The full dataset viewer is not available (click to read why). Only showing a preview of the rows.
The dataset generation failed
Error code: DatasetGenerationError
Exception: ArrowInvalid
Message: JSON parse error: Missing a closing quotation mark in string. in row 101
Traceback: Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/packaged_modules/json/json.py", line 153, in _generate_tables
df = pd.read_json(f, dtype_backend="pyarrow")
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pandas/io/json/_json.py", line 815, in read_json
return json_reader.read()
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pandas/io/json/_json.py", line 1025, in read
obj = self._get_object_parser(self.data)
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pandas/io/json/_json.py", line 1051, in _get_object_parser
obj = FrameParser(json, **kwargs).parse()
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pandas/io/json/_json.py", line 1187, in parse
self._parse()
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pandas/io/json/_json.py", line 1403, in _parse
ujson_loads(json, precise_float=self.precise_float), dtype=None
ValueError: Trailing data
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1997, in _prepare_split_single
for _, table in generator:
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/packaged_modules/json/json.py", line 156, in _generate_tables
raise e
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/packaged_modules/json/json.py", line 130, in _generate_tables
pa_table = paj.read_json(
File "pyarrow/_json.pyx", line 308, in pyarrow._json.read_json
File "pyarrow/error.pxi", line 154, in pyarrow.lib.pyarrow_internal_check_status
File "pyarrow/error.pxi", line 91, in pyarrow.lib.check_status
pyarrow.lib.ArrowInvalid: JSON parse error: Missing a closing quotation mark in string. in row 101
The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 1529, in compute_config_parquet_and_info_response
parquet_operations = convert_to_parquet(builder)
File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 1154, in convert_to_parquet
builder.download_and_prepare(
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1029, in download_and_prepare
self._download_and_prepare(
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1124, in _download_and_prepare
self._prepare_split(split_generator, **prepare_split_kwargs)
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1884, in _prepare_split
for job_id, done, content in self._prepare_split_single(
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 2040, in _prepare_split_single
raise DatasetGenerationError("An error occurred while generating the dataset") from e
datasets.exceptions.DatasetGenerationError: An error occurred while generating the datasetNeed help to make the dataset viewer work? Make sure to review how to configure the dataset viewer, and open a discussion for direct support.
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Home→Locales→Brooklyn→Anyone remember St. Johns…
← The Ben Casey shirts also…
When I was in college in… →
Anyone remember St. Johns…
Streetplay Discussion Archive Posted on May 28, 1999 by Streetplay Discussions March 25, 2016
Original author: emily [e-mail]
Anyone remember St. Johns Teacher college, and Cary Field? How about Johnny on the pony with the guys, Frank C., Joe W., Stanley C. and all the Willoughby Ave. gang. How about Big Richie B.?
Posted in Brooklyn, Johnny on the Pony, Locales Tagged gangs, Willoughby Avenue permalink
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Home · Awards & Events
'Not On My Watch:' Kevin Liles Vows To Keep Fighting Against Courts Using Black Artists' Lyrics As Confessions Of Crimes
Liles was honored alongside Lil Baby, Congresswoman Maxine Waters, Nikole Hannah-Jones, and others at the Second Annual Black Music Action Coalition Awards Gala.
By Brande Victorian · Updated September 23, 2022
Last night, Coco Jones and Kenny Burns co-hosted the Second Annual Black Music Action Coalition Awards Gala in Los Angeles. Held at The Beverly Hilton, the event recognized the impact of execs, artists, content creators and legal and legislative leaders working to make the music industry more equitable for Black artists in particular.
Among the honorees this year was Kevin Liles, CEO of 300 Entertainment, who received the BMAC Social Impact Award for his advocacy for artists like Young Thug and Gunna who are currently facing controversial RICO charges.
“As African Americans we don’t do this alone. If we’re blessed with success shouldn’t we take on the burden of responsibility?” Liles said in accepting his award. “For my foreseeable future, my leg of the baton is focused on protecting Black art and protecting each of you.”
Speaking on the way the legal system has used Black artists’ — particularly Black rappers’ — creative artistic expression against them, Liles added, “Scholars around the world have tracked over 500 cases on Black and Brown people subjected to a double standard treating their art as confessions in court rooms. This doesn’t happen if you’re white. Not ever.
“I’ve got a crew of people that can’t be fathers to their children, that can’t hold their mother’s hand when she’s sick and suffering from disease and they’re chumped up on charges of lyrics. What they’re doing to us is attaching systemic racism policies to come at the number one music genre in the world. So, thinking about that baton, I said what about the next generation of people? And I said, ‘F-ck it, not on my watch.’ If you need a righteous cause, if you need somebody that wants to lead by example, I’m going to walk, I’m going to march, I’m going to run and do whatever I’ve got to do because we’re going to get this done. We’re going to protect Black art. We’re going to protect each other. God bless Hip-Hop.”
Also in attendance at last night’s event were Anthony Anderson who presented Liles with his award and Tyler The Creator, who made the presentation for Tim Hinshaw and the Amazon Music team. Congresswoman Maxine Waters, who couldn’t be in attendance received the BMAC Icon Award while Nikole Hannah-Jones, who also shared her remarks remotely, received the BMAC Change Agent Award. Scroll below to see the full list of awardees in attendance at last night’s gala.
Lil Baby: Quincy Jones Humanitarian Award
Harvey Mason Jr., Valeisha Butterfield Jones & Panos Panay: BMAC Social Impact Award
Joi Brown: BMAC Change Agent Award
Jon Platt: Clarence Avant Trailblazer Award
Brittany K. Barnett: BMAC Change Agent Award
Tim Hinshaw, Rochelle Balogun, Josh Beas and Sierra Lever: BMAC Social Impact Award
Shirley Halperin and Gail Mitchell: BMAC 365 Award
David Ali: BMAC BLACK: Future. Now. Award
TOPICS: Black Music
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CSR Strategy Group
Holding corporations accountable for environmental sustainability, human rights, good corporate governance, and social justice
Described by the New York Times “a super-specialist” in human rights advocacy, I have over 20 years of experience helping investors, non-profits, universities, communities, and unions use their power to lobby their governments and hold corporations accountable.
At the socially responsible asset management firm Trillium Asset Management, I pioneered the use of shareholder engagement of oil, gas, and mining companies operating in countries racked by conflict and burdened by repressive regimes in Burma (Myanmar), China, East Timor, and Nigeria. In 1992, I also helped file the first shareholder resolution on sweatshops at Walmart. Working with animal rights groups, I filed the first shareholder resolution at McDonald’s to improve the conditions of farm animals. I also worked with Greenpeace and U.S. PIRG to file the first shareholder resolutions at BP on climate change.
I have considerable experience working with boards of directors and investment committees. I often advise students, administrators, and faculty on how to develop university endowment investment policies. I have consulted to Amnesty International USA, Human Rights Watch, and Catholic Healthcare West (now Dignity Health) on how to express their mission and values through social screening of investments and shareholder engagement on human rights, social justice, and environmental issues. I have also made presentations on divestment and shareholder engagement to the boards of CalPERS and the University of Washington as well as top executives of the World Bank.
I served on the Committee on Socially Responsible Investment of the Unitarian Universalist Association (UUA) where I helped the Unitarian Universalist Common Endowment Fund screen its investments and engage in shareholder activism on LGBT rights, social justice, and climate change. I also helped negotiate between staff and members to write a business resolution on fossil fuel divestment that passed overwhelmingly at the 2014 UUA General Assembly.
At Oxfam America, I founded the work of the agency’s Private Sector Department. I helped communities around the world affected by oil, gas, and mining corporations to secure support from shareholders and directly engage the companies in order to protect their lands and livelihoods. I also created a coalition of investors that successfully pressed Procter & Gamble to support farming communities by starting to buy Fair Trade Certified coffee for its Millstone brand.
As Co-chair of the Business and Human Rights Group of Amnesty International USA, I have built the capacity of staff and members to put effective pressure on companies to respect human rights. I also help manage Amnesty International USA’s use of a portfolio of stocks for shareholder activism on issues of human rights.
I have especially loved my role as an advisory board member of both SumOfUs and the Harry Potter Alliance.
As part of the Free Burma movement, I have organized shareholder activism and the use of state and local selective purchasing laws to put pressure on corporations to withdraw from Burma. I co-authored the Massachusetts Burma selective purchasing law with state rep. Byron Rushing and led the grassroots lobbyng campaign to enact it. Later, I helped defend the law from challenge at the World Trade Organization and in the U.S. Supreme Court. I also helped found the U.S. Campaign for Burma and served on the Board of Directors and as Executive Director. In recent years, I’ve co-founded and currently direct both International Campaign for the Rohingya and the No Business With Genocide coalition.
I have often been brought in by corporations to help them address tough issues. I have made presentations to top management at Procter & Gamble, Newmont Mining and ExxonMobil. In all of my work, I’ve helped bring many parties to the table to dialogue with top corporate executives. Through careful facilitation, I’ve helped many corporations reach common ground with their critics and address tough environmental and human rights issues.
I have a BA (Political Science and Economics) from Loughborough University and I hold an MBA (Accounting and Finance) from Boston College. I also completed the Prince of Wales’s Business and Sustainability Programme, which convenes leaders of business, government, and the non-profit sector to tackle key social and environmental problems.
How Universities Can Join the Movement to End Genocide
Posted on September 12, 2019 by Simon Billenness
How can you make your university take action to end genocide?
Students and faculty have an honorable tradition of organizing to uphold human rights. By organizing to persuade your university to enact a policy to end genocide, you are following in the footsteps of similar campaigns, such as the South Africa anti-apartheid movement (1980s), Free Burma movement (1990s), Save Darfur campaign (2000s), and fossil fuel divestment movement (today).
International Campaign for the Rohingya and STAND, the student-led movement to end mass atrocities, have developed a campaign for students and faculty to press their university to enact a comprehensive campus policy to help end genocide. The campaign focuses on harnessing how the university uses the power of its investments and the power of its purchasing.
Universities as investors
Educational institutions invest trillions of dollars, primarily through their endowments. As shareholders, universities are partial owners of thousands of publicly traded companies. Through those ownership stakes, unviersities can put pressure on corporations to stop doing business with governments engaged in genocide. This kind of shareholder activism can be more powerful than selling – or divesting – stock in companies.
Does your university own stock in Chevron? It likely does because Chevron is a very widely held company. For two years, shareholders of Chevron filed a shareholder resolution putting pressure on the oil company, the largest U.S. investor in Burma (Myanmar), to adopt a policy of not doing business with government engaged in genocide or crimes against humanity. In 2017 and 2018, that resolution received the votes of approximately 6% of shareholders at Chevron’s annual shareholder meeting.
In response to this pressure, Chevron has raised issues of human rights directly with the Burmese government. This year, shareholders reached an agreement with Chevron to drop the resolution in return for a dialogue with Chevron over what companies can do to pressure governments engaged in or at risk of commiting genocide and/or mass atrocities.
International Campaign for the Rohingya is working with shareholders owning over $50 billion in assets to put pressure on all of the oil companies in Burma. This shareholder group has also pressed major jewelry retailers not to buy gems that profit the Burmese army. This Fall, investors will engage Western Union, which is in partnership with a bank controlled by Burma’s army.
How can you successfully press your university to join the growing number of shareholders taking action to end genocide? You can start by asking your university treasurer some key questions.
What stocks does the university own? Does it own Chevron or Western Union?
Many educational institutions, especially public universities, make public their stock holdings. Many others will simply provide that information on request. Some will only reveal their holdings after feeling pressure from a campaign asking for disclosure.
Zero in on your university’s direct holdings of shares. Those are shares that your university owns outright and can vote in favor of shareholder resolutions such as the one at Chevron.
Does the university have a policy guiding how it votes its shares?
Some universities have developed a policy guiding how they vote their shares on resolutions raising environmental, social, and governances (ESG) issues. Ask for a copy of the current policy and request that it include a provision that the university vote in favor of resolutions asking companies to adopt a policy of not doing business with governments engaged in genocide or crimes against humanity.
How has the university voted its shares in the past?
Some universities publish a report showing how they voted on each shareholder resolution. Whether this is public or not, find out whether your university held Chevron stock in 2017 and, if so, how it voted those shares on the resolution in 2017 and 2018 pressing the company to adopt a policy of not doing business with governments engaged in genocide or crimes against humanity.
Does the university work with other shareholders to promote corporate responsibility?
Some universities are members of US SIF – The Forum for Sustainable and Reponsible Investment, the Interfaith Center on Corporate Responsibility, the Principles for Responsible Investment, or the Council of Institutional Investors. If your university is a member, ask what help and resources they are receiving to address issues concerning ending genocide.
Would the university adopt a formal policy of using its investments to help end genocide?
Ask your university to join the growing “No Business With Genocide” campaign. International Campaign for the Rohingya is working with a growing coalition of investors and NGOs. We are ready to work with you and your university to develop policies and practices that help end the genocide of the Rohingya.
How can students and faculty influence the university’s investment policies and practices?
Some universities, such as Harvard, have an advisory committee on shareholder responsibility that helps develop policies and practices. Ask to participate.
If your university lacks such an avenue to influence its investments, launch a campaign to pass a resolution in your student government, faculty council, and/or board of trustees. Develop petitions and hold rallies. Meet with your university administration. Use every pressure point to persuade your university to step up and help end genocide.
The Responsible Endowments Coalition publishes how-to guides for students and faculty on university endowments, divestment, and shareholder advocacy. Read them to prepare yourselves on how to best influence your university to help end genocide.
Universities as purchasers
Universities buy billions of dollars of goods and services from corporations from around the world. That enormous purchasing power can be used to press companies to adopt a policy of not doing business with governments engaged in genocide and/or mass atrocities.
Again, there are powerful examples of how students and faculty have successfully influenced their university’s purchasing policy. The Conflict-Free Campus Initiative (CFCI) is a joint initiative of the Enough Project and STAND, the student-led movement to end mass atrocities. By encouraging universities, which are large purchasers of electronics and powerful spokespersons, to commit to measures that pressure electronics companies to responsibly invest in Congo’s minerals sector, students are voicing the demand for conflict-free products from Congo.
How can a university use its purchasing power to help end genocide?
A university can, in its purchasing RFPs and contracts, require contractors to disclose any company policies regarding doing business with governments engaged in genocide and/or crimes against humanity.
A university can also in its purchasing RFPs and contracts further require contractors, within two years, to have a written and formally adopted company policy stating that they will not do business with governments engaged in genocide and/or crimes against humanity.
These provisions can apply to any contractor with the university with annual revenues of a certain amount, such as $100 million or greater.
International Campaign for the Rohingya and STAND, the student-led movement to end mass atrocities, have developed a campaign for students and faculty to press their university to enact a comprehensive campus policy to help end genocide.
It’s time for universities to make a difference in ending genocide, starting in their own campus. Working together, students and faculty can be the builders the grassroots campus movement to end genocide.
This article was previously published by the International Campaign for the Rohingya.
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The Case for Shareholder Advocacy on Climate Change 5 comments →
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March 13, 2022 March 14, 2022 5 CommentsBrooksDNA Loft v3Max CushionTrail Shoe
BrooksDNA Loft v3Max CushionTrail Shoe
Weighs 11.3 oz. (320 g.) for a US M10 / 9.9 oz. (280 g.) for a US W8
Brooks is throwing DNA Loft V3 on everything these days and we’re totally fine with it
It’s practically a brand-new shoe in the best way possible
Coming in April 2022 for $150
TAYLOR: Look out folks! Another titan has risen from the depths. It’s a big one, and it’s coming with some new stuff that we haven’t seen on the trails yet.
If the Hoka Stinson ATR 6 is Godzilla, and the Altra Olympus 4 is King Kong, then the totally revamped Brooks Caldera 6 is the Nicki Minaj guest track on Kanye West’s “Monster.” It’s that big.
This newest update brings the Caldera series to a whole new level in terms of tech and stature. It is higher, wider, and lighter than before. Let me tell ya– I haven’t been this excited to step into a Brooks shoe for a long long time.
MICHAEL: Ever since Brooks developed the first edition of the Cascadia alongside trail legend Scott Jurek, it’s safe to say the brand has followed a pretty standard formula for its trail shoes: take a standard BioMoGo EVA midsole, slap a great upper on it, maybe throw in a rock plate, add a decent outsole, and send it to the market.
The results were great for a while, but some point, the Cascadia’s history of aggressive traction and trail protection began to fall behind the new world of maximally cushioned, stable, and relatively lightweight ultra trail shoes. (Basically Hoka trail shoes.) Brooks responded, giving versions 4 and 5 of the Caldera some rather Hoka-esque stack height. Unfortunately, that stack was still the same boring BioMoGo EVA foam — until now, that is.
The new Brooks Caldera 6 is totally revamped from top to bottom with a new midsole and outsole, and it sits on a wider, higher, and more supportive platform. Brooks is really going up against the max-stack titans with the Caldera, and boy, am I excited.
TAYLOR: Settle in for this one, because there’s some real goodness to cover. The Caldera has been in the mix of high-stack options for the last few years. I thought it had been a decent road-to-trail option. Now, it enters into the true max-cushion category, and I’d elevate it as a very good road-to-trail shoe.
Compared to other shoes in its category, the Caldera 6 steps out as being more uniquely cushioned, more responsive, more versatile, more secure, and lighter weight (11.9 ounces for a US M10.5). Think of both the Stinson (12.9 oz.) and Olympus (12.2 oz.) as being the current champs in this arena — in my opinion, they’re about to be smashed by this young buck.
The most interesting story of the Caldera overhaul is what’s happening underfoot. DNA Loft V3 can’t even be compared to the DNA Loft V2 found in the previous Caldera. This new, nitrogen-infused midsole first appeared in the Brooks’ Aurora-BL last year and is featured in the upcoming Glycerin 20. In short, it’s lighter and bouncier and it’s instantly one of the most fun foams available, especially in the trail world.
The DNA Loft V3 really does it all in one foam. Let’s start with the obvious: there’s just huge amounts of foam for cushion. The sidewalls of the external foam aren’t actually much higher than the footbed. Running Warehouse reports the heel at around 40mm (6mm drop) worth of stack. Since the foam is medium to soft with a rockered geometry, look for this midsole to last a while. It feels like a firmer, more cushioned version of the Salomon’s Ultra Glide or a slightly softer Speedgoat 5. The best part about this midsole is that it literally feels bouncy. DNA Loft V3 is more responsive than Floyd Mayweather in a bar fight. The nitrogen-infused foam isn’t a gimmick, as it feels protective, airy, and springy at the same time.
For a max-cushioned runner, this one has some of the smoothest rolls around. The tacky, and aptly named, Trailtac outsole has both multidirectional, multi-shaped, and moderately deep lugs that allow for a smooth transition on a variety of surfaces, including pavement. Again, the rocker and foam come into play heavily here. Like the Aurora-BL, the midsole is broad underfoot and slightly bubbled to add some very natural-feeling stability. It’s a Hoka-esque move for sure, but it works very nicely on smooth surfaces and up to moderately technical trails.
Wrap this one up with an engineered mesh that provides high levels of comfort and security, and this package is starting to feel like an outstanding one. The mesh is no surprise for a Brooks shoe, as comfort is just part of who they are. I was pleased to feel how much more secure the shoe felt because of the gusseted tongue (not new) and the cockpit-like step-in feel. The Caldera’s sidewalls reach around the foot throughout the shoe. Another big player is a heavily padded heel collar. In all past iterations, I’ve had some significant heel slippage. I’m happily waving goodbye to that!
For those looking to the Caldera as a potential ultra shoe, be assured that the upper fit is also a bit wider than previous models. Again, it’s secure, but will accommodate some swelling in the mid/forefoot.
The Brooks Caldera 6 fit is secure enough to tackle a variety of terrain with confidence. I’d take this on rough terrain long before I’d take the other aforementioned giants. Subtle adhered overlays at the juncture of the midsole and upper and a TPU toe cap really cinch this one up nicely.
Let’s not forget to mention the true trail specs. A Velcro gaiter attachment in the heel and lace garage gives the Caldera 6 some options to play around with.
MICHAEL: While I could go on for a long, long time in this section, I’ll try to keep it brief. Like Taylor mentioned, the new midsole is simply fantastic. The new DNA Loft v3 compound is light, airy, responsive, and boy is there a lot of it. It’s safe to say this is one of the most exciting new foam compounds in the trail scene. I’d also expect this midsole to be incredibly durable, given the super-critical construction. I don’t see this one breaking down prematurely — the Brooks Caldera 6 is built for the long haul in every sense of the word.
While the foam compound itself is probably the most noteworthy update to the Caldera midsole, the rocker geometry and stable construction truly allow the new foam to shine. The bathtub-like construction keeps the foot stable on long descents. While stability was an issue that worried me about previous years of the Caldera, I never once turned an ankle in the Caldera 6.
Normally, I find myself reaching for lower stack trail shoes for my faster runs, with the idea being that a lower stack height provides me with a lower center of gravity for turning corners quickly. While I will still reach for shoes like the Hoka Torrent 2 for racing, technical turns didn’t feel at all sketchy in the Caldera, even when leaning into them at 6:30 pace and faster.
In addition to the bathtub design, the rocker geometry helped the midsole roll through the stride and make up a bit for the lack of flexibility. I always felt like I was running with fantastic form in the Caldera. When the miles take a toll on your legs, this cruiser will be right there with you to help support and promote an efficient stride, and the 31/25 stack of premium foam will keep the legs feeling fresh.
Hot take incoming: the Trailtac outsole on the Caldera 6 is the best in-house developed outsole compound from any major shoe company. The rubber is fantastically sticky, and, while I don’t know that it would be very durable over sustained miles on the tarmac, that’s not what the shoe is intended for. Instead, I found myself running with a surprising amount of confidence on slick, moss-covered Alabama sandstone.
For shoes in this category, I imagine it would be tempting for designers to cut corners on midsole construction including the use of large amounts of exposed midsole foam and shorter lug heights to save weight. This isn’t the case on the Caldera 6. I so appreciate Brooks including a massive footprint of full coverage rubber and the 5 mm multidirectional lug depth had me confidently attacking long technical descents. Without this rugged configuration, I think the shoe would lose some of its PTR (A technical term: ‘Propensity To Rip’) and versatility. It really allows the shoe to shine in my opinion over more mellow trail cruisers with mediocre outsoles (I’m looking at you, Nike Peg Trail 3).
Despite the less-than-great fit (to be discussed later), I found the feel of the engineered mesh upper to be quite pleasant. It has just the right amount of stretch, and the simple welded overlays and gaiter attachments add additional levels of trail-readiness.
I’m a huge fan of the Brooks Caldera 6’s flashy sci-fi styling, reminiscent of the Aurora BL. While the shoe may not serve double duty as a trail ripper and hip grocery-getter, I think the styling is fun and bright, just like the character of the shoe itself.
Shop Brooks Caldera – Men Shop Brooks Caldera – Women
TAYLOR: Believe it or not, I’m not going to pick on weight for this one. Sheer size is the culprit. This thing is huge underfoot. It doesn’t feel it while running, thankfully.
The biggest, and really only, issue that I came across was that the footprint is huge. The higher grade of technicality, the more specific foot placement needs to be. With the Caldera 6, I would find myself snagging the edge of a rock or a root or something else that I wouldn’t have normally with a more “average” profiled shoe. This could have the potential of clipping a toe or landing awkwardly which are two ingredients for injury. So, the Caldera comes with that warning. Moderate level technicality and lower is going to be this one’s wheelhouse.
In that same vein, stay away from the really sloppy stuff. While the Trailtac outsole showed some promising grip on a variety of surfaces, it did hold onto some mud and caked gravel. An already heavy-ish shoe can get even heavier in a hurry in this case.
MICHAEL: Personally, I found it difficult to get a secure midfoot lockdown in the Caldera 6. I was a bit surprised by this, as I’ve come to expect a fantastic upper fit from running in past versions of the Cascadia and other Brooks trail shoes. This, in my opinion, can very easily be fixed by changing the eyelets of the shoe from an open horizontal loop to a tight, gripping hole, allowing you to work the lacing up the foot and adjust tension for each lace individually.
*Personal Rant Alert* It’s a pet peeve of mine when shoe companies design a lacing system that forces you to pull all of the tension for the forefoot of the shoe from higher up in the midfoot or even throat of the shoe. I’m not sure if that made any sense, but all that to say I wasn’t able to achieve the level of lateral forefoot security I normally desire for ripping rocky, technical descents. I believe this lack of security also resulted in some heel slippage for me, even after tying the runner’s knot for extra lockdown.
While the upper shortfalls aren’t significant enough for me to not recommend the shoe (especially if you have a higher volume foot or don’t like your lacing super tight), they’re issues I’d love to see remedied in version 7.
I’m struggling to find anything else to put in this section, but, like Taylor, I found the outsole to be lacking in terms of mud shedding. That being said, these past few weeks in Huntsville have been notorious for mud that easily cakes on outsoles, and I haven’t found a shoe yet that truly handles it well.
Brooks Caldera 6 Conclusion
TAYLOR: Get out your shovels, folks, because you’re gonna dig this one. The Caldera 6, like its cousin the Cascadia 16, has received a massive overhaul this year. It was needed. Brooks did an incredible job basing this shoe on a DNA Loft V3 foam — tons of it. It has everything you’d want and more from a truly max cushioned shoe. Underfoot cushion, protection, smooth, responsive, natural stability, comfort, and foot security are all high notes in the Caldera 6 package.
It’s a dreamy shoe for those looking for a well-rounded daily trainer, an all-day trail runner, or for those who’ve ever wanted to bounce upon a cloud. The Caldera 6 will be very modestly priced at $150 and should be released in April (hopefully).
MICHAEL: For those seeking a maximally protective, supportive, and cushioned daily trainer to soak up miles on miles of terrain, look no further than the Caldera 6. Apart from the fun, springy ride, I could easily see myself picking up a pair of these prior to a large training block, just on the basis of stability and injury prevention alone. While I can’t recommend them for ultra racing due to the weight, I think these shoes excel at their intended purpose: providing miles and miles of joyful DNA Loft v3 bliss.
Currently, I find myself hard-pressed to recommend any other shoe in this category. With its responsive and dreamy midsole, it beats out the Altra Olympus, Hoka Stinson ATR, and Hoka Mafate Speed 3. With its tacky and supportive outsole construction, it beats out the Nike Trail Pegasus 3, too. Ladies and Gentlemen, we have ourselves a winner.
You can pick up the Brooks Caldera 6 for $150 in April 2022 at Running Warehouse (featuring free 2-day shipping and 90-day returns) by using the shop link below.
Antonio says:
I love the references to other competitor shoes, though further comparison info would be appreciated (similar to the Comparison section at the end of each review in RTR site)
One reads reviews from different shoes and finds some that seem great, but which one is greater? At the end many of us only buy 2/3 pairs per year (road/trail) so we need to choose.
I had Caldera 6 home but were not too impressed. I am leaning towards the Caldera 4 is a better trail shoe. Lighter, more than enough shoe, easier to run in.
Brooks Caldera 6 - TRAIL magazine South Africa says:
[…] this Believe in the Run review for a solid assessment of the shoe, or scroll down this page to watch the videos for two […]
Completely Balanced, As All Footwear Ought to Be » Imagine within the Run - Health Do It says:
[…] the true teller of tales. Max-cushioned path runners are now not a distinct segment class, with the Brooks Caldera 6, Nike ZoomX Zegama, and Altra Mont Blanc coming into the […]
Altra at its Best » Consider within the Run - Health Do It says:
[…] made the burden extra noticeable than in different heavy ultra-cushioned sneakers just like the Brooks Caldera 6. That being mentioned, the slight bounce of the Ego Max midsole did help in serving to the shoe […]
Taylor Bodin March 13, 2022
Saucony Axon 2 Review: Keepin’ it 100 (Dollars)
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1. MTNL - Attempts to reverse declining fortunes
Company Stories - September 15, 2009
Even as private telecom operators capialise on the huge potential of the Indian telecom sector and global behemoths compete to gain a foothold in this lucrative market, incumbent Mahanagar Even as ...
2. Nick Jensen, President and CEO, Dialogic
Face to Face - September 15, 2009
A global provider of innovative technologies, Dialogic has made significant headway in the Indian telecom market. A global provider of innovative technologies, Dialogic has made significant headway ...
3. Flat Fee - Mixed response to proposed uniform levy
Discussion Board - September 15, 2009
In a move aimed at removing the arbitrage possibility available at present to integrated operators, the government is looking to move away from a variable licence fee structure to a uniform levy In ...
4. Anil Sardana, MD, Tata Teleservices Limited
Anil Sardana, who joined Tata Teleservices Limited (TTSL) as managing director about two years ago, has been instrumental in driving the company's growth through initiatives such as the strategic alliance ...
5. Unitech Wireless raises Rs 50 billion loan (India)
Finance - September 15, 2009
Unitech Wireless raises Rs 50 billion loan (India) Unitech Wireless has raised Rs 50 billion as debt from the State Bank of India to meet the fund requirements for its pan-Indian rollout. The company Unitech ...
6. QTIL-TTSL merger complete
QTIL-TTSL merger complete Tata Teleservices Limited's (TTSL) tower subsidiary and Quippo Telecom Infrastructure Limited (QTIL) have completed their merger. While there was no change in the deal Tata ...
7. Reliance Communications repays outstanding loans worth Rs 50 billion
Reliance Communications repays outstand- ing loans worth Rs 50 billion Reliance Communications (RCOM) has repaid outstanding loans amounting to Rs 50 billion, three years ahead of schedule. The Reliance ...
8. LIC increases stake in RCOM
LIC increases stake in RCOM The Life Insurance Corporation (LIC) has increased its stake in RCOM to 7.02 per cent after buying fresh equity shares worth Rs 12.74 billion through an open market The Life ...
9. Essar Group acquires controlling stake in Kenyan operator
Essar Group acquires controlling stake in Kenyan operator The Essar Group has increased its direct stake in Essar Telecom Kenya to 80 per cent, after buying out Econet Wireless Kenya. Essar had The Essar ...
10. TCIL allowed to divest its 30 per cent stake in Bharti Hexacom
TCIL allowed to divest its 30 per cent stake in Bharti Hexacom The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) has allowed state-owned Telecommunications Consultants India Limited (TCIL) to sell its The ...
11. C. Sivasankaran to sell 6.3 per cent stake in S Tel to Batelco
C. Sivasankaran to sell 6.3 per cent stake in S Tel to Batelco Industrialist C. Sivasankaran has decided to sell 6.3 per cent stake in Chennai-based operator S Tel to Bahrain Telecommunications Industrialist ...
12. GrameenPhone to launch IPO in October 2009 (Bangladesh)
GrameenPhone to launch IPO in October 2009 (Bangladesh) Bangladeshi mobile operator GrameenPhone will open subscriptions to its initial public offering (IPO) in October 2009. GrameenPhone, 62 per Bangladeshi ...
13. Alcatel-Lucent to raise up to 1 billion euro in bond issues (France)
Alcatel-Lucent to raise up to 1 billion euro in bond issues (France) Alcatel-Lucent is in the process of raising up to 1 billion euro by issuing convertible bonds to help it refinance its debt. The Alcatel-Lucent ...
14. Bouncing Back - Telecom companies plan major IPOs after the lull
Earlier in the year, there was a perception that the export-dependent Asian economies would not revive until the developed economies came out of the cri- sis. However, the reverse seems to be tak- Earlier ...
15. The government has decided to hold the 3G spectrum auction for GSM operators on December 7, 2009.
The government has decided to hold the 3G spectrum auction for GSM operators on December 7, 2009. The auctions for broad- band wireless access spectrum (which will be used mainly for Wi-Max services) The ...
16. The empowered group of ministers (EGoM) looking into 3G and Wi-Max spectrum issues, has decided to auction four 5x2 MHz slots of pan-Indian 3G spectrum at a reserve price of Rs 35 billion.
The empowered group of ministers (EGoM) looking into 3G and Wi-Max spectrum issues, has decided to auction four 5x2 MHz slots of pan-Indian 3G spectrum at a reserve price of Rs 35 billion. For The ...
17. The EGoM has decided to levy a spectrum usage charge of 3 per cent of the annual revenues on the new operators providing 3G services.
The EGoM has decided to levy a spectrum usage charge of 3 per cent of the annual revenues on the new operators providing 3G services. The incumbent operators will have to pay 1 per cent of their The ...
18. DoT has decided to seek legal opinion on the issue of 2G spectrum allotment beyond 4.4 MHz to operators.
DoT has decided to seek legal opinion on the issue of 2G spectrum allotment beyond 4.4 MHz to operators. This decision was taken since its options in the matter were restricted due to a pending DoT ...
19. DoT is considering allowing spectrum sharing among operators to avoid congestion owing to spectrum scarcity.
DoT is considering allowing spectrum sharing among operators to avoid congestion owing to spectrum scarcity. The department has referred the matter to the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India DoT ...
20. DoT has allowed stand-alone long distance carriers to directly market their services to individual users in the form of prepaid calling cards.
DoT has allowed stand-alone long distance carriers to directly market their services to individual users in the form of prepaid calling cards. The development follows TRAI's August 2008 DoT has allowed ...
21. DoT has deferred its plan to do away with the double taxation structure that international telecom carriers are subjected to in India.
DoT has deferred its plan to do away with the double taxation structure that international telecom carriers are subjected to in India. At present, foreign operators are required to pay licence fees DoT ...
22. The government has set up a committee headed by the cabinet secretary, K.M. Chandrashekhar, to monitor the vacation of spectrum by the defence forces.
The government has set up a committee headed by the cabinet sec- retary, K.M. Chandrashekhar, to monitor the vacation of spectrum by the defence forces. The committee will also oversee the setting up The ...
23. The launch of mobile number portability (MNP) services has been further postponed by DoT to December 31, 2009 from September 2009.
The launch of mobile number portability (MNP) services has been further postponed by DoT to December 31, 2009 from September 2009. The delay is reportedly on account of the inability of the operators The ...
24. DoT has rejected the home ministry's proposal to implement the security accreditation scheme (SAS).
DoT has rejected the home ministry's proposal to implement the security accreditation scheme (SAS). SAS, which is managed by the GSM Association (GSMA), is a voluntary scheme under which telecom DoT ...
25. TRAI has stated that DoT must consult the regulator before taking a final decision on imposing a uniform licence fee of 8.5 per cent of the operators' total revenues.
TRAI has stated that DoT must consult the regulator before taking a final decision on imposing a uniform licence fee of 8.5 per cent of the operators' total revenues. DoT has been considering replac- TRAI ...
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October 24, 2009: The final day in Gashora continued!
After teaching the Internet to the teachers at the school we quickly biked up the hill to the basketball court for the ceremony opening up the basketball court to the community. When I arrived I couldn’t believe my eyes, there were hundreds of people gathered at the courts and the media was present (Rwanda television). We spent the first hour or so teaching the residents how to play certain sports that are popular in North America. We played American football, baseball, and of course basketball! I’m always amazed at how playing a sport with someone can build a stronger friendship, even with a language barrier. A DJ showed up and the locals sung a welcome song to the Softchoice team. When the Mayor and other guests of honor arrived the ceremony began.
Ryan Douglas had opened up the Softchoice speech by speaking a few lines in Kinyarwandan to the crowd and they were thoroughly impressed by the fact he had taken the time to learn their language. I followed with the remaining speech in English which was translated into Kinyarwanda by Lama. We thanked them for their kindness in welcoming us and praised them for their hard work and great sense of community. We hoped that we had made a lasting impression and laid down a foundation for future opportunities with the sports facitlities, innovation center and computer lab. We also told them that they will always have a place in our hearts. I chocked up on that last part.
The community leaders rose o ne by one and made speeches as well. The Covago cooperative thanked Softchoice for all of our hard work and gave us each a hand woven basket as a going away gift. The gift was hard for us to accept. How could we accept a gift from these people when they have so little and we have so much? The gesture truly speaks to the kind of people that they were and we were in awe. I will cherish that basket forever.
Last but not least the Mayor spoke. She was a very well spoken women who carried herself with grace. After saying the necessary pleasantries about the new facilities and what they meant to the community she turned to her people and said that the Softchoice team has set an example that they should all learn from. She said she was amazed by our work ethic and our selflessness by coming all the way over to Gashora to help their community. She hopes that everyyone in the crowd can show the same qualities in the building up of their community. I don’t think I have ever fealt so proud to be a Softchoice employee as I did at that moment. The mayor then proceeded to shoot the first basket on the new court. She missed a few times but eventually got it in!
We quickly had to go to the school to perfrom the opening of the computer lab since Rwanda television was on a tight schedule. The teachers had set the room up beautifully and it was decorated with Softchoice signs everywhere. This may be my second proudest moment as a Softchoice employee. Soon enough the classroom was filled with local residents and many more crowded around the windows from the outside. Nick Foster started this ceremony with a speech about the Softchoice dream of bridging the digital divide. His words beamed with pride and he also chocked up near the end as our long journey had finally been completed. Janvier (the principal) cut the ribbon and then he began a speech in English. I was amazed that he took the time to write the speech in English and thought about how much he must have practiced the night before. This moment meant a lot to him. He ended his speech with giving Softchoice a gift as well, a very large basket that will be displayed in our office. Another gift hard to accept but that would be the trend with these incredible people.
We left the school courtyard for the last time with hundreds of kids screaming our names and running behind us trying to jump on our bikes. With the chaos ensuing I rode off quickly to escape all of the children jumping on my bike, potentially resulting in an accident, until I heard a familiar voice yell “Pita” (that’s how they pronounced Peter) I turned around and it was my favourite child Omar who I had given a ride home on the back of my back that whole week. I stopped my bike and told him to jump on, I owed him one more ride home. I pulled up to his little shack of a house that was barely big enough for him although it housed his family of 6. I gave him a big hug and thought to myself that this smart little guy has a bright future ahead of him. I just hope that I was right. A tear went down my face as I pulled away on my way back to the hotel.
We left Gashora that afternoon on a bus and we were singing our reincarnation of John Denver’s classic “West Virgina” which we turned into “Gashora, Gashora”. The people all waved at us as we road by. There were no words after the song, we couldn’t find them.
- Peter Cibula
DWC Volunteer Participant
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Most recent release, Guesswork (2019)
Lloyd Cole's site
Wikipedia's entry on Lloyd Cole
Dylan, Leonard Cohen, the Smiths, Matthew Sweet
I'm a *huge* Lloyd Cole fan. I find his earlier stuff better than the later stuff (up to when he moved to New York). (Tim.Cook@Swift.Com)
As far as general style is concerned, Lloyd Cole is your basic underappreciated (in my opinion) singer-songwriter-guitarist. His lyrics are literate and more often directed toward love interests or other third parties than toward introspective concerns; by turns he plays the tortured romantic and the cynic. Musically, he doesn't really sound that close to anyone else, although one might claim certain resemblances to Dylan, Leonard Cohen, the Smiths, and Matthew Sweet. (Cole and Sweet have appeared on each other's albums now and then.) At any rate, the man's got an amazing way with a melody. (drumz@best.com)
Lloyd Cole is, well, unextraordinary. He is virtually emotionless on stage and his songs lack energy and conviction. They are not offensive, they just are not impressive. For some reason, he has lots of fans, though. Don't know why. Lloyd started with an acoustic set with just himself and his guitarist (Neil)—this was pretty squarely in the "sensitive-new-age-depression-longing-singer-song-writer-balladeer-dreamer-a lmost-had-her-now-she's-gone-but-boy-was-it-almost-swell-while-she-was-here" genre, with little to no variation at all. All the songs were interchangeable to my ear. (11/98, mjmjminla@yahoo.com)
I'd recommend starting with 1984-1989 (for a good overview of the Commotions stuff), Lloyd Cole (if you prefer more straight-ahead "alternative" pop/rock), or Don't Get Weird on Me Babe (if you're intersted in the contrast between his rockier and mellower sides). (drumz@best.com)
Rattlesnakes (1984)
Easy Pieces (1985)
Mainstream (1987)
Collection (compilation, 1998)
1984-1989 (compilation, 1989)
Lloyd Cole (1990)
Don't Get Weird on Me Babe (1991)
Bad Vibes (1993)
Love Story (1995)
The Negatives (2000)
Etc. (2001)
Collected Recordings (compilation, 2001)
Plastic Wood (2001)
Loaded: Live in New York (live, 2001)
Music in a Foreign Language (2003)
Rattlesnakes [Deluxe Edition] (2004)
The Singles (compilation, 2004)
Antidepressant (2006)
Broken Record (2010)
Selected Studies Vol. One (with Hans-Joachim Roedelius, 2013)
Standards (2013)
1D Electronics 2012-2014 (2015)
Guesswork (2019)
1984—Capitol
Lloyd Cole—vocals, acoustic and electric guitars
Neil Clark—guitar, acoustic guitar, electric guitar
Blair Cowan—keyboards
Lawrence Donegan—bass
Stephen Irvine—drums, tambourine
Paul Hardiman
A groundbreaking debut which many fans and critics still consider one of the finest albums of the eighties, Rattlesnakes takes a few simple pop formulas and updates them into something truly unique. (drumz@best.com)
Easy Pieces
Recommended for Lloyd Cole fans
Neil Clark—guitar
Lloyd Cole—guitar, vocals
Stephen Irvine—drums
More uneven and less well-produced than its predecessor, this is Cole's least favorite Commotions album as well as many of this fans'. There are still some terrific songs, but it's not the best place to start. (drumz@best.com)
Jon Hassell—trumpet
Nicky Holland—backing vocals, string arrangements
Tony Jackson—backing vocals
John Sloman—backing vocals
Fraser Speirs—harmonica
Tracey Thorn—vocals
Tommy Willis—lap steel guitar
Ian Stanley
In which the Commotions rebounded and went out in the proverbial blaze of glory. Cole's melodic hooks here are hard to beat, especially on my favorite Commotions track of all, the powerful, bittersweet "Hey Rusty." (drumz@best.com)
This collects Lloyd Cole and the Commotion's nine singles and some other good songs and which is a great place to start, although it omits some of my favorites from that era. (drumz@best.com)
Lloyd Cole—vocals, backing vocals, bass, guitar, harmonica, piano, synthesizer, horn arrangements, string arrangements
Blair Cowan—drums, Hammond organ, synthesizer
Parker du Lany—backing vocals
Nicky Holland—backing vocals, horn arrangements, string arrangements
Sprague Hollander—guitar
Fred Maher—drums, guitar
Robert Quine—guitar
Dorathea Strauchen—backing vocals
Matthew Sweet—bass, guitar, backing vocals
Lloyd Cole, Paul Hardiman, Fred Maher
A consistently strong solo debut with some of Cole's most biting lyrics to date. A couple highlights are "Downtown" (also featured on the Bad Influence soundtrack) and "No Blue Skies," which does a great job of boiling down the essence of Lloyd Cole into 4:11. (drumz@best.com)
Don't Get Weird on Me Babe
Lloyd Cole—vocals, bass, guitar, harmonica, organ, Hammond organ, piano
Blair Cowan—accordion, guitar, harmonium, Hammond organ, piano
Bashiri Johnson—percussion
Jack Johnson—guitar
Fred Maher—drums, guitar, percussion
Leland Sklar—bass
Matthew Sweet—bass, vocals
Carlos Vega—drums
Paul Buckmaster—arrangements, conductor
This is an interesting one: it rocks hard on side A, then introduces a full backing orchestra on side B. Despite one or two songs on the orchestral side that strike me as cheezy in much the same way as some of Cohen's recent stuff, this is still a solid offering. (drumz@best.com)
1993—Ryko
Lloyd Cole—vocals
John Carruthers
Neil Clark
Anton Fier
Bob Hoffnar
Fred Kevorkian
Fred Maher
Peter Mark
Dan McCarroll
John Micco—bass, backing vocals
Adam Peters
Matthew Sweet
Ann Charlott Vengsgaard
Dana Vicek
Curtis Watt
I don't really recommend starting with this one, which starts off with a bang but suffers a noticeable dropoff through much of side B. The US release at least adds some nice bonus tracks. Cole continues to prove himself one of the world's best songwriters. (drumz@best.com)
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> How to Get More Money Than You Know What to Do With (Jay Conner)
Guest Speaker: Jay Conner
How to Get More Money Than You Know What to Do With, with Jay Conner
Jay Conner’s message is so critical to your wealth. The key to buying bank-owned properties in the current market is private money. Without it, you’re not going far. With it, you can buy four houses a month from your desk and get deals at 40-60 cents on the dollar.
Jay is a guy who’s made over a million per year in the last 8 years in a town of little more than 40K, and all while only working about 10 hours a month. It’s all due to private money. He’ll show you how he raised $2,100,000 in 90 days and give you the scripts and steps to do the same.
What you’ll learn about in this episode:
*Automating your business and how it can free up your life
*What private lending is and how it differs from hard money
*How Jay developed the problem of having more money from private lenders than he knows what to do with
*What to say to put yourself in control with private money
*The percent of the after-repair value you should shoot for with a private lender
*Points to make to private lenders to encourage them to invest their money
*Disadvantages of investing in the stock market
*How private lending gets even easier once you build trust
*Where to find private lenders quickly and easily
*Using the rule of five to find private lenders with hardly any effort
*A short script to use to talk to your contacts about using their money for private lending
*Why private lending can be called unlimited funding
*What you can learn from Jay’s free online class
*The hardest part of private lending
*A sneak peek on a future podcast where Jay talks about how to find foreclosure
*Why you don’t have to be in a big market to enjoy big income
Watch Jay’s Training Webinar
Get Lance’s Free Book Here
Free Subscription to Lance’s Newsletter
Access to Lance’s TWO Best Selling Books
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Italiensk design för skandinaviska miljöer
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Our aim is to work with Italian brands that stand for high quality, exciting design and are unique within their segment.
We represent: Agape, Agapecasa, Bosa, cc-tapis, GTV, Italamp, Paola Lenti and Tacchini.
Below, a short presentation of the brands and links to their websites.
Immersion free-standing bathtub, design Neri&Hu.
Agape was established in 1973 by the Benedini family in Verona and subsequently relocated to Mantua. Founded with the vocation of creating new ways of interpreting the bathroom, the company today sets a benchmark for contemporary furniture. Under Agape’s expert guidance the bathroom shifts from functional space to emotional centre of the home, becoming a dynamic and rejuvenating environment devoted to personal wellbeing.
For 40 years Agape has helped lead the way in bathroom evolution. Its iconic products such as Spoon and Ottocento by Benedini Associati have become milestones in contemporary décor. Today, leading designers are putting their names to pieces that are already design classics, such as the Vieques bathtub by Patricia Urquiola and the Bjhon washbasins, conceived in 1970 by Angelo Mangiarotti and currently made in marble, stone and the innovative and eco-sustainable material, Cristalplant® biobased.
Today, the company offers consulting services to designers, investors and general contractors in the hotel and shipbuilding industries and the large residential project sector. Agape is in a position to meet the new demands of the market, expressing its distinctive and original style with 100% reliability.
Agapecasa
Eros table with gravity-based embedding between the top and legs, design by Mangiarotti.
For the most sophisticated customer that look for precision and details that are unseen otherwise. See the whole collection and find your favorites.
Agapecasa extends the vision of Agape to the whole of domestic life, with original products that are refined, functional and modern. The ”Mangiarotti Collection” is a collection of furniture made from prototypes, designed by Angelo Mangiarotti from the early 50s onwards: design classics, carefully tested and updated in full agreement with Studio Mangiarotti.
Maestro Vase, design by Jaime Hayon.
Bosa is a family owned company in the small village Borso del Grappa in the region of Veneto in northeast Italy. The company started in 1976 by Italo Bosa and has since then engaged the whole family making the finest ceramic products according to traditional venetian handicraft methods. Today, the company is run by the daughters in the family, Daniela and Francesca.
All steps in the manufacturing process – from drawings, forms, pottery, burning, coloring and lacquering – are done in the same lab where everything started back in the 70’s. Over the years numerous collaborations have started with known designers like e.g. Satyendra Pakhalé, Patricia Urquiola, Luca Nichetto, Elena Salmistraro and Jaime Hayon. Bosa has today an assortment of products with both traditional and modern design, often playful and colorful objects.
It was then an honor when Disney for its 90-year celebration asked Bosa to make a special edition of Mickey Mouse. Together with Elena Salmistraro ”Mickey Forever Young” was realized as a limited edition.
Bliss – Big Ultimate and Ultimate Standard, design by Mae Engelgeer.
cc-tapis has the roots in France and Italy and is maybe the most visible and communicative rug-company in the world today. Designers like Patricia Urquiola, Mae Engelgeer and Bethan Laura Wood, just to mention few, have all contributed to the creation of unique rugs that help to lift the total experience of the room.
All rugs are made by hand by skilled artisans in own facilities in Nepal and can be customized into the smallest detail, in whatever size, form and colors to meet the individual customer needs and requirements. Broad possibilities of meeting customer needs and different manufacturing techniques makes cc-tapis rugs very interesting and competitive also for the contract and project market.
cc-tapis is a brand that makes the difference, with its products as well as on the humanitarian level. cc-for education, a non-profit organization, was founded in May 2015 by Nelcya Chamszadeh and Fabrizio Cantoni (the owners and founders of the company) with the mission to provide a complete education to the children of weavers in Nepal, offering education in private schools from kindergarten all the way through to high-school graduation.
GTV – Gebrüder Thonet Vienna
Targa sofa, design by Gamfratesi
The Thonet chair is maybe one of the most known and used chairs in the world. The original company, started back in mid 1800, had a huge success and developed over the years numerous production plants all over the world. After the second world war the original company suffered for many years and slowly rebuilt its production and business in Austria.
Some years ago, the right to produce and use of the brand was bought by an Italian company that started to reproduce the iconic original chairs. But more important, it started to develop a new collection where traditional bended wood is mixed with contemporary design and materials. As it is said: ”The heritage design the future”.
Today, Gebrüder Thonet Vienna stand for innovation and offer a vast collection of furniture pieces for residential and contract. The collaboration with know designers like e.g. Nendo, Front Design and Gamfratesi have resulted in a number of pieces that already have become icons themselves, used and demanded for many projects around the world.
Dalí, design by Nava + Arosio.
Founded in 1975, Italamp has built over time its own recognizability in the lighting sector, distinguishing itself for an eclectic proposal of elements of classic and contemporary design and sometimes results of collaborations with international designers.
Italamp develops and manufactures its products entirely in Italy. The products stand out for their strong personality and for the use of craft techniques that guarantee for each creation the highest quality and uniqueness.
Italamp conceives made-to-order products and customized solutions. The company offers two different levels of customization that will be developed according to the needs of each project.
Kabá sofa and armchair, design by E. Nedkov
Paola Lenti started from a thread: the one used for the rugs, the first products introduced on the market branded Paola Lenti. It was 1994 and started as passionate artisans with a scrupulous attention to the quality of materials: always looking for a point of contact, a special harmony between colors, signs and shapes. Year after year, Paola Lenti have experimented on yarns and fabrics; this led to the first outdoor collections that have made the brand known in Italy and in the world.
Today, Paola Lenti can count on cutting-edge technical yarns and at the same time recover “ancient” fibers such as flax and hemp, enhancing cultures from other parts of the world and cultivation methods that risk disappearing.
Since inception, the respect for the planet is among the brand priorities, producing sustainable furnitures using process with low environmental impact.
From residential projects to the world of yachting and hospitality, the company has developed over the years a specific expertise to ensure tailor-made solutions to any kind of context. To the outdoor collections, those for interiors have been added, transforming the house Paola Lenti in a complete domestic universe.
Julep sofa and armchair, design by Jonas Wagell.
Tacchini is a family owned company in the Brianza area north of Milan. The company started back in the 1960’s when the Italian furniture industry was developed. Tacchini has during the years specialized in designing and producing furniture for homes and public spaces, mixing new models with old icons that has reborn under the hands of the company artisans.
Over the years, Tacchini has collaborated with famous designers like e.g. Luca Nichetto, Gianfranco Frattini and Pearson Lloyd to mention some, but also with some successful Swedish designers like Monica Förster, Claesson-Koivisto-Rune and Jonas Wagell.
The collection today represent the best from Italian design and quality with a touch of Scandinavian style and forms. Many classic pieces have seen the light and gained interest and attraction among international design interested clients.
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Conservation of Archaeological Waterlogged Wooden Objects Using Trehalose and Freeze Drying
Author: Andrea Madarász
Mentors: Lecturer András Morgós, PhD; Katalin Orosz, PhD (Head of the paper conservation specialization); Márta Kissné Bendefy (Head of the leather conservation specialization)
Hungarian University of Fine Arts, Budapest (Hungary)
Study programme: Conservation
Specialization: Wood and furniture (5th year of study)
The conservation of archaeological waterlogged wood is a challenge for conservators all over the world. The most critical interventions are impregnation and drying of the objects. The conservation procedures are often expensive and can extend over long periods of time. Therefore, many are still looking for cheaper and less time consuming methods.
The degree work, carried out at the Hungarian University of Fine Arts, summarized here is a contribution to the efforts to achieve the aforesaid targets. During the conservation/impregnation of three waterlogged wooden objects, a kind of sugar called trehalose was employed. Trehalose is a disaccharide, commonly used as a cryoprotectant and preventing the denaturation of microorganisms in frozen condition. The main advantages of this material when used for conservation purposes are its small molecule size, fast crystallization, high solubility in water, low hygroscopicity and fast drying even in open air. In order to make drying faster and more cost-effective, freeze drying was used. This method is well known in conservation practice, but has not yet been used for waterlogged wooden objects impregnated with trehalose. Therefore, a preliminary investigation had to be undertaken. The presentation gives a short insight into conservation with trehalose, followed by freeze drying.
The author has not submitted the paper.
Read more: Conservation of Archaeological Waterlogged Wooden Objects Using Trehalose and Freeze Drying
Explorers of The Lost Treasures of my Homeland: Conservation-restoration educational workshop for the youngest
Authors: Josipa Marić, Ivana Vukadin
Mentor: Senior Lecturer Joška-Tea Katunarić Kirjakov
Arts Academy, Split (Croatia)
Study programme: Integrated undergraduate and graduate course of study in conservation-restoration
Specialization: Archaeological heritage (4th year of study)
In June 2014 the authors participated in the workshop Explorers of The Lost Treasures of my Homeland, which was a part of the Ministry of Culture’s program Backpack (Full) of Culture. The project goal was to acquaint children, at the youngest age, with objects of cultural heritage and the basic methods of archaeological excavation, conservation-restoration treatments and the concept of live museum, in which children would participate as both curators and protagonists.
The workshop was devised by Joška-Tea Katunarić Kirjakov, senior lecturer at the Arts Academy in Split, and held in the local elementary school Dubrava. Three third-year conservation-restoration students and two third-year visual culture and visual art students participated. Students got the opportunity to get familiar with the educative part of the popularization of cultural heritage, while the children got acquainted with the work of archaeologists and conservators, and learned about the ancient periods of the local history.
Children "excavated ancient remains", and thereafter identified, cleaned and reassembled them, recording them with drawings. They also made bows and arrows that were like the ones the emperor Diocletian used while hunting in the woods of Dubrava. Professor Katunarić Kirjakov introduced them to the way of life of the ancient residents of Dubrava.
Click here to read the paper online. (PDF // 137.35 KB)
When citing, please indicate the title of the paper and the names of the authors. You must clearly indicate konferencija-restauracija.com as the source.
Read more: Explorers of The Lost Treasures of my Homeland: Conservation-restoration educational workshop for...
Conservation, Restoration, Reconstruction and Presentation of Fragments of Roman Wall Paintings From the Archaeological Site Mediana, Niš
Authors: Vladimir Pajić, MA, Marina Tekić, MA, Miša Jovanović, MA, and Tijana Lekić, MA
Mentors: Professor Radomir Samardzic, MSc
Faculty of Applied Arts, Belgrade (Serbia)
Study programme: Conservation and Restoration
Specialization: Wall paintings and mosaics (1st year of Master's programme)
The project of conservation, restoration, reconstruction and display of fragments of wall paintings from the Roman period, found at the site of Mediana (Niš), was realized through team work of four students of the Master’s program at the Faculty of Applied Arts, Belgrade, the National Institute for the Protection of Cultural Monuments and the Faculty of Physical Chemistry. Over a relatively short period of time several thousand wall painting fragments, which were close to total degradation, were conserved, restored and put together. Six reconstructed items were returned to the site. Prior to any conservation work being carried out, a series of technical analyses were conducted, in order to gain insight into the Roman painting techniques. The complete pigment palette of the Roman painters in Maesia and Dacia was thus reconstructed, based on the available sources and the results of the analysis carried out within the framework of the project. The micro-Raman and XRF spectroscopy of ten samples of the colored layer proved the representative character of the villa with a peristyle to which the paintings belonged, supporting the earlier scientific research according which its builder was Constantine the Great.
NOTICE TO AUTHORS: The text has been proofread by Katarina Hraste, MSc, member of the Organizing Committee of the 12th International Conference of the Conservation-Restoration Studies.
Read more: Conservation, Restoration, Reconstruction and Presentation of Fragments of Roman Wall Paintings...
From Munich to Zagreb: Research and conservation of the painting "The Satyr and the Peasant" by Miroslav Kraljević
Author: Mirna Međeral
Mentor: Assoc. Professor Tamara Ukrainčik
Academy of Fine Arts, Zagreb (Croatia)
Study programme: Conservation and Restoration of Works of Art
Specialization: Panel Painting (5th year of study)
The presentation deals with a painting that Miroslav Kraljević, Croatian Modern painter, executed at Old Pinakothek in 1910, during his education in Munich. He copied a 17th century piece by Jacob Jordaens, The Satyr and the Peasant, which he subsequently sent to his homeland, to be sold there. More than a hundred years later, the painting arrived in the Department of Conservation of Works of Art – its darkened surface in desperate want of good old scrub. The meticulous research that followed unravelled interesting details and offered answers to most of the raised questions...
How and why was this stunning copy created? Who were the painting’s previous owners and how it ended up in the smoky room at the Academy? How to approach the problem of darkened varnish: by (effectively) removing it, or by (ethically) preserving it? The presentation offers an insight into the painting’s past and how it affected its present condition, and the decisions that had to be made during its conservation treatments.
Read more: From Munich to Zagreb: Research and conservation of the painting "The Satyr and the Peasant" by...
Resistance of Paraloid B-72 to Temperature and UV Radiation
Author: Nađa Šperac
Mentors: Professor Branko Matulić, PhD; Lecturer Nikola Radošević; Assistant Professor Ivica Ljubenkov, PhD
Specialization: Wall paintings and mosaics (5th year of study)
Extended abstract [ORAL PRESENTATION IN CROATIAN]
Paraloid B-72 is the thermoplastic, non-yellowing, synthetic resin. Its chemical composition is copolymer methacrylate and ethyl methacrylate. Due to its chemical stability, reversibility, and good aging characteristics, Paralod B-72 has found wide use in conservation as a consolidant, adhesive, insulator and varnish. It is compatible with almost every material.
A previous research has proved Paraloid B-72’s smaller or greater vulnerability to microorganism attack, depending on the solvent used. Taking into consideration this and many other researches, it was decided to investigate Paraloid B-72's resistance to high temperatures and UV radiation.
The research will use the analytical method of thermogravimetry, which is normally employed in the characterization and identification of materials, determination of organic contents in materials as well as in – for us here particularly interesting – the investigation of material degradation mechanisms.
There will be four different samples, each consisting of a layer of lime plaster, a pigment layer, and a layer of Paraloid B-72 used in the following concentrations:
3 % – the concentration which is generally used for consolidation purposes/ as a consolidant,
7 % – according to foreign articles, the most widely used concentration when it is employed as insulator, varnish, etc.
50 % – the common concentration of Paraloid B-72, when used as an adhesive.
It was agreed that it would be interesting to check its resistance to temperature and reversibility in these concentrations. Therefore, it is planned to expose the samples continuously for three months to the following temperature values:
35 °C – the temperature chosen according to the Tg, which is between 30 and 40 C,
45 °C – the temperature, which is slightly above the Tg values of Paraloid B-72,
50 °C – the maximum temperature that a facade can reach in the summer period,
80 °C – this extreme temperature was chosen as the ultimate endurance test.
The tests of Paraloid B-72 susceptibility to UV radiation require simulation of weather conditions during the summer months when the UV index is high. Two groups of samples will be prepared for this research. The first one will consist of a layer of lime mortar, a layer of blue pigment, and a layer of Paraloid B-72. The second one will contain all of the above, except that the blue pigment will be replaced with green pigment. Both samples will be prepared using a secco technique. They will be continuously exposed to UV radiation for the specific period of time, which will reveal the endurance of Paraloid B-72 and its ability to protect extremely sensitive green and blue pigments.
This research results will be relevant for exterior wall paintings, stucco and sgraffito decorations, all of which get exposed to high temperature and UV radiation in Mediterranean summer weather conditions.
Read more: Resistance of Paraloid B-72 to Temperature and UV Radiation
Similarities and Differences in the History, Techniques and Technologies Used in two Gothic Panel Paintings From the Historic Region of Lesser Poland
Authors: Filip Pelon and Bartosz Zarębski, MA [in music]
Mentors: Professor Marta Lempart-Geratowska; Assistant Professor Jarosław Adamowicz
Jan Matejko Academy of Fine Arts, Cracow (Poland)
Specialization: Paintings (6th year of study)
The authors compare the history, techniques and technologies employed in the making of two Gothic panel paintings from the Lesser Poland. Despite differences in painting layers, the supports reveal similarities in the execution of the woodwork. The authors put forward the hypothesis that the panels were made in the same carpenter’s shop, which has left mark on them. They also stress the fact that both paintings have been worshiped for ages, which in both cases has resulted in many repairs and over-paintings, suggesting that there could be an interesting link between the Gothic panel paintings from the Lesser Poland and those from some other, lesser known, European centers, in which the existence of the same type of panel paintings has been documented.
When citing, please indicate the title of the paper and the name of the authors. You must clearly indicate konferencija-restauracija.com as the source.
Read more: Similarities and Differences in the History, Techniques and Technologies Used in two Gothic Panel...
A Creative Way to Practical Knowledge: Optimal ratio determination of binders, and pigments in oil paint production
Authors: Barbara Dragan and Petra Zaviršek
Mentors: Associate Professor Tamara Trček Pečak, MA; Assistant Professor Irena Kralj Cigić, PhD; Assistant Professor Drago Kočar, PhD; Aleksander Mikuš; Assistant Gregor Kokalj, MA; Assistant Nina Dorič Majdič, MA
Academy of Fine Arts and Design, Ljubljana (Slovenia)
Specialization: – (3rd [final] year of the Bachelor's programme)
Owing to its unique characteristics, oil paint still remains an indispensable paint material. There are plenty of ready-made products on the market and they vary both in price and quality. Painters usually use more affordable oil paints that are consequently of lower quality. This results in a faster deterioration of paintings and a more difficult conservation-restoration work.
These were the main reasons behind our wish to create oil paints of high quality that would still remain accessible to a wide range of users.
The last year’s interdisciplinary project connected chemistry, fine arts and conservation-restoration. Conservation-restoration students were making oil colours searching for the optimal ratio between binding medium and pigments, and prepared samples that were analysed by chemistry students.They measured opacity, viscosity and elasticity of paint and observed its behaviour in an accelerated aging chamber. The purpose of the project was to determine the optimal ratio between basic components of the selected oil paints from a user-applicative perspective, supported by the standard objective chemical-physical methods. This project was just the first step towards our goal. We will be continuing our mission during this year’s project.
Projekt delno financira Evropska unija iz Evropskega socialnega sklada. Projekt se izvaja v okviru Operativnega programa razvoja človeških virov za obdobje 2007-2013, 1. razvojne prioritete “Spodbujanje podjetništva in prilagodljivosti” ter prednostne usmeritve 1.3.: “Štipendijske sheme”, v okviru potrjene operacije “Po kreativni poti do praktičnega znanja”.
When citing, please indicate the title of the paper and the names of all the authors. You must clearly indicate konferencija-restauracija.com as the source.
Read more: A Creative Way to Practical Knowledge: Optimal ratio determination of binders, and pigments in...
Disassembling, Restoration and Reassembling of a Stone Altar
Authors: Dominik Rajčević and Mateja Novaković
Mentor: Assistant Professor Siniša Bizjak
Specialization: Stone (4th year of study)
The altar of Our Lady of Good Health is one of the nine restored altars in the church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Rogoznica, and the only one that was disassembled, restored and reassembled. The works were carried out between October and December 2014.
The altar stands against the west wall, in the right church aisle. The exact time of its making is impossible to determine. Namely, judging by its stylistic features the year 1893 incised in the mensa could not be the year in which it was constructed. It is much more likely that it was carved earlier and moved to its present location in 1893.
The altar is made of Carrara Bianco marble and limestone, and embellished with marble inlays. The altarpiece contains the image of Our Lady Good Health, with a silver repousse cover. The altar was soiled, stained, and with deteriorated and displaced elements, missing inlays and holes drilled into the cornice of the mensa. Although the missing parts of inlays and the soiled upper part of the altar, caused by the burning of candles in the church, made a particularly unpleasant visual impression, the corroded iron dowels and clamps that stained the altar and were used as bonds between its stone elements, were causing much greater harm, since the breaking and bursting of stone due to volume expansion linked to their corrosion, threatened the static stability of the whole structure.
The only way to solve this serious problem was to disassemble the altar, replace the corroded iron elements, and reassemble it. When the altar was disassembled, it was found out that in its assembling lime and, in some places, even Portland cement were used. The iron dowels were used to connect different stone elements, while the majority of clamps were used to fix the altar element to the wall. The iron elements were kept in position using cast lead.
The logical first step was to remove the corroded dowels and clamps. The work began at the bottom of the altar, proceeding upwards to the top. The stone elements that were displaced from their original position, were the most easy to remove. The corroded iron elements were removed using traditional stonemasonry tools and electric drills, and replaced with new stainless steel dowels and clamps, over which new lead was poured. The broken stone fragments were glued together using epoxy glue, and the elements that were put back in their place were glued with white cement-based flexible adhesive. Now that the altar was completely stable, and back in one piece, the cleaning of the marble surface could begin.
The altar’s marble surface was cleaned with water vapour using a hand steamer. In the places in which this method did not give satisfactory results, cellulose pulp and Japan paper were applied. The pulp and paper were soaked with a 25% solution of ammonium carbonate in distilled water. The results were very satisfactory. In the end, smaller reconstructions, retouches, and the final conservation operations were carried out.
Read more: Disassembling, Restoration and Reassembling of a Stone Altar
Student Participation in Gabrijel Stupica Up Close: The Technology of Making and Preserving Works of Art Project
Authors: Marjeta Klemenčič and Petra Juvan
Mentor: Associate Professor Tamara Trček Pečak, MA
Specialization: Paintings and polychrome sculptures (2nd [final] year of the Master's programme)
Gabrijel Stupica Up Close: The Technology of Making and Preserving Works of Art project (2014) was the result of collaboration among the Restoration-Conservation Department of the Moderna galerija, the Restoration Department of the Academy of Fine Arts and Design, University of Ljubljana (UL ALUO), the Restoration Centre of the Institute for the Protection of Cultural Heritage of Slovenia, and the National Gallery of Slovenia.
The project involved scientific research, examination, documentation, and restoration of more than 150 of Stupica's works. In an attempt to reconstruct some of the technical solutions the artist resorted to, the undergraduate and graduate students of ALUO UL, under the supervision of the project’s authors Nada Madžarac (Moderna galerija) and assoc. professor Tamara Trček Pečak (UL ALUO) produced a series of technological studies of a number of details from Stupica's paintings, which gave insight into his thinking and creative work.
The exhibition, which included a video presentation, was open to the public at the Modern Gallery in Ljubljana, from April to August 2014. During this period the students involved in the work on technological studies were engaged as guides through the exhibition, explaining to the visitors the technology of Stupica’s work, the conclusions of the investigation, and the ways of preserving his paintings.
Read more: Student Participation in Gabrijel Stupica Up Close: The Technology of Making and Preserving Works...
The Effects of Gamma Irradiation on Historic Pigments
Author: Valentina Bakša
Mentors: Associate Professor Zvjezdana Jembrih, MA; Associate Professor Vladan Desnica, PhD
Specialization: Sculpture (5th year of study)
It is common to subject wooden objects to some sort of desinsection, before treating and storing them in the depot, in order to prevent the activities of microorganisms and other pests and contamination of the nearby wooden objects. The most common desinsection method used in recent times is radiation with intensive gamma rays, e.g. using radioactive cobalt 60. The dose can vary depending on the type of pest. Thus, a sculpture infected by microorganisms requires a higher amount of gamma radiation than a sculpture infested by worms.
In order to examine the possible impact of radiation on discoloration of sculptures, we submitted different paint layer samples to various amounts of gamma radiation and compared them after exposure. The investigation focused on the pigment types identified on the sculpture of the Blessed Virgin Mary from Hromec chapel (which had also been exposed to gamma radiation), but the investigation also included other frequently used pigments. Four types of priming were applied to a cardboard and overpainted with pigments mixed with different binders. To ensure an objective characterisation of colour and its visual alternations, the fibre optics reflectance spectroscopy (FORS) was used.
Read more: The Effects of Gamma Irradiation on Historic Pigments
Conservation and Restoration of the Poster "25 Juin 1916 journee Serbe" by Steinlen
Author: Jelena Simić
Mentors: Professor Svetislav Nikolić, MSc; Assistant Professor Tijana Lazić, MSc
Specialization: Paintings and works of art on paper (5th year of study)
The presentation is about the conservation and restoration of a poster from 1916; a lithograph by the famous French artist Steinlen that was brought from Corfu (Greece) in a roll. The dimensions of the poster are 114.5 cm × 77.5 cm.
The presentation covers the entire procedure of conservation and restoration, from the beginning to the end. That includes: thorough inspection of the object, investigative analysis, conservation-restoration treatment and the final presentation of the poster after the treatment. Practical work involved: mechanical removal of the support that the poster came with (it was glued to some kind of wallpaper), capillary washing of the poster (this technique of washing was used because the paper was very friable), drying, flattening and lining of the poster with Japanese paper, filling in of the missing parts and, finally, retouching.
At the end of the presentation, preventive conservation measures for the poster are proposed.
NOTICE TO AUTHOR: The text has been proofread by Katarina Hraste, MSc, member of the Organizing Committee of the 12th International Conference of the Conservation-Restoration Studies.
Read more: Conservation and Restoration of the Poster "25 Juin 1916 journee Serbe" by Steinlen
Removing Soot From the Surface of oil Paintings
Author: Joanna Sitnik
Mentor: Assistant Professor Alexander Hola, PhD
Academy of Fine Arts, Cracow (Poland)
Study programme: Conservation of Paintings
The presentation is about the research carried out by the author at the University of Antwerp during her Erasmus exchange period. The project included a research into the nature of soot, how it affects the paint layer and how it can be removed from the surface of oil paintings using solvents.
Fire damages to paintings are a very complicated and complex problem. Fire is always the cause of many interconnected damages, which complicate conservation. At extremely high temperatures, the paint layer undergoes a temperature shock, which results in significant ageing and worsening of the paint layer’s condition. The author tried to answer the following questions: Is it possible to remove soot from the surface using traditional conservation methods? Is it possible to restore the original appearance of a painting? The author also tried to find out whether soot could be removed without damage to paint layer.
The nature of the soot was studied by visual observation and by analysing the photos taken through a microscope. Solvent tests were performed on three paintings: two on canvas and one on plywood. The solvents were chosen according to their strength and polarity. The performance of the solvents was checked visually and by taking photos through a microscope.
Read more: Removing Soot From the Surface of oil Paintings
Presentation and Storage of the Romanesque Ceiling Painting Fragments From the Church of St. Nikolaus in Matrei
Author: Cäcilia Kegley
Mentors: Professor Wolfgang Baatz; Assistant Lecturer Beate Sipek, dipl. ing., MA; Assistant Lecturer Alexandra Sagmeister, MA,
Academy of Fine Arts, Vienna (Austria)
Specialization: Wall paintings and architectural surfaces (5th year of study)
The paper focuses on how the newly recovered fragments of old wall paintings were dealt with in Austria in the 20th century. Several different examples have been chosen to illustrate as many solutions to conservation, reassembling, storage, and display of such fragments. The acquired information was used to determine the best approach to the display of the former Romanesque ceiling paintings from the church St. Nikolaus in Matrei, East Tyrol. In 1997 archaeologists found its fragments carefully and reverently buried at a site close to the church. A fire damaging the bell tower in the late 18th century led to the precarious condition of the remaining paintings on the church ceiling. Fortunately, the incident did not destroy them completely, so that a large part of the original, although heavily over-painted scheme, is still in situ. Since neither of the two schemes is any longer in function as ceiling paintings, but have a history of their own, the problem now arises as to how to establish a connection between them , i.e. how to bring them together in a unique presentation. In a simulation of the future display, four fragments from St. Nikolaus were duplicated, each illustrating a different way of showcasing the objects in question.
Read more: Presentation and Storage of the Romanesque Ceiling Painting Fragments From the Church of St....
11th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE CONSERVATION-RESTORATION STUDIES, ZAGREB 2014
Post 13 January 2015
Below you will find abstracts of oral presentations that were given at the 11th International Conference of the Conservation-Restoration Studies. The conference took place in Zagreb in April 2014. To learn more about the event, please click here. Full papers are not available.
The splitting treatment on the obverse of the right, smaller wing of the Łącko Triptych from the beggining of the XVI-century
Author: Maria Kisiel
Mentor: Marta Lempart-Geratowska, Associate Professor
Jan Matejko Academy of Fine Arts in Kraków (Poland)
Study programme: Conservation and Restoration of Art
Specialization: Conservation-restoration of paintings, 6th study year
The aim of my presentation is to show the splitting treatment research, conservation and restoration of a panel paintings which were a part of the Łącko Tryptych(Lesser Poland). The paintings were on the obverse of the right wing. The 16th century underlayer depicting St. Peter and St. Nicolas was covered in 17th century by a baroque painting with the image of St. Rosalia. My conservation programme included the seperation of the two painting layers and transferring the most recent one to a new support. As this intervention was very difficult and risky, the capabilities of the splitting treatment were preceded by very precise research.
In my presentation I want to show the splitting treatment, which consists of:
• facing the upper paint layer
• softening of the baroque layer by temperature and chemical substances
• a step-by-step undercutting using scalpel
• adding expansion putty on the back and lining
• embedding the transferred baroque painting to the new lime support in the shape of the original one
• filling the looses
• cleaning the residue, varnish and dirt of the gothic painting.
Despite the fact that the splitting treatment is a quite controversial method, in my opinion it is worth looking into.
Read more: The splitting treatment on the obverse of the right, smaller wing of the Łącko Triptych from the...
Is crust black or white? A study in Croatian conservation – restoration terminology
Author: Helena Ugrina
Mentor: Katarina Hraste, MA
University of Split, Arts Academy in Split (Croatia)
Integrated Undergraduate/Graduate Program in Conservation-Restoration
Specialization: Conservation-restoration of stone, 5th study year
Conservation - restoration is a relatively new discipline, geared towards science. At this point, a precise and thorough research into the restoration-conservation concepts and terms is indispensable, because in this discipline terminological confusion is common among scientists, as well as among practicing conservators and restorers. This also includes the need for the standardization of Croatian conservation - restoration terminology, in order to avoid ambiguities and imprecision which the profession does not tolerate. The further benefit of this standardization would be a higher-quality domestic and international communications within the conservation-restoration community. The presentation gives a short critical review of Croatian terminology designating stone deterioration patterns (harmful surface deposits). The research is based on five exemplary texts published over the last five years, in three different regional centres (Zagreb, Split, Pula), and its results are compared to the definitions of the equivalent terms in ICOMOS –ISCSI Glossary of Stone Deterioration Patterns which promotes international cooperation, so important in this field.
Read more: Is crust black or white? A study in Croatian conservation – restoration terminology
Developing Carbon-fibre Reinforced Epoxy Dowels for the Reassembly of a Fragmented Egyptian Coffin Lid
Authors: Ana Maly, Julia Mitterbauer and Marco Rican
Mentor: Wolfgang Baatz, o. Univ. Prof. Mag. Dipl.-Ing., Department Head; Nanke C. Schellmann, Dr.rer.nat. MA (RCA), Senior Tutor & Research Scientist
Specialization: Conservation-restoration of wooden objects, 3rd year of study
The 3000-year-old Egyptian anthropoid wooden coffin lid, belonging to the priestess But-haar-chons (3rd Intermediate Period, Dynasty 21/22), is constructed of major wooden boards that are held together by cone-shaped dowels, wooden nails, mortis and tenon joints, as well as loose tenon joints.
Due to serious structural damage, restoration measures were carried out in the mid-20th century. However, those restoration measures were neither executed consistently nor fully completed, thereby resulting in the misalignment of some major wooden boards.
Subsequently, the re-integration of the detached stilt and many loose polychrome fragments became impossible, leaving the entire object in poor condition.
To re-align and re-join the wooden boards into correct position, using only the holes drilled during the previous restoration campaign, novel dowels were developed in order to in order to connect non-aligned holes through a customised form and bear the considerable weight of the coffin lid. Those dowels were formed in situ once the construction elements of the lid were correctly aligned using epoxy resin reinforced with specifically manufactured plaited carbon fibre cord.
Read more: Developing Carbon-fibre Reinforced Epoxy Dowels for the Reassembly of a Fragmented Egyptian...
Workshop experiences - materials and methods in wall painting conservation
Authors: Ivan-Vanja Martinović, Mirna Međeral and Ivana Pavleka
Mentor: Neva Pološki, Assistant Professor
University of Zagreb, Academy of Fine Arts (Croatia)
Integrated study programme: Conservation and Restoration of Works of Art
Specialization: Conservation-restoration of painting, 4sth study year
The main focus of this presentation is on materials used in conservation of wall paintings, which were presented on various conservation workshops held during 2013.
The presentation summarizes workshop experiences and highlights the importance of utilization of thus gained knowledge. It is divided into three basic chapters. The first part provides basic information on wall painting conservation materials and their characteristics, used for pre/consolidation, cleaning and desalination of wall paintings. The second part gives a concise overview of materials' presentation on various workshops. The last part of the presentation describes the subsequent application of the discussed conservation materials in the OKIRU wall painting studio. The characteristics of inogranic materials for wall painting conservation were ascertained through practical work and execution of empirical probes.
The assessed inorganic materials were the following: ammonium carbonate, barium hydroxide, EDTA tetrasodic, AB 57, various nanolimes, Nanoestel 2000 and cation exchange resin. The results have been critically evaluated and compared with expected outcomes.
Read more: Workshop experiences - materials and methods in wall painting conservation
The restoration of a Persian hand-armour
Author: Rebeka Nagy
Mentor: Márta Kissné Bendefy, Acting Head of Specialization in Leather Conservation; Andrea Várfalvi, Acting Head of Specialization in Textile Conservation
Hungarian University of Fine Arts (Hungary)
Study programme: Conservation of Applied Arts Objects
Specialization: Conservation-restoration of textile and leather, 10th semester
The issue of the presentation is the restoration of a Persian hand-armour - bazuband. It’s origin goes back to date of the Quadzsar-period, the 17-18th century.
The work was complicated because the object consisted of many different materials - alum-tawed leather, iron and brass wire-gauze and purple silk lining. The metals were corroded, the iron corrosion stained the whole surface of the white leather and the silk lining was dirty and torn at several parts.
The dismantling of the wire-gauze by removing the sewing threads couldn’t be avoided to ensure the safe cleaning circumstances for the organic materials. It seemed to be necessary to block the iron-ions in the leather because they catalyse its degradation. Calcium-phytate can stop this process but it is soluble in water which is harmful for the alum tawed skin, so this time i-propanol was added to the aqueous solution.
There were some difficulties with the wire-gauze as well. The corrosion had to be removed from the surface of two different metals. Mechanical cleaning followed by soaking in sodium-hexametaphosphate solution proved to be the best method. After cleaning the surface was covered with a protective layer of synthetic resin which had to be dried in a special way because of the chain-link structure.
The textile part of the object couldn’t be cleaned with water because it was not separated from the leather. But the misshaped threads had to be rearranged so the cloth was humidified. After that the textile part of the hand-armour could be conserved by sewing a support fabric underneath. At the end of the work the elements of the object were reassembled.
Read more: The restoration of a Persian hand-armour
Interfacultative collaboration of the Department for Conservation and Restoration of Works of Art, Academy of Fine Arts with the Department for Art History, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences in Zagreb
Authors: Luka Novak and Anica Pintur
Mentors: Zvjezdana Jembrih, MA, Associate Professor; Andrej Aranicki, MA, Associate Professor; Danko Šourek, PhD, Teaching Assistant; Ana Božičević, MA, Assistant
Integrated study programme: Conservation and Restoration of Art
Specialization: Conservation-restoration of sculpture, 4th study year
University of Zagreb, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences (Croatia)
Study programme: Art history
Specialization: Research, 5th study year
The subject of this presentation is the recently established interfacultative collaboration of the Department for Art History at the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences and the Department of Conservation and Restoration of Works of Art at the Academy of Fine Arts of the University of Zagreb. The objective of this project is closer collaboration of these Faculties with the goal of a more successful recovery of historical data regarding the works of art on which the students of Department of Conservation and Restoration of Works of Art have been working on.
Works of art that mark the beginning of this mutually beneficial collaboration will be presented as well as the problems that can occur while investigating these objects and uncovering their history.
Read more: Interfacultative collaboration of the Department for Conservation and Restoration of Works of...
Structural conservation of a Flemish panel painting by Adriaen de Gryef: Stabilization of the support
The skeleton of hand fans
Wooden polychrome sculpture "Suffering Christ" from the Diocesan Museum in Zagreb
Research on flexible gap fillers for wooden objects, based on the work of Mintrop
Preventive conservation of daguerreotypes in Slovenia
Conservation and restoration of painting "The Adoration of the Three Kings"
The problem of contemporary artwork’s conservation in the context of the artist’s notes and works: a case study of Maria Pinińska-Bereś’s "The Meadow of Your Body" - an artwork made using polymer foam
A proposal to establish a more suitable micro-indoor environment for the two paintings by Valentin Metzinger in the Succursal Church of Žale, Kamnik
Short video documentary: conservation and restoration works on the sculpture of St. Michael the Archangel
10th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE CONSERVATION-RESTORATION PROGRAMS, DUBROVNIK 2013.
Research Works on Izidor Kršnjavi's Easel Paintings by X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis (XRF)
Conservation and Restoration Interventions on Fragments of Wall Paintings From the Archaeological Site of St. Martin in Umag
Antique Fragments of the Wall Paintings from Knedlov vrt in Kranj and Issues of Conservation-Restoration of Archaeological Wall Paintings
Exploration, Restoration and Conservation Work on the Remaining Inventory of The St. Jacob on Očura
Reversibility and Minimal Intervention as Focus of Lining Paintings: Mist-Lining Method
Making Replica of Stone Pluteus From St. Peter the Great in Dubrovnik
Problems in the Restoration of Small Burse Due to the Complex Structure
Testing Effects of Consolidation Treatment Using Paraloid B72 Solution on Sorption Properties of Degraded Wood
Cleaning of the Decorative Frame From the Church of the Holy Cross in Split: Examining the Effectiveness of Enzymes
Conservation-Restoration of a Modern and a Contemporary Painting
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name:(Willie, Charles V.)
''The American Dream,'' Address delivered at Syracuse University
Syracuse, N.Y.
v. cut
Document Note
1 sound cassette: analog
Andrews, Michael F.
Willie, Charles V.
Bunche, Ralph J. (Ralph Johnson)
Bethune, Mary McLeod
Lowell, James Russell
Hope, Bob
Carver, George Washington
Mead, Margaret
Herskovits, Melville J. (Melville Jean)
Benedict, Ruth
Montgomery, Ala.
Jackson, Miss.
India trip
Martin Luther King, Jr. - Public Speaking
Segregation--law and legislation
The Declaration of Independence
MLKJP-GAMK
Martin Luther King, Jr. Papers (Series I-IV), Martin Luther King, Jr., Center for Nonviolent Social Change, Inc., Atlanta, Ga.
10/19/2011 jmkunz
''Minutes,'' Meeting of the Albany Movement (Albany, Ga.)
Albany Movement (Albany, Ga.)
Handwritten -- other than author's hand
Anderson, William G.
Page, Marion S.
King, Slater
Reagon, Cordell H.
Sherrod, Charles
Pritchett, Laurie
Wright, Thomas V.
Wright, Irene Asbury
Battle, Harry
Wilson, Eddie J.
Lowe, George A.
Burch, Bobby
Moultrie, Charles
Jackson, Emanuel
Hamilton, E.D.
King, C.W.
Buckner, Willie N.
Hall, Blanton T.
Gay, Benjamin
Reynolds, Charles
Noble, Aurelia P.
Collins, Freddie
Carswell, Julian
Albany Movement
HZP-WHi
Howard Zinn Papers, 1956-1970, State Historical Society of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis.
AMR-GAMK, Albany Movement Records, Martin Luther King, Jr., Center for Nonviolent Social Change, Inc., Atlanta, Ga.
8/21/2003 16:55:9
8/23/2013 dbeals
''The Student Voice'' 2, no. 3
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (U.S.)
8 pp.
6/25/1961-8/5/1961
4/14/1961-4/16/1961
5/1/1961-5/17/1961
Nesmith, Richard [MacMurray College (Jacksonville, Ill.)]
King, R. Edwin [Boston University (Boston, Mass.)]
Watts, Marzette
Embry, Elroy
Cole, Bessie
Richburg, James
Young, Aner R.
Dubose, Robert E.
Tuggle, J. L. [Atlanta (Ga.). Police Dept.]
Borders, William Holmes
Walden, A. T. (Austin Thomas)
Johnson, Leroy R.
Williamson. Q. V.
Hill, Jesse
Yancey, Johnnie
Moss, Otis
Clement, Rufus E.
King, Lonnie C.
Hunter, Charlayne
Holmes, Hamilton
Sullivan, Herschelle
Maclean, Malcom [Savannah (Ga.). Office of the Mayor]
Holmes, Oliver W.
Charles, Ray
Parmater, Frank J. [Elkhart (Ind.). Office of the Mayor]
Combs, Bert T. [Kentucky. Office of the Governor]
Hoblitzell, Bruce [Louisville (Ky.). Office of the Mayor]
Baker, Abraham [Glen Echo Amusement Park (Glen Echo, Md.)]
Baker, Sam [Glen Echo Amusement Park (Glen Echo, Md.)]
Freeman, Frankie M. [United States. Commission on Civil Rights]
Hughley, J. Neal
McDole, Robert
Luper, Clara
Nash, Diane [Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (U.S.)]
Smith, Ruby D. [Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (U.S.)]
Sherrod, Charles [Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (U.S.)]
Jones, Charles C. [Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (U.S.)]
Ivory, C. A.
McDew, Charles [Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (U.S.)]
Ricks, Willie
Williams, James F.
Stearns, Eldrewey J. [Progressive Youth Association (Houston, Texas)]
Berrard, Clarence
Labastrie, Ronald P.
Ferrell, Robert C.
Dunson, Margie S.
Thorton, Virginius
Thornton, Lucy
King, David
Carmon, Nathaniel
Benjamin, Arnold
Douglas, James
James, Hulbert
Reeves, Claudette
Bassom, Mary
Vaughan, Carol
Monroe, Albert
Morris, James
Spencer, Amanda [Leggett's Department Store (Lynchburg, Va.)]
Chambers, Edith [Leggett's Department Store (Lynchburg, Va.)]
Long, Rosiland
Long, Milton
Long, Cecelia
Poindexter, Eula
Poindexter, Darlene
James, Charles
James, Judith
Wilkinson, Nadine
Wilkinson, Cassandra
Cotton, Dorothy F. [Southern Christian Leadership Conference]
Carey, Gordon R. [Congress of Racial Equality]
Jenkins, Timothy [United States National Student Association]
United States. District Court (Alabama : Southern District)
Alabama. Court of Appeals
Regal Cafe (Montgomery, Ala.)
MacMurray College (Jacksonville, Ill.)
Boston University (Boston, Mass.)
George Washington University (Washington, D.C.)
Marshall Hall Amusement Park (Washington, D.C.)
Baltimore Orioles (Baseball team)
Miami Stadium (Miami, Fla.)
Vero Beach Dodgers (Baseball team)
Dodgertown (Vero Beach, Fla.)
Al Lang Field (St. Petersburg, Fla.)
New York Yankees (Baseball team)
St. Louis Cardinals (Baseball team)
Atlanta Braves (Baseball team)
Bradentown Field (Bradenton, Fla.)
Atlanta (Ga.). Police Dept.
University of Georgia (Athens, Ga.)
Savannah (Ga.). Office of the Mayor
Bacon Park Golf Course (Savannah, Ga.)
Bell Auditorium (Augusta, Ga.)
Paine College (Augusta, Ga.)
Elkhart (Ind.). Office of the Mayor
Louisville (Ky.). Office of the Mayor
Kentucky. Office of the Governor
Louisville (Ky.). City Hall
Kentucky Commission on Human Rights
New Orleans (La.). City Hall
Louisiana. Supreme Court
Greyhound Bus Lines
Trailways Bus Lines
Glen Echo Amusement Park (Glen Echo, Md.)
Mississippi. Legislature. House of Representatives
United States. Commission on Civil Rights
Duke University (Durham, N.C.)
North Carolina College at Durham (Durham, N.C.)
Carolina Theatre (Durham, N.C.)
Center Theatre (Durham, N.C.)
Rockingham County Improvement League (Rockingham County, N.C.)
Mann's Cut Rate Store (Reidsville, N.C.)
Charlotte College (Charlotte, N.C.)
Carver College (Charlotte, N.C.)
Charlotte Rehabilitation Hospital (Charlotte, N.C.)
Anna Maude Cafeteria (Oklahoma City, Okla.)
Fisk University (Nashville, Tenn.)
Spelman College (Atlanta, Ga.)
Virginia Union University (Richmond, Va.)
Johnson C. Smith University (Charlotte, N.C.)
South Carolina. Department of Highways and Public Transportation. Division of Motor Vehicles
South Carolina State House (Columbia, S.C.)
Greenville Municipal Airport (Greenville, S.C.)
Morris College (Sumter, S.C.)
Alderman Drug Co. (Sumter, S.C.)
Lawson Pharmacy (Sumter, S.C.)
Carnegie Public Library (Sumter, S.C.)
Rogers Theater (Chattanooga, Tenn.)
Lane College (Jackson, Tenn.)
University of Texas at Austin (Austin Texas)
Texas Theatre (Austin Texas)
Majestic Theater (Dallas, Texas)
Palace Theater (Dallas, Texas)
Interstate Theaters, Inc.
Majestic Theater (San Antonio, Texas)
Loew's State Theatre (Houston, Texas)
Metropolitan Theatre (Houston, Texas)
Progressive Youth Association (Houston, Texas)
Rice University (Houston, Texas)
Union Station Coffee Shop (Houston, Texas)
University of Virginia (Charlottesville, Va.)
University Theater (Charlottesville, Va.)
Hampton Institute (Hampton, Va.)
Leggett's Department Store (Lynchburg, Va.)
Public Safety Building (Norfolk, Va.)
Miller and Rhoads (Roanoke, Va.)
Lee Junior High School (Roanoke, Va.)
Monroe Junior High School (Roanoke, Va.)
Melrose Elementary School (Roanoke, Va.)
West End Elementary School (Roanoke, Va.)
Encampment for Citizenship
Emergency Public Integration Committee (Cambridge, Mass.)
Southern Christian Leadership Conference
Highlander Folk School (Monteagle, Tenn.)
Southwestern Bell Telephone Company
Reed College (Portland, Or.)
United States National Student Association
Mobile, Ala.
Jacksonville, Ill.
Miami, Fla.
Vero Beach, Fla.
St. Petersburg, Fla.
Augusta, Ga.
Athens, Ga.
Savannah, Ga.
Macon, Ga.
Elkhart, Ind.
Louisville, Ky.
New Orleans, La.
Montgomery County, Md.
Noxubee County, Miss.
St. Louis, Mo.
Flat River, Mo.
Charlotte, N.C.
Durham, N.C.
Fayetteville, N.C.
Reidsville, N.C.
Raleigh, N.C.
Oklahoma City, Okla.
Rock Hill, S.C.
Columbia, S.C.
Greenville, S.C.
Sumter, S.C.
Chattanooga, Tenn.
Riggold, Ga.
Nashville, Tenn.
Jackson, Tenn.
Charlottesville, Va.
Hampton, Va.
Lynchburg, Va.
Norfolk, Va.
Roanoke, Va.
New York, N.Y.
Cambridge, Mass.
Monteagle, Tenn.
Discrimination in public accomodations
Discrimination in Employment
Freedom rides
Jail no bail
Segregation in transportation
Sit-ins
Student movements
5/15/2018 dalai
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Written by Brent Glass in the From the Executive Director category and the Summer 1992 issue Topics in this article:
From the Executive Director features news and reflections on the work of PHMC by its chief administrator.
Travel Journal, July 1992.
The importance of imagination in public history occurs to me several times this month as I participate in various commemorations and celebrations.
July 4, New York
As the Brig Niagara maneuvers into position at the South Street Seaport, thousands of spectators line the docks, cheering and taking pictures. The festival of tall ships is inspiring and exhilarating, but a little disappointing too as the rain and fog slows the parade and causes maritime gridlock similar to that of epic Manhattan rush hours. As I peer through the mist across the deck of the Niagara, I tune out the cacophony of ship whistles, dance bands, fireworks, and crowds. Instead, I think of the fierce battle that we commemorate on this ship. I think about the one hundred and fifty-five sailors scrambling madly amidst the cannon and ammunition. I think about the dead and the wounded, patriots all. And I think of Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry boarding the Niagara – now the Commonwealth’s official flagship – with the famous battle flag, “Don’t Give Up the Ship,” and leading his fleet to a decisive victory on a September afternoon in 1813.
July 6, Homestead
I am attending a conference on the centennial of the Homestead Strike of 1892. Hundreds of scholars, labor leaders, and community activists have gathered to discuss the meaning of the event, arguably the best known – but, perhaps, least understood – chapter in the history of American labor. At the end of the day we take buses down to the Monongahela River for the unveiling and dedication of a state historical marker. This is the very place where three hundred Pinkerton Detective Agency guards, recruited by Henry Clay Frick to protect the Carnegie Steel Works in Homestead, landed. At this site they were confronted by irate steel workers who had been locked out of the mills for more than a week. As the dedication ceremony begins, my thoughts drift to this date and place one hundred years ago, and to the pitched battle that raged through an entire day, leaving ten dead and scores injured.
July 14, Cornwall
This is not the first time I am touring the remarkably well-preserved iron furnace at Cornwall in Lebanon County. The occasion is the two hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the furnace, and I am pleased that we are taking steps to make long overdue repairs to the historic site’s buildings and structures. Our tour guide believes we can preserve the buildings, but notes that it is impossible to re-create the atmosphere of a working iron furnace. Think of the choking dust created by seemingly countless mounds of smoldering charcoal, our guide suggests, and think of the noise and the smell of suffocating sulphur permeating this industrial complex. Try, just try, to picture yourself working – and living – in such miserable conditions. The image is grim.
The task we have in public history is formidable. To make the past come alive requires infinitely more than the acquisition, restoration, and preservation of documents, objects, buildings, and even entire villages. Finding meaningful ways to stimulate our imaginative powers involves creative skills of the highest order. Role playing, living history demonstrations, first person interpretations, and reenactments all contribute toward reaching this challenging goal. To engage public imagination as we preserve public memory is the next frontier in public history programming.
Brent D. Glass
Buy PA Heritage Magazine
On the Cover:
Dr. Chevalier J. Jackson (1856-1961), credited with saving thousands of lives during his lengthy career in Pittsburgh and Philadelphia, was also a talented artist who devoted much time to painting, drawing and etching. (Courtesy Mr. and Mrs. Frank Bugbee)
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Philippine Genre Stories
Fantasy, horror, science fiction, crime, and everything in between
The Fire At Dawn
by Jose Guerra Sison
Do you want to live, child?” He asked, holding His hand out to me. His face, I could barely see, as a bright light shone behind him. I stared at His outstretched hand, dumbfounded by the question. Did He really need to ask? I took it without hesitation. His warmth took the edge off the hunger that had lived inside me for years.
“Remember Me and keep the faith.”
I nodded. As the bright light behind him faded, I felt an immense energy between His hand and mine, manifesting into a ball of pure light. It blazed like the sun, before turning into a smooth, round onyx nestled in my palm.
“This is a mark of My trust, and your faith. You will know when to use it.”
Then He vanished into a canopy of flames.
The ground beneath me shook. I found myself atop the hill on Keeper’s Hollow, the village that I was ordained to serve. I was no longer a child, but a grown Keeper of the Faith. The bells rang wildly, and all around me, my brothers were on their knees, chanting. The sight of the church on fire had me scrambling to my knees.
“He who walks the earth and lives among us! He who descended from the skies so that we may live life to the fullest! Grant us Your presence so that we may douse this fire in Your Name!” The chanting was fierce and unanimous.
“He who rules the earth and ordained us, Keepers! He who has given us His trust to carry out His faith in His Name, save us! For we have served You all these years! Protect us!” I heard my voice join the rest and soar to the sky.
“For You are nothing without us!”
I choked. That was not how the prayer went. Yet everyone continued chanting. And the fire grew stronger. Its warmth turned fearsome. The air grew thick, heavy with smoke.
This is not God.
The hooded figures around me were not my brothers. I reached for my prayer ball, tied to a string round my neck; I grasped it tightly as the smoke filled my lungs. I screamed for God to show me what true warmth is. My prayer ball shattered.
“Albert! The Head Keeper is calling for us.”
Sweat trickled down my face. I could still feel the heat from the flaming church and hear the heretical chanting. But I was alive, in my quarters at the Keeper’s Grounds, and it was still dark. I nodded to my fellow keeper and thanked him, before grasping at the string around my neck. It was still there: my prayer ball, my tie to God, unbroken.
As I shuffled to the basin on the table across the bed, I felt the anger and confusion seep out of me. But I could not help but doubt myself—had I erred in some way for Him to have me visited by such a nightmare? Had I failed at the simple task that had been assigned to me? Unlike the other Keepers, whose day started with prayer at the Keeper’s Grounds before descending to the village at the bottom of the hill, I worked in the kitchen and kept the morale up.
But lately, this has been difficult to do. The villagers have been less generous with the daily rations from their farms. And a few years ago, a group of disbelievers set on fire one of the remotest areas beneath the hill. It was put out quickly, and no one was harmed. But not long after, word spread of empty fields, houses, and churches spontaneously bursting into flames. Halfway through the year, seven villages had already burned to the ground. The Keepers who returned from the villages were thoughtful and quiet, or angry and silent. A warm meal did not change their mood. They laughed less during mealtimes, and sometimes, not at all. Some Keepers even failed to return to Keepers’ Grounds. We no longer spoke of them. It was as if we had given them up for dead. That we were roused from our slumber in the middle of the night could only mean one thing: another disaster.
The water in the basin was cold. I splashed it on my face, put on my saffron-stained robe over the brown hair shirt, then made my way to convene with the other Keepers. We all walked to the small amphitheater behind the church and took our seats in the usual order, careful to avoid causing any form of chaos— there was enough of it recently. At the center of the amphitheater was a pulpit for the Head Keeper. He waited for all of us to take our seats before he made his announcement.
“I am sorry brothers for disturbing you at night. But God does not rest and neither do his adversaries. Tonight, a messenger was sent to Keeper’s Hollow to inform us that Greenfield burned yesterday evening. As Greenfield is only a couple of hours away from the Keeper’s Grounds, we must take extra precautions. Let us take turns doing the rounds tonight until the sun rises, watch for anyone that seeks to light a fire. There will be no rest for us tonight.” He dismissed us with a wave of his hand.
In the past, the Keepers would whisper, or profess their discontent outright at such a directive, but this time, the atmosphere remained solemn. They quietly left the amphitheater. Only the Head Keeper and I remained. I touched the prayer ball that hung from the string around my neck before making my way to the pulpit.
“Albert! My good boy!” He patted me on the head. “How have you been?”
“That’s the thing Head Keeper. I have not been well. I have been bothered by my dreams lately.”
“Dreams? Is heresy involved?”
I paused, trying to recall the exact words of the bastardized prayer. But before I could respond, the Head Keeper laughed.
“I jest! You would be the last Keeper that people will suspect to be a heretic.” He winked.
“You jest, but my question is heavy on the heart.”
“Dark times are upon us. What does the Light of Keeper’s Hollow wish to ask?”
“What does it mean for one to dream of God?”
“How long has this been going on?” he asked, his playful tone, gone.
“It’s been a few weeks, Head Keeper.”
“Why tell me only now?”
“The dreams were sparse and short at first, memories of the time before I became a Keeper. You know these stories, Head Keeper: how I looked up at the face of the farmer whose crops I’d stolen, and saw God Himself shining down on me; how He granted me this gift”—I touched the prayer ball hanging from my chest—“but the dream that woke me up this morning was not a memory, but a nightmare.”
I told him of the church burning and my prayer ball shattering. I repeated the words of the blasphemous prayer. Hearing the words come out of my mouth startled me. I gripped my prayer ball instinctively.
“Head Keeper,” I said, willing myself to say the unthinkable: “How could I have dreamed these words and say them to you now—I who have seen Him, heard His voice, felt the warmth of His hand? Have I lost my faith?”
“No, Albert.” He glanced briefly at the dark bead on my chest and smiled. “It’s the complete opposite of what you think. He has sent you a vision of what is to come—which means He has utmost faith in you. And so do I. In my many years as a Head Keeper, I have never seen a Keeper more devout to God as you. I would say your faith surpasses mine. I am sure you will do a good job as Head Keeper one day.”
“You flatter me, Head Keeper. I work in the kitchens. I see the villagers only to discuss our food supply. I’ve never done what the other Keepers do. I don’t talk to people or offer services to them. I can’t even cast a simple prayer from a prayer envelope.”
“Albert. You seem to forget that Keepers are not bound by hierarchy. This hierarchy is an illusion. What matters is faith. An orphan who believes in God is more powerful than a Keeper that pretends to do the same.” I contemplated his words.
“Now, I see you still have your prayer ball.” He pointed at it. “It’s been years since I last held mine.”
“What happened to it, Head Keeper?”
“I lost mine on a pilgrimage to God’s palace.”
“I don’t understand, Head Keeper. What would be so dire that you would use your prayer ball, your only connection to God?”
“You really are innocent Albert. The world is large and frightening. In that moment I needed to see God face to face. I wanted to know He heard me when I said I wanted to live. Tell me, how many of your fellow Keepers still have their prayer balls?”
To my astonishment, I could think of none.
“You are the only one left in these grounds that holds one, Albert. I see that you hold on to it because it reminds you of the moment you were in the comfort of His presence. You are right to treat it as a treasure, a tremendous gift. But God’s prayer balls are to be used, not hoarded. Do you not remember what He said when it was given to you?”
The Head Keeper nodded. “It is His gift to us, to allow us to call Him, so He may be present to us once again, the way He was present the first time. Remember what He said: You will know when to use it.”
It was my turn to nod. The Head Keeper made sense.
“Besides, will losing the prayer ball reduce your great faith, dear Light of the Keep?” He asked affectionately.
“No, Head Keeper.” I hung my head in shame, for while it may be true that my faith was intact, I lacked the Head Keeper’s wisdom.
“Can I ask you a favor, Albert?”
“Anything, Head Keeper.”
He took out a prayer envelope.
“Go downhill and into Keeper’s Hollow. Cast this prayer of plenty over there. We cannot continue our battle against the heretics without food. Without morale.”
“But Head Keeper!” I protested. I had never done such a task before.
“Remember what I told you? Hierarchy does not matter. Faith does. And what I have learned in this last hour is that at the Keeper’s Grounds, your faith is the greatest. Will you turn your back on God during these troubled times?”
He didn’t have to say more. He waved me off, and I ran into the night.
Atop the Keeper’s Grounds, you could see little specks of flame moving around the forest covering the hillside. One of those specks could be a heretic, but I stilled my heart by telling myself those were the torches of my brothers who were making their rounds. To descend to the village, I needed to pass through the western gate of the Keeper’s Grounds. I waved my own torch at the guard so that he would let me out.
“Take care, Keeper Albert, the forest is dangerous especially during the wee hours. Make sure to follow the arrows,” he said. He seemed less surprised than I thought he would be. After all, it was my first time out of the Keeper’s Grounds before daybreak. I waved goodbye and followed the road to the forest entrance. It looked menacing at night, as though it harbored a hidden beast that would devour anyone who dared to enter. It became necessary to talk to myself: There are no beasts inside the forest, Albert, only people.
Guided by the etchings made by the villagers on the trees, I made my way deeper into the forest. They were hard to miss, as most were big arrows pointing to a beaten path that disappeared into the darkness. But after the seventh arrow, I came to a crossroads. I looked for further etchings, or any other sign of human activity, but found none. I decided to take the left fork in the road.
I felt an eerie wind blow past, as if eyes watched me and that the forest itself moved. At the end of the path lay a clearing. It was strange enough that I had not met any of my brother Keepers as I made my way through the woods—but the empty clearing made me wonder if the forest had always been as empty. To the right side of the clearing was a large wooden structure. Its roof was decrepit and its windows broken. This used to be one of the Keeper’s old outposts long before the Keeper’s Grounds was established. There was a stone pulpit in the center of the clearing, covered in moss, cracked in certain places but still serviceable. I felt for the prayer envelope underneath the inner lining of my robe. It was still there.
From the corner of my eye, something moved quickly in the shadows. I heard the cabin door creak, followed by a thud. I climbed onto the porch. It was covered in leaves, the floorboards creaked under my weight. I gave the door a push. It was heavy, but not locked and I pushed it open. I placed my torch on the sconce fixed to the wall.
At first glance, the cabin seemed abandoned, which was expected. It had been years since the Keepers had relocated to the top of the hill. But near the fireplace was a bundle of freshly cut firewood, which lay right beside an old cellar door, cut into the floor. I opened it and went down the winding staircase made of stone slabs. I descended further and heard the sound of running water. I realized then that the door opened into something far more expansive than a cellar. I was in an underground cave. At the bottom of the stairway, I heard human voices speaking in hushed tones. I followed the sound of water and voices until I reached a causeway built along the bank of an underground river. A man with a torch stood on the causeway, watching a small boat filled with people make its way down the river.
The torch light allowed one of the passengers see me lurking in the shadows. She gasped and pointed to me; the man with the torch turned around.
“Keeper Magnus?”
The man nodded slightly. I was not mistaken. Even though he was no longer dressed in Keeper’s Robes, he still wore the horsehair shirt. I was relieved–no, overjoyed. I rushed forward with my arms wide open. I hugged him tightly. “Why are you here? You disappeared a year ago. We thought you were dead!”
He said nothing but patted my back and the sides of my torso, as if checking for a weapon. I could not help but notice that the people on the boat had turned away from us, as though they did not want me to recognize who they were.
“Who are they, Brother Magnus? Are they…heretics?”
He extended one of his arms to prevent me from taking a closer look, and then quietly led me up the stone stairway, out of the trap door and back into the clearing.
The sight of the podium reminded me of my task. I drew the prayer envelope from my robe and approached it.
“Albert,” he suddenly asked, “What do you know about the heretics?”
“Must you ask, Brother Magnus? Heretics deny the truth that He walks among us even as we speak.”
He shook his head.
I recalled the blasphemous chanting of the hooded brothers in my dream. “They are those who have forgotten him, the warmth of His touch, His healing presence.” I look down my chest and at my prayer ball. “They are those who have lost their connection to Him and are now sour and bitter. They are the ones who sow doubt among those who still believe.”
Keeper Magnus shook his head once more.
I remembered these words of the Head Keeper: “An orphan who believes in God is more powerful than a Keeper that pretends to do the same.” Suddenly, I grew suspicious of my brother and his reticence.
“Keeper Magnus,” I whispered coldly, “Are you here to burn Keeper’s Hollow?”
“No, Albert. You saw me do what I came to do: set the villagers free.”
“Free from whom?”
“From the Keepers of the Hollow, who live on their labor. Did you not see how afraid they were of you and your saffron robe? They fear you pray that they will all burn. Please, Albert. Let them go. All that Keepers do is take from the villagers.”
It took a while before I realized that he had referred to the people headed downriver.
“Beyond the Great River, we will start over, far from the Keepers, your prayer envelopes,” he nodded at the dark stone on my chest, “and your prayer ball.”
“But they are His gift to us,” I reasoned, remembering my conversation with the Head Keeper. “And the Keepers–how can you say this, Magnus?–we do not enslave anyone; it is we who are slaves to His will. We are His hands and His feet, His eyes and ears. We are merely His instruments.”
“Isn’t it the other way around? Don’t the Keepers command Him to do their bidding? Crush a prayer ball, He appears. Open a prayer envelope, a sick villager is cured; a household is gifted with a pig; a tree grows in an empty clearing. He may be powerful, but He is nothing without us, nothing if we don’t need him.”
My head spun.
“And the Keepers have used the prayers to make Him do their bidding. Tell me, how many Keepers still have their prayer balls? How many had used them for the villagers, for those who have never seen nor touched God? If only we used our prayers to right all wrongs, to provide for each family’s daily needs, they would have no need to go hungry, or be so desperate to leave Keeper’s Hollow—”
“Isn’t it enough that you accuse the Keepers of enslaving the villagers? We do not enslave Him, Brother Magnus. We are nothing without Him.”
“Then why can’t He do anything on His own? Why does He need you to cast the prayer envelope the Head Keeper has asked you to carry? Have you forgotten the first thing He told all of us who have seen Him and heard His voice and witnessed Him walking on earth? Remember to keep the faith. Why must He ask this of us? Think, Albert.”
“What happened to you, Magnus? Who has fed you these lies?”
He looked at me and scoffed. “You really can’t see it, can you? I realize now why they kept you in the kitchen all these years. Light of the Keep, indeed!”
Something inside me burned. I turned my back against him and headed straight for the podium. Without hesitation, I opened the prayer envelope. Without faith, I placed it on the altar. With spite, I raised my eyes and looked at Keeper Magnus. Before I could even utter one word, the envelope combusted. Then Magnus burst into flames. Something ignited in the cabin, and then in the forest that surrounded it.
I felt the strength of my anger drain away before fear set in. Magnus had no intention of burning Keeper’s Hollow. And now, he burned. And with him, the entire forest.
“Keepers! Douse the fire! We have found Albert!” a voice shouted.
Dozens of torch-bearing Keepers rushed into the smoky clearing as if they were waiting for this moment the whole time. I felt myself pulled away from the clearing, then heard their voices chant for rain. I felt the first fat drops fall as I ran blindly into the dark.
I stopped to wipe the wet soot from my eyes.
“Well done, Albert,” the Head Keeper said.
So it was he who was leading me away from the clearing. I wanted to ask him so many questions. Did he know all this time that Keeper Magnus was hiding in the old outpost? Was it really I who had set Keeper Magnus on fire? How could I have done that without uttering a single word of the prayer? But the Head Keeper wasn’t even looking at me.
“I see that you didn’t even need the prayer ball to accomplish your mission.” He nodded at the stone hanging from the string around my neck. “A prayer envelope was enough.”
Had I truly been sent to the forest to say prayers for God’s bounty?
“Indeed,” he said approvingly, “your faith is astonishing.” But his kindly face now seemed hard and greedy. “Come. Let us return to the Keeper’s Grounds. We must discuss how to put your treasure to good use.”
We had not gone very far when two Keepers ran after us to inform him of the cave beneath the cabin floor. The Head Keeper decided to turn back and investigate. I walked uphill to the Keeper’s Grounds by myself. I was still shaking when I reached the guard post. The guard was nowhere to be found. I was truly alone.
As soon as I entered the gate, I took off the string around my neck and detached the prayer ball. You will know when to use it. If I waited for the Head Keeper to return, it would be too late.
I prayed for Him to come, and for the first time in my life, what I said was not the same as what I wished in my heart. I hoped He would not do as I had asked in prayer. I wished He would not come. For if he did, then Magnus was right. Magnus, who turned to ash, right before my eyes.
My prayer ball gleamed, then shattered.
I was overcome by His warmth, the memory of it–and then its presence. I fell to my knees, not to pray, but to weep.
“I am here,” He said, in the farmer’s voice, from long ago.
“I am who answers your prayers.”
“I did not pray for Keeper Magnus to die,” I said, but as soon as I did, the warmth turned into an uncomfortable heat. I tasted smoke and bitterness at the back of my throat.
“What is the prayer you hold in your heart?”
Still thinking of Magnus, I said: “I pray that you will be free of us.”
“But I am who answers to everyone–”
“No more heretics. No more Keepers.”
“I will take you with me to my palace. There you shall live in comfort, without being used by anyone. You shall live the rest of your days in my warmth. Isn’t that what you truly want, Albert?”
A wave of contentment rushed towards me and for a moment, I almost agreed.
“But I cannot let this war end. For I am who feeds on human need. Who will desire me when you have exhausted all your days? You, Albert, you want so little. The Keepers, they call me day and night. I can only be yours if they remain wanting.”
This was no God.
“Then, Creature,” I said,“I pray to be free of you.”
The warmth dissipated.
But the fire that raged inside me did not. I knew where to go.
Quickly, before the others returned, I scrambled to the empty church on the Keeper’s Grounds. I took the torch by the altar and set it on fire.
Soon, the air grew thick and heavy with smoke. From the burning pews, I watched the sun rise on the ashes of Keeper’s Hollow.
About the author: Jose Guerra Sison is a BA Creative Writing student from the University of the Philippines Diliman. His interests include writing fiction and poetry. His work is mainly inspired by fantasy and more recently critical theory. He aspires to be a writer grounded in real experiences while pursuing the imaginary. When he is not writing, he likes to spend time with his dog.
Posted on December 8, 2022 by kyu
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'In the winter he skated and Nadya thought him rather too showy with his style of strutting like a chicken'
Robert Service on Lenin's exile in Siberia
Helicopter vanishes without trace on 280 kilometre flight across mountainous Tyva Republic
By The Siberian Times reporter
Intense search reveals no sign of Mil Mi-8 lost early Saturday with 12 people on board.
Search teams included 363 people, Mi-8 helicopters, An-26 and An-2 planes. Picture: Tyva Online
A massive search in one of Siberia's remotest regions has yielded a complete blank as emergency workers seek to understand what has happened to the helicopter. Radio contact was lost when it was en route between Sorug and the republican capital Kyzyl.
A state of emergency was imposed on Saturday after it vanished 220 km east of Kyzyl. An early report that a mobile phone of one of the men on board was ringing AFTER the crash has not led to the location being established.
The head of the press service of the Siberian Regional Emergency Centre, Alexey Khlapov, said: 'There is a signal of a cell phone belonging to a man on board. No-one picks up. We have appealed to the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Khakassia and Tyva asking to get a fix on the signal to locate it'.
An emergency beacon on the helicopter evidently gave no signal.
Adar-ool Norbu (middle) is one of Siberia's most experienced pilots. Picture: Tyva Online
The helicopter was piloted by Adar-ool Norbu, one of Siberia's most experienced pilots, himself a hero of a rescue mission last year after six young sportsmen were buried in an avalanche in the republic. Specialists on the helicopter had been making snow measurements close to the Sayano-Shushenskaya hydropower plant, it was reported.
Search teams included 363 people and 52 so-called 'units of machinery' including ten aircrafts - Mi-8 helicopters, An-26 and An-2 planes.
The republic's head, Sholban Kara-ool, instructed Vice-Premier Damba Huuraku to ensure interaction of all authorities with the rescue groups.
'Our guys are among the most experienced pilots and I pray that all is well with them,' said the government chairman.
There are seven passengers, three crew members and two technicians on board.
The helicopter belongs to Tuva Airlines and was leased for private purpose. The rescue has been hampered by poor weather and high winds. But the conditions when the helicopter was lost were not exceptional. Tyva has borders with the Altai Republic, the Republic of Khakassia, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Irkutsk Oblast, the Republic of Buryatia in Russia, and with Mongolia.
people missing Siberia
aircraft emergencies
Sad story...I'll say a "Prayer" or two for them.
jojnjo, Dublin.
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1. Introduction ▸
Discovery of the cell
Origin of the cell
Origin of eukaryotes
Endosymbiosis
2. Extracellular matrix ▸
Structural proteins
3. Cell membrane ▸
Permeability, fluidity
Asymmetry, repairing
Cell junctions
4. Nucleus ▸
Nuclear envelope
Nuclear pores
Nucleolus
5. Vesicular traffic ▸
From reticulum to Golgi
Golgi complex
Exocytosis
Endocytosis
Endosomes
Lysosomes
In plant cells
Vacuoles
6. Non vesicular▸
Peroxisomes
Plastids
Chloroplasts
Lipid droplets
7. Cytosol ▸
Actin filaments
Intermediate filaments
8. Cell cycle▸
G1 phase
S phase
M phase. Mitosis.
More information ▸
A Leeuwenhoek
Discovering cell division
Cell size
More than adhesion
Membrane models
Plasmodesmata
Condensins y cohesins
Transcytosis
Extracellular vesicles
Centriole / basal body
Cilia and flagella
Cell cycle regulation
Centrosome cycle
Adipocyte, unilocular
Astrocyte
Cardiomyocyte
Endothelial cell
Enterocyte
Eosinophil
Hepatocyte
Podocyte
Keratinocyte
Spermatogonia
Striated myocyte
Epithelium
Connective proper
Adipose
Cartilague
Meristems
Parenchyma
Collenchyma
Sclerenchyma
Phloem
External secretion
Internal secretion
2. Nervous system
2.1. Central▸
Mesencephalon
Diencephalon
Subpallium
2.2. Peripheral
3. Senses
4. Integument
5. Cardiovascular
6. Lymphatic
7. Reproductive
7.1. Female
7.2. Male
8. Digestive
8.1. Liver, pancreas
9. Excretory
10. Respiratory
Primary growth
Secondary growth
Histological processing
2. Fixation ▸
Fixation methods
Fixatives
3. Embedding ▸
4. Sections ▸
Paraffin microtome
Vibratome
Cryotome
Ultramicrotome
5. Staining▸
General staining
Histochemistry
Lectins
In situ hybridization
6. Visualisation ▸
Animal ▸
Salivary gland
Salivary gland (detail)
Esophagus-stomach
Plant ▸
Primary root, onion
Primary root, buttercup
Primary root, corn
Primary root, iris
Primary stem, monocot
Primary stem, dicot
Primary stem, dicot, mallow
Primary stem, dicot, buttercup
Primary stem, dicot, anise
Secondary stem, dicot, elderberry
Secondary stem, gymnosperm, pine
Leaf, oak
Leaf, camellia
Leaf, pine
Home / The cell / Vesicular trafficking / Endoplasmic reticulum
CONTENTS. THE CELL.
Cell diversity
Discovery of cells
Origen of eukaryotes
2. Extracellular matrix
3. Cell membrane
4. Nucleus
Nuclear pore
5. Vesicular trafficking
6. Non vesicular
7. Cytosol
8. Cell cycle
The cell. 5. Vesicular trafficking.
This page contents
1. Rough
- Protein synthesis
2. Smooth
- Lipids
- Detoxification
- Glucose 6-P
Endoplasmic reticulum is a complex membrane-bound compartment arranged in tubules and flattened cisterns interconnected and sharing the same lumen (inner space) and membrane. Endoplasmic reticulum membrane is also continuous with the outer membrane of the nuclear envelope. Tubules and cisterns are distributed trough the cytoplasm from the nuclear envelope to close to the plasma membrane, so that they can account for half of the total cellular membranes. Endoplasmic reticulum membrane is thinner (around 5 nm in thickness) than other organelle membranes because they have lipids with shorter fatty acid chains.
Endoplasmic reticulum membranes are organized in domains or regions that carry out different functions. At transmission electron microscopy, it is easy to distinguish two domains: rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (Figure 1). Rough endoplasmic reticulum membranes are arranged forming cisterns and more or less straight tubules, both having many ribosomes associated to their cysotolic membrane surface (that is why the name rough). Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is organized in irregular and convoluted tubules, with no associated ribosomes. The outer membrane of the nuclear envelope may regarded as part of the rough endoplasmic domain because it is physically continuous with the membranes of the rough endoplasmic tubules and it has many associated ribosomes doing translation.
Figure 1. Endoplasmic reticulum can be found all over the cytoplasm, from the nuclear envelope to the plasma membrane. Rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum membranes are continuous. Rough endoplasmic reticulum is organized in cisterns and tubules that show associated ribosomes, whereas smooth endoplasmic reticulum is arranged in tubules with no ribosomes attached. The outer nucelar envelope membrane is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum membranes
Rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum do not usually share the same cytosolic space. This non overlapping distribution is observed in hepatocytes, neurons and cells synthesizing steroid hormone. However, in some cytosolic regions there is not clear segregation between both domains, and tubules with associated ribosomes are intermingled with naked tubules. The spatial distribution of the endoplasmic reticulum through the cytosol is set by the cytoskeleton, mostly microtubules in animal cells, whereas actin filaments are the major responsible for the endoplasmic reticulum distribution in plant cells.
1. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Rough endoplasmic reticulum is organized in more or less straight tubules and flattened cisternae. Sometimes, cisternae are tidily piled. The name "rough" comes from the electron microscopy images where ribosomes, black particles, are observed coating the endoplasmic reticulum membrane (Figure 2). The density of associated ribosomes influences the rough endoplasmic reticulum membranes organization, so that a high density causes a cistern-like morphology, whereas lower density is found in tubules. Cisternae and tubules coexist in the same cell, but those cells with an intense secretory activity show dense piles of cisternae, which means a highly developed rough endoplasmic reticulum.
Fiigure 2. Transmission electron microscopy image. Rough endoplasmic reticulum cisternae are observed, which extend from the nuclear envelope to the proximity of the plasma membrane. Ribosomes are observed as black dots associated to endoplasmic reticulum membranes. Note ribosomes associated to the outer membrane of the nuclear envelope as well.
Protein synthesis is the main function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. These proteins end up at different places, such as the extracellular space, plasma membrane, or at membranes and lumen of several organelles involved in the vesicular trafficking, such as Golgi apparatus, endosomes, and lysosomes. Many proteins will be part of the plasma membrane, and of other membranes, as transmembrane proteins. Furthermore, rough endoplasmic reticulum needs to synthesized proteins for itself, which are known as resident or constituent proteins. Keep in mind that each protein should "know" its correct destination in the cell. This can be accomplished by a signal peptide (short sequence of amino acids) or specific modifications of the protein, which work as postal addresses. For example, endoplasmic reticulum resident proteins contain a four amino acid sequence close to the end carboxyl group.
Almost any protein targeted for secretion or being part of a compartment of the vesicular traffic begins to be synthesized in cytosolic free ribosomes, but the synthesis ends in the endoplasmic reticulum, leaving the protein either free in the lumen or as part of the reticulum membrane. The process of protein synthesis starts when an mRNA, which carries information for a protein of the vesicular trafficking, joins to a small ribosomal subunit, and then to a large ribosomal subunit, to begin the translation (Figure 3). The first translated segment of the mRNA is a sequence of amino acids known as signal peptide, which is about 70 amino acids long. This sequence is recognized by a cytosolic molecule referred as SRP (sequence recognition particle). SRP is a mix of 1 RNA and 6 polypeptides that joins to the signal peptide and slows down the translation process. The mRNA-ribosome-SRP-signal-peptide complex diffuses through the cytosol until it hits a rough endoplasmic reticulum membrane. In these membranes, there are SRP-receptors which recognize the SRP. The whole complex becomes attached to the membrane and then interacts with a translocon, a large transmembrane protein with a channel. Then, SRP and SRP-receptor are released and mRNA-ribosome-signal-peptide attached to the translocon can resume translation, but the nascent polypeptide grows now inside the translocon channel. The signal peptide gets fixed to the channel walls, while the rest of the protein is falling into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum cistern. The signal peptide is removed by a peptidase, and once completely translated, the new protein is released and remains free in the lumen, and quickly is folded to get a proper spatial conformation helped by chaperones, another type of proteins. When translation is finished, the ribosome-mRNA is disengaged from the translocon, and the three are free in the cytosol for another round.
Figure 3. Synthesis of soluble proteins that are released into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum.
Transmembrane proteins contain sequences of hydrophobic amino acids. When these sequences are being translated and going through the translocon channel, they can cross the wall of the translocon and be among the fatty acid chains of membrane lipids. The process is rather complex and diverse depending on the protein. For example, some receptors are transmembrane proteins with a chain of amino acids that can cross seven times the cell membrane, by means of alternating hydrophobic and hydrophilic amino acid sequences. There are other proteins spanning just one monolayer of the membrane, and they have to be either in the cytosolic monolayer or in the monolayer facing the lumen. Although it is no common in animal cells, rough endoplasmic reticulum may import some proteins completely synthesized in the cytosol by a process known as posttranslational translocation, which is mediated by chaperones.
Proteins in the rough endoplasmic reticulum are modified while they are being synthesized. a) Asparagine amino acids are glycosysilated (N-glycosylation) with a molecular complex composed of 15 monosaccharides. This molecular complex is first assembled into a molecule of dolichol phosphate, a membrane lipid, and then is transferred to an asparagine of the nascent protein. In the Golgi apparatus, some terminal monosaccharides of this complex will be lost and another saccharides will be added. b) Some proteins, mostly those targeted to the extracellular matrix, are hydroxylated. In this way, proline and lysine amino acids of the collagen molecules end up being hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine amino acids. c) Some proteins of the plasma membrane are chemically bonded to some membrane lipids. This chemical bond is also established in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. d) Disulfide bonds between polypetide chains are also formed in endoplasmic reticulum.
A quality control of synthesized proteins occurs in the rough endoplasmic reticulum, so that those defective proteins are removed from the reticulum and degraded in the cytosol. Proteins known as chaperones, which are needed for a proper folding of newly synthesized proteins, also play an essential role in detecting defective proteins and labelling them for degradation. Other proteins bearing lectin domains are able to detect and recognize wrong arrangements of carbohydrates. Wrong folding of nascent proteins, which may lead to cell damages, is more frequent than one may imagine.
2. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is a network of interconnected tubules, which are continuous with the rough endoplasmic reticulum. There are no ribosomes associated to its membrane, therefore it is named smooth, and the majority of proteins in this compartment comes from the rough endoplasmic reticulum domain. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is abundant in those cells involved in lipid metabolism or detoxification, and is also an organelle for calcium storage.
Salient functions of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum are:
Lipid synthesis
Most membrane lipids are assembled in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, including glycerophospholipids and cholesterol. The components of the glycerophospholipids come from other parts of the cytoplasm and assembled in the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum. Fatty acids are inserted in the cytosolic monolayer of the organelle membrane. Glycerophospholipid heads are then linked to these fatty acids. Most part of the sphingolipid synthesis, however, happens in the Golgi apparatus, but ceramide, the basic component of sphingolipids, is assembled in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Once glycerophospholipids and ceramide are complete assembled, they are initially located in the cytosolic monolayer of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Since flip-flop movement is nearly forbidden for lipids by the hydrophobic environment of fatty acid chains, lipids need help to be transferred to the other monolayer (that facing the lumen). There are specialized proteins that can move lipids from one monolayer to the other: flippases, floppases and scramblases.
Figure 4. Suggested ways for transferring lipids between cellular membranes: vesicular trafficking, carriers and membrane contacts.
Transferring lipids between membranes is done by vesicles, molecular carriers and at membrane physical contac sites (Figure 4). Vesicles, through vesicular trafficking, transport in their membranes lipids synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum to other organelles. Mitochondria, chloroplasts and peroxisomes are not part of the vesicular traffic, so some membrane lipids are synthesized locally, but many others are imported from the endoplasmic reticulum by molecular carriers. For example, glycerophospholipids are transported by a cytosolic protein known as glycerophospholipid interchanger. It can take a lipid from the membrane of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and leaves it in the membrane of other organelle. Furthermore, many electron microscopy images show physical contacts between membranes of different organelles, for example between endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria or peroxisomes. These contacts may facilitate interchange of lipids between different membranes. Chloroplasts can synthesize their own glycerophospholipids and glycolipids. However, endoplasmic reticulum membranes and chloroplast membranes are also observed very close to each other in electron microscopy images.
Cholesterol is mostly synthesized in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. It is an important molecule for membranes, particularly for the plasma membrane. Cholesterol is transported by vesicles and molecular carriers from the endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane (Figure 4). In yeasts, that have ergosterol in their membranes instead of cholesterol, the main mechanism to move ergosterol from the endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane is a diverse set of transporters. This transport does not need ATP.
Triacylglycerols are synthesized in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. These lipids are stored in the reticulum itself or as lipid droplets. The synthesis of triacylglycerols is intense in adipocytes, the fat storing cells of animals. The overproduction of lipids is stored in cytoplasmic lipid droplets. This fat-storing organelle works as an energy source for the body when needed, and in some species for thermal insulation as well. Triacylglycerols are also part of the lipoproteins, and requiered for the production of steroid hormones and bile acids.
Hepatocytes, the liver cells, show a highly developed smooth endoplasmic reticulum. In the smooth endoplasmic reticulum membranes, the P450 protein family is in charge of removing potentially toxic metabolites, as well as liposoluble toxins incorporated during the digestion. The shape of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum tubules, and the lack of ribosomes, allows a large surface of membrane related to the organelle volume. In addition, it is able to increase the length of the tubules to make room to all these enzymes, which in turn it depends on how many toxic substances the animal body contain.
Dephosphorylation of 6-phosphate glucose
Glucose is usually stored as glycogen, mainly in the liver. Two hormones regulate the glucose release from the liver to the blood: insulin and glucagon. Catabolism of glycogen produces 6-phosphate glucose, which cannot cross the cell membrane, and hence cannot leave the cell. Glucose 6-phosphatase, which is anchored to the endoplasmic reticulum, removes the phosphate residue allowing glucose to be moved out of the cell.
Calcium storage
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum also works as a storage compartment for cytosolic calcium. Calcium is transported into the lumen by calcium pumps located in the organelle membrane. Calcium concentration in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum is in millimolar (mM), whereas in the cytosol is in nanomolar (nM). Stored calcium is released by extracellular and intracellular signals acting via second messengers, resulting in a cellular response, for example exocytosis. A remarkable example is the endoplasmic reticulum of the muscle cells (known as sarcoplasmic reticulum) that captures and releases calcium to produce a cycle of muscle cell contraction and relaxation.
English AR, Zurek N, Voeltz GK. Peripheral ER structure and function. Current opinion in cell biology. 2009. 21:506-602.
Daleke DL. Phospholipid Flippases. The journal of biological chemistry. 2007. 282:821-825.
Vesicular trafficking
Dep. of Functional Biology and Health Sciences.
Faculty of Biology.
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Home » Harnessing Stereotypes – Woolf and Steinbeck (7/8)
Harnessing Stereotypes – Woolf and Steinbeck (7/8)
Submitted by Andrew Debella on Sun, 10/23/2022 - 22:31
The inclusion of Steinbeck’s “The Harness” alongside Woolf’s “Women Must Weep- Or Unite Against War” feels conflicting. Where Woolf’s essay withholds few punches against male-dominance culture, “The Harness” responds with an overtly literal symbol in the inverse: the protagonist (Peter) is forced to wear a “web harness that pull[s] his shoulders back” (Steinbeck 744), a contraption that his wife Emma forces him to wear as to appear to be stately and masculine. This literal imprisonment is cast off when Emma, the stereotypical sickly, frail wife, dies from one of her many illnesses. Peter swears to never wear it again, professing his newfound freedom in anger-fueled chords reminiscent of a man starving: “I’m hungry for everything, for a lot of everything” (Steinbeck 745). While both pieces briefly touch on a woman’s domestic influence, “The Harness” slides the heavier weight to a woman’s control over men. For Peter, Emma’s death meant freedom in a myriad of senses. He no longer wears the harness, he’s free to drink and trudge in mud, and he can finally gamble on his sweet pea crop.
Having read Steinbeck’s “The Chrysanthemums,” which is also set in Salinas Valley, it wouldn’t be fair to say that Steinbeck generally portrays gender this way. In the aforementioned text, the naive protagonist is painted sympathetically when a strange man discards the flowers she holds in such high esteem, leaving them abandoned on the side of the road. In this piece, Steinbeck shows the plight of a woman’s desire to bring about peace, to encourage others to plant seeds that might grow into something beautiful, but it’s left in a heap by the men who purely seek transaction. Her innocence likewise thrown away. “The Harness” does little to generate sympathy for Emma, though, aside from being perpetually sick. Perhaps Steinbeck sought to portray complicated relationships, instead. For Emma may tightly lock down her partner, but Peter’s new opportunities after her death end in sadness, the character reflecting that he ought to install lights in his house because “Emma always wanted electric lights” (Steinbeck 749). Peter wants to make his wife happy just once more. He misses her because he truly loved her, despite feelings of confinement.
A more metaphorical reading might posit that there was never a harness whatsoever. Emma’s requests don’t seem especially ridiculous, outside of wearing the harness, of course. She wanted him to stand up straight, be respectful in public, limit his use of alcohol, keep the floors clean, and operate judiciously with his crops–their sole income. Perhaps psychologically, Peter felt as though he wore a harness, since his impulses scraped against her desires. In this lens, Peter casts off the harness as one might cast off a ring, never to put it on again but always to know that some part of their person will always belong to someone else.
If Woolf and Steinbeck seem to clash here, it’s because they do. But they also converge on many points. They both stress the importance of influence in the domestic relationship. They both seek to dismantle unfair control. And they both attempt to deconstruct enforced gender roles.
The psychological differences
The psychological differences between men and women are on full display here. In literature I've noticed women comparing marriage to slavery and having loss over their body. For men, it's being 'tied down', a 'noose', or 'the old ball and chain', all of which are imprisionment metaphors. If women fear loss of selves, men seem to fear entrapment and 'freedom of self' being taken away. But the way society dictated the relationships between men and women it was only natural. Women were not allowed to have well paying jobs, putting the sole focus on men and their employment. This put more pressure on men and many may have felt like women were a 'mostly useless burden' they had to support, which could lead to resentment and contempt that women could not stand on their own two feet. This also took away the self-esteem of women who could only find meaning in marriage and child rearing. Having a healthy and stable marriage was certainly more difficult when societal norms caused an imbalence between two partners that would respect each other more as equals. Certainly there was more than one reason for unhappy marriage, but societal roots of the time needed their fair share of blame.
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A Vampire’s Salvation Excerpt
Reporters jostled for position behind the security barricades, firing questions and shooting pictures in a frenzy of lights, sounds, and motion. For a moment, the sea of bodies parted, giving Ronald Lassiter, who stood in a building across the street, an unimpeded view of the cool redhead with the distinctive name—Francesca Marie Stewart. With her fitted Armani suit, stiletto heels, and Chanel sunglasses, most people would guess she was an actress or the governor’s mistress before they’d guess she was—at heart anyway—a tree-hugging environmentalist who just happened to have the Midas touch.
Oh yes, Ms. Stewart was amazingly good—and thus made an amazingly good living—at raising funds for whatever green cause she deemed worthy. In this case, her cause was the California governor’s reelection campaign.
He had no doubt she’d work her fingers to the bone making sure she raised enough money to ensure victory.
It was just one of the things that he loved about her. Despite what had happened to her face, she was beautiful enough to have found twenty men to support her, but she’d clawed her way up the ladder with sheer determination rather than sex appeal. She worked hard. Had always worked hard. Harder than a woman with her background should have to.
Ron smiled, and since he was alone, he didn’t even bother trying to hide his fangs. His throat felt parched, his lips chapped, and even though he’d drunk human blood less than twenty-four hours ago, his stomach ached with the need for more. His hunger was insatiable of late, and he knew he should be concentrating on that—on stocking up on humans to feed from before the chaos started—but he was hoping there was another way.
This way.
His shirt and tie rubbed against his neck, making him feel suddenly claustrophobic. He loosened them, then immediately breathed a sigh of relief before settling his sights on Frankie again.
He knew everything about Francesca Stewart. How much money she had in her bank account. What kind of birth control she used. Where she jogged. Where she shopped for her groceries.
Even what kind of perfume she liked—cruelty free, of course.
His surveillance told him she was proud and ambitious. Smart. A survivor.
So did the scar on her face.
Ron focused his gaze on the thin white line that ran from the inner corner of her right eye, down her cheek, and toward her ear. Aside from a light layer of makeup, she did nothing to hide the scar. In fact, she almost always wore her hair pulled back, a gesture of defiance rather than a fashion statement.
He knew exactly how she’d gotten that scar, and admiration filled him once again. She’d suffered tremendously, but this woman had depth. She had substance.
And she owed all her success—her very life—to him.
Now it was time for her to return the favor.
Previous Post Mr. Rich Excerpt Next Post Mit dem falschen Bruder im Bett Auszug
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A centre that aims to reflect a part of NZ's Maori culture
The building grows from the land creating a 'womb-like' space that nurtures the young lives within
I have blogged previously about Auckland architect Phil Smith's design for a Living and Learning Centre in Mangare, Auckland which was internationally recognised by DesignShare.
One of Phil Smith's latest early childhood centre designs is however much more radical, and was selected by the World Architecture News Awards in the Education long list and unbuilt projects category.
The design encompasses what Smith says is often overlooked - the cultural context.
He says: "kids at this age are sponges and will absorb anything, yet we give them dull lifeless buildings."
The design is currently under construction in Kawakawa, Northland New Zealand for a Maori tribe - Ngati Hine. I can't wait to see pictures of the finished building!
The brief for the design was to create not only a building for the new mokopuna (generation), but to teach the children about their culture and customs - a large part of this is to respect and thus have minimal impact on the land.
The concept arose from the idea that all life is born from the womb of Papatūānuku (earth mother), under the sea; the word for land in Maori also means placenta. The design is conceived by shaping the land into a womb-like form, with the building forming just like a baby within; the building literally grows out of the land.
The only opening to the building is along the north facade, and reads as a cut in the earth. This cut symbolically represents the caesarian birth through which all of the tribe take their lineage; their ancestor Hine ā Maru was the first recorded Maori woman to deliver a child by caesarian section and survive the procedure about 600 years ago. It is from this opening that the children symbolically enter the ‘world of light’, where they play. A circular moat isolates the ‘womb-like form’ as an island, relating back to the tradition that all land is born from under the sea. A bridge is formed to give access to the island, which is symbolically shaped into the tribal waka (canoe) Ngātokimatawhaorua, representing the journey of the tribe's forefathers from Hawaiki to Aotearoa (NZ).
The earth that mounds up over the building makes reference to Ngāti Hine-pukerau (Ngāti Hine of a hundred hills). The interior, below the earth, represents the nearby Waiomio caves where the ancestors lay buried and the Ruapekapeka pā (fortification) where the ancestor Kawiti cleverly used underground shelters as defence from attack. The circular form and ditch of the design also draws inspiration from traditional pā.
It was equally important to integrate passive environmental design features into the building, so all ‘symbolic’ features have many environmental purposes: all glazing is oriented to the north for maximum solar gain, whilst the super-insulated earth roof results in minimal heat loss, which is further assisted by the unheated circulation space placed to the south. For further internal comfort, exposed concrete construction and natural ventilation allows the building to be passively cooled in summer, with minimal heating back-up in winter provided by a solar hot water underfloor system. All spaces are naturally daylit and will need no additional electrical lighting during the daytime. All blackwater is treated on site and the clean nutrient rich water is used to irrigate the green roof.
Via World Architecture News and Phil Smith (UK) Architects.
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Parish Newsletter 27th of September 2015
27th SEPTEMBER : TWENTY SIXTH SUNDAY IN ORDINARY TIME:
Sat. 7.30pm: John T. & Elizabeth O’ Connor, Kiskeam.
Sun 10.00am: Humphrey & Jerry Collins, Glenamuckla.
Sun 11.30am: Ann McAuliffe, Mountkeeffe
Sat. 7.30pm: Margaret O’ Donoghue, Charleville Road.
Sun 10.00am: Sheila Cronin, Glenamuckla.
Sun 11.30am: Special Intention.
Thursday – Liturgy of the Word.
PRIMARY SCHOOLS MASS: Will be held on Wednesday 30th September at 10am. All welcome
LAST WEEKEND’S COLLECTION: OFFERTORY:€1,813.00. SHRINES: €141.00. DIOCESAN FUND : €000.00. Education of Seminarians: €636.00. Sincere thanks for your generosity.
FIRST FRIDAY: Next Friday 2nd October is First Friday. Both morning masses, Taur at 9am and Newmarket at 10am will be offered as November masses for the dead. The sick of the parish will be visited on Tuesday, Wednesday and Friday next week.
CHURCH CHOIRS : Parish Choir practice takes place on Monday nights at 7.30pm and the Youth Choirs first practice will be held on Thursday 1st October at 7pm in St. Mary’s Church. All welcome.
ST. VINCENT DE PAUL: Will hold their church gate collection before masses next weekend 3rd & 4th of October.
AUTUMN STATION MASSES: COUNTRY STATIONS: Friday 2nd October @ 7.30pm: Coolagh, The Commons, Meenatarriffe, Gortnaglough and Toureencormack at the home of Patrick & Mary Murphy. Monday 5th October @ 7.30pm: Glenlara and Relahan at the home of Tony & Joan O’Keeffe. Friday 16th October @ 8pm: Killowen, Priory and Barleyhill Lower at the home of Ollie & Deirdre Clifford. TOWN STATIONS: In St. Mary’s at 10am. Monday, 5th October : Main Street, Kerry Road, Island Road, Castlecourt, Orchard & Demense Avenue , New Street & West End. Tuesday, 6th October: High Street, Scarteen Street, Scarteen Road, Cill Ard, Guiney’s Terrace, Barry’s, Murphy’s & Verling Places, Clanaulie Close & Charleville Road. Wed. 7th October : Church Street, Emmet Place, Pound Hill, Priory Park & Lower Road.
GIRLS’ SCHOOL 90th ANNIVERSARY: Newmarket Girls School will hold a 90th Anniversary celebration on Friday 9th October with mass at 7.30pm in St. Mary’s Church followed by a gathering in the Hiland. Tickets on sale in all local shops. Please support.
PINK RIBBON DAY: Will be held on Friday 2nd October throughout the town. By joining our ‘Paint it Pink’ campaign you are helping in the fight against Breast Cancer.
CORK N.W. BRANCH OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS: Will host a social evening on Sunday 11th October at 1.30pm in Meelin Community Centre to celebrate their 30th Anniversary. Please join us on the day.
SCRAP METAL COLLECTION: Will be held on Friday 2nd October from 6pm to 7.30pm and on Saturday 3rd from 10am to 5pm. All unwanted scrap metal welcome including Farm machinery, Old Steel ,Copper, Aluminium , Lead , Stainless Steel, Car & Tractor Batteries, Motors, etc. Farm & Household scrap also welcome. ( No fridges, freezers ,TVs ,Timber, Plastic or Tyres ) Contact Dan O’ Riordan on 087-2547802 or any GAA committee member.
NEWMARKET DRAMA GROUP: Will hold a meeting at Hourigans, High Street on Tuesday 29th September at 8pm. Old and new members welcome.
SHORT BUT SWEET: A father was telling a neighbour how he stopped his son from being late to school. “I bought him a car,” he said. “How did that stop him from being late?” the neighbour asked. “Why, he’s got to get there early to find a parking place!”
SOME THOUGHTS FOR THE WEEK: “Every man’s life ends the same way. It is only the details of how he lived and how he died that distinguish one man from another.” Ernest Hemingway
“I don’t know how much longer I’ll be around. I’ll probably be writing when the Lord says, “Maya, Maya Angelou, it’s time.” Maya Angelou
“Lighthouses don’t go running all over an island looking for a boat to save; they just stand there shining.” Anne Lamott
“It is not the mountain we conquer but ourselves.” Sir Edmund Hillary
“It seems to me that the years between eighteen and twenty-eight are the hardest, psychologically. It’s then you realise this is make or break, you no longer have the excuse of youth, and it is time to become an adult – but you are not ready.” Helen Mirren
“I think of life as a good book. The further you get into it, the more it begins to make sense.’ Harold Kushner
ONE SENTENCE SERMON: There’s always a little truth behind every “Just kidding”, a little knowledge behind every “I don’t know”, a little emotion behind every “I don’t care”, and a little pain behind every “It’s okay”.
WEBSITE OF THE WEEK: www.adivineencounter.com. Building a real-life faith through relationship with God.
« Parish Newsletter 20th of September 2015
Parish Newsletter 4th of October 2015 »
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Competition Actually
An independent peer-reviewed blog on new trends in EU Competition Law and global antitrust
Obligations for digital platforms below dominance are no longer virtual reality
The Bundeskartellamt (case B6-55/20) has looked into Meta combining data from different services without the free consent required by Regulation 2016/679 (the General Data Protection Regulation, GDPR) and Meta has buried the axe in the wake of Regulation 2022/1925 (the Digital Markets Act, DMA) and its national replicants (like pioneering and bespoke Section 19a of the German competition act). This represents a further step in the long-drawn Facebook saga, which has even led to a preliminary request in case C-252/21 Meta v Bundeskartellamt and a specific provision in DMA, Article 5(2).
In case C-252/21, the Court of Justice was interrogated about the possibility for competition authorities to interpret GDPR provisions and the Advocate General opined that they are indeed competent to examine as an incidental question compliance of practice investigated under competition rules with GDPR provisions so long as coordination with data protection authorities in ensured (coordination seems to be the panacea to solve ne bis in idem issues in the latest EU case law – e.g., C-117/20 bpost). The Advocate General also interpreted himself the relevant provisions of the GDPR to conclude that the lawfulness of the processing consisting of the collection of personal data from other group services and third-party websites and apps and their linking with the user’s Facebook account with a view to their use requires either free, specific, informed and unambiguous consent or another lawful basis under Article 6 of the GDPR and that such consent is not necessarily invalid just because the social network provider is dominant (which is to be proven as a matter of causality link under classic abuse case law, which is my view the weakness of the Facebook saga – decision of the Bundeskartellamt in case B6-22/16 and interim order of the Higher Regional Court of Düsseldorf in case VI-Kart 1/19 (V)).
The proceedings in case B6-55/20 started in 2020, when the Oculus Quest 2 headset was launched and Meta’s initial plan was to make its setting up conditional on users’ having a Facebook account, as a classic tying abuse case based on Article 102 of the Treaty of the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) and the German counterpart (Section 19 of the German competition act). Then, in 2021, Section 19a was introduced in the German competition act tailgating the discussions on the DMA to impose obligations on companies of “paramount significance for competition across markets” (a surrogate for DMA’s “gatekeepers”), among them “linking the use of an offer provided by the undertaking to the automatic use of another offer provided by the undertaking which is not necessary for the use of the former offer, without giving the user of the offer sufficient choice as to whether and how the other offer is to be used” (Section 19(2)(3)(a)) and “making the use of services conditional on the user agreeing to the processing of data from other services of the undertaking or a third-party provider without giving the user sufficient choice as to whether, how and for what purpose such data are processed” (Section 19(2)(4)(a)). The Bundeskartellamt rushed to add these as a grounds to the charges in case B6-55/20, and, later, in May 2022, conveniently designated Meta as a company of “paramount significance for competition across markets” (case B6-27/21).
All the ingredients were there to make an example out of Meta about how its practices can now be criticised under Section 19a without need to discharge the traditional proof requirements facing competition authorities: dominance and, more importantly (since, as I said, this is the true obstacle to be hurdle in the Meta case), the causal link between the “paramount” position and the restrictive result of the leveraging conduct on the market (raising of ecosystem barriers) which needs to be proven between dominance and effects in abuse cases (e.g., C‑457/10 P AstraZeneca, para. 199). Therefore, Meta had little choice but to give new and existing users the option to set up and use a standalone Meta account for using the Quest headsets, which is by the way subject to a stringent standard (smacking of ordo-liberal obsession with choice): selection menus must give users a true choice rather than push them towards additional offers and alternatives must not be more difficult to find or click. Then, the Bundeskartellamt recognised that “the question of when sufficient choice can be deemed to exist also with regard to the flow of data remains open” so Meta committed to abstain, “for the time being”, from allowing for data flow between the virtual reality services and other services without the users’ consent, with the exception of purposes Meta considers as lawful bases (security, Family Analytics, Operational Service Loggings and legal matters), which will be closely monitored.
This case is particularly interesting, in my view, because it shows how DMA-like obligations are tailor-made to tackle competition theories of harm specific to concrete flesh-and-blood cases. These obvious instances of legislators’ pulling competition authorities’ chestnuts out the fire reveal how regulatory short-sightedness fails to factor in well-developed economic theory on contestability and unfairness on digital platforms and risks giving rise not only to type-1 errors (over-enforcement) but also to type-2 errors (under-enforcement) to the detriment of ecosystem integrity, friction-less customer journey or prevalence of efficient competitors. The same goes for the DMA which should rather leave non-obvious cases for competition law which is a more flexible tool witnessing an increasingly fact-based application in the post-Intel renascence of the more economic approach. A further moral of this tale is the risk to uniformity posed by national DMA derivatives which challenge the re-centralisation move underlying competition-based regulation. This will certainly cause rifts because it is doubtful that case-law attempts at striking constitutional balances between exclusively competent regulatory bodies’ powers and national competition enforcement (e.g., C-721/20 DB Station) are transferable to the Regulation 1/2003-like coordination mechanism in Articles 37 to 39 of the DMA.
Author: PabloSD
EU, competition and regulation lawyer with experience in law firms (Uría Menéndez, Slaughter and May) and the CJEU. LLM in EU Law and Economic Analysis from the College of Europe (Bruges), master's degree in European Studies from the University of Seville, bachelor’s degree in law and business from the University of Seville. Currently, antitrust counsel at technology multinational company and lecturer at Universidad Carlos III, Instituto Superior de Derecho y Economía, Universidad de Navarra and Instituto de Empresa. Board member at the Spanish Association for the Protection of Competition (AEDC) and editor at Wolters Kluwer World Competition and EU Law Live. All views, thoughts, and opinions expressed in this blog belong solely to the author, and not to the author's employer or any organisation or institution to which the author is associated. View all posts by PabloSD
Author PabloSDPosted on November 26, 2022 November 28, 2022 Categories Article 102
Previous Previous post: What else can we dispense with after indispensability became dispensable? The Spanish competition authority gives a shot at the Slovak Telekom tongue twister
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What else can we dispense with after indispensability became dispensable? The Spanish competition authority gives a shot at the Slovak Telekom tongue twister
Chips ahoy! Did the more economic unification finally board the per se flagship in Intel III?
General Court in Google Search (Shopping). Chronicle of a renunciation foretold
Digital platforms and blockchain – is the same abuse of dominance bottle good for so different wines?
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LTE~ A Package of Rancor for Coos County Commissioner John Sweet
No More Sweet Deals
In the past two years, I have monitored and observed the current situation in the County Commissioners Office and have grown increasingly concerned about the decisions and direction the commission has taken under the leadership of John Sweet. I supported the election of John in the last cycle and was impressed with his positions at that time. He presents himself as busisness savvy local who wants to represent the “working citizens,” but his actions are not in line with his rhetoric. The paragraphs below will show clearly the hypocrisy of his stated positions in relationship to his actions. Look at what he does not what he says.
“I have stopped the rancor at public meetings” Rancor, as the Commissioner puts it, is just the citizens of our county exercising their free speech rights under the first amendment of the constitution. It is arrogance for an elected official to believe they can stop rancor. In fact, Commissioner Sweet just moved the public opinion section at county meetings to the first item and then does not allow further debate on issues as they arise on the agenda. Commissioner Sweet did not allow verbal public comment at the public meeting he co-chaired with officials from the USF&W, and again at the first meeting of the vector control committee, he did not allow public comment. His blatant lack of respect for the law, citizens, and public interest is appalling in a public servant.
“I saved the county seven million dollars by stopping the natural gas pipeline going to Bandon and south” To stop the building of a much needed infrastructure project is shortsightedness considering the massive expansion in the energy market at this time. The United States is the largest natural gas producer in the world and will be for the next fifty to sixty years. The current cost of natural gas is about .85 cents a unit compared to a rate of $4.50 a unit for the delivery of propane. Homes and businesses benefit greatly from reduced fuel costs and its availability promotes market driven economic development. Commissioner Sweet promotes exporting this amazing windfall of natural gas to foreign countries, yet cruelly denies his fellow citizens from reaping the same benefits of this energy source.
“Commissioner Sweet solved the mosquito problem in Bandon.” What an outright piece of propaganda parroted by the mayor of Bandon, Mary Schamehorn. John Sweet and the mayor are longtime friends. Motivated by their allegiance to the USFWS, both Sweet and the Mayor have manipulated the process to obscure the real solution beyond any ability to fix the disaster that is the Bandon Marsh. Only John Sweet could snatch defeat from the jaws of victory. He failed to appoint a vector committee in a timely manner and waited until after The Service had completed their Environmental Assessment, leaving no time or room for citizen involvement. Sweet opposed the mosquito-monitoring plan designed by Ms. Nikki Zogg, former Director of the Coos County Health Department. He refused to appoint the citizens selected by the health director, as they were not his choices. Ms. Zogg felt forced to resign when she realized Commissioner Sweet was not supporting her decisions. As a veteran, and well-educated professional, Ms. Zogg was a valued asset that deserved better from the commissioner, which left the county with the loss of a great manager and leader.
“This is simply preliminary to getting Bureau of Indian Affair’s funding to help maintain county roads used by the Coquille Tribe along with general public” The people of Coos County have stated repeatedly that they want no deals or contracts with the Tribe. Their leaders did not keep their word with the city of North Bend over the motel tax, or with the state in regards to building and operating one casino and the best indicator of future performance is always past performance. John is too cozy with tribal leaders. He serves on a tribal Board that receives funding from The Bureau of Indian Affairs, which is a sister agency of the USF&W. The BIA’s budget comes directly from the American taxpayer, so in reality, we pay for the roads and at a much higher cost, ultimately our economic security.
In the above paragraphs, I have shown four very bad decisions by Commissioner Sweet and there are others, which demonstrate a pattern of enriching his cronies, while pacifying constituents. Ignoring the needs of citizens, refusing to address problems, and disallowing open dialogue are not the redeeming qualities of character for a county leader. I strongly believe that we have elected a man who is not up to the job and does not act in the best interest of the citizens, but resides in the pockets of special interest.
Donald W. Chance
Commissioner Candidate Refuses to Disclose Answers to a Questionnaire
Commissioners Campaign Contributors are Champions of Corporate Welfare
Officials Obscuring Facts on the Bandon Marsh Mosquito Infestation
Yes to LNG, No to the CEP
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MGX---Controversial Alliance for Progress Co-Founder Donates to Sweet Campaign
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MGX---County Assessor has Real Disconnect on Community Enhancement Plan
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BOC---Cowardly, Commissioners Cribbins & Sweet Betray the Voters of Coos County
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Control Alt Delete
Control Alt Delete (2010) dir. Cameron Labine
Starring: Tyler Labine, Sonja Bennett, Geoff Gustafson, Keith Dallas, Alisen Down
**1/2
Cameron Labine’s directorial debut, opening this weekend in limited release in Vancouver is another entry in the long line of Canadian sex comedies. Everyone has a fetish, and Labine decides to give his lead character, Lewis, one of the sickest and most headturning - sex and desktop computers. Wait, let me clarify sex with desktop computers. It’s a wild ridiculous concept, something which could only be gotten away with in Canada or Scandinavia. Unfortunately, despite the concept the film has difficulties sustaining its humour beyond its festish raunchiness.
The running theme of “Control Alt Delete” is fetish and how our insecurities about them can cause us to do some pretty outrageous and silly things to cover them up. This is what happens to Lewis Henderson (Tyler Labine), our portly computer programmer hero. It’s December 1999 and Lewis works in a company devoted to fixing the “Y2K” bug for its clients. He’s successful at his job, but his domestic life is in shambles. Lewis can’t perform sexually with his girlfriend Sarah (“Ready or Not’s” Laura Bertram, whom see in a 69 position as the first shot in the film – awesome!). Lewis retreats to sneaky porn-watching in the middle of the night to jerk off. But not even that can get him off.
The only thing that turns him on is his computer. So why not fuck it? Lewis literally drills a hole in the side of his PC and fucks his computer. It’s one of the most ridiculously absurd moments in film I’ve seen. Lewis takes his fetish to work and starts drilling holes and screwing other computers in the office late at night. Meanwhile, Lewis starts up a relationship with the office wallflower Angela (Alisen Down) who proves to be more liberal in bed than her conservative demeanour would suggest. Lewis’ career becomes threatened though when the office douchebag who’s investigating the serial computer-fucker gets close to exposing Lewis. Lewis is forced to confront and accept his own responsibility and his own fetish in order to right everything that’s wrong.
Labine’s film appears to be born from the singular concept of a man fucking a computer. Unfortunately slapped onto this gag is a note for note recycling of Mike Judge’s “Office Space” which casts a shadow over the entire film. “Office Space” shouldn’t make other office comedies out of bounds, but there’s very little that differentiates the two films. In addition to bottling Judge's absurd/satirical tone, each character seems like an overly familiar fusion of Judge's characters, with some slight tweeks to the extreme. Angela, the office manager (Alisen Down), operates in the same manner as the excruciating Lumbergh. Down adds a nervous behavioral twitch, which, in it’s extremity becomes annoying very quickly. Lapine even has a running gag with the character’s names. Everyone’s last name ends in ‘son’- Frederickson, Gustafson, Medelsson – perhaps borrowing from the identity confusion gag in “American Psycho”.
The fetish gag is hung on a traditional romantic comedy structure. Thankfully lead actor Tyler Labine, known for his work on “Reaper”, is an oddly lovable hero (also check him out in 'Tucker and Dale Vs. Evil' this summer). Despite his reprehensible behaviour, including the computer-fucking, the screen loves the man and we desperately want him to get the girl and defeat his douchebag rival. His leading lady Sonja Bennett (last seen in “Young People Fucking”) gives Jane a more aloof personality, but she is also highly watchable and girl-next-door alluring.
“Control Alt Delete” is not this year’s “Young People Fucking”, but it’s good see there’s still more enthusiastic sex comedy filmmakers emerging in Canadian cinema. Enjoy.
'Control Alt Delete' opens theatrically this weekend in Vancouver only via E1 Entertainment.
Labels: 'Alan Bacchus Reviews , ** 1/2 , 2010 Films , Canadian , Comedy , Romantic Comedy
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