The full dataset viewer is not available (click to read why). Only showing a preview of the rows.
The dataset generation failed
Error code: DatasetGenerationError
Exception: ArrowInvalid
Message: JSON parse error: Missing a closing quotation mark in string. in row 84
Traceback: Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/packaged_modules/json/json.py", line 153, in _generate_tables
df = pd.read_json(f, dtype_backend="pyarrow")
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pandas/io/json/_json.py", line 815, in read_json
return json_reader.read()
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pandas/io/json/_json.py", line 1025, in read
obj = self._get_object_parser(self.data)
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pandas/io/json/_json.py", line 1051, in _get_object_parser
obj = FrameParser(json, **kwargs).parse()
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pandas/io/json/_json.py", line 1187, in parse
self._parse()
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pandas/io/json/_json.py", line 1403, in _parse
ujson_loads(json, precise_float=self.precise_float), dtype=None
ValueError: Trailing data
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1997, in _prepare_split_single
for _, table in generator:
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/packaged_modules/json/json.py", line 156, in _generate_tables
raise e
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/packaged_modules/json/json.py", line 130, in _generate_tables
pa_table = paj.read_json(
File "pyarrow/_json.pyx", line 308, in pyarrow._json.read_json
File "pyarrow/error.pxi", line 154, in pyarrow.lib.pyarrow_internal_check_status
File "pyarrow/error.pxi", line 91, in pyarrow.lib.check_status
pyarrow.lib.ArrowInvalid: JSON parse error: Missing a closing quotation mark in string. in row 84
The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 1529, in compute_config_parquet_and_info_response
parquet_operations = convert_to_parquet(builder)
File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 1154, in convert_to_parquet
builder.download_and_prepare(
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1029, in download_and_prepare
self._download_and_prepare(
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1124, in _download_and_prepare
self._prepare_split(split_generator, **prepare_split_kwargs)
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1884, in _prepare_split
for job_id, done, content in self._prepare_split_single(
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 2040, in _prepare_split_single
raise DatasetGenerationError("An error occurred while generating the dataset") from e
datasets.exceptions.DatasetGenerationError: An error occurred while generating the datasetNeed help to make the dataset viewer work? Make sure to review how to configure the dataset viewer, and open a discussion for direct support.
pred_label
string | pred_label_prob
float64 | wiki_prob
float64 | text
string | source
string |
|---|---|---|---|---|
__label__cc
| 0.73171
| 0.26829
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Rio Hondo ‘Roadrunners’ battle Southland blazes
August 12, 2015 Editor Education, Local News
Members of Rio Hondo Fire Crew 77 – known as the Roadrunners – hike along the 14 freeway as they help combat a brushfire in the Saugus Ranger District in Santa Clarita on July 12. The team heads to anchor a fire line as smoke billows up from the blaze.
By William Diepenbrock
VMA Communications
WHITTIER – Rio Hondo College’s Fire Crew 77 was deployed at 10 a.m. Saturday, Aug. 8, 2015, for the second time this summer to help the U.S. Forest Service combat a slew of brushfires across the state.
The Roadrunners crew, composed of graduates from Rio Hondo College’s Wildland Fire Academy as well as a few recent graduates from its regular Fire Academy, will activate for a two-week period, helping provide relief to professional crews.
“These deployments are a terrific way for our academy graduates to gain experience, training and earn some money while they are seeking their first jobs,” said Superintendent/President Teresa Dreyfuss. “We also are proud to have them represent us on the front lines of our state’s annual battle against destructive fires.” When summer started, the crew was short of its usual 16-person complement – because other fire agencies have been aggressively scooping up Rio Hondo graduates.
“I can’t keep up with the demand,” said Rio Hondo College Wildland and Fire Coordinator Tracy Rickman, who also serves as chief of Crew 77. The academy has a 100 percent placement record, which prompted Rickman to offer a second training class in 2014-15 to see if he could provide additional graduates to meet the high demand. The effort – difficult to do since the fall fire season can sap the academy’s training staff – generated a record 65 firefighters. Forty-one were quickly snagged by wildland fire agencies.
“Nineteen graduates were hired in one fell swoop to serve in the Plumas National Forest,” Rickman said. “And veterans who take the training are typically hired incredibly fast.”
That left 14 graduates available for the crew, prompting Rickman to supplement his team with two members of Fuego Tech’s Rangers Crew 76 when it was activated July 3 for a two-week mission fighting brushfires in the Saugus River Ranger District in Santa Clarita.
While not on fires, the crew performed project work, hazard reduction, and general station maintenance, as well as participated in a rigorous daily physical training program.
For the second deployment, Rickman is supplementing his crew with graduates of Rio Hondo’s regular Fire Academy. Graduates from the academy typically seek posts with urban departments, but their training meets the certification standards for wildland service.
The college may consider a cross-training effort between the two academies in 2015-16 to help boost opportunities for wildland training.
“Rio Hondo College is known far and wide for the strength of its Fire Academy,” said Board of Education President Madeline Shapiro. “The demand for our graduates is a shining example of the recognition of that strength.”
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Three things to know: Eagles training camp Day 7
1 August 2019 Uncategorized
Today was a big day for the Philadelphia Eagles as today was their longest practice to date. The practice ran almost three hours. There was a lot of action, but we’re going to sum it up it the shortest way possible. Here’s today’s three biggest stories.
Carlton Agudosi a red zone threat?
The 6”6” wide receiver has been killing it for the Eagles in the red zone. He caught two touchdowns today from quarterback Nate Sudfeld. At his height, the Eagles can definitely use him to their advantage.
Like everything that happens during training camp, you have to take it with a grain of salt. He is running with the second team offense, however, he’s still been a bright spot for the Eagles.
2. Miles Sanders is a stud
The rookie running back has impressed a lot this training camp and he’s shown he can be the Eagles lead running back. A few players and coaches have been outspoken about his play, most recently Brandon Graham. Graham saying, “That boy is a beast, you’ll see.”
The Eagles have used a running back by committee as of late, but with that being said, having a three down back is still key. Sanders looks the part and looks as if he’ll have a very successful career.
3. Rasul Douglas is having a camp!
One player always seizes the opportunity and earns himself a bigger role during training camp. If there’s one player this season for the Eagles, it’s Rasul Douglas. Today, he made numerous plays, most notably deflecting a ball out of the hands of wide receiver Nelson Agholor. He’s had himself a really good camp and is on his way for a bigger role this season for the Eagles.
It’s tough to squeeze today’s session into one three things to know piece, but those three topics are the most significant. Remember to stay tuned as the season draws nearer.
Ryan Neal Miles Sanders, Nelson Agholor, Rasul Douglas
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Comments? Mail to:
ericnelsonavery@yahoo.com
Print Catalog
Art/Med
::Who Is Eric Avery?
1997-Avery Brain
1953-Eric Avery
1970-Medical School Galveston
1973-Portrait of the Artist as a Young Doctor
1974-James Eggers, M.D.
Eric Avery, M.D.
1979-On the Lam Street Band, New York City
1980-Las Dhure Refugee Camp, Somalia
Photo: Wolfgang Starke, M.D.
Photo: Harry Benson
1980-Las Dhure Refugee Camp
German Red Cross Tent
1995-Condom Head
Photo: R. Haile
1995-Use Your Head, Use a Condom
Photo: Roger Haile
1995-Wallpaper Works
1992-Trevor Fairbrother and Eric Avery, Boston Museum
1994-Assistant Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Associate Member of The Institute for Medical Humanities
Eric Avery MD
Born November 8, 1948 Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Raised in Pecos, Texas
Bachelor of Art in Fine Art, University of Arizona, 1970
Medical Doctor, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, 1974
Psychiatry Residency, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York City, 1976 - 1979
Medical Doctor Ship Sea Sweep, Indonesia 1980
Medical Director, Las Dhure Refugee Camp, Somalia, 1980-1981
Lived in San Ygnacio, Texas, 1981-1992, making and exhibiting his art and working as the Southern Region Refugee Coordinator for Amnesty International USA
Returned to the Practice of Medicine in 1992 as the Consultation-Liaison HIV Psychiatrist at The University of Texas Medical Branch in Galveston and joined the faculty at The Institute for the Medical Humanities at UTMB
Lived in Galveston, Texas 1992-2013
Retired (August 31, 2012) as Clinical Associate Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Member of The Institute for the Medical Humanities at The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
Currently, remains Emeritus Associate Professor, The Institute for Bioethics & Health Humanities, UTMB, Galveston, Texas.
For the 2019 Spring semester at East Tennessee State University, he was The Basler Chair of Excellence for the Integration of the Arts, Rhetoric and Science.
In 2019, after 6 years in New Hope, Pennsylvania he moved back to San Ygnacio, Texas, two blocks from the Rio Grande, 30 miles down the Border from Laredo, Texas. He continues to make art and develop art medicine projects.
Listen to Nicole Bearden’s Critical Bounds” 10/22/20 podcast conversation with Eric Avery “On Art and Health” (70 minutes)
For forty years he has worked at the intersection of visual art and medicine. His social content prints explore issues such as human rights abuses, and social responses to disease (HIV and Emerging Infectious Diseases), death, sexuality and the body. In clinical art spaces set up in art museums and galleries, his art medicine actions have explored the liminal space between art and medicine. From 1992-2012, at the IMH in Galveston, he made prints, paper and art actions that reflected his clinical work with HIV/AIDS.
He has had numerous solo exhibitions in the United States and his prints are in many collections including: Smith College Art Museum, Baltimore Art Museum, the Fogg Art Museum at Harvard University, Firestone Library at Princeton University, The Library of Congress, ARS MEDICA collection Philadelphia Museum of Art, Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Art, Philadelphia, Smithsonian American Art Museum, Washington, DC, Blanton Museum of Art, Austin Texas, Modern Art Museum of Fort Worth, Fort Worth, Texas, The Boston Museum of Art, The National Library of Medicine, The Cushing/Whitney Medical Library at Yale University School of Medicine, Watson Library The Metropolitan Museum of Art, and the National Gallery of Art. In England, his work is included in The British Museum and The Wellcome Trust Library for the History and Understanding of Medicine.
Selected Projects 2013 to Present
Smith College Museum of Art-"The Art of Healing is a Sacred Art": The Prints of Dr. Eric Avery (Blog Post 2013)
Smith College Museum of Art Acquisition - Paper+People (Blog Post 2014)
Princeton University Firestone Library (Blog Post 2014)
Art AIDS America (Exhibition 2015)
The American Dream: From Pop to the Present (Exhibition 2017)
Print Life Neurogenesis (Print 2017)
Epidemic York College (Exhibition 2018)
Epidemic ETSU (Exhibition 2019)
Eric Avery: Doctor of Printmaking (Blog Post 2019)
Wayne G Basler Chair of Excellence for the Integration of the Arts, Rhetoric and Science, Spring Semester 2019 East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
Eric Avery: Paradise Arrives (Blog Post 2019)
- Sue Coe, artist and author/illustrator
www.graphicwitness.org
I first met Dr. Eric Avery through a letter from Somalia. He was working as a doctor in a refugee camp with thousands of human beings who were starving to death. A photograph in Life magazine shows Eric in the middle of the camp that stretched for miles, a figure at dusk holding up a tiny baby into the light, silhouetted by dusty tents. It was there that Eric started to make woodcuts—to record the terrible sights he had seen and, as his scalpel cut into the wood, as therapy.
If you are fortunate enough to be a friend of Eric’s, you will receive woodcut cards of plants and birds, shells and trees, as purely and simply illustrated as engravings by the 19th-century British naturalist Thomas Bewick. That would be sufficient for most artists, but for Eric, harsh truth is as urgently beautiful.
Eric uses science and art in tandem to heal. He transmutes the chaff of suffering into art. Eric always says “life before art” as he plunges into healing the victims of society wherever he finds them—in crack houses, on death row—refugees on the broken borders of life or death, the poor, the abandoned. They become alive in his art; their content creates his form.
His work as an artist/psychiatrist treating patients with HIV has become a document of historical record and is as sophisticated and powerful as any Dürer woodcut. It is the antibody to our disease of distance. Dominant culture flattens all experience, rendering reality into irony. We no longer trust ourselves to experience life directly. Eric makes art in the tradition of reportage; there is a direct emotional involvement with his subjects, a witnessing that is devoid of sentiment. The humility of small woodcuts depicting faces of cherished patients, printed on paper that is made from hospital sheets or the clothing of AIDS orphans, subverts and unravels the dominant social ideology of power and superiority.
Read about Eric Avery? Political Prints and Paper Making
Text by Eric Avery with illustrations Hand Papermaking, Summer 2004
Current Employment:
Self Employed Visual Artist
San Ygnacio, Texas 78067
Undergraduate - 1966-1970
Degree: Bachelors of Art in Art
Medical School - 1970-1974
The University of Texas Medical Branch
Degree: M.D.
Internship - 1974-1975
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
Residency - 1975-1978
Adult Psychiatry Residency Training Program
Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center
New York State Psychiatric Institute
Fellowship - 1992-1994
Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry (HIV/AIDS)
Professional Activities: Medicine
Clinical Staff Psychiatrist (1992 - 2012)
AIDS Clinical Care and Research Program Out-Patient Clinic
The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
Consultant Psychiatrist (1998 - 2012)
HIV & General Consultant Psychiatry
Professional Activities: Art Medicine
Art Actions
1993-HIV Condom Filled Pinata
Photo: S. Nussenblat
1997-Eric Avery, David Paar, Sue Coe, NYC
1996-The Stuff of Life
Photo: J. Glowczwski
1997-Fogg Art Museum
Photo: Harvard Crimson
1997-Eric Avery, William Marshall- Studio Assistant
Stuff of Life
Because We Are
2003-Bill Lagatutta, Master Printer Tamarind Institute, and Eric Avery at 3rd Impact Print Conference, Cape Town, South Africa
2012-Medical Student Teaching Award. Dwight Wolf MD, Eric Avery MD, Robert Hirschfeld MD, Chairman of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences.
Photo: M. Kinonen
2014-New Hope, Pennsylvania
Photo: Daniel Heyman
2015-Whitney Museum of Art
2018-Eric Avery and printmaking mentor Andrew Rush in Tucson, Arizona
2018-Resist Ageism
Photo: Jill Schoeniger
2018-Eric Avery and Adam DelMarcelle Epidemic exhibit York College, York Pennsylvania
Photo: Marissa Grate
2019-Basler Chair for the Intergration, Rhetoric of Art and Science
Photo credit: Dave DiMarchi
Eric Avery 2020 San Ygnacio studio
Photo: Charlie Warden
August 2020. Painting Laredo, Texas No Border Wall street mural.
-Back to Print Retrospective
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Economics Ethics Politics Science
Future, Pyramids, World-scrapping, NOlympics, Cooperation, Salmon
Since our current technologies advance exponentially on a timescale of several years, our future habitat on Earth will look entirely different a million years from now. What does a mature technological civilization look like after such a long time? Can it survive the destructive forces that its technologies unleash? One way to find out is to search for technosignatures of alien civilizations, dead or alive. Inevitably, all forms of life eventually disappear. The universe cools as it expands, and all stars will die 10 trillion years from now. In the distant future, everything will freeze; there will be no energy left to support life.
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/what-if-we-could-live-for-a-million-years/
Perhaps, instead, captured CO2 could be injected into porous rock, such as subsurface basalt, similar to a technique pioneered by Carbfix in Iceland. Over a process of several years, carbon dioxide would solidify into calcite crystals and this bedrock could be quarried for use as a building material. As in ancient Egypt, monolithic slabs of stone could form pyramids, either built in situ to help bolster tourism in Iceland, the African Rift Valley, and other areas rich in malfic rock; or conveyed over unfathomably long distances for reasons that might seem obscure to future generations. Such structures would be durable and their construction would likely employ large masses of people, but the process would be extremely energy-intensive. Moreover, the majority of these pyramids’ volume would be taken up by the host rock, not sequestered carbon, meaning that we would need to construct far more than our original 138,462 pyramids.
https://strelkamag.com/en/article/138-462-carbon-pyramids
Worldscraping has incredible potential. We’ll be able to extract our own data without needing Amazon or Google’s permission. We can make a better food database, a better catalogue of plants and wildlife, a better map of the world, anything you can imagine that requires information about the real world, all with far less work and in far less time.
The big losers from worldscraping will be incumbent companies and tech giants. They’ll want to keep worldscraping for themselves, and they’ll say it’s because only they can be trusted to use it.
But they aren’t the only ones who can keep us safe. There are ways to secure computing devices without unaccountable gatekeepers or expert users. Contrary to what Apple would have you believe, we all use software every day that’s as safe as anything inside their walled garden, if not safer. We need to support and learn from those third-party companies and open source communities as we head into the next generation of computing devices.
Digital Sight Management, and the Mystery of the Missing Amazon Receipts
Should the Olympics cease to exist? It’s a question I never thought I’d ask. I did gymnastics when I was younger and have been thoroughly obsessed with the sport ever since. I even built my writing career around gymnastics, so the Olympics — where the sport is a perennial favorite — factor heavily into my work (and my income).
“I had an emotional attachment to the Olympics growing up as an athlete,” Itani said. “It’s such a well-produced media spectacle. It’s amazing to see these athletes, the quality of the camera, the angles, the stories of the athletes in the Olympics that are covered by the media.”
I experienced the same emotional attachment that Itani described — and still do. I was aware of all of the harm that the Olympics brought to communities but I took a reformist approach: we could preserve the good and eliminate the bad through smart policies and transparency. But reform hasn’t worked. In 2014, the IOC introduced Agenda 2020 to make reforms to the bidding process and curb the excesses of hosting the Games. Yet the tab for Tokyo 2020 is more than triple what was originally projected.
The Endgame of the Olympics
Game theory shows us that, regardless of what an individual believes, it is in their own self-interest to wear a mask.
While the conflict surrounding wearing masks will persist, these insights shed light on a new perspective on the benefits of wearing masks during this time, even outside the realm of public health and science. Next time you encounter a family member, friend, co-worker, or even a stranger who is against wearing masks, consider explaining that their decision, although self-interested in the short-run, only hurts them in the long run.
Just like in the prisoner’s dilemma, cooperation results in the most efficient outcome. If we cooperate and wear masks, the pandemic will be better mitigated and we may finally find true freedom again.
https://thedecisionlab.com/insights/health/game-theory-can-explain-why-you-should-wear-a-mask-regardless-of-what-you-believe/
Salmon are at home in color. Whipping her tail, a female salmon spends two days making a depression in the riverbed called a redd—the word probably comes from the Early Scots ridden, meaning “to clear”—into which she deposits her roe. Fertilized, these red spheres of nutrients encase young salmon, who eat their way out, taking the color inside. Once the eggs are depleted, salmon swim to the ocean in search of food. There, they feed on red-pink crustaceans, mostly shrimp and krill, as well as small fish with even smaller crustaceans in their digestive systems. From these, they absorb yellow-red orange fat-soluble pigments, called carotenoids, that tint salmon salmon.
Oranges Are Orange, Salmon Are Salmon
Listen to Your Key: Towards Acoustics-based Physical Key Inference
Monstrosity of group theory
An interesting video on asteroid mining that could be the future of resource extraction and the possibility of endless technology.
How did they do it? The Antwerp diamond heist, dubbed the “heist of the century” – a depiction by a Belgium detective.
https://overcast.fm/+Ip9Jb2GP0
Sound recordist visits some of London’s historic palaces and captures what he hears there.
https://lnns.co/hnLFOCdGr15
Environment Geopolitics Politics Science Technology
Pigs, Resilience, Distancing, Vaccines, Agents
Cascading shortfalls in production upended supply chains and left swaths of the country with little meat in the spring and summer. While East Germans queued in long lines for their roasts and sausages, they also complained bitterly that the regime continued to prioritize meat exports abroad, even as their own citizens grew more irate. The same industrial system that arose in the GDR continues to churn in every corner of the globe. It remains capable of producing unprecedented amounts of meat, but also pollution, sickness, and ecological disaster. In the era of climate change, environmental disruptions will only intensify, and as they do, the system of industrial meat will become more and more precarious. Before too long, it will break. It’s a lesson that East Germans learned a generation ago. And it’s one we should heed closely.
http://www.cabinetmagazine.org/kiosk/fleischman_thomas_6_august_2020.php
Individual organisms often respond to cues of environmental challenge by changing their behaviour or by influencing the traits of their offspring. For example, in my own work on birds, mothers in crowded populations put more testosterone in their eggs and produce aggressive offspring. Because they are good competitors, these offspring can leave overpopulated areas to find new habitat elsewhere. In contrast, mothers breeding in newly colonised habitat with a low density of breeders produce more mild-mannered offspring that are more likely to remain and acquire a territory nearby. By breeding next to their parents, these cooperative offspring are buffered from competition and from the costs of moving to a new area. But producing less aggressive offspring works only when there is lots of extra space for families to divide up. This example shows how mothers can influence offspring traits in a way that prepares their kids to deal with the environmental challenges they are most likely to face.
https://aeon.co/essays/catastrophe-drives-evolution-but-life-resides-in-the-pauses
Like other animals, humans have a long evolutionary history with infectious diseases. Many of our own forms of behavioral immunity, such as feelings of disgust in dirty or crowded environments, are likely the results of this history. But modern humans, unlike other animals, have many advantages when plagues come to our doors. For instance, we can now communicate disease threats globally in an instant. This ability allows us to institute social distancing before disease appears in our local community—a tactic that has saved many lives. We have advanced digital communication platforms, from e-mail to group video chats, that allow us to keep our physical distance while maintaining some social connections. Other animals lose social ties with actual distance. But perhaps the biggest human advantage is the ability to develop sophisticated nonbehavioral tools, such as vaccines, that prevent disease without the need for costly behavioral changes. Vaccination allows us to maintain rich, interactive social lives despite contagious diseases such as polio and measles that would otherwise ravage us.
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/animals-use-social-distancing-to-avoid-disease1/
When you’re planning a large vaccine drive, predictability is vital. The immunization campaign that allowed India to eradicate polio in 2014, for example, worked methodically through the country’s populace of hundreds of millions of children, backed by a bank of knowledge about how the virus behaved, what the vaccine’s properties were, and where new cases could be found. Such factors dictate not only how much vaccine is manufactured but also the production of a host of ancillaries: chemical additives such as adjuvants; hypodermics, glass vials, rubber stoppers, and other parts of an injection kit; and storage equipment such as deep freezers. Without this gear, a vaccine is just a fine formula, a cure in search of its disease.
https://www.bloomberg.com/features/2020-covid-vaccine-manufacturing-essentials/
If a physical product that is widespread in American society could be manipulated by an adversary—imagine an army of home-service robots whose operating systems could be attacked by a foreign power, and turned to hold families hostage inside their houses—it would be immediately addressed as a top-priority national security threat. But social media has long had a free pass for a number of reasons that apply to the information technology industry as a whole. Today, it is protected in distinctive and persistent ways because of its “speech” functions and the constitutional protections that these functions carry.
https://www.lawfareblog.com/how-might-sleeper-agents-americans-interfere-election
Merriam-Webster defines Baryons as any of a group of subatomic particles (such as nucleons) that are subject to the strong force and are composed of three quarks. Half of the ordinary baryonic matter has been tough to find but Fast Radio Bursts made it possible to detect the WHIM.
The most popular high-end coffee species – Arabica – is highly susceptible to Climate change. Video talks about how Columbian economy is impacted by the environmental crisis and could affect global coffee drinkers in the longer term.
Is the pursuit of GDP growth is the best priority for human society? Listen to an interesting conversation between Stephen Dubner and Kate Raworth.
https://overcast.fm/+WaLE5dato
Know more about monastic traditions of Benedictines, Franciscans and Dominicans.
https://overcast.fm/+QDAIECDAo
Environment Science Technology
Rocks, Cooker, Change, Bezos, Dinosaur
After a long break, I am starting to share some interesting articles that I come across over the week. I believe there are many people creating interesting articles that generates passion and curiosity among readers like me. I give full credit to all the authors who have written these articles.
It’s hard to imagine that we will ever succeed in building a computer system as brilliantly complex as the interrelation of fungal mycelium, far-reaching tree roots, and soil microorganisms in your average healthy forest, what scientists call the “wood wide web.” Smart devices, connected to one another through cloud-based servers vulnerable to cyberattack and plain old entropy, could never do this. And perhaps this is the real reason fully biological computers may remain always beyond our grasp. Even now, as we dream of embedding artificial intelligence into every material surface of our lives, we are at best poorly emulating processes already at play beneath our feet and in our gardens. We’re making a bad copy of the Earth — and, in mining the Earth to create it, we are destroying the original.
Beyond Smart Rocks
“With Japanese rice, what you’re looking for is for some of the starch to almost convert to sugar so that it tastes rather sweet,” explains Itoh. Other ideal elements include a sticky texture, separate grains, and a lot of moisture: all hard to obtain, says Itoh, “without any automated way to do it. And people are very, very picky about how their rice should be.”
https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/rice-cooker-history/
I’m going to show how shocking the changes have been in science throughout just my lifetime, how even more shocking the changes have been since my grandparents were born, and by induction speculate on how much more shock there will be during my grandchildren’s lifetimes. All people who I have known.
How Much Things Can Change
Amazon has invested more than $270 billion in the U.S. over the last decade. Beyond our own workforce, Amazon’s investments have created nearly 700,000 indirect jobs in fields like construction, building services, and hospitality. Our hiring and investments have brought much-needed jobs and added hundreds of millions of dollars in economic activity to areas like Fall River, Massachusetts, California’s Inland Empire, and Rust Belt states like Ohio. During the COVID-19 crisis, we hired an additional 175,000 employees, including many laid off from other jobs during the economic shutdown. We spent more than $4 billion in the second quarter alone to get essential products to customers and keep our employees safe during the COVID-19 crisis. And a dedicated team of Amazon employees from across the company has created a program to regularly test our workers for COVID-19. We look forward to sharing our learnings with other interested companies and government partners.
https://blog.aboutamazon.com/policy/statement-by-jeff-bezos-to-the-u-s-house-committee-on-the-judiciary
Your goal is the same as the impala’s: To buy time. You will have the endurance advantage. Recent studies like Dececchi’s suggest some dinosaur species may have possessed remarkable endurance for their size—but your springy hips, stretchy Achilles tendons, and efficient cooling systems make you one of the greatest endurance runners nature has ever created. The longer the race, the greater your chances.
https://www.wired.com/story/how-outrun-dinosaur/
GPT-3: What’s Hype, What’s Real on the Latest in AI
https://overcast.fm/+BlzHmQM3s
How reading changes your brain
← Newer Posts 1 2 3Older Posts →
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Copperbelt University (Station ID: 858854) - Hourly values
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2015 12 May 2015 11 May 2015 10 May 2015 9 May 2015 8 May 2015 7 May 2015 6 May 2015 5 May 2015 4 May 2015 3 May 2015 2 May 2015 1 May 2015 30 Apr 2015 29 Apr 2015 28 Apr 2015 27 Apr 2015 26 Apr 2015 25 Apr 2015 24 Apr 2015 23 Apr 2015 22 Apr 2015 21 Apr 2015 20 Apr 2015 19 Apr 2015 18 Apr 2015 17 Apr 2015 16 Apr 2015 15 Apr 2015 14 Apr 2015 13 Apr 2015 12 Apr 2015 11 Apr 2015 10 Apr 2015
Hourly values - 17 Mar 2017 Daily values - Mar 2017 Monthly values - 2017 Data sheet Information sheet
Temp. Soil
Rain Wind
(max) Humidity Barom.
Energy Battery
[°C] [°C] [mm] [m/s] [deg.] [m/s] [%] [hPa] [W/m2] [MJ/m2] [V]
18:19 0:15 17.7 25.7 0.0 0.4 217 1.3 95.9 879 0.0 0.00 6.75
0:30 17.3 25.6 0.0 0.3 159 1.4 97.8 879 0.0 0.00 6.75
0:45 17.4 25.6 0.0 0.1 29 0.6 98.6 879 0.0 0.00 6.75
2:15 17.2 25.5 0.0 0.1 208 1.4 100.0 879 0.0 0.00 6.67
3:00 17.3 25.4 0.0 0.3 47 1.7 100.0 879 0.0 0.00 6.67
6:45 17.4 25.1 0.0 0.6 167 2.1 100.0 880 10.1 0.01 6.51
7:45 18.0 25.0 0.0 1.2 135 1.7 100.0 880 180.6 0.16 6.59
8:00 18.7 25.0 0.0 1.1 121 2.3 99.0 880 188.9 0.17 6.59
9:00 21.7 24.9 0.0 2.7 90 4.4 81.1 881 404.0 0.36 6.75
10:00 23.6 24.9 0.0 3.4 100 4.9 71.3 881 517.8 0.47 6.90
10:30 24.9 24.9 0.0 2.6 81 3.6 64.9 881 630.4 0.57 6.98
11:45 27.5 24.9 0.0 3.0 83 5.3 53.8 880 1,164.0 1.05 7.06
12:45 28.1 24.9 0.0 2.2 154 3.3 51.9 879 1,214.6 1.09 7.06
18:00 25.3 25.7 0.0 1.6 152 2.8 56.2 877 64.2 0.06 7.06
18:30 23.5 25.7 0.0 1.7 181 2.7 62.0 878 0.0 0.00 6.98
Copperbelt University - 17 Mar 2017
Missing hours none - all hourly values available
Download: HOURLY-SUMMARY-Copperbelt University-2017-03-17.csv
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ThemeGrill on Facebook
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Schönheit & Gesundheit
Sport & Gesunde Ernährung
Enjoying freedom of Life
By Liwia Olenska / 17. April 2016
Hello, my name is Ewala. I come from the planet Alawe, in the galaxy Ewala, in the universe Alawe.
But the point is I tried. If you think you need to go to the bakery, please do so now, because I do not want to be interrupted while I tell you my story. …but anyway, I have been thinking about my happiness lately and have come to the conclusion that I am happy. This is annoying. If you saw a chicken as happy as me, I’ll replace it, and give you a full refund… no questions asked!
But that’s not the point. The point is I am battery operated.
Well, actually I am not.
Frogs enjoying their time in summer
But that’s not the point. What is the point?
“The point is everyone should have my game and timetable! screamed someone who I subsequently smacked across the face and decapitated before sending him home in a cardboard box.
Before I introduce myself, let me share with you a story. A story about me, and how great I am. But first, I think it would be appropriate to introduce myself. I am going to do this soon.
Woman and sunset
So, it all started, in a smelly house, north of Wellington, south of Arizona and east of where you are sitting right now. It was a dark night, with no birds nor chickens, and it was raining a silent rain. There were too many stars to count, and not enough clouds to cover them. I like chickens. But anyway, what was I doing in this smelly house?
“I was laughing at the boxes of dog food with you, remember!?” said Stevens grandma, but she was wrong. What was I doing? That’s right, I was writing this story. Now back to the story.
I needed to find something, so looked for it, and the most amazing thing happened!
I FOUND IT!!!
Guess what it was??? it was a piece of crispy bacon, which I dropped last Christmas. I thought the dog ate it, but I guess it didnt. There were many things over there where I always looked for things, but I didn’t like them, so I don’t know why I was always looking for them. But this thing I did like. And this thing, it liked me right back in the face.
But I don’t like things that like me. They smell funny. So I made it friends with it, seduced it, then strangled it in the night and ate it’s flesh. The bacon wasn’t happy with this, and laughed itself to sleep. But then in the plane, he needed to go pee, so I laughed myself to sleep as he pissed himself to wake. He was definitely awake when the plane started to fall. He was definitely going to fall with the plane, and he was definitely going to get lost again. And lost he did get. Lost in the eternal sea of human sadness, lyrically beautiful without the physical countenance to outweigh it’s inherent irony.
And that was where he found himself, lost in an abysmal abyss… That was where he found himself.
Joe Lopo was a man of mild temperament, short stature, and had the goal to become the world’s fastest telephone eater. Though Lopo never knew even basic physics, he created a telescope capable of sighting the smallest hair on an alien who lived quite a few lightyears away. Joe Lopo quickly destroyed a large boulder and used the shattered remains to form eight small statues that strongly
resembled tiny creatures being or related to the water flea. He placed them in a circular pattern to form a sort of shrine and placed the telescope in the middle of it. He then channeled the power of the stone water fleas into the telescope to view the power of the heavens. He was in a trance with the beauty of the mysterious dimension and didn’t even notice the very large tornado heading toward him.
He was taken to new levels of excitement, when he found himself. Oh what a day…. Oh …what a day. But this was to be expected, because he was not just random. He was ranDom with a capital D. But anyway, who cares about the bacon, this story is about me.
Me and my eternal instructions of destruction from underneath. Me and my inherent understanding of the ways of the universe.
Me and my happiness.
Me and my sadness.
Me, and my bacon.
Once upon a time in the land of Fliggimites lived a happy little thing by the name of Joseph. Joseph once decided to go on an adventure and go atop the great mountain of Floosh to annoy the red dragon. And so he left, with his pal, Gandaarghlee the wizard, to Mount Floosh. Along the way he stole the golden toe ring of a guy named Walmart, and met many trolls and elves and dwarves and other odd mutated humanoid creatures, including this one guy made out of bologna that we didn’t like very much, so we laughed at him and he was sad.
So we finally reached the mountan of Floosh and hiked up to the top. Then the red dragon appeared and tossed us in the firy lava pit on the top, which hurt a lot, but by some chance we won the battle and were very happy, and then we hiked back home, but Walmart trapped us and ate us.
Liwia Olenska
Beautiful morning and flowers
Still Life and the power of painting
New WorkSpace, Working should be fun now
The Photographer Within Me: My Other Identity
Speed cars
SCHÖNHEIT & GESUNDHEIT Kategorie auswählen Allgemein (23) Allgemein (23) Animals (3) Beauty (2) Beauty (22) Collection (2) Die Welt (5) Featured (10) Games (4) Iskra Lawrence (2) Life (5) Photography (5) Programming (3) Schönheit & Gesundheit (21) Sport & Gesunde Ernährung (5) Tips & Tricks (10) Trends (2) VIP (1) World News (3)
Envince is bootstrap 3 powered magazine WP theme to make your site look good. Create powerful magazine site with drag and drop editing features. Possibilities are limitless
ColorMag
FitClub
Iskra Lawrence (2)
Schönheit & Gesundheit (21)
Sport & Gesunde Ernährung (5)
Gil Ofarim
Natürliche Peeling zum Selbermachen
Beauty Tipps für den Strandurlaub
Der vermeintliche Schlaf-Killer
Hautkrebsvorsorge kann dein Leben retten
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Barrett-Jackson Scottsdale 2012
posted in: Feature Articles
Craig Jackson went back to his company’s roots to plan Barrett-Jackson Scottsdale 2012.
To celebrate the 41-st annual event, Barrett-Jackson Auction Company is debuting its Salon Offering Collection — one-of-a-kind cars that are among the world’s most valuable and collectible. These include a 1947 Bentley Franay Mark VI cabriolet, a 1948 Tucker Torpedo and a 1957 DeSoto Adventurer convertible.
These signature vehicles will cross the block Jan. 20, 2012, from 5–7 p.m. at WestWorld of Scottsdale. They join 1,200 exotics, customs, classics, resto-mods, hot rods and other original collector vehicles at the lifestyle event, which includes vendors and events such as fashion shows, live demonstrations, ride ‘n drive events with Ford and GM, celebrity sightings and live music. More than 250,000 car fans and their families are expected to attend this year’s event.
“Our roots at Barrett-Jackson are in one-off vehicles such as these Salon Collection cars,” says Craig, company chairman and CEO, whose dad, Russ, and business partner, Tom Barrett, held their first charity car show in 1971, “Fiesta de los Auto Elegantes” at the old Safari Resort in downtown Scottsdale.
“These recall the rare European and American cars that my dad and Mr. Barrett first offered at auction when they were just starting: classic Mercedes-Benz, Cadillacs, Duesenbergs and others,” says Craig, who grew up with the business, helping prepare cars for sale. “We have not one but two spectacular Desoto Adventurers, for example, this year — a ‘54 and ’57.”
Today, his Scottsdale-based Barrett-Jackson Auction Company also produces “The World’s Greatest Collector Car Auctions™” in Palm Beach, Fla., Las Vegas, Nev., and Orange County, Calif.
“The Barrett-Jackson Salon Offering Collection provides our auction participants with the perfect marriage of the world’s most precious collector cars and the proud diversity, excitement and prestige associated with a Barrett-Jackson event,” he adds. “Our elite collectors have been part of the Barrett-Jackson family for generations, and they’re thrilled with this new marquee designation for vehicles of this caliber.”
These signature “Salon” cars include:
•1947 Bentley Franay Mark VI Cabriolet (Lot #5005; Chassis Number: B 20 BH; VIN: B25071) — In August 1991 at the Rolls-Royce national meet, this Bentley, with coachwork by Franay, was judged “Best of Show” among all Rolls-Royce and Bentley automobiles. Eight years later, it won the most coveted award from the Rolls-Royce Owners Club, the Royce Memorial Trophy, and the top senior award, “Best of Prior Best of Show.” “This wonderful car represents the best craftsmanship of two countries: a French body on an English chassis. The one-off Bentley Franay has appeared in many shows throughout the country,” Craig explains.
•1948 Tucker Torpedo (Lot #5008; Chassis Number 1043; Engine Number: 33550) — Created by Preston Tucker and briefly produced in Chicago in 1948, this is one of just 51 examples made.
•1957 DeSoto Adventurer Convertible (Lot #5008.1; VIN: 50417567) — It’s powered by the famous 345-horsepower HEMI V-8 with dual quads and an automatic transmission.
•Delahaye 135 MS Prototype (Lot #5004.2; VIN: 800518) — This prototype is on a Delahaye chassis, with an inline 6-cylinder 3.5-liter engine, Solex HD 44 carbs and Cotal semi-automatic transmission. The car was a factory promotion demo for the great French marque’s UK concessionaires, exporters and shippers.
•1955 Flajole Forerunner Coupe Concept (Lot #5003; VIN: S673772) — Stylist Bill Flajole’s vision of the future, this car incorporates 7,000-plus hours of design and construction and futuristic elements such as retracting tinted Plexiglas roof, headrest bucket seats and contrasting color fender coves. Featured on the cover of Motor Trend September 1955, the Forerunner concept car incorporated many items long before they appeared on any production car.
•1954 DeSoto Adventurer II Coupe (Lot #5002.1; VIN: 1493762) — One of one by Ghia on a Chrysler Imperial long chassis (125.5 inches), it features the original HEMI engine. Sold new to King Mohammed V of Morocco, it has been called one of the top 10 concept cars ever.
•1928 Daimler P150 Vee Front Royal Limousine (Lot #5007.2; Chassis Number: 30652; Engine Number: 51786) — The largest British car ever built, it carries a 7.163-liter V-12 steel-sleeve valve engine outputting 150 horses at 248 rpm, a 163-inch wheelbase, 21-foot overall length and weighs 8,100 lbs. The Harrah’s Automobile Collection once owned it.
•The other Barrett-Jackson Salon offerings: a 1930 Isotta Fraschini Tipo 8A Roadster Cabriolet (Lot #5006; Chassis Number: 1540), with 13,350 original miles, featuring coachwork by Castagna of Milan, Italy; a 1954 Mercedes-Benz 300SL “Gullwing” Coupe (Lot #5000; Chassis Number: 198040-4500129; Engine Number: 198080-4500144), with just 4,149 original miles one of the lowest-mileage Gullwings in existence and one of only 146 built this year; a 1933 Pierce Arrow Silver Arrow (Lot #5002; ID# 2575018), one of five built and the centerpiece of the January 1933 New York Auto Show when it was unveiled; and a 1930 Duesenberg Model J Murphy Town Car (Lot #5004; Chassis Number: 2401; Engine Number: J-381), one of only four and the recipient of a complete restoration by Florida car collector Bill Lassiter.
In addition, continuing its longstanding tradition of giving, Barrett-Jackson Scottsdale will also be auctioning a number of cars for local and national charities. One, the first SMS-Bondurant Camaro, benefitting the Cox Charities and Make-A-Wish Foundation, will be on the blocks Thursday evening, Jan. 18, at 8 p.m. Bearing #001, this 620-horsepower, 6-speed supercharged Camaro represents the first of these supercars by designer Steve Saleen and legendary racer, Paradise Valley resident Bob Bondurant.
“We are consigning six full days of a diverse offering of vehicles for every level of enthusiast,” says Steve Davis, president, Barrett-Jackson. “I’m looking forward to producing a docket that will contribute to the overall excitement that can only be experienced at a Barrett-Jackson event.”
Adds Craig: “We think this will be a great auction and the beginning of a great year for us. Our Salon cars are also a great indication that collectors with unique vehicles are willing to offer them for sale, and our other sellers have been flocking to us with great cars for quite a while leading up to the Scottsdale event.” For example, the auction is offering a “barn find” Shelby GT-350 from a California consignor as well as a premium street rod, a Riddler Award winner.
SPEED will broadcast nearly 40 hours of live, high-definition TV coverage Tuesday through Thursday, Jan. 17–19, 5–10 p.m.; Friday, Jan. 20 and Saturday, Jan. 21, noon to 10 p.m.; and Sunday, Jan. 22, 12–4 p.m. All times are Eastern Standard.
Gates open at 8 a.m. Jan. 15 through Jan. 22. The memorabilia auction begins every morning, Jan. 17–22, and the collector car auction begins at 10 a.m. on Jan. 17 and continues into the evenings, through Jan. 22, until all cars scheduled are offered for bid.
“Barrett-Jackson Scottsdale 2012 is one of the pre-eminent auto events in the world, and this year’s stellar mix of great cars, entertainment and vendors make it a must for the collector as well as everyone in the family,” Craig says. “We are looking forward to welcoming you.”
Barrett-Jackson Scottsdale, www.barrett-jackson.com or call 480.663.6255
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Marc Urbano|Car and Driver
Highs Drop-dead gorgeous looks, sonorous V-8 engine, pleasant driving character.
Lows Not as performance-oriented as rivals, not so spacious inside, not cheap.
Verdict Jaguar’s beautifully styled sports car has lots of personality but not quite the same level of performance as some competitors.
By Joey Capparella
The 2023 F-type offers everything you’d expect from a Jaguar sports car: a beautiful design, a sonorous engine, and plenty of driving character. While it was previously available with a turbo-four or a supercharged V-6, it now comes only with a supercharged V-8 producing either 444 or 575 horsepower. The front-engine F-type competes with mid-engine sports cars such as the Chevy Corvette and Porsche 718, but the heavy Jag can’t quite match those models’ nimble feel. It’s also starting to look dated inside and doesn’t offer much space for either occupants or small items. But whether you choose the coupe or the convertible, you’ll be happy to be seen in this gorgeous piece of automotive sculpture.
After Jaguar dropped the four- and six-cylinder engine options from the lineup in 2022, the V-8–only F-type continues unchanged into 2023.
P450 Coupe
P450 Convertible
R Convertible
R Coupe
Although the F-type R’s 575-horsepower V-8 engine is tempting, the P450’s V-8 sounds about as good and still offers plenty of grunt. We also prefer the F-type in its standard rear-wheel-drive configuration; all-wheel drive is optional on the P450 and standard on the R. The stylish coupe is our pick of the lineup, but the convertible offers that quintessential wind-in-your-hair experience if that’s more your vibe. A wide range of colors and interior trims are available, but make ours British Racing Green with tan leather.
While many sports cars have transitioned to downsized turbocharged four- and six-cylinder engines, Jaguar has taken the opposite approach and now offers the F-type only with an old-school supercharged 5.0-liter V-8. It makes 444 horsepower in P450 form and 575 horsepower in the high-performance R configuration. Both versions offer an exceptional auditory experience with plenty of snaps, crackles, and pops coming from the exhaust. In our testing, the F-type R got to 60 mph in 3.5 seconds. That’s quick, but not as quick as a comparable Corvette or Porsche 718. The F-type’s driving experience is engaging, with good steering and a relatively comfortable ride, but its responses are not as sharp as more hard-core sports cars rivals if you intend to take it to the racetrack or on spirited backroad romps.
The EPA has not yet released official figures for the 2023 F-type, but we don’t expect it to change from the 2022 model’s ratings. That means that rear-wheel-drive P450 models will continue to offer 19 mpg combined, with all-wheel-drive P450 and R configurations rated at 18 mpg combined. In our real-world 75-mph highway fuel-economy test of a 2021 R coupe, the F-type exceeded its EPA rating, achieving a 27-mpg result that beat its highway estimate by 3 mpg. For more information about the F-type’s fuel economy, visit the EPA's website.
The 2023 F-type’s cockpit has a driver-centric design and features an interesting mix of materials including stitching, faux-suede accents, and chrome trim. There are also different options for nicer headliners, center-console trims, and various gloss-black pieces. The standard six-way power sport seats can be upgraded to 12-way power performance seats with various leather or suede upholstery combinations. Neither the coupe nor the convertible offer much space inside for driver and passenger, and the convertible’s trunk is laughably small.
Every F-type features a 10.0-inch touchscreen that runs the company's InControl Touch Pro infotainment software. The system includes Apple CarPlay and Android Auto capability as standard. A premium surround-sound audio system, a Wi-Fi hotspot, and wireless phone charging are all optional.
The F-type comes standard with many driver-assistance technologies, but blind-spot monitoring is a standalone option that we’d recommend. For more information about the F-type's crash-test results, visit the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) and Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) websites. Key safety features include:
Standard forward-collision warning and automated emergency braking
Standard lane-departure warning and lane-keeping assist
Available blind-spot monitoring and rear cross-traffic alert
Jaguar provides competitive limited and powertrain warranties that align with luxury alternatives from Audi and BMW. However, the British automaker one-ups both rivals with its industry-leading complimentary scheduled maintenance coverage.
Powertrain warranty covers five years or 60,000 miles
Complimentary maintenance is covered for five years or 60,000 miles
2021 Jaguar F-Type R Coupe
front-engine, all-wheel-drive, 2-passenger, 2-door coupe
supercharged and intercooled DOHC 32-valve V-8, aluminum block and heads, direct fuel injection
305 in3, 5000 cm3
Suspension (F/R): multilink/control arms
Brakes (F/R): 15.0-in vented disc/14.8-in vented disc
Tires: Pirelli P Zero PZ4, F: 265/35R-20 (99Y) J R: 305/30R-20 (93Y) J
Passenger volume: 51 ft3
1/4 mile: 11.7 sec @ 121 mph
Braking, 100–0 mph: 307 ft
Standing-start accel times omit 1-ft rollout of 0.2 sec.
2023 F-Pace SVR
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RLP- and RLK-mediated innate immune responses in Arabidopsis and tomato triggered by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and a virulence factors (Avrs)
Acronym RLPRLKs
Duration 1 January 2007 - 1 January 2010
Project leader Pierre de Wit, Wageningen University, The Netherlands
Other project participants Georg Felix, University of Tübingen, Germany
Thorsten Nürnberger, University of Tübingen, Germany
Guilia de Lorenzo, University of Rome La Sapienza, Italy
Bart Thomma, Wageningen University, The Netherlands
Antonio Molina, Technical University of Madrid, Spain
Cyril Zipfel, John Innes Centre, UK
Mahmot Tör, University of Warwick, UK
Funding The German Research Foundation (DFG), Germany
Ministry of Education, University and Research (MIUR), Italy
Netherlands Genomics Initiative / Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NGI/NWO), The Netherlands
Ministry for Science and Innovation (MICINN), Spain
Biotechnological and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), UK
Total Granted budget € 1,919,664
Crop plants are continuously threatened by devastating diseases caused by microbial pathogens. Plants possess an innate immune system that is activated after recognition of microbes through general pathogen-associated molecular patterns or specific pathogen-derived avirulence factors. Two types of extracellular plant plasma membrane receptors (receptor-like proteins (RLPs) and receptor-like kinases (RLKs)) perceive PAMPs and Avrs in the intercellular space and initiate an immune response. Both types contain extracellular leucine-rich repeats (eLRR) that monitor the presence of specific pathogen molecules. For RLPs, these eLRRs are anchored in the plasma membrane and carry only a short cytoplasmic domain that lacks obvious signalling motifs. In contrast, RLKs contain a cytoplasmic kinase domain for downstream signalling. Arabidopsis and tomato are well-characterized model plants. The genome sequence of Arabidopsis is available whereas that of tomato will become available within 2-3 years. In tomato, Avr-perceiving RLPs encompass the well-characterized Cladosporium fulvum and the Verticillium dahliae resistance proteins. Tomato RLPs involved in PAMP perception include LeEix proteins that recognize Trichoderma viride. RLKs involved in Avr and PAMP recognition are rice Xa21, recognizing Xanthomonas oryzae, Arabidopsis FLS2 and EFR, recognizing the PAMPs flagellin and EF-Tu, and Arabidopsis BAK1 and ERECTA that are required for resistance against various pathogens. In this proposal we aim to investigate the role of RLPs and RLKs in the perception of microbial pathogens through extracellular PAMPs and Avrs in the plant species tomato and Arabidopsis. Furthermore we want to dissect downstream defense signalling pathways in the two plant species activated upon pathogen perception. The various project partners will study these mechanisms using genetic, proteomics and transcriptomics approaches.
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Pre-Prosthetic Care
Clinical Evaluation
Long Distance Evaluation
Scanning/Fitting
Cosmetic Cover
Travel to Miami
Socket Design
BioSculptor® Scanning
Extreme Prosthetics™
Greg M.
Amputee Resources
kinderBAND™
Innovation is the core of Arthur Finnieston Prosthetics + Orthotics. For over 80 years, we have pushed the envelope to improve the quality of life for our patients. Our clinic is completely digital, powered by BioSculptor, the most advanced CAD software available for O&P. BioSculptor was designed by Alan Finnieston and his team of engineers. With the BioScanner, we are now able to scan patients with a laser-line scanner instead of casting them, a messy and time-consuming process.
Since we were established in 1928, we have been thinking outside-of-the-box. Arthur Finnieston, the clinic’s founder, was a pioneer in the field of Orthotics. He fabricated leg and spinal braces with aluminum instead of the traditional forged steel. This meant his patients wore orthoses that weighed 66% less. They were extremely grateful for his resourcefulness.
Alan Finnieston took his father’s advances to another level by expanding the clinic into the field of Prosthetics. In the 1980s, he was part of the groundbreaking CAT-CAM group which included Sabolich, Guth and Hutnick. Their collaborative work combined unique design principles and material applications that became the CAT-CAM above-knee socket, a socket that allowed amputees to run limb over limb for the first time. In the 1990s, he developed BioSculptor which was featured on the Discovery Channel. In addition to his advances in Prosthetics, he holds numerous design patents in the field of Orthotics.
Continuing in the tradition of innovation, Arthur Finnieston Prosthetics + Orthotics, developed Active Socket™ with Cushion Technology, a unique socket design for the below-knee amputee that is vacuum-assisted without requiring a vacuum pump. Our prosthetists are often asked by prosthetic component manufacturers to test their premarket prototypes. We also participate regularly in clinical research studies at the University of Miami.
With a passion for technology, our two sister companies that have extensive computer aided manufacturing capabilities, a team of electrical and mechanical engineers and experts from the aeronautical industry, Arthur Finnieston Prosthetics + Orthotics remains at the forefront of innovation and advancement in Prosthetics.
Company | Process | Prosthetics | Orthotics | Extreme Prosthetics | Client Profiles | Amputee Resources | Contact
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-IR- Database: Indiana Register
IAC Titles Current IR
TITLE 327 WATER POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD
Final Rule LSA Document #09-615(F)
Adds 327 IAC 19 concerning confined feeding operations. Repeals 327 IAC 16. Effective July 1, 2012.
First Notice of Comment Period: August 19, 2009, Indiana Register (DIN: 20090819-IR-327090615FNA).
Second Notice of Comment Period: August 11, 2010, Indiana Register (DIN: 20100811-IR-327090615SNA).
Notice of Public Hearing: August 11, 2010, Indiana Register (DIN: 20100811-IR-327090615PHA).
Change in Notice of Public Hearing: October 20, 2010, Indiana Register (DIN: 20101020-IR-327090615CHA).
Change in Notice of Public Hearing: April 20, 2011, Indiana Register (DIN: 20110420-IR-327090615CHA).
Date of First Hearing: May 11, 2011.
Proposed Rule: August 3, 2011, Indiana Register (DIN: 20110803-IR-327090615PRA).
Notice of Public Hearing: August 3, 2011, Indiana Register (DIN: 20110803-IR-327090615PHA).
Change in Notice of Public Hearing: September 7, 2011, Indiana Register (DIN: 20110907-IR-327090615CHA).
Date of Second Hearing: November 9, 2011.
327 IAC 16; 327 IAC 19
SECTION 1. 327 IAC 19 IS ADDED TO READ AS FOLLOWS:
ARTICLE 19. CONFINED FEEDING OPERATIONS
Rule 1. General Provisions
327 IAC 19-1-1 Purpose
Authority: IC 13-14-8-1; IC 13-18-10-4
Affected: IC 13-11-2; IC 13-18-10; IC 13-22
Sec. 1. The purpose of this article is to:
(1) impose construction and operational requirements for CFOs in order to implement IC 13-18-10; and
(2) protect human health and the environment from threats to water quality.
(Water Pollution Control Board; 327 IAC 19-1-1; filed Feb 6, 2012, 2:58 p.m.: 20120307-IR-327090615FRA, eff Jul 1, 2012)
327 IAC 19-1-2 Applicability
Affected: IC 13-11-2-40; IC 13-18; IC 13-22
Sec. 2. (a) This article applies to all CFOs as defined in IC 13-11-2-40.
(b) Under this article a person may not start:
(1) construction of a CFO; or
(2) expansion of a CFO that increases animal capacity or manure containment capacity, or both;
without obtaining the prior approval of the department.
(c) Unless otherwise stated, all requirements of this article must be met upon its effective date.
327 IAC 19-1-3 Appeal of decisions
Authority: IC 13-14-8-7; IC 13-15-2-1; IC 13-18-10-4
Affected: IC 4-21.5; IC 13-11-2; IC 13-14; IC 13-15; IC 13-18; IC 13-30
Sec. 3. A decision by the commissioner to approve, deny, revoke, amend, require an approval, or impose additional requirements under this article is appealable under IC 4-21.5. Information on appeal rights shall be provided with the documentation of the commissioner's decision.
Rule 2. Definitions
Affected: IC 13-11-2; IC 13-14; IC 13-15; IC 13-18; IC 13-30
Sec. 1. The definitions in IC 13-11-2 and this rule apply throughout this article.
327 IAC 19-2-2 "Agronomic rate" defined
Sec. 2. "Agronomic rate" means a rate of application of manure to the land based on:
(1) the nutrient content of the manure to be applied;
(2) the fertility level of the soil;
(3) the nutrient needs of the current or planned crops;
(4) the nutrient holding capacity of the soil; and
(5) additional sources of nutrients, including legume credits, process wastewater, biosolids, or commercial fertilizer.
327 IAC 19-2-3 "Animal feeding operation" or "AFO" defined
Sec. 3. "Animal feeding operation" or "AFO" means a lot or facility, other than an aquatic animal production facility, where all of the following conditions are met:
(1) Animals, other than aquatic animals, have been, are, or will be stabled or confined and fed or maintained for a total of forty-five (45) days or more in any twelve (12) month period.
(2) Crops, vegetation, forage growth, or post-harvest residues are not sustained in the normal growing season over at least fifty percent (50%) of the lot or facility.
327 IAC 19-2-4 "Bedrock" defined
Sec. 4. "Bedrock" means cemented or consolidated earth materials exposed on the earth's surface or underlying unconsolidated earth materials.
327 IAC 19-2-5 "Commissioner" defined
Affected: IC 13-11-2-35; IC 13-14; IC 13-15; IC 13-18; IC 13-30
Sec. 5. "Commissioner", as defined in IC 13-11-2-35, refers to the commissioner of the department of environmental management.
327 IAC 19-2-6 "Confined feeding" defined
Sec. 6. (a) "Confined feeding", as defined in IC 13-11-2-39, means the confined feeding of animals for food, fur, or pleasure purposes in lots, pens, ponds, sheds, or buildings where:
(1) animals are confined, fed, and maintained for at least forty-five (45) days during any twelve (12) month period; and
(2) ground cover or vegetation is not sustained over at least fifty percent (50%) of the animal confinement area.
(b) The term does not include the following:
(1) A livestock market:
(A) where animals are assembled from at least two (2) sources to be publicly auctioned or privately sold on a commission basis; and
(B) that is under state or federal supervision.
(2) A livestock sale barn or auction market where animals are kept for not more than ten (10) days.
327 IAC 19-2-7 "Confined feeding operation" or "CFO" defined
Affected: IC 4-21.5; IC 13-11-2-40; IC 13-14; IC 13-15; IC 13-18-10; IC 13-30
Sec. 7. "Confined feeding operation" or "CFO", as defined in IC 13-11-2-40, means any:
(1) confined feeding of at least:
(A) three hundred (300) cattle;
(B) six hundred (600) swine or sheep;
(C) thirty thousand (30,000) fowl; or
(D) five hundred (500) horses;
(2) AFO electing to be subject to IC 13-18-10; or
(3) AFO that is causing a violation of:
(A) water pollution control laws;
(B) any rules of the water pollution control board; or
(C) IC 13-18-10.
A determination by the department under this subdivision is appealable under IC 4-21.5.
327 IAC 19-2-8 "Constructed wetland" defined
Sec. 8. "Constructed wetland" means an approved waste management system designed to maximize the removal of pollutants from process wastewater or other runoff through wetland vegetation uptake, retention, and settling.
327 IAC 19-2-9 "Construction" defined
Affected: IC 13-11-2-40.8; IC 13-14; IC 13-15; IC 13-18-10; IC 13-30
Sec. 9. "Construction", as defined in IC 13-11-2-40.8, for purposes of IC 13-18-10, means the fabrication, erection, or installation of a facility or manure control equipment at the location where the facility or manure control equipment is intended to be used. The term does not include the following:
(1) The dismantling of existing equipment and control devices.
(2) The ordering of equipment and control devices.
(3) Off-site fabrication.
(4) Site preparation.
327 IAC 19-2-10 "Contaminated runoff" defined
Sec. 10. "Contaminated runoff" means any precipitation or surface water that has come into contact with any liquid or solid animal excreta or any used bedding, litter, or waste liquid at the CFO.
(Water Pollution Control Board; 327 IAC 19-2-10; filed Feb 6, 2012, 2:58 p.m.: 20120307-IR-327090615FRA, eff Jul 1, 2012)
327 IAC 19-2-11 "Department" defined
Sec. 11. "Department", as defined in IC 13-11-2-51, refers to the department of environmental management.
327 IAC 19-2-12 "Discharge" defined
Sec. 12. "Discharge", for purposes of this article, means any addition of any pollutant, or combination of pollutants, into any waters of the state from a point source. The term includes, without limitation, an addition of a pollutant into any waters of the state from the following:
(1) Surface runoff that is collected or channeled by human activity.
(2) Discharges through pipes, sewers, or other conveyances, including natural channels, that do not lead to treatment works.
327 IAC 19-2-13 "Drainage inlet" defined
Sec. 13. "Drainage inlet" means any surficial opening to an underground tile drainage system that drains to waters of the state. For purposes of this article, the term includes water and sediment control basins.
327 IAC 19-2-14 "Feedlot" defined
Sec. 14. "Feedlot" means an outside lot or pen used for confined feeding, including areas that may be covered, partially covered, or uncovered.
327 IAC 19-2-15 "Filter strip" defined
Sec. 15. "Filter strip" means a relatively uniform and maintained vegetated area used for collecting sediment and cleansing runoff.
327 IAC 19-2-16 "Flood plain" defined
Sec. 16. "Flood plain" means any area adjoining a river, stream, or lake that has been or may be covered by a one hundred (100) year flood.
327 IAC 19-2-17 "Floodway" defined
Sec. 17. "Floodway" means the channel of a river or stream and those portions of the flood plain adjoining the channel that are reasonably required to efficiently carry and discharge the peak flood flow of a one hundred (100) year flood as determined by 312 IAC 10.
327 IAC 19-2-18 "Gradient barrier" defined
Sec. 18. "Gradient barrier" means a structure or feature that prevents runoff from entering waters of the state.
327 IAC 19-2-19 "Ground water" defined
Sec. 19. "Ground water" means accumulations of underground water, natural or artificial, public and private, or parts thereof, that are wholly or partially within, flow through, or border upon this state, but excluding man-made underground storage or conveyance structures.
327 IAC 19-2-20 "Highly erodible land" defined
Sec. 20. "Highly erodible land" means land that has a high potential to erode based on site-specific characteristics, such as:
(1) slope length and steepness;
(2) soil erodibility; and
(3) rainfall;
as defined by the USDA-NRCS and Farm Service Agency maps.
327 IAC 19-2-21 "Historic site" defined
Affected: IC 13-11-2; IC 13-14; IC 13-15; IC 13-18; IC 13-30; IC 14-8-2-125
Sec. 21. "Historic site", as defined in IC 14-8-2-125, means a site that is important to the general, archeological, agricultural, economic, social, political, architectural, industrial, or cultural history of Indiana. The term includes adjacent property that is necessary for the preservation or restoration of the site.
327 IAC 19-2-22 "Incorporation" defined
Sec. 22. "Incorporation" means the mixing of liquid or solid manure with the surface soil using standard agricultural practices, such as tillage.
327 IAC 19-2-23 "Injection" defined
Sec. 23. "Injection" means the placement of liquid manure beneath the surface of the soil in the crop root zone using equipment specifically designed for this purpose.
327 IAC 19-2-24 "Karst terrain" defined
Sec. 24. "Karst terrain" means an area where karst topography, including the characteristic surface and subterranean features, has developed as the result of dissolution of limestone, dolomite, or other soluble rock. Characteristic physiographic features present in karst terrains include the following:
(1) Sinkholes.
(2) Sinking streams.
(3) Caves.
(4) Large springs.
(5) Blind valleys.
327 IAC 19-2-25 "Manure" defined
Sec. 25. "Manure", as defined in IC 13-11-2-126.5, means the following:
(1) Liquid or solid animal excreta.
(2) Waste liquid generated at a livestock or poultry production area, including the following:
(A) Excess drinking water.
(B) Cleanup water.
(C) Contaminated livestock truck or trailer washwater.
(D) Milking parlor wastewater.
(E) Milk house washwater.
(F) Egg washwater.
(G) Silage leachate.
(3) Any precipitation or surface water that has come into contact with the following:
(A) Liquid or solid animal excreta.
(B) Used bedding.
(C) Litter.
(D) Liquid described in subdivision (4).
(4) Any other materials generated at a livestock or poultry production area commingled with the materials listed in subdivisions (1) through (3).
327 IAC 19-2-26 "Manure application" defined
Sec. 26. "Manure application" means the placement of liquid or solid manure by:
(1) spraying or spreading onto the land surface;
(2) injection below the land surface; or
(3) incorporation into the soil.
327 IAC 19-2-27 "Manure release" defined
Sec. 27. "Manure release" means any unexpected, unintended, abnormal, or unapproved dumping, leakage, drainage, seepage, discharge, or other loss of manure outside of an approved waste management system and not in compliance with 327 IAC 19-14.
327 IAC 19-2-28 "Manure storage facility" defined
Sec. 28. "Manure storage facility" means any:
(1) pad;
(2) pit;
(3) pond;
(4) lagoon;
(5) tank;
(6) building; or
(7) manure containment area;
used to store or treat manure, including any portions of buildings used specifically for manure storage or treatment.
327 IAC 19-2-29 "Manure transfer system" defined
Sec. 29. "Manure transfer system" means any:
(1) pipes;
(2) lift stations;
(3) pumps;
(4) channels; or
(5) other stationary devices;
used for the transfer of manure.
327 IAC 19-2-30 "Manure transfer vehicle" defined
Sec. 30. "Manure transfer vehicle" means a vehicle, tank, or wagon used to move manure.
327 IAC 19-2-31 "Operating record" defined
Sec. 31. "Operating record" means the written record of the CFO activities required by this article and kept by the owner/operator.
327 IAC 19-2-32 "Owner/operator" defined
Sec. 32. "Owner/operator" means the person:
(1) that owns the waste management systems at the CFO;
(2) that:
(A) owns the livestock at the CFO; and
(B) applies for or has received an approval under this article; or
(3) in direct or responsible charge or control of one (1) or more CFOs or land application activity.
327 IAC 19-2-33 "Process wastewater" defined
Authority: IC 13-14-8; IC 13-14-9; IC 13-15-1-2; IC 13-15-2-1; IC 13-18-3
Affected: IC 13-11-2; IC 13-18-4
Sec. 33. (a) "Process wastewater" means water directly or indirectly used in the operation of the AFO for any or all of the following:
(1) Spillage or overflow from animal or poultry watering systems.
(2) Washing, cleaning, or flushing any of the following:
(A) Pens.
(B) Barns.
(C) Manure pits.
(D) Other AFO facilities.
(3) Direct contact swimming, washing, or spray cooling of animals.
(4) Dust control at the production area.
(b) The term includes any water that comes into contact with or is a constituent of any raw materials, products, or byproducts, including the following:
(1) Manure.
(2) Litter.
(3) Feed.
(4) Milk.
(5) Eggs.
(6) Bedding.
327 IAC 19-2-34 "Production area" defined
Sec. 34. "Production area" means that part of an AFO that includes the animal confinement area, the manure storage area, the raw materials storage area, and the waste containment areas. The animal confinement area includes, but is not limited to, open lots, housed lots, feedlots, confinement houses, stall barns, free stall barns, milkrooms, milking centers, cowyards, barnyards, medication pens, walkers, animal walkways, and stables. The manure storage area includes, but is not limited to, lagoons, runoff ponds, storage sheds, stockpiles, under house or pit storages, liquid impoundments, static piles, and composting piles. The raw materials storage area includes, but is not limited to, feed silos, silage bunkers, and bedding materials. The waste containment area includes, but is not limited to, settling basins, and areas within berms and diversions that separate uncontaminated storm water. The term includes any egg washing or egg processing facility, and any area used in the storage, handling, treatment, or disposal of mortalities.
327 IAC 19-2-35 "Public water supply surface intake structure" defined
Sec. 35. "Public water supply surface intake structure" means any structure used for the purpose of withdrawing surface water for use in a public water supply system.
327 IAC 19-2-36 "Public water supply well" defined
Sec. 36. "Public water supply well" means any well that provides water to the public through a water distribution system that:
(1) serves at least twenty-five (25) persons per day for:
(A) drinking;
(B) domestic use; or
(C) other purposes; or
(2) has at least fifteen (15) service connections.
327 IAC 19-2-37 "Registered professional engineer" defined
Affected: IC 13-11-2; IC 13-14; IC 13-15; IC 13-18; IC 13-30; IC 25-31
Sec. 37. "Registered professional engineer" means a professional engineer registered by the state under IC 25-31.
327 IAC 19-2-38 "Saturated ground" defined
Sec. 38. "Saturated ground" means ground that cannot absorb any more liquid.
327 IAC 19-2-39 "Sensitive area" defined
Affected: IC 13-11-2; IC 13-14; IC 13-15; IC 13-18; IC 13-30; IC 14-31; IC 14-38-1-5
Sec. 39. "Sensitive area" means a site where conditions exist that pose a specific water quality threat to one (1) or more of the following:
(1) Aquifers used as a source of drinking water.
(2) Public water supply wells.
(3) Wellhead protection areas.
(4) Drinking water supply reservoirs.
(5) Areas requiring special protection, such as:
(A) wetlands, except for wetlands constructed for manure management;
(B) karst terrains;
(C) the critical habitat of an endangered species; or
(D) natural areas, including:
(i) parks;
(ii) nature preserves, as regulated under IC 14-31;
(iii) historic sites, as defined in section 21 of this rule; and
(iv) public lands, as defined in IC 14-38-1-5.
327 IAC 19-2-40 "Site preparation" defined
Sec. 40. "Site preparation" means any of the following:
(1) Demolition or wrecking of buildings or other structures.
(2) Clearing of building sites.
(3) Sale of materials from demolished structures.
(4) Blasting.
(5) Test drilling.
(6) Earthmoving.
(7) Excavating.
(8) Land drainage.
(9) Placement of access lanes or driveways.
(10) Installation of utilities.
(11) Staking or flagging.
327 IAC 19-2-41 "Spill" defined
Sec. 41. "Spill" has the meaning set forth in 327 IAC 2-6.1-4(15).
327 IAC 19-2-42 "Spray irrigation" defined
Sec. 42. "Spray irrigation" means the application of manure on the land through a stationary or mobile sprinkler type system.
327 IAC 19-2-43 "Staging" defined
Sec. 43. "Staging" means the temporary placement of manure at a site other than a production area.
327 IAC 19-2-44 "Surface application" defined
Sec. 44. "Surface application" means the placement of manure by spraying or spreading onto the land surface.
327 IAC 19-2-45 "Surface water" defined
Sec. 45. "Surface water" means waters present on the surface of the earth, including:
(1) streams;
(2) lakes;
(3) ponds;
(4) rivers;
(5) swamps;
(6) marshes; or
(7) wetlands.
327 IAC 19-2-46 "Uncovered" defined
Sec. 46. "Uncovered" means any structure that allows exposure of manure to precipitation events or to the run-on or runoff from precipitation events.
327 IAC 19-2-47 "Vegetative management system" defined
Sec. 47. "Vegetative management system" means a vegetated area designed to accept contaminated runoff or waste liquid after settling for the purpose of treatment or infiltration into the soil.
327 IAC 19-2-48 "Waste management system" defined
Sec. 48. "Waste management system" means any approved method of managing manure or process wastewater at the CFO, including:
(1) manure storage facilities;
(2) manure transfer systems;
(3) manure treatment systems, such as a:
(A) constructed wetland;
(B) vegetative management system; or
(C) wastewater treatment system under a valid national pollutant discharge elimination system (NPDES) permit;
(4) feedlots;
(5) confinement buildings; or
(6) waste liquid handling, storage, and treatment systems.
327 IAC 19-2-49 "Waters" defined
Affected: IC 13-11-2-265; IC 13-14; IC 13-15; IC 13-18; IC 13-30
Sec. 49. (a) "Waters", as defined in IC 13-11-2-265, means:
(1) the accumulations of water, surface and underground, natural and artificial, public and private; or
(2) a part of the accumulations of water;
that are wholly or partially within, flow through, or border upon Indiana.
(b) The term does not include:
(1) an exempt isolated wetland;
(2) a private pond; or
(3) an off-stream pond, reservoir, wetland, or other facility built for reduction or control of pollution or cooling of water before discharge.
(c) The term includes all waters of the United States, as defined in Section 502(7) of the federal Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C. 1362(7)), that are located in Indiana.
Rule 3. Performance Standards
327 IAC 19-3-1 Performance standards
Affected: IC 13-11-2; IC 13-18; IC 13-22
Sec. 1. (a) A CFO shall be managed so as to avoid an unpermitted discharge into waters of the state.
(b) A CFO must be constructed and operated in a manner that minimizes nonpoint source pollution entering waters of the state.
(c) A CFO shall take all reasonable steps to prevent manure releases, spills or the discharge of manure in violation of the approval or this article, including seepage and leakage.
(d) All waste management systems must be designed, constructed, and maintained to minimize leaks and seepage and prevent manure releases or spills, as well as ensure compliance with the water quality standards in 327 IAC 2.
(e) Manure must be staged in such a manner as to:
(1) not threaten or enter waters of the state;
(2) prevent:
(A) runoff;
(B) manure releases; and
(C) spills.
(f) Manure must be applied in such a manner as to:
(A) ponding for more than twenty-four (24) hours;
(C) spills; and
(3) minimize nutrient leaching beyond the root zone.
Rule 4. General Approval Conditions
327 IAC 19-4-1 Approval conditions
Sec. 1. (a) CFOs must:
(1) have a valid approval to operate; or
(2) close in accordance with 327 IAC 19-16.
(b) The following conditions apply to all confined feeding approvals:
(1) The owner/operator must comply with all terms and conditions of the approval and this article.
(2) The owner/operator shall take all reasonable steps to prevent, minimize, or correct any adverse impact on the environment resulting from noncompliance with the approval or this article.
(3) The filing by the owner/operator of a request for an approval amendment, revocation and reissuance, or revocation does not stay or suspend any approval term or condition. The approval may be amended, revoked and reissued, or revoked for causing or threatening to cause harm to the environment.
(4) The approval does not convey any property rights of any sort or any exclusive privilege.
(5) The owner/operator shall allow the commissioner, or an authorized representative (including an authorized contractor acting as a representative of the commissioner), upon the presentation of credentials and in compliance with biosecurity procedures developed by the department in consultation with the Indiana state board of animal health or individual owners/operators as defined in 327 IAC 19-2-32 to:
(A) enter upon the CFO premises or where any records must be kept under the terms and conditions of the approval or this article;
(B) have access for review to any records that must be kept under the terms and conditions of the approval;
(C) inspect, at reasonable times:
(i) any monitoring equipment or method;
(ii) any waste management systems; or
(iii) practices required or otherwise regulated under the approval; and
(D) sample or monitor, at reasonable times, for the purpose of evaluating compliance with the approval or state and federal laws and regulations.
(6) The provisions of this approval are severable and, if any provision of the approval or the application of any provision of the approval to any circumstances is held invalid, the application of such provision to other circumstances and the remainder of this approval shall not be affected thereby.
(c) If determined to be necessary to protect human health or the environment, the commissioner may require additional protective measures such as:
(1) alternate design standards;
(2) alternate operational requirements; or
(3) use of a registered professional engineer.
The commissioner shall provide written documentation describing the basis for this determination.
Rule 5. Alternate Design or Compliance Approach; Innovative Technology
327 IAC 19-5-1 Alternate design or compliance approach; innovative technology
Sec. 1. (a) The use of a design or compliance approach other than the requirement specified in this article, or an innovative technology may be proposed by the owner/operator in accordance with the following:
(1) The proposal for the alternative design or compliance approach, or innovative technology must be accompanied by documentation that indicates that the performance standards in 327 IAC 19-3-1 will be met. The alternative design or compliance approach, or innovative technology must comply with all existing environmental rules and laws.
(2) The proposed design or compliance approach, or innovative technology must be incorporated into the approval.
(b) In making a determination on an alternate design or compliance approach, or innovative technology, the commissioner shall consider applicable criteria that may include the following:
(1) Design specifications that indicate adequate structural integrity.
(2) Protective measures that reduce the potential for manure releases and spills.
(3) The existence of barriers or surface gradient that directs liquid flow away from features specified for protection.
(4) Operational practices that provide additional protection.
(5) Threats of adverse impacts to water quality or other specified sensitive areas.
(6) Other criteria related to protection of the environment or human health.
(c) The commissioner shall provide written documentation describing the basis for the approval or denial of the proposed alternate design, compliance approach, or innovative technology.
Rule 6. Existing Confined Feeding Operations
327 IAC 19-6-1 Existing confined feeding operations
Affected: IC 13-11-2; IC 13-14; IC 13-15; IC 13-18-10-1; IC 13-18-10-2.3; IC 13-30
Sec. 1. (a) All CFOs must be maintained and operated in compliance with all applicable:
(1) state laws; and
(2) approval conditions.
(b) The owner/operator of a CFO with an existing approval before the effective date of this article shall comply with the following requirements by the effective date of this article:
(1) Operational requirements in 327 IAC 19-13, except the owner/operator shall comply with 327 IAC 19-13-4 within ninety (90) days of the effective date of this article.
(2) Manure application requirements in 327 IAC 19-14.
(3) Manure management plan requirements in IC 13-18-10-2.3, and as described in 327 IAC 19-7-5.
(4) Closure requirements in 327 IAC 19-16.
(c) An approval amendment is required for an increase in the amount of manure generated that reduces the storage capacity to less than the required storage capacity at the time of the most recent approval.
(d) Any increase in animal capacity or manure containment capacity requires a new application under IC 13-18-10-1 and the requirements therein.
(e) A facility that becomes a regulated CFO after the effective date of this article that contains existing waste management systems not previously regulated under this title may be required to modify them to meet the requirements of this article if necessary to protect human health and the environment. The commissioner shall provide written documentation describing the basis for any modifications.
Rule 7. Application Requirements
327 IAC 19-7-1 Application requirements
Affected: IC 13-11-2; IC 13-14; IC 13-15-8; IC 13-18-10-2; IC 13-18-10-2.1; IC 13-30; IC 25-17.6
Sec. 1. (a) An application under this rule is required for all CFOs not previously regulated under:
(1) this article;
(2) 327 IAC 16 before its repeal; or
(3) 327 IAC 5 or 327 IAC 15 before their repeal.
(b) Three (3) copies of the application package, one (1) of which may be electronic, for an approval of a CFO must be submitted to the commissioner in a format specified by the department.
(c) A complete application package must include all of the following information:
(1) A completed application on forms provided by the department.
(2) A plot map as described in section 2 of this rule.
(3) A farmstead plan as described in section 3 of this rule.
(4) A waste management system drawing as described in section 4 of this rule.
(5) A manure management plan as described in section 5 of this rule.
(6) Soil and water table information from test holes for proposed manure storage facilities that are conducted by a soil scientist registered under the Indiana board of registration for soil scientists, a professional geologist certified in Indiana under IC 25-17.6, or a professional engineer registered in Indiana. The number of test holes must be sufficient to adequately characterize the seasonal water table and soil. Test holes for concrete manure storage facilities must be at least two (2) feet below the base of the structure. If the manure storage facility is earthen, test holes must be:
(A) placed at a rate of two (2) holes for the first acre of storage and one (1) additional hole for each additional half acre of storage;
(B) evenly distributed throughout the storage structure;
(C) at least five (5) feet below the base of the structure for non-karst areas; or
(D) in accordance with 327 IAC 19-12-2(b)(3) in areas of karst terrain.
(7) A description of any proposed alternative to a specific requirement in this article to demonstrate equivalent environmental and human health protection in accordance with 327 IAC 19-5.
(8) A list of potentially affected parties, which includes those described in IC 13-18-10-2 and IC 13-15-8-2.
(9) A fee of one hundred dollars ($100), in accordance with IC 13-18-10-2(a)(5).
(10) Other plans or supplemental information that may be required by the commissioner to ensure compliance with this article. The commissioner shall provide written documentation of the basis for requiring any other plans or supplemental information.
(11) A statement affirming that AFOs adjacent to or contiguous with the CFO are not under common ownership or control of the applicant.
(12) Copies of any written waivers related to reduction of setback distances.
(13) Copies of all land use agreements as described in 327 IAC 19-14-2(b).
(d) Existing CFOs that are expanding must also provide a certification on a form provided by the department that enough acreage exists for land application. This certification must include any information provided to demonstrate that a smaller amount of acreage can be used under 327 IAC 19-14-2(c). This certification must be submitted in writing to the department.
327 IAC 19-7-2 Plot maps
Sec. 2. (a) The applicant shall submit plot maps of the location proposed for approval consisting of the following:
(1) A United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service soil survey map.
(2) A United States Geological Survey topographical map that includes identification of any public water supply wells and public water supply surface intake structures within one thousand (1,000) feet of the manure storage facilities.
(b) The maps in subsection (a) must be legible and clearly show the following:
(1) The location of the waste management systems.
(2) The boundaries of the property of the CFO.
(3) The boundaries of livestock and poultry production areas.
(4) The boundaries and owners of all manure application areas.
(5) Available acreage for manure application after calculation of setbacks.
These maps will satisfy the requirement for maps under section 5(a)(3) of this rule.
327 IAC 19-7-3 Farmstead plan
Sec. 3. (a) A farmstead plan must show all existing and proposed structures, including the most recent construction approval dates for all existing structures and, within five hundred (500) feet of the waste management systems, the following known features:
(1) Surface waters of the state.
(2) Public and private roads.
(3) Water well locations.
(4) Characteristics of karst terrain.
(5) Production area surface drainage patterns.
(6) Property boundary line.
(7) All outfalls of known subsurface drainage structures, including perimeter drain outfalls.
(8) Drainage inlets, including water and sediment control basins.
(9) Mortality management sites.
(10) Any residence.
(b) In addition to the information required in subsection (a), the farmstead plan must show the diversion of uncontaminated surface water.
(c) The farmstead plan must also show the type and number of animals per structure.
(d) The farmstead plan must be legible and either:
(1) drawn to approximate scale; or
(2) show specific distances between the:
(A) waste management systems; and
(B) features in subsection (a) that are within five hundred (500) feet of the existing or proposed waste management system.
(e) The farmstead plan must contain reference to true north.
(f) The farmstead plan must indicate any part of the CFO that is in a one hundred (100) year flood plain.
(g) The plan must be submitted on paper not less than eight and one-half (8 1/2) inches by eleven (11) inches in size and not more than twenty-four (24) inches by thirty-six (36) inches in size.
327 IAC 19-7-4 Waste management system drawing
Sec. 4. The waste management system drawing must show detailed views and necessary cross sections to define all dimensions and construction materials. Systems relying on gravity flow must provide elevations of the entire waste management system that relies on gravity.
327 IAC 19-7-5 Manure management plan
Sec. 5. (a) A manure management plan must be developed and submitted to the commissioner that contains the following:
(1) Procedures for soil testing as described in subsection (c).
(2) Procedures for manure testing as described in subsection (d).
(3) Plot maps as described in section 2(a)(1) and 2(b) of this rule.
(4) If applicable, the land application acreage requirements waiver, as described in 327 IAC 19-14-2(d).
(b) If applicable, the manure management plan must also contain a description of any:
(1) alternate methods proposed by the applicant for managing of the manure; and
(2) other practices to be used that assure the CFO meets the performance standards in this article.
(c) A soil test must be obtained that provides sufficient information about soil fertility to allow for nutrient recommendations for existing or planned crops. Soil tests may not represent more than twenty (20) acres per sample. The frequency of this testing must be:
(1) specified in the manure management plan; and
(2) conducted a minimum of once every four (4) years unless a different frequency is approved by the department in writing and is included in the manure management plan.
(d) A manure test must be obtained that provides sufficient information about the manure content to allow for nutrient recommendations for existing or planned crops and to minimize nutrient leaching. The frequency of this testing must be:
(2) conducted a minimum of once every year.
(e) Manure samples must be representative of the manure that is land applied. If manure is mixed from separate manure storage facilities prior to land application, a composite sample may be taken. If manure is land applied from separate and distinct storage facilities, a sample must be taken from each unique production system.
(f) A manure management plan must be submitted to the department at least one (1) time every five (5) years and with any approval application and renewal application to maintain a valid approval for the CFO. A copy of the current manure management plan must be maintained in the operating record.
327 IAC 19-7-6 Mortality management
Authority: IC 13-13-5-1; IC 13-15-1-2; IC 13-15-2-1
Affected: IC 13-18-10; IC 15-17-11
Sec. 6. (a) CFOs must carry out proper management of dead livestock as required by 345 IAC 7-7 to ensure that there shall be:
(1) no discharge of mortality or liquids that have been in contact with mortality to waters of the state; and
(2) no disposal in a manure storage facility that is not specifically designed to treat animal mortalities.
(b) Mortality composting sites must meet all of the following criteria:
(1) Be constructed and operated:
(A) to prevent:
(i) leaching, either through the use of earthen compaction or a concrete pad; and
(ii) run-on and runoff of storm water; and
(B) in accordance with IC 15-17-11.
(2) Comply with setbacks listed in 327 IAC 19-12-3.
Rule 8. Approval Process
327 IAC 19-8-1 Duration of approvals
Sec. 1. An approval shall be effective for a fixed term. That term begins when the approval is issued and is not to exceed five (5) years. An approval may be amended, revoked and reissued, or revoked prior to the expiration of the term for cause, as specified in sections 3 and 5 of this rule, or in accordance with conditions set forth in the approval. In no event may the term of an approval be extended beyond five (5) years from its original effective date by amendment, extension, or other means, except as provided in section 2(a) of this rule.
327 IAC 19-8-2 Approval renewals
Affected: IC 4-21.5; IC 13-11-2; IC 13-14; IC 13-15; IC 13-18-10-2.3; IC 13-30-3
Sec. 2. (a) If the owner/operator wishes to continue the activity regulated by the approval after the expiration date of the approval, the owner/operator shall apply for and obtain an approval renewal. The terms and conditions of an expired approval are automatically extended in full force and effect until the effective date of a renewal, if the:
(1) owner/operator has submitted a timely and complete application for an approval renewal under this article at least thirty (30) days prior to the expiration of the approval; and
(2) commissioner, through no fault of the owner/operator, does not issue an approval renewal prior to the expiration date of the previous approval.
(b) The application for approval renewal must be on a form provided by the department and contain the following:
(1) An updated manure management plan in accordance with 327 IAC 19-7-5.
(2) A current farmstead plan, as described in 327 IAC 19-7-3.
(3) A minimum number of acres for manure application, as described in 327 IAC 19-14-2(a).
(c) The approval renewal required under subsection (b) must be submitted at least thirty (30) days prior to the expiration of the approval. Approval renewals shall be issued for a fixed term not to exceed five (5) years from when the previous permit expires.
327 IAC 19-8-3 Amendments and notifications
Affected: IC 13-11-2; IC 13-14; IC 13-15-7-1; IC 13-18-10-2.1; IC 13-30
Sec. 3. (a) The department may issue amendments to approvals of a CFO at any time:
(1) under IC 13-18-10-2.1(i);
(2) at the request of the applicant to address changes at the CFO that do not require a new approval; or
(3) due to an increase in the amount of manure generated that reduces the storage capacity to less than the required storage capacity at the time of the most recent approval.
(b) The owner/operator must submit written notification to the department of any changes to the operation as approved. The department will review the changes and decide if amendments are necessary. At any time the department may decide an amendment is necessary, and the owner/operator must comply with the amended approval.
327 IAC 19-8-4 Denials
Affected: IC 13-11-2; IC 13-14; IC 13-15; IC 13-18-10-2.1; IC 13-30
Sec. 4. (a) The commissioner may deny an approval application or place conditions on an approval if:
(1) the CFO is, at the time of the approval application or approval decision, not in compliance with:
(A) all current approval conditions or compliance requirements;
(B) IC 13-18; or
(C) this article;
(2) the application is not on a form provided by the department or does not meet the requirements of this article; or
(3) a complete application has not been submitted after receipt of two (2) notices of the same deficiency on the new or renewal application;
or as provided in IC 13-18-10-2.1.
(b) All CFOs are subject to 327 IAC 19-7-1(e), as well as the conditions listed in this section.
327 IAC 19-8-5 Revocation
Affected: IC 13-11-2; IC 13-14; IC 13-15; IC 13-18-10; IC 13-30-3-11
Sec. 5. (a) The commissioner may revoke an approval or a condition of an approval as a result of a violation of:
(1) water pollution control laws;
(2) rules adopted under the water pollution control laws;
(3) IC 13-18-10;
(4) this article; or
(b) The commissioner may revoke an approval or condition or modify the terms of an approval through an order of the commissioner under IC 13-30-3-11.
(c) The commissioner shall provide written documentation of the basis for revoking an approval or a condition of an approval.
(d) Revocation of approval may happen at any time a violation is discovered, regardless of when the violation actually occurred.
327 IAC 19-8-6 Transferability
Sec. 6. (a) When ownership of a CFO is transferred, the parties completing the transaction shall request transfer of the approval from the department. This request must include a written agreement that is submitted to the commissioner within ninety (90) days of the transfer and must contain the following:
(1) A specific date for transfer of approval responsibilities.
(2) Identification of responsibility for any violations existing at the time of the transfer.
(b) Failure to comply with subsection (a) shall result in the following:
(1) Revocation of the existing CFO approval and possible penalties for operating without a valid approval.
(2) The necessity of the new owner/operator to submit an application for a new approval under 327 IAC 19-7-1.
327 IAC 19-8-7 Public comment periods and notifications
Affected: IC 13-11-2; IC 13-14; IC 13-15; IC 13-18-10-1; IC 13-30
Sec. 7. (a) An applicant who applies for approval under IC 13-18-10-1 to construct or expand a CFO on land for which a valid existing approval has not been issued shall make a reasonable effort to provide notice not more than ten (10) working days after submitting an application:
(1) to the county executive of the county in which the CFO is to be located or expanded; and
(2) to each owner and each occupant of land of which any part of the boundary is one-half (1/2) mile or less from the following:
(A) Any part of the proposed footprint of either or both of the following to be located on the land on which the CFO is to be located:
(i) A livestock or poultry production structure.
(ii) A permanent manure storage facility.
(B) Any part of the proposed footprint of either or both of the following to be located on the land on which the CFO is to be expanded:
(ii) The expanded area of a livestock or poultry production structure.
The notice must be completed on forms provided or approved by the commissioner, sent by mail, be in writing, include the date on which the application was submitted to the department, and include a brief description of the subject of the application. The notice must also include the dates comments will be accepted by the department in subsection (b). The applicant shall pay the cost of complying with this subsection. The applicant shall submit an affidavit to the department that certifies that the applicant has complied with this subsection, as well as submit a copy of the state form to the department that was sent to persons in this subsection.
(b) The department shall accept written comments for a thirty-three (33) day period following the date of mailing of the notice required under subsection (a).
(c) A public meeting on an approval application may be held at the commissioner's discretion in appropriate cases where environmental concerns relevant to applicable rules or laws are raised.
Rule 9. Operating Record
327 IAC 19-9-1 Requirements
Affected: IC 13-11-2; IC 13-14; IC 13-15; IC 13-18-10; IC 13-30
Sec. 1. (a) All valid approvals, amendments, renewals, and notifications relevant to the approvals must be:
(1) added to the operating record in accordance with required time frames established in this article and IC 13-18-10; and
(2) maintained and updated in the operating record.
(b) The operating record must also contain all records from the following, if applicable:
(1) 327 IAC 19-7-1(c) and 327 IAC 19-7-1(d), all requirements within the current version of the complete application.
(2) 327 IAC 19-7-3, the farmstead plan.
(3) 327 IAC 19-7-5, the manure management plan.
(4) 327 IAC 19-10, a ground water monitoring plan.
(5) 327 IAC 19-11-2(c), the storm water management certification.
(6) 327 IAC 19-12-4(d), certification by a registered professional engineer.
(7) 327 IAC 19-12-4(r) and 327 IAC 19-12-4(s), regarding construction requirements.
(8) 327 IAC 19-13-1(f), regarding completed self-monitoring records for five (5) years.
(9) 327 IAC 19-13-4, the current emergency response plan, and documentation of any spill response implemented by CFO personnel within the past five (5) years.
(10) Updated calculation of minimum acreage required to meet land application requirements under 327 IAC 19-14-2(a), and copies of all land use agreements described in 327 IAC 19-14-2(b).
(11) 327 IAC 19-14-3(b), justification of nitrogen losses.
(12) 327 IAC 19-14-3(f), regarding land application records for five (5) years.
(13) 327 IAC 19-14-4(h), regarding emergency land application of manure.
(14) 327 IAC 19-14-5, a spray irrigation plan.
(15) 327 IAC 19-14-6(d), regarding land application monitoring activities.
(16) 327 IAC 19-14-7(c), regarding marketing and distribution records for five (5) years.
(17) Documentation of maintenance activities on liquid manure storage facilities.
(18) Copies of any written waivers related to reduction of the set back distances.
(19) All required permits issued by the department.
Rule 10. Ground Water Monitoring
327 IAC 19-10-1 Ground water monitoring
Affected: IC 13-18-10
Sec. 1. (a) Ground water monitoring may be required when the commissioner makes a determination that the monitoring is required to protect human health and the environment. The commissioner shall make a written determination describing the basis for the need for ground water monitoring based on information provided about any of the following:
(1) Proximity of ground water aquifer to waste management systems.
(2) Soil types located at and around the proposed waste management systems.
(3) Site-specific factors at the location of the proposed waste management system that may elevate the potential for contamination of the ground water aquifer.
(b) The commissioner may request additional information from an owner/operator to complete the written determination in subsection (a).
(c) All CFOs required to conduct ground water monitoring must comply with the requirements of this section.
(d) Owners/operators of a manure storage facility shall develop and follow a written ground water monitoring plan. This plan must:
(1) be approved by the department;
(2) be kept in the operating record; and
(3) include:
(A) at least the following monitoring parameters:
(i) field pH;
(ii) field specific conductance;
(iii) nitrates;
(iv) chloride;
(v) fecal coliform bacteria;
(vi) sulfate; and
(vii) total dissolved solids;
(B) monitoring frequency;
(C) sample collection method and identification;
(D) sample preservation and shipment, including field quality control;
(E) analytical procedures, including:
(i) method detection limits; and
(ii) practical quantitation limits;
(F) chain of custody control; and
(G) a description of how the owner/operator shall determine whether there is a statistically significant increase over background values for each parameter monitored, with the exception of field pH and field specific conductance. The owner/operator shall make these statistical determinations each time the owner/operator collects samples.
(e) If the owner/operator determines under subsection (d)(3)(G) that there is a statistically significant increase for parameters at any monitoring device, the owner/operator shall notify the commissioner of this finding in writing within fourteen (14) days. The notification must indicate what parameters have shown statistically significant increases over background levels. The department may then require corrective action.
(f) Owners/operators must submit the results of ground water monitoring to the department within sixty (60) days of sampling.
(g) Required monitoring must be conducted throughout the active life of the storage facility. Ground water monitoring may be extended beyond the active life of the manure storage facility if a corrective action program is being conducted at the facility.
(Water Pollution Control Board; 327 IAC 19-10-1; filed Feb 6, 2012, 2:58 p.m.: 20120307-IR-327090615FRA, eff Jul 1, 2012)
Rule 11. Storm Water Management
327 IAC 19-11-1 Applicability
Sec. 1. (a) All CFOs that are defined as concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) in 40 CFR 122.23(b)(2) and all CAFOs with a NPDES permit must meet the storm water requirements in 40 CFR 122.23(e) and 40 CFR 122.42(e)(1) through 40 CFR 122.42(e)(2).
(b) All CFOs not defined as a CAFO in subsection (a) must comply with section 2 of this rule.
327 IAC 19-11-2 Storm water management
Sec. 2. (a) When evaluating storm water management, CFOs must consider the following:
(1) All activities and significant materials that may reasonably be expected to add significant amounts of pollutants to storm water draining from the facility.
(2) The potential pollutant sources from the following:
(A) Immediate access roads and rail lines at the CFO used or traveled by carriers of raw materials, waste material, or byproducts used or created by the facility.
(B) Refuse sites.
(C) Sites used for the storage and maintenance of material handling equipment.
(D) Shipping and receiving areas.
(E) Paved, dirt, or gravel parking areas for storage of vehicles to be maintained.
(F) Materials that are treated, stored, or disposed of in a manner to allow exposure to storm water where that exposure may release contaminants into the storm water.
(G) The method and location of on-site storage or disposal of significant materials.
(3) The location of existing structural and nonstructural control measures to reduce pollutants in storm water runoff.
(4) Materials management practices employed to minimize contact of materials with storm water runoff.
(b) The following storm water management practices must be implemented:
(1) Good housekeeping. All areas that may contribute pollutants to storm water discharges should be maintained in a clean, orderly manner.
(2) Preventative maintenance. A preventative maintenance program including timely inspection and maintenance schedule of storm water management devices.
(3) Sediment and erosion control. Identify areas that, due to topography, activities, or other factors, have a high potential for significant soil erosion and identify structural, vegetative, and initiate stabilization measures to limit erosion.
(4) Management of storm water runoff. Practices (other than those that control the generation or source or sources of pollutants) used to divert, infiltrate, reuse, or otherwise manage storm water runoff so as to reduce pollutants in storm water discharges from the site.
(c) The owner/operator of the CFO must complete a certification on a form provided by the department that the requirements of this section have been met. This certification must be kept in the operating record.
(d) If the implemented storm water pollution prevention practices are deemed ineffective by the department, the commissioner may require additional measures to be taken. The commissioner shall provide written documentation describing the basis for any required changes.
Rule 12. Manure Handling and Storage; Site, Design, and Construction Requirements for Waste Management Systems
327 IAC 19-12-1 Applicability and availability of standards
Sec. 1. (a) This rule applies to waste management systems approved for construction after the effective date of this article.
(b) Indiana NRCS conservation practice standards and construction specifications are available from the Natural Resources Conservation Service, Indiana Field Office, 6013 Lakeside Boulevard, Indianapolis, Indiana 46278-2933 or online at http://www.in.nrcs.usda.gov/. The standards may be viewed and copied at IDEM Office of Land Quality, 100 North Senate Avenue, Eleventh Floor, Indianapolis, Indiana.
327 IAC 19-12-2 Site restrictions
Sec. 2. (a) Waste management systems must not be constructed:
(1) except for subsection (b), in karst terrain based on information compiled by the department, and from karst and bedrock maps from the Indiana Geological Survey dated 1997;
(2) in a floodway;
(3) in a one hundred (100) year flood plain, unless all waste management system access is at least two (2) feet above the one hundred (100) year flood plain and structurally sound without lowering flood waters or the seasonal water table below the bottom of the waste management system;
(4) over mines; or
(5) in soil types that are expected to have a seasonal high water table, unless the water table is lowered to keep the water table below the bottom of the waste management system.
(b) The commissioner may approve a waste management system to be constructed in karst terrain based upon the following site-specific information submitted to the commissioner:
(1) Characterization of the seasonal water table and soil.
(2) Design and construction specifications that assure adequate structural integrity and environmental protection.
(3) For manure storage facilities that are earthen, in addition to 327 IAC 19-7-1(c)(6), information from at least one (1) of the soil borings or test holes to the shallower of either:
(A) bedrock; or
(B) ten (10) feet below the lowest point of the proposed waste management system.
(4) Other information that the commissioner deems necessary to ensure protection of human health and the environment.
327 IAC 19-12-3 Setbacks
Sec. 3. (a) Waste management systems must be located to maintain the minimum setback distances from the following features that are known and identifiable at the time an application is submitted for approval:
(1) One thousand (1,000) feet from a public water supply well or public water supply surface intake structure.
(2) Except for subsection (c), three hundred (300) feet from the following:
(A) Surface water.
(B) Drainage inlets, including water and sediment control basins.
(C) Sinkholes, as measured from the surficial opening or the lowest point of the feature.
(D) Off-site water wells.
(3) One hundred (100) feet from the following:
(A) On-site water wells.
(B) Property lines.
(C) Public roads.
(4) Four hundred (400) feet from existing off-site residential and public buildings.
(b) A manure storage facility that contains solid manure must be maintained to have a minimum setback of one hundred (100) feet from the features in subdivision [subsection] (a)(2) but must comply with the setbacks in subdivisions [subsection] (a)(1) and (a)(3) through (a)(4).
(c) If one (1) of the features in subsection (b) is constructed within the specified setback distances to an existing waste management system, a new waste management system may be constructed to maintain the same setback between the existing waste management system and the feature, providing that the feature was:
(1) not under the control of the owner/operator of the CFO; and
(2) constructed after the application for original waste management system was submitted to the department.
(d) The owner/operator may obtain a reduced setback under 327 IAC 19-5 by demonstrating to the commissioner that a different compliance approach meets the performance standards in 327 IAC 19-3-1.
(e) The property line setback distances in this section may be waived in writing by the owner of the adjoining property.
327 IAC 19-12-4 Storage capacity and design requirements
Sec. 4. (a) An alternate design may be approved by the commissioner if it is shown to provide an equivalent amount of environmental protection.
(b) All waste management systems must be designed to not discharge to surface waters of the state. If a waste management system discharges or is designed to discharge, a NPDES CAFO permit under 40 CFR 122.23 is required.
(c) All manure storage facilities for the CFO must be designed, constructed, and maintained with a combined storage capacity of at least one hundred eighty (180) days storage for the following:
(1) All materials entering the manure storage facility.
(2) If applicable, the expected precipitation and runoff from a twenty-five (25) year, twenty-four (24) hour precipitation event that falls on the drainage area around the manure storage facility that contains liquid.
Calculations for manure excretion characteristics must be based on ASAE D384.2: Manure Production and Characteristics, March 2005, available from the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, Michigan 49085-9659, or online at http://evo31.ae.iastate.edu/ifafs/doc/pdf/ASAE_D384.2.pdf.
(d) All liquid manure storage facilities must be constructed according to the Indiana NRCS Conservation Practice Standard Code 313: Waste Storage Facility, September 2005. Construction of all liquid manure storage facilities approved after the effective date of this article must be certified upon completion by a registered professional engineer on a form provided by the department. The engineer's certification must be kept in the operating record and submitted with the affidavit required by subsection (s).
(e) In addition to subsection (d), all concrete manure storage facilities must be constructed according to either of the following design standards:
(1) MWPS-36: Rectangular Concrete Manure Storages, Second Edition, 2005*.
(2) TR-9: Circular Concrete Manure Tanks, March 1998*.
All concrete structures must be constructed according to the Indiana NRCS Construction Specification, Concrete Construction, October 2005, available online at http://www.in.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/engineering/ConsSpecifications/pdf/concconstr.pdf.
*Available from MidWest Plan Service, 122 Davidson Hall, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3080.
(f) All earthen manure storage lagoons utilized for treatment must be constructed according to the Indiana NRCS Conservation Practice Standard Code 359: Waste Treatment Lagoon, September 2005.
(g) Manure storage facilities that contain solid manure may not be constructed in sand or gravel soils, Unified Soil Classification of Pt, GW, GP, GM, GC, SW, SP, SM, as described in ASTM D2488-09a Standard Practice for Description and Identification of Soils (Visual-Manual Procedure), available from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, unless specially designed with an approved liner, in accordance with section 5 of this rule.
(h) Waste management systems not specifically listed in this section must be designed and constructed in accordance with the requirements of IC 13-18-10-4(b). The design must be submitted to the department for approval under subsection (a) before construction can commence.
(i) Pipelines must be constructed according to the Indiana NRCS Conservation Practice Standard Code 634: Waste Transfer, October 2010.
(j) Installation of underground steel storage tanks for manure is prohibited.
(k) Plastic and fiberglass tanks and aboveground steel tanks must comply with the following:
(1) Tanks must have sufficient strength to withstand design loads.
(2) All tanks must be watertight.
(3) Tanks used to store any objectionable or hazardous substances must be cleaned to remove any traces of the other substances prior to addition of manure to the tank.
(4) Tanks must be designed and installed to ensure the seasonal high water table is maintained below the tank or the tank must be anchored to prevent flotation.
(5) Aboveground tanks must have protected shutoff valves for all inlet and outlet pipes.
(l) Vegetative management systems must be constructed according to the Indiana NRCS Conservation Practice Standard Code 635: Vegetated Treatment Area; October 2008.
(m) Constructed wetlands must be constructed according to the Indiana NRCS Conservation Practice Standard Code 656: Constructed Wetland; October 2006.
(n) Any drainage system to lower a seasonal water table around the base of a waste management system must be equipped with an access point for sampling within fifty (50) feet of the waste management system.
(o) Any drainage system to lower the seasonal water table around the base of a waste management system must be designed and installed to:
(1) effectively collect and drain the ground water;
(2) be of adequate size, proper slopes, and proper distance from the waste management system;
(3) be provided with sumps, pumps (including a backup pump), and electricity supply, if applicable;
(4) if applicable, have a surface outlet that is at least fifty (50) feet away from the building, and at least:
(A) fifty (50) feet from the property line in soils with a permeability of one-half (1/2) inch per hour or less; or
(B) twenty (20) feet from the property line in soils with a permeability greater than one-half (1/2) inch per hour; and
(5) have a shut-off valve or equivalent.
(p) Any field tiles or drainage outlets encountered during construction must be cut back at least fifty (50) feet from the edge of a berm or concrete pit or earthen structure and blocked or rerouted in accordance with any applicable local approval requirements.
(q) The commissioner may incorporate conditions into the approval that require testing to verify that the manure storage facility is consistent with the design and performance standards established in this article.
(r) The owner/operator shall notify the commissioner in writing two (2) days prior to scheduled construction of a waste management system. If an owner/operator completes construction of an approved waste management system and wishes to utilize that portion prior to finishing construction of the entire facility, multiple notices shall be submitted.
(s) The applicant shall execute and send to the commissioner an affidavit, under penalty of perjury, that a waste management system was constructed, and shall be operated, in accordance with the requirements of the approval and this article. The owner/operator must submit to IDEM, on a form provided by the department, the affidavit within thirty (30) days after the date construction of an approved waste management structure is completed, and prior to the introduction of any animals or manure. The affidavit must be completed, notarized, and returned to IDEM assuring that the waste management system was constructed and shall be operated in accordance with the requirements of the approval. The affidavit must also include identification of what parts of the waste management system are completed at the time of submittal. If an owner/operator performs partial construction of an approved facility and wishes to utilize that portion prior to completing construction of the entire facility, multiple affidavits shall be submitted. No portion of a waste management system, including animal feed and similar feedstock storage areas, shall be utilized unless that portion, or a combination of the waste management system for that portion, is completely constructed prior to the introduction of animals and provides a minimum of one hundred eighty (180) days storage for manure, wastewater, and/or leachate.
327 IAC 19-12-5 Design requirements for liners
Sec. 5. (a) The soil or foundation of a manure storage pond or manure treatment lagoon shall have a maximum specific discharge of 1/16 in 3/in 2/day (1.8x10 -6cm 3/cm2/sec). This requirement may be satisfied by soil testing that shows a minimum of three (3) feet of in situ soils that meet the maximum specific discharge criteria. The soil must be over-excavated a minimum of six (6) inches and recompacted to break up the existing macropore structure.
(b) If there is not at least three (3) feet of in situ soils that meet the maximum specific discharge criteria in subsection (a), a liner must be used. Except for clay liners described in subsection (c), liners used in manure storage facilities must meet any of the following design standards:
(1) Indiana NRCS Conservation Practice Standard Code 521A: Pond Sealing or Lining, Flexible Membrane, October 2006.
(2) Indiana NRCS Conservation Practice Standard Code 521B: Pond Sealing or Lining, Soil Dispersant, October 2006.
(3) Indiana NRCS Conservation Practice Standard Code 521C: Pond Sealing or Lining, Bentonite Sealant, October 2006.
(c) Clay liners shall be a minimum of one (1) foot thick and have a maximum specific discharge of 1/16 in3/in2/day (1.8x10-6cm3/cm2/sec).
Rule 13. Manure Handling and Storage; Operational Requirements
327 IAC 19-13-1 Maintenance requirements
Sec. 1. (a) All waste management systems and application equipment must be maintained and operated to meet the approval conditions.
(b) Management of manure must be in compliance with the following:
(1) This article.
(2) The CFO approval.
(3) All applicable state and federal laws.
(c) Manure at the production area must be stored in an approved waste management system until removed for land application in accordance with 327 IAC 19-14.
(d) If uncovered, liquid manure storage facilities must be maintained with a minimum freeboard of two (2) feet or as specified in the approval conditions.
(e) Uncovered liquid manure storage facilities must have clearly identified markers to indicate manure levels relative to the approved freeboard elevation.
(f) The owner/operator shall inspect all waste management systems for compliance with this article and the approval conditions and, if applicable, freeboard measures as specified in the approval, at least one (1) time each week. Completed self-monitoring records must be kept in the operating record.
(g) All earthen berms for manure storage facilities must be:
(1) stabilized with vegetation or alternative erosion control measures; and
(2) maintained to allow for visual inspection and prevent growth of trees and shrubs.
(h) An owner/operator with an approved vegetative management system must operate and maintain the vegetative management system to provide effective treatment in accordance with the approval.
(i) Migration of solids from contaminated runoff from any feedlot is prohibited unless directed to an approved manure storage facility.
(j) Provisions shall be made for periodic removal of accumulated solids to preserve storage capacity. The anticipated method for doing this must be considered in planning, particularly in determining the configuration of ponds and type of liner, if any.
327 IAC 19-13-2 Digesters and other energy recovery systems
Affected: IC 13-11-2; IC 13-14-12; IC 13-18; IC 13-20-10.5; IC 13-30
Sec. 2. Any manure digester or energy recovery system located at a CFO or CAFO that receives only biomass, as defined in IC 13-11-2-16.6, must be approved as a waste management system in accordance with IC 13-20-10.5.
327 IAC 19-13-3 Transport and handling
Sec. 3. Pumping, dumping, or allowing the leakage or drainage of manure from a manure transfer vehicle onto unauthorized premises, public thoroughfares, or into waters of the state is prohibited.
327 IAC 19-13-4 Emergency response plan
Sec. 4. (a) The owner/operator of a CFO shall develop an emergency response plan to be kept in the operating record. The plan shall contain the following:
(1) Procedures for the following:
(A) Containing a manure release to prevent it from reaching waters of the state.
(B) Locating the source of the manure release and stopping the flow of manure or waste liquids.
(C) Returning released manure or waste liquids to an approved waste management system.
(D) Land applying released manure in accordance with 327 IAC 19-14.
(E) Contacting the following:
(i) The owner/operator.
(ii) Any applicable local emergency or health authorities.
(2) The names and telephone numbers of persons who are identified by the owner/operator as responsible for implementing the emergency response plan.
(3) Areas where potential manure releases can occur and their accompanying drainage points.
(4) Identification of equipment and cleanup materials to be used in the event of a manure release.
(b) The owner/operator must implement the emergency response plan anytime a manure release occurs. If a manure release reaches waters of the state, the owner/operator must also comply with subsection (c).
(c) If a spill reaches waters of the state, the following procedures must be followed:
(1) As soon as possible, but within two (2) hours of discovery, communicate a spill report to the department of environmental management, office of land quality, emergency response section: (888) 233-7745 for in-state calls (toll free) or (317) 233-7745 for out-of-state calls. If new or updated spill report information becomes known that indicates a significant increase in the likelihood of damage to the waters of the state, the responsible party shall notify the department as soon as possible but within two (2) hours of the time the new or updated information becomes known.
(2) Submit to the Indiana Department of Environmental Management, Office of Land Quality, Emergency Response Section (MC 66-30), 2525 N. Shadeland Ave., Suite 100, Indianapolis, IN 46219-1787, a written copy of the spill report if requested in writing by the department.
(3) Except from modes of transportation other than pipelines, exercise due diligence and document attempts to notify the following:
(A) For manure releases or spills to surface water that cause damage, the nearest affected downstream water user located within ten (10) miles of the spill and in the state of Indiana.
(B) For manure releases or spills to soil outside the facility boundary, the affected property owner or owners, operator or operators, or occupant or occupants.
Rule 14. Land Application of Manure
Sec. 1. Land application of manure, litter, or process wastewater to land that is:
(1) owned by the permittee;
(2) rented by the permittee; or
(3) utilized by the permittee under an agreement for land use;
shall be done in accordance with the requirements of this rule.
327 IAC 19-14-2 Required acreage for manure application
Sec. 2. (a) All CFOs must maintain a minimum number of acres for manure application based on manure application rates from section 3 of this rule. This must be:
(1) documented in the operating record at all times; and
(2) included in all applications required under IC 13-18-10-1(2).
(b) Any acreage identified as part of the minimum required acreage for the application of manure, litter, or process wastewater that is not owned by the owner or operator of the CFO must be documented in the operating record by land use agreements signed by the property owners on whose property the manure, litter, or process wastewater will or may be applied. If the property is held under a lease or managed by someone other than the property owner, such person in responsible control of the property with authority to approve the application of manure on the land may sign the land use agreement. The land use agreement shall specify the location of each parcel of land upon which manure may be applied and the available acreage on each parcel after calculation of setbacks.
(c) If the applicant can demonstrate to the satisfaction of the commissioner that a smaller amount of acreage can be used and is equally protective of human health and the environment, the commissioner may approve the different amount of acreage based on site-specific criteria submitted with the application package, including:
(1) type of manure generated;
(2) alternate methods of managing manure;
(3) innovative technology;
(4) the marketing and distribution of manure as described in section 7 of this rule; or
(5) other criteria related to protection of human health or the environment.
(d) Copies of any written waivers related to reduction of the property line setback distances must be kept in the operating record.
327 IAC 19-14-3 Manure application rates
Sec. 3. (a) The owner/operator of a CFO shall have the results of a soil test prior to any land application events, as well as a manure test. Soil and manure tests shall be conducted in accordance with the manure management plan that is submitted to the commissioner to meet the requirement in 327 IAC 19-7-1(c)(5).
(b) The application rate of nitrogen (N) must not exceed the N requirements based on the recommendations in:
(1) Purdue University Cooperative Extension Service publication ID-101: Animal Manure as a Plant Nutrient Resource, February 2001, available from the Cooperative Extension Service, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907; or
(2) Tri-State Fertilizer Recommendations for Corn, Soybeans, Wheat and Alfalfa, Extension Bulletin E-2567 (New), July 1995, available from the Cooperative Extension Service, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907;
for current or planned crops of the upcoming growing season as documented in the operating record. Minimum N loss estimates must be used unless otherwise justified. This justification must be kept in the operating record.
(c) For the first manure application only, nutrient content of manure from facilities constructed after the effective date of this article shall be based on either:
(1) manure test values as described in 327 IAC 19-7-5(d); or
(2) values in the NRCS Agricultural Waste Management Field Handbook (AWMFH) Chapter 4, March 2008, available from the Natural Resources Conservation Service, West National Technology Support Center, 1201 NE Lloyd Boulevard, Suite 1000, Portland, OR 97232 or online at http://policy.nrcs.usda.gov/OpenNonWebContent.aspx?content=17768.wba and applied at fifty percent (50%) of the rate listed in subsection (b).
For all subsequent manure application events, nutrient content values must be based on manure test values.
(d) As of the effective date of this article, the following must comply with the phosphorus application rates in Table 1:
(1) Large CAFOs, as defined in 40 CFR 122.23(b) that were approved for initial construction after February 13, 2003.
(2) CAFOs with a NPDES permit.
(3) CFOs approved for initial construction after the effective date of this article.
PHOSPHORUS APPLICATION RATES FOR LARGE CAFOS APPROVED FOR INITIAL CONSTRUCTION AFTER FEBRUARY 13, 2003 AND CFOS APPROVED FOR INITIAL CONSTRUCTION AFTER THE EFFECTIVE DATE OF THIS ARTICLE
Soil test level (ppm) Application rate
0-50 N based
51-100 1.5 × P crop removal
101-200 1.0 × P crop removal
201+ 0
(e) Beginning with the effective date of this article, CFOs and CAFOs not listed in subsection (d) must comply with the phosphorus application rates in Table 2:
PHOSPHORUS APPLICATION RATES FOR ALL OTHER CFOS AND CAFOS
Soil test level (ppm) YEAR1
2012-2013 2014-2015 2016-2017 2018+
0-50 N based N based N based N based
51-100 1.5 × P crop removal 1.5 × P crop removal 1.5 × P crop removal 1.5 × P crop removal
101-200 1.0 × P crop removal 1.0 × P crop removal 1.0 × P crop removal 1.0 × P crop removal
201-250 0.9 × P crop removal 0.75 × P crop removal 0.75 × P crop removal 0
251-275 0.9 × P crop removal 0.75 × P crop removal 0.5 × P crop removal 0
301-350 0.7 × P crop removal 0.5 × P crop removal 0 0
351-400 0.7 × P crop removal 0.25 × P crop removal 0 0
401+ 0 0 0 0
1 Multiple years of phosphorus may be applied as long as the net average of phosphorus does not exceed the amounts indicated in Table 1.
(f) The following land application information must be added to the operating record as needed in accordance with required time frames established in this article and IC 13-18-10 and must be maintained and updated in the operating record:
(1) Expected crop yields.
(2) The date or dates manure, litter, or process wastewater is applied to each field.
(3) Precipitation events at the time of application and for twenty-four (24) hours prior to and following application.
(4) Test methods used to sample and analyze manure, litter, process wastewater, and soil.
(5) Results from manure, litter, process wastewater, and soil sampling.
(6) An explanation of the basis for determining manure, litter, and process wastewater application rates.
(7) Calculations showing the manure nitrogen and phosphorus to be applied to each field.
(8) Total amount of nitrogen and phosphorus actually applied to each field, including documentation of calculations for the total amount applied.
(9) The method used to apply the manure, litter, or process wastewater.
(10) The date or dates of manure, litter, and process wastewater application equipment inspection.
(11) USDA soil survey maps of currently available land application sites.
(12) The type of manure applied.
(13) A written conservation plan with an explanation of conservation practices used must be completed and implemented prior to land application on highly erodible land, if required in section 4(j) of this rule. CAFOs with a NPDES permit must have a nutrient management plan prior to land application on highly erodible land.
327 IAC 19-14-4 Manure application activities
Sec. 4. (a) Manure that is staged at the manure application site for more than seventy-two (72) hours must be:
(1) covered or adequately bermed to prevent run-on or runoff;
(2) applied to the site within ninety (90) days;
(3) set back from property lines and public roads one hundred (100) feet; and
(4) set back from residential buildings four hundred (400) feet.
(b) Staging of manure at the manure application site is prohibited:
(1) within three hundred (300) feet of surface water, drainage inlets, including water and sediment control basins, or water wells unless there is a:
(A) barrier; or
(B) surface gradient that contains or directs any contaminated runoff away from the waters of the state, drainage inlets, including water and sediment control basins, or water wells;
(2) on any area with a slope greater than six percent (6%), unless run-on and runoff is controlled;
(3) on any standing water or waterway; or
(4) in any flood plain for more than seventy-two (72) hours.
(c) Solid manure, litter, or contaminated bedding may not be placed outside of any approved manure storage facility at the CFO overnight for more than twenty-four (24) hours or during inclement weather.
(d) The application of manure is prohibited in the following conditions:
(1) Saturated ground.
(2) Manure applied from manure application equipment operating on a public road.
(e) For large CAFOs, as defined in 40 CFR 122.23(b), and CAFOs with a NPDES permit, surface application of manure, litter, or process wastewater to frozen or snow covered ground is prohibited, unless allowed under a NPDES permit obtained by the CAFO. Injection or incorporation of manure into the soil on the same day is not prohibited.
(f) CFOs not described in subsection (e) may surface apply manure on frozen or snow covered ground in accordance with subsections (g) through (i). Injection or incorporation of manure into the soil on the same day is not prohibited.
(g) For purposes of this section, an emergency application is only allowed when there is an immediate need to apply manure to comply with the manure storage requirement of 327 IAC 19-12-4 due to unforeseen circumstances affecting the storage of the liquid manure. The unforeseen circumstances must be beyond the control of the owner of the CFO, including, but not limited to, natural disaster, extreme weather conditions, or equipment or structural failure. The need to apply manure to maintain required storage capacity due to improper design or management of the manure storage facility, including, but not limited to, a failure to properly account for the volume of manure to be stored shall not be considered an emergency.
(h) The following requirements apply to all emergency land application of manure on frozen or snow covered ground:
(1) The person must notify the appropriate department field office by telephone prior to the application.
(2) The following information must be provided or the notification will not be considered complete:
(A) The CFO owner's name.
(B) The facility name.
(C) The facility ID number.
(D) The reason for emergency application.
(E) The date of land application.
(F) The estimated number of gallons of manure to be applied.
(G) The location of the application fields.
The owner must document the emergency as well as actions taken to abate it and keep that information in the CFO's operating record.
(3) The manure must be applied in accordance with all land application requirements of this rule and additionally, may only be applied on a field where the following conditions are met:
(A) No application to land with a slope greater than two percent (2%), unless there is forty percent (40%) crop residue or vegetated crop cover on the land application site.
(B) No application in a flood plain.
(C) Application may not be closer than two hundred (200) feet from any surface water.
(D) The application rate for all farms can be no more than a total of fifty percent (50%) of the agronomic rate, based on Table 1 of section 3 of this rule.
(4) Once the emergency is abated, land application of manure must cease to frozen or snow covered ground.
(i) For a CFO that is not a large CAFO with one hundred twenty (120) days or less of approved storage capacity, the commissioner may authorize application of manure to frozen or snow-covered ground on a case-by-case basis. The CFO must:
(1) provide proof of available storage capacity to the commissioner; and
(2) comply with subdivision [subsection] (h)(3).
This authorization terminates when a discharge to waters of the state or a water quality violation is documented.
(j) Manure must not be applied to highly erodible land unless:
(1) the land has forty percent (40%) residue protection or crop cover; or
(2) it is applied in accordance with a conservation plan described in section 3(f)(13) of this rule.
(k) Any manure application, except those described in subsection (l), that causes a water quality violation:
(1) is a violation of this article; and
(2) may result in enforcement action.
(l) Subsection (k) does not apply to organic or inorganic matter that consists of fertilizer material that:
(1) is contained in:
(A) runoff from a storm event; or
(B) irrigation return flow; and
(2) enters waters of Indiana as a result of land application of the fertilizer material that is:
(A) for agricultural purposes;
(B) done at appropriate agronomic rates for proper nutrient uptake in the field;
(C) applied in accordance with this rule; and
(D) documented.
327 IAC 19-14-5 Spray irrigation
Sec. 5. (a) Spray irrigation of manure and process wastewater must be conducted to prevent equipment leaks and excessive application. Application is deemed excessive when the application rate exceeds the infiltration rate of the soil where the application is occurring.
(b) Application must be conducted:
(1) under the constant supervision of a person; or
(2) with devices to detect pressure loss due to leaks and devices to shut down the system if leaks are detected.
(c) Manure and process wastewater must not be applied by spray irrigation to any land that has less than twenty (20) inches of soil above the bedrock.
(d) Spray irrigation in a flood plain is prohibited unless the following conditions are met:
(1) The setback from surface water is increased to two hundred (200) feet.
(2) Spraying is only done during months that the NRCS soil data mart indicates have a low potential for flooding.
(3) There is no expectation of flooding, based on:
(A) available weather forecast information; and
(B) rainfall or flood conditions upstream of the land application area.
(4) A spray irrigation plan is completed, which must be kept in the operating record and includes the following:
(A) A map of the flood plain area.
(B) A timeline of when the spraying will occur.
(C) A description of the methods used in subsection (b).
327 IAC 19-14-6 Manure application setbacks
Sec. 6. (a) Except as otherwise provided under this section, application of manure and process wastewater must be in accordance with the setbacks in Table A: Manure Application Setback Distances, from Indiana NRCS conservation practice standard 633: Waste Utilization, October 2007, as follows:
(1) All setback distances must be measured from the edge of the area of actual placement of manure or process wastewater on the land.
(2) The property line setback distances in this subsection may be waived in writing by the owner of the adjoining property.
(3) The setback is the width of the filter strip if a properly designed and maintained filter strip of at least fifty (50) feet in width is located between the application site and any of the following:
(B) Any known private well.
(C) The surface opening or lowest point of any sinkhole.
(D) Any drainage inlet, including water and sediment control basins.
(4) The setback is ten (10) feet if a gradient barrier is located between the application site and any of the following:
(B) Any known well.
(b) When planning land application, the owner/operator must take into account the:
(1) weather forecast and likelihood of precipitation events for the twenty-four (24) hour period before and after the application; and
(2) site soil conditions;
to assure that manure and process wastewater are not applied before, during, or immediately following a rain event that, when combined with soil conditions, would likely result in runoff.
(c) Land application sites must be inspected to identify any field tile outlets, grassed waterways, and surface water conveyance channels under or immediately bordering the land application site. Monitoring of identified field tile outlets, waterways, and surface water conveyance channels based on:
(1) color;
(2) flow;
(3) volume and volume change; and
(4) odor and change in odor;
must occur during and immediately following land application of the manure or process wastewater. If there is evidence of manure or process wastewater discharging from the field tile outlet, the land application must cease immediately and the flow stopped or captured. Any flow that is captured shall be either land applied or returned to an approved manure storage facility.
(d) The monitoring activities conducted in accordance with subsection (c) must be documented and placed in the operating record.
327 IAC 19-14-7 Marketing and distribution of manure
Sec. 7. (a) The owner/operator of the CFO shall provide an information sheet to any person that receives or purchases more than ten (10) cubic yards of dry manure or four thousand (4,000) gallons of liquid manure in a year from the CFO unless the owner/operator takes responsibility for applying the manure.
(b) The information sheet must contain, at a minimum, the following information:
(1) The name and address of the CFO providing the manure.
(2) A statement indicating that it is unlawful to allow the manure to enter any waters of the state.
(3) Information on the nutrient content of the manure.
(4) The manure application requirements of this rule.
(c) The operating record must contain and be maintained and updated with records of any person who receives or purchases more than ten (10) cubic yards of dry manure or four thousand (4,000) gallons of liquid manure in a year to include the following:
(1) The name and address of the person receiving or purchasing the manure.
(2) The amount of manure received or purchased by the person.
(3) A copy of the information sheet.
(d) If a manure distribution program is used, IDEM may allow for a waiver of some or all of a facility's total land application acreage requirements based on submittal of:
(1) the documentation as described in subsections (b) and (c) from the previous three (3) years showing the amount of manure produced and marketed at the facility; or
(2) contracts for the entire approval term for marketing the projected amount of manure produced at the facility.
(e) All records in this section must be made available to a representative of the department during an inspection.
Rule 15. Decommissioning of Manure Storage Facilities
Sec. 1. The owner/operator of a CFO subject to this article that plans to decommission a manure storage facility must comply with the requirements in section 2 of this rule. A manure storage facility is deemed decommissioned when the environmental threat has been removed.
327 IAC 19-15-2 General requirements
Sec. 2. (a) The owner/operator of a CFO that plans to decommission a manure storage facility shall do the following:
(1) Decommission the manure storage facility in accordance with the requirements in this section prior to expiration of the approval.
(2) Continue to maintain the manure storage facility in accordance with the requirements of this article until the manure is removed.
(3) Have all the manure removed from the manure storage facility to the extent practical.
(4) Have the manure:
(A) applied to the land in accordance with 327 IAC 19-14; or
(B) managed in accordance with this article and applicable state and federal laws.
(5) Follow the requirements in the Indiana NRCS Conservation Practice Standard Code 360, Closure of Waste Impoundments, October 2004, if applicable.
(6) Have all associated appurtenances and conveyance structures removed from uncovered manure storage facilities.
(7) Recalculate the storage capacity for the CFO.
(8) Notify the department:
(A) before demolishing or converting the use of any manure storage facility; and
(B) of the intended future use of the manure storage facility if the manure storage facility is to be converted to another use.
(b) The owner/operator shall submit a certification to the commissioner within thirty (30) days of completing the requirements in this section that states compliance with the requirements in this section.
(c) If deemed necessary to protect human health or the environment, the commissioner may require additional decommissioning activities based on:
(1) surface or ground water contamination;
(2) evidence of leakage, seepage, manure releases, or spills; or
The commissioner shall provide written documentation describing the basis for any required additional activities.
Rule 16. Exiting the Confined Feeding Approval Program
Sec. 1. This rule applies to any CFO owner/operator that wants to be removed from the program due to a:
(1) reduction in the size of the CFO to a number of animals that is less than the definition of CFO in 327 IAC 19-2-7; or
(2) decision to cease operation and completely close the entire CFO.
327 IAC 19-16-2 Reduction in size of the operation
Sec. 2. (a) A CFO may be removed from the regulated confined feeding approval program, but continue to operate as a smaller operation, if:
(1) the department has received a request from the owner/operator to be removed from the program and confirming that the CFO has and maintains fewer animals than the definition of CFOs in 327 IAC 19-2-7; and
(2) approved by the commissioner based on a review of the criteria in subsection (b).
(b) The commissioner shall review the following criteria in determining if a request to exit the confined feeding approval should be approved:
(1) The number of animals at the CFO.
(2) Past enforcement actions relative to any discharges and current compliance with any outstanding violations.
(3) Manure inventory.
(4) Appropriate decommissioning per the requirements in 327 IAC 19-15-2(a) of any manure storage facilities that will no longer be used.
(5) Existence of any conditions that pose a threat to human health or the environment.
(c) The commissioner shall send the owner/operator a letter of confirmation when the department has verified that the requirements of subsection (a) have been met.
(d) For a CFO that has been removed from the CFO approval program under subsection (a), the owner/operator must submit a new application under this article to again operate a CFO as defined in 327 IAC 19-2-7.
327 IAC 19-16-3 Closing the operation
Sec. 3. (a) A CFO may be removed from the regulated confined feeding approval program and completely closed if the department has been notified that:
(1) all livestock animals are removed from the site; and
(2) the CFO decommissioned all manure storage facilities in accordance with 327 IAC 19-15-2, including the removal of all manure.
(b) A CFO will not be allowed to exit the CFO program until all manure generated during the time the CFO was regulated has been disposed of or land applied in accordance with this article.
SECTION 2. 327 IAC 16 IS REPEALED.
LSA Document #09-615(F)
Proposed Rule: 20110803-IR-327090615PRA
Hearing Held: November 9, 2011
Approved by Attorney General: January 24, 2012
Approved by Governor: February 6, 2012
Filed with Publisher: February 6, 2012, 2:58 p.m.
Documents Incorporated by Reference: 40 CFR 122.23, revised July 1, 2009; ASAE D384.2: Manure Production and Characteristics, March 2005; ASTM D2488-09a Standard Practice for Description and Identification of Soils (Visual-Manual Procedure); Indiana NRCS Construction Specification, Concrete Construction, October 2005; Indiana NRCS Conservation Practice Standard Code 313: Waste Storage Facility, September 2005; Indiana NRCS Conservation Practice Standard Code 359: Waste Treatment Lagoon, September 2005; Indiana NRCS Conservation Practice Standard Code 360: Closure of Waste Impoundments, October 2004; Indiana NRCS Conservation Practice Standard Code 521A: Pond Sealing or Lining, Flexible Membrane, October 2006; Indiana NRCS Conservation Practice Standard Code 521B: Pond Sealing or Lining, Soil Dispersant, October 2006; Indiana NRCS Conservation Practice Standard Code 521C: Pond Sealing or Lining, Bentonite Sealant, October 2006; Indiana NRCS Conservation Practice Standard 633: Waste Utilization, October 2007, Table A: Manure Application Setback Distances; Indiana NRCS Conservation Practice Standard Code 634: Waste Transfer, October 2010; Indiana NRCS Conservation Practice Standard Code 635: Vegetated Treatment Area, October 2008; Indiana NRCS Conservation Practice Standard Code 656: Constructed Wetland, October 2006; MidWest Plan Service MWPS-36 Second Edition: Rectangular Concrete Manure Storages, 2005; MidWest Plan Service TR-9: Circular Concrete Manure Tanks, March 1998; Purdue University Cooperative Extension Service Publication ID-101: Animal Manure as a Plant Nutrient Resource, February 2001; NRCS Agricultural Waste Management Field Handbook (AWMFH) Chapter 4, "Agricultural Waste Characteristics", March 2008; Tri-State Fertilizer Recommendations for Corn, Soybeans, Wheat and Alfalfa, Extension Bulletin E-2567 (New), July 1995
Small Business Regulatory Coordinator: Alison Beumer, IDEM Small Business Regulatory Coordinator, MC 60-04 IGCS W041, 100 North Senate Avenue, Indianapolis, IN 46204-2251, (317) 232-8172 or (800) 988-7901, ctap@idem.in.gov
Small Business Assistance Program Ombudsman: Brad Baughn, IDEM Small Business Assistance Program Ombudsman, MC 50-01 IGCN 1301, 100 North Senate Avenue, Indianapolis, IN 46204-2251, (317) 234-3386 or (800) 451-6027, bbaughn@idem.in.gov
Posted: 03/07/2012 by Legislative Services Agency
DIN: 20120307-IR-327090615FRA
Composed: Jan 28,2023 2:25:19PM EST
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