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__label__cc	0.509917	0.490083	London Bombing A few thoughts about the attacks in London this morning: After September 11, people in every part of the world observed a moment of silence. After the March 11 attacks in Spain, there was no such response in solidarity in the United States, even though per capita the impact on the country was similar. Although the sheer death toll in London may not be the same order of magnitude, it is the worst attack against people in that country in half a century. There should be some gesture that people around the world can join to indicate their opposition to any sort of indiscriminate attack on civilians, regardless of their politics otherwise. The overwhelming majority of people who oppose the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan also vehemently oppose violent retribution, and there should be a way to make that clear. Moreover, the United States is not the only country that deserves the sympathy of the world after tragedy—the whole world should stand together no matter who is the perpetrator and who is the victim. Do people really believe that the goal of the terrorists is to destroy our freedom? Or that they hate our way of life? (E.g, Tony Blair’s remarks). I’d be interested to know the origin of this theme—at some point, the cold war anti-Soviet rhetoric was somehow adapted to the war on terror. I don’t think there’s any credible evidence that the terrorists want to impose a militant repressive fundamentalist Islamic regime on the United States or the Western World. They don’t care whether American women are forced to cover their faces in public. They don’t really care about “our most deeply held beliefs.” My understanding is that they are concerned almost exclusively with the United States and Western presence in the Islamic world. If anyone has evidence to the contrary (e.g., samples of terrorist propaganda), I’d be interested to see it. Whether there ought to be militant repressive fundamentalist regimes in the Islamic world is a separate question—but if that’s what this is about, let’s at least say it. In the United States, security was immediately increased after the bombings, although apparently only for mass transit systems. Is there really any reason to think an attack is more likely on mass transit in the United States now, a few hours after the London bombings, rather than a week from now, or two months from now, or against a bridge or a mall rather than a subway or a bus? Are the authorities afraid of “copycat” attacks, or attacks planned in coordination with the original attacks? If the former, is it really plausible that the copycats would be able to get their acts together in just a few hours? If the latter, why would the attackers design their attack so that the authorities had notice and time to prepare for them? It seems to be that now is probably the safest time to take a subway in the United States or really anywhere else in the world. I’m sure there is a brief period of time—say a few minutes after an initial attack—when extremely heightened security measures might accomplish something. For example, the time between the two airplanes crashing into the World Trade Center, or the several bombs on the London underground. But after that, doesn’t the chance of another identical attack just go back to complete random chance? Similarly, there are concerns that tourism to England is going to take a huge hit from this event. But why should we expect the next attack to be in England? Given one dot, you can draw a line in any direction you want. First, Spain; then, England; next, — France? Norway? Back to Spain? Las Vegas? It seems to me that we need some kind of analysis—and intelligence—that isn’t founded on an expectation that the next attack will be identical to the last one. Otherwise, we’re just “doing something” because “something is better than nothing,” which isn’t necessarily true.	cc/2023-06/en_head_0047.json.gz/line1
__label__cc	0.711401	0.288599	Emblems by Brand Hood Ornaments by Brand Detroit, Michigan. USA. « Prev \| 1525 / 1597 \| Next » Filed under: Companies Comment(s): 0 In 1914, Wahl Motor Company announced in their advertising the goal of producing 5,000 cars in the hopes of getting dealers to secure their territories for 3 years. They were located at 3093 East Grand Boulevard in Detroit, Michigan, and the company only lasted from 1913 to 1914. Wahl logo. Their 5-passenger Touring car sold for $790, and their 2-passenger Roadster sold for $750. The Wahl cars are sold completely equipped, including the following equipment: Mohair Top, Top Envelope and Special Enclosing Curtains, Windshield, Speedometer. Dash Carburetor Adjustment, Prest-O-Lite Tank, Black Enamel and Nickel Gas Head lights. Oil Side and Tall Lamps, Quick Detachable Rims. Horn, Tire Repair Outfit, Tool Kit, Pump and Jack. July 1913 Motor Age article. Wahl Car Selling for $790 Has V-Shaped Radiator. The Wahl Motor Company of Detroit, is offering to the public a new car in two designs—a two-passenger roadster and a five-passenger touring car. The power plant follows the very general practice of placing the motor, clutch and transmission in a unit. The four cylinders are cast in pairs and have a bore of 3.25 inches. A stroke of 5.5 inches gives the motor an honest claim to belonging to the longstroke class, since the stroke-bore ratio is 1.692. The maker does not quote a horsepower rating because it claims that these ratings have been so often mistated that they have lost their value. Applying the S.A.E. formula, which is being used in a number of states as a basis of taxation, it comes to 16.92 horsepower. Considering the piston displacement of 182.5 cubic inches in the light of recent investigations of long-stroke motors it is safe to assume that this engine will develop about 19 horsepower at 1,000 feet per minute piston travel, and about 24 horsepower at 1,400 revolutions per minute. The three-bearing crankshaft and other moving motor parts are lubricated by a splash system in which the oil level is kept constant by a pump. The clutch is of the multiple-disk type with plates 9 inches in diameter and covered with raybestos. The driver's left foot operates the lever for disengaging the clutch and the service brake pedal is to the right. The gears for the three speeds forward and the reverse are shifted by a cane-handled lever in the center of the car. Next to this lever is a second one for applying the emergency brakes. This center control with the steering gear placed on the right-hand side, gives very easy access to the driver's seat from either side of the car. The throttle lever is placed above the 17-inch steering wheel and is interconnected with an accelerator placed between the other two pedals. A dash lever for controlling the air valve on the model H Holley carbureter completes the control elements, since, for the sake of simplicity of operation, the Bosch high tension magneto is given a fixed timing. Thermo-syphon circulation sends the cooling water through a V-shaped radiator. The radiator, and all the other bright metal parts on the car, are nickel-plated. It will be noted from the illustrations that the 108-inch wheelbase allows for a body of sufficient length to give plenty of legroom in both compartments, and further, that all the doors are full size and do not have the corners cut off in order to clear the fenders. A double drop is made in the frame to allow for easy entrance to the body and to keep the center of gravity low "when the car is loaded. The side rails of the frame are also swept in at the front in order to give a small turning radius. Hyatt bearings are incorporated in a Salisbury semi-floating rear axle. Both the service and emergency brakes act on 12-inch drums. Between the frame and axles are semi-elliptic springs in the front, and elliptic springs in the rear. To the 32-inch wood artillery wheels are fitted 3.5-inch tires on quick-detachable rims. The standard equipment on this car includes a mohair top, top envelope, Prest-olite tank, gas headlights, oil side and tail lamps, a speedometer, and a windshield of special design. Besides these there are the horn, repair kits and other necessities, for the care and operation of the car. 1914 Wahl Cars ad. 1914 Wahl Motor Company ad.	cc/2023-06/en_head_0047.json.gz/line6
__label__wiki	0.596623	0.596623	Marie Shannon Map of My Day silver gelatin print, selenium toned Signed, dated and editioned verso Courtesy of the artist and Trish Clark Gallery Tāmaki Makaurau Auckland Marie Shannon’s photographic practice insinuates the ephemera of the everyday: pipecleaners, dustmice, models and fabric arrangements into wry observational interventions into the space between cultural history and art theory. In 2019 Shannon was the subject of a touring survey exhibition Marie Shannon: Rooms found only in the home which opened at the Dunedin Public Art Gallery and toured to Te Uru Waitakere, with further iterations in Aotearoa and Australia cut short by the pandemic. In these Covid times, Map of My Day (1992) posits as eerily prescient, plotting with thread the boundaries of a circumscribed and predetermined ‘route’ upon a carpet terrain. The choice of this work for When the Dust Settles was the subject of some discourse between the artist and the Artspace Aotearoa team with all agreeing a little humour was called for. But, like much of Shannon’s work such visual pathos facilitates catharsis and a collective recognition of the fragility of human endeavour. National Drawing Award (group), 29 November — 20 December 2008, subsequently toured to The Physics Room, 21 January — 7 February 2009 and Enjoy Public Art Gallery, 21 February — 14 March 2009. The 2008/2009 National Drawing Award was organised and presented in collaboration with The Physics Room, Ōtautahi Christchurch and Enjoy Public Art Gallery, Te Whanganui-a-Tara Wellington Mediatrix: New work by seven women artists (group), 17 August — 17 September 1993, subsequently toured to The Govett-Brewster Art Gallery, Ngāmotu New Plymouth Marie Shannon (solo), Artspace at George Fraser Gallery, 1989 Marie Shannon is an artist based in Tāmaki Makaurau Auckland, who graduated from Auckland University’s Elam School of Fine Arts in 1983. She works in the media of photography, video and drawing, and has been working with text over a number of years. Her work is concerned with the local, the domestic and the autobiographical, and often depicts overlooked or seemingly inconsequential objects and situations. She has exhibited extensively in Aotearoa and internationally over the last 35 years, and her work is held in numerous public and private collections. A survey exhibition of her work, Rooms found only in the home, was developed in 2017 by Dunedin Public Art Gallery, curated by Lucy Hammonds and Lauren Gutsell, and toured to Te Pātaka Toi Adam Art Gallery (2018), Christchurch Art Gallery Te Puna o Waiwhetū (2018) and Te Uru Waitākere Contemporary Gallery (2019). In 2019 she was the Tylee Cottage Artist in Residence in Whanganui, and her subsequent exhibition, Sleeping Near the River opened at the Sarjeant Gallery Te Whare o Rehua Whanganui in August 2021. Installation view of Marie Shannon: Sleeping Near The River, 14 August — 11 November 2021 at Sarjeant Gallery Te Whare o Rehua Whanganui. Photograph by Michael McKeagg, courtesy of Sarjeant Gallery Te Whare o Rehua Whanganui.	cc/2023-06/en_head_0047.json.gz/line9
__label__cc	0.733261	0.266739	Studying the Carvings You can get involved! Find out how… Background to the Stones Learn more about the background to the stones… Sadly, this stone has now broken in two, but it bears enigmatic symbols… This stone is decorated with a cross, rosette and shield… Inscribed, ‘Here lies John, son of Philip Taylor’… The largest stone, bearing the image of a small ship with a single mast… Featuring a pair of wool shears… symbolising a life cut short? Featuring a lady’s head carved in high relief… This stone bears the inscription, ‘Pray for the soul of Matilda…’ The medieval carved stones will be recorded using 3D laser scanning… The Fish Scales and Sword stone is intricately carved with a design similar to scales of a fish…. The McManus Art Gallery and Museum in Dundee has had eight large and finely carved stone sarcophagus lids in its posession for many years. The coffin lids represent some of the finest examples of such carvings from the middle ages and offer us a glimpse of high status burial in the medieval period in Scotland. Thanks to support from the Heritage Lottery Fund, some of Dundee’s treasures are coming out of storage for the first time in generations.	cc/2023-06/en_head_0047.json.gz/line14
__label__wiki	0.96458	0.96458	First U.S. space tourism mission since 2001 could launch by end of 2016 The first U.S. space tourism mission since 2001 could be in the works by the end of this year, NASA announced Thursday. A rocket built by Florida-based Space Exploration Technologies is slated to blast off from Cape Canaveral, Fla., and make the first-ever soft landing on the moon. NASA officials said the SpaceX rocket, the first to use recycled technology, would carry a nearly-new United Launch Alliance Atlas V rocket to orbit. From there, it would deploy several commercial and defense payloads, including an unmanned Dragon spacecraft carrying supplies and payloads like Earth observation cameras and cutting-edge scientific instruments. The successful landing and rendezvous of the Dragon spacecraft on the moon’s surface, if successful, could lead to new private space tourism endeavors by 2018, NASA officials said. “The Lunar Landing Demo Mission at the end of 2018 will enable private industry to execute its vision of putting U.S. boots on the moon,” NASA Administrator Charles Bolden said in a statement. “Our partnership with private industry will advance our research and foster commercial development, and it will enable U.S. citizens to explore beyond our nation’s borders.” The landing demo could be the first of four this decade from the Taurus-Littrow lander and Orbiting Laboratory. Previous landings would go back to 1998. Atlas V and Taurus-Littrow are expected to replace the Saturn V rocket and Apollo-era lunar landers as the main source of transporting people and cargo to the moon. NASA’s JPL space center in Pasadena, Calif., as well as its Kennedy Space Center launch complex in Cape Canaveral, is scheduled to host the landings and subsequent exploration. Since the Apollo era in the early 1960s, only Russia’s Federal Space Agency and China have undertaken lunar missions. The SpaceX goal is to add to an already growing private space industry. JPL’s mission in particular could lead to the development of a new class of moon landing vehicles and landers, such as an air and rocket landing that would ease development of lunar flight, NASA officials said. At the press conference Thursday, NASA Administrator Charles Bolden, former Jet Propulsion Laboratory Deputy Director Michael Gazarik and SpaceX CEO Elon Musk all referred to this sort of vehicle as the “new moon-lander.” “That could also enable us to fly humans to the moon in eight to 10 years,” said SpaceX Chief Technology Officer Davide de Martinis. SpaceX has a $1.6 billion NASA contract to deliver cargo to the International Space Station, and the company is also scheduled to deliver a Dragon capsule with nearly 1,000 pounds of supplies to the orbiting laboratory in December. In January of this year, the Obama administration announced its plans to return U.S. astronauts to the moon by 2025, a long-term goal, and in response NASA announced a partnership with the private sector, SpaceX and Boeing to develop new space vehicles that would transport astronauts to the International Space Station, and possibly eventually to asteroids and Mars. Bolden said “a manned moon mission” could help mitigate the challenges of sending astronauts to Mars. The cheaper cost of that mission would be part of the goals of NASA’s Commercial Crew Program, which is intended to create commercial space vehicles capable of supporting human missions, without taking away from support for the International Space Station and its crew. “If we can demonstrate the capability to land on the moon, we would more quickly advance our efforts for interplanetary exploration,” Bolden said. Earlier this year, SpaceX successfully re-launched and landed a second Falcon 9 rocket, the same mission that successfully delivered a Dragon capsule to the space station in April. Thursday’s news conference was sponsored by Microsoft co-founder Paul Allen and co-founders of Boom Technology, Marc Raibert and Eron Shoenfeld. Categories sport Tags boxing, chemistry, clinical trials, nobel prizes, science and technology Kanye West leads tributes to Virgil Abloh with moving Sunday Service cover of Adele’s ‘Easy on Me’ China’s electric trains can hit speeds higher than the Tour de France New York governor Andrew Cuomo calls alleged assailant a ‘prostitute’ Missing Ohio soldier found safe in Peru Rookie wide receiver Chad Hansen joins Patriots Boeing offers special discount rates on Tokyo flights for Covid-19 Colton Underwood revealed that he is dating both women in season 22 of ‘The Bachelor.’ 55 dead in Russia’s second major mining disaster in two weeks	cc/2023-06/en_head_0047.json.gz/line15
__label__wiki	0.560657	0.560657	The 20th Century Time Machine Posted on October 13, 2017 by Nancy Watzman by Nancy Watzman & Katie Dahl With the turn of a dial, some flashing lights, and the requisite puff of fog, emcees Tracey Jaquith, TV Architect, and Jason Scott, Free Range Archivist, cranked up the Internet Archive 20th Century Time Machine on stage before a packed house at the Internet Archive’s annual party on October 11. Eureka! The cardboard contraption worked! The year was 1912, and out stepped Alexis Rossi, director of Media and Access, her hat adorned with a 78rpm record. D’Anna Alexander (center) with her mother (right) and grandmother (left). “Close your eyes and listen,” Rossi asked the audience. And then, out of the speakers floated the scratchy sounds of Billy Murray singing “Low Bridge, Everybody Down” written by Thomas S. Allen. From 1898 to the 1950s, some three million recordings of about three minutes each were made on 78rpm discs. But these discs are now brittle, the music stored on them precious. The Internet Archive is working with partners on the Great 78 Project to store these recordings digitally, so that we and future generations can enjoy them and reflect on our music history. New collections include the Tina Argumedo and Lucrecia Hug 78rpm Collection of dance music collected in Argentina in the mid-1930s. Next to emerge from the Time Machine was David Leonard, president of the Boston Public Library, which was the first free, municipal library founded in the United States. The mission was and remains bold: make knowledge available to everyone. Knowledge shouldn’t be hidden behind paywalls, restricted to the wealthy but rather should operate under the principle of open access as public good, he explained. Leonard announced that the Boston Public Library would join the Internet Archive’s Great 78 Project, by authorizing the transfer of 200,000 individual 78s and LPs to preserve and make accessible to the public, “a collection that otherwise would remain in storage unavailable to anyone.” David Leonard and Brewster Kahle Brewster Kahle, founder and Digital Librarian of the Internet Archive, then came through the time machine to present the Internet Archive Hero Award to Leonard. “I am inspired every time I go through the doors,” said Kahle of the library, noting that the Boston Public Library was the first to digitize not just a presidential library, of John Quincy Adams, but also modern books. Leonard was presented with a tablet imprinted with the Boston Public Library homepage by Internet Archive 2017 Artist in Residence, Jeremiah Jenkins. Kahle then set the Time Machine to 1942 to explain another new Internet Archive initiative: liberating books published between 1923 to 1941. Working with Elizabeth Townsend Gard, a copyright scholar at Tulane University, the Internet Archive is liberating these books under a little known, and perhaps never used, provision of US copyright law, Section 108h, which allows libraries to scan and make available materials published 1923 to 1941 if they are not being actively sold. The name of the new collection: the Sony Bono Memorial Collection, named for the now deceased congressman and former representative who led the passage of the Copyright Term Extension Act of 1998, which included the 108h provision as a “gift” to libraries. One of these books includes “Your Life,” a tome written by Kahle’s grandfather, Douglas E. Lurton, a “guide to a desirable living.” “I have one copy of this book and two sons. According to the law, I can’t make one copy and give it to the other son. But now it’s available,” Kahle explained. Sab Masada The Time Machine cranked to 1944, out came Rick Prelinger, Internet Archive Board member, archivist, and filmmaker. Prelinger introduced a new addition to the Internet Archive’s film collection: long-forgotten footage of an Arkansas Japanese internment camp from 1944. As the film played on the screen, Prelinger welcomed Sab Masada, 87, who lived at this very camp as a 12-year-old. Masada talked about his experience at the camp and why it is important for people today to remember it. “Since the election I’ve heard echoes of what I heard in 1942,” Masada said. “Using fear of terrorism to target the Muslims and people south of the border.” Next to speak was Wendy Hanamura, the director of partnerships. Hanamura explained how as a sixth grader she discovered a book at the library, Executive Order 9066, published in 1972, which chronicled photos of Japanese internment camps during World War II. “Before I was an internet archivist, I was a daughter and granddaughter of American citizens who were locked up behind barbed wire in the same kind of camps that incarcerated Sab,” said Hanamura. That one book – now out of print – helped her understand what had happened to her family. Inspired by making it to the semi-final round of the MacArthur 100&Change initiative with a proposal that provides libraries and learners with free digital access to four million books, the Internet Archive is forging ahead with plans, despite not winning the $100 million grant. Among the books the Internet Archive is making available: Executive Order 9066. The year display turned to 1985, Jason Scott reappeared on stage, explaining his role as a software curator. New this year to the Internet Archive are collections of early Apple software, he explained, with browser emulation allowing the user to experience just what it was like to fire up a Macintosh computer back in its hay day. This includes a collection of the then wildly popular “HyperCards,” a programmatic tool that enabled users to create programs that linked materials in creative ways, before the rise of the world wide web. After this tour through the 20th century, the Time Machine was set to 1997. Mark Graham, Director of the Wayback Machine and Vinay Goel, Senior Data Engineer, stepped on stage. Back in 1997, when the Wayback Machine began archiving websites on the still new World Wide Web, the entire thing amounted to 2.2 terabytes of data. Now the Wayback Machine contains 20 petabytes. Graham explained how the Wayback Machine is preserving tweets, government websites, and other materials that could otherwise vanish. One example: this report from The Rachel Maddow Show, which aired on December 16, 2016, about Michael Flynn, then slated to become National Security Advisor. Flynn deleted a tweet he had made linking to a falsified story about Hillary Clinton, but the Internet Archive saved it through the Wayback Machine. Goel took the microphone to announce new improvements to Wayback Machine Search 2.0. Now it’s possible to search for keywords, such as “climate change,” and find not just web pages from a particular time period mentioning these words, but also different format types — such as images, pdfs, or yes, even an old Internet Archive favorite, animated gifs from the now-defunct GeoCities–including snow globes! Thanks to all who came out to celebrate with the Internet Archive staff and volunteers, or watched online. Please join our efforts to provide Universal Access to All Knowledge, whatever century it is from. Editor’s Note, 10/16/17: Watch the full event https://archive.org/details/youtube-j1eYfT1r0Tc Posted in 78rpm, Announcements, Event, News, Open Library, Wayback Machine - Web Archive \| Tagged brewster kahle, David Leonard, hypercards, Rick Prelinger, Sab Masada, Wayback Machine \| 8 Replies About Nancy Watzman Nancy Watzman is Managing Editor, Television Archive. View all posts by Nancy Watzman → ← Syncing Catalogs with thousands of Libraries in 120 Countries through OCLC Fifth Annual Aaron Swartz Day & International Hackathon → 8 thoughts on “The 20th Century Time Machine” Jayson Araújo October 13, 2017 at 9:18 pm Adorei o site, formidável ! Bharat Madhekar October 14, 2017 at 10:39 am Feeling knowledgeful after reading the article. Great essay writing services October 18, 2017 at 9:06 am Discovered your post fascinating to peruse. I cannot hold up to see your post soon. Good Luck for the up and coming update. This article is truly extremely fascinating and successful. whisky in the jar October 19, 2017 at 3:20 am I submitted a web page to the wayback machine and it got me thinking. “Who watches the watchers?” I know that. “Who archives archive.org?” In other terms, what if archive.org were to vanish like a ghost, who has a mirror of archive.org? I have tried to write something similar to wayback machine, but it has failed so far. For some reason my code acts like a bot and web pages rejects it, while wayback machine can get the information from the same pages without hassle. Angus October 24, 2017 at 4:49 am Love it! Very creative and silly. Below is my own journey through 1927 – I started out wanting to see the Yankees and Louis Armstrong play, and then it just kinda snowballed! Dave Keener October 24, 2017 at 12:51 pm Awesome History! Richard Iaconelli October 24, 2017 at 1:59 pm Great that you are doing these things for the public–too much historical material is kept locked behind closed doors. How does that help learning? Not interested in the comments of Sab Masada. He’s way out of line injecting his leftist politics here. Let him go work on the Hillary 2020 campaign in the Moscow headquarters. Mason Kinder October 25, 2017 at 2:54 am I loved reading it, thank you!	cc/2023-06/en_head_0047.json.gz/line16
__label__wiki	0.718478	0.718478	Home Top 30 TV Station… Top 30 TV Station Groups in 2021 Local Television, Television, Local, TV Ad Revenue In what should come as a surprise to absolutely no one, Nexstar Broadcasting remains the Top TV station group by total revenue in 2021. With nearly $4 billion in total revenue (nearly $1.9 billion in advertising revenue and $2.1 billion in estimated retransmission* revenue), up from $3.6 billion in 2020 ($2.1 billion in advertising and $1.5 billion in retrans revenues). The biggest change is that Standard General, thanks to its pending acquisition of Tegna, now occupies the 2nd spot. But before you cry foul and tell me that 1) the Standard General/Tegna deal wasn’t announced until 2022, and 2) the deal hasn’t even closed yet… it wouldn’t make any difference in the rankings. Looking at the list without the Standard General/Tegna acquisition, BIA’s new head of forecasting, Nicole Ovadia remarked that “Tegna would have surpassed Gray, moving from third to second this year on our list even without the sale to Standard General.” Standard General/Tegna combined had $2.7 billion in revenues in 2021 ($1.3 billion in advertising and $1.38 billion in retransmission). The only TV station included in those totals that Standard General isn’t acquiring from Tegna is WFXT(TV) in Boston, which it is currently acquiring from Cox. Source: BIA Advisory Services, June 2022 Following Nexstar and Standard General/Tegna, is Gray Television, which was the number two station group in 2020. Despite several acquisitions that closed in 2021, Gray dropped to the number 3 spot with total revenues of $2.6 billion ($1.5 billion advertising/$1.1 billion retrans revenues), down from $3.3 billion ($2.0 billion advertising/$1.3 billion retrans revenues) in 2020. Standard General/Tegna and Gray swapping places in the top 3 is the only change in order in the Top 10 station group owners between 2020 and 2021. As Nexstar maintains duopoly partnerships (ie – Joint Services Agreements and/or Shared Services Agreements) with Mission Broadcasting-owned TV stations, we have combined Nexstar and Mission’s revenues for this list. The same holds true for Sinclair, which has similar agreements with TV stations owned by Stephen Mumblow and Cunningham Broadcasting. This brings us to #4 on the list – Sinclair Broadcast Group, which had $2.5 billion in total revenues (nearly $932 million in advertising and $1.6 billion in retrans revenues) in 2021, down from $2.78 billion ($1.28 billion advertising/$1.5 billion retrans) in 2020. Without a boost from the TV stations owned by Stephen Mumblow and Cunningham Broadcasting, which on their own would each have ranked in the top 25 owners, Sinclair would have been in 6th place. The next four station group owners are the broadcast networks with their O&O (owned & operated) TV stations: Fox Television (5th with $2.5 billion total), CBS TV (6th with $2.27 billion), Comcast/NBC (7th with $2.06 billion), and ABC/Disney (8th with $1.5 billion). Rounding out the top 10 station owners list are EW Scripps Co with $1.35 billion and Hearst Television with $1.2 billion in total revenues. Retransmission consent agreement revenues have had a profound impact on station owners’ total revenues. Just looking at advertising revenue, without estimated retransmission revenues, Nexstar would still be on top, but Gray would have retained the #2 spot, followed by Standard General/Tegna, CBS, and Fox. Based on advertising revenue alone, Sinclair would be in 7th place. In a video interview with TVNewsCheck, BIA’s now retired SVP and Chief Economist Dr. Mark Fratrik weighed in on retransmission revenue, noting that retransmission revenue “is slowing down, obviously with cord-cutting and cord-nevering. There are many people — many younger people — who won’t be subscribing to an MVPD. On the other hand, they may be subscribing to a virtual MVPD or Hulu Live, YouTube Live, where they do get access to the local television stations. And those services do provide retransmission consent payments to local television stations, much like the cable operators [and] the satellite operators.” Dr. Fratrik noted that local television stations may still increase their retransmission revenues because of existing agreements with MVPDs that include rate increases, even as subscriber counts decline. BIA provided the top 30 stations to TVNewsCheck for its annual posting. You can view the full list here. *BIA estimates retransmission consent revenues at the station level, as this information is typically not publicly disclosed by the stations, the owners, or the MVPDs. BIA’s estimates are based on publicly available information. retransmissionTV Ad revenueTV advertising Local TV’s Hot Sales Categories Legal Services Ad Spend Surpassing 2020, 2021 Growth in Digital	cc/2023-06/en_head_0047.json.gz/line17
__label__cc	0.70981	0.29019	The Big Match Review – Rhonda McClam February 12, 2020 UncategorizedGaryCBeck The Big Match and other one act plays, written by Gary Beck, is a book that I highly recommend! Here is a quick list and some comments about the plays that stood out the most to me: Clown Show is one of my favorite one act plays because I enjoyed having the links to it so I could go on YouTube to see the play acted out in performance. Beck’s point of view seems to question, have “clowns” have lost their significance? Clowns reflect a brighter side of life- one that is shaped by positive forces. In reality, we have traded laughter and imagination for an infatuation with complex social, emotional and political issues. My impression of ‘The Clown Show’ was we as a society have a strong need- to laugh; to be creative; to be happy and love one another in the midst of a changing world that is often filled with negative distractions. The Clown Show represents the age of innocence and a brighter side of the character of humanity. Some of today’s youth would rather focus their energy on playing video games and watching television. Videos and shows filled with the most negativity gets the most hits. With the free-for-all of data at our fingertips, the biggest match is between our old selves and the new direction of today’s society. With the continued path of written, visual negativity flowing through the world, we may miss the chance to get lost in the wonders of life- like going to see the circus or clowns perform. It is that simple yet a huge fight for humanity! Let’s take a look at the concept and principles of clowns and clown shows. Clowns tend to be nonverbal, yet with their facial expressions, movements, props and gestures, tend to “say” a lot. Additionally, clown shows have always been associated with laughing and having fun at the circus. Movies like “It”, the influx of digital and social media, as well as video games have given individuals an exciting and fast-paced lifestyle. Clowns have lost their significance yet represent an innocence that can never really be lost! If it were true along with it, goes the imagination and desire to be creative. The skill it takes to entertain people as a clown is an art form that will not ever die out for at the essence of a clown show is the energy of the spirit – something that can win over the ego! It takes a great skill to synthesize multiple ideas into an one act play. “The Big Match” really represents a microcosm of the state of our society as are most of Beck’s one act plays. Imagine… a world where we continue to expose our young people to different ways to be naturally creative, while still embracing technology? That’s why “clowns” or symbols of fun and happiness in life must be preserved before we lose ourselves completely to machines and politics. Art is Long made me realize how deeply a person’s interests and personality can contribute to the type of art that they buy. From this play, I learned quickly that art can be faked and many times even the art “experts” can’t really tell the difference between authentic art or a phony. That’s why it is important to purchase from an art dealer who is reputable. Beck skillfully takes on multiple perspectives with a duality of personalities. I never knew a writer could make so many statements about life in short plays. “Art is long” is the type of one-act play with a message that is not explicitly stated- it’s incredibly thought provoking pertaining to the complexities of issues, however, Beck is subtle at times so that the seriousness of comedy is revealed while you laugh. Another play that strongly resonated with me was “The Big Match” where the protagonist tends to submit quickly to her emotionally toxic husband. It seems like the more passive she is, the more he shows the negative aspects of his personality. We can easily be drawn into her “nice-nasty” attitude because as is with some misunderstandings, if the other person took a moment to listen intently to what was being said, one would realize that it was just a battle of the ego. This play resonated with me because I often question how different life can be if we take ego out of the scenario and show love which is understanding. The Chess Match was another example of man’s rage against the machine- or against oneself! In this play, the main character is willing to lose all he owns as he goes way out of control trying to prove himself in a similar manner that the man and his wife went at each other’s throat in “The Big Match”. In these one-act plays, Beck is making bold assertions and challenging the human ego to expand itself and grow! ← Mortal Coil Review – Godfrey Logan – Chicago Record Magazine Temporal Dreams Press Release →	cc/2023-06/en_head_0047.json.gz/line21
__label__cc	0.580582	0.419418	Workplace bullying leads to loss of 5 trillion won By Choi Sung-jin Bullying at work costs 5 trillion won ($4.4 billion) a year in lost labor, a study shows. The Korea Research Institute for Vocational Education and Training released a report Thursday on workplace bullying based on a survey of 3,000 workers -- 200 each in 15 different industries. According to the report, the probability of damage on non-regular workers -- part-timers and contract workers -- was 28.1 percent, higher than the 21.3 percent on regular, full-time employees. In social and economic terms, the damage was higher among the middle class (25.5 percent) and lower class (23.5 percent) than among the high class (15.1 percent). The rate of offense was highest among high-class people with 16.2 percent, indicating Korea's organizational culture allows for bullying by power groups, the report said. Lost labor costs caused by workplace harassment amounted to 4.78 trillion won, which includes 964.7 billion won in manufacturing, 656 billion won in the wholesale-retailing sector and 501.7 billion won in catering and lodging. The cost is calculated by the lost hours when workers cannot focus on their jobs because of bullying, multiplied by hourly wages. "Workers showed low trust in companies' measures to reduce workplace bullying," said Seo Yu-jeong, an assistant fellow at the institute. "Up to 85 percent of respondents said the government should come forward to enact a law to prevent office harassment." choisj@ktimes.com More articles by this reporter	cc/2023-06/en_head_0047.json.gz/line28
__label__wiki	0.775379	0.775379	Pages: 1 ... 9 10 [11] 12 13 ... 28 Re: HEF of BP - There may be some who know better than others... « Reply #150 on: November 24, 2020, 10:19:56 pm » Imagine R to the H (if I may Supreme?) doing his own live action Disney+ Black Panther series with an all new cast. World War Wakanda would work so well especially with the whole multiverse opening up. Could this be an answer to the future of the BP franchise. Maybe Marvel doesn't do any more BP films with the original cast. For all we know Letia may not even want to play Shuri taking the mantle of Black Panther. Maybe Civil War, Black Panther, Infinity War and Endgame conclude the Boseman era. They instead do a reboot on Disney+. Would that satisfy those claiming respect for Chadwick Boseman's legacy? How about possibly delaying the film for another 2 years to get the first season out and explain this is another universe, I don;t know possibly the 710 universe (shameless plug...) and have that universe's T'Challa be exchanged with the MCU universe known as Earth-199999 by some strange magic or what have you. Possibly solving the recast situation. What if Marvel keeps BP Disney+ separate from the BP movie franchise? What if Earth-199999 T'Challa got lost in space and winds up doing the Empire of Wakanda more along the lines of Hudlin's Black to the Future on the streaming service and what if because of this Shuri has to become the new BP in the MCU verse for the next film. Would that appease the "fans"? Or, or they could simply recast T'Challa go forward with original movie franchise for several films and do a wholly original take based on Priest's BP and go Game of Thrones with Wakanda on their streaming platform. Marvel must know by now that the world can't get enough of the Black Panther, That is why they can't kill T'Challa. Black Panther Forever. Quote from: Ture on November 24, 2020, 10:19:56 pm My reaction to all the goodness contained in the above post: That's wassup Bro. Supreme. Thanks for the luv. Marvel star Letitia Wright LIKES tweets calling for her to be recast and Black Panther sequel to be cancelled as she is slammed online for sharing COVID anti-vax video asking if the vaccine will implant 5G antennas inside people... Black Panther star Letitia Wright, 27, is facing calls for her to be recast in the movie's sequel after her online comments about a COVID-19 vaccine. The British actress herself liked tweets that read ‘cancel Black Panther 2 immediately’ and ‘nah she needs to be recast’. Wright faced the backlash after she posted a YouTube clip that questioned the efficacy of the coronavirus jab on Thursday night. She was even slammed by Marvel co-star Don Cheadle who called it 'garbage'. Wright doubled down Friday, saying she wanted to raise her fears about vaccines. She added that people are 'canceled' as soon as they 'don't conform to popular opinions', possibly referencing the calls for her to be recast. Marvel Studios or its owners Disney have not commented on the controversy. The franchise has previously replaced actors such as Edward Norton who was replaced by Mark Ruffalo as The Hulk. By FRANCES MULRANEY and CHRIS JEWERS and JAMES GANT FOR MAILONLINE https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-9019729/Marvel-star-Letitia-Wright-LIKES-tweets-calling-recast-Black-Panther-sequel.html Re: HEF of BP - Eric Jerome Dickey Has Died Author Eric Jerome Dickey Has Died At 59 HE PASSED AWAY ON JANUARY 3 AFTER A LENGTHY ILLNESS. We are saddened to report on the January 3 death of New York Times bestselling author Eric Jerome Dickey. The news was confirmed by his publicist. He was 59 years old. “I am heart broken. My cousin, Eric Jerome Dickey passed away on yesterday,” wrote La Verne Madison Fuller on social media. “Guys, when God tells you to do something, just do it. Just a few weeks ago, God woke me up to text him and say that I loved him. He let me know that he loved us too.” Dickey was the man behind several classic books about the more tender realities of Black life, including “Sister, Sister,” “Friends & Lovers” and “Between Lovers.” In 2020, “Sister, Sister” was honored by Essence as one of the 50 most impactful books of the past 50 years. Over 7 million of his books have been published worldwide. Dickey was a native of Memphis, Tennessee and attended Memphis State University. He began writing stories in 1989, 7 years before his debut novel was published. At the time, he was still working as an engineer, following through on his college major. After leaving the engineering field to work as a comedian and actor, Dickey moved to Los Angeles. He wrote his own comedic material, deepening his connection to writing. It was through his work that many Black people were able to feel seen and an outpouring of love has began on social media since the news broke of his death. “I am truly saddened to hear about the passing of Eric Jerome Dickey,” author Roxane Gay wrote on Twitter. “His were some of the first novels I ever read about black people that weren’t about slavery of civil rights. He was a great storyteller.” Journalist Ernest Owens also paid tribute, writing, “Eric Jerome Dickey” was one of the first “grown folks” book authors I used to sneak to read when I was in middle school. A unique literary voice that left a mark in Black culture for ever.” In a 2019 interview, Dickey spoke on the purpose behind his stories. “I don’t intentionally write a book with an idea of ‘the moral to this story is,’ because I’m more focused on letting the people in the book live,” he said. “I just try to do my best. I never know if I’ve hit the nail on the head, if it’s really worked, until I put it out there for people to read.” We are sending love to Dickey’s family and all those that knew him. https://www.essence.com/news/eric-jerome-dickey-obituary/ Of course we here at the HEF will always remember him for... Re: HEF of BP - Daniel Kaluuya, When He Realized ‘Black Panther’ Wasn't Just A Movie Daniel Kaluuya on When He Realized ‘Black Panther’ Was Bigger Than Just a Movie By Ramin Setoodeh Daniel Kaluuya first realized that “Black Panther” would become a cultural phenomenon when he was shooting the 2018 Marvel superhero movie. In an interview for Variety’s Actors on Actors, Kaluuya and Tom Holland spoke together about their latest projects. In “Judas and the Black Messiah,” Kaluuya stars as civil rights leader Fred Hampton. And in “Cherry,” Holland playing a war veteran suffering from PTSD and drug addiction. During the conversation, the two actors talked about their experiences making Marvel movies. Holland is Spider-Man, of course. And Kaluuya played W’Kabi, the best friend to T’Challa (Chadwick Boseman), in a movie that shattered box office records, grossing $1.3 billion worldwide. “I think it’s something that we were aware that was bubbling,” Kaluuya says, when asked if knew how big “Black Panther” would be. “There was one day, we did the waterfall scene, and obviously in between takes, everyone just stays on set, and there were hundreds of people on set. And we had actual drummers in between the takes. They would play the beat for Snoop Dogg’s ‘Drop It Like It’s Hot.’” Kaluuya remembers how everyone on the set suddenly came together. “And then everyone would go ‘Snoop!’” Kaluuya says. “Like, hundreds of people would literally do that, and when I saw that, I was like — yeah, this isn’t going to be quiet. There was just an energy. Everyone was so privileged to be part of this moment.” “It felt like a moment,” Kaluuya adds. “We’re able to show this world in a way that we see us, and it being a Marvel film. You’re bringing something into the world that doesn’t exist, and that’s just really difficult because there’s no blueprint, there’s no template. And there’s some pains in doing that. But when people receive it and people take it as their own, and kids and families are going dressed to the cinemas, it makes everything worth it.” For our full interview with Kaluuya https://variety.com/2021/film/news/daniel-kaluuya-black-panther-1234888250/ Re: HEF of BP - Nikki Giovanni Writes Black Panther Story For Tales Of Wakanda Nikki Giovanni Creates Black Panther Story For Tales Of Wakanda Posted on February 1, 2021 \| by Rich Johnston This month, Titan Comics is publishing a new short-story anthology, Black Panther: Tales of Wakanda, dubbed "a ground-breaking anthology from the African Diaspora", edited by Jesse J. Holland. A regular on C-SPAN's Washington Journal program, in 2017 he published both The Invisibles: The Untold Story of African American Slaves in The White House and Black Panther: Who Is the Black Panther?, the first prose novel about the character. He is also contributing a story to the volume. Other contributors include Sheree Renée Thomas, the new editor of the long-running Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction. Danian Darrell Jerry, a member of the hip-hop collective Iron Mic Coalition. Troy L. Wiggins, a veteran contributor to such genre magazines as Uncanny and Beneath Ceaseless Skies. And Nikki Giovanni, 77, the poet and activist known as "The Poet of the Black Revolution" for her Black Power-inspired writings of the 1960s and '70s. A ground-breaking anthology celebrating Marvel's beloved Black Panther and his home of Wakanda, penned by an all-star cast of authors such as Sheree Renée Thomas and Nikki Giovanni. T'Challa faces the gods of his parents. Vampires stalk Shuri and a Dora Milaje in voodoo-laced New Orleans. Erik Killmonger grapples with racism, Russian spies, and his own origins. Eighteen brand-new tales of Wakanda, its people, and its legacy. The first mainstream superhero of African descent, the Black Panther has attracted readers of all races and colors who see in the King of Wakanda reflections of themselves. Storytellers from across the African Diaspora—some already literary legends, others who are rising stars—have created for this collection original works inspired by the world of the Panther and its inhabitants. With guest stars including Storm, Monica Rambeau, Namor, and Jericho Drumm, these are stories of yesterday and today, of science and magic, of faith and love. These are the tales of a king and his country. These are the legends whispered in the jungle, myths of the unconquered men and women and the land they love. These are the Tales of Wakanda. Featuring stories by Linda D. Addison, Maurice Broaddus, Christopher Chambers, Milton J. Davis, Tananarive Due, Nikki Giovanni, Harlan James, Danian Jerry, Kyoko M., L.L. McKinney, Temi Oh, Suyi Davies Okungbowa, Glenn Parris, Alex Simmons, Sheree Renée Thomas, Cadwell Turnbull and Troy L. Wiggins. The collection will be published next week by Titan Books in the UK, but will only make it to the US in March. https://bleedingcool.com/comics/nikki-giovanni-creates-black-panther-story-for-tales-of-wakanda/ Jesse Holland is editing so hopefully he keeps the writers on an action adventure track and steers clear of introspective prose. But the writer of the article didnt mention that the novel he wrote was based off of Hudlins first story. And a vampire story in New Orleans? Think I read that somewhere before. Lol « Last Edit: February 01, 2021, 07:53:46 am by CvilleWakandan » Quote from: CvilleWakandan on February 01, 2021, 07:47:31 am Despite the fact that the new story focuses on an Afrikan female duo...Shuri and a unnamed Dora Milaje...as the protagonists, I had the exact same thought as Brother Cville. And I'm worried that TurnCoates may have found brand new denigrating ways to stick it to T'Challa before he leaves BP forever [ "Idumiso Bast!"..."Praise Bast!" ], and I am still very much worried that they'll find someone vomitous to replace TurnCoates, instead of letting amazing scribes like Redjack run with BP. With Redjack rockin BP in his own series and Aaron rockin BP and BLADE in Avengers? Brethren. Things might finally start turning up roses for us; a scent I haven't whiffed regarding BP in his own series since Hudlin and to a signifcantly lesser degree Liss' departure. « Last Edit: April 07, 2021, 11:44:41 am by supreme illuminati » Re: HEF of BP - Def Jam and Marvel team for special Black Panther stories Def Jam and Marvel team for special Black Panther stories leading to series finale By Newsarama Staff The iconic recording label and comic book publisher team-up for special stories in the last three issues of Black Panther Def Jam Recordings and Marvel Comics announced an upcoming collaboration designed to "integrate the voices of young Black creatives with one of the most transformative characters and storylines in graphic arts history: Black Panther." In February 24's Black Panther #23, Marvel and Def Jam celebrate Black History Month with South-Central Los Angeles singer/songwriter Saint Bodhi (joined by co-writer Danny Lore, artist Alitha Martinez, and colorist Rachelle Rosenberg) sharing her take on Storm "for an emotional story grounded in tragedy and acceptance." Bodhi's debut story will also be included in Marvel's Voices: Legacy #1, a celebration of Black voices and artists, on sale the same day. In March's Black Panther #24, Dallas-native rapper Bobby Sessions tells a story about Black Panther himself. And in the series' finale issue #25 in April, 'Toxic R&B' artist Kaash Paige will "forge a tale about Wakandan Princess Shuri and the power of knowledge." "Aligned with the Def Jam Forward initiative to promote social, economic, and educational equality, each three-page story will also feature an exclusive one-page Def Jam artist profile," reads Marvel's announcement. "Bringing these two logos together was a dream,” says Def Jam partnerships consultant Jonathan Rheingold about the team-up. "There was a mutual desire to unite these two great brands for a mission and a cause — leveraging Def Jam's rising stars and the legendary Marvel characters to tell powerful stories that would make an emotional connection with fans of both cultures." While Marvel says Bodhi, Sessions, and Paige are telling their first Marvel Comics stories, each of the artists has a "long-standing passion" for Marvel and the world of comics and graphic arts in general. Black Panther is one of the many black superheroes that changed the face of comic books. https://www.gamesradar.com/def-jam-and-marvel-team-for-special-black-panther-stories-leading-to-series-finale/ 11 months since the last issue of BP's ongoing and they decide Storm should be the first special released in their collaboration. How very typical of life for the Black Panther in the Coatesverse. Re: HEF of BP - Alex Simmons on the History of Black Panther Alex Simmons on the History of Black Panther A friend and collaborator of Billy Graham and Don McGregor, comics creator and author Alex Simmons reflects on the story, and the people, who redefined Black Panther. BY BEN MORSE Since his 1966 debut in the pages of FANTASTIC FOUR (1961) #52 by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby, King T’Challa, better known as the Black Panther, has been breaking down boundaries in comics and pop culture. The first mainstream Super Hero of African descent, Black Panther would be a popular guest star for the Fantastic Four as well as a member of the title team in AVENGERS for over a decade. But it wasn’t until 1973’s JUNGLE ACTION #6 that T’Challa gained the solo spotlight. Over the course of 13 consecutive issues in JUNGLE ACTION, writer Don McGregor along with artists Rich Buckler, Gil Kane, and Billy Graham constructed “Panther’s Rage,” largely considered to be the first serialized “graphic novel” in comics. The story explored T’Challa’s Wakanda with a significant role for American-born love interest Monica Lynne, plus introduced readers to Erik Killmonger for the first time. Following the conclusion of “Panther’s Rage,” McGregor and Graham would go on to produce “Panther vs. the Klan,” a bold story pitting Marvel’s most prominent Black hero against the infamous hate group. Again, this tale made history, addressing critical social issues and treading on ground previously considered out of bounds for comics. Graham represents a fascinating figure in the history of comics as one of the less heralded pillars in Black Panther’s identity. An accomplished actor, playwright, and award-winning set designer, he occupied rarified space in the 1960s as Art Director of Warren Publishing. In the '70s, Graham left his mark on Marvel, illustrating not only JUNGLE ACTION, but helping to launch Luke Cage into his HERO FOR HIRE ongoing. An award-winning comic book creator as well as the co-author of Black Panther Psychology: Hidden Kingdoms, Alex Simmons had a front row seat for “Panther’s Rage” as a friend and collaborator of Graham and McGregor. We spoke to Simmons about his experiences with Black Panther and JUNGLE ACTION, as well as his memories surrounding these creators and their landmark work. Why were Don McGregor and Billy Graham such a potent team on Black Panther? AS: The answer to this question is that they cared. Don cared about the stories he was telling and the people he was writing about. Don spent time with people of color. Not just me and not just Billy, and then he went home to a white existence. Billy lived the life some of us only read about. He'd been seen as the only Black artist in a particular office or field at the time. He was still one of the few Black professional artists in comic books. He cared about his people. Billy loved life and he fought for a particular quality of life. He judged people by their actions and not necessarily by their words. And he cared about his friends. Don cared passionately about his friends. You put those two people together and you wind up with a hell of a story both in real life and in their work. What is your background and history with the character of Black Panther? Honestly, I don't remember the first time I became a fan of Black Panther. But I do remember seeing him in an issue of the FANTASTIC FOUR. He had joined them in the Baxter Building and there was a conversation going on between him, Reed Richards, and Sue Storm. And somehow Wyatt Wingfoot, a Native American character that was active in the FF storyline at that time, was also involved in the tale. Now honestly I don't remember the story. But I do remember being fascinated by this Black character in a major comic book series. Even though it wasn't his book, being in this all black costume, and having the same name as a political group that existed at that time [in] 1966... I'm not particularly political. Meaning I don't think about politics and social issues every time I inhale and exhale. I was even that way back when I was 14 or so and social change was all around me. It was a time of protest for Civil Rights and equal rights and the U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War. In many ways the United States was facing its identity and clashing with itself on a grand scale. There I was in the middle of that trying to figure out who I was as a boy, and as a Black teen growing up with a mom and no dad. So the Black Panther character, this warrior king Super Hero, was a major discovery for me personally, not necessarily as a political figure standing up for all Black people or all Black males. I just saw him and enjoyed it and was fascinated by it and wanted more. What role did you play working on the JUNGLE ACTION run with Don McGregor? I will say this in my own words, but Don is actually the person to tell the story. There were people at Marvel who were not thrilled at all with what Don was doing with the character. I heard them say things and I saw the impact those times had on McGregor. For those who have no idea what Don McGregor looks like, well he was—and still is—a short white guy from Rhode Island. Don was also fiery and passionate about doing justice to this character, to this king, this Black Super Hero and the world in which he existed. The Black Panther and the supporting characters that made up his world of Wakanda were not stereotypes to Don, and I believe that cost him dearly. Getting back to your question about its effect on me, or my position in it, Don and I were great friends by that time in 1976. We had even worked on some independent projects together. But when he got this assignment to write a Black Panther series, Don knew he had to see the kingdom of Wakanda as a real geologic location. He had to know the position of the palace, the Vibranium mines, and every other aspect of that land so that he could represent it properly in every story. My one artistic involvement in that series was limited to one area only. As Don was developing the layout of Wakanda, I was called upon to lightly sketch out some of the images in his head. And my meager thumbnail sketches and Don’s notes went to artist Rich Buckler. He was the one who embellished it all, as well as drew a few issues of the series. What was your relationship like with Billy Graham as well as Don? Buckler was great on the book, but I was especially thrilled when Billy Graham joined the series for two reasons: One, the lush artwork that he created just took Black Panther to another level. Two: Well, let me set up a little backstory on the relationships [between] Don, Billy, and me. I met Don McGregor at Phil Seuling's New York Comic Con in 1969. I was in my last year of high school and I believe Don was about 20 or 21. We met in the hotel room of a particular artist, whose name I'll mention in a moment. This artist had invited a number of people to come up there and hang out while he told great stories from his experience. He did this while performing a remarkable series of magic tricks. This incredible individual was Jim Steranko. I want you to understand that this room was packed with people and I happened to be sitting next to Don and his wife. We were all watching Jim do his thing. But somehow we got to exchanging some thoughts, and the next thing we both knew we were talking like we were the only two people there. We talked about comics and films and TV shows, and all these things that we were creatively fans of. Let's face it—we loved our heroes saving people in distress, which was part of what made up our imagination, our lives, and our code. A year later Don and I are at another Phil Seuling Comic Con, but this time we had a comic book project that we’d just worked on together. This was the first ever issue of DETECTIVES INCORPORATED, the series that Don created and wrote, and has since produced more stories with some really spectacular artists. But at that time I was his artist and had Illustrated and printed the first issue in Rhode Island, stapled them together, and we brought them to Comic Con that year to show off the books. And we sat in on a panel for a publishing company called Warren Publications. They did a series of black-and-white comic magazines such as Creepy, and Eerie, and Vampirella. To name a few. You can't put the two of us anywhere and expect normality to reign. James Warren was on the panel and he talked afterwards and I approached him. We were talking, and at some point we open our big mouths and inserted both our feet and said something playfully teasing about this artist that they had at Warren Publications. Warren saw a great opportunity to fry our butts, called over the artist and said, “Well, say that to his face.” That artist was Billy Graham, possibly one of the few if not the only Black artists working in comic books at that time. Certainly he was the only Black art director in comics. Rather than punch us both out, the four of us wound up joking and talking. We went out to eat together and over the next few months Don, Billy, and I became good friends. There are a thousand and one wonderfully outrageous buddy stories I could tell you about Don and Billy and I hanging out in Harlem, in the West Village of Manhattan, and on the road from New York to Rhode Island. But you don't have enough time in your [article] for that. So here I'll simply say that my being there and watching all of this come together and sometimes having the opportunity to discuss aspects of the stories with Don or Billy or both... those were some of the most exciting times I had in those years. Why is T'Challa such a seminal and enduring character? It seems like I've answered this question 100 times over the years, and I don't know that I’ve said exactly the same thing any two times. Why do I think the Black Panther is such an enduring character? Simply put he's fascinating, dynamic, awe-inspiring, and unique in several ways. Over the many decades we’ve seen stories of Super Heroes who are aliens or of this Earth. You can go back through literary fiction a 100 years or more and find stories of kings from Europe and from fantastic worlds and fictional worlds and alien worlds. And yes, some African kings and queens have been mentioned, but seldom have they been brought into a situation where their land is rich in minerals, superior in technology, brilliant in education, environmental and scientific awareness, with a multi-generational lineage of strength, integrity and isolationism rather than conquest. And almost never has that king or queen [been a] Super Hero who has then ventured out into the rest of the world and fought against or alongside some of the greatest powers on the planet. That in and of itself is unique. T'Challa, the Black Panther, is not bombastic. He is not ego-driven, maniacal or misogynistic. He is ethical, and vulnerable, and committed to his people and to a code moral or otherwise. He will sacrifice himself for the greater good. These are admirable traits in anyone, and yes they existed in Black people throughout history, but the population of this planet has been systematically starved of such images. Up until this character appeared in popular fiction one had to dig deep into family tales and specifically generated publications for Blacks and African Americans to find anything about characters like this. What is the legacy of this work? You have to understand that Don doing “Panther’s Rage” the way he did was unique—it was not the every issue norm. And so it stood out for a number of reasons, not the least of them being it's about a Black hero in a predominantly Black world. No “Sheena” running around in leotards with blond hair and blue eyes telling the dark skin folks what to do. In the 1970s that was still amazing. What is your favorite moment from “Panther's Rage”? It's more the fact that the story is so genuine and multi-leveled that appeals to me. From the Black Panther against Killmonger and Cadaver, to Monica Lynne, an African American woman trying to deal with the attitudes being shown to her by the Africans in Wakanda. People in this story respond like people. But they're people in an extremely extraordinary circumstance. It's science fiction and fantasy all over the place except where the characters are dealing with one another as human beings. Love, hate, honor, mistrust, twisted loyalties, fear, envy and revenge—these are all human characteristics and traits that we as people can identify with. And that's what I enjoyed the most about “Panther’s Rage.” It was a comic book series that I could read like one of the best novels. And that was a gift at that time. https://www.marvel.com/articles/comics/alex-simmons-black-panther-history-marvel-unlimited Re: HEF of BP - Black authors imagine new tales for new 'Black Panther' anthology « Reply #161 on: March 18, 2021, 09:02:07 pm » Black authors imagine new tales in the 'Black Panther' world in anthology 'Tales of Wakanda' Felecia Wellington Radel “Black Panther: Tales of Wakanda” (Titan, 512 pp., ★★★ out of four), available March 9, is a collection of short stories from Black authors including Nikki Giovanni, L.L. McKinney, Sheree Renée Thomas, Tananarive Due and Christopher Chambers. You won’t need kimoyo beads for this trip to Wakanda. What sets this anthology apart from other works on Wakanda, the fictional African country, is that it’s a compendium of prose, not comics. There’s plenty of opportunity for the text to take you wherever it wants without constraint of an illustrated box, and the authors have distinct writing styles honed from their respective disciplines, such as poetry, blogging, neuroscience and YA fiction. 'Black Panther: Tales of Wakanda' is a collection of short stories based in the Marvel Comics fictional African nation. The 18 shorts in this collection seem connected by two defining themes: faith and family. Book editor Jesse J. Holland's tale, titled “Faith,” frames itself around bloodlines, religion and legacy. The book isn’t solely built on the foundations of the 2018 film “Black Panther,” directed and co-written by Ryan Coogler, though the collection is dedicated to Chadwick Boseman, who played Black Panther/King T’Challa and died in 2020 from colon cancer. Perhaps the Marvel Cinematic Universe movie served as inspiration for the writers, but these characters are more clearly drawn from their comic origins. But, comic fans, don’t expect this anthology to read like a text-only continuation of Roxane Gay’s excellent “World of Wakanda,” either. That 2017 Marvel Comics series focused on women in Wakanda, specifically two women who served in the Dora Milaje, the Black Panther’s all-female security force. There are glimpses of lives lived by Ororo (X-Men’s Storm), Killmonger, Shuri and relatives of Wakandan citizens who left their native land long ago. In "Legacy," by YA fiction writer L.L. McKinney, a young girl named Erika is preparing to visit Wakanda, where her grandmother grew up, for the first time with her family. The tiny tale is so fully lived, as we see Erika's sweet interactions with her mom and hilarious ones with her brother in their trip to the airport. We witness as she learns a secret about her grandmother and Wakandan history. The mystery that McKinney sets up could easily have been an action-packed novel on its own. Poet Nikki Giovanni's "Immaculate Conception," a "What If?" Marvel alternate reality story, follows T'Challa in a coming-of-age tale as he finds his way to Wakanda after growing up in Oakland, California. He has never heard of the nation nor the Black Panther, and he goes by the nickname TC to avoid teasing for his African name. Giovanni's story about T'Challa's journey hits home in a way that other stories about him don't because of his American experiences before he finds out he is Wakandan royalty and his aspirations away from the throne. The comic-book-related details may, unfortunately, be a barrier to entry for new or younger fans who came to Black Panther by way of the big screen. Some names may be unfamiliar, and some rivalries may not be understood without a quick Google search for those who haven’t at least glanced at the “Black Panther” comic book runs by Christopher Priest or Ta-Nehisi Coates. But many of the stories center on the author’s vision of T’Challa, the prince, the panther, but not always the hero here. T’Challa seems unsure in nearly each story, less the confident Avenger and more a royal troubled by his path and his actions, seeking deeper meaning in his ancestors. T’Challa is viewed through a lens of judgment, or even rebuke for Wakanda’s failure to help Black people around the world for centuries. But his conflicts aren’t ever explored as directly as they could be, the stories simply hinting at them and then dancing into a fight scene. Leave us wanting more, I guess. It would have been nice to spend more time exploring the daily life of Wakanda, more tales from outside the royal family, about Wakandans who have had their vibranium blessings without the burden of the crown. What are their stories? Some of the most compelling plots in “Tales of Wakanda” involve those who left Wakanda or those whose descendants are returning. Maybe there are more tales to come. For now, the best stories in this anthology should sate fans longing for the next “Black Panther” installment from Marvel Studios. Wakanda forever. https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/books/2021/03/09/black-panther-tales-of-wakanda-marvel/6868879002/ Re: HEF of BP - A look at Wakanda - the Jabari Lands « Reply #162 on: April 06, 2021, 09:33:28 pm » 12 Years A Slave Screenwriter John Ridley To Write New Black Panther May 4, 2021 by Rich Johnston Bleeding Cool has learned from our sources that Oscar-winning screenwriter John Ridley, and creator of The Next Batman for DC Comics, will be launching a new Marvel Comics project in August 2021, drawn by exclusive Marvel Comics artist and current Guardians Of The Galaxy penciller, Juann Cabal, beginning in August. Welcome to Wakanda, John and Juann! The new Black Panther series will replace the current series which has been written by Ta Nehisi-Coates for five years. John Ridley is best known as the screenwriter of Twelve Years A Slave, but also wrote about the British Black Panthers in the Sky TV series Guerilla, starring Idris Elba, Freida Pinto, and Babou Ceesay. After writing comic books The American Way, The Authority and Warblade for DC/Wildstorm some years ago, he recently returned to writing comic books with The Other History Of The DC Universe, The Next Batman, Second Son, and other related series, in which he introduced the world to Tim Fox, son of Lucius Fox, as the new Batman to replace Bruce Wayne in the suit. He also recently made his Marvel debut with Wolverine: Black White & Blood. In previous years, DC Comics would have likely locked John Ridley down to an exclusive contract, but these are different times. And Marvel Comics has swooped. Juann Cabal is best known for working on Marvel Comics titles, including All-New Wolverine, Elektra, Friendly Neighborhood Spider-Man, X-23, Wolverine & Deadpool, and is currently the artist on Guardians Of The Galaxy. https://bleedingcool.com/comics/12-years-a-slave-screenwriter-john-ridley-to-write-new-black-panther/ Re: HEF of BP - 12 Years A Slave writer John Ridley To Write New Black Panther Comic Just the fact that this guy ain't Redjack? Is makin me mad. Redjack=best choice for BP right now. Has John Ridley ever written a strong, unenslaved, brilliant Afrikan character? Has John written a powerful Tim Fox, and/or a dope Batman so we can at least have reason to believe he might do T'Challa right? I never read Wolverine: Red White and Blood. Who's read it and what are your thoughts? The article I read on the Wolverine RWAB didn't even MENTION John Ridley. After having such high hopes for and being so so sooooo bitterly disappointed by TurnCoates? I vomit in my mouth and shudder like I'm bukked nekkid while caught in a ice storm on Pluto at the thought of yet another famous novelist heading toward Black Panther, when we have GENIUS writers like Redjack [ and OH YEAH some guys named RH and CJP and...you get the idea ] already here and already proven. « Last Edit: May 05, 2021, 01:55:59 am by supreme illuminati »	cc/2023-06/en_head_0047.json.gz/line30
__label__cc	0.718507	0.281493	Bright Colours, Great Singing: Music from All Over the World By: International Federation for Choral Music In: Choral World News Report on the Rimini International Choral Competition By Giorgio Morandi, journalist and singer Cardinal Angelo Scola, Archbishop of Milan, recently quoted a comment by Father Bernard Lonergan, that art brings out beauty, splendour, glory, and majesty; that little extra something which is found in all things but which disappears if you say that the moon is only earth and the clouds only water. This is a clear definition of the experience one undergoes when face to face with a work of art. The same is true of music, especially choral music, and this was what really came about at the Rimini International Choral Competition in October 2011. The importance of singing together is often and widely discussed. Singing together means making a huge effort to collaborate with others in order to produce something, as a group, which would be impossible for the single individual to obtain. A group of singers, be they professionals or amateurs (in the true sense of the word, that they love making music, as the great choir conductor Mino Bordignon always used to say) is a brightly coloured group reflecting to perfection the world we live in: black, white, Latino, and Asian; Roman Catholics, Protestants, Moslems and Jews; small children, young people, adults and seniors; conservatives, liberals, independents and…fans of five o’clock tea. This is a unique and characteristic feature of the choral world; and this is just what was seen in Rimini from the 6th-9th October 2011 when the Rimini International Choral Competition took place for the fifth consecutive year. This highly respected event enjoys the patronage of the European Parliament, the President of the Italian Republic, the Emilia Romagna Region, the Province and Municipality of Rimini, FENIARCO (the Italian Federation of Regional Choral Associations), AERCO (the Emilia Romagna Regional Choral Association) and Fondazione Carim (Rimini Savings Bank). Regina Coeli Choir from Cavite, Philippines; Renalie d.C Aquino, conductor Twenty-nine choirs were admitted to the competition (but the choirs applying were considerably more than 29) coming mainly from Europe (18 choirs), but also from Russia (four choirs), South America (Argentina and Mexico, two choirs) and one choir from South Africa, the country which – through the Ekurhuleni Children’s Choir (from Ekurhuleni, Gauteng, South Africa) – won the City of Rimini Grand Prix. The Ekurhuleni Children’s Choir also won first place in Class C, Children’s and Youth Choirs, and Class D, Folk and Gospel Choirs. The Rimini International Choral Competition was organised by the Musica Ficta Association, Rimini; the artistic director was Prof. Andrea Angelini, who said “This event is not just about choirs competing against one another; the intention is to bring to the notice of the public the features and diversities of each group and each repertoire. And the competition takes place in the splendid setting of this ancient Roman city, famed for its beautiful beaches but deserving of even greater renown for its many vestiges of a glorious history.” To organise an event like this is a mammoth task, but the Artistic Director was able to call on a team of volunteers coordinated by the secretary for the event, Ms Annamaria Fonti, and a team of judges formed by musicians Milan Kolena (from Slovakia – President of the Jury), Lorenzo Donati, Matteo Unich, Stojan Kuret, Ilario Muro and Fabio Pecci. For our readers’ information, here follows the complete list of the various classes included in the Rimini International Choral Competition, and the guidelines followed by the judges. The classes included are as follows: A – Equal Voice Choirs (Male or Female) B – Mixed Voice Choirs C – Children’s and Youth Choirs (Male, Female, Mixed) D – Folk or Spiritual/Gospel Choirs (Male, Female, Mixed) X – City of Rimini Grand Prix (the choirs competing in this class were those who had already won first or second place in classes A, B and C above). The judges’ criteria were as follows: – intonation – fidelity to the score – sound quality – programme choice – overall artistic impression The event was greatly enriched by a number of collateral musical activities: In the afternoon of Saturday, October 8th, the choirs, conducted by Prof. Angelini, provided the music for evening Mass at Sant’Agostino Church in Rimini; In the evenings of Thursday 6th, Friday 7th, and Saturday 8th October, all the participating choirs were given the option of singing in non-competitive concerts at the Novelli Theatre in Rimini, which was also the competition venue. For this occasion, choirs were asked to present four pieces of music different from those chosen for the competition itself. And on Saturday evening, some of the choirs took part in a concert in the nearby town of Riccione. The final concert in which the winning choirs competed for the City of Rimini Grand Prix was honoured by the presence in the audience of the President of ECA (the European Choral Association Europa Cantat) and President of FENIARCO Mr Sante Fornasier; the President of AERCO Mr Fedele Fantuzzi; and Ms Monique Lesenne, President of the Flemish Choral Association, from Belgium. What more can I say, given the tyranny exercised by limitations of page space? How can anyone express, in just a few lines, the overwhelming tide of information, images, emotions and sensations flooding minds and hearts? Minds amazed by the multitude of people from all around the world, hearts overcome by such a wonderful sight and such a musical – and especially choral – marvel. The whole event was indescribable, and the emotions it aroused will long remain. How could anyone not be affected by it all? www.riminichoral.it info@riminichoral.it Class A – Equal Voice Choirs (Male or Female) CHAMBER CHOIR OZARENIE – Moscow (Russia) VOKALNA SKUPINA SOLZICE GS BREZICE – Brežice (Slovenia) JUGENDCHOR KONSERVATORIUM WINTERTHUR – Winterthur (Switzerland) Class B – Mixed Voice Choirs MIXED CHOIR ODMEV – Kamnik (Slovenia) PERBANAS INSTITUTE CHOIR – Jakarta (Indonesia) ITS STUDENT CHOIR – Surabaya (Indonesia) Class C – Children’s and Youth Choirs (Male, Female, Mixed) EKURHULENI CHILDREN’S CHOIR – Ekurhuleni Gauteng (South Africa) RODNIK CHAMBER CHOIR – Moscow (Russia) CHILDREN’S CHOIR CONSONANCE – Moscow (Russia) Class D – Folk or Spiritual/Gospel Choirs (Male, Female, Mixed) City of Rimini Grand Prix: EKURHULENI CHILDREN’S CHOIR (Ekurhuleni, Gauteng, South Africa), conducted by Christine Dercksen. Other prizes awarded: Best Director: BUDI SUSANTO YOHANES, ITS Choir – Surabaya (Indonesia) Best Chamber Group (not more than 12 singers): VOCAL GROUP OCTACHORD – Rijeka (Croatia) Translated from the Italian by Gillian Forlivesi Heywood, Italy Previous Post: World Youth Choir Sings for the Nobel Peace Prize Winners Next Post: World Youth Choir	cc/2023-06/en_head_0047.json.gz/line32
__label__wiki	0.866902	0.866902	Around Town 1 Classical Concerts Gyeonggi Philharmonic Master Series XI Seoul Arts Center The Gyeonggi Philharmonic Orchestra, founded in 1997, was originally formed to spread classical culture throughout Gyeonggi Province. They quickly spread their reach nationwide and even began to perform internationally just 10 years later. They are currently led by Director Massimo Zanetti, who joined this ensemble in 2018. He has worked with orchestras worldwide such as the Czech Philharmonic and the New Zealand Symphony and has participated in several studio recordings. Violinist Lee Ji-yoon will be the featured soloist at this performance. Lee studied music at the Korean National University of Arts and the Hochschule fur Musik in Berlin, and has performed all over the world. The program for this concert will include the Brahms Violin Concerto as well as a Beethoven Symphony. Tickets cost 10,000 won to 60,000 won. For more information, visit ticket.interpark.com or call (02) 1544-1555. The National Chorus of Korea: Poulenc and Ravel The National Chorus of Korea (NCK) was founded in 1973, and is the country's first professional chorus. Each year the group performs five regular concerts, with this being its 179th subscription concert. The NCK has been recognized internationally and has been invited to perform abroad in places such as Japan and Germany. For this concert, they will be performing "Messe en Sol Majeur & Gloria" by Poulenc, and "Trois Chansons" by Ravel. The chorus will be led by Yoon Eui-joong, who became artistic director of the NCK in 2017. Big Tickets My Delight: Holly's Coffee Festival 2019 Nanji Hangang Park This fall, Holly's Coffee, one of Korea's major coffee shop brands, will be hosting a music festival at the Han River. It will be a one-day event with various Korean artists. The lineup includes Gummy, Zion.T, 10cm, Eric Nam, Jung Seung-hwan, Soran and Stella Jang. A tour will also take place from 1 p.m., with performances starting at 2 p.m. and taking place until the evening. Festival-comers will be able to enjoy music, food, and diverse coffee-related activities. Tickets cost 30,000 won. For more information, visit ticket.interpark.com or call (02) 1544-1555. BTS World Tour 'Love Yourself: Speak Yourself' Jamsil Sports Complex As the final leg of its "Love Yourself: Speak Yourself" World Tour, BTS will be performing in Seoul. The seven-member group first debuted in 2013 and instantly gained attention for its synchronized choreography and hip-hop-influenced music that touched upon societal issues. The group has reached international fame, with over 15 million albums sold. They reached No.1 on the Billboard 200 chart three times in a year, a feat that only two other groups have ever achieved in history. The group was also the first K-pop group to be nominated for a Grammy Award and speak at the United Nations, both huge milestones for the Korean music industry. Tickets cost 110,000 won. For more information, visit ticket.interpark.com or call (02) 1544-1555. Rachel Yamagata Yes24 Live Hall American singer-songwriter Rachael Yamagata began her solo career in 2001. Prior to that, she was part of the group Bumpus for six years as a vocalist. She released her first studio album in 2004 and has since then released three more full-length albums, six mini-albums and many singles. Yamagata has collaborated with some of the world's most famous artists including Jason Mraz and Mandy Moore, and has also recorded tracks for many TV shows and films such as "How I Met Your Mother," "30 Rock" and "Dear John." Tickets cost 99,000 won to 110,000 won. For more information, visit ticket.interpark.com or call (02) 1544-1555. Pop and Jazz Grand Mint Festival 2019 Oct. 19 and 20 There will be a two-day music festival held at Olympic Park this October featuring a wide range of Korean artists. On day 1, artists such as Day6, ADOY, and Daybreak will be performing while on day 2 N.Flying, Crush and Eric Nam will take the stage along with other artists. Over 10 artists are set to perform each day. There will be a total of four stages at the festival to accommodate all of the performers: the Mint Breeze Stage, Club Midnight Sunset, Loving Forest Garden and Cafe Blossom House. The festival provides a diverse range of music genres such as folk, pop and indie and will be a perfect autumn festival that will appeal to music lovers of all backgrounds. "City of Angels" will be staged at the Chungmu Arts Center until Oct. 20./ Courtesy of SEM Company Plays & Musicals Chungmu Arts Center Until Oct. 20 Set in Hollywood in the 1940s, "City of Angels" is a musical with two simultaneous storylines, one in reality, the other within a film. Stine is a young writer who has been assigned to write a screenplay for a mystery drama film. The musical follows his journey while at the same time showing the screenplay. The vibrant Hollywood reality juxtaposes with the black-and-white detective film, making for an exciting and dynamic musical storyline. The musical debuted on Broadway in 1989 and has won numerous awards such as the Tony Awards. Kwanglim Arts Center "Cyrano" the musical is based on the 1897 book by Edmond Rostand. It takes place in Paris in the 17th century and is about Cyrano, an extremely talented poet. Cyrano is in love with Roxane, a beautiful woman, but has a rival suitor, Christian, who is also Cyrano's friend. Christian does not realize Cyrano's affection for Roxane, and turns to him for help in using words to court her. The musical hit Broadway for the first time in 1973 and has since then been a well-loved show for audiences around the world. KEPCO Art Center From Oct. 5 to Dec. 1 "Dracula" is a Czech musical which made its debut in 1995 in Prague. The opening plot is set in 1462 in Transylvania, where Count Dracula lives with his beloved wife Adriana. When Archbishop van Helsing orders Adriana and Dracula's son to be killed, Dracula becomes furious and wreaks havoc on Transylvania. He becomes immortal and must live out the fate of a vampire, resulting in centuries of misery. The plot takes a turn when, 400 years later in Paris, Dracula encounters Adriana once again. The role of Dracula will be played by Shin Sung-woo, Im Tae-kyung, Um Ki-joon, and Ken from VIXX. D-Cube Arts Center Aug. 24 to Nov. 17 This musical first hit the stage in Japan in 2006 and is based on an original story by Shusaku Endo. It was adapted into a musical by lyricist Michael Kunze and composer Sylvester Levay. The story revolves around two women, the queen of France and a poor woman named Margrid Arnaud. Taking place in the late 18th century, the musical shows how the French Revolution drastically changed the status of these two women. Marie Antoinette will be played by Kim So-hyun and Sophie Kim, while Margrid Arnaud will be played by Chang Eun-ah and Kim Yeon-ji. The National Dance Company of Korea will perform 'Vortex' at the LG Art Center from Oct. 3 to 5./Courtesy of National Dance Company of Korea National Dance Company of Korea: Vortex LG Art Center Oct. 3 to 5 The Korea National Contemporary Dance Company (KNCDC) was first established in 1962, and seeks to present contemporary genres while retaining traditional dance roots. For this performance, they will be showing Vortex by Tero Saarinen from the Netherlands, who has been dancing and choreographing since 1985. This work will incorporate dynamic movements, music and lighting to simulate a vortex, giving audiences an exciting and stimulating experience. A total of 20 dancers will be onstage for this performance. The National Gugak Center is holding Korean traditional dance and music performances throughout 2019. /Courtesy of National Gugak Center Saturday Performances National Gugak Center Throughout 2019 Every Saturday at 3 p.m., the National Gugak Center holds a performance showcasing traditional Korean music and dance. This series will take place all throughout 2019. Each week the series will exhibit the works of various gugak artists. Performances throughout the month of August will include the piri, pansori and sanjo. There will also be a traditional fan dance at the end of the month. Tickets cost 10,000 won to 20,000 won. For more information, visit www.gugak.go.kr or call (02)-580-3300. Kim Kyung-ho and the Sejong Gugak Orchestra Gwacheon Citizen Hall Kim Kyung-ho is known as one of Korea's most legendary rock artists. He first stepped into the music scene by participating in a KBS talent competition and released his debut album in 1995. He has garnered lots of attention for his wide vocal range, which covers four octaves, and has released 10 studio albums along with several mini-albums. Kim has won many prestigious music awards including the Golden Disk Awards and has also been active as a television personality. For this performance, he will be standing onstage with the Sejong Gugak Orchestra, which started in 1992 and has since then given almost 2,000 performances both domestically and abroad. The performance will be led by conductor Park Sang-woo, who earned his master's degree in conducting at Hanyang University and also studied at Italia Firenze Scuola di Musica Il Trillo. Tickets cost 25,000 won. For more information, visit gugak.go.kr or call (02)-580-3300. Club Octagon Nonhyeon Located near the New Hilltop Hotel in Nonhyeon, Club Octagon is notable for its stylish interiors and elite clientele. The club features a performance stage, lounge bar and dining area and is the perfect place to unwind on a night out after work or on the weekend. It is near exit 4 of Hakdong Station on Line 7. For more information, call (02) 516-8847. Club Globe Lounge Club Globe Lounge is famous among women looking for a place to throw birthday parties or enjoy a light dinner. From 7 p.m. to 10 p.m., it serves as a bar, changing into a club after 10 p.m. Every Thursday, Club Globe Lounge has a Happy Hour buffet for guests. Club Globe Lounge is located near the Hamilton Hotel by exit 2 of Itaewon Station on Line 6. For more information, call (02) 792-1127. Club Evans Club Evans is a live music club that has served as a platform for emerging jazz artists for a decade. It also operates jazz recording studios, where it produces albums for many local jazz artists, and a jazz academy. Club Evans holds jazz concerts and music sessions every Monday and Tuesday. Opening at 7:30 p.m., Club Evans is located near exit 1 of Sangsu Station on Line 6. For more information, visit clubevans.com or call (02) 337-8361. Apgujeong Once in a Blue Moon, one of the best-known jazz clubs in the city, features live jazz sets from two different bands every night, usually starting at 7:30 p.m. It is located between the Hakdong Intersection and Galleria Department Store in Apgujeong. For more information, visit onceinabluemoon.co.kr or call (02) 549-5490. Cheongdam Cheongdam brings to partygoers its latest club, opened on Aug. 24, 2018. Its new facilities have a modern vibe. The club plays both EDM and hip-hop music and has already had a guest performance by trending hip-hop artist Sik-K at its opening party. Visit fb.com/official.clubvibe for more information. coin1234@snu.ac.kr More articles by this reporter	cc/2023-06/en_head_0047.json.gz/line34
__label__wiki	0.697063	0.697063	Indispensable Liberty The Fight for Free Speech in Nineteenth-Century America Edited by Mary M. Cronin Paperback (Other formats: E-book) 310 pages, 6 x 9, 22 illustrations Most Americans today view freedom of speech as a bedrock of all other liberties, a defining feature of American citizenship. During the nineteenth century, the popular concept of American freedom of speech was still being formed. In An Indispensable Liberty: The Fight for Free Speech in Nineteenth-Century America, contributors examine attempts to restrict freedom of speech and the press during and after the Civil War. The eleven essays that make up this collection show how, despite judicial, political, and public proclamations of support for freedom of expression, factors like tradition, gender stereotypes, religion, and fear of social unrest often led to narrow judicial and political protection for freedom of expression by people whose views upset the status quo. These views, expressed by abolitionists, suffragists, and labor leaders, challenged rigid cultural mores of the day, and many political and cultural leaders feared that extending freedom of expression to agitators would undermine society. The Civil War intensified questions about the duties and privileges of citizenship. After the war, key conflicts over freedom of expression were triggered by Reconstruction, suffrage, the Comstock Act, and questions about libel. The volume’s contributors blend social, cultural, and intellectual history to untangle the complicated strands of nineteenth-century legal thought. By chronicling the development of modern-day notions of free speech, this timely collection offers both a valuable exploration of the First Amendment in nineteenth-century America and a useful perspective on the challenges we face today. Mary M. Cronin is an associate professor in the department of Journalism and Mass Communications at New Mexico State University in Las Cruces. She is the co-author of The Mass Media: Invention, Development, Application, and Impact and has published numerous essays and articles. Contributors include Jon Bekken, David W. Bulla, Sandra Davidson, Nancy McKenzie Dupont, Joseph Hayden, Lee Jolliffe, Paulette D. Kilmer, Erika J. Pribanic-Smith, Debra Reddin van Tuyll, and Janice R. Wood. “As An Indispensable Liberty so clearly demonstrates, freedom of speech is one of the signal pillars of a healthy democracy. And yet, though this freedom is proclaimed by the First Amendment, many judicial, political, and sociocultural issues had to be addressed in the nineteenth century before it could be reified as legal right. In sum, this worthy volume’s underlying narrative is the ongoing challenges to the voices of a nation yearning to be truly free.”— David Abrahamson, Northwestern University “An Indispensable Liberty’s strong contribution to our knowledge of the fight for freedom of expression in the nineteenth century and the quality of its scholarship will be welcomed by a number of audiences.”— David B. Sachsman, director of the Symposium on the 19th Century Press, the Civil War, and Free Expression and holder of the West Chair of Excellence in Communication and Public Affairs at the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga " An Indispensable Liberty relates valuable stories of how individual journalists coped with all manner of official and public hostility to their dedicated pursuit of free expression."—Civil War Book Review Editorializing "The Indian Problem" Robert Hays. Foreword by: Paul Simon Judging Lincoln Frank J. Williams. Foreword by Harold Holzer. Epilogue by John Y. Simon Changes in Law and Society during the Civil War and Reconstruction Edited by Christian G. Samito Lincoln and the Constitution Brian R. Dirck The Greatest and the Grandest Act Abraham Lincoln and Horace Greeley Gregory A. Borchard	cc/2023-06/en_head_0047.json.gz/line36
__label__wiki	0.570064	0.570064	Distribution of household assets in Croatia Marina Kunovac* Marina Kunovac Affiliation: Croatian National Bank, Zagreb, Croatia marina.kunovac@hnb.hr Received: October 21, 2019 \| Accepted: February 24, 2020 \| Published online: September 1, 2020 Structure of households in gross and net sample and in the overall population Gross sample Net sample Number of randomly selected occupied dwellings in the strata* % share Number of respondent households in HFCS Number of occupied dwellings in population Central Croatia, city, HMR < 120 square meters Central Croatia, municipality, HMR < 120 square meters City of Zagreb, HMR < 120 square meters Eastern Croatia, city, HMR < 120 square meters Eastern Croatia, municipality, HMR < 120 square meters Adriatic Coast, city, HMR < 120 square meters Adriatic Coast, municipality, HMR < 120 square meters Cities of Split and Rijeka, HMR < 120 square meters Central Croatia, city, HMR > 120 square meters Central Croatia, municipality, HMR > 120 square meters City of Zagreb, HMR > 120 square meters Eastern Croatia, city, HMR > 120 square meters Eastern Croatia, municipality, HMR > 120 square meters Adriatic Coast, city, HMR >120 square meters Adriatic Coast, municipality, HMR > 120 square meters Cities of Split and Rijeka, HMR > 120 square meters Note: Geographical location “Adriatic Coast” includes the following counties: Primorje-Gorski Kotar, Lika-Senj, Zadar, Šibenik-Knin, Split-Dalmatia, Istria and Dubrovnik-Neretva. Geographical location “Eastern Croatia” includes the following counties: Sisak-Moslavina, Karlovac, Bjelovar-Bilogora, Virovitica-Podravina, Požega-Slavonia, Brod-Posavina, Osijek-Baranja and Vukovar-Srijem. Geographical location “Central Croatia” includes the following counties: Zagreb, Krapina-Zagorje, Varaždin, Koprivnica-Križevci and Međimurje. Source: ECB and author’s calculations. Components of Household Assets and Liabilities Components of net assets Share of households, in % Median, in EUR thousands Mean, in EUR thousands Share in total value of assets/liabilities (1) Real assets Main residence (85%) Other real estate Other valuables Self-employment business assets* (2) Financial assets Sight accounts Voluntary pension funds/ whole life insurance Money owed to household Other types of financial assets (3) Liabilities Mortgage debt for main residence for other real estate Non-mortgage debt Credit lines/overdrafts Other non-mortgage loans (1+2) Gross assets ((1+2)-3) Net assets Note: Self-employment business assets means any household-owned component of real assets (real estates, vehicles or valuables) used in running a self-employment business. Gross assets are calculated as the sum of real and financial assets. Net assets equal the amount of gross assets net of household liabilities. Since the survey has been harmonised across EU member states, its values are expressed in euros. Median and means are calculated for the households that own a certain category of assets. Distribution of net assets, in EUR thousands Topology of household assets (most important components), share of households Source: ECB and author's calculations. Lorenz curve for real, financial and net assets and income Socio-demographic characteristics of households and quintiles of net assets, in % Joint distribution of income and net asse Household main residence – tenure status and deciles of net assets, in % Way of acquiring the household main residence and deciles of net assets, in % Regional heterogeneity of households with regard to the value of net assets Comparison of net asset percentiles for a household in the region and at the level of Croatia Note : Geographical location “Adriatic Coast” includes the following counties: Primorje-Gorski Kotar, Lika-Senj, Zadar, Šibenik-Knin, Split-Dalmatia, Istria and Dubrovnik-Neretva. Geographical location “Eastern Croatia” includes the following counties: Sisak-Moslavina, Karlovac, Bjelovar-Bilogora, Virovitica-Podravina, Požega-Slavonia, Brod-Posavina, Osijek-Baranja and Vukovar-Srijem. Geographical location “Central Croatia” includes the following counties: Zagreb, Krapina-Zagorje, Varaždin, Koprivnica-Križevci and Međimurje. Probability of positioning a household in a certain net asset quintile Net asset quntiles Income per quintiles -0.20* -0.08 HMR Characteristics (inheritance and location) Inheritance_HMR HMR_City of Zagreb HMR_Primorje HMR_Central Croatia Socio-demographic characteristics of reference person Sex (male) Unemployed/non-active 0.13** 35-45 age group 65+ age group Number of children in household Number of household members -0.02* Indicators of debt burden Mortgage for HMR Willingness to take risks * Generalized ordered probit model, marginal effects Note: Symbols *, and * indicate statistical significance of 99%, 95% and 90% respectively. Reference categories: for income – Income_5quintile group for the HMR location – _HMR location Eastern Croatia; for labour market status – Employed; for educational attainment – Primary education or no education, for age – Up to 34 years of age. Table A4 Comparison of socio-demographic characteristics of households* Information on the reference person EU SILC Labour market status Non-active/unemployed Average household size (no.of individuals) Information on main residence * Comparison of the Household Finance and Consumption Survey (HFCS) and the EU Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU SILC) for 2016. Note: Information on the reference person for the HFCS was calculated by using the estimated weights and all five versions of data imputations. Information on the reference persons for the EU-SILC was taken from the Eurostat data. Source: ECB and Eurostat (EU SILC). Gini coefficient for subcomponents of real and financial assets Main residence Self-employment business assets Voluntary pension/life insurance Total annual gross income Gross assets Net asset quintiles Income per quintiles (OECD) * Generalized ordered probit model, marginal effects, income quintiles adjusted for the number of household members according to the OECD equivalence scale Reference categories: for income – Income_5quntile group for the HMR location – _HMR location Eastern Croatia; for labour market status – Employed; for educational attainment – Primary education or no education, for age – Up to 34 years of age. Income per quintiles > EUR 1,300 * Generalized ordered probit model, marginal effects, sample excludes the households that reported annual gross income lower than EUR 1,300 and the accompanying income and net asset quintiles modified accordingly Least squares estimator (Models 1 and 2) and ordered probit (Model 1) Ordered probit model log (annual gross income) log (annual gross income)^2 log (age) Wald thest for homogeneity of coefficients chi2 Prob>chi2 Note: The Model 2 of the least squares estimator includes the income square due to the non-linear effect of income. The Model 3 is an ordered probit model (homogeneous coefficient for different categories of the dependent variable). The results of the Model 3 show the estimated model coefficients rather than marginal effects. The Table also shows the results of the Wald test that rejects the homogeneity assumption (parallel line assumption test). 2 Implementation of the survey 3 Main components of household assets and liabilities8 4 Inequality in the distribution of household net assets 5 Analysis of the main determinants of inequalities in distribution of net assets 5.1 Methodology – the generalized ordered probit model 5.2 Main results This paper analyses the main components and distribution of household net assets in Croatia on the basis of the data from the Household Finance and Consumption Survey (HFCS) by taking into account different socio-demographic characteris¬tics of households. The main results indicate that real assets are widely distributed among households, whereby 85% of households own the household main resi¬dence. Financial assets and liabilities account for larger share among wealthier households. The analysis of the main determinants establishing the position of an individual household in distribution of assets has additionally highlighted the importance of the household main residence (HMR). Households with inherited HMR are less likely to be positioned in the lowest net asset quintile. In addition, households with HMR in the city of Zagreb or on the Adriatic Coast are more likely to be in higher asset quintile groups. The survey has also found that the level of household income, educational attainment, labour market status and age of the household reference person affect the probability of positioning a household in a certain net asset quintile. Keywords: survey data; Household Finance and Consumption Survey (HFCS); net household assets; household inequality; intergenerational transfers; Croatia JEL: D1, D31, C35 Potential inequality in distribution of different types of assets among households should be considered when designing public policies, such as monetary, macroprudential and other public policies (tax, demographic, social and regional policy). In that sense, monetary policy may have a reallocation effect on households depending on initial distribution of income, assets and liabilities among households and their exposure to the interest rates channel (Auclert, 2017; Tzamourani, 2019). Macroprudential policy contributing to maintaining stability of financial system at the same time may also affect distribution of assets among households (Carpantier, Olivera and Van Kerm, 2017). For these reasons, implementation of monetary policy and design of macroprudential measures to maintain financial stability should be accompanied by the analysis of inequality in distribution of household assets. Inequality among households in Croatia has previously been analysed on the basis of income data only (e.g. Nestić, 2005; Rubil, 2013; Rubil, Stubbs and Zrinščak, 2018). The following paper builds upon the existing literature on inequality in distribution of household income and provides an analysis of distribution of household assets in Croatia. The analysis is based on the data collected in the Household Finance and Consumption Survey (HFCS) that the Croatian National Bank (CNB) first carried out on a sample of households in Croatia in mid 2017. The survey covered detailed data on household real and financial assets, liabilities, income, consumption and other socio-demographic characteristics of households. text This paper brings new insights into distribution of different components of household net assets and the main determinants that establish relative position of an individual household in terms of distribution of net assets. Prior to the survey, the analysis of household assets in Croatia completely depended on aggregate data sources such as financial accounts that contained the data on total financial assets and liabilities, but did not include information on distribution of assets and liabilities and inequality among households. In addition, researchers did not have adequate data source for analysis of household real assets. Apart from detailed analysis of distribution of household assets, the paper analyses the main determinants establishing the position of a household in the distribution of net assets by using the generalized ordered probit model. To the author’s knowledge, the analysis of determinants affecting the position of a household in the distribution of net assets has not yet been carried out in Croatia. On the other hand, this has been a subject of extensive literature for the euro area counties (e.g. Du Caju, 2103; Sierminska and Medgyesi, 2013; Kontbay-Busun and Peichl, 2015; Leitner, 2015; Fessler and Schürz, 2015; Arrondel, Roger and Savignac, 2014) on the basis of the HFCS data from the two previous survey waves. The analysis has found inequality in distribution of certain asset categories among Croatian households. Real assets account for a large share of household total assets, much more than in other EU countries, given that 85% of households own the household main residence (HMR).2 The median value of the main residence amounts to 66 thousand euros and it makes up the bulk of total net household assets. Significant inequality was observed in terms of financial assets because only a certain portion of households own substantial financial assets. The median value of household financial assets stands at 500 euros. The results of descriptive analysis have pointed to variation in distribution of total net household assets, depending on different socio-demographic characteristics, income, real asset ownership and geographic location. With regard to the determinants establishing the position of a household in the distribution of net assets, results of the generalized ordered probit model indicate a correlation between a household position in distribution of income and assets, but its statistical significance and intensity varies depending on the position of a household in the income distribution. This result is robust for different specifications of household income. The way the HMR was acquired helps to explain the probability of having a certain household in a certain asset quintile in case of lower asset levels, but it is not significant for determining the probability of positioning a household in higher net asset quintiles. The analysis has also emphasised the importance of geographical location of the HMR, whereby, all other factors being equal, households with the main residence in the City of Zagreb or on the Adriatic Coast are much more likely to be in higher net asset quintiles compared with households with the main residence in Eastern Croatia. In addition, educational attainment, labour market status and age very much affect the probability of positioning a household in a certain net asset quintile. In that respect, households with more educated and older reference persons and households with self-employed reference person are more likely to be wealthier. The structure of the paper is as follows: the second chapter includes basic information on the technical implementation of the survey and survey design. The third chapter covers detailed information about the main components of net assets: real and financial assets and liabilities, their distribution among households and values. Inequality in distribution of net assets among households, taking into account different socio-demographic characteristics of households, is discussed in the fourth chapter, whereas the fifth chapter includes the econometric model to establish which household characteristics affect the probability of having a household in a certain net asset quintile. Finally, the sixth chapter gives an overview of the main survey conclusions. The Croatian National Bank ordered the Household Finance and Consumption Survey (HFCS) and it was implemented by the Ipsos market research agency in cooperation with the Croatian Bureau of Statistics (CBS). The survey questionnaire was designed within the ECB research network and it was harmonized across EU member states. The survey, covering 2016, was carried out in Croatia from March to June 2017. The stratification of private households from the population to the gross sample was carried out in two stages.3 The first stage included stratification of segments according to occupied dwellings in spatial units of the country (belonging to the same municipality (city) or neighbourhood in the case of the City of Zagreb, in accordance with the enumeration areas from the 2011 Population Census). The segments were then divided into two groups depending on the size of the dwelling (up to 120m2 and over 120m2). In the second stage of sample stratification, the segments were divided according to the geographical location as follows: Adriatic Coast, Eastern Croatian and Central Croatia and according to the types of administrative units (city or municipality). Cities of Zagreb, Split and Rijeka formed separate strata. In this way, 16 different strata were obtained. After obtaining the strata, a certain number of segments proportional to their size were selected within each stratum. In this way, households had equal probability of selection, irrespective of the stratum they were assigned to. All in all, 16 strata contained 800 segments from 552 settlements. Finally, five occupied dwellings were randomly selected from each segment and this corresponds to the sample of 4000 occupied dwellings of 4070 households (according to the 2011 Census) that were included in the survey gross sample. Vermeulen ( 2014; 2016) has shown that non-response due to wealth status may lead to underestimation of total assets estimated by the survey. To reduce the problem of non-response among wealthier households, Vermulen ( 2016) suggests oversampling of richer households by using some kind of measurement of household wealth as a selection criterion. In case of the HFCS for Croatia, for the purposes of the survey sampling process, the size of the dwelling (in square meters) was used as a measurement of household assets. Households with dwellings over 120m2 were thus represented in higher numbers, accounting for 25% of the gross sample. At the same time, they make up 10% of the overall population. In addition, households from the City of Zagreb, Split and Rijeka were also overrepresented in the gross sample (35% of the gross sample compared with 25% of the population) since, according to results from previous surveys, these cities were known for their low response rates. These methods were used to minimize underrepresentation of richer households in the sample.4 The Computer Assisted Personal Interview – CAPI method was employed in the survey. A total of 1357 households from the gross sample took part in the survey so the response rate amounted to 33%. Given the relatively high unit non response and heterogeneity of response rate in different population segments (see Table 1), the net sample was weighted5. The calculation of weight takes into account the probability of selection of households and heterogeneity of responses among different segments of population. Furthermore, all weights were additionally weighted to reflect age and sex distribution of population according to the 2011 Census. Stochastic multiple imputation was used to compensate for the item non response that may be registered in the net sample of households. According to the ECB recommendations, the missing data within the net sample were imputed by using the €MIR methodology that implies that responses are missing at random so the missing data are replaced by several different values obtained by the estimates from the stochastic model6. This methodology allows for several different final survey versions, the only difference being imputed values of the missing data. The sampling, weighting and imputing processes as described in the text above were carried out by the CBS in accordance with the guidelines of the ECB’s Household Finance and Consumption Network (HFCN). A total of five imputed survey versions with the accompanying weights were submitted to the CNB. Detailed information about the sample selection, survey implementation, questionnaire design and imputation and weighting of the results will be available in Jemrić and Vrbanc ( 2019). Additional information on the net sample is presented in the Appendix in Table A4. The results presented in the paper underwent a statistical process as described in Boes ( 2006), designed for processing of multiple imputed data in Stata. In addition, the estimated weights were used in the descriptive analysis, but they were not applied in the estimation of the econometric model.7 The Table 2 shows the main components of household real and financial assets and liabilities. For each category of assets and liabilities under consideration, the data on the share of households with a certain category of assets/liabilities in the overall population are given, as well as their mean and median values. In addition, the Table 2 shows participation rate of each particular component in the total value of assets/liabilities, reflecting the relative importance of different categories of assets and liabilities for households. The presented values of all components of assets and liabilities reflect households’ subjective estimates that may not match real market values. The figures shown in the Table 2 indicate that 98% of Croatian households own some kind of assets (real or financial) with the median value of 67 thousand euros. Of this, real assets account for 97% of the total asset value and financial assets for the remaining 3%. On the other hand, when interpreting these figures, it is important to note that the survey strongly underestimates the value of financial assets, because, according to financial accounts, the value of household-owned financial assets is approximately seven times higher. Yet, other data collected by the survey that allow for comparison with other data sources (e.g. the socio-demographic characteristics of households, the total income value and the share of household main residence ownership) are in line with the figures recorded in alternative dana sources (Jemrić and Vrbanc, 2019)). Real assets portfolio includes different types of household-owned real estate, vehicles and other valuables (valuable jewellery, artwork, antiques etc.). A detailed analysis of components of real assets shows that, in terms of value, the HMR accounts for the largest share, i.e. 75% of the value of total real assets. In general terms, 85 % of households own the household main residence. The median value of the HMR amounts to 66 thousand euros. By comparing the data with those collected in the EU in the second survey wave (2013), one can observe higher participation rate of the household main residence in Croatia compared to other EU countries (where an average of 62% of households owned the HMR the median value of which stood at 165 thousand euros). On the other hand, similarly high share of HMR can be observed in other countries that implemented privatization of socially owned housing stock in the 1990s (Estonia, Slovenia, Slovakia – ECB, 2016). More detailed analysis of HMR ownership data for Croatia shows that, of 85% of households with the main residence, 77% own the whole residence and the remaining 8% own some part of it. Also, renters account for 6% of households, whereas 9% use the HMR though they are not real owners. Substantial differences were observed among households in terms of how the HMR was acquired. In that respect, 36% of households built it, 34% inherited it or received it as a gift, 28% purchased it and the remaining 2% acquired it through a combination of these options. In respect of other components of household real assets, the survey results show that 23% of households own other real estate property whose median value was significantly lower compared with the HMR and stood at 20 thousand euros. Also, 69% of households owned vehicles whose median value amounted to 4 thousand euros per household. In terms of self-employment business assets, 5% of households reported it. Its median value was 25 thousand euros, compared to the substantially higher mean value of 209 thousand euros, which means that selfemployment business assets significantly contribute to the overall inequality. Household financial assets are very homogeneous, in line with the results of the previous HFCS waves that found lack of diversification of financial assets in countries below the euro area average, such as Estonia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Portugal, Malta and Greece (Merikull and Room, 2016: 4). According to the survey results for Croatia, the median value of financial assets is 500 euros per household. Deposits account for the largest share (reported by 81% of households) with the median value of 300 euros. Highest participation rates were observed for sight account deposits (80%), compared with those for savings account deposits (14 % of households own it). Apart from deposits, other most important components of household-owned financial assets include shares in voluntary pension funds and whole life insurance (6%) and publicly traded shares (5%). Very low participation rates were observed for bonds, mutual funds, money owed to the household and other types of financial assets. Yet, these results should be interpreted with caution, since the aggregated values of financial assets from the HFCS point to seven times lower values compared with those registered in financial accounts. The survey also collected detailed data on the liabilities of Croatian households.9 In that sense, 41% of households are in some way indebted. Mortgage debt (66% of the total debt) is the most significant component of household debt, compared with non-mortgage debt (34%). Despite its high total value, the mortgage debt was not significantly distributed among households since only 9% of households reported it. The median value of the mortgage debt stood at 20 thousand euros. Low share of mortgage debt and high HMR ownership rates may be attributed to the transition process that the Croatian economy went through in 1990s. Back then, the vast majority of population (the elderly of today) acquired the household main residence through privatisation of socially owned housing stock.10 Nonmortgage debt was reported by 36% of households. This type of debt mostly covers credit lines/overdrafts (reported by 27% of households) and other non-mortgage loans, with the median value of 2 thousand euros. Net assets equal the amount of gross assets net of household liabilities. According to the survey results, the median value of household net assets stands at 61 thousand euros. The mean value stands at 107 thousand euros. The Figure 1A shows the distribution of net assets in percentiles, indicating that 5% of the poorest households have almost no assets. The value of net assets gradually increases above the 5th percentile up to the 75th percentile. Above the 75th percentile, the increase becomes more rapid, especially at the distribution tail above the 90th percentile. The Figure 1B shows the topology of most important types of household assets. It indicates that some households own several types of assets, e.g. the household main residence, other real estate and time deposits. However, these households represent a relatively small fraction (6%). Inequality in the distribution of household net assets is presented by using the Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient. In addition, since the existing literature on household inequality in Croatia is based on inequalities due to household income, the paper also presents the Lorenz curve of income on the basis of the data collected by the HFCS. The Lorenz curve is a graphical representation of inequality whereby the horizontal axis represents cumulative share of households and vertical axis cumulative share of household assets. In case of equal distribution of assets, the Lorenz curve would match the diagonal of the square (the so-called line of perfect equality). The lower the level of inequality, the closer the Lorenz curve is to the diagonal line, and vice versa, the higher the level, the farther away the curve is from the baseline. The Gini coefficient is a ratio of the area between the Lorenz curve and the diagonal of the square and the total triangle area below the diagonal line. The Gini coefficient for total household net assets stands at 0.61, which indicates lower inequality in distribution of net assets among Croatian households compared with the euro average since the Gini coefficient for net household assets in the euro area amounts to 0.69, according to the results from the second HFCS wave from 2013 (ECB, 2016). The Figure 2 shows more pronounced inequality in the distribution of financial assets (Gini coefficient of 0.88) compared with inequality in the distribution of real assets (Gini coefficient of 0.59). This is typical of countries with a high share of household main residence ownership (in case of Croatia, 85% according to survey results) that adds to significant prevalence of real assets among house holds.11 Evident inequality in the distribution of financial assets is consistent with the results presented in CNB ( 2016), in which the Lorenz curve shows savings of natural persons in the Republic of Croatia in 2014. The Gini coefficient for individual subcomponents of real and financial assets is presented in the Appendix in Table A5. In terms of income, comparison of the distribution of assets and gross income among households suggests less pronounced inequality in the distribution of gross income compared with inequality in the distribution of real or financial assets (Gini coefficient of 0.51 for income).12 Even though the concept of net income is mostly used in analyses on inequality and welfare, the HFCS collects the data on gross income only, i.e. including taxes and social insurance contributions, so the inequality in gross income is analysed in the remainder of the text. In that respect, the HFCS probably overestimates inequality in the distribution of gross income because a significant number of households reported no income and their annual gross income was zero (7%), whereas, at the same time, some of them possessed valuable assets. Since the total annual gross income includes employment income, rent, income from financial assets, pensions, social transfers or any other sources of income, this result indicates that the actual value of data presented in the responses was deliberately omitted. For this reason, the Gini coefficient for gross income was also estimated for the households whose annual gross income exceeds EUR 1,300 (the selected amount reflects the fact that a single-person household received a monthly minimum of HRK 800, i.e. the amount of the guaranteed minimum benefit (Zakon o socijalnoj skrbi, NN 152/14). The coefficient stands at 0.44. The availability of detailed survey data provides additional evaluation of interconnection between inequality in the distribution of net assets and different household characteristics. The analysis of the main socio-demographic characteristics of the household reference person13, such as sex, educational attainment, age or labour market status, presented in the Figure 3, shows that the educational attainment can be related to the value of net assets and that households with highly educated reference persons have the largest share (30%) of persons with net asset value in the highest, fifth quintile. The share of persons in the highest asset quintile increases in proportion with the reference person’s age and slightly decreases once the reference person retires. In terms of labour market status, self-employed persons stand out given their largest share in the highest asset quintile (over 50% of the selfemployed classified in the fifth net asset quintile). On the other hand, relatively poor households make up the majority among the households with non-active reference persons. In that sense, over 50% of these households are in the lowest net asset quintile. The educational attainment, labour market status and age are also connected with the level of household income, this income being a determinant of the value of net assets, which can be approximated by the savings from current income accumulated through time and increased by intergenerational transfers and gifts (for a detailed discussion, see Du Caju, 2016). The interconnection between income level and inequality in the distribution of net assets among households is shown in the Figure 4A. Top earning households (in the highest income quintile) are also among the wealthiest (40% of them are positioned in highest net asset quintile). Households in the lowest income quintile usually own low-value net assets, yet some of them have assets of high value (17% of households are both in the lowest income quintile and the highest asset quintile). Even though the literature offers several explanations of why some households are in the lowest income quintiles and the highest asset quintiles (such as a high proportion of pensioners in the first income quintile, who, despite having low current incomes, have accumulated a considerable amount of assets, or a potential impact of intergenerational transfers that are not related to the income level), a detailed decomposition of data has shown that these explanations do not apply to Croatian households. As previously explained, in the survey carried out in Croatia, quite a large number of households responded that they did not have income of any kind (7%), and, since, in line with the survey definition, annual gross income includes employment income, rent, income from financial assets, pensions, social transfers or any other sources of income, this result indicates that the actual value of data presented in the responses was deliberately omitted during the interview.14 The Figure 4B therefore shows the distribution of assets and incomes for the households whose annual gross income exceeds EUR 1,300 (the amount of the guaranteed minimum benefit). However, even when households with annual gross income lower than EUR 1,300 are excluded from the sample, one can still observe households with very low incomes and high net asset values. This is why other factors that may affect inequality in the distribution of net assets are also examined. Recent research (Piketty, 2011; Zucman and Piketty, 2015) suggests that, irrespective of income, intergenerational transfers may substantially affect inequality in the distribution of net assets. In that sense, inherited household residence may play a pivotal role. The interconnection between the tenure status in terms of the HMR and the way the main residence, as the most important component of net assets, was acquired, including the total household net asset value, is shown in the Figures 5A i 5B. The Figure 5A shows that households that rent or freely use the main residence are among the poorest. On the other hand, the share of households that own the HMR increases from 5% among households with the lowest net assets to 95% among households whose net assets are the highest. In terms of ways of acquiring the household main residence, the Figure 5B shows that, among households in the lowest deciles of net assets, the largest proportion does not have the HMR, which comes as no surprise since this is the most valuable asset determinant. In the first decile of net assets, only 3% of households inherited the HMR. In other deciles, the share of these households remains relatively the same and amounts to 30% on average. Given the importance of the HMR value in total value of net assets, apart from the tenure status and the way of acquiring the HMR, the geographic location of main residence also has a significant effect on the value of total net household assets. The Croatian real estate market is known for pronounced regional heterogeneity and significant price differences depending on the geographic location of real estate (for more information see Tkalec, Vizek and Žilić, 2018 and CNB, 2019). Other economic trends15 also reflect regional disparities, so the remainder of the paper provides an analysis of household net asset value depending on the geographic location of a particular household. The Figure 6A shows that, on the Adriatic Coast and in the City of Zagreb, over 50% of households can be grouped among the 40% of the wealthiest, while the share of such households in Eastern Croatia is lower than 20%. In that sense, the poorest municipalities in Eastern Croatia stand out. These municipalities have over 60% of households classified among 40% of those with the lowest value of net assets at the level of Croatia. More detailed breakdown of inequality among various geographical locations in Croatia is shown in the Figure 5B, whereby the areas below the slope of 45 degrees in each observed percentile of assets have net asset values lower than those in the sample of the entire country. For instance, a household in the 50th percentile in terms of the net asset value in the municipalities of Eastern Croatia is also in the 30th percentile in terms of the net asset value at the level of Croatia. In other words, an average household in a municipality of Eastern Croatia is much poorer than the Croatian average. On the other hand, a household in the 50th percentile in terms of the net asset value in a geographical area comprising municipalities on the Adriatic Coast is in the 65th percentile in terms of the net asset value at the level of Croatia. One can draw a conclusion that an average household in a municipality on the Adriatic Coast is much wealthier than the Croatian average. These results point to marked regional heterogeneity in terms of the net asset value among households. Descriptive statistics used in this chapter show that the value of total net household assets significantly varies among households, depending on the socio-demographic characteristics and household income, real estate ownership and geographic location of a particular household. However, a descriptive analysis alone cannot give us a more detailed insight into relative significance of different household characteristics and their impact on distribution of net assets among households. This is why an econometric model is used in the next chapter in order to examine in more detail the impact of different household characteristics on inequalities in the distribution of net household assets. The purpose of this chapter is to establish the basic determinants of inequality in the distribution of net household assets.16 In line with the descriptive analysis carried out in the previous chapter, the dependent variable used for measuring inequality in the distribution of net assets is a quintile group for net assets that the household is assigned to with a value of 1 to 5. Explanatory variables are divided into several main categories: The impact of a household relative position in the income distribution on inequality in the distribution of net assets is taken into account by using a set of five dummy variables that take on value 1 if a household is positioned in a certain income quintile. By using the sample of countries that took part in the second HFCS wave, Arrondel, Roger and Savignac ( 2014) have shown that there was no unique link between income and asset distribution. In that respect, in some countries a rise in income implies a rise in household net assets, whereas in others, this link between income and asset distribution changes depending on the household relative position in the asset distribution. Given the importance of HMR value for the total net asset value, as discussed in the previous chapter, the remainder of the analysis includes more detailed information on household main residence. Piketty ( 2011), Zucman and Piketty ( 2015), among others, think that inheritance is crucial for establishing value of household net assets. In addition, the data collected in the two previous HFCS waves (ECB, 2013; 2016) also emphasise the important role of inheritance in establishing value of net assets. This is why the analysis also includes a dummy variable that takes on value 1 if a household reported that they inherited the main residence or received it as a gift. In addition, given the heterogeneity in terms of HMR value among different geographic locations in Croatia, a set of four dummy variables is created, designating the geographic location of household main residence and the household (Adriatic Coast, Central Croatia, Eastern Croatia and the City of Zagreb). Mathä, Porpiglia and Ziegelmeyer ( 2014) use the Oaxaca – Blinder decomposition and show that differences in property prices across euro area countries are the most important factor for explaining differences in household net asset values. Sociodemographic characteristics of households are based on the data on the reference person chosen by household members as the person most informed about household finances. The analysis includes a set of dummy variables for reference person’s age (age groups: 16-34, 35-45, 45-64 and over 65). Hammer ( 2015) has analysed age-specific household balance sheet depending on the reference person’s age and has shown that household assets increase in proportion with the reference person’s age and slightly decreases once the reference person retires.17 Another element used in the analysis is the reference person’s sex. A dummy variable that takes on value 1 if the reference person is male was thus created. Previous research (Sierminska, Frick and Grabka, 2017) has shown that households whose reference person is a man may have higher net asset value. The effect of the reference person’s education was examined by using three dummy variables classifying reference persons into three groups: persons with primary education or with no education, those with secondary education and those with higher education. The effect of the reference person’s labour market status on inequality in the distribution of net assets is measured by using a set of dummy variables assigning reference persons into one of the following categories: self-employed, employed, retired and unemployed or non-active. Lise ( 2011) points to the fact that inequality in distribution of assets is affected by the labour market status, with unemployed and non-active individuals in a significantly disadvantaged position. Socio-demographic characteristics of households include dummy variables that describe household structure, such as total number of household members and number of dependent children, because we expect positive correlation between the total number of household members and the net asset value and negative correlation in terms of number of dependent children in the household. Fessler, Linder and Segalla ( 2014) show that appropriate analysis of net assets should include variables to control for household structure. In addition, the analysis includes other household characteristics, such as the dummy variable measuring household willingness to take risks (that takes on value 1 if a household reported willingness to take substantial or significant financial risks when making savings or investment decisions) and the dummy variable that equals 1 if a household receives some kind of social benefits. Fessler and Schürz ( 2015) and Jappelli ( 1995) show that social services provided by the state are substitutes for private wealth accumulation and households that receive some kind of social benefits have substantially lower net asset values compared with other households. Finally, two dummy variables were used to examine the role of debt in accumulation of net assets for households with mortgage loans collateralised with the household main residence (HMR) and households with consumer debt.18 Apart from the above-mentioned variables, the Appendix Tables A6, A7 and A8 shows the results of the robustness analysis with alternative selection of variables. Since households whose annual income did not exceed EUR 1,300 (Chapter 3) accounted for a relatively high share in the sample, the paper presents the estimates of the model without households with income below EUR 1,300. By using the new sample, the cut-off values were estimated to position each household in the corresponding income and net assets quintiles. The additional robustness analysis was carried out by using an alternative specification of household income adjusted for the number of household members according to the OECD equivalence scale (OECD, 2011). The results of the robustness analysis are in line with the main results of the model. The text below explains the construction of the model used to estimate the effects of the above-mentioned set of explanatory variables on a household position in distribution of net assets. We use the generalized ordered probit model in the econometric estimation. The model is based on a latent dependent variable Ii* defined as: Ii* = Xi βj + εi (1) where i = 1, ..., n indexes the households in the sample and j ϵ {1,2, ..., J} indexes the categories of the probit model. Observable variable Ii can assume the values defined within the set {1,2, ..., J} where J = 5. The observable variable is defined as follows: Ii = 1 if Ii* ≤ K1 Ii = j if Kj–1 ≤ Ii* ≤ Kj for j = {2,..., J – 1} Ii = J if Ii* ≥ Kj–1 where Kj represents estimated cut-off values that position each household in the corresponding net asset quintile. In that respect, the probability that a household i is positioned in one of the J categories reflecting net asset quintile is defined as follows: and Pr (Ii = 1) = F(Xi β1) Pr (Ii = j) = F(Xi βj) – F(Xi βj–1) for j = {2,..., J – 1} Pr (Ii = J) = 1 – F(Xi βj–1) where F equals a normal cumulative distribution function. The generalized ordered probit model is selected as opposed to the ordered probit model as a preferred model specification because it allows for heterogeneous effect of the independent variables on the dependent subject to different categories of dependent variable (Williams, 2006; Green and Hensher, 2010). This is why in the generalized model the estimated parameters βj vary between j categories of the dependent variable (net asset quintiles for households). If we want to have estimated coefficients βj equal for each of j values of the dependent variable categories, the end result would be the ordered probit model. The ordered probit model would assume linear effect of all independent variables on the dependent variable. For instance, the income effect would be equal to establish the probability of positioning a household in both the second and fifth net asset quintile. Since the Wald test of the parallel line assumption rejects the homogeneity assumption for the estimated parameters, it is more appropriate to use the generalized ordered probit model as opposed to the ordered probit model in the analysis (test results shown in the Appendix in Tables A6, A7 and A8). Also, the same tables presents the results of the least squares method estimate with net asset value (log) as the dependent variable. On the other hand, the use of linear regression also assumes linear effect of all independent variables on the dependent variable, but the previous univariate analysis has shown that the structure of relevant household characteristics substantially changes depending on the household position in the distribution of net assets. For these reasons, the generalized ordered probit model was selected as the primary methodological tool because it allows for non-linear effect of independent variable depending on different categories of the dependent variable. The text below presents the main results of the estimate of the generalized ordered probit model as defined in the equation (3). Since the regression coefficients cannot be interpreted as marginal effects within the probit model, the Table 3 presents the marginal effects that show the effect of the unit change of the explanatory variables on the probability of positioning a household in a particular net asset quintile. Given that the marginal effect may differ for different values of explanatory variables, the marginal effect in accordance with the mean value of explanatory variables is thus presented. The main results are presented in the text below. The empirical analysis has confirmed the link between a household position in the distribution of income and net assets. The estimated marginal effects for income mostly have the expected sign. Low income households are more likely to be in lower and less likely to be in higher net asset quintiles. For instance, a household in the first income quintile is 14% more likely to be positioned in the first net asset quintile as well and 20% less likely to be in the fifth (highest) net asset quintile, in comparison with a household in the fifth income quintile. Regardless of a certain connection between income and net asset value, statistical significance and link intensity vary, depending on a household position in terms of the distribution of assets. This leads us to conclude that inequality in distribution of assets can only partially be attributed to the income levels among households and that some other factors, apart from income, may have a relevant impact on a household position in the distribution of net assets.19 The results of the estimated model show that information on the household main residence (HMR) remains significant when establishing a household position in the distribution of net assets. In that respect, inherited HMR decreases the likelihood of positioning the household in the lowest net asset quintile (by 11%) and increases the likelihood of positioning it in somewhat higher net asset quintiles (second and third net asset quintile). On the other hand, the inherited main residence does not affect the likelihood of having a household in the wealthiest quintiles because the results for the fourth and fifth net asset quintile are not statistically significant for this variable. The location of HMR is extremely important to establish a household position in the distribution of net assets. All other factors being constant, households with the household main residence on the Adriatic Coast or in the City of Zagreb are much less likely to be in lower net asset quintiles (second and third quintiles) and more likely to be in higher net asset quintiles (fourth and fifth quintiles) compared with households in Eastern Croatia that make up the reference category. It should be noted, however, that, irrespective of the important effect of geographic location of the HMR on a household position in the distribution of net assets, a location does not have a significant effect on the likelihood of positioning a household in the poorest (first) net assets quintile. This is in line with the previous descriptive analysis that has shown that the majority of households in the lowest net asset quintile do not even own the HMR. In terms of socio-demographic characteristics, the labour market status only partially affects the probability of positioning a household in a certain net asset quintile. For instance, households with self-employed persons are 24% less likely to be in the poorest quintile and 23% more likely to be in the wealthiest net asset quintile compared with households with an employed reference person. This is in line with the findings of the descriptive analysis that point to high values of selfemployment business assets and inequality of its distribution among households. In terms of other categories of labour market status, the results have the expected sign but they are not statistically significant. The only exception are households with a retired reference person that are 9% more likely to be in the highest net asset quintile in comparison with households with an employed reference person. Households with higher educational attainment and older age of the reference persons are more likely to be positioned in higher asset quintile. For example, highly educated reference persons and those with secondary education are (19% and 14% respectively) less likely to be in the poorest quintile and (20% and 12% respectively) more likely to be in the highest net asset quintile compared with reference persons with primary education or no education. Households with older reference persons (+65) are much less likely to be in the poorest net asset quintile and more likely to be in the wealthiest net asset quintile in comparison with households whose reference person is below 35. A similar effect, though somewhat more moderate, was also observed for households with middle aged reference person (45-64 age group). The analysis has also emphasised the importance of household characteristics for its position in the distribution of net assets with households with more children and fewer household members more likely to be in poorer net asset quintiles and vice versa. Finally, the results have shown that households that reported perceived willingness to take financial risks are more likely to be in the highest net asset quintile whereas households that receive social benefits and indebted households are more likely to be in poorer net asset quintiles (whereby households with consumer debt are more likely to be in the lowest net asset quintile). The household finance and consumption survey (HFCS) was used in this paper to analyse the distribution of household net assets and its main components. The results reveal moderate inequality in the distribution of net assets among Croatian households. Inequality in possession of financial assets measured by the Gini coefficient is more pronounced than in case of real assets because only a certain portion of households own substantial financial assets. The median value of households’ financial assets stands at EUR 500. Real assets account for a large share of households’ total assets and 85% of households own the household main residence (HMR) that makes up the bulk of households’ total net assets with 66 thousand euros in median value. The value of total net household assets considerably varies among households depending on their different social and demographic characteristics, income, real asset ownership and geographic location. The results of the econometric model indicate that interaction of numerous factors affects a household position in the distribution of net assets. In that sense, the importance of HMR stands out. The main residence represents the most significant component of value of net assets, especially in terms of the way it was acquired and geographic location. Households with inherited HMR are less likely to be positioned in the lowest net asset quintile. In addition, households with HMR in the City of Zagreb or on the Adriatic Coast are more likely to be in higher asset quintile groups. Households with higher income and educational attainment and older age of the reference persons are more likely to be positioned in highest net asset quintiles. The same effect was found for financial risk taking and self-businesses (self-employment) because these characteristics were linked to the likelihood of having a household in highest net asset quintiles. On the other hand, households with more children, those that receive social benefits and those with poorly educated and younger reference person are most likely to be in the poorest net asset quintiles. In that sense, this paper represents the first attempt to estimate inequality in the distribution of assets in Croatia and the accompanying factors affecting it. As a follow-up, it is crucial to compare the collected data with other survey and administrative data sources (tax administration, CBS) and continue with systematic collection of assets data and further research in terms of inequality in the distribution of assets given that there are currently few analyses of this type in Croatia. * The author wants to thank the two anonymous referees, as well as Maja Bukovšak, Vedran Šošić, Krunoslav Zauder, Mate Rosan, Ervin Duraković, Lana Ivičić and Ivica Rubil for their useful comments and suggestions. I would like to express my gratitude to Mrs Frédérique Savignac from the HFCN, the co-author in the paper by Arrondel, Roger and Savignac ( 2014) for providing a part of the Stata module to integrate generalized ordered probit models with multiple imputed and weighted data. This paper presents the views of the author and should not be interpreted as reflecting the views or opinions of the Croatian National Bank. 1 The Household Finance and Consumption Survey (HFCS) was carried out in coordination with the Euro¬pean Central Bank. The European Central Bank has already coordinated two previous HFCS waves, the first one in the 2008-2010 period and the second in 2013. Since Croatia entered the EU in July 2013, the CNB joined the survey in the third wave. 2 By comparing the data with those collected in the EU in the second survey wave (2013), one can observe higher participation rate of the household main residence in Croatia compared to other EU countries (where an average of 62% of households owned the HMR the median value of which stood at 165 thousand euros (ECB, 2016)). 3 According to the HFCS methodology prescribed by the ECB, the survey did not cover institutional households. 4 Recent studies (e.g. Blanchet, Flores and Morgan, 2018) indicate that the combination of survey and tax data represent the most detailed adjustment in case of underrepresentation of richer households in wealth surveys. The authors propose a statistical procedure that combines survey income microdata and tax data on the num¬ber of taxpayers by income brackets, which gives a new adjusted dataset with new weights and observations with adjusted income values. At the same time, all the other survey data remain consistent. 5 To take into account unequal probability of participation in the sample among households. 6 Models for estimation of missing values for particular variables are pre-defined within the HFCN. 7 A similar approach was applied in Arrondel, Roger and Savignac ( 2014) and Georgokoponus ( 2019). Weights are based on the data on geographic distribution of households and respondents’ age and sex. Controlling for these variables in the model is achieved by their direct inclusion in the regression. 8 The selected parts of the Chapter were presented in CNB ( 2019). 9 Details on household liabilities collected in the HFCS are described in the CNB ( 2019) and Rosan and Zauder ( 2019). Household debt distribution in Croatia had previously been analysed by Herceg and Šošić ( 2011) and Herceg and Nestić ( 2014). However, these analyses were based on the Household Consumption Survey of the CBS. The survey included micro debt data and the main socio-demographic characteristics of households. On the other hand, the data on assets (real or financial) were not available. 10 Privatization of the socially owned housing stock was implemented in accordance with the Act on the Sale of Apartments with Tenancy Rights (Zakon o prodaji stanova nad kojima postoji stanarsko pravo, NN 27/91). 11 Austria is is an interesting example in that sense where inequality in the distribution of financial assets is lower than inequality in the distribution of real assets, given the low share of main residence ownership (45%). For more details, see Fessler, Linder and Schurz ( 2019). 12 The data from the CBS Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (SILC) for 2016 point to somewhat lower income inequality in Croatia, but in case of the CBS SILC, the Gini coefficient is significantly lower and stands at 0.3 (CBS, 2017). The results are not completely comparable because the Gini coefficient from CBS SILC covers net income, whereas all the data collected in the HFCS relate to gross amounts, i.e. includ-ing taxes and social insurance contributions. 13 The reference person is the one chosen by household members as the person most informed about household finances. 14 Income components included in the definition of the annual gross income and components of all the other variables whose values are collected in the survey are available in CNB ( 2019). 15 For more details see Christiaensen et al. ( 2019). 16 Selection of dependent variables and methodological approach is similar to those presented in Arrondel, Roger and Savignac ( 2014), Martinez and Uribe ( 2018) and Georgokoponus ( 2019). 17 In line with the life-cycle hypothesis according to Modigliani and Brumberg ( 1954). 18 For the discussion on the effect of debt and different types of social benefits on inequality in the distribu¬tion of assets, see Maestri, Bogliacino and Salverda ( 2014). 19 Other research has also backed this result (e.g. Arrondel, Roger and Savignac, 2014; Leitner, 2015). No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author. Arrondel, L., Roger, M. and Savignac, F., 2014. Wealth and income in the euro area Heterogenity in households' behaviour. ECB Working Paper, No. 1709. Auclert, A., 2017. Monetary policy and the redistributional channel. NBER Working Paper, No. 23451 [CrossRef] Blanchet, T., Flores, I. and Morgan, M., 2018. The Weight of the Rich: Improving Surveys Using Tax Data. WID.world Working Paper, 2018/12. Boes, S., 2006. REGOPROB: Stata module to estimate random effects generalized ordered probit models. Statistical Software Components S456604. Boston: Boston College Department of Economics. Carpantier, J. F., Olivera, J. and Van Kerm, P., 2017. Macroprudential policy and household wealth inequality. Society for the Study of Economic Inequality, Working Paper, ECINEQ WP 2017 – 442. CBS, 2017. Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (SILC), 2016 Indicators of Poverty and Social Exclusion in 2016. Zagreb: Croatian Bureau of Statistics. Christiaensen, L. [et al.], 2019. Jobs Challenges in Slavonia, Croatia – A Subnational Labor Market Assessment. World Bank Group, Jobs Working Paper No. 35 [CrossRef] CNB, 2016. Financijska stabilnost, No. 16. Zagreb: Croatian National Bank. Du Caju, P., 2013. The distribution of household wealth in Belgium: initial findings of the second wave of the Household Finance and Consumption Survey (HFCS). National Bank of Belgium, Economic Review, pp. 27-43. ECB, 2013. The eurosystem household finance and consumption survey, Results from the first wave. ECB Statistic Paper Series, No. 2. ECB, 2016. The Household Finance and Consumption Survey: results from the second wave. ECB Statistic Paper, No. 18. ECB, 2016a. The Household Finance and Consumption Survey, Wave 2, Core and derived variables catalog. December 2016. Fessler P., Lindner P. and Schurz M., 2019. Eurosystem Household Finance and Consumption Survey 2017 for Austria. Monetary Policy & the Economy, Oesterreichische Nationalbank (Austrian Central Bank), Q4(18), pp. 36-66. Fessler, P. and Schürz, M., 2015. Private Wealth across European Countries: The role of income, Inheritance and the Welfare State. ECB Working Paper, No. 1847. Fessler, P., Linder, P. and Segalla, E., 2014. Net Wealth Across the Euro Area –Why Household Structure Matters and How to Control for It. ECB Working Paper, No. 1663. Georgakopoulos, I., 2019. Income and Wealth in Malta: Evidence from Micro Data. Central Bank of Malta, WP 3-2019. Green, W. and Hensher, D., 2010. Modeling Ordered Choices. New York: Cambridge University Press [CrossRef] Hammer, B., 2015. The ownership of assets and the role of age: Agespecific household balance sheets for euro area countries. Ageing Europe, Working Paper, No. 9. Herceg, I. and Nestić, D., 2014. A New Cluster-Based Financial Vulnerability Indicator and Its Application to Household Stress Testing in Croatia. Emerging markets finance and trade, 50(5), pp. 60-77 [CrossRef] Herceg, I. and Šošić, V., 2011. The Anatomy of Household in Croatia: Enlisting More Creditworthy Households or Relaxing Lending Standards? Comparative Economic Studies, 53, pp. 199-221 [CrossRef] Jappelli, T., 1995. Does social security reduce the accumulation of private wealth? Evidence from Italian survey data. Ricerche Economiche, 49, pp. 1-31 [CrossRef] Jemrić, I. and Vrbanc, I., 2019. Anketa o financiranju i potrošnji kućanstava. In preparation.	cc/2023-06/en_head_0047.json.gz/line38
__label__wiki	0.930517	0.930517	Independence— the grand illusion! Bernard Wiltshire Attorney-at-Law Bernard Wiltshire makes his point with total conviction. Dominica and other former colonies never achieved true Independence. As he sees it, the colonial powers duped former colonies. They simply replaced colonialism with "globalization" — a more scientific and indirect type of tyranny. "Globalisation is a new form of colonialism!" Wiltshire declared. Furthermore, he insists that there is no hope of true independence under the current policies of Dominica's President Charles Savarin and Prime Minister (PM) Roosevelt Skerrit. From what he sees of the leadership of these two gentlemen, Wiltshire contended that they seem determined to keep Dominica under the perpetual control of one neo-colonial power or another. Perhaps Wiltshire's passionate views are based on his work at the forefront of Dominica's Independence movement in the 1970s, eager for Dominica to break the colonial shackles of Britain. "In point of fact, the original response of the Dominican government was to oppose it…both [former PM] Patrick John and [late former PM] Eugenia Charles…their first response was to oppose Independence," he declared. "Patrick opposed independence on the grounds that the British just wanted to shunt us off with nothing at all . . . Eugenia opposed it because she felt that would enable the Labour people to take over the land of her 'planter class'," he argued. But Wiltshire was convinced it was high time for to Dominica break free from the exploitation of direct colonialism. The 1970s was a season of radical social change in the developing world, he recalled. "Dominica's condition was abysmal…it was very important that we became independent … took our chances in the rest of the world and looked after ourselves," he said. "When we realized — myself and Rosie [late former PM Roosevelt Douglas] — that the government was going to oppose Independence, we decided to go to the public and to create a mass movement for Independence," he recalled. They set up the popular Independence committees, which set about educating people about the meaning of Independence and inspiring them to embrace the concept of national self-determination. Wiltshire acknowledged that many older folks steeped in the colonial mindset did not readily embrace the Independence movement, but the idea ignited and became a burning flame in the minds of Dominican youths. He recalled lobbying the Jamaican Government for support and, at his behest; the Jamaicans sent a cable to the British Government supporting Independence for Dominica. Wiltshire also organised a demonstration in New York against the British Consulate, demanding Independence for his native land. During the demonstration, he said, the British consul invited the demonstrators inside to find out more about their demands, and then told glibly told them that they were "pushing an open door". He said the anti-colonial movement was at its zenith when then PM Patrick John made the 'Salisbury Declaration' to pursue Independence. In the face of the popularity of the pro-Independence movement, Eugenia Charles' only option was to follow suit despite her colonial inclinations, Wiltshire opined. Wilshire lamented that E.O. Leblanc — former Premier of Dominica, co-founder of the Dominica Labour Party, trade union movement pioneer and consummate nationalist — was not invited to the Independence celebrations in 1978. "Leblanc…told me that one of the things that hurt him the most, on the day of Independence in 1978, he was compelled to go under the stage where all the dignitaries were… "He and his wife had to shelter from the rain under the stage . . . because there was no room made for them on the stage," Wiltshire recalled. He feels strongly about this slight because he thinks Leblac — a staunch anti-imperialist and strong 'working class' advocate — deserves great credit for Dominica's Independence. In Wiltshire's view, then PM Patrick John didn't understand what the modern world was about and made several controversial decisions that were not in the interest of Dominica. Then came Eugenia Charles, whom Wiltshire described as an old-fashioned colonialist bereft of genuinely nationalistic ideas. To Wiltshire, Dominica's situation has consistently declined since 'so-called Independence' and the survival of the flagging economy is now dependent on passport sales. Wiltshire is adamant that no form of capitalism based on rapacious exploitation of the working class will ever work in Dominica. Instead, he believes Dominica should focus on investing in its people, working towards food security, producing renewable energy and creating equitable distribution of resources and income. Agriculture should be prioritized with the incorporation of modern, knowledge-based agricultural practices. Good health care is important, in addition to tax reforms and redistribution of wealth to reduce the glaring disparities between rich and poor are also essential, he said. "I am not a communist… but I certainly do think that it is wrong to have income disparities that are so huge," Wiltshire said. Wiltshire said Dominica reflects a perverse system in which most of what small nations like Dominica earn is paid off in debt to neo-colonial nations. Therefore, he is absolutely resolute in his assertion that the current socio-economic situation and its origins have nothing to do with genuine Independence.	cc/2023-06/en_head_0047.json.gz/line48
__label__wiki	0.622757	0.622757	Move (change location) ↖Saint Pete Beach ↗Gulfport ↗Saint Petersburg ↗West and East Lealman ↗Pinellas Park ↖Seminole ↘Palmetto ↘Bradenton ↘South Bradenton ↖Largo ↘Bayshore Gardens ↖Clearwater ↗Safety Harbor ↗Sun City Center ↗Greater Sun Center ↖Dunedin ↗Tampa ↘Sarasota ↗Town 'n' Country ↗Oldsmar ↗Westchase ↗Egypt Lake-Leto ↗Riverview ↘Fruitville ↖Palm Harbor ↘Sarasota Springs ↗Citrus Park ↘Bee Ridge ↗Carrollwood Village ↗East Lake IUCN Category Ib, Parks in Manatee County, Florida, Parks in Hillsborough County, Florida, Visitor attractions in the Tampa Bay Area, Piers in Florida, State parks of Florida, Protected areas established in 1994, Florida state park stubs, Hillsborough County, Florida geography stubs, Hidden categories:, Articles with a promotional tone from May 2015, All articles with a promotional tone, Wikipedia articles needing style editing from May 2015, All articles needing style editing, Coordinates on Wi... Skyway Fishing Pier State Park is a Florida State Park located on the north and south sides of the mouth of Tampa Bay. When the new Sunshine Skyway Bridge was built on I-275 (US 19) after one part of the old bridge collapsed due to a ship collision, the approaches to the old bridge were turned into the longest fishing pier in the world. The bridge is lit at night, and the park is open 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. The most common activity is fishing. Common catches include snook, tarpon, grou... IUCN Category V, Forts on the National Register of Historic Places in Florida, Ghost towns in Florida, Parks in Pinellas County, Florida, National Register of Historic Places in Pinellas County, Florida, Florida in the American Civil War, Military and war museums in Florida, Museums in Pinellas County, Florida, Former populated places in Pinellas County, Florida, Great Florida Birding Trail, Beaches of Pinellas County, Florida, Hidden categories:, Coordinates on Wikidata, Official website not in... Fort De Soto Park is a park operated by Pinellas County on five offshore keys, or islands lying to the citys south-southwest: Madelaine Key, St. Jean Key, St. Christopher Key, Bonne Fortune Key and the main island, Mullet Key outside the city of St. Petersburg, Florida. The keys are connected by either bridge or causeway. The island group is accessible by toll road from the mainland. Historically, the islands were used for military fortifications, and remnants, as well as a museum, exhibit this ... St. Pete Beach is a coastal city in Pinellas County, Florida, United States, famous for its status as a tourist destination. St. Pete Beach was formed from the towns of Pass-a-Grille, Belle Vista, St. Petersburg Beach and unincorporated Pinellas County. At the time of its incorporation in 1957, its name was St. Petersburg Beach. On March 9, 1994, locals voted to officially change the name to the shorter version of St. Pete Beach, to distinguish it from the city of St. Petersburg a few miles to t... Cable-stayed bridges in the United States, Toll bridges in Florida, Bridge disasters in the United States, Bridge disasters caused by collision, Bridges completed in 1954, Bridges completed in 1969, Bridges completed in 1987, Buildings and structures in Hillsborough County, Florida, Buildings and structures in Manatee County, Florida, Buildings and structures in St. Petersburg, Florida, Landmarks in Florida, Tolled sections of Interstate Highways, Transportation in the Tampa Bay Area, Road bridg... The Bob Graham Sunshine Skyway Bridge is a bridge spanning Tampa Bay, Florida, with a cable-stayed main span, and a total length of 21,877 feet (4.1 miles or approximately 6.67 km). It is part of I-275 (SR 93) and US 19 (SR 55), connecting St. Petersburg in Pinellas County and Terra Ceia in Manatee County, Florida, passing through Hillsborough County waters. Construction of the current bridge began in 1982, and the completed bridge was dedicated on February 7, 1987. The new bridge cost $244 mill... The Center for Advanced Technologies (CAT) is a public magnet program in St. Petersburg, Florida, attached to Lakewood High School and part of the Pinellas County Schools district. Its primary focus is mathematics, science, and technology. It is a member of the National Consortium for Specialized Secondary Schools of Mathematics, Science and Technology (NCSSSMST) and is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools. In its May 28 issue, Newsweek magazine ranked CAT at 24 in its ... Law schools in Florida, Education in Pinellas County, Florida, Stetson University, Educational institutions established in 1900, Historic Florida architecture 1989 AIA survey listings in Pinellas County, Buildings and structures in Pinellas County, Florida, Hidden categories:, CS1 errors: dates, Articles needing additional references from May 2009, All articles needing additional references, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2013, All articles containing potentially dated sta... Stetson University College of Law, founded in 1900 and part of Stetson University, is Floridas first law school. Located in Gulfport, Florida (moving to the city in 1954 from its original location in DeLand, Florida). The law school occupies a historic 1920s resort hotel, the Rolyat Hotel, designed by Richard Kiehnel. The College of Law is accredited by the American Bar Association and has been a member of the Association of American Law Schools. The college also has a campus in Tampa, Florida w... Boyd Hill Nature Preserve is a 245-acre (99 ha) protected area in St. Petersburg, Florida, Pinellas County, Florida. The preserve is located on the shores of Lake Maggiore (Florida) in south St. Petersburg. It is operated by St. Petersburg Parks and Recreation and includes the Boyd Hill Environmental Center, a bird-of-prey aviary, and more than three miles of trails through a variety of ecosystems. Facilities include a playground and picnic areas. The preserve is used for school field trips and ... Treasure Island Causeway, part of County Road 150, is a series of three bridges (the outer ones fixed, the middle one a bascule drawbridge) crossing Boca Ciega Bay between Treasure Island and St. Petersburg in Pinellas County, Florida. The bridge is owned and maintained by the City of Treasure Island, which used to charge all motorists $1.00 toll, until June, 2006, when the first span of the bridge was reopened with no toll booth. Residents of two St. Petersburg waterfront communities (Causeway ... Archaeological sites in Florida, Parks in Pinellas County, Florida, Spanish Florida, National Register of Historic Places in Pinellas County, Florida, Geography of St. Petersburg, Florida, Colonial United States (Spanish), Florida Native American Heritage Trail, Visitor attractions in St. Petersburg, Florida, Mounds in Florida, Tampa Bay Area Registered Historic Place stubs, Pinellas County, Florida geography stubs, Hidden categories:, Articles sourced only to NRIS from November 2013, All articl... Educational institutions established in 1898, National Register of Historic Places in Pinellas County, Florida, High schools in Pinellas County, Florida, School buildings completed in 1926, Historic Florida architecture 1989 AIA survey listings in Pinellas County, William B. Ittner buildings, Public high schools in Florida, Hidden categories:, Pages with citations lacking titles, Pages with citations having bare URLs, Use mdy dates from March 2015, Articles needing additional references from Dec... The University of South Florida St. Petersburg (USFSP), commonly known as USF St. Pete, is a separately accredited institution in the University of South Florida System, located in downtown St. Petersburg, Florida by the Tampa Bay waterfront. As part of a multi-institutional system, USF St. Petersburg retains a separate identity and mission while contributing to and benefiting from the associations, cooperation, and shared resources of the USF System. The campus is bounded by the Salt Creek Mari... National Register of Historic Places in Pinellas County, Florida, Buildings and structures in St. Petersburg, Florida, Historic Florida architecture 1989 AIA survey listings in Pinellas County, S. H. Kress & Co., Tampa Bay Area Registered Historic Place stubs, Pinellas County, Florida geography stubs, Hidden categories:, Articles sourced only to NRIS from November 2013, All articles sourced only to NRIS, Coordinates on Wikidata, Commons category template with no category set, Commons categor... Visitor attractions in the Tampa Bay Area, Salvador Dalí, Museums in St. Petersburg, Florida, Art museums in Florida, Surrealism, University museums in Florida, Biographical museums in Florida, Art museums established in 1982, Institutions accredited by the American Alliance of Museums, Museums devoted to one artist, Buildings and structures completed in 2011, Cultural infrastructure completed in 2011, Hidden categories:, Coordinates on Wikidata, All articles with unsourced statements, Articles... 1965 establishments in Florida, 2004 disestablishments in Florida, American Basketball Association venues, Buildings and structures demolished in 2004, Defunct basketball venues in the United States, Defunct indoor arenas in the United States, Music venues in Florida, Defunct indoor soccer venues in the United States, Ice hockey venues in Florida, Miami Floridians, Sports venues completed in 1965, Sports venues in St. Petersburg, Florida, Tampa Bay Rowdies, North American Soccer League (1968–8... National Register of Historic Places in Pinellas County, Florida, Buildings and structures in St. Petersburg, Florida, Historic Florida architecture 1989 AIA survey listings in Pinellas County, Post office buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Florida, Tampa Bay Area Registered Historic Place stubs, Pinellas County, Florida geography stubs, Hidden categories:, Orphaned articles from May 2015, All orphaned articles, Articles sourced only to NRIS from November 2013, All articles... The Mahaffey Theater - Duke Energy Center for the Performing Arts is a performing arts facility and concert hall centrally located on the downtown waterfront in St. Petersburg, Florida. The facility first opened in May 1965. The 2,031-seat facility features European box-style seating, elegant ballroom space and spectacular views of Tampa Bay. Just steps and minutes away from world-famous museums such as the Dali Museum and the Museum of Fine Arts and white sandy beaches, The Mahaffey hosts natio... Tampa Bay Rowdies, North American Soccer League stadiums, Sports venues in St. Petersburg, Florida, Grapefruit League venues, Atlanta Braves spring training venues, New York Yankees spring training venues, St. Louis Cardinals spring training venues, New York Giants (NL) spring training venues, New York Mets spring training venues, Baltimore Orioles spring training venues, Tampa Bay Rays spring training venues, Soccer venues in Florida, Sports venues completed in 1947, Hidden categories:, All art... St. Petersburg, Florida, Cities in Pinellas County, Florida, Populated places on the Intracoastal Waterway in Florida, Populated places on Tampa Bay, Populated places established in 1876, Port cities and towns of the United States Gulf Coast, Port cities in Florida, Cities in Florida, Hidden categories:, CS1 errors: dates, Use mdy dates from February 2012, Coordinates on Wikidata, All articles with unsourced statements, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2015, Articles with unsourced... St. Petersburg is a city in Pinellas County, Florida, United States. As of the 2013 census estimate, the population was 249,688, making St. Petersburg the 4th most populous city in the state of Florida and the largest city in Florida that is not a county seat (the city of Clearwater is the county seat). St. Petersburg is the second largest city in the Tampa Bay Area, after Tampa, composed of roughly 2.8 million residents, making it the second largest Metropolitan Statistical Area in the state. I... Jannus Live (originally known as Jannus Landing) is an outdoor music venue in St. Petersburg, Florida. Located in the Downtown St. Petersburg Historic District, the courtyard venue has hosted numerous concerts for local and mainstream artists. The venue was founded in 1984 by Bob Barnes & bill Pendergast & GENE BRYANT and was named after pilot, Tony Jannus. In 2009, the venue was renovated and opened later in March 2010 under a new owner Jeff Knight Jannus Live and management. The venue is cited... Library buildings completed in 1915, Public libraries in Florida, National Register of Historic Places in Pinellas County, Florida, Carnegie libraries in Florida, Buildings and structures in St. Petersburg, Florida, Historic Florida architecture 1989 AIA survey listings in Pinellas County, Education in Pinellas County, Florida, Visitor attractions in St. Petersburg, Florida, Hidden categories:, Coordinates on Wikidata, Commons category template with no category set, Commons category with page ti... The St. Petersburg Public Library (also known as the Mirror Lake Library or Carnegie Library) is a Carnegie library built in 1915 in Beaux-Arts style. It was one of 10 Florida Carnegie libraries to receive grants awarded by the Carnegie Corporation of New York from 1901 to 1917. Steel magnate and philanthropist Andrew Carnegie provided funding for more than 3,000 Carnegie libraries in the United States, Canada, and Europe. The library is significant to the citys history as the first permanent ho... Hotels in Florida, Buildings and structures in St. Petersburg, Florida, Hidden categories:, Articles with topics of unclear notability from June 2010, All articles with topics of unclear notability, Articles needing additional references from June 2010, All articles needing additional references, Articles needing cleanup from June 2010, All articles needing cleanup, Cleanup tagged articles without a reason field from June 2010, Wikipedia pages needing cleanup from June 2010, Coordinates on Wikid... Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Florida, National Register of Historic Places in Pinellas County, Florida, Houses in St. Petersburg, Florida, Tampa Bay Area Registered Historic Place stubs, Pinellas County, Florida geography stubs, Hidden categories:, Articles sourced only to NRIS from November 2013, All articles sourced only to NRIS, Coordinates on Wikidata, Commons category template with no category set, Commons category with page title same as on Wikidata, All stub artic... United Methodist churches in Florida, National Register of Historic Places in Pinellas County, Florida, Properties of religious function on the National Register of Historic Places in Florida, Culture of St. Petersburg, Florida, Buildings and structures in St. Petersburg, Florida, Gothic Revival churches in Florida, Religious buildings completed in 1925, Churches in Pinellas County, Florida, Tampa Bay Area Registered Historic Place stubs, Pinellas County, Florida geography stubs, Florida church ... Historic districts in Florida, National Register of Historic Places in Pinellas County, Florida, Geography of St. Petersburg, Florida, Visitor attractions in St. Petersburg, Florida, Tampa Bay Area Registered Historic Place stubs, Pinellas County, Florida geography stubs, Hidden categories:, Articles sourced only to NRIS from January 2014, All articles sourced only to NRIS, Coordinates on Wikidata, Commons category template with no category set, Commons category with page title same as on Wikida... Madeira Beach is a city in Pinellas County, Florida, United States, bordered on the west by the Gulf of Mexico and on the east by St. Petersburg. As of the 2010 census, the population was 4,263. The area is primarily residential with little or no industrial or sizable service businesses. Residents are mostly supported by commercial interests outside the area, and a large number of residents are retirees. Entertainment district Johns Pass is located on the Intracoastal Waterway. The city is often... Hotels in Florida, National Register of Historic Places in Pinellas County, Florida, Buildings and structures in St. Petersburg, Florida, Historic Florida architecture 1989 AIA survey listings in Pinellas County, Hidden categories:, All articles with dead external links, Articles with dead external links from December 2013, Articles with a promotional tone from May 2011, All articles with a promotional tone, Coordinates on Wikidata, Commons category template with no category set, Commons categor... The St. Petersburg Pier, known locally as The Pier, is a landmark and tourist destination extending into Tampa Bay from downtown St. Petersburg, Florida. The Pier features a five-story inverted pyramid-shaped building. Constructed in 1973, it was designed by St. Petersburg architect William B. Harvard, Sr.. May 31, 2013 was the last official day for the public to visit the pier. The City of St. Petersburg, Florida had planned to demolish and replace it, until a voter referendum rejected the new ... The North Shore Historic District, commonly known as Old Northeast is a U.S. historic district (designated as such on February 20, 2003) located in St. Petersburg, Florida. The district, located adjacent to Downtown, is bounded by 4th Street N, 5th Avenue N, Tampa Bay, and 30th Ave N. It contains 2975 historic buildings and 4 objects. Ths area is mostly residential but does contain some retail, dining, parks and city landmarks. It also has been featured in the Great Homes and Destinations sectio... Kenneth City is a town in southern Pinellas County, Florida, between St. Petersburg and Pinellas Park, in the United States. Kenneth City was founded in 1957 by Sidney Colen, a local developer, who named the city after his son Kenneth Colen. The population was 4,980 at the 2010 census. The town, small in area and set amidst dense residential developments mostly with otherwise indistinguishable town boundaries, has earned a reputation as a speed trap town for the vigorous enforcement of its lower... National Memorials of the United States, Archaeological sites in Florida, National Register of Historic Places in Manatee County, Florida, Spanish colonization of the Americas, Spanish Florida, Museums in Manatee County, Florida, History museums in Florida, Biographical museums in Florida, Native American museums in Florida, Protected areas established in 1948, United States National Park Service areas in Florida, Monuments and memorials in Florida, Parks in Manatee County, Florida, Florida Nati... Link to query each field of Wikipedia: Geolocated Wikipedia articles, downloaded 2015-08 near 2075 OCEANVIEW DR, ST PETERSBURG, FL 33715 Article Title, in Wikipedia Shell Key Preserve URL, of the Wikipedia article Shell_Key_Preserve Categories the item belongs to Islands of Florida, Protected areas of Pinellas County, Florida, Nature reserves in Florida, Landforms of Pinellas County, Florida, Pinellas County, Florida geography stubs, Hidden categories:, Coordinates on Wikidata, All stub articles, P: First paragraph of the article Shell Key Preserve is an 1,800-acre preserve located on Shell Key in Tierra Verde, Pinellas County in the U.S. state of Florida. The preserve protects sensitive marine habitats and includes one of the countys largest undeveloped barrier islands as well as numerous mangrove islands and expansive sea grass beds.	cc/2023-06/en_head_0047.json.gz/line50
__label__wiki	0.670285	0.670285	Move (change location) ↘Lynn Haven ↘Upper Grand Lagoon ↘Panama City ↘Callaway ↖Niceville ↙Destin ↙Fort Walton Beach ↖Wright ↖Crestview ↗Enterprise ↗Dothan ↗Ozark ↙East Pensacola Heights ↖Ferry Pass ↙Pensacola ↖Brent ↖Ensley ↙Warrington ↙West Pensacola ↗Bainbridge ↖Gonzalez ↙Myrtle Grove ↖Bellview ↖Troy ↘Tallahassee ↙Foley ↗Eufaula ↗Thomasville ↖Fairhope ↖Daphne Rosemary Beach is an unincorporated master planned community in Walton County, Florida, United States on the Gulf Coast. Rosemary Beach is developed on land originally part of the older Inlet Beach neighborhood. The town was founded by Guy Chesterfield Sr. in 1995, and was later designed by Duany Plater-Zyberk & Company. The town is around 105 acres (0.42 km2) and upon completion had just over 500 homesites and a mixed use town center with shops, restaurants, and activities. The town is a master... Eden Gardens State Park is a 163 acres (0.66 km2) Florida State Park and historic site located in Point Washington, south of Freeport, FL, off U.S. 98 on CR 395, in northwestern Florida at 181 Eden Gardens Road (CR 395), Santa Rosa Beach, FL 32450. This park is centered on the Wesley house, a two story mansion virtually surrounded by white columns and verandas. The house is notable for its furnishings, especially examples of late 18th century French furniture. The site has various gardens, numer... United Methodist churches in Florida, Properties of religious function on the National Register of Historic Places in Florida, Churches in Washington County, Florida, Historic Florida architecture 1989 AIA survey listings in Washington County, 1857 establishments in Florida, Florida church stubs, Florida Panhandle Registered Historic Place stubs, Hidden categories:, Coordinates on Wikidata, Commons category template with no category set, Commons category with page title same as on Wikidata, All ... New Urbanism communities, Populated places established in 1979, Unincorporated communities in Walton County, Florida, Unincorporated communities in Florida, Populated coastal places in Florida on the Gulf of Mexico, Planned communities in Florida, Beaches of Walton County, Florida, New Classical architecture, Hidden categories:, Coordinates on Wikidata, Commons category template with no category set, Commons category with page title same as on Wikidata, Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers, ... Seaside is an unincorporated master-planned community on the Florida panhandle in Walton County, between Panama City Beach and Destin. Being one of the first cities in America designed on the principles of New Urbanism, the town has become the topic of slide lectures in architectural schools and in housing-industry magazines, and is visited by design professionals from all over the United States. The town rose to global fame as being the main filming location of the movie The Truman Show. On Apr... Cities in Bay County, Florida, Populated coastal places in Florida on the Gulf of Mexico, Beaches of Florida, Seaside resorts in Florida, Populated places established in 1977, Cities in Florida, Panama City Beach, Florida, Landforms of Bay County, Florida, Hidden categories:, CS1 errors: dates, Coordinates on Wikidata, All articles with unsourced statements, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2014, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2012, Commons category template with no ca... Panama City Beach is a city in Bay County, Florida, United States, on the Gulf of Mexico coast. As of the 2010 census it had a population of 12,018. The city is often referred to under the umbrella term of Panama City, despite being a distinct municipality from the older and larger inland Panama City to the east, making Panama City and Panama City Beach two separate cities. Panama City Beachs slogan is The Worlds Most Beautiful Beaches due to the unique^ sugar-white sandy beaches of northwest Fl... Panama City�Bay County International Airport (IATA: [DEL: ECP :DEL] , ICAO: [DEL: KPFN :DEL] , FAA LID: [DEL: PFN :DEL] ) was a public airport three miles northwest of Panama City, in Bay County, Florida. It was owned and operated by the Panama City�Bay County Airport and Industrial District. All airline services moved to the Northwest Florida Beaches International Airport on May 22, 2010, but the airfield was open to general aviation aircraft until October 1, 2010. The grounds will eventual... Aerospace Defense Command military installations, Eglin Military Reservation, Military facilities in Florida, Strategic Air Command radar stations, Military radars of the United States Air Force, United States Air Force equipment, United States Space Surveillance Network, Hidden categories:, All articles with dead external links, Articles with dead external links from May 2015, Coordinates on Wikidata, Geobox usage tracking for building type, Articles to be expanded from July 2014, All articles ... Eglin AFB Site C-6 is an Air Force Space Command radar station with the AN- FPS-85 phased array radar, associated computer processing system(s), and radar control equipment (e.g., MIT Radar Calibration System in 1996). The entire radar- computer system is located at a receiver- transmitter building and is supported by the sites power plant, fire station, 2 water wells (for 128 people), and other infrastructure for the system to provide observations on space objects for the Joint Space Operations... Westville is a town in Holmes County, Florida, United States. As of the 2000 census, the town had a total population of 221. According to the U.S. Census Bureaus 2004 estimates, the town had a population of 225.According to Westville town Census 2010 results, the population of the area was approximately 289 people. From 2000 to 2010, the Westville town population growth percentage was 30.8% (or from 221 people to 289 people). 26.0% of the Westville town residents were under 18 years of age. Cens... Panama City, Florida, National Historic Landmarks in Florida, Schooners, Ships on the National Register of Historic Places, National Register of Historic Places in Bay County, Florida, Florida Panhandle Registered Historic Place stubs, Florida protected area stubs, Individual ship or boat stubs, Hidden categories:, All articles with dead external links, Articles with dead external links from November 2012, Coordinates on Wikidata, Commons category template with no category set, Commons category ... Governor Stone is a historic schooner, built in 1877, in Pascagoula, Mississippi as a cargo freighter, United States. On 4 December 1991, she was added to the US National Register of Historic Places. One year later, the schooner was designated a US National Historic Landmark. She became part of Eden Gardens State Park in 2003. However, the water in Tucker Bayou next to the park was too shallow for the boat to dock there. She was in Sandestin for a short time, then moved to Bay County. In 2007, t... Cities in Bay County, Florida, Populated places on the Intracoastal Waterway in Florida, County seats in Florida, Port cities in Florida, Port cities and towns of the United States Gulf Coast, Panama City, Florida, Populated places established in 1909, Cities in Florida, 1909 establishments in Florida, Hidden categories:, Coordinates on Wikidata, All articles with unsourced statements, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2010, Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers, Wikipedia articles ... Panama City is a city and the county seat of Bay County, Florida, United States. Located along U.S. Route 98, it is the largest city between Tallahassee and Pensacola. It is the more populated of two principal cities of the Panama City-Lynn Haven, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 36,484. When Panama City was incorporated in 1909, its original city limits were 15th Street (Hwy 98) on the north, Balboa Avenue on the west and Bay Avenue on the ea... Cedar Grove is an unincorporated area and census-designated place in Bay County, Florida, United States. It was formerly an incorporated town, but it was dissolved in 2008 after a vote by residents. The town had 90 days from October 3, 2008, to implement the dissolution ordinance and hand over all operations to organs of the county government. This was the first time in Florida history that a town was disincorporated by a vote of its citizens. The dissolution ordinance took effect at 8:00 AM on ... St. Andrews Bay, officially named St. Andrew Bay, is a bay located in Bay County in the panhandle of Florida. It is a 69,000 acre estuary located in northwest Florida. It is relatively deep, and of relatively high salinity due to the low freshwater inflow provided by only a few spring-fed creeks (the most significant being Econfina Creek, fed by Blue Spring). The county seat of Bay County, Panama City, is located on the bay, named for Saint Andrew. The Atlanta & St. Andrews Bay Railway, which ra... Link to query each field of Wikipedia: Geolocated Wikipedia articles, downloaded 2015-08 near 5317 STRICKLAND RD, EBRO, FL 32437 Article Title, in Wikipedia Ebro, Florida URL, of the Wikipedia article Ebro,_Florida Categories the item belongs to Towns in Washington County, Florida, Towns in Florida, Hidden categories:, Coordinates on Wikidata, Images in Wikipedia article 467px-Washington_County_Florida_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Ebro_Highlighted.svg.png P: First paragraph of the article Ebro is a town in Washington County, Florida, United States. The population was 250 at the 2000 census. As of 2004, the population recorded by the U.S. Census Bureau is 256 .	cc/2023-06/en_head_0047.json.gz/line51

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