chunk_15.csv

audio,transcription,file_name
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0087.wav,In this way some of the radiant and kinetic energy of the sun comes to be stored up as potential energy in the starch.,LJ026-0087.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0088.wav,"In short, the green plant is able by cooperation with sunlight to use simple raw materials (carbon dioxide, water, oxygen, etc.)",LJ026-0088.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0089.wav,"poor in energy or devoid of it, and out of them to manufacture food -- i.e. complex compounds rich in available potential energy.",LJ026-0089.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0090.wav,This power is possessed by green plants alone; all other organisms being dependent for energy upon the potential energy of ready-made food.,LJ026-0090.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0091.wav,"This must, in the first instance, be provided for them by green plants, and hence without chlorophyll-bearing plants,",LJ026-0091.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0092.wav,animals (and colorless plants as well) apparently could not long exist.,LJ026-0092.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0093.wav,"The plant absorbs also a small amount of kinetic energy, independently of the sunlight, in the form of heat.",LJ026-0093.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0094.wav,"This, however, is probably not a source of vital energy, but only contributes to the maintenance of the body temperature.",LJ026-0094.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0095.wav,Food (starch) thus produced in the green leaves of higher plants and the inorganic foods,LJ026-0095.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0096.wav,"water, nitrites or nitrates and various mineral substances in solution in water",LJ026-0096.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0097.wav,furnish the materials and energy required for the life and growth of the plant.,LJ026-0097.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0098.wav,The circulatory system distributes these foods. In animals foods prepared for absorption in the stomach and intestine (by digestion),LJ026-0098.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0099.wav,are absorbed by the circulating liquids (blood and lymph) and transported to all cells of the animal body.,LJ026-0099.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0100.wav,In the plant the inorganic matter in water from the soil are absorbed by the roots and carried up definite tubes in the woody part of the stem.,LJ026-0100.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0101.wav,"The causes of this ascent are not clear,",LJ026-0101.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0102.wav,"but root pressure due to osmosis, capillary action and evaporation from the leaves are factors.",LJ026-0102.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0103.wav,"Just as the solid food of animals must be digested in preparation for absorption,",LJ026-0103.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0104.wav,so starch manufactured in the leaves must be digested (dissolved) before it can be transported.,LJ026-0104.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0105.wav,"This is done by diastase, an enzyme of plant cells.",LJ026-0105.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0106.wav,The change is from starch to a sugar capable of diffusion.,LJ026-0106.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0107.wav,"Dissolved in water, the sugar is transported down delicate tubes, chiefly in the growing bark region of the stem.",LJ026-0107.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0108.wav,"It is clear that there are upward and downward currents of water containing food (comparable to blood of an animal),",LJ026-0108.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0109.wav,but no system of complete circulation as in the blood vessels of a higher animal.,LJ026-0109.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0110.wav,"However, the result in distributed food is the same in the plant and in the animal.",LJ026-0110.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0111.wav,In the cells the foods undergo metabolic changes.,LJ026-0111.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0112.wav,"In an animal the foods in the circulating liquids, blood and lymph, are selected and absorbed by the cells.",LJ026-0112.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0113.wav,Only proteid foods form new protoplasm,LJ026-0113.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0114.wav,"and even of proteids only a limited amount, 75 to one hundred grams a day for a man, is built into new protoplasm.",LJ026-0114.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0115.wav,The excess undergoes oxidation and forms nitrogen excretions.,LJ026-0115.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0116.wav,"The foods containing only the elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen (fats and carbohydrates)",LJ026-0116.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0117.wav,"are directly oxidized to excretions and, lacking nitrogen, cannot serve for making new animal protoplasm.",LJ026-0117.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0118.wav,"Fat and carbohydrate foods, then, never become living matter.",LJ026-0118.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0119.wav,"They may be stored, especially as fat, until needed for oxidation to supply energy.",LJ026-0119.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0120.wav,"The building up of the protoplasm from proteids is anabolism, constructive metabolism.",LJ026-0120.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0121.wav,"The destruction of protoplasm, excess proteids or the fat and carbohydrate foods is catabolism, destructive metabolism.",LJ026-0121.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0122.wav,"Catabolism is probably due to enzyme action, but the final result is chiefly carbon dioxide and water,",LJ026-0122.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0123.wav,"which could be derived by the ordinary chemical evolution of protoplasm, proteid, sugar, starch or fats.",LJ026-0123.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0124.wav,"In the plant, starch, as has been seen, is first formed in the chlorophyll-bodies.",LJ026-0124.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0125.wav,"But the formation of starch, all important as it is, is after all only the manufacture of food",LJ026-0125.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0126.wav,as a preliminary to the real processes of nutrition.,LJ026-0126.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0127.wav,"These processes must take place everywhere in ordinary protoplasm,",LJ026-0127.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0128.wav,for it is here that oxidation occurs and the need for a renewal of matter and energy consequently arises.,LJ026-0128.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0129.wav,"Sooner or later the starch grains are changed into a kind of sugar (glucose), which, unlike starch, dissolves in the sap",LJ026-0129.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0130.wav,and may thus be easily transported to all parts of the plant.,LJ026-0130.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0131.wav,"Wherever there is need for new protoplasm, whether to repair previous waste or to supply materials for growth,",LJ026-0131.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0132.wav,"after absorption into the cells the elements of the starch (or glucose) are, by the living protoplasm, in some unknown way",LJ026-0132.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0133.wav,"combined with nitrogen and sulphur (probably also with salts, water, etc.) to form proteid matter.",LJ026-0133.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0134.wav,The particles of this newly formed compound are incorporated into the protoplasm.,LJ026-0134.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0135.wav,"If a larger quantity of starch is formed in the chlorophyll bodies than is immediately needed by the protoplasm for purposes of repair or growth,",LJ026-0135.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0136.wav,it may be reconverted into starch after journeying as glucose through the plant,LJ026-0136.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0137.wav,"and be laid down as ""reserve starch"" in the cells of root or stem or elsewhere.",LJ026-0137.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0138.wav,"Apparently when this reserve supply is finally needed at any point in the plant, it is again changed to glucose and transported thither.",LJ026-0138.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0139.wav,It is probable that new leaves and new tissues generally are always formed in part from this reserve starch.,LJ026-0139.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0140.wav,In the plant as in the animal metabolism must consist of anabolic and catabolic processes.,LJ026-0140.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0141.wav,The construction in the cells of new proteid from the absorbed carbohydrate and the materials from the soil is true anabolism.,LJ026-0141.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0142.wav,"It is also clear that catabolism or oxidation for the liberation of energy occurs as in animals, but this process is slower.",LJ026-0142.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0143.wav,"Probably foods containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen are the sources of energy in the higher plants as in animals.",LJ026-0143.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0144.wav,In both plants and animals simple waste substances result from the catabolic processes in the cells.,LJ026-0144.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0145.wav,"In the animal carbon dioxide, water and nitrogen compounds are the chief excretions.",LJ026-0145.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0146.wav,"They are absorbed by the circulating liquids and carried to the eliminating organs, lungs and kidneys chiefly, for elimination.",LJ026-0146.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0147.wav,"In the higher plants the excretions are carbon dioxide, which escapes through the epidermis of root, stem and leaf and through the stomata;",LJ026-0147.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0148.wav,"water which is lost by evaporation, especially from the leaf surface through the stomata;",LJ026-0148.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0149.wav,excretions which are lost by osmosis through the roots and the accumulated but useless mineral substances which are eliminated by leaf fall.,LJ026-0149.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0150.wav,In both animals and plants oxygen is essential to the catabolic part of metabolism.,LJ026-0150.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0151.wav,Hence oxygen must be supplied to the cells.,LJ026-0151.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0152.wav,Oxygenation is the term used to denote the oxygen-supplying part of respiration;,LJ026-0152.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0153.wav,"the other part of respiration, elimination of carbon dioxide, has been treated under excretions.",LJ026-0153.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0154.wav,"In the animal oxygen is absorbed by the blood, in excess by the hemoglobin of the red cells of the blood",LJ026-0154.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0155.wav,and later is absorbed from the blood and lymph by all the living cells.,LJ026-0155.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0156.wav,In the plant also oxygen is absorbed through the epidermis and stomata from the air.,LJ026-0156.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0157.wav,"This process is, however, obscured during the day because of the oxygen freed in the manufacture of starch which goes on at that time.",LJ026-0157.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0158.wav,"Probably this freed oxygen is used for the purpose of oxygenation, but more is freed in the photosynthetic process than is needed for oxygenation",LJ026-0158.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0159.wav,and hence the excess oxygen is eliminated while starch manufacture is in process.,LJ026-0159.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0160.wav,In comparing a higher animal and a green plant confusion must be avoided regarding the part played by oxygen and carbon dioxide in true respiration,LJ026-0160.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0161.wav,with the part played by the same substances in starch formation (photosynthesis).,LJ026-0161.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0162.wav,In non-green plants like the Indian pipe and mushrooms the breathing of oxygen and the excretion of carbon dioxide are as in the animal.,LJ026-0162.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0163.wav,This is true also of green plants in darkness and even in the light of all parts of green plants except the chlorophyll-bodies.,LJ026-0163.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0164.wav,"These constitute a sort of extra mechanism, enabling green plants to make their own carbohydrate food.",LJ026-0164.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0165.wav,Imagine a higher animal with an attachment for turning the carbon dioxide and water excreted,LJ026-0165.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0166.wav,back to starch usable as food and the comparison of the green plant and the animal would be complete.,LJ026-0166.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0001.wav,"The Science: History of the Universe, Volume 5. Edited by Francis Rolt-Wheeler.",LJ027-0001.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0002.wav,"Biology. Chapter 10. Morphology and Embryology, Part One.",LJ027-0002.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0003.wav,The facts of biology which admit of adequate explanation only in connection with the theory of descent,LJ027-0003.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0004.wav,"are grouped by Romanes and other writers on organic evolution under the heads of morphology, embryology, classification,",LJ027-0004.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0005.wav,"paleontology, distribution and domestication.",LJ027-0005.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0006.wav,In all these lines the facts are drawn together by a strong thread of unity.,LJ027-0006.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0007.wav,There are numberless similarities and correlations and surprising uniformities.,LJ027-0007.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0008.wav,"The great variety of life as exhibited in the countless species of plants and animals has been referred to, and yet, great as this variety is,",LJ027-0008.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0009.wav,"there are, after all, only a few types of structure among all animals and plants, some three or four or eight or ten general modes of development,",LJ027-0009.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0010.wav,and all the rest are modifications from these few types.,LJ027-0010.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0011.wav,"It is, moreover, true that all living forms are but series of modifications and extensions of one single plan of structure.",LJ027-0011.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0012.wav,All have the same ultimate substance,LJ027-0012.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0013.wav,"the mysterious semi-fluid network of protoplasm, which is, so far as is known, the physical basis of all life;",LJ027-0013.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0014.wav,and the equally mysterious nuclear substance or chromatin,LJ027-0014.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0015.wav,which in some fashion presides over all the movements of the protoplasm and is the physical basis of the phenomena of heredity.,LJ027-0015.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0016.wav,"The same laws of heredity, variability and of response to outside stimulus hold in all parts of the organic world.",LJ027-0016.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0017.wav,All organisms have the same need of reproduction.,LJ027-0017.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0018.wav,"All are forced to make concession after concession to their surroundings, and in these concessions all progress in life consists.",LJ027-0018.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0019.wav,"And at last each organism or each alliance of organisms must come to the greatest concession of all, which is called death.",LJ027-0019.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0020.wav,"The unity in life, then, is not less a fact than is life's great diversity.",LJ027-0020.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0021.wav,"Whatever emphasis is laid upon the diversity of life, the essential unity of all organisms must not be forgotten.",LJ027-0021.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0022.wav,An examination of the facts in each of the lines of evidence makes it clear,LJ027-0022.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0023.wav,that the only reasonable explanation for the existence of a fundamental unity in organic life,LJ027-0023.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0024.wav,"is the theory of descent -- i.e., that similarities are due to blood relationship and that differences come from adaptive modifications.",LJ027-0024.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0025.wav,"The facts adduced from morphology, being the result of researches into the structure of adult animals and plants,",LJ027-0025.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0026.wav,"lead to a preview of certain principles of adaptation, necessary for their interpretation.",LJ027-0026.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0027.wav,"First, it must be noted that some structures are not non-adaptive, that is, do not change to fit changed habits or conditions of life.",LJ027-0027.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0028.wav,Such structures or organs are most often found internally.,LJ027-0028.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0029.wav,For illustration: a change in the locomotive habit of a bird from that of flying to that of an ostrich,LJ027-0029.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0030.wav,"is associated with an adaptive modification of locomotor structures, legs and wings,",LJ027-0030.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0031.wav,but not in any striking way is there change in the internal organs.,LJ027-0031.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0032.wav,Internal organs may persist unchanged and hence they offer good guides to classification.,LJ027-0032.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0033.wav,"On the other hand, external structures are likely to undergo adaptation when habits or conditions of life change.",LJ027-0033.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0034.wav,"Hence, as Jordan has said, ""the inside of an animal tells the real history of its ancestry; the outside tells us only where its ancestors have been.""",LJ027-0034.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0035.wav,"In the second place, it must be noted that adaptations to similar conditions may result in superficial resemblances.",LJ027-0035.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0036.wav,"For example, there is a superficial resemblance between the wing of an insect and the wing of a bird",LJ027-0036.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0037.wav,both adaptations to an aerial environment;,LJ027-0037.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0038.wav,between the heart of an insect and the heart of a vertebrate animal,LJ027-0038.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0039.wav,both adaptations for pumping blood;,LJ027-0039.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0040.wav,between the fin of a fish and the paddle of a whale,LJ027-0040.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0041.wav,"both adaptive swimming organs, yet the resemblance in these cases does not go deeper than the surface -- it is one of function only.",LJ027-0041.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0042.wav,"All such cases of resemblance in function but not in detailed plan of structure are called ""analogies,""",LJ027-0042.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0043.wav,and mean nothing more than similarity of environment.,LJ027-0043.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0044.wav,"Turning to more fundamental resemblances, such as the wing of a bat and the wing of a bird,",LJ027-0044.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0045.wav,"careful study shows detailed internal as well as external similarities of structure. Such cases are ""homologies"".",LJ027-0045.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0046.wav,"On the one hand, then, are found structures which are perfectly analogous and yet in no way homologous:",LJ027-0046.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0047.wav,totally different structures are modified to perform the same functions.,LJ027-0047.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0048.wav,On the other hand are found structures which are perfectly homologous and yet in no way analogous:,LJ027-0048.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0049.wav,"the structural elements remain, but are profoundly modified to perform totally different functions.",LJ027-0049.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0050.wav,Homology thus means identity of structure which is the result of identity of parentage. It is the stamp of heredity.,LJ027-0050.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0051.wav,It means blood relationship.,LJ027-0051.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0052.wav,These principles of homology are essential to a correct interpretation of the facts of morphology.,LJ027-0052.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0053.wav,The most striking fact of similar structure among plants and among animals is the existence of a common general plan in any group.,LJ027-0053.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0054.wav,"Since backboned animals are best known to most readers, they may be taken as an illustration.",LJ027-0054.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0055.wav,"All vertebrate animals, and none other, says Le Conte, ""have an internal jointed skeleton worked by muscles on the outside.",LJ027-0055.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0056.wav,The relation of skeleton and muscle in arthropods is exactly the reverse.,LJ027-0056.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0057.wav,"In all vertebrates, and in none other, the axis of this skeleton is a jointed backbone (vertebral column)",LJ027-0057.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0058.wav,enclosing and protecting the nervous centers (cerebrospinal axis).,LJ027-0058.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0059.wav,"These, therefore, may well be called backboned animals.",LJ027-0059.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0060.wav,"All vertebrates, and none other, have a number of their anterior vertebral joints enlarged and consolidated into a box to form the skull,",LJ027-0060.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0061.wav,"in order to enclose and protect a similar enlargement of the nervous center,",LJ027-0061.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0062.wav,"viz., the brain; and also usually, but not always, a number of posterior joints,",LJ027-0062.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0063.wav,"enlarged and consolidated to form the pelvis, to serve as a firm support to the hind-limbs.",LJ027-0063.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0064.wav,"All vertebrates, and none other, have two cavities,",LJ027-0064.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0065.wav,"enclosed and protected by the skeleton, viz., the neural cavity above, and the visceral or body cavity below, the vertebral column.",LJ027-0065.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0066.wav,"All vertebrates, with few exceptions, and no other animals, have two and only two pair of limbs.",LJ027-0066.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0067.wav,"The exceptions are of two kinds, viz.: (a) some lowest fishes, amphioxus and lampreys,",LJ027-0067.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0068.wav,which probably represent the vertebrate condition before limbs were acquired;,LJ027-0068.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0069.wav,"and (b) degenerate forms like snakes and some lizards, which have lost their limbs by disuse.",LJ027-0069.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0070.wav,So much concerns the general plan of skeletal structures and is strongly suggestive of -- in fact it is inexplicable without -- common origin.,LJ027-0070.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0071.wav,"But much more remains which is not only suggestive, but demonstrative of such origin.",LJ027-0071.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0072.wav,"By extensive comparison in the taxonomic and ontogenic series, the whole vertebrate structure in all its details in different animals",LJ027-0072.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0073.wav,may be shown to be modifications one of another.,LJ027-0073.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0074.wav,"Sometimes a piece is enlarged, sometimes diminished, or even becomes obsolete; sometimes several pieces are consolidated into one;",LJ027-0074.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0075.wav,"but, in spite of all these obscurations, corresponding parts usually may be made out.",LJ027-0075.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0076.wav,"These remarkable similarities in the common general plan alone are convincing evidences of descent,",LJ027-0076.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0077.wav,but attention may be called to a like similarity extending to the details of structure.,LJ027-0077.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0078.wav,"For example: the wings of a bat (a mammal), a bird and a fossil flying reptile all show the same bones adaptively modified;",LJ027-0078.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0079.wav,"a series of either fore or hind limbs of a mammal with one toe (horse),",LJ027-0079.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0080.wav,"two toes (sheep), four toes (hog) and five toes (dog)",LJ027-0080.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0081.wav,"exhibit a remarkable series of homologies pointing to a five-toed ancestor,",LJ027-0081.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0082.wav,and any other series of organs of vertebrates would give the same evidence of fundamental resemblances (homologies).,LJ027-0082.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0083.wav,"For such a series of facts the reader must be referred to special books like Wiedersheim's ""Comparative Anatomy of the Vertebrates,""",LJ027-0083.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0084.wav,"Romanes's ""Darwin and After Darwin"", and Le Conte's ""Evolution.""",LJ027-0084.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0085.wav,The existence of great similarities in vertebrate structure is not always fully recognized.,LJ027-0085.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0086.wav,"To the superficial observer the bodies of animals of different classes seem to differ fundamentally in plan,",LJ027-0086.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0087.wav,"to be entirely different machines, made each for its own purposes, at once, out of hand.",LJ027-0087.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0088.wav,"Extensive comparison, on the contrary, shows them to be the same, although the essential identity is obscured by adaptive modifications.",LJ027-0088.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0089.wav,"The simplest, in fact the only scientific, explanation of the phenomena of vertebrate structure is the idea of a primal vertebrate,",LJ027-0089.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0090.wav,modified more and more through successive generations by the necessities of different modes of life.,LJ027-0090.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0091.wav,"See, then, the difference between man's mode of working and Nature's.",LJ027-0091.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0092.wav,"A man having made a steam-engine, and desiring to use it for a different purpose from that for which it was first designed and used,",LJ027-0092.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0093.wav,will nearly always be compelled to add new parts not contemplated in the original machine.,LJ027-0093.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0094.wav,"Nature rarely makes new parts -- never, if she can avoid it -- but, on the contrary, adapts an old part to the new function.",LJ027-0094.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0095.wav,"It is as if Nature were not free to use any and every device to accomplish her end, but were conditioned by her own plans of structure;",LJ027-0095.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0096.wav,"as, indeed, she must be according to the derivation theory.",LJ027-0096.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0097.wav,"Thus, in the fin of a fish, the fore-paw of a reptile or a mammal, the wing of a bird, and the arm and hand of a man",LJ027-0097.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0098.wav,"is found the same part, variously modified for many purposes.",LJ027-0098.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0099.wav,Another striking class of the facts of morphology which admit of scientific explanation only along the line of homology,LJ027-0099.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0100.wav,are the thousands of cases of rudimentary or vestigial structures to be found.,LJ027-0100.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0101.wav,"Throughout both the animal and vegetable kingdoms dwarfed and useless representatives of organs are constantly met with,",LJ027-0101.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0102.wav,which in other and allied kinds of animals and plants are of large size and functional utility.,LJ027-0102.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0103.wav,"Thus, for instance, the unborn whale has rudimentary teeth,",LJ027-0103.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0104.wav,"which are never destined to cut the gums; and throughout its life this animal retains, in a similarly rudimentary condition,",LJ027-0104.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0105.wav,a number of organs which never could have been of use to any kind of creature save a terrestrial quadruped.,LJ027-0105.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0106.wav,"Other well-known examples among vertebrates are: Vestiges of hind limbs in certain snakes, reduced wings in the Apteryx and ostriches,",LJ027-0106.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0107.wav,"rudiments of eyes in cave fishes, hind limbs beneath the skin of whales, the vermiform appendix in man,",LJ027-0107.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0108.wav,"as well as useless muscles to move the ears and the skin, and also a very much reduced hairy covering over the surface of the body.",LJ027-0108.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0109.wav,Wiedersheim has recorded more than one hundred and eighty such structural reminiscences in man.,LJ027-0109.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0110.wav,"Now, rudimentary organs of this kind are of such frequent occurrence, that almost every species of organism presents one or more of them",LJ027-0110.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0111.wav,"usually, indeed, a considerable number.",LJ027-0111.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0112.wav,"How, then, are they to be accounted for?",LJ027-0112.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0113.wav,Of course the theory of descent with adaptive modification has a simple answer to supply,LJ027-0113.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0114.wav,"Namely that when from changed conditions of life, an organ which was previously useful becomes useless,",LJ027-0114.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0115.wav,"it will be suffered to dwindle away in successive generations, under the influence of certain natural causes.",LJ027-0115.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0116.wav,"On the other hand, the theory of special creation can only maintain that these rudiments are formed for the sake of adhering to an ideal type.",LJ027-0116.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0117.wav,"Now, here again the former theory appears to be triumphant over the latter, says Romanes,",LJ027-0117.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0118.wav,"for, without waiting to dispute the wisdom of making dwarfed and useless structures merely for the whimsical motive assigned,|for, without waiting to dispute the wisdom of making dwarfed and useless structures merely for the whimsical motive assigned,",LJ027-0118.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0119.wav,"surely if such a method were adopted in so many cases, we should expect that in consistency it would be adopted in all cases.",LJ027-0119.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0120.wav,"This reasonable expectation, however, is far from being realized.",LJ027-0120.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0121.wav,"In numberless cases, such as that of the fore-limbs of serpents, no vestige of a rudiment is present.",LJ027-0121.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0122.wav,But the vacillating policy in the matter of rudiments does not end here; for it is shown in a still more aggravated form,LJ027-0122.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0123.wav,where within the limits of the same natural group of organisms a rudiment is sometimes present and sometimes absent.,LJ027-0123.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0124.wav,"For instance, although in nearly all the numerous species of snakes there are no vestiges of limbs,",LJ027-0124.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0125.wav,"in the Python we find very tiny rudiments of the hindlimbs. Now,",LJ027-0125.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0126.wav,"is it a worthy conception of Deity that,",LJ027-0126.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0127.wav,"while neglecting to maintain his unity of ideal in the case of nearly all the numerous species of snakes, he should have added a tiny rudiment in the case of the Python",LJ027-0127.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0128.wav,"and even in that case should have maintained his ideal very inefficiently, inasmuch as only two limbs, instead of four, are represented?",LJ027-0128.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0129.wav,"Convincing as are the evidences of descent recorded in the structure of plants and animals,",LJ027-0129.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0130.wav,these evidences have been in the past thirty years somewhat overshadowed by the far more surprising evidences,LJ027-0130.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0131.wav,of descent discovered in the development of plant and animal embryos.,LJ027-0131.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0132.wav,A dozen volumes would be necessary,LJ027-0132.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0133.wav,"to present the mass of embryological evidence, but a few salient facts will illustrate the kind of evidence to be deduced from embryology.",LJ027-0133.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0134.wav,"Most remarkable of all the principles which have been discovered by embryologists is the ""Recapitulation Doctrine""",LJ027-0134.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0135.wav,"which, briefly stated, is that individual development (ontogeny) recapitulates ancestral history (phylogeny).",LJ027-0135.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0136.wav,Illustrations quoted from the works of Romanes and Le Conte will make this principle clear.,LJ027-0136.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0137.wav,"It is an observable fact, says Romanes,",LJ027-0137.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0138.wav,"that there is often a close correspondence between developmental changes as revealed by any chronological series of fossils which may happen to have been preserved,",LJ027-0138.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0139.wav,and developmental changes which may be observed during the life history of now existing individuals belonging to the same group of animals.,LJ027-0139.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0141.wav,"is closely reproduced in the life-history of existing deer. Or, in other words,",LJ027-0141.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0142.wav,"the antlers of an existing deer furnish in their development a kind of ""resume,"" or recapitulation, of the successive phases",LJ027-0142.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0143.wav,whereby the primitive horn was gradually superseded by horns presenting a greater and greater number of prongs in successive species of extinct deer.,LJ027-0143.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0144.wav,"Now, it must be obvious",LJ027-0144.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0145.wav,"that such a recapitulation in the life history of an existing animal of developmental changes successively distinctive of sundry allied,",LJ027-0145.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0146.wav,"though now extinct species, speaks strongly in favor of evolution.",LJ027-0146.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0147.wav,"For as it is of the essence of this theory that new forms arise from older forms by way of hereditary descent,",LJ027-0147.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0148.wav,"we should antecedently expect, if the theory is true,",LJ027-0148.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0149.wav,"that the phases of development presented by the individual organism would follow, in their main outlines, those phases of development",LJ027-0149.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0150.wav,through which their long line of ancestors had passed.,LJ027-0150.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0151.wav,"The only alternative view is that as species of deer,",LJ027-0151.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0152.wav,"for instance, were separately created, additional prongs were successively added to their antlers; and yet that,",LJ027-0152.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0153.wav,"in order to be so added to successive species, every individual deer belonging to later species was required to repeat in his own lifetime",LJ027-0153.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0154.wav,the process of successive additions which had previously taken place in a remote series of extinct species.,LJ027-0154.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0155.wav,Now I do not deny that this view is a possible view; but I do deny that it is a probable one.,LJ027-0155.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0156.wav,"According to the evolutionary interpretation of such facts, we can see a very good reason why the life-history of the individual",LJ027-0156.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0157.wav,is thus a condensed resume of the life history of its ancestral species.,LJ027-0157.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0158.wav,But according to the opposite view no reason can be assigned why such should be the case.,LJ027-0158.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0159.wav,"It is well known, likewise comments Le Conte,",LJ027-0159.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0160.wav,"that the embryo or larva of a frog or toad, when first hatched, is a legless, tail-swimming, water-breathing, gill-breathing animal.",LJ027-0160.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0161.wav,"It is essentially a fish, and would be so classed if it remained in this condition.",LJ027-0161.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0162.wav,"The fish retains permanently this form, but the frog passes on.",LJ027-0162.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0163.wav,"Next, it forms first one pair and then another pair of legs; and meanwhile it begins to breathe also by lungs.",LJ027-0163.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0164.wav,"At this stage it breathes equally by lungs and by gills -- i.e., both air and water.",LJ027-0164.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0165.wav,"Now, the lower forms of amphibians, such as siredon, menobranchus, siren, etc.,",LJ027-0165.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0166.wav,"retain permanently this form, and are therefore called ""perennibranchs,"" but the frog still passes on.",LJ027-0166.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0167.wav,"Then the gills gradually dry up, as the lungs develop, and they now breathe wholly by lungs, but still retain the tail.",LJ027-0167.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0168.wav,"Now this is the permanent, mature condition of many amphibians,",LJ027-0168.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0169.wav,"such as the triton, the salamander, etc., which are therefore called ""caducibranchs,"" but the frog still passes on.",LJ027-0169.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0170.wav,"Finally, it loses the tail, or rather its tail is absorbed and its material used in further development, and it becomes a perfect frog,",LJ027-0170.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0171.wav,"the highest order (anoura) of this class. Thus, then, in ontogeny the fish goes no further than the fish stages.",LJ027-0171.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0172.wav,The perennibranch passes through the fish stage to the perennibranch amphibian.,LJ027-0172.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0173.wav,"The caducibranch takes first the fish form, then the perennibranch form, and finally the caducibranch form, but goes no further.",LJ027-0173.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0174.wav,"Last, the anoura takes first the fish-form, then that of the perennibranch, then that of the caducibranch, and finally becomes anoura.",LJ027-0174.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0175.wav,"Now, this is undoubtedly the order of succession of forms in geological times -- i.e., in the phylogenic series.",LJ027-0175.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0176.wav,Fishes first appeared in the Devonian and Upper Silurian in very reptilian or rather amphibian forms.,LJ027-0176.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0177.wav,"Then in the Carboniferous, fishes still continuing, there appeared the lowest -- i.e., most fish-like forms of amphibians.",LJ027-0177.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0178.wav,"These were undoubtedly perennibranchs. In the Permian and Triassic higher forms appeared, which were certainly caducibranch.",LJ027-0178.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0179.wav,"Finally, only in the Tertiary, so far as we yet know, do the highest form (anoura) appear.",LJ027-0179.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ027-0180.wav,The general similarity of the three series is complete.,LJ027-0180.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0001.wav,The Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. By Edgar J. Banks. Chapter 2. The Walls of Babylon.,LJ028-0001.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0002.wav,In the old city of Damascus you climb to the hump of a tall fleet dromedary.,LJ028-0002.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0003.wav,"With guides and guards about you, you ride through the covered bazaars crowded with dark-faced Arabs in strange costumes,",LJ028-0003.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0004.wav,"and along the narrow winding lane which was once called the ""Street Called Straight.""",LJ028-0004.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0005.wav,"Leaving the city by the eastern gate, and passing a small village or two,",LJ028-0005.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0006.wav,"you ascend the hill to the plateau, and before you, as far as the eye can reach, stretches the great Arabian Desert.",LJ028-0006.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0007.wav,"With mingling fear and wonder at the mystery always lying beyond the desert horizon,",LJ028-0007.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0008.wav,you tap gently with your heel upon the shoulder of the dromedary to urge her on.,LJ028-0008.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0009.wav,"At first, paying little heed to you, she hesitates and glances anxiously about the desert as if in search of an enemy.",LJ028-0009.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0010.wav,Now and then she reaches down to graze the thorny argool along the way.,LJ028-0010.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0011.wav,"As the taps upon her shoulder are repeated, she stretches out her long neck, and with long strides makes for the eastern horizon;",LJ028-0011.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0012.wav,she realizes that she is bound on the long journey across the desert. Hour after hour she bears you over the hard monotonous plain.,LJ028-0012.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0013.wav,The Damascus mosques and their minarets sink beneath the western sky.,LJ028-0013.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0014.wav,The desert about you shows no signs of life;,LJ028-0014.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0015.wav,"only a tall column of whirling sand, rearing its head until it is lost in the blue above, moves majestically along.",LJ028-0015.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0016.wav,"In the distance your eyes detect a beautiful lake with shores fringed with trees,",LJ028-0016.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0017.wav,"but soon the phantom lake vanishes, while others, still farther beyond, appear and vanish in rapid succession.",LJ028-0017.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0018.wav,Like a great ball of fire the sun sinks in the west.,LJ028-0018.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0019.wav,The stars come out one by one and shine brighter than elsewhere as if to light you on your way.,LJ028-0019.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0020.wav,"Late at night the weary dromedary kneels, and on the ground, close beside her, you lie down to sleep.",LJ028-0020.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0021.wav,"Again, long before the stars have been scattered by the morning sun, you are on your way.",LJ028-0021.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0022.wav,"Day after day you travel on, scorched by the heat of noon-day, shivering in the chill winds of the night.",LJ028-0022.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0023.wav,"Two weeks pass, and at last you stand on the eastern edge of the plateau",LJ028-0023.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0024.wav,gazing down upon the great Euphrates winding along the valley beneath.,LJ028-0024.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0025.wav,"You have crossed the Arabian Desert, the first stage of the long journey to the walls of Babylon.",LJ028-0025.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0026.wav,Here in the valley the water is sweet and the food abundant.,LJ028-0026.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0027.wav,"For ten days you follow down the river, through little villages and black tent encampments, among scenes of strange Arab life which never lose their charm.",LJ028-0027.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0028.wav,Everywhere the valley is dotted with the mounds of buried cities carefully guarding the secrets of the centuries of long ago.,LJ028-0028.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0029.wav,At last you see before you a mound rising like a mountain from the level plain.,LJ028-0029.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0030.wav,"Your journey is at an end. Before you is Babylon, the ""Gate of God,"" as the old name means.",LJ028-0030.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0031.wav,About you is all that remains of the second of the Seven Wonders of the World.,LJ028-0031.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0032.wav,"Babylon, even in the days of Nebuchadnezzar, was an old, old city.",LJ028-0032.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0033.wav,"There is a Hebrew tradition that it was the oldest of all cities, but now we know that great empires flourished and passed away before Babylon was built.",LJ028-0033.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0034.wav,"Old King Sargon I., who may have lived as early as three thousand eight hundred B.C.,",LJ028-0034.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0035.wav,"seems to have been the first to mention Babylon, and one of his inscriptions seems to say that he built the city and gave it its name.",LJ028-0035.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0036.wav,"But in those very early days Babylon was little more than a shrine, surrounded with mud huts and date palms.",LJ028-0036.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0037.wav,"It was about 2250 B.C., when the great Hammurabi made it his capital, that it became the chief city of Babylonia.",LJ028-0037.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0038.wav,Its history for the next fifteen hundred years or more is obscure.,LJ028-0038.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0039.wav,"We know the names of its kings, and the records speak of long wars with the Assyrians.",LJ028-0039.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0040.wav,"In the year six eighty-nine B.C., Sinacherib, King of Nineveh, captured Babylon,",LJ028-0040.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0041.wav,"tore down its palaces and temples and walls, and scraped even the foundations of the city into the river.",LJ028-0041.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0042.wav,The place where the old city had stood for three thousand years again became a desert.,LJ028-0042.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0043.wav,"Esarhaddon, the son of Sinacherib, was the next King of Nineveh.",LJ028-0043.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0044.wav,He rebuilt Babylon that in accordance with the ancient custom he might be crowned in the sacred city.,LJ028-0044.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0045.wav,"When Esarhaddon died, one of his sons, Samas-sum-yukin, was made King of Babylon.",LJ028-0045.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0046.wav,"Another son, Assurbanipal, or the great Sardanapalus of the Greeks, became the King of Nineveh.",LJ028-0046.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0047.wav,"War broke out between the two brothers, and again Babylon was captured.",LJ028-0047.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0048.wav,"In 626 Assurbanipal died,",LJ028-0048.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0049.wav,"and in that same year Nabopolassar, the father of the great Nebuchadnezzar, became the King of Babylon.",LJ028-0049.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0050.wav,The building of the Babylon so famous in history began with Nabopolassar.,LJ028-0050.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0051.wav,"He enlarged the old city, erected temples, and began the construction of its walls.",LJ028-0051.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0052.wav,"In 606, Nineveh, the old enemy of Babylon, fell, never to rise again.",LJ028-0052.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0053.wav,"The next year, in 605, Nabopolassar died, and Nebuchadnezzar succeeded him to the throne.",LJ028-0053.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0054.wav,"He continued the building operations of his father, until Babylon became the greatest city of its age,",LJ028-0054.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0055.wav,and surrounded it with walls the like of which no other city has ever seen.,LJ028-0055.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0056.wav,"Nebuchadnezzar, or Nebuchadrezzar, as his name should be spelled, was the greatest character in Babylonian history,",LJ028-0056.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0057.wav,but about his name so many legends have grown that it is sometimes difficult to learn the facts of his life.,LJ028-0057.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0058.wav,"Early he married Amuhia, a daughter of the Medean king.",LJ028-0058.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0059.wav,"His military career began while he was still the crown prince, and his father was on the throne.",LJ028-0059.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0060.wav,"In 605,",LJ028-0060.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0061.wav,"at the head of the Babylonian army, he defeated the Egyptians in the famous battle of Carchemish, the old Hittite capital,",LJ028-0061.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0062.wav,and drove them from Asia.,LJ028-0062.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0063.wav,Then Syria and Palestine were added to his future empire.,LJ028-0063.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0064.wav,"In 597, when he sent his army to Jerusalem, he won the hatred of the Jews by taking Jehoiakin, the King, captive.",LJ028-0064.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0065.wav,"Eleven years later, in 586, he destroyed the sacred Hebrew city,",LJ028-0065.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0066.wav,"transported the Jews to Babylon, and brought the Hebrew kingdom to an end.",LJ028-0066.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0067.wav,"Centuries afterward, even to this day, Jewish mothers teach their children to hate his name.",LJ028-0067.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0068.wav,They tell how he forced the exiles to carry heavy bags of sand across the desert to increase their burdens;,LJ028-0068.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0069.wav,"how he cast Hebrew lads into a fiery furnace and into the lions' den,",LJ028-0069.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0070.wav,"and how, in punishment for all his wickedness, he became a calf, and for seven years grazed the grass in the fields about the city.",LJ028-0070.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0071.wav,"Late in his life, in 567, he invaded Egypt.",LJ028-0071.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0072.wav,During all his reign there was little peace in his great mixed turbulent empire.,LJ028-0072.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0073.wav,The walls of the palaces of many of the Assyrian kings were lined with great stone slabs engraved with reliefs and sometimes with the portrait of a king.,LJ028-0073.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0074.wav,"But in Babylonia stone was difficult to obtain, and sculptures were very rare.",LJ028-0074.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0075.wav,Therefore it was useless to hope that Nebuchadnezzar's portrait would be found on his palace walls.,LJ028-0075.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0076.wav,"However, several decades ago, an Oriental appeared at the Berlin Museum,",LJ028-0076.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0077.wav,offering for sale a small cameo engraved with a helmeted head of a Greek type.,LJ028-0077.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0078.wav,About the head was an inscription in Greek characters saying that the face was that of Nebuchadnezzar.,LJ028-0078.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0079.wav,"The museum authorities believed that the cameo was one of the many spurious objects which the Eastern forgers were constantly sending to Europe,",LJ028-0079.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0080.wav,"yet they took an impression of it, and returned it to its owner.",LJ028-0080.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0081.wav,"Years later, when the archaeologists could readily distinguish the false from the true,",LJ028-0081.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0082.wav,"it was recognized that the cameo was genuine, and that it bore the likeness of the great King.",LJ028-0082.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0083.wav,"Unfortunately, the little stone seal, perhaps the only one to preserve for us his features, appears to have been lost for ever.",LJ028-0083.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0084.wav,"Its impression shows the face of a beardless young man, intelligent and refined.",LJ028-0084.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0085.wav,The eyes are suggestive of the Semitic; the nose is of the Greek type;,LJ028-0085.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0086.wav,"the lips are thin, the chin prominent; the neck is that of a strong vigorous man.",LJ028-0086.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0087.wav,Such was the appearance of the builder of the walls of Babylon.,LJ028-0087.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0088.wav,"Religion and cruelty frequently go hand in hand, and Nebuchadnezzar was exceedingly religious.",LJ028-0088.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0089.wav,"Though a great warrior, it was not for his military deeds that he was best known.",LJ028-0089.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0090.wav,"He was fond of restoring the ruined temples of the old Babylonian cities,",LJ028-0090.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0091.wav,and most of the records which have come from his time speak chiefly of his deeds of piety.,LJ028-0091.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0092.wav,"Read the introduction to any of his inscriptions, of which the following is one, and you will call him vain and proud,",LJ028-0092.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0093.wav,but his scribe wrote it in the manner customary for the scribes of those days to write of their royal masters.,LJ028-0093.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0094.wav,"Nebuchadnezzar, King of Babylon, the exalted prince, the favorite of Marduk, the lofty patesi,",LJ028-0094.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0095.wav,"the beloved of Nabu, the arbiter, the possessor of wisdom, who seeks out the path of their divinity,",LJ028-0095.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0096.wav,"who reverences their lordship; the untiring governor, who ponders daily concerning the maintenance of Esagil and Ezida,",LJ028-0096.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0097.wav,and is continually anxious for the shrines of Babylon and Borsippa;,LJ028-0097.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0098.wav,"the wise, the pious, the maintainer of Esagil and Ezida,",LJ028-0098.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0099.wav,"the first-born son of Nabopolassar, King of Babylon, am I.",LJ028-0099.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0100.wav,"However cruel and religiously intolerant Nebuchadnezzar may have been, he was undoubtedly the greatest builder the world has ever seen.",LJ028-0100.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0101.wav,There is scarcely one of the thousands of ruin mounds in Babylonia which does not contain bricks bearing his name.,LJ028-0101.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0102.wav,There is scarcely a royal record from his reign which is not chiefly occupied with descriptions of his building operations.,LJ028-0102.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0103.wav,"He rebuilt scores of the ancient temples, surrounded many cities with walls,",LJ028-0103.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0104.wav,"lined the shores of the rivers with embankments, and spanned the rivers with bridges.",LJ028-0104.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0105.wav,"Tradition says that to please his foreign wife from the mountainous country he built the famous hanging gardens, but that may be only a tradition.",LJ028-0105.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0106.wav,"His palace in Babylon was one of the world's largest buildings, but the walls with which he protected his palace and city were the wonder of the whole world.",LJ028-0106.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0107.wav,The ancients never tired of describing them.,LJ028-0107.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0108.wav,"Fortunately in several of his long inscriptions, recently discovered in the Babylonian mounds, Nebuchadnezzar speaks of the building of the walls.",LJ028-0108.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0109.wav,In one of them he says:,LJ028-0109.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0110.wav,"I completed Imgur-Bel and Nimitti-Bel, the great walls of Babylon, the mighty city, the city of his exalted power.",LJ028-0110.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0111.wav,"At the entrance of the great gates I erected strong bulls of bronze, and terrible serpents standing upright.",LJ028-0111.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0112.wav,My father did that which no previous king had done.,LJ028-0112.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0113.wav,"With mortar and bricks he built two moat-walls about the city,",LJ028-0113.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0114.wav,"and I, with mortar and bricks, built a third great moat-wall, and joined it and united it closely with the moat-walls of my father.",LJ028-0114.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0115.wav,I laid its foundation deep to the water level;,LJ028-0115.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0116.wav,I raised its summit mountain high. I constructed a moat-wall of burned bricks about the west wall of Babylon.,LJ028-0116.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0117.wav,My father built the moat-wall of the Arachtu canal securely with mortar and bricks.,LJ028-0117.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0118.wav,"He built well the quays along the opposite shore of the Euphrates, but he did not finish all his work,",LJ028-0118.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0119.wav,"but I, his first-born, the beloved of his heart,",LJ028-0119.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0120.wav,"built the moat-walls of Arachtu with mortar and bricks, and, joining them together with those of my father, made them very solid.",LJ028-0120.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0121.wav,A thing which no king before had ever done:,LJ028-0121.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0122.wav,"To the west of Babylon, at a greater distance from the outer wall, I constructed an enclosing wall four thousand cubits in length about the city.",LJ028-0122.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0123.wav,I dug its moat to the water level.,LJ028-0123.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0124.wav,"I walled up its side with mortar and burned bricks, and I united it securely with the moat-walls of my father.",LJ028-0124.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0125.wav,Along its edge I built a great wall of mortar and burned bricks mountain high.,LJ028-0125.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0126.wav,"Berossus, a priest of the temple of Bel at Babylon, writing about 250 B.C.,",LJ028-0126.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0127.wav,"was living in the city while the walls were still standing, though in a ruinous condition.",LJ028-0127.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0128.wav,His brief description of them should not be omitted. He says that Nebuchadnezzar,LJ028-0128.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0129.wav,"built three walls round about the inner city, and three others about that which was the outer; and this he did with burnt brick.",LJ028-0129.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0130.wav,"And after he had walled the city, and adorned its gates, he built another palace before his father's palace; but so that they joined to it:",LJ028-0130.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0131.wav,to describe whose vast height and immense riches it would perhaps be too much for me to attempt.,LJ028-0131.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0132.wav,"Yet as large and lofty as they were, they were completed in fifteen days.",LJ028-0132.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0133.wav,"He also erected elevated places for walking, of stone; and made it resemble mountains: and built it so that it might be planted with all sorts of trees.",LJ028-0133.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0134.wav,He also erected what is called a pensile paradise:,LJ028-0134.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0136.wav,"Of all the ancient descriptions of the famous walls and the city they protected, that of Herodotus is the fullest.",LJ028-0136.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0137.wav,Perhaps Herodotus had never been in Babylon;,LJ028-0137.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0138.wav,"perhaps the tales that travelers told him were exaggerated as travelers' tales are likely to be,",LJ028-0138.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0139.wav,yet he at least tried to be accurate. He says:,LJ028-0139.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0140.wav,"The city stands on a broad plain, and is an exact square, a hundred and twenty furlongs in length each way,",LJ028-0140.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0141.wav,so that the entire circuit is four hundred and eighty furlongs.,LJ028-0141.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0142.wav,"While such is its size, in magnificence there is no other city that approaches to it.",LJ028-0142.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0143.wav,"It is surrounded, in the first place, by a broad and deep moat, full of water, behind which rises a wall",LJ028-0143.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0144.wav,"fifty royal cubits in width, and two hundred in height.",LJ028-0144.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0145.wav,"And here I may not omit to tell the use to which the mould dug out of the great moat was turned, nor the manner wherein the wall was wrought.",LJ028-0145.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0146.wav,"As fast as they dug the moat, the soil which they got from the cutting was made into bricks,",LJ028-0146.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0147.wav,and when a sufficient number were completed they baked the bricks in kilns.,LJ028-0147.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0148.wav,"Then they set to building, and began by bricking the borders of the moat, after which they proceeded to construct the wall itself,",LJ028-0148.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0149.wav,"using throughout for their cement hot bitumen, and interposing a layer of wattled reeds at every thirtieth course of the bricks.",LJ028-0149.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0150.wav,"On the top, along the edges of the wall, they constructed buildings of a single chamber facing one another,",LJ028-0150.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0151.wav,leaving between them room for a four-horse chariot to turn.,LJ028-0151.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0152.wav,"In the circuit of the wall are a hundred gates, all of brass, with brazen lintels and sideposts.",LJ028-0152.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0153.wav,"The bitumen used in the work was brought to Babylon from Is, a small stream which flows into the Euphrates",LJ028-0153.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0154.wav,"at the point where the city of the same name stands, eight days' journey from Babylon.",LJ028-0154.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0155.wav,Lumps of bitumen are found in great abundance in this river.,LJ028-0155.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0156.wav,The city is divided into two portions by the river which runs through the midst of it.,LJ028-0156.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0157.wav,"This river is the Euphrates, a broad, deep, swift stream, which rises in Armenia, and empties itself into the Erythraean Sea.",LJ028-0157.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0158.wav,"The city wall is brought down on both sides to the edge of the stream,",LJ028-0158.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0159.wav,thence from the corners of the wall there is carried along each bank of the river a fence of burned bricks.,LJ028-0159.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0160.wav,The houses are mostly three and four stories high;,LJ028-0160.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0161.wav,"the streets all run in straight lines, not only those parallel to the river, but also the cross streets which lead down to the waterside.",LJ028-0161.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0162.wav,"At the river end of these cross streets are low gates in the fence that skirts the stream,",LJ028-0162.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0163.wav,"which are, like the great gates in the outer wall, of brass, and open on the water.",LJ028-0163.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0164.wav,The outer wall is the main defense of the city.,LJ028-0164.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0165.wav,"There is, however, a second inner wall, of less thickness than the first, but very little inferior to it in strength.",LJ028-0165.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0166.wav,The center of each division of the town is occupied by a fortress.,LJ028-0166.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0167.wav,"In the one stood the palace of the kings, surrounded by a wall of great strength and size;",LJ028-0167.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0168.wav,"in the other was the sacred precinct of Jupiter Belus,",LJ028-0168.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0169.wav,"a square enclosure two furlongs each way, with gates of solid brass; which was also remaining in my time.",LJ028-0169.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0170.wav,"In the middle of the precinct there was a tower of solid masonry, a furlong in length and breadth,",LJ028-0170.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0171.wav,"upon which was raised a second tower, and on that a third, and so on up to eight.",LJ028-0171.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0172.wav,"The ascent to the top is on the outside, by a path which winds round all the towers.",LJ028-0172.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0173.wav,"When one is about halfway up, one finds a resting place and seats, where persons are wont to sit sometimes on their way to the summit.",LJ028-0173.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0174.wav,"Other ancient descriptions of the walls have been left us by Ctesias of the fifth century B.C., and by Strabo of the beginning of the Christian era,",LJ028-0174.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0175.wav,but they add little to our knowledge.,LJ028-0175.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0176.wav,"Should we compare these ancient descriptions of the walls, we should find them hopelessly conflicting.",LJ028-0176.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0177.wav,"However, they teach us that in those early days when most cities were surrounded by enormous walls,",LJ028-0177.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0178.wav,the walls of Babylon were so long and wide and high that all who saw them were amazed.,LJ028-0178.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0179.wav,It is only from their ruins that we may hope to obtain accurate information of the strongest fortifications in the ancient world.,LJ028-0179.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0180.wav,"In the year 562, after a long reign of forty-three years, Nebuchadnezzar died.",LJ028-0180.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0181.wav,"He was followed by three kings whose reigns were short,",LJ028-0181.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0182.wav,"and in 555 Nabonidus, the father of the Biblical Belshazzar, came to the throne.",LJ028-0182.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0183.wav,"Cyrus, the King of Persia, was rising to power, and after he had defeated the Medes",LJ028-0183.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0184.wav,he extended his empire to the Mediterranean and even to Egypt.,LJ028-0184.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0185.wav,"Perhaps Babylon was so strongly fortified that at first he made no attempt to add it to his empire,",LJ028-0185.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0186.wav,"but when Nabonidus joined with the King of Egypt and with the wealthy Croesus of Lydia in an alliance against him,",LJ028-0186.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0187.wav,Cyrus decided that Babylon must be taken.,LJ028-0187.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0188.wav,"In 538 the city fell, and for a time it became the home of the Persian King.",LJ028-0188.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0189.wav,The fall of Babylon with its lofty walls was a most important event in the history of the ancient world.,LJ028-0189.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0190.wav,A great empire which had existed for more than three thousand years was brought to an end.,LJ028-0190.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0191.wav,The old enemies of Babylon rejoiced.,LJ028-0191.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0192.wav,"When the news came to the Hebrews, who were held there in exile, they excitedly rushed about the streets, crying: ""Babylon is fallen,""",LJ028-0192.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0193.wav,and to them came hope of returning to Jerusalem.,LJ028-0193.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0194.wav,"But how did the ""mighty city"" fall? How could Cyrus take Babylon whose walls were strong enough to resist any army?",LJ028-0194.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0195.wav,It is a long story. Poets have sung it. Historians have written it. Prophets have preached it. Legends have gathered about it.,LJ028-0195.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0196.wav,"Every child knows the story of ""the writing of the hand on the wall."" It was the night that Babylon fell.",LJ028-0196.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0197.wav,"Belshazzar, the King, he was really the King's son, gave a feast to a thousand of his nobles.",LJ028-0197.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0198.wav,"In the great banquet hall of the palace, when the guests were drinking from the golden cups, and the revelry was at its highest,",LJ028-0198.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0199.wav,there suddenly appeared upon the wall an armless hand.,LJ028-0199.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0200.wav,"High up, where all might see it, the armless hand wrote the King's fate.",LJ028-0200.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0201.wav,Thou art weighed in the balances and art found wanting.,LJ028-0201.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0202.wav,"In that night, so the story ends, ""Belshazzar, the Chaldean King, was slain.""",LJ028-0202.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0203.wav,"Less picturesque than this Hebrew legend is the royal record of Babylon, which fortunately was inscribed upon a clay cylinder from the ruins of the city.",LJ028-0203.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0204.wav,"It refers to the death of the King's son, possibly to Belshazzar of the Bible story.",LJ028-0204.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0205.wav,"In the month Tammuz, when Cyrus fought the troops of Akkad (Babylonia) at Opis on the river Salsallat,",LJ028-0205.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0206.wav,"he subdued the people, and wherever they collected, he slew them.",LJ028-0206.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0207.wav,On the fourteenth day Sippar was taken without a battle.,LJ028-0207.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0208.wav,Nabonidus fled.,LJ028-0208.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0209.wav,On the sixteenth day the troops of Cyrus entered Babylon without a battle.,LJ028-0209.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0210.wav,Nabonidus was taken prisoner in Babylon. On the third of Marchesvan Cyrus entered Babylon and proclaimed peace to all the city.,LJ028-0210.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0211.wav,He appointed Gobrias governor of Babylon.,LJ028-0211.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0212.wav,On the night of the eleventh day Gobrias killed the son of the King.,LJ028-0212.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0213.wav,"Nor does the royal record of Babylon contain the only contemporary account of the fall of the city,",LJ028-0213.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0214.wav,for upon a barrel-shaped cylinder of clay bearing a long inscription we have Cyrus's account of his capture of Babylon. Extracts from it are as follows:,LJ028-0214.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0215.wav,"Marduk, the great lord, looking with joy on his pious works and upright heart,",LJ028-0215.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0216.wav,"commanded him (Cyrus) to go forth to his city Babylon, and he went by his side as a friend and companion.",LJ028-0216.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0217.wav,"His many troops, whose number, like the waters of the river, could not be counted, marched in full armor at his side,",LJ028-0217.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0218.wav,"Without a skirmish or a battle, he permitted them to enter Babylon, and, sparing the city, he delivered the King Nabonidus to him.",LJ028-0218.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0219.wav,"All the people of Babylon prostrated themselves before him, and, kissing his feet, rejoiced in his sovereignty, while happiness shone on their faces.",LJ028-0219.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0220.wav,"The inscription continues: I am Cyrus, king of the world.",LJ028-0220.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0221.wav,"When I made my gracious entry into Babylon, with exceeding joy I took up my abode in the royal palace.",LJ028-0221.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0222.wav,My many troops marched peacefully into Babylon.,LJ028-0222.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0223.wav,"I gave heed to the needs of Babylon and its cities, and the servitude of the Babylonians, whatever was oppressive, I removed from them.",LJ028-0223.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0224.wav,I quieted their sighings and soothed their sorrows.,LJ028-0224.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0225.wav,A much longer account of the capture of Babylon by Cyrus appears in the writings of Herodotus.,LJ028-0225.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0226.wav,"Though Herodotus wrote nearly a hundred years after Babylon fell, his story seems to bear the stamp of truth.",LJ028-0226.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0227.wav,He certainly mentions details which neither Nabonidus nor Cyrus would care to have appear in their royal records. His story is as follows:,LJ028-0227.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0228.wav,"Cyrus, with the first approach of the ensuing spring, marched forward against Babylon.",LJ028-0228.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0229.wav,"The Babylonians, encamped without their walls, awaited his coming.",LJ028-0229.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0230.wav,"A battle was fought at a short distance from the city, in which the Babylonians were defeated by the Persian King,",LJ028-0230.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0231.wav,whereupon they withdrew within their defenses.,LJ028-0231.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0232.wav,"Here they shut themselves up and made light of his siege, having laid in a store of provision for many years in preparation against this attack;",LJ028-0232.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0233.wav,"for when they saw Cyrus conquering nation after nation, they were convinced that he would never stop, and their turn would come at last.",LJ028-0233.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0234.wav,"Cyrus was now reduced to great perplexity, as time went on and he made no progress against the place.",LJ028-0234.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0235.wav,"In this distress either someone made this suggestion to him, or he bethought himself of a plan which he proceeded to put in execution.",LJ028-0235.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0236.wav,"He placed a portion of his army at the point where the river enters the city, and another body at the back of the place where it issues forth,",LJ028-0236.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0237.wav,"with orders to march into the town by the bed of the stream, as soon as the water became shallow enough:",LJ028-0237.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0238.wav,"he then himself drew off with the unwarlike portion of his host, and made for the place where Nitocris dug the basin for the river,",LJ028-0238.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0239.wav,"where he did exactly what she had done formerly: he turned the Euphrates by a canal into the basin, which was then a marsh,",LJ028-0239.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0240.wav,on which the river sank to such an extent that the natural bed of the stream became fordable.,LJ028-0240.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0241.wav,Hereupon the Persians who had been left for the purpose at Babylon by the river side,LJ028-0241.wav
/kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ028-0242.wav,"entered the stream, which had now sunk so as to reach about midway up a man's thigh, and thus got into the town.",LJ028-0242.wav