twenty yards," insert the words "into which a safety lamp or indicator capable of detecting so small a portion as one per cent of gas can be there inserted."—(Mr. Burt.)
I cannot refrain from expressing satisfaction at the original clause having been replaced by this clause on the Paper. Feeling strongly, as I do, the importance of providing for the safety of miners, it did seem to me that the subsection of the original clause would have worked the greatest inconvenience and hardship throughout the whole of the country. But, whilst fully admitting that I am at a loss to understand—I do not know whether it is competent for me, in discussing this particular Amendment, to deal with the whole clause, or whether I am bound to confine myself to the particular Amendment before the Committee.
The hon. Member must confine himself to the particular Amendment.
Then, in confining myself to that, I venture to think that the right hon. Gentleman is, perhaps, re-introducing a very grave element into the clause. I have already ventured to bring before the Committee the subject of a scientific instrument that detects a very small quantity of gas in a mine, and I believe that in process of a very short time those instruments will be found to be very much more simple and very much more readily available for purposes of detecting gas than they are at the present time, and that they will be brought into common use. But at the present time it would be undesirable to make it compulsory to adopt it. We are endeavouring, so far as I can understand the position of affairs—and I hope it will be made known as publicly as possible—to bring about a compromise. This clause is in the nature of a temporary compromise. It is quite clear, from what the Commissioners 764 have told us, that it is possible before long that we may be able to adopt an explosive which will be absolutely safe; but at this stage, very naturally, a great industry cannot accept a revolution by a stroke of the pen, or by a clause in an Act of Parliament; and I cannot help thinking that it would be desirable that two or three years should be allowed to elapse until this now explosive, which we are told is absolutely safe, can be made applicable. Do not let us spoil this compromise by inserting a clause which would make it almost impracticable. If the Amendment of the hon. Member for Morpeth (Mr. Burt) is adopted, it is clear that before any shot can be fired some instrument must be used which will detect 1 per cent of gas. It is equally clear that no safety lamp detects anything under 2½ per cent of gas; therefore, we make it obligatory on the master of any colliery in the Kingdom before a shot is fired to use an instrument. I think that, for the time being, we must be content with the cap of the safety lamp. To that extent the Government will adopt the Amendment of my hon. Friend. I think it necessary, before a shot is fired anywhere in a mine where safety lamps are used, that the place should not only be generally examined, but that some moans should be adopted to ascertain whether there is anything approaching an explosive mixture of air and gas and coal dust within the 20 yards. I hope that in this particular clause the Government will accept, with some modifications, the Amendment of my hon. Friend.
It seems tome a mistake to assert that 1 per cent of gas in a mine could be detected by an indicator. We have no reliable indicator at our disposal other than the safety lamp. Some reference has been made to the Liveling indicator; well, we have tried that at some of our collieries, but have received very bad reports of it from our general manager. It is a mistake to place upon a colliery manager a duty which he is unable to discharge—that is to say, the duty of employing an indicator which shall show 1 per cent of gas. I would defy the hon. Member who makes the proposal to do it himself.
§ SIR HUSSEY VIVIAN (Swansea, District)
I think that, for all practical purposes, the safety of a mine would be 765 secured by the words which are proposed by the right hon. Gentleman the Secretary of State for the Home Department. It will provide that the place where the shot is fired is rendered perfectly secure before the firing. I think the words proposed by the right hon. Gentleman will be found in practice to be completely sufficient, because they provide that the place shall be safe for firing. Without going into niceties as to how much per cent of gas is present, the clause provides that the place shall be safe for firing. If those words are accepted, I think they will be sufficient to assure the safety of the mine under all circumstances. I must say I think it will be a very onerous position to place the owner or manager of a mine in, to require that the particular test of 1 per cent shall be imposed on him by a statutory enactment. To place him under such a condition will be a very serious matter indeed. I think it is quite right to place him under a statutory obligation to see that every place shall be safe for firing; but to say that the place shall not contain more than 1 per cent of gas, when it is evident that the test by which you would determine whether 1 per cent of gas was present is still a most difficult and most uncertain test, would be to place the manager or owner in a very onerous position. And I do hope that my hon. Friend, who is so very reasonable in all that he says, and in all that he does, in regard to this Bill, will not press this Amendment. It appears to me, and I have very great pleasure in saying it, that the right hon. Gentleman the Secretary of State for the Home Department has met the requirements of the various interests—those of owners of mines, and also of those who work in the mines—in a very admirable spirit. I took an active part in the discussion on the first Coal Mines Regulation Bill which was ever introduced into this Souse in 1861; I took an interest in the subject subsequently in 1862; and I am bound to say that I have never known any Home Secretary—even carrying my mind back to Sir George Cornewall Lewis—who has endeavoured more earnestly to fulfil his very onerous duties of providing for the safety of the men in the mines of the country than the right hon. Gentleman the present Home Secretary. I cannot but tender to him my grateful thanks for the earnest manner in which he has 766 devoted his attention to this most difficult clause. I am bound to say I entirely approve of the mode in which he has met the other difficulties which he has had to encounter, and I think it must be a very great satisfaction to him to know that he has met both the requirements of the master and the man. I have received testimony from both men and masters in the great district of Glamorgan to the effect that they are perfectly satisfied with the Amendments proposed by the right hon. Gentleman. Not very long ago a large number of working miners came up here; and it happened accidentally that I went into the room where a large number of them were present without any of them being aware that I was going. One and all of them said to me, on referring to this clause as it then stood—"It will be a very dark day for South Wales when that clause is carried." They feared, and I believe rightly, that it would have exercised a very serious influence on our mining industry in South Wales. But they are now absolutely and entirely satisfied with the clause as it stands, and I do trust that it will be carried.
I have listened with great satisfaction to the remarks of the hon. Gentleman the Member for Swansea District (Sir Hussey Vivian), and I wish to re-echo his words, and the remarks of the hon. Member for Morpeth (Mr. Burt), as to the great pains the right hon. Gentleman the Home Secretary has taken with regard to this clause. A more difficult and complicated subject a man could hardly turn his attention to, because these clauses are not clauses to fit a particular mine, but to affect the whole mining interest generally in the Kingdom. I believe that if we begin to deal with these clauses in the way of minute criticism, and if we begin to advocate the views which different districts take upon the matter, we shall never get through this Bill during the present Session. I do not know if hon. Gentlemen who sit behind me will agree; but I would beg them not to move their Amendments on the Paper with regard to these clauses. Let us take them en bloc, and if we find in the course of the working of them that they require amendment, when we come together again there will be no difficulty in bringing in a Supplementary Bill for the pur- 767 pose of amendment. But if we start criticizing line by line these difficult questions, I am sure we shall not only consume the whole night in the work, but we shall consume more time than Her Majesty's Government can possibly afford during the present Session. As to the Amendment now moved, I believe I am right in saying that no safety lamp could indicate the presence of so small a quantity as 1 per cent of gas, and therefore the hon. Member drives us back to the indicator. With regard to the indicator, the Royal Commission has told us that there is not one you can rely upon without running extra risk of danger. An indicator is a thing which may indicate very accurately in the right hands, but which may indicate very wrongly if put in other hands.
I am sure no words from me are needed in confirmation of the statement of other hon. Members as to the efficient and practical manner in which the right hon. Gentleman the Home Secretary has discharged the difficult task he has had to perform. I should like to know exactly what is meant by the Amendment of my hon. Friend the Member for Morpeth (Mr. Burt), because it would give me very great pain indeed to have to go into a different Lobby to him upon this question. I should be sorry to differ from him on such a matter of importance. Sub-section 4 of Rule 4 says that the inspection shall be made with a locked safety lamp. The first part of the Amendment of my hon. Friend is met in that Rule; but what is the point? We want to know whether, by an indicator, you would be able to find 1 per cent, or any percent, less than that which you would discover by a safety lamp? If you could find even a less percentage than that, you would then prevent a shot being fired—is it that you want to do that, or that you simply want to have a knowledge of the amount of gas in the mine when the shot was tired? Perhaps the hon. Gentleman would explain what he means by the Amendment, and then probably it will not be necessary that we should divide. I fully explained the matter as to the specification question put to me by my hon. Friend as to whether this would prevent a shot being fired. I say "No;" but it is as well that you should be aware that you have gas 768 in a mine if there is gas in it. You cannot indicate less than 2 per cent with a safety lamp, scarcely less than 2½ per cent; but if there is 1 per cent of gas in a mine, it is as well that you should know that it is there. If the colliery managers are quite prepared to accept the risk of firing shots with 1 per cent of gas in a mine, let them do it. I should not alter the clause, but should leave it to their discretion.
§ The Committee divided:—Ayes 91; Noes 142: Majority 51.—(Div. List, No. 386.) [11.25 P.M.]
§ Amendment amended, and agreed to.
I feel bound to call the attention of the Committee to the Amendment standing in my name—namely, to leave out the words "in the case of places in which watering would injure the roof or floor." I think it is only fair to those who desire to use the high explosives in preference to the use of gunpowder with watering. As I understand, if these explosives are used carefully they are practically as safe as if you use gunpowder after watering. I cannot help thinking that the water cartridge is a product highly satisfactory, and I think those who want to use high explosives should not be put to the positive proof that watering would injure the mine; I think they should be allowed to decide for themselves the course which they should adopt in mining. I beg to move the Amendment standing in my name.
§ Amendment proposed, line 26, leave out the words "in the case of places in which watering would injure the roof or floor."—(Mr. Tomlinson.)
The primary object of these sub-heads is that if you are firing a shot you must water 20 yards round. Even when there is the usual percentage of gas with dust it is likely to cause an explosion; and is it not the obvious course to take to say where you have the dust you must lay it with water? And then comes these gentlemen who are represented by my hon. and learned Friend, and they say—"If you compel us to water we shall injure our mines." I say you need not water; but, if not, you must use the high explosive with water other contrivance 769 so as to prevent it from inflaming gas or dust. Certainly the use of a high explosive may be made perfectly safe; but in the hands of a rough workman who would not be absolutely bound down there may be sparks in one case out of 50, and therefore I say it is a concession to say that if watering injures your mine you may use the higher explosives if you use them in a particular way. I hope the hon. and learned Gentleman will not press the Amendment. I think that when people can, without spoiling their mine, water in a dusty place, they should water, and it is especially the more necessary after we have discarded the Amendment of the hon. Gentleman the Member for Morpeth (Mr. Burt), who suggested the use of a smaller indicator than the safety lamp, as it was shown that two per cent of gas, plus dust, is a condition of danger.
I wish to remove a misapprehension that appears to exist in regard to the water cartridge and other compounds of a gelatinous nature. In regard to this question the certificated colliery managers of North Staffordshire say— Blasting by means of ordinary powder has been given up as quite unsafe in some of the mines in this district for years, but since the introduction of the gelatinous compounds and the water cartridge with electric firing apparatus, we have been employing the system for nearly two years, and at this moment its adoption is daily increasing, and not one single case of accident has occurred while some 200,000 shots have been fired. In the question of the cost the new system compares favourably with the use of powder and old fashioned fuse, and on the average the expense is no greater, while the coal is got in an equally good if not better condition; but above all is the sense of security experienced by the men and managers, owing to the killing of the flame on the explosion of every shot. We consider that the clauses on shot firing in the Bill, as drawn, are wisely drawn, and with some slight modifications should stand. We, in North Staffordshire, prefer the Bill as it was drawn originally to the Amendments now proposed by the right hon. Gentleman the Home Secretary. The following is the testimony of the partner of the former Member for North Staffordshire—Mr. Cooper—who says— We have been firing between 40 and 50 shots per day during the last 12 months, and in no single instance has any spark or flame ever been detected. In seams similar to the ones we are working, which are both hard to get and very fiery, and where it would be highly dangerous to use any of the ordinary explosives 770 for blasting, it is a boon for which colliery proprietors cannot be too grateful. It is everything that is claimed for it—namely, a safety cartridge; and I shall always be pleased to bear my testimony as to its efficiency, both for safety and in getting the coal, to all I meet. I must say it seems to me hon. Gentlemen do not quite appreciate the value of this invention, and that they do all they can to depreciate it.
I have used high explosives with water cartridges for some months, and I cannot see any reason for watering; if there was any sense in it I should have done it in a moment; but it is a needless operation in the way of using water cartridges. I hope the words will be omitted.
As I think the words are unnecessary I would support the hon. Member for Preston if he went to a Division, but I leave it to his own discretion to decide whether he would press it or not.
I am not in the least convinced by what the right hon. Gentleman the Home Secretary has said that it is not a desirable alteration in the clause; but as I do not consider that I should receive that amount of support that would justify me in going to a Division I will not press the Amendment, but perhaps I may be allowed to reserve my right to bring the subject before the House upon Report if I should find it desirable to do so.
I heard the hon. Gentleman the Member for Morpeth (Mr. Burt) with some surprise support the Amendment of the hon. and learned Member for Preston. Does he know it is an Amendment relaxing the stringency of the rules? If these words are struck out it would allow a shot to be fired with high explosives in a highly dusty place with no watering at all. If the really practical men of the Committee are agreeable I must confess that I would not stand in the way; but I must point out that the effect of the Amendment would be to allow a shot to be fired freely in a dusty place with a high explosive without any watering at all.
I believe the experience of North Staffordshire justifies us in expressing to the full our objection to the series of Amendments put by the right hon. Gentleman, and we feel that it is very hard that where we cannot deal with our mines in the 771 way prescribed that we should not be allowed the free use of the water cartridge and gelatinous substances. I myself have seen in the use of gelatinous substances that not a particle of spark was visible, whereas in explosions with gunpowder, with every precaution taken, there has been a stream of sparks and flame. I think it is unfortunate that we should not have had the opportunity of supporting the hon. and learned Member for Preston in this very sensible Amendment, but if it is the opinion of the Committee to accept these Amendments en bloc I hope it will be understood that they will be challenged on Report.
The next Amendment I understand the right hon. Gentleman the Home Secretary is prepared to accept.
§ Amendment proposed, in line 28, after the word "is," to insert the word "so."—(Mr. Tomlinson.)
§ Question, "That that word be there inserted," put, and agreed to.
§ Further Amendment proposed, in same line, to leave out the word "so."—(Mr. Tomlinson.)
§ Question, "That that word be there left out," put, and agreed to.
I feel it is desirable to bring before the Committee the Amendment standing in my name. The object of the Amendment is to prevent blasting with powder or similar explosives taking place in fiery mines when the full number of workmen are in the mine. The Report of the Royal Commission amongst other things showed that gunpowder was more dangerous than some other explosives, and that there were certain high explosives which, whether used in the form of water cartridges or in conjunction with porus tamping soaked with water were practically safe—that is, that they gave you a mechanical security over and above that derived from personal inspection. I may mention with regard to personal inspection of mines; I put aside the possibility of carelessness through defective watering, etc., and assume that the inspection is really carefully done; but as was represented by the hon. Member for Morpeth (Mr. Burt), a 772 short time ago, the greatest danger comes from the inaccessible places. Upon this subject I will read to the Committee an extract from an able mining engineer. He says— All accessible places within 20 yards of a shot shall first be swept and then watered. The question arises, what is an accessible place? There is more danger to be apprehended from places which are inaccessible. If shots were only to be fired in narrow places a solution would be easy; but in long wall and pillar workings there are so many nooks and corners the most careful man could not investigate all of them. Our arrangement at present is, before firing any shot in a long wall or other than a narrow place to take an extincteur, and play upon the roof and sides, and into all the crevices for about 20 yards from the shot. In this way we consider we lay the dust effectively, and, at the same time, avoid the danger of charging the atmosphere with fine particles which sweeping must always do. Thus there is still a danger that, however carefully the inspection is made, you may fail to discover the gas that exists, and that was the cause of an explosion which took place in Lancashire on May 26th last. What I would urge upon the Committee is this—When you have an explosive which affords you no security over and above the security you get from personal inspection, and that personal inspection is liable to error of all kinds; then, in my opinion, you are bound either to use a mechanical security, or remove the bulk of the men from "fiery" mines before you fire the shot.
§ Amendment proposed to the proposed Amendment (Mr. Secretary Matthews) to Clause 50, pages 30 and 31, line 42, Rule 12, after Sub-section (i.), insert the following sub-section:— In the case of a seam of a mine which, either by reason of the inflammable gas issuing, or by reason of the joint effect of gas and dust may be deemed a 'fiery mine,' a shot shall not be fired with gunpowder or blasting powder, or other explosive which, when used with water or other contrivance, is not prevented from inflaming gas, unless all workmen have been removed from the ventilating district in which such shot is to be fired, and the ventilating districts immediately contiguous thereto, except those necessarily employed as named in the foregoing Sub-section (i.).—(Colonel Blundell.)
I do not know whether the attention of hon. Members opposite has been called to this, but this is putting back with a vengeance.
§ SIR HUSSEY VIVIAN
I can safely say, Sir, if this Amendment were 773 adopted, it would produce a very serious effect indeed upon our mines in South Wales. I do not think it possible to exaggerate the mischief that would arise to our collieries. This matter has been very carefully considered indeed; I have heard the testimony of both masters and men upon it, and I am quite sure that if this Amendment were to become law a very large proportion of our most valuable mines would be absolutely stopped; they could not work, it would be impossible. There was consternation on the part of the men, and as I said a short time ago some of them used this expression which I will quote again, that if the gunpowder was prohibited it would be the blackest day for South Wales they had ever known. Now, it must not be supposed by the hon. and gallant Gentleman the Member for the Ince Division of South West Lancashire that we are not fully sensible of the dangers that are run in mines; but we think by providing that in all places where shots are to be fired the most careful inspection shall be made to see that no gas to any dangerous amount remains, and that these places should have the dust removed from them, and then be well damped we are quite confident no danger would occur. There are large collieries in South Wales where this precaution has already been adopted for years, and in those mines where the dust has been removed and the places have been damped no explosions have ever occurred, and therefore why we should be precluded from using gunpowder under those conditions I fail to understand. The use of high explosives is not practicable in our mines; it shatters the coal too much, and we also run the risk of its shattering the roof. It is perfectly well known that by far the greater portion of fatal accidents in mines occur from the falls of the roof, and therefore if you shatter and shake the roof you run a very great risk of bringing on those serious accidents that occur from the falls of roof. We are perfectly confident that if the rule as provided by the right hon. Gentleman the Secretary of State for the Home Department is adopted that the greatest amount of safety that can be obtained will be obtained, and I therefore trust the Committee will not entertain the Amendment proposed by the hon. and gallant Gentleman.
I trust the hon. and gallant Gentleman will withdraw the Amendment. Time is running on, and we desire to finish the clause.
I would ask leave to withdraw the Amendment; but I am glad that I had the opportunity of bringing it before the Committee, believing that time will effect a change of opinion upon the subject.
The next Amendment is inadmissible.
I did not intend to move it, as I do not wish to give advice to the Committee that I do not follow myself; but I wish to point out to the right hon. Gentleman the First Lord of the Treasury (Mr. W. H. Smith) that, if the advice I gave to the Committee had been taken half-an-hour ago by the right hon. Gentleman's Friends, they would have been much, further forward.
§ Amendment proposed, in page 31, Rule 13, line 44, to leave out the word "twenty," and insert the word "thirty."—(Mr. Tomlinson.)
I beg to move to add, after Rule 16, the following:— There shall be at least two proper travelling ways into every engine room and boiler gallery in coal and other mines.
§ Amendment proposed, In page 28, line 12, after general rule 15, add—"There shall be at least two proper travelling ways into every engine room and boiler gallery in coal and other mines."—(Mr. Burt.)
May I ask whether we are on the 2nd Amendment?
The hon. Member did not move it.
I have had my attention called to cases in which very serious accidents have occurred owing to the want of these travelling ways, and I think it very desirable that the question should be considered.
I have to put the Amendment.
§ Amendment proposed, In page 28, line 12, after general rule 15, add the words "There shall be at least two 775 proper travelling ways into every engine room and boiler gallery in coal and other mines.
I do not see any objection to the insertion of the words proposed by the hon. Member, except that they require some modification; otherwise, I think there should be two travelling ways.
I understand from the right hon. Gentleman the Home Secretary that he is willing to accept the principle of my Amendment, which has emanated from some of the enginemen, many of whom attach great importance to it.
I should like to know exactly what it is the hon. Member (Mr. Burt) means by this Amendment. There may be an engine-room in which the work is done by compressed air. I suppose the hon. Gentleman only means where there is steam. I will therefore move that the word "steam" be inserted after the word "every" and before the words "engine-room," in the hon. Member's Amendment.
§ Amendment proposed to the proposed Amendment, by inserting the word "steam" before the words "engine-room."
I think the words "and other" ought to be omitted.
I move that the words "and other" be omitted.
§ Amendment proposed to the proposed Amendment, by omitting the words "and other," before the word "mines."
§ Question, "That those words be there omitted," put, and agreed to.
§ Proposed Amendment, as amended, put, and agreed to.
I have a very small Amendment, of a purely verbal character, to propose—namely, after the word "place," inline 13, page 32, to insert the words "of refuge."
§ Amendment proposed, in page 32, line 13, after the word "place," insert the words "of refuge."
§ MR. WOOTTON ISAACSON (Tower Hamlets, Stepney)
There is an Amendment standing in my name which I think should come in here. I apprehend that 776 the Bill now before the Committee has been framed for the purpose of minimizing the number of accidents and deaths that occur in mines, and my Amendment is intended to assist in securing that result.
I rise to Order. I do not know whether there has not been some misunderstanding with regard to a second Amendment of mine preceding that of the hon. Member for the Stepney Division of the Tower Hamlets (Mr. Isaacson). I desire to move that Amendment. It is to insert, after the word "bottom," in Rule 19, line 22, the words "including the sump, if any."
§ Amendment proposed, in page 32, line 22, after the word "bottom," insert the words "including the sump, if any."
§ MR. WOOTTON ISAACSON
I will now resume the observations I was making when the hon. Member for Morpeth (Mr. Burt) interposed, as he had a perfect right to do. I think the Committee will agree with me, and, I assume, with every hon. Member representing South Wales, that, taking into consideration the tremendous loss of life which occurred in the Risca Valley in the year 1881, my Amendment, had it been part of the law for the regulation of mines at that period, would have been the means of preventing that calamity, which resulted in the sacrifice of no fewer than 164 lives. The effect of this Amendment would be to provide that there shall be three consecutive shifts in all mines—namely, two shifts of eight hours for the men who go down to fill the coal, and a further shift of eight hours for men to ventilate and clear the mines. Had such a provision been enacted in former days, as I have already stated, the serious disaster to which I have referred would not have happened.
The hon. Member is hardly speaking to the Amendment he has upon the Paper.
I have only adopted the line pursued by other hon. Members of prefacing my remarks by an illustration—a course which generally appears to be acceptable to the Committee. What I am desirous of bringing before the Committee is a pro- 777 posal by which a number of specially skilled workmen should be told off for the purpose of ventilating each mine, there being two other shifts for working and filling the coal. This plan, I believe, has never been adopted in the mines of South Wales, although I am well aware that it has been carried out in the North. I am speaking in the presence of hon. Members who have an intimate acquaintance with mining operations, and I have no doubt they will agree with this very sensible and proper Amendment. I do not think that the Bill introduced by the right hon. Gentleman the Home Secretary will be a perfect measure unless this provision is inserted. I trust, therefore, that it will moot with the acceptance of the right hon. Gentleman and be carried without a Division. I beg to move, as an Amendment to Rule 22, the insertion, at the end of the Rule, of the following words—"That the safety of the working places shall be insured by specially skilled men told off for that purpose."
§ Amendment proposed, In page 32, Rule 22, line 32, at end, to add the words "that the safety of the working places shall be insured by specially skilled men told off for that purpose."—(Mr. Wootton Isaacson.)
§ Question proposed, "That those words be there added.
I would point out to the hon. Member that in Rule 4 we agreed to the whole substance of his Amendment.
In that case I will withdraw the Amendment.
I have a small verbal Amendment to propose—namely, in line 34 of page 32, to insert, after the word "workmen," the words "employed therein."
§ Amendment proposed, in page 32, Rule 22, line 34, after the word "workmen," insert the words "employed therein."—(Mr. Tomlinson.)
I have an Amendment to move which I have not had an oppor- 778 tunity of putting upon the Paper. It is an addition to the Rule——
Before the hon. Member proposes his Amendment I have one which takes precedence of it. It relates to a matter which has excited a good deal of discussion. It is after the word "provided," in Rule 22, line 34, to insert the words "at the working place, or, if that be not convenient, then at the gate-end, pass-bye, or other similar place in the mine convenient to the workmen," and to leave out the words "in the mine at places convenient to the workmen."
The Amendment will be to leave out the words "in the mine at places convenient to the workmen," in order to insert the words "at the working place, or, if that be not convenient, then at the gate-end, pass-bye, or other similar place in the mine convenient to the workmen."
§ Amendment proposed, In page 32, Rule 22, line 34, after the word "provided," to leave out the words "in the mine at places convenient to the workmen," and insert instead thereof the words "at the working place, or, if that be not convenient, then at the gate-end, pass-bye, or other similar place in the mine convenient to the workmen."—(Mr. Tomlinson.)
§ Question, "That those words be there left out," put, and agreed to.
§ Question proposed, "That the words proposed be there inserted."
I do not know whether it would meet the views of the hon. and learned Member for Preston (Mr. Tomlinson) or the hon. Member for Morpeth (Mr. Burt), who has a similar Amendment, to take it in this shape—"at the working place, gate-end, pass-bye, or other similar place in the mine convenient to the workmen." This would simply entail the striking out of the Amendment, from the position in which they stand, the words "or, if that be not convenient, then at the gate-end."
§ MR. J. B. BALFOUR (Clackmannan, &c.)
I would point out that the term "pass-bye" is one that is not familiar to the miners of Scotland, and I would suggest that, in order to make it clear to them, the word "siding" should be inserted in substitution for the word "pass-bye."
I do not see any objection to that.
§ MR. J. B. BALFOUR
May I ask you, Sir, to read the Amendment again?
I will read it in the amended form. It stands thus—Clause 50, page 32, line 34, after the word "provided," insert the words "at the working place, gate-end, pass-bye, or other similar place in the mine convenient to the workmen."
Then, I will move the insertion of the word "siding" after the word "pass-bye."
Perhaps the Committee will allow me to point out that the words which the right hon. Gentleman the Home Secretary proposes to insert instead of the words of the proposed Amendment would have the effect of weakening the provision considerably. Our object is to secure that the timber cut in proper lengths should, in the first instance, be put in the working place, and, if that be not convenient, then we are content to have it placed at the gate-end, or pass-bye; but we are desirous that, where it is convenient, the timber so cut shall be put in the working place.
Do the Committee accept the Amendment in the amended form?
I give notice that on the Report stage of the Bill, I will move to reinsert the Amendment in its original form.
§ Amendment proposed to the proposed Amendment, that the word "siding" be inserted after the word "pass-bye."—(Mr. J. B. Balfour.)
§ Amendment, as amended, proposed, In page 32, line 34, after the word "provided," insert the words "at the working place, gate-end, pass-bye, siding, or other similar place in the mine convenient to the workmen,"—(Mr. Matthews.)
I would suggest that, after the word "mine," it would be better to have the words "most convenient."
The gate-end would be convenient; and I do not think the addition would be required.
I should like to know whether it would be in Order to move the reinsertion of the original words now?
No; it cannot be done now, because the word "siding" has been inserted subsequent to those words.
I desire, then, to move the Amendment which stands in my name. It is, after the words "holding props," in line 36, Rule 22, to add the words "where they are required."
§ Amendment proposed, in page 32, Rule 22, line 36, after the words "holding props," insert the words "where they are required."—(Mr. W. Abraham.)
I desire now, Sir, to move an addition to Rule 23, if this be the proper time.
Yes; the hon. Member may move his Amendment now.
The Amendment I wish to move is, as I have been assured, one in regard to which a very considerable amount of interest is felt, especially among the miners in the North. It is to add to Rule 23 these words— Provided that where inflammable gas has been found in a mine no minor or other workman shall ascend or descend the upcast shaft unless the downcast shaft shall, by reason of accident, or otherwise, be unavailable. I am quite sure that those hon. Members who have any knowledge of the difference between the upcast and the downcast shafts, and who have any idea of what it is to be in the upcast shaft, will at once appreciate the reason for moving this Amendment. One might almost as well be up a chimney as be in an upcast shaft, and be detained there for any space of time, as many of these miners sometimes are. The workmen, consequently, desire to be secured in their right to ascend and descend by the downcast shaft, in which the air is fresh, and is not charged with all kinds of noxious gases, especially carbonic acid gas.
§ Amendment proposed, At end of rule 23, page 32, to add the words, "Provided that where inflammable gas has been 781 found in a mine, no miner or other workman shall ascend or descend the upcast shaft, unless the downcast shaft shall, by reason of accident or otherwise be unavailable."—(Mr. Arthur O' Connor.)
§ Question proposed, "That those words he there added."
I do not think, as far as I am acquainted with the working of mines, that the workmen would be obliged to use the upcast shaft, and therefore I do not see the necessity for this Amendment.
It is a very unusual thing for the workmen to be in the upcast shaft; but at the same time, as it is very undesirable that they should be compelled to use the upcast shaft I strongly support the Amendment, which I hope the right hon. Gentleman the Home Secretary will accept.
I must confess that I can hardly understand the necessity for this Amendment. Rule 23 gives the workmen the option of using the downcast shaft.
I desire to say a word in support of the Amendment of my hon. Friend; and if there is any difficulty about accepting it, I hope the hon. Member will press it to a Division in order to test the opinion of the Committee upon it.
I would remind the Committee that a similar Amendment has been on the Paper for weeks in the name of the hon. Member for the Eastern Division of Glamorganshire (Mr. A. Thomas).
§ SIR RICHARD PAGET (Somerset, Wells)
That is so. There is an exactly similar Amendment on page 31 of the Amendment Paper.
§ MR. BARNES (Chesterfield)
I think that if this Amendment is to be adopted, it should be made simply prospective, as applicable only to new collieries, and not to those now in existence. I may refer to a case of my own, where the downcast shaft runs to one seam, and the upcast shaft to another.
I may be permitted to inform hon. Members who have spoken on this Amendment that all shafts are not 16 feet in width, and that it is a 782 very great inconvenience to the workmen to have to ascend or descend by the upcast shaft, when the furnace is burning underneath them. In case of any mishap to the machinery, which might cause the cage to be stopped in the shaft, and compel the man in it to hang over the smoke ascending from the furnace for any length of time would be exceedingly objectionable. In saying this, I am speaking from experience, and I must add that the miners have a very strong objection, either to ascend or descend by the upcast shaft when the furnace is lighted below, unless it be in case of some emergency, such as when an accident has taken place in connection with the downcast shaft. Seeing that the Amendment has now been on the Paper for a considerable time, I hope the right hon. Gentleman the Home Secretary will not offer any excuse for passing it over, but that he will be prepared to accept it.
What I say with regard to this Amendment is, that it is totally unnecessary to forbid the use of the upcast shaft. As I have already stated, Rule 23 gives every workman the right to use the downcast shaft, and I cannot see why the men should be forbidden to use the upcast shaft. If a miner is willing to descend or ascend by the upcast shaft, why should he not do so? At any rate, the rule gives him the option. I cannot understand the necessity for all these minute regulations in an Act of Parliament, where a general right is conferred.
It is all very well to say in this House that the men may assert their right; but will they always do so? We know that in a coal mine, as elsewhere, there are men of different nervous constitutions, and there are some of them who do not care to assert their rights against the danger of their not being needed for further service in a mine. There are hundreds and thousands of cases in which, as the right hon. Gentleman the Home Secretary must know from his acquaintance with Staffordshire—if his knowledge of the coal district there extends below the surface of the ground—the men dare not assert their rights. Therefore, I say it is all very well to say that the Bill gives the miner the right to claim to ascend or descend by the downcast shaft; but the miners know that it would often- 783 times be a very unwise thing for them to assert many of the rights which this Bill is supposed to confer. What I propose by this Amendment is that the miners shall as a rule and as a right ascend and descend by the downcast shaft, in order that they may not be compelled to submit to the inconvenience and danger of ascending or descending by the upcast shaft. What I desire is to secure to the men all the reasonable right that can be secured by this Bill; and therefore an absolute provision of this kind is necessary, because the mere option conferred upon them by the Bill as it stands does not give them that security.
I desire to say a word in corroboration of the argument of my hon. Friend. Rule 23 merely gives the men the right to use the downcast shaft "on giving reasonable notice." The words are— Where there is a downcast and a furnace shaft at the same time, and both shafts are provided with apparatus in use for raising and lowering persons, every person employed in the mine shall, on, giving reasonable notice, have the option of using the downcast shaft. It is obvious that any person giving reasonable notice must go to the manager or agent for that purpose, and it appears to me that, under these circumstances, the men would be almost, if not entirely, in the hands of their employers with regard to the operation of this rule.
I think that if the hon. Member who has just spoken had anything to do with collieries, he would soon find that the men will not be dictated to on these matters. They will go down and come up the way they think the proper and correct way. The rule as it stands will give them every opportunity of going one way or the other, and that I think they ought to have; but I cannot see why they should not have the option which is here provided for. I would certainly urge that if the Amendment is to be adopted, it ought to be made prospective only.
There are many things in collieries that cannot be regulated by Act of Parliament. They must be left to the men themselves, and also to their employers; and I am sure that no employer would ever insist on his men using the upcast shaft if it was not 784 necessary. I think that if anything can be done with this Amendment, it should be done on the Report. Then, perhaps, hon. Members would know more about it. I do not think that hon. Members who are not colliery proprietors now understand the meaning of the Amendment. And I am fully convinced that the hon. Member for East Donegal (Mr. Arthur O'Connor), at all events, does not understand the wording of the Amendment as regards colliery proprietors.
This Amendment represents the unanimous desire of the colliers of the United Kingdom, expressed at one of their conferences. It is sent here by them, and it is their unanimous wish that it should be adopted.
I submit that the Amendment has not been read yet. The Amendment is that miners should not be permitted to ascend and descend the upcast shaft when the furnace is used.
The hon. Member is quite unaware what the Amendment is. The Amendment before the Committee is this. It is proposed to add to Rule 22 these words— Provided, that where inflammable gas has been found in a mine no miner or workman, shall ascend or descend the upcast shaft unless the downcast shaft, by reason of accident or otherwise, shall not he available.
§ MR. MASON (Lanark, Mid)
I intend to support the Amendment, and I do so from the experience I have had. I think it very right and proper that the upcast shaft should not be used either for lowering men down or for their ascent. I do not think the other Amendment which, follows would apply, not only for the reasons that have already been given, but because it is necessary that the upcast shaft should be kept clear. It may be said that it should only be used for ventilating purposes. However, I do not go so far as that. It may be used to bring up mineral; but it should not be used to lower or bring up men. I trust, therefore, that the Committee will agree to the Amendment of the hon. Member for East Donegal (Mr. Arthur O'Connor.)
I would suggest to the hon. Member (Mr. Arthur O'Connor) that he should withdraw the Amendment; and then I will move the Amend- 785 ment which stands on page 31 of the Amendments in the name of the Member for East Glamorganshire (Mr. A. Thomas), as an addition to Rule 23.
My great desire is to make this Bill, in the interest of the miners, as good as possible. I may not be conversant with the details of collieries; but I have endeavoured, to the best of my power, to master the subject, and if there are any shortcomings on my part I am very sorry for it. In deference to the opinion of the hon. Member who has just sat down, and of the hon. Member for the Rhondda Division of Glamorganshire (Mr. W. Abraham), who agrees with him, I shall have no difficulty in asking leave to withdraw my Amendment, on the understanding that it will then be competent to move, as an addition to the clause, the Amendment which stands on page 31, in the name of the Member for Glamorganshire (Mr. A. Thomas).
§ Amendment proposed, In page 32, line 42, at the end of Rule 23, to insert the words—"Provided that miners shall not be permitted to descend or ascend the upcast shaft when a furnace is used, unless when, through accident, the downcast shaft is not available."—(Mr. Fenwick.)
§ MR. MASON
I beg to move that the words "when a furnace is used" be omitted.
§ Amendment proposed to the proposed Amendment, to leave out the words, "when a furnace is used."—(Mr. Mason.)
§ Question proposed, "That the words proposed to be left out stand part of the proposed Amendment."
§ MR. JOICEY (Chester-le-Street, Durham)
I quite admit that an upcast shaft should not be used for the ascent or descent of minors when a furnace is used. I know of no mine where miners use the upcast shaft, except some old mines where it is inconvenient to use the downcast shaft to put men down. However, that inconvenience is not great, as it merely involves a new engine being put down. I hope, however, that the Committee will not accept the Amendment as to the furuace.
I have no objection to the 786 Amendment of it be made prospective, but it would be difficult to adjust it to existing collieries.
§ Amendment and proposed Amendment, by leave, withdrawn.
§ Question again proposed, That the words, 'Provided, that miners shall not be permitted to descend or ascend the upcast shaft when a furnace is used, unless when through accident the downcast shaft is not available,' be there inserted.
I do not think there can be any wish on the part of any miners to throw the system of working collieries into confusion. If it is desired that arrangements should in future be made, whereby it can be possible for workmen to come up the downcast shaft, let that be provided for in the future. But, as to existing collieries, let men have the option of coming up or going down by the upcast or the downcast shaft If they do not object to coming up or going down the upcast shaft, why interfere?
It is not a question of men not objecting. It is well known to those who are conversant with what happens under ground, that when men object they lose their places. ["No, no!"] Yes; I am speaking of what I know. In Stirlingshire you will find that there is a victimization of that sort. We do not have the same difficulties as to upcast and downcast shafts in Cornwall, but there is the same difficulty as to the pressure brought to bear on men by their employers; and I know, from the miners in Scotland, that men do require an emphatic protection of this kind to prevent their losing their places, if they refuse to go up the upcast shaft at the bidding of their employers.
There are two objections to this Amendment. I think it is objectionable to treat men as babies. The colliers of this country area superior class of men, and they would not submit, in the way some hon. Members suppose, to anything like imposition. I think, therefore, that a clause giving the men the option of using or refusing to use the upcast shaft would be quite sufficient. But then there is another point. If the rule is made rigid, and you say that no men shall be brought up or go down the upcast shaft, many thousands of men would be thrown out of work. That, I am sure, the Committee do not desire.
§ Question put,
§ Amendment proposed, in page 32, Rule 24, line 43, after the word "mine," to insert the words "not provided with a travelling outlet or drift."—(Mr. Tomlinson.)
§ Question proposed, "That those words he there inserted."
The hon. Member can hardly expect us to assent to this Amendment without an explanation of its drift.
Rule 24 provides that— In any mine which is usually ėntered by means of machinery, a competent male person, not less than 18 years of age, shall be appointed for the purpose of working the machinery which is employed in lowering or raising persons therein, and shall attend for that purpose during the whole time that any person is below ground in the mine. Now, there are certain mines which have one shaft and a drift, and it is customary for men to descend by the shaft and come out by the drift. In that case, the proposed rule will not be necessary.
In that case the rule will not apply. If there be a drift by which men can walk up and down, there need be no machinery to lower them or to draw them up.
then proposed in page 32, line 44, to leave out "a competent male person," and to insert "two competent male persons of." The hon. Member said: This Amendment is also one to which the workmen attach great importance. It is intended to secure that those who have charge of machinery should not be unqualified boys of no experience, or of an experience merely nominal. It is only right that a man who is put in charge of an engine should have some experience of boilers beforehand, and if you have a person in charge of an engine of only 18 years of age, the chances are that he is not qualified, as he may reasonably be expected to be qualified, to take charge of the working of machinery which it is important should be entrusted to competent hands. To leave 788 machinery on which lives depend in the charge of a person only 18 years of age is not to take reasonable security against accident. And if you have not only people of 18, but only one of them at a time in charge of an engine, you may run considerable risk. I therefore propose that instead of one male person of 18 years of age being in charge of an engine there shall be at least two persons whose competence is established, and who shall be of an age to have a competent acquaintance with machinery. I beg leave, therefore, now to move the Amendment which I have already submitted to the Committee with a view to moving later on a further Amendment as to the age of the persons in charge of machinery.
§ Amendment proposed, in page 32, line 44, to leave out the words "a competent male person," and insert the words, "two competent male persons."—(Mr. Arthur O'Connor.)
§ Question proposed, "That the words 'a competent male person' stand part of the Clause."
§ MR. T. P. O'CONNOR (Liverpool, Scotland)
I cannot think the Secretary of State will allow an Amendment of this importance to pass by without a word of comment. This Amendment is recommended to us by the workmen who have discussed the question. I would call the attention of the Secretary of State to the fact that one of the worst accidents we have recently had was caused by the absence of the precautions which it is the object of this Amendment to provide. Ten persons were coming up a shaft, and only one person was in charge of the engine. That person was struck on the head and was thus rendered unable to attend to the engine, and the consequence was that all the men who were coming up the shaft were either injured or killed. When we have regard to such a calamity as this, which spread sorrow and horror through the country, I put it to the Committee whether we should not take steps to prevent the recurrence of such a calamity. The hon. Members who represent the colliers are strongly in favour of it, and would have risen to say so, if they had not expected from the Home Secretary some observations in opposition to, or in support of the Amendment.
I hope that the home Secretary will accept the Amendment, for when we have large bodies of men going down deep mines and have such powerful engines as those which are in use at the present day, it is absolutely necessary in order to prevent any accident that these engines should be in charge of more than one person.
§ MR. BROOKE ROBINSON (Dudley)
This is an instance of what I have before mentioned, of the extreme difficulty of drawing hard-and-fast lines. The hon. Member refers to large mines and powerful engines; but does he seriously propose that with a little bit of a colliery, with not a dozen men in the mine, it shall be incumbent to have two men in the engine-house?
One word in support of the Amendment. This Amendment of the hon. Member for East Donegal (Mr. Arthur O'Connor) has the support of the leading journals connected with labour, in the country, and I have in my hand an extract from one of these journals, referring to this important Amendment. Now, that is one, and I think not an unimportant piece of evidence in support of this Amendment; but another is this. I do not think the hon. Member who moved the Amendment brought forward in its favour one argument which I believe to be most important and cogent. That is that if you have only one man in charge of machinery, an accident may happen to that one man, and then the most serious or even fatal consequences may ensue. I am now speaking of a matter that I know about. There was a case some little time ago where one man had charge of a winding-up engine and he fell down in a fit. There was no one to attend to him, or to the engine, and the consequence was that the engine was over-wound, and that a serious accident occurred. When the lives of men are at stake from accidents, the possible or probable occurrence of which no one can foresee, it is imperative that provision should as far as possible be made against such accidents.
§ MR. LLEWELLYN (Somerset, N.)
There is a great deal in what the hon. Member for East Donegal (Mr. Arthur O'Connor) proposes. In a small mine, however, it appears to me to be unnecessary to have two men in the engine 790 room, but where you have large engines of many horse power it is probably necessary to have more than one to attend them. As to the second Amendment, it appears to me that it would be better if it provided for one man of experience and another one learning the work instead of "two competent male persons." I think, however, there is something in what the hon. Member proposes, and if he would alter his Amendment so as to make it read that engines of a certain power should have two persons to attend to them, and smaller engines only one person, I should agree to it.
I must express my surprise at what has been said on this matter. One engine is quite enough for a large mine, and one man is quite competent to attend to it. It is absolutely unnecessary to have two.
Suppose there is an accident in a mine and that one man is hurt.
Well, if such a thing should happen, the second man would not be able to take his place. The thing would be over in an instant. An accident would happen before the second man could prevent it.
I have had 40 years' experience of coal mines, and from that experience I can say that if you want to prevent accidents of any kind in connection with machinery, take the precaution of only employing your men for a short time. I never allow my engine-men to work for more than eight hours. I have 1,500 men constantly employed, and I never recollect having had an accident in the engine house. Two men cannot possibly work an engine—two men could not be in reach of the machines at the same time.
Undoubtedly an engine-man handling an engine at one of our mines requires to have his attention constantly fixed upon his work. If there were two men in an engine house, depend upon it the attention of neither of them would be constantly fixed upon his work—the presence of a companion would have a tendency to distract the attention of the man really in charge of the engine from his work. If you have two men in an engine house, instead of decreasing the risk of accident you will be largely in- 791 creasing it. At present there are at our I collieries very strict rules preventing any man but the engine-man going into the engine room. The one man sees the cages come up and go down, he fixes his attention, closely upon the engine and the cage, he is alive to his great responsibility, and everything that would tend in any way to draw his attention from these matters will increase the risk of serious accident.
It is not intended by this Amendment that there should be two men minding the engine. As I understand it, the intention of the hon. Gentleman the Mover of the Amendment is to provide that there shall be two men in the engine house, so that if an accident happens, and the engine-man is disabled, there shall be a second person present who will be afforded an opportunity of taking the handles and managing the cage. In the event of an accident happening to the ordinary brakesman you will have a second one at hand. What is done in the North of England is this: during the time the colliers are ascending or descending the shaft, the man who manages the boiler attends in the engine house in addition to the brakesman. He is not supposed to take any part in the winding or in the management of the engine while everything is going on right. The brakesman is there, and has complete charge of the engine, but the boiler man or stoker is there as a substitute in case an accident occurs. I think the suggestion of the hon. Member for East Donegal is well worthy of consideration, and that it is necessary to have two competent engine drivers in every engine room. In some places where there are not a large number of men employed, and there is not a large amount of work to do, one man might be sufficient, and in other cases I would not say that both need be over 21 or 22 years of age, but I do say that in a large mine whilst the men are ascending and descending there should be a second person present capable of taking the management of the engine for a few moments in the event of any accident occurring to the brakesman. If anything unusual happens to the recognized brakesman a second person should have an opportunity if possible of taking hold of the handles and stopping the engine. It is with that view that I understand 792 the Amendment is proposed, and I have no doubt the hon. Member who has brought it forward is quite prepared to accept some modification of it provided the general principle is secured.
It appears to me that the object of this rule is misunderstood. It is not a rule intended to prescribe how the men shall work, but to provide that there shall be someone in the engine room, capable of rendering service—that the men shall not be left at the bottom of the pit without having someone at hand to draw up the cage. The rule does not propose to tie down managers to hard-and-fast lines. Something must be left to the discretion of managers. I must protest against the whole tenor of the observations of some of the hon. Members opposite. They seem to think that it is the only object and desire of the owners of coal mines to wreck their collieries, and to bring ruin and disaster upon themselves and those they employ.
I must say that it is with a feeling closely akin to despair that we in this quarter of the House find that whatever Amendment we bring forward is opposed by the same set of men, and that the Government does not attempt to contribute anything towards the discussion, and is content to vote without weighing our statements—at any rate, without laying before us their appreciation of the arguments which have been used on one side and the other. Let me say that, in moving this Amendment, my only desire is to take precautions to secure the safety of the lives of the men ascending and descending the shafts of our coal mines, so far as such security can be reasonably effected. I am perfectly prepared to accept Amendments or suggestions brought forward by hon. Gentlemen sitting on the Benches opposite. I doubt very much whether many hon. Members of this House really apprehend the manifold duties which these men in charge of the machinery have to discharge. I will ask indulgence while, in a few words, I state one or two facts concerning these duties. There are special rules laid down defining the work of the engine-man; and these are amongst the things which he has to do in a good pit. The engine-man at the pit head during the hours of his shift 793 has to remain continually in charge of, or near his engine, so as to have it constantly under control; he must take care that his engine is in good condition; he I must take care that the pumps and all parts of the machinery are in perfect order; he must see that every fly-wheel and every dangerous part of the engine is protected; he has to superintend, the work of the furnace-man, in order to see that steam is properly kept up; he has to be perfeetly acquainted, with and attend to the signals for the raising or lowering of men or materials; he has to give an eye to the cages, and to see that they are in proper condition; he is prohibited from allowing any person to have anything to do with the engine in any way whilst it is being worked; and there is half-a-page of the rules devoted to his duties in connection with signalling. This will give some notion of the very great responsibilities thrown upon the man in charge of the engine. Well, all I ask is that this man shall not be loft absolutely alone, especially in cases where there are a very large number of persons employed in the pit. I think the suggestion of the hon. Gentleman opposite is a very reasonable one. There is no reason why a boy or an apprentice between the ages of 18 and. 20 should not be employed with the regular brakesman. I should be willing to accept au Amendment in the sense of the observations of the hon. Member; but I must submit that I move this Amendment in the interests of the safety of the colliers, and that I attach great importance to the proposal.
I think it must be within the experience of every practical man that a divided responsibility is about as bad a thing as you could possibly have. The hon. Gentleman says that all the opposition to the proposals which are made from that quarter of the House—especially, I presume, those which he makes himself—comes from a certain number of Members in this House.
Not on this side.
I did not say that the hon. Member declared that the opposition came from a certain section on this side. The proposals of the hon. Member who has moved this Amendment are philosophical and theoretical, rather than practical; and I think those who know anything about mines will agree 794 with me that very little importance is to be attached to any of the Amendments which have proceeded from him. I must say that I think it would be a very undesirable thing that a boy of 18 should be appointed to divide responsibility with an experienced engine-man, who is charged with the very delicate and difficult operation of lowering men down and winding men up the shafts of a coal mine. What we want is to prevent the attention of the engine-men being called off from the special duties they have to perform; and we think it is of the utmost importance that no one should be in the engine room to divert his attention from his work. If you give the engine-man a boy of 18 to be alongside of him, and to be perpetually about the engine room, it might be a very undesirable thing. The various duties that the hon. Member (Mr. Arthur O'Connor) has quoted from the special rules are duties that necessarily devolve on the engine-man, and cannot be deputed. Those duties confided to a boy of 18 years of age would, in my opinion, cause very great danger, and lead to more accidents than presently are likely to occur from the very exceptional case of some accident occurring precisely at the time he is winding up.
I am sorry to hear these words from the lips of the hon. Baronet. As to divided responsibility, we advocate nothing of the kind. The second man is not asked to be there only during the time that the men are ascending or descending the shaft; and I must say again that in this case we are only asking the few employers to adopt that which a number of the best employers do already. At large collieries the hon. Baronet must be aware that there are 18 men ascending and descending the shaft at a time. Then, considering that you have 18 lives to be risked to the hands of one man, who may be struck down accidentally, as in the case already cited, I think we are not asking too much. The largest collieries in my district are adopting this provision also; and I do not think, when you consider the number of lives that these men have in their care, that we are asking anything but what is reasonable. We do not ask for boys of 18. The Amendment of my hon. Friend the Member for East Donegal is that competent male 795 persons should be appointed. As far as the age of 18 goes, he proposes, by his next Amendment, that 18 should be left out, in order to insert 22. Therefore the argument as to boys of 18 does not affect this matter at all. I hope the right hon. Gentleman the Secretary of State will see his way clear to work out the Amendment.
I hope the Committee will allow me to recall their recollection to certain passages in the Report of the Royal Commission upon Accidents in Mines, in dealing with this subject. No one can doubt that this Report does point out dangers, and is fully alive to the risk of the miner's occupation; but when they come to deal with the question of the risk of movement through shafts, their language is of a totally different character. They use these words— There is, perhaps, in the whole range of engineering nothing more remarkable than the small number of accidents which attend the lowering and raising of some 420,000 persons every day through shafts. And then in the next sentence they say that in one colliery in Wales nearly 6,000,000 persons have gone down and been brought up in the course of 20 years without one single accident. With that result of a careful inquiry of a Royal Commission before us, we must, I think, while fully sympathizing with the desire of those who labour in these collieries, to deal with the risk and danger, at least admit——
Had not they two men at that colliery?
I will come to that in a moment. When, I say, we find that is the result of careful inquiry by a Royal Commission, we must feel that, as regards the risk of raising and lowering through shafts, the way in which the process is conducted is consistent with safety. The hon. Gentleman the Member for East Donegal, who interrupted me just now, says that in a particular case to which I alluded in quoting from the Report of the Royal Commission, there were two men employed. But the argument is still the same. Those who conduct these mines use efficient arrangements, and the business is conducted so far in a perfectly safe manner; and that really brings about the point I was about to mention—namely, that the colliery managers may 796 be left to conduct their business in this particular, according to the rules suggested by their experience. And I must be allowed once more to say, as I have said before, that there is a desire on the part of the owners of these collieries to conduct their business in such a manner as to make safe the lives of their workmen.
If the point of hon. Gentlemen be that the appointment of two enginemen to every colliery would add to the safety of human life, I should certainly respond to it, but that I feel certain there is nothing of the kind required. The figures read out by my hon. Friend the Member for Wigan (Mr. F. S. Powell) prove how seldom accidents occur in mines in this way. Overhauling is now completely guarded against by a very plain and simple mechanical apparatus, which I have seen over and over again tried. If, therefore, in the case of the accident to which allusion has been made there had been a dozen enginemen in the room, I do not believe there would have been the least chance of their preventing the accident. I believe, with my hon. Friend behind me, that although you had two persons—a boy and an older person—in the engine room, the younger person would have to do all the work possible, while the other would look on, because it is human nature, when a boy is employed, to make him do the work. Thus the young man would have to do the work, while the comparatively older man would be looking on. The hon. Gentleman the Member for the Rhondda Division of Glamorgan (Mr. W. Abraham) said the two men were only wanted during the time the colliers were being raised and lowered; but that really meant that they would have to be engaged during the whole time persons were below, and that was the time when the inspection began in the morning until the time the men left the pit at night. If two enginemen were required where 500 men went down, they would be required for collieries where 100, 70, and 50 men went down; indeed, the Amendment would embrace collieries of all descriptions, in order to avoid a comparatively imaginary danger. All I will say is this. We are accustomed to risk our lives; 18 or 20 people together in various public conveyances, where 797 there is only one man in charge; and I should not have the slightest hesitation in going into any colliery cage in the County of Durham, and being lowered with one man in the engine room, and in the same circumstances being brought back to the bank. I would far rather there was one man to look after this work than two.
I think, Mr. Courtney, the Government might assist in bringing this debate to a close if they would got up and state the course they intend to take in regard to this Amendment. I should like to say that there is a very great deal to be said in favour of the suggestion of my hon. Friend the Member for East Donegal, and especially as it is proposed to be amended by the hon. Gentleman the Member for North. Somerset (Mr. Llewellyn). With regard to the distraction of attention mentioned by the hon. Gentleman behind me, exactly the same argument might be applied to the case of the stoker and driver of a railway locomotive. I am sure there is no hon. Gentleman in this House would care to ride in a railway train at the rate of 50 miles an hour, unless he knew there was the stoker to take the place of the driver in case of accident or sudden illness.
With reference to the illustration of the hon. Gentleman the Member for West Nottingham (Mr. Broadhurst), the stoker does not discharge the duties of an engine driver on a railway locomotive.
§ MR. BROADHURST
In the case of accident.
But the Amendment says there shall be two competent men in the engine room, whose sole business would be to attend to the engine. At any rate, that is the Amendment as I gather it from the Paper. And I assure the Committee that it was only because I have been speaking too often this evening, and not out of disrespect for the Amendment, or the subject, with which it deals, that I have not risen sooner. It seems to me however, that the subject has been more than sufficiently discussed by hon. Gentleman of all shades of opinion. I shall vote against the Amendment if it is pressed. It seems to me the condition 798 it imposes is not necessary in every mine in the country. We have engines in. steamships and locomotives on railways driven by one man for a number of hours together. Perhaps in some cases it might be safer to have two men; but in certain particular cases there was no doubt extra precautions would be taken. Why, you might have a spare footman and a spare coachman on the back of your coach if you were to carry this out to its logical conclusion.
§ MR. LABOUCHERE (Northampton)
I have listened with some curiosity to see whether some colliery proprietor would not propose that the engine should work itself, and that there should be no engine man at all. The hon. Gentleman the Member for Wigan (Mr. F. S. Powell) said we ought to leave all these matters of precaution to colliery proprietors and colliery managers.
No, I did not say that.
§ MR. LABOUCHERE
Yes; I certainly understood him to say so. What is the object of this Bill? It is precisely that we are not prepared to so leave matters. This is a practical question. It is a question which concerns the lives and the safety of the men who work under ground. To whom ought we to go to learn what is at fault? Why, to the men themselves—men in this House who have been engaged in these mines, and who represent miners—there are four of them who have spoken—and they are all of opinion that it is necessary for the safety of the men that there should be two men in the engine room in the circumstances under consideration. That being so, it seems to me a monstrous thing that the Government should not assent to their request.
I would suggest that there should be some restriction to the proposal of my hon. Friend the Member for East Donegal, who moved this Amendment; say, that mines employing less than 100 men should be exempt from this proposal. Might I suggest that the Amendment be put in this way—"that in any mine employing more than 100 men under ground, two competent male persons &c."
§ MR. T. P. O'CONNOR
I should be glad to know whether the right hon. Gentleman the Home Secretary would be willing to accept the Amendment as 799 suggested it should be amended. I am surprised the right hon. Gentleman got up and deprecated the Amendment as originally proposed by my hon. Friend the Member for East Donegal because there was a proposal for its modification by the hon. Gentleman the Member for North Somerset (Mr. Llewellyn), which my hon. Friend at once expressed his readiness to accede to, limiting its operation to large collieries. The arguments of the right hon. Gentleman the Home Secretary were directed against the Amendment as proposed. I submit they were entirely irrelevant I do not know whether the present moment would not be the time to propose the limitation proposed by my hon. Friend the Member for Wednesbury (Mr. P. Stanhope). If the form in which you put the Question, Mr. Courtney, be that the words "a competent male person" stand part of the clause, then I would suggest that my hon. Friend the Member for East Donegal should allow these words to pass without a Division, and that then he should propose his Amendment in the limited form which has just been suggested by my hon. Friend the Member for Wednesbury.
I hope the hon. Member will accept the Amendment to the Amendment, and it is desirable we should now go to a Division, for I think enough time has been devoted to this discussion; indeed, I think time altogether disproportionate to its relative importance.
I am of the same opinion——
I hope that the Committee will now agree——
Order, order! The hon. Member for East Donegal is in possession.
I agree with the hon. Member for Morpeth that a disproportionate amount of time has been devoted to the Amendment; but I must protest that it is not my fault. In order to shorten discussion I am perfectly prepared to adopt the Amendment of the hon. Member for Wednesbury.
In that case, it will be necessary to withdraw this Amendment.
I understood that the hon. Member would move an Amendment to mine.
No; it is impossible to do that. It is a former part of the clause.
§ Amendment proposed, in page 32, line 43, after the word "mine," to insert the words "employing not less than one hundred men."—(Mr. Philip Stanhope.)
§ Question put, "That those words be there inserted."
§ The Committee divided:—Ayes 63: Noes 133: Majority 70.—(Div. List, No. 388.) [1.35 A.M.]
I beg now to move that you do report Progress. We have been now for something like eight and a-half hours at work on this Bill, and no one can say we have not done a considerable amount of work. We have got through eight pages of Amendments, and as many more remain to be discussed. It is obvious to the meanest comprehension that it is out of the question to attempt to finish the Committee stage to-night, and I do not think any good purpose will be served by keeping us hers to a later hour. Some of us were at work until half-past 3 o'clock yesterday morning, and we have to be here again at noon to-day. I doubt, Mr. Courtney, if even your energy will be able to keep up with these constant demands upon it. I will venture to put it to the right hon. Gentleman the Leader of the House (Mr. W. H. Smith), whether it is possible, after we have been sitting close to our work to the extent I have mentioned, that we can be able to deliberate with any reasonable prospect of doing good work? We have to deal with a point that requires calm consideration, and I am sure we cannot, with our jaded energies, deal with it as it deserves.
§ Motion made, and Question proposed, "That the Chairman do report Progress, and ask leave to sit again."—(Mr. Conybeare.)
If it is the wish of the mining Representatives, who naturally take the greatest interest in this Bill, 801 that we should now break off the Committee I will consent to do so; but with them must rest the responsibility of taking that step. The hon. Gentleman says we have made considerable progress. Well, Sir, we did make considerable progress during one portion of the evening; but I have the words of the hon. Member for Morpeth (Mr. Burt) in my oars when he said a very disproportionate amount of time was spent on the last Amendment, and I cannot help remarking, from my own observation, that speech after speech was made with the object of delaying the progress of this Bill. [Cries of "Oh, oh!"] I say this openly, and it is better to say it openly than to suggest it. [Cries of "Oh, oh!"] I make no such charge against the Representatives of mining constituencies; they have done their very best to forward the Bill, and I hope they will continue to do so. But I must remind those who take an interest in the measure that time is a very serious element indeed in this matter, and that it will not be possible to pass the Bill unless these discussions are shortened, unless those who take what I may call an academic interest in this subject will put some restraint upon their desire to speak upon it. I consent to report Progress if hon. Members representing mining interests desire that we should do so.
I do not think there has been anything in the nature of obstruction in regard to this Bill. There has been irrelevant talking, no doubt, as there always will be in connection with every subject. But I think there never has, within my own experience, been a Bill before the House discussed in a more direct and businesslike way. Therefore, I think the remarks of the right hon. Gentlemen are to some extent uncalled for. I am exceedingly anxious myself that the Bill should pass this Session, and I fear that unless we dispose of this stage at the Silting to-day (Wednesday) it is in very considerable danger. I feel, therefore, that it is very desirable we should get on a little further, and I would appeal to the hon. Gentleman to withdraw his Motion in order that we may do so. At the same time, I am quite prepared to accept my share of the responsibility. Although I am anxious that the Bill should pass, it would be a still greater 802 evil than dropping the Bill to have it passed in an imperfect shape without due discussion. All things considered, I think the Government are pressing us too hard in this matter. However, I will ask the hon. Member to withdraw his Motion now, and allow us to make a little more progress, to insure the passage of the Bill through Committee at our next Sitting.
I, also, representing a very large mining constituency, would like to join with my hon. Friend the Member for Morpeth in appealing to the hon. Member for the Camborne Division of Cornwall to withdraw his Motion to report Progress. But I exceedingly regret the tone and language that the right hon. Gentleman the First Lord of the Treasury has made use of. It must be remembered that every line of this Bill affects the safety of thousands and hundreds of thousands of people, and we who represent mining constituencies would be grossly neglecting our duty if we did not discuss it. I may also remind the right hon. Gentleman that one of his most devoted supporters sitting behind him has moved more Amendments to the Bill than any other two Members in the House.
I have been appealed to to withdraw my Motion, and I may be allowed a word or two upon it. The right hon. Gentleman has been taunting us with not being mining Representatives, and taking only an academic interest in the subject; but I beg to assure the right hon. Gentleman that I know quite as much about the subject as himself or his Colleagues on that Bench. Moreover, I represent the Mining Division of Cornwall; no other division of the county goes by the name of the Mining Division; and at least I know as much of the wants, wishes, and necessities of miners as the right hon. Gentleman. In moving to report Progress, I did so directly in the interest of the miners of this country. At the request of my hon. Friends I withdraw my Motion, but on one condition. We are about to commence the discussion of an Amendment promoted by the hon. Member for West Nottingham (Mr. Broadhurst), which involves the question of the hours of labour, the eight hours' shift, and that, as probably the right hon. Gentleman knows, 803 will involve a good deal of discussion. I am willing to withdraw my Motion if the Government will consent to report Progress at half-past 2. If that is not done, I will renew my Motion at that time. We are discussing a Bill of the utmost importance; it requires our close attention; but we must have a little rest, and there is but a short interval for that, seeing the hour at which we were released yesterday morning, and the time we meet again to-day.
§ Motion, by leave, withdrawn.
The next Amendment in my name is to line 44 of the Rule, to raise the age from 18 to 22.
I am glad to find that something is agreed to.
§ Amendment proposed, in page 32, line 44, to leave out the word "eighteen," and insert the words "twenty-two."—(Mr. Arthur O'Connor.)
§ Question, "That those words be there substituted," put, and agreed to.
I am extremely sorry to have to move this very important Amendment standing in my name at so late an hour, when it is impossible to make my case so clear and strong within the limited time at our disposal.
It may facilitate discussion if I now say that the second Amendment of the hon. Member would be quite out of Order in this place. The first Amendment can be taken now, but the second cannot be moved here.
Then I will confine myself to the first point, which is that the man in charge of the engine shall be required to hold a certificate of competency from the Board of Trade. I would provide that the Board of Trade should appoint Examiners, and make rules for examination of persons wishing to act as engine-men. I also provide that where a man has been in charge of a steam engine for 12 months that shall free him from the necessity of undergoing examination at the hands of the Board. This is a matter well known to the House; previous Home Secretaries have had their attention called to it, and for 12 years I think it has been more or less under the notice of Parliament. Though I regret that I have 804 had few opportunities of drawing attention to the subject since, I remember perfectly well the debate in which the then Home Secretary—now Lord Cross—said that engines and boilers had a language, and that if accidents arose it was because those in charge did not understand that language; hence the disasters that followed. With that assertion I am quite in accord, and upon it I am quite content to rest my case. Now, the proposal I make is taken from the Mines Act of 1883 for the Colony of Victoria. Our Colonies have provided this safeguard against accidents and loss of life; and this morning I was reading an official statement from an exceedingly high authority—that where the rule that men in charge of engines should hold a certificate was enforced the accidents were enormously fewer than in those mines where no such certificates were required. In 10 years, in collieries where the engines were in charge of uncertificated men, there were 35 accidents and a loss of 55 lives; while in collieries where the men held certificates, but where all other conditions were similar, there were, in the same time, but seven casualties and 19 lives lost. This goes to prove, beyond doubt, that certificates are necessary for the men in charge of steam engines, and that where the rule is enforced there is greater safety for life and property. I have no doubt we shall hear from my hon. Friends behind me instances of what we presume to be the incompetency of engine-men; and frequent disastrous accidents have occurred at mines owing to over-winding, and other accidents incident to the use of steam engines. I sincerely hope that the right hon. Gentleman the Home Secretary, now that he has accepted the Amendment raising the age of the persons in charge, will see his way to take a further step and accept nay proposal. In asking him to do this, let me say that I do not propose that the examination shall be a severe one at all, nothing like the examinations required from men who take charge of sea going engines, or men who enter the Navy. Any man with an elementary knowledge of steam engines and boilers, and able to read and write, could pass the examination I would establish. I would remind him again that I do not propose to interfere with those who have held the position of engine-men for 12 months; 805 I would only enforce the examination upon those who entered the service within that time. I think my proposal is a reasonable one, and I am sure it will add to the confidence of the men in those to whom they have to entrust their lives, and will result in a great saving of property.
§ Amendment proposed, in page 32, line 45, after the word "age," to insert the words "and possessing a certificate of competency from the Board of Trade."—(Mr. Broadhurst.)
§ The Committee divided:—Ayes 75; Noes 117: Majority 42.—(Div. List, No. 389.) [1.50 A.M.]
I beg to move, in page 33, general rule 29, at end, insert— That safety catches be attached to the cages to minimise the risk of shaft accidents, also detaching hooks to prevent over winding, with additional 'keps' on a high level to prevent descent of cage in case of hooks failing to act. The object of this is to secure greater safety for our miners. I trust that the Home Secretary will accept the Amendment. I do not think it necessary to make any speech in recommending it, and I, therefore, will simply move it.
§ THE UNDER SECRETARY OF STATE FOR THE HOME DEPARTMENT (Mr. STUART-WORTLEY) (Sheffield, Hallam)
I do not think the Government can accept this Amendment. The Royal Commission fully considered these points, and so far as we gather their opinion it was that none of these devices or inventions were deserving of so much confidence as to justify legislating upon them. It would, therefore, be unsafe to accept this Amendment.
With regard to the recommendations of the Royal Commission, I think you will find that they drew a distinction between safety cages and safety hooks. The detaching hooks have for a long time been in operation in a great number of mines, and have proved very effective. If the Government will not accept the Amendment—and it is much desired that they should—I hope we shall divide on it at once.
I will withdraw that portion of the Amendment relating to safety catches.
The hon. Member had better withdraw the Amendment altogether, and propose a fresh one.
Very well, Sir; I ask leave to withdraw the Amendment.
§ Amendment proposed, In page 33, line 42, after the word "shaft," to insert the words "detaching hooks shall he attached to the cages to prevent over-winding, with additional 'keps' on a high level to prevent descent of cage in case of hooks failing to act."—(Mr. Pickard.)
On behalf of my hon. Friend the Member for the Bishop Auckland Division of Durham (Mr. Paulton), I beg to move the Amendment which stands in his name. I do not think it requires any discussion. I am sure that the Home Secretary will see the expediency of accepting it. It is a very small matter.
§ Amendment proposed, in page 34, to leave outline 10.—(Mr. Atherley-Jones.)
Do we understand that the Government accept this Amendment?
It is done.
I did not hear it. Why do you not speak out? ["Order, order!"]
The Amendment standing in my name is a small one, it having reference to keeping daily records of the readings of the barometer and thermometer. If the Government intimate that they are willing to accept it, I will say I nothing whatever in defence of it; but I if the mind of the Government, or what is called the mind of the Government, is undecided, I will say a few words in support of it. I think it is self-evident that it would be a most useful thing that a record should be taken of the fluctuations of the mine. I may just say, Mr. Courtney, in order to save myself from the wrath of the First Lord of the Trea- 807 sury—whose form I see disappearing from my gaze—that I propose this Amendment because it has been suggested to me by several Gentlemen intimately acquainted with mining affairs, and, in fact, it is their Amendment, although it stands in my name. They are most anxious that it should be accepted. Now, what I wish to bring before the home Secretary is that these records, if kept, will be very useful as showing the character of the mine. I am told that the character of a mine can be plainly seen from the barometrical changes. At any rate, that is what experts tell me. For example, a mine which is accustomed to great fluctuations is nearly always a dangerous mine. Accordingly, if the readings were to show these constant fluctuations, it would be a warning to the miners, and they would be more on their guard. In fact, I think the importance of the Amendment is self-evident; and I, therefore, do not think it necessary to waste any amount of time in proposing it. I hope the Home Secretary will at once accept it.
§ Amendment proposed, In page 34, general rule 32, line 12, after "mine," insert "and daily records shall be kept of the readings thereof in the locality immediately adjacent."—(Mr. T. P. O'Connor.)
We are all very much obliged to the hon. Member for the Scotland Division of Liverpool for condescending at this late period to join in the discussion, and, with that fine humour and delicate satire which always distinguishes him, to refer to what he calls the mind of the Government. I am sorry to say that what little mind the Government has does not reach the height or the depth of this matter. Sir, the hon. Gentleman in his Amendment says that daily records shall be kept of the readings thereof—that is, of the readings of the barometer and thermometer—kept above ground in the locality immediately adjacent. I confess I do not understand that. Is it the reading in the locality; is it the fluctuation of the locality; is it the records in the locality which is the locality immediately adjacent; is it the barometer adjacent to the mine, or adjacent to the 808 reading? I am sure I do not know Both the grammar and the meaning of this Amendment are so totally unintelligible to me that I feel compelled to reject it.
I think I was justified in expressing a doubt whether the right hon. and dignified Gentleman was in possession of a mind, I because I must say that anybody who has a mind—in which I am not bound to include the right hon. Gentleman—would clearly see the meaning of this proposal. I may say to the right hon. Gentleman, who has chosen thus to personally attack me, that the phraseology is phraseology which has been put in by experts, and by persons who know something of what they are talking about. I am quite prepared to find that the right hon. Gentleman does not understand the meaning of the phraseology; in fact, Mr. Courtney, I should be surprised to find that he ever read a line of the Bill at all; for I observe that whenever a proposal is made he does not get up and say aye or no to it, for the very good reason that if he were to say a word he would at once expose his ignorance of the measure. The right hon. Gentleman need not look to the Chair for protection. I tell him my language is perfectly in Order, and I am speaking of a notorious fact; for whenever we have asked the right hon. Gentleman to express an opinion on any Amendment he has sat glued to his seat, because he did not know what was going on, and did not want to expose the depth of his ignorance. The right hon. Gentleman thought proper to make a personal attack on me. I can only say that I have put one Amendment only on the Paper, because I did not feel justified in taking a large share in a discussion on a Bill which requires the knowledge of experts, and yet I am blamed by the right hon. Gentleman because I confine my observations to one Amendment. That is very extraordinary after the remarks and charges made by the right hon. Gentleman the First Lord of the Treasury. I will now deal with the grammatical or ungrammatical characteristics of the Amendment. It provides "that daily records shall be kept of the readings thereof in the locality immediately adjacent." Now, you must read the matter as a whole, and therefore it is that daily 809 records shall be kept in the locality immediately adjacent to the mine. I think that is clear to all minds except the elegant mind of the right hon. Gentleman the Home Secretary, so, to suit him, I am willing to make the Amendment read thus—"That daily records shall be kept in the locality immediately adjacent to the mine of the reading of the barometer and thermometer."
The hon. Member for the Scotland Division of Liverpool speaks of the barometer as giving an indication of the special condition of each mine. What it really indicates is the condition of the atmosphere—it does not show the state of the mine, nor does the thermometer.
The hon. Gentleman misapprehends my meaning. If you had a record for a considerable period of the readings of the barometer and thermometer it would enable you to gain some idea of the character of a particular mine.
I feel sorry I cannot keep up the liveliness of the debate. I can only say we are not particular as to the phraseology of the Amendment; only give us the substance of it.
I do not see the object of having the readings of the barometer and thermometer posted daily.
The object is simply this. There are a number of miners who do take a deep interest in the state and condition of the mine, and they wish to know what the readings of the barometer and thermometer are day by day, so that they may ascertain it for themselves. If the Government had understood the Bill they were dealing with they would have idealized that that was our object; and if the right hon. Gentleman the Home Secretary would, when asked a question, give an answer instead of forcing a Division, and would, moreover, give reasons for his refusal, I think it would be very much better for all of us.
I really do not think I ought to be subjected to such a reproach by the hon. Member. I have, time after time, answered questions put by him. If he intends the reproach to apply to the Government in a general 810 way, then I would point out that he himself has not answered the statement of the hon. and learned Member (Mr. Tomlinson), that though a knowledge of the barometrical condition of a district might be of importance, yet the separate barometrical condition of a particular mine could not possibly be of such importance as to require a daily record to be kept. There is not such a difference between one record and another as to make it of the slightest moment. It is the general barometrical condition of a district that is important. I want to point out that omission to do a thing ordered by this Act makes a man liable to a penalty, makes him guilty of a criminal offence and liable to be dragged before a magistrate; and to say he shall keep a daily record of the readings of the barometer and thermometer to be at the service of every man really seems to be pushing the case too far. Any workman who takes an interest in the subject can himself keep a record of the readings of the barometer and thermometer in the various mines; and, therefore, I hold that this Amendment is not necessary.
We have already legislated that whether there is gas or no gas there shall be a thermometer and a barometer at every mine. I believe there would be very little trouble in taking daily readings of these, and advantage might arise now and then from having these readings recorded. If the hon. Member will provide that a record shall be kept at the principal office of the mine it would simplify matters, and perhaps prove useful.
I am astonished that hon. Members do not perceive the real object of the Amendment. The clause provides that a barometer and a thermometer shall be placed in a conspicuous place, near the entrance to the mine; but if you have a barometer and thermometer which are never consulted, which are as if they were not, so far as inspection by those in charge of the mine is concerned, of course this clause is of no use. Now, the object of this Amendment is to secure that it shall be the duty of the manager to see not only that the thermometer and barometer are placed above ground at the mouth of the pit, but that, being there, they shall be scruti- 811 nized every day. I know that barometrical pressure is a matter of importance, and I know, also, that too much significance can be attached to it. But it is allowed that if there is a decrease suddenly, then the issue of gas will be far greater than when the pressure is much higher and the gas kept inside the coal. That being so, we want to secure that the observations necessary to be made are made, and the only way to secure that is to keep a record.
I do think it would be just as well to keep a record at every mine. The right hon. Gentleman the Home Secretary is aware—and I hope this will not be considered merely academic—that, at the conclusion of their inquiry, the Commissioners expressed some doubt whether the barometrical pressure had anything to do with exhalations of gas; but then their attention was drawn to some remarkable experiments carried on in Prussia, which they say may lead to very important conclusions as to the escape of gas from decrease of atmospheric pressure. They allude to these experiments, and point out the great value of keeping a daily record of barometrical pressure. As to the thermometer, I am not quite sure of its value.
Just one word. I think the right hon. Gentleman the Home Secretary might accept the Amendment. It is a simple matter, and I do not think any mineowner will object to it. It can easily be done, and it is of some value. It will be valuable in this sense, that miners will have an opportunity of comparing notes on the variations of the barometrical pressure, and the influence that atmospheric change may have had on past dangers, applying that experience to apprehended danger. I think the hon. Gentleman the Home Secretary might, if only to save time, accept the Amendment.
The right hon. Gentleman the Home Secretary himself has already admitted that the barometrical readings of the district would be very valuable. [Cries of "No, no!"] Yes; he has admitted that. But then I ask the right hon. Gentleman to consider that the majority of the miners would have no chance whatever of seeing such readings 812 of the district if they were not recorded at their own mine. Probably the next colliery would be four or five miles away. I trust the right hon. Gentleman will concede this Amendment. I feel inclined to commend the Government for the consideration shown to us; but, since their rejection of the Amendment of the hon. Member for Normanton (Mr. Pickard), I am sorry to say they have shown very little inclination to adopt any suggestion of ours with the object of increasing the safety of miners.
§ MR. WOOD (Durham, Houghton-le-Spring)
I cannot see any objection whatever to the proposal. Indeed, so far as I know, the readings of the barometer are closely watched and recorded at every well-managed colliery.
I can see no objection to the Amendment, and its adoption may prove very useful.
I hope the right hon. Gentleman will accept, if not this particular Amendment, one to the same effect; for I am quite sure it will be very useful for reference with other indications in respect to the liberation of gas if readings of the barometer are noted at particular hours, and the record kept at the pay office or head office of the mine.
To enable the right hon. Gentleman to find an interval for the consideration of this point, which has been so pressed upon his attention, I beg to move that we now report Progress.
I would certainly strongly advise my hon. Friend to withdraw that Motion if the right hon. Gentleman the Home Secretary will signify his willingness to accept an Amendment in the sense of that moved. I do not ask him to accept these particular words.
My only reason for objecting to the general adoption of the rule is to save the little owners from the trouble and expense. By the large proprietors it is done, or could be done without difficulty. But I am thinking of the little collieries employing some eight or 10 men, where the duty of 813 keeping a record of these readings might, with a limited staff, be attended with endless bother and trouble. But, rather than spend more time upon it, I will accept the Amendment, asking the Committee not to make it too stringent, to entail too great a burden generally.
May I suggest that the register should be kept at certain places in the colliery district?
I suppose it will be best to introduce the Amendment on Report. In agreeing to withdraw the Amendment, I would just observe that this is the second time we have forced the right hon. Gentleman the home Secretary to eat his words.
I fail to see any argument against my Motion. We have reached a time when we might fairly knock off work on this Bill.
I will ask the hon. Member to withdraw his Motion for the present, and I will then withdraw the Amendment.
I now make the Motion to report Progress.
In assenting to the Motion, I hope I may make an appeal to hon. Members to really finish the Bill at our Sitting to-day. I am quite sure this can be done if we set to work with an earnest endeavour to make progress.
I can assure the right hon. Gentleman we are just as anxious to make progress as he is; but we are not disposed to rush the Bill without consideration; we would rather not have it at all. I think we have reason to complain that the Government have treated us unfairly in leaving this Bill, which affects 500,000 lives, to be disposed of in a few Sittings at the very end of the Session. We are anxious to make progress; but I say again we are not prepared to rush this Bill through the House.
MR. A. J.WILLIAMS
I quite agree with that. As to the remarks that have fallen from the right hon. Gentleman the First Lord of the Treasury (Mr. W. H. Smith), I would just say that we 814 waited on while other Business was proceeded with from day to day, and from week to week, waiting for this measure with the greatest patience; and in the discussion we have exorcised the greatest forbearance, and shown a desire to treat the Bill in a broad and liberal spirit. I trust this will be recognized, and that the remarks of the right hon. Gentleman will not be repeated.
§ Committee report Progress; to sit again To-morrow.
Back to COAL MINES, &C. REGULATION BILL.— [BILL 130.]
Forward to POST OFFICE SAVINGS BANKS AND GOVERNMENT ANNUITIES BILL.
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Cultural collections
Dolni Vestonice - Archaeological Site
Dr Stan Florek
Venus Figurine and the Origin of Ceramic Technology.
Dolni Vestonice was once a thriving camp inhabited during the Palaeolithic period approximately 30,000 years ago. Today it is a prominent archaeological site located near the modern City of Brno in the Czech Republic.
Dolni Vestonice is famous for the rich deposit of archaeological evidence, providing us with an insight into a culture of Ice-Age people in central Europe. It shows how people constructed their huts of mammoth bones, the technology they used, as well as burial practices and the making of art – some of the earliest examples of symbolic representation.
The site includes the remnants of several huts, one of which has the remains of one of the earliest kilns ever discovered. The kiln, used for baking clay objects, is remarkable for that time. It wasn’t for another 15,000 years that people in faraway Japan would shape clay and turn it into ceramic pots – the first containers made out of clay.
The kiln at Dolni Vestonice had glowing coals that were covered by a dome made of earth. The floor of the hut around the kiln was covered with hundreds of ceramic figurines and their fragments, depicting humans and numerous animals. These are the first examples of ceramic artefacts ever found and they date to between 28,000 and 24,000 years ago.
One of the most striking and almost complete figurines became known as the Venus of Dolni Vestonice. It is 11cm high and depicts a voluptuous nude female figure – it is thought to be a symbol of fertility or possibly an idol or ‘goddess’. This Venus found a prominent place in textbooks and coffee-table books and also in popular imagination – showing how our distant ancestors reflected on themselves through pictorial representation and how they invented the art, as we know it.
Other stylised female figurines have also been found at the site, some more lifelike than others, several carved in animal bone or ivory. Many animal clay figurines are quite naturalistic and depict large Ice Age animals including mammoth, rhinoceros, bear and lion.
Over the years there has been much debate about the purpose and meaning of these figurines. They were made with considerable artistic skill and attention to detail. Yet, most figurines were destroyed. Was it a result of crude firing technology or perhaps intentional outcome? Figurines crafted from clay mixed with powdered bone show evidence of fractures acquired during the firing process. It is possible that baking the wet-clay animals, without letting them dry first, made them explode or fracture in the kiln.
It has been suggested that the figurines had a magical or ritual significance. We see them as pieces of art, but it is possible that, for the people thousands of years ago, it was the actual process of making and firing that was actually more important than the final product.
In the 1970s the Australian Museum acquired a dozen cast replicas of figurines form Dolni Vestonice along with other examples of similar representations from European archaeological sites. Although replicas are only a modest substitute for the real objects, they provide some insight into an extraordinary evidence of culture of early humans.
Researched by Charlotte Kowalski
Indonesian Collection
Ancient Egyptian Collection
Ancient Egyptian Timeline
Cape Mudge Repatriation 1987-1993
Balinese art
Chimu Pottery from Cayalti, Peru
Chimu State
Chimu Pottery and its meaning
Chinese Collection
Chinese scroll painting
Bronze objects
Nestorian Stele
Kwa-guilth Pole: British Columbia, Canada
Zulu shields
Stone Hand Axes from Somalia
Daha Ata Sanniya Masks
Pre-Columbian Figurines from Mexico
Faces of ancient people in clay.
How do we know how they behaved?
An amazing amount of information can be extracted from the artefacts and fossil remains of our ancestors and the fossils of other animals. These can provide information about our ancestors’ lifestyles, technological abilities and even their social interactions.
The Port Jackson Archaeological Project: a study of the prehistory of the Port Jackson catchment, New South Wales. Stage I - site recording and site assessment
Archaeological Studies of the Middle and Late Holocene, Papua New Guinea. Part II. The Boduna Island (FEA) Lapita site
AM Journal Article
Australian Archaeology Resources
Discover Australian Archaeology resources in the Australian Museum Research Library.
This month in Archaeology: Early South Australian Riverland occupation dates to at least 29,000 years ago
Recently published research in Australian Archaeology has vastly extended the known timeline of Aboriginal occupation in the Riverland region of South Australia, Dr Amy Way discusses.
Chronology and Ecology of archaeological sites of Late Pleistocene – Early Holocene in the Zerkalnaya River Valley
Cuddie Springs Archaeological Site, New South Wales
The rare evidence of co-existence of mega fauna and people in Australian prehistory
Archaeological fieldwork on Norfolk Island
The radiocarbon chronology on the Norfolk Island archaeological sites
Ecology of cultural dynamics of archaeological sites in the Zerkalnaya River valley at the Terminal Pleistocene - Early Holocene (the Ustinovka Complex, Russian Far East)
Australian Archaeology
The Australian Museum holds a large number of cultural material and objects obtained from archaeological sites in New South Wales, as well as items from various regions throughout Australia.
Archaeological Collection Deposition
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Sources: Vikings fire coach Zimmer, GM Spielman
The Vikings have fired both coach Mike Zimmer and GM Rick Spielman, signaling a regime change in Minnesota, according to ESPN and several reports.
Zimmer, 65, was hired by Viking owners Zygi and Mark Wilf in 2014 after spending six seasons as defensive coordinator with the Cincinnati Bengals (2008-13). I have had the same position with the Atlanta Falcons in 2007 and the Dallas Cowboys from 2000-06. Zimmer started his NFL coaching career with the Cowboys in 1994 and coaching schools from 1979-1993.
This is the first time in Zimmer’s career that he has been fired.
In eight seasons with the Vikings, Zimmer had a record of 72-56-1 and traveled three trips to the postseason (2015, 2017, 2019) with two playoff wins. Minnesota reached the NFC Championship Game in 2017 with the league’s top-ranked defense.
Zimmer’s firing comes as Minnesota’s defense reached historic depths this season, contributing to the team’s record of 8-9. After setting a record for the most allowed points in the last two minutes of the half in the last 20 seasons with 107 in 2020, the Vikings reached a new low this year with 128 allowed points in the last two minutes of the half, according to ESPN statistics and information .
Spielman, 59, joined the Vikings in 2006 as vice president of player staff and was promoted to general manager in 2012.
The Vikings reached the playoffs six times during Spielman’s time as executive and reached the NFC Championship Game twice – in the 2009 and 2017 seasons.
Spielman led the Vikings’ draft preparations in 2007, when the team selected running back Adrian Peterson No. 7 overall. Peterson was named Offensive Rookie of the Year and later Most Valuable Player in 2012. Spielman also drafted wide receiver Justin Jefferson as No. 22 overall in the 2020 draft. Jefferson set an NFL record for most receiving yards this season over a player’s first two NFL seasons.
However, Spielman will forever be tied to Minnesota’s marquee signing of quarterback Kirk Cousins, who joined the Vikings as a free agent in 2018 after signing a record three-year, fully-guaranteed contract worth $ 84 million. The Vikings only reached the playoffs once since Cousins joined the team.
Overall, the Vikings had 132-123-2 in the regular season and 3-6 in the postseason during Spielman’s time with the team.
Tags: Minnesota Vikings, News, NFL
Promotion hopeful Fulham, Blackburn enter the battle for the excellent championship star Josh Bowler
Bears fans are reacting to the fact that Matt Nagy and Ryan Pace are finally being graciously fired
Aston Villa will challenge the Spanish club for PSG man Sergio Rico as an offer put on the table
The Raiders could move on from Derek Carr after the playoffs
Rating by Kyler Murray’s scramble, Jonathan Taylor’s top speed and other great NFL highlights
Jalen Hurts: The Eagles have ‘revolutionized’ their offensive since the last meeting with the Bucs
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Summary of The Vanishing Half
de Alexander Cooper (Auteur)
Acheter pour 2,49 € Extrait
Fiction Roman Historique Jeunesse Thématiques Situations sociales Préjugés et racisme Non-fiction Collections littéraires Africain Américain Afro-américain
Une ou plusieurs licences de ce titre ont déjà été acquises par votre organisation détails
The Vanishing Half, published in June 2020, is the second novel by author Brit Bennett. It became a New York Times bestseller and was selected as a Good Morning America Book Club Pick. The novel explores the themes of female family bonds and the Black experience in America. Bennett covered similar material in her debut novel, The Mothers (2016), which also became a New York Times bestseller. HBO has purchased the film rights to The Vanishing Half with the intention of creating a limited TV series from the material. Page number citations in this guide refer to the Kindle edition.
The novel is set in several locations during different time periods. The story begins in the small village of Mallard, Louisiana, in 1968 and then skips to New Orleans, New York, Southern California, and back to Mallard between 1978 and the early 1980s. Just as the time and location shift among numerous places and decades, the limited third-person narrative point of view shifts among multiple people. Since the novel is driven by the perceptions and recollections of its characters, the story does not move in a linear fashion.
The plot concerns identical twins Desiree and Stella Vignes, who leave their small Louisiana village at the age of 16 to seek their fortune in New Orleans. Ten years later, their lives have diverged in radically different directions. Desiree has fled an abusive marriage to a Black man and brought her daughter back to Mallard, while Stella is passing for White, is married to a businessman, has a daughter with him, and lives in California.
Much of the novel recounts Desiree’s search for her missing twin and how that search is completed by Desiree’s daughter. In the process, the book explores the themes of how identity is constructed, the role that self-loathing plays in creating an alternate persona, and the social ostracism visited on those who are different from the norm in some way.
Here is a Preview of What You Will Get:
A Full Book Summary
An Analysis
Get a copy of this summary and learn about the book.
Ben Business Group Llc
Self-Development Summaries
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Emily Kimball
Emily Kimball (°1975, Puebo) is an artist who mainly works with sculpture. By putting the viewer on the wrong track, her sculptures references post-colonial theory as well as the avant-garde or the post-modern and the left-wing democratic movement as a form of resistance against the logic of the capitalist market system.
Her sculptures demonstrate how life extends beyond its own subjective limits and often tells a story about the effects of global cultural interaction over the latter half of the twentieth century. It challenges the binaries we continually reconstruct between Self and Other, between our own ‘cannibal’ and ‘civilized’ selves. By investigating language on a meta-level, she tries to create works in which the actual event still has to take place or just has ended: moments evocative of atmosphere and suspense that are not part of a narrative thread. The drama unfolds elsewhere while the build-up of tension is frozen to become the memory of an event that will never take place.
Her works are given improper functions: significations are inversed and form and content merge. Shapes are dissociated from their original meaning, by which the system in which they normally function is exposed. Initially unambiguous meanings are shattered and disseminate endlessly. By demonstrating the omnipresent lingering of a ‘corporate world’, she tries to grasp language. Transformed into art, language becomes an ornament. At that moment, lots of ambiguities and indistinctnesses, which are inherent to the phenomenon, come to the surface.
Her works focus on the inability of communication which is used to visualise reality, the attempt of dialogue, the dissonance between form and content and the dysfunctions of language. In short, the lack of clear references are key elements in the work. Emily Kimball currently lives and works in Santa Fe .
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