| audio,transcription,file_name | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0047.wav,"The three horses are, of course, the three branches of government -- the Congress, the Executive and the courts.",LJ023-0047.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0048.wav,Two of the horses are pulling in unison today; the third is not.,LJ023-0048.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0049.wav,Those who have intimated that the President of the United States is trying to drive that team,LJ023-0049.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0050.wav,"overlook the simple fact that the President, as Chief Executive, is himself one of the three horses.",LJ023-0050.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0051.wav,It is the American people themselves who are in the driver's seat.,LJ023-0051.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0052.wav,It is the American people themselves who want the furrow plowed.,LJ023-0052.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0053.wav,It is the American people themselves who expect the third horse to pull in unison with the other two.,LJ023-0053.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0054.wav,I hope that you have re-read the Constitution of the United States in these past few weeks.,LJ023-0054.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0055.wav,"Like the Bible, it ought to be read again and again.",LJ023-0055.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0056.wav,It is an easy document to understand when you remember that it was called into being,LJ023-0056.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0057.wav,because the Articles of Confederation under which the original thirteen States tried to operate after the Revolution,LJ023-0057.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0058.wav,showed the need of a national government with power enough to handle national problems.,LJ023-0058.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0059.wav,"In its Preamble, the Constitution states that it was intended to form a more perfect Union and promote the general welfare;",LJ023-0059.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0060.wav,and the powers given to the Congress to carry out those purposes can be best described by saying,LJ023-0060.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0061.wav,that they were all the powers needed to meet each and every problem which then had a national character,LJ023-0061.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0062.wav,and which could not be met by merely local action.,LJ023-0062.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0063.wav,But the framers went further.,LJ023-0063.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0064.wav,Having in mind that in succeeding generations many other problems then undreamed of would become national problems,LJ023-0064.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0065.wav,"they gave to the Congress the ample broad powers ""to levy taxes",LJ023-0065.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0066.wav,and provide for the common defense and general welfare of the United States.,LJ023-0066.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0067.wav,"That, my friends, is what I honestly believe",LJ023-0067.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0068.wav,to have been the clear and underlying purpose of the patriots who wrote a federal constitution to create a national government,LJ023-0068.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0069.wav,"with national power, intended as they said, ""to form a more perfect union",LJ023-0069.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0070.wav,for ourselves and our posterity.,LJ023-0070.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0071.wav,For nearly twenty years there was no conflict between the Congress and the Court.,LJ023-0071.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0072.wav,"Congress passed a statute which, in 1803, the Court said violated an express provision of the Constitution.",LJ023-0072.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0073.wav,The Court claimed the power to declare it unconstitutional and did so declare it.,LJ023-0073.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0074.wav,But a little later the Court itself admitted,LJ023-0074.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0075.wav,that it was an extraordinary power to exercise and through Mr. Justice Washington laid down this limitation upon it:,LJ023-0075.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0076.wav,"It is but a decent respect due to the wisdom, the integrity and the patriotism of the legislative body,",LJ023-0076.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0077.wav,"by which any law is passed,",LJ023-0077.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0078.wav,to presume in favor of its validity until its violation of the Constitution is proved beyond all reasonable doubt.,LJ023-0078.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0079.wav,"But since the rise of the modern movement for social and economic progress through legislation,",LJ023-0079.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0080.wav,the Court has more and more often and more and more boldly,LJ023-0080.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0081.wav,asserted a power to veto laws passed by the Congress and state legislatures in complete disregard of this original limitation.,LJ023-0081.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0082.wav,In the last four years the sound rule of giving statutes the benefit of all reasonable doubt has been cast aside.,LJ023-0082.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0083.wav,"The Court has been acting not as a judicial body, but as a policy-making body.",LJ023-0083.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0084.wav,"When the Congress has sought to stabilize national agriculture, to improve the conditions of labor,",LJ023-0084.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0085.wav,"to safeguard business against unfair competition,",LJ023-0085.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0086.wav,"to protect our national resources, and in many other ways, to serve our clearly national needs,",LJ023-0086.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0087.wav,the majority of the Court has been assuming the power to pass on the wisdom of these acts of the Congress,LJ023-0087.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0088.wav,and to approve or disapprove the public policy written into these laws.,LJ023-0088.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0089.wav,That is not only my accusation.,LJ023-0089.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0090.wav,It is the accusation of most distinguished justices of the present Supreme Court.,LJ023-0090.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0091.wav,I have not the time to quote to you all the language used by dissenting justices in many of these cases.,LJ023-0091.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0092.wav,"But in the case holding the Railroad Retirement Act unconstitutional, for instance,",LJ023-0092.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0093.wav,"Chief Justice Hughes said in a dissenting opinion that the majority opinion was ""a departure from sound principles,""",LJ023-0093.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0094.wav,"and placed ""an unwarranted limitation upon the commerce clause.""",LJ023-0094.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0095.wav,And three other justices agreed with him.,LJ023-0095.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0096.wav,"In the case of holding the A.A.A. unconstitutional,",LJ023-0096.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0097.wav,"Justice Stone said of the majority opinion that it was a ""tortured construction of the Constitution.""",LJ023-0097.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0098.wav,And two other justices agreed with him.,LJ023-0098.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0099.wav,"In the case holding the New York Minimum Wage Law unconstitutional, Justice Stone said",LJ023-0099.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0100.wav,"that the majority were actually reading into the Constitution their own ""personal economic predilections,"" and that",LJ023-0100.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0101.wav,"if the legislative power is not left free to choose the methods of solving the problems of poverty,",LJ023-0101.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0102.wav,"subsistence, and health of large numbers in the community, then",LJ023-0102.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0103.wav,government is to be rendered impotent.,LJ023-0103.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0104.wav,And two other justices agreed with him.,LJ023-0104.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0105.wav,"In the face of these dissenting opinions, there is no basis for the claim made by some members of the Court",LJ023-0105.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0106.wav,that something in the Constitution has compelled them regretfully to thwart the will of the people.,LJ023-0106.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0107.wav,"In the face of such dissenting opinions, it is perfectly clear that, as Chief Justice Hughes has said,",LJ023-0107.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0108.wav,"We are under a Constitution, but the Constitution is what the judges say it is.",LJ023-0108.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0109.wav,The Court in addition to the proper use of its judicial functions has improperly set itself up as a third house of the Congress,LJ023-0109.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0110.wav,"a super-legislature, as one of the justices has called it",LJ023-0110.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0111.wav,"reading into the Constitution words and implications which are not there, and which were never intended to be there.",LJ023-0111.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0112.wav,"We have, therefore,",LJ023-0112.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0113.wav,reached the point as a nation where we must take action to save the Constitution from the Court and the Court from itself.,LJ023-0113.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0114.wav,We must find a way to take an appeal from the Supreme Court to the Constitution itself.,LJ023-0114.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0115.wav,We want a Supreme Court which will do justice under the Constitution -- not over it.,LJ023-0115.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0116.wav,In our courts we want a government of laws and not of men.,LJ023-0116.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0117.wav,I want -- as all Americans want -- an independent judiciary as proposed by the framers of the Constitution.,LJ023-0117.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0118.wav,That means a Supreme Court that will enforce the Constitution as written,LJ023-0118.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0119.wav,that will refuse to amend the Constitution by the arbitrary exercise of judicial power -- amended by judicial say-so.,LJ023-0119.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0120.wav,It does not mean a judiciary so independent that it can deny the existence of facts which are universally recognized.,LJ023-0120.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0121.wav,How then could we proceed to perform the mandate given us?,LJ023-0121.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0122.wav,"It was said in last year's Democratic platform,",LJ023-0122.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0123.wav,"If these problems cannot be effectively solved within the Constitution,",LJ023-0123.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0124.wav,"we shall seek such clarifying amendment as will assure the power to enact those laws,",LJ023-0124.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0125.wav,"adequately to regulate commerce, protect public health and safety, and safeguard economic security.",LJ023-0125.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0126.wav,"In other words, we said we would seek an amendment only if every other possible means by legislation were to fail.",LJ023-0126.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0127.wav,"When I commenced to review the situation with the problem squarely before me,",LJ023-0127.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0128.wav,"I came by a process of elimination to the conclusion that, short of amendments,",LJ023-0128.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0129.wav,"the only method which was clearly constitutional, and would at the same time carry out other much needed reforms,",LJ023-0129.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0130.wav,was to infuse new blood into all our courts.,LJ023-0130.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0131.wav,We must have men worthy and equipped to carry out impartial justice.,LJ023-0131.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0132.wav,"But, at the same time, we must have judges who will bring to the courts a present-day sense of the Constitution",LJ023-0132.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0133.wav,"judges who will retain in the courts the judicial functions of a court,",LJ023-0133.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0134.wav,and reject the legislative powers which the courts have today assumed.,LJ023-0134.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0135.wav,"In forty-five out of the forty-eight states of the Union, judges are chosen not for life but for a period of years.",LJ023-0135.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0136.wav,In many states judges must retire at the age of seventy.,LJ023-0136.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0137.wav,Congress has provided financial security,LJ023-0137.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0138.wav,by offering life pensions at full pay for federal judges on all courts who are willing to retire at seventy.,LJ023-0138.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0139.wav,"In the case of Supreme Court justices, that pension is $20,000 a year.",LJ023-0139.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0140.wav,"But all federal judges, once appointed,",LJ023-0140.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ023-0141.wav,"can, if they choose, hold office for life, no matter how old they may get to be.",LJ023-0141.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0001.wav,"The Fireside Chats of Franklin Delano Roosevelt, by Franklin D Roosevelt",LJ024-0001.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0002.wav,"Section 10. March 9, 1937. Part 2.",LJ024-0002.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0003.wav,What is my proposal?,LJ024-0003.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0004.wav,It is simply this: whenever a judge or justice of any federal court,LJ024-0004.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0005.wav,"has reached the age of seventy and does not avail himself of the opportunity to retire on a pension,",LJ024-0005.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0006.wav,"a new member shall be appointed by the President then in office,",LJ024-0006.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0007.wav,"with the approval, as required by the Constitution, of the Senate of the United States.",LJ024-0007.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0008.wav,That plan has two chief purposes.,LJ024-0008.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0009.wav,"By bringing into the judicial system a steady and continuing stream of new and younger blood, I hope, first,",LJ024-0009.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0010.wav,"to make the administration of all federal justice speedier and, therefore, less costly;",LJ024-0010.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0011.wav,"secondly, to bring to the decision of social and economic problems younger men who have had personal experience and contact",LJ024-0011.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0012.wav,with modern facts and circumstances under which average men have to live and work.,LJ024-0012.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0013.wav,This plan will save our national Constitution from hardening of the judicial arteries.,LJ024-0013.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0014.wav,"The number of judges to be appointed would depend wholly on the decision of present judges now over seventy,",LJ024-0014.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0015.wav,or those who would subsequently reach the age of seventy.,LJ024-0015.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0016.wav,"If, for instance, any one of the six justices of the Supreme Court now over the age of seventy should retire as provided under the plan,",LJ024-0016.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0017.wav,no additional place would be created.,LJ024-0017.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0018.wav,"Consequently, although there never can be more than fifteen, there may be only fourteen, or thirteen, or twelve.",LJ024-0018.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0019.wav,And there may be only nine.,LJ024-0019.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0020.wav,There is nothing novel or radical about this idea.,LJ024-0020.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0021.wav,It seeks to maintain the federal bench in full vigor.,LJ024-0021.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0022.wav,It has been discussed and approved by many persons of high authority,LJ024-0022.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0023.wav,ever since a similar proposal passed the House of Representatives in 1869.,LJ024-0023.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0024.wav,Why was the age fixed at seventy?,LJ024-0024.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0025.wav,"Because the laws of many states, the practice of the Civil Service, the regulations of the Army and Navy,",LJ024-0025.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0026.wav,"and the rules of many of our universities and of almost every great private business enterprise,",LJ024-0026.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0027.wav,commonly fix the retirement age at seventy years or less.,LJ024-0027.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0028.wav,The statute would apply to all the courts in the federal system.,LJ024-0028.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0029.wav,There is general approval so far as the lower federal courts are concerned.,LJ024-0029.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0030.wav,The plan has met opposition only so far as the Supreme Court of the United States itself is concerned.,LJ024-0030.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0031.wav,If such a plan is good for the lower courts it certainly ought to be equally good for the highest court from which there is no appeal.,LJ024-0031.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0032.wav,"Those opposing this plan have sought to arouse prejudice and fear by crying that I am seeking to ""pack"" the Supreme Court",LJ024-0032.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0033.wav,and that a baneful precedent will be established.,LJ024-0033.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0034.wav,"What do they mean by the words ""packing the Court""?",LJ024-0034.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0035.wav,Let me answer this question with a bluntness that will end all honest misunderstanding of my purposes.,LJ024-0035.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0036.wav,"If by that phrase ""packing the Court"" it is charged that I wish to place on the bench spineless puppets",LJ024-0036.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0037.wav,"who would disregard the law and would decide specific cases as I wished them to be decided, I make this answer:",LJ024-0037.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0038.wav,"that no President fit for his office would appoint,",LJ024-0038.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0039.wav,"and no Senate of honorable men fit for their office would confirm, that kind of appointees to the Supreme Court.",LJ024-0039.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0040.wav,But if by that phrase the charge is made,LJ024-0040.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0041.wav,that I would appoint and the Senate would confirm justices worthy to sit beside present members of the Court,LJ024-0041.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0042.wav,"who understand those modern conditions,",LJ024-0042.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0043.wav,"that I will appoint justices who will not undertake to override the judgment of the Congress on legislative policy,",LJ024-0043.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0044.wav,that I will appoint justices who will act as justices and not as legislators,LJ024-0044.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0045.wav,"if the appointment of such justices can be called ""packing the Courts,""",LJ024-0045.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0046.wav,then I say that I and with me the vast majority of the American people favor doing just that thing -- now.,LJ024-0046.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0047.wav,"Is it a dangerous precedent for the Congress to change the number of the justices? The Congress has always had, and will have, that power.",LJ024-0047.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0048.wav,"The number of justices has been changed several times before,",LJ024-0048.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0049.wav,in the administration of John Adams and Thomas Jefferson -- both signers of the Declaration of Independence,LJ024-0049.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0050.wav,"Andrew Jackson, Abraham Lincoln and Ulysses S. Grant.",LJ024-0050.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0051.wav,I suggest only the addition of justices to the bench,LJ024-0051.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0052.wav,in accordance with a clearly defined principle relating to a clearly defined age limit.,LJ024-0052.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0053.wav,"Fundamentally, if in the future, America cannot trust the Congress it elects to refrain from abuse of our Constitutional usages",LJ024-0053.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0054.wav,democracy will have failed far beyond the importance to it of any king of precedent concerning the judiciary.,LJ024-0054.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0055.wav,We think it so much in the public interest to maintain a vigorous judiciary,LJ024-0055.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0056.wav,that we encourage the retirement of elderly judges by offering them a life pension at full salary.,LJ024-0056.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0057.wav,Why then should we leave the fulfillment of this public policy to chance,LJ024-0057.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0058.wav,or make independent on upon the desire or prejudice of any individual justice?,LJ024-0058.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0059.wav,It is the clear intention of our public policy to provide for a constant flow of new and younger blood into the judiciary.,LJ024-0059.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0060.wav,Normally every President appoints a large number of district and circuit court judges and a few members of the Supreme Court.,LJ024-0060.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0061.wav,Until my first term practically every President of the United States has appointed at least one member of the Supreme Court.,LJ024-0061.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0062.wav,President Taft appointed five members and named a Chief Justice;,LJ024-0062.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0063.wav,"President Wilson, three; President Harding, four, including a Chief Justice; President Coolidge, one;",LJ024-0063.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0064.wav,"President Hoover, three, including a Chief Justice.",LJ024-0064.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0065.wav,Such a succession of appointments should have provided a Court well-balanced as to age.,LJ024-0065.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0066.wav,But chance and the disinclination of individuals to leave the Supreme bench,LJ024-0066.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0067.wav,have now given us a Court in which five justices will be over seventy-five years of age before next June,LJ024-0067.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0068.wav,and one over seventy.,LJ024-0068.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0069.wav,Thus a sound public policy has been defeated.,LJ024-0069.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0070.wav,I now propose that we establish by law an assurance against any such ill-balanced court in the future.,LJ024-0070.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0071.wav,"I propose that hereafter, when a judge reaches the age of seventy,",LJ024-0071.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0072.wav,a new and younger judge shall be added to the court automatically.,LJ024-0072.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0073.wav,In this way I propose to enforce a sound public policy by law,LJ024-0073.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0074.wav,"instead of leaving the composition of our federal courts, including the highest,",LJ024-0074.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0075.wav,to be determined by chance or the personal indecision of individuals.,LJ024-0075.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0076.wav,"If such a law as I propose is regarded as establishing a new precedent,",LJ024-0076.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0077.wav,is it not a most desirable precedent?,LJ024-0077.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0078.wav,"Like all lawyers, like all Americans, I regret the necessity of this controversy.",LJ024-0078.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0079.wav,"But the welfare of the United States, and indeed of the Constitution itself, is what we all must think about first.",LJ024-0079.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0080.wav,Our difficulty with the Court today rises not from the Court as an institution but from human beings within it.,LJ024-0080.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0081.wav,"But we cannot yield our constitutional destiny to the personal judgment of a few men who, being fearful of the future,",LJ024-0081.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0082.wav,would deny us the necessary means of dealing with the present.,LJ024-0082.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0083.wav,This plan of mine is no attack on the Court;,LJ024-0083.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0084.wav,it seeks to restore the Court to its rightful and historic place in our constitutional government,LJ024-0084.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0085.wav,"and to have it resume its high task of building anew on the Constitution ""a system of living law.""",LJ024-0085.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0086.wav,The Court itself can best undo what the Court has done.,LJ024-0086.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0087.wav,I have thus explained to you the reasons that lie behind our efforts to secure results by legislation within the Constitution.,LJ024-0087.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0088.wav,"I hope that thereby the difficult process of constitutional amendment may be rendered unnecessary. But,",LJ024-0088.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0089.wav,let us examine the process.,LJ024-0089.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0090.wav,There are many types of amendment proposed.,LJ024-0090.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0091.wav,Each one is radically different from the other.,LJ024-0091.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0092.wav,There is no substantial groups within the Congress or outside it who are agreed on any single amendment.,LJ024-0092.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0093.wav,It would take months or years to get substantial agreement upon the type and language of the amendment.,LJ024-0093.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0094.wav,It would take months and years thereafter to get a two-thirds majority in favor of that amendment in both Houses of the Congress.,LJ024-0094.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0095.wav,Then would come the long course of ratification by three-fourths of all the states.,LJ024-0095.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0096.wav,No amendment which any powerful economic interests or the leaders of any powerful political party have had reason to oppose,LJ024-0096.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0097.wav,has ever been ratified within anything like a reasonable time.,LJ024-0097.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0098.wav,And thirteen states which contain only five percent of the voting population can block ratification,LJ024-0098.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0099.wav,even though the thirty- five states with ninety-five percent of the population are in favor of it.,LJ024-0099.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0100.wav,"A very large percentage of newspaper publishers, Chambers of Commerce,",LJ024-0100.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0101.wav,"Bar Association, Manufacturers' Associations, who are trying to give the impression that they really do want a constitutional amendment",LJ024-0101.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0102.wav,would be the first to exclaim as soon as an amendment was proposed,LJ024-0102.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0103.wav,"Oh! I was for an amendment all right, but this amendment you proposed is not the kind of amendment that I was thinking about.",LJ024-0103.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0104.wav,"I am therefore, going to spend my time, my efforts and my money",LJ024-0104.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0105.wav,"to block the amendment, although I would be awfully glad to help get some other kind of amendment ratified.",LJ024-0105.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0106.wav,Two groups oppose my plan on the ground that they favor a constitutional amendment.,LJ024-0106.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0107.wav,The first includes those who fundamentally object to social and economic legislation along modern lines.,LJ024-0107.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0108.wav,This is the same group who during the campaign last Fall tried to block the mandate of the people.,LJ024-0108.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0109.wav,Now they are making a last stand.,LJ024-0109.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0110.wav,And the strategy of that last stand is to suggest the time-consuming process of amendment in order to kill off by delay,LJ024-0110.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0111.wav,the legislation demanded by the mandate.,LJ024-0111.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0112.wav,To them I say: I do not think you will be able long to fool the American people as to your purposes.,LJ024-0112.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0113.wav,The other groups is composed of those who honestly believe the amendment process is the best,LJ024-0113.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0114.wav,and who would be willing to support a reasonable amendment if they could agree on one.,LJ024-0114.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0115.wav,To them I say: we cannot rely on an amendment as the immediate or only answer to our present difficulties.,LJ024-0115.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0116.wav,"When the time comes for action,",LJ024-0116.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0117.wav,you will find that many of those who pretend to support you will sabotage any constructive amendment which is proposed.,LJ024-0117.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0118.wav,Look at these strange bed-fellows of yours.,LJ024-0118.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0119.wav,When before have you found them really at your side in your fights for progress?,LJ024-0119.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0120.wav,And remember one thing more.,LJ024-0120.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0121.wav,"Even if an amendment were passed, and even if in the years to come it were to be ratified,",LJ024-0121.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0122.wav,its meaning would depend upon the kind of justices who would be sitting on the Supreme Court bench.,LJ024-0122.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0123.wav,"An amendment, like the rest of the Constitution,",LJ024-0123.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0124.wav,is what the justices say it is rather than what its framers or you might hope it is.,LJ024-0124.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0125.wav,This proposal of mine will not infringe in the slightest upon the civil or religious liberties so dear to every American.,LJ024-0125.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0126.wav,My record as Governor and President proves my devotion to those liberties.,LJ024-0126.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0127.wav,You who know me can have no fear that I would tolerate the destruction by any branch of government of any part of our heritage of freedom.,LJ024-0127.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0128.wav,The present attempt by those opposed to progress to play upon the fears of danger to personal liberty,LJ024-0128.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0129.wav,brings again to mind that crude and cruel strategy tried by the same opposition,LJ024-0129.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0130.wav,to frighten the workers of America in a pay-envelope propaganda against the Social Security Law.,LJ024-0130.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0131.wav,The workers were not fooled by that propaganda then. The people of America will not be fooled by such propaganda now.,LJ024-0131.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0132.wav,I am in favor of action through legislation:,LJ024-0132.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0133.wav,"First, because I believe that it can be passed at this session of the Congress.",LJ024-0133.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0134.wav,"Second, because it will provide a reinvigorated",LJ024-0134.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0135.wav,liberal-minded judiciary necessary to furnish quicker and cheaper justice from bottom to top.,LJ024-0135.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0136.wav,"Third, because it will provide a series of federal courts willing to enforce the Constitution as written,",LJ024-0136.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0137.wav,and unwilling to assert legislative powers by writing into it their own political and economic policies.,LJ024-0137.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0138.wav,"During the past half century the balance of power between the three great branches of the federal government,",LJ024-0138.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0139.wav,has been tipped out of balance by the courts in direct contradiction of the high purposes of the framers of the Constitution.,LJ024-0139.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0140.wav,It is my purpose to restore that balance.,LJ024-0140.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0141.wav,"You who know me will accept my solemn assurance that in a world in which democracy is under attack,",LJ024-0141.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0142.wav,I seek to make American democracy succeed.,LJ024-0142.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ024-0143.wav,You and I will do our part.,LJ024-0143.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0001.wav,"The Science: History of the Universe, Volume 5.",LJ025-0001.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0002.wav,Edited by Francis Rolt-Wheeler. Biology. Chapter 7. Organic Functions. Part One.,LJ025-0002.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0003.wav,"The facts dealing with the physiology of organisms, the activities associated with that which we call life",LJ025-0003.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0004.wav,are often designated Organic Functions.,LJ025-0004.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0005.wav,"The terms animal physiology, plant physiology and human physiology are in common use and often suggest to the lay reader",LJ025-0005.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0006.wav,"that the functions or workings of the organs of plants, animals or man are quite distinct,",LJ025-0006.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0007.wav,so much so as to require discussion in different treatises.,LJ025-0007.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0008.wav,"This is true only as a matter of detail,",LJ025-0008.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0009.wav,for in the past fifty years it has been made evident that in general principles all living things are fundamentally similar.,LJ025-0009.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0010.wav,One of the most important summaries of this similarity,LJ025-0010.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0011.wav,"is Huxley's famous essay, ""The Border Territory Between the Animal and Vegetable Kingdoms,"" written in 1876,",LJ025-0011.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0012.wav,extracts from which follow.,LJ025-0012.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0013.wav,"In the second edition of the ""Regne Animal,"" published in 1828,",LJ025-0013.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0014.wav,"Cuvier devotes a special section to the Division of Organized Beings into Animals and Vegetables,",LJ025-0014.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0015.wav,in which the question is treated with that comprehensiveness of knowledge and clear critical judgment which characterize his writings,LJ025-0015.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0016.wav,"and justify biologists in regarding them as representative expressions of the most extensive, if not the profoundest, knowledge of his time.",LJ025-0016.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0017.wav,"He affirms that living beings have been subdivided from the earliest times into animated beings, which possess sense and motion,",LJ025-0017.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0018.wav,"and inanimated beings, which are devoid of these functions and simply vegetable.",LJ025-0018.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0019.wav,"Although the roots of plants direct themselves toward moisture and their leaves toward air and light,",LJ025-0019.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0020.wav,"although the parts of some plants exhibit oscillating movements without any perceptible cause and the leaves of others retract when touched,",LJ025-0020.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0021.wav,yet none of these movements justify the ascription to plants of perception of will.,LJ025-0021.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0022.wav,"From the mobility of animals Cuvier, with his characteristic partiality for teleological reasoning,",LJ025-0022.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0023.wav,"reduces the necessity of the existence in them of an alimentary cavity, or reservoir of food,",LJ025-0023.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0024.wav,"whence their nutrition may be drawn by vessels, which are a sort of internal roots; and, in the presence of this alimentary cavity",LJ025-0024.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0025.wav,"he naturally sees the primary and the most important distinction between animals and plants,",LJ025-0025.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0026.wav,"Following out his teleological argument, Cuvier remarks that the organization of this cavity",LJ025-0026.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0027.wav,and its appurtenances must needs vary according to the nature of the aliment and the operations which it has to undergo,LJ025-0027.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0028.wav,"before it can be converted into substances fitted for absorption,",LJ025-0028.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0029.wav,while the atmosphere and the earth supply plants with juices ready prepared and which can be absorbed immediately.,LJ025-0029.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0030.wav,"As the animal body required to be independent of heat and of the atmosphere,",LJ025-0030.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0031.wav,there were no means by which the motion of its fluids could be produced by internal causes.,LJ025-0031.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0032.wav,"Hence arose the second great distinctive character of animals, or the circulatory system, which is less important than the digestive,",LJ025-0032.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0033.wav,"since it was unnecessary, and therefore is absent, in the more simple animals.",LJ025-0033.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0034.wav,Animals further needed muscles for locomotion and nerves for sensibility.,LJ025-0034.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0035.wav,"Hence, says Cuvier, it was necessary that the chemical composition of the animal body should be more complicated than that of the plant;",LJ025-0035.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0036.wav,"and it is so, inasmuch as an additional substance -- nitrogen -- enters into it as an essential element;",LJ025-0036.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0037.wav,while in plants nitrogen is only accidentally joined with the three other fundamental constituents of organic beings,LJ025-0037.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0038.wav,"carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.",LJ025-0038.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0039.wav,"he afterward affirms that nitrogen is peculiar to animals, and herein he places the third distinction between the animal and the plant.",LJ025-0039.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0040.wav,The soil and the atmosphere supply plants with water composed of hydrogen and oxygen,LJ025-0040.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0041.wav,and carbonic acid containing carbon and oxygen.,LJ025-0041.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0042.wav,"They retain the hydrogen and the carbon, exhale the superfluous oxygen and absorb little or no nitrogen.",LJ025-0042.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0043.wav,"The essential character of vegetable life is the exhalation of oxygen, which is effected through the agency of light.",LJ025-0043.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0044.wav,"Animals, on the contrary, derive their nourishment either directly or indirectly from plants.",LJ025-0044.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0045.wav,They get rid of the superfluous hydrogen and carbon and accumulate nitrogen.,LJ025-0045.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0046.wav,The relations of plants and animals to the atmosphere are therefore inverse.,LJ025-0046.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0047.wav,"The plant withdraws water and carbonic acid from the atmosphere, the animal contributes both to it.",LJ025-0047.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0048.wav,"Respiration -- that is, the absorption of oxygen and the exhalation of carbonic acid",LJ025-0048.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0049.wav,is the specially animal function of animals and constitutes their fourth distinctive character.,LJ025-0049.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0050.wav,Thus wrote Cuvier in 1828.,LJ025-0050.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0051.wav,But in the fourth and fifth decades of this century,LJ025-0051.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0052.wav,the greatest and most rapid revolution which biological science has ever undergone was effected by the application of the modern microscope,LJ025-0052.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0053.wav,"to the investigation of organic structure,",LJ025-0053.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0054.wav,by the introduction of exact and easily manageable methods of conducting the chemical analysis of organic compounds and finally,LJ025-0054.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0055.wav,by the employment of instruments of precision for the measurement of the physical forces which are at work in the living economy.,LJ025-0055.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0056.wav,"That the semi-fluid contents (which we now term protoplasm) of the cells of certain plants,",LJ025-0056.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0057.wav,"such as the Charae, are in constant and regular motion was made out by Bonaventura Corti a century ago;",LJ025-0057.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0058.wav,"but the fact, important as it was, fell into oblivion and had to be rediscovered by Treviranus in 1807.",LJ025-0058.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0059.wav,"Robert Brown noted the more complex motions of the protoplasm in the cells of Tradescantia in 1831,",LJ025-0059.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0060.wav,and now such movements of the living substance of plants are well known to be some of the most widely prevalent phenomena of vegetable life.,LJ025-0060.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0061.wav,"Agardh and other of the botanists of Cuvier's generation who occupied themselves with the lower plants had observed that,",LJ025-0061.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0062.wav,"under particular circumstances, the contents of the cells of certain water-weeds were set free and moved about with considerable velocity",LJ025-0062.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0063.wav,"and with all the appearances of spontaneity as locomotive bodies,",LJ025-0063.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0064.wav,"which, from their similarity to animals of simple organization, were called ""zoospores.""",LJ025-0064.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0065.wav,"Even as late as 1845, however, a botanist of Schleiden's eminence dealt very skeptically with these statements,",LJ025-0065.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0066.wav,"and his skepticism was the more justified since Ehrenberg in his elaborate and comprehensive work on the infusoria,",LJ025-0066.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0067.wav,had declared the greater number of what are now recognized as locomotive plants to be animals.,LJ025-0067.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0068.wav,"At the present day, writes Huxley,",LJ025-0068.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0069.wav,"innumerable plants and free plant cells are known to pass the whole or part of their lives in an actively locomotive condition,",LJ025-0069.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0070.wav,"in nowise distinguishable from that of one of the simpler animals, and",LJ025-0070.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0071.wav,"while in this condition their movements are, to all appearances, as spontaneous -- as much the product of volition -- as those of such animals.",LJ025-0071.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0072.wav,Hence the teleological argument for Cuvier's first diagnostic character,LJ025-0072.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0073.wav,"the presence in animals of an alimentary cavity, or internal pocket, in which they can carry about their nutriment",LJ025-0073.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0074.wav,"has broken down, so far, at least, as his mode of stating it goes. And",LJ025-0074.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0075.wav,"with the advance of microscopic anatomy, the universality of the fact itself among animals has ceased to be predicable.",LJ025-0075.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0076.wav,Many animals of even complex structure which live parasitically within others are wholly devoid of an alimentary cavity.,LJ025-0076.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0077.wav,"Their food is provided for them,",LJ025-0077.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0078.wav,"not only ready cooked but ready digested, and the alimentary canal, become superfluous, has disappeared, and, again,",LJ025-0078.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0079.wav,the males of most Rotifers have no digestive apparatus.,LJ025-0079.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0080.wav,"Finally amid the lowest forms of animal life the speck of gelatinous protoplasm, which constitutes the whole body,",LJ025-0080.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0081.wav,"has no permanent digestive cavity or mouth, but takes in its food anywhere and digests, so to speak, all over its body.",LJ025-0081.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0082.wav,"But although Cuvier's leading diagnosis of the animal from the plant will not stand a strict test,",LJ025-0082.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0083.wav,it remains one of the most constant of the distinctive characters of animals.,LJ025-0083.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0084.wav,"And if we substitute for the possession of an alimentary cavity the power of taking solid nutriment into the body and there digesting it,",LJ025-0084.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0085.wav,"the definition so changed will cover all animals, except certain parasites,",LJ025-0085.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0086.wav,and the few and exceptional cases of non-parasitic animals which do not feed at all.,LJ025-0086.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0087.wav,"On the other hand, the definition thus amended will exclude all ordinary vegetable organisms.",LJ025-0087.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0088.wav,Cuvier himself practically gives up his second distinctive mark when he admits that it is wanting in the simpler animals.,LJ025-0088.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0089.wav,The third distinction is based on a completely erroneous conception of the chemical differences,LJ025-0089.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0090.wav,"and resemblances between the constituents of animal and vegetable organisms, for which Cuvier is not responsible,",LJ025-0090.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0091.wav,as it was current among contemporary chemists.,LJ025-0091.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0092.wav,It is now established that nitrogen is as essential a constituent of vegetable as of animal living matter,LJ025-0092.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0093.wav,"and that the latter is, chemically speaking, just as complicated as the former.",LJ025-0093.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0094.wav,"Starchy substances, cellulose and sugar,",LJ025-0094.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0095.wav,"once supposed to be exclusively confined to plants, are now known to be regular and normal products of animals.",LJ025-0095.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0096.wav,"Amylaceous and saccharine substances are largely manufactured, even by the highest animals.",LJ025-0096.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0097.wav,Cellulose is widespread as a constituent of the skeletons of the lower animals,LJ025-0097.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0098.wav,"and it is probable that amyloid substances are universally present in the animal organism, though not in the precise form of starch.",LJ025-0098.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0099.wav,"Moreover, although it remains true that there is an inverse relation between the green plant in sunshine and the animal,",LJ025-0099.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0100.wav,in so far as under these circumstances the green plant,LJ025-0100.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0101.wav,"decomposes carbonic acid and exhales oxygen while the animal absorbs oxygen and exhales carbonic acid,",LJ025-0101.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0102.wav,yet the exact researches of the modern chemical investigators of the physiological processes of plants have clearly demonstrated the fallacy,LJ025-0102.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0103.wav,"of attempting to draw any general distinction between animals and vegetables on this ground. In fact, the difference vanishes with the sunshine,",LJ025-0103.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0104.wav,"even in the case of the green plant, which in the dark absorbs oxygen and gives out carbonic acid like any animal.",LJ025-0104.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0105.wav,"On the other hand, those plants, such as the fungi,",LJ025-0105.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0106.wav,"which contain no chlorophyll and are not green, are always, so far as respiration is concerned, in the exact position of animals.",LJ025-0106.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0107.wav,They absorb oxygen and give out carbonic acid.,LJ025-0107.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0108.wav,"Thus, by the progress of knowledge, Cuvier's fourth distinction between the animal and the plant",LJ025-0108.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0109.wav,"has been as completely invalidated as the third and second, and even the first can be retained only in a modified form",LJ025-0109.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0110.wav,and subject to exceptions.,LJ025-0110.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0111.wav,But has the advance of biology simply tended to break down old distinctions without establishing new ones?,LJ025-0111.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0112.wav,"With a qualification, to be considered presently, the answer to this question is undoubtedly in the affirmative.",LJ025-0112.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0113.wav,The famous researches of Schwann and Schleiden in 1837 and the following years,LJ025-0113.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0114.wav,"founded the modern science of histology or that branch of anatomy which deals with the ultimate visible structure of organisms as revealed by the microscope,",LJ025-0114.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0115.wav,and from that day to this the rapid improvement of methods of investigation and the energy of a host of accurate observers,LJ025-0115.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0116.wav,have given greater and greater breadth and firmness to Schwann's great generalization,LJ025-0116.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0117.wav,"that a fundamental unity of structure obtains in animals and plants,",LJ025-0117.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0118.wav,"and that, however diverse may be the fabrics or tissues of which their bodies are composed, all these varied structures result",LJ025-0118.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0119.wav,"from the metamorphosis of morphological units (termed cells in a more general sense than that in which the word ""cells"" was at first employed),",LJ025-0119.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0120.wav,"which are not only similar in animals and in plants respectively,",LJ025-0120.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0121.wav,but present a close resemblance when those of animals and those of plants are compared together.,LJ025-0121.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0122.wav,"The contractility which is the fundamental condition of locomotion,"" continues Huxley,",LJ025-0122.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0123.wav,"has not only been discovered to exist far more widely among plants than was formerly imagined,",LJ025-0123.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0124.wav,"but in the plants the act of contraction has been found to be accompanied,",LJ025-0124.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0125.wav,"as Dr. Burdon Sanderson's interesting investigations have shown, by a disturbance of the electrical state of the contractile substance",LJ025-0125.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0126.wav,"comparable to that which was found by Du Bois Reymond to be a concomitant of the activity of ordinary muscle in animals. Again,",LJ025-0126.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0127.wav,"I know of no test by which the reaction of the leaves of the Sundew and of other plants to stimuli, so fully and carefully studied by Mr. Darwin,",LJ025-0127.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0128.wav,"can be distinguished from those acts of contraction following upon stimuli, which are called ""reflex"" in animals.",LJ025-0128.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0129.wav,On each lobe of the bi-lobed leaf of Venus flytrap are three delicate filaments which stand out at right angles from the surface of the leaf.,LJ025-0129.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0130.wav,Touch one of them with the end of a fine human hair,LJ025-0130.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0131.wav,"and the lobes of the leaf instantly close together in virtue of an act of contraction of part of their substance,",LJ025-0131.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0132.wav,"just as the body of a snail contracts into its shell when one of its ""horns"" is irritated.",LJ025-0132.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0133.wav,The reflex action of the snail is the result of the presence of a nervous system in the animal.,LJ025-0133.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0134.wav,"A molecular change takes place in the nerve of the tentacle,",LJ025-0134.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0135.wav,"is propagated to the muscles by which the body is retracted, and causing them to contract, the act of retraction is brought about.",LJ025-0135.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0136.wav,Of course the similarity of the acts does not necessarily involve the conclusion that the mechanism by which they are effected is the same,LJ025-0136.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0137.wav,but it suggests a suspicion of their identity which needs careful testing.,LJ025-0137.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0138.wav,The results of inquiries into the structure of the nervous system of animals,LJ025-0138.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0139.wav,"converge toward the conclusion that the nerve fibers, which have been regarded as ultimate elements of nervous tissue,",LJ025-0139.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0140.wav,"are not such, but are simply the visible aggregations of vastly more attenuated filaments,",LJ025-0140.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0141.wav,"the diameter of which dwindles down to the limits of our present microscopic vision,",LJ025-0141.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0142.wav,"greatly as these have been extended by modern improvements of the microscope, and that a nerve is, in its essence,",LJ025-0142.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0143.wav,nothing but a linear tract of specially modified protoplasm between two points of an organism,LJ025-0143.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0144.wav,one of which is able to affect the other by means of the communication so established.,LJ025-0144.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0145.wav,Hence it is conceivable that even the simplest living being may possess a nervous system.,LJ025-0145.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0146.wav,And the question whether plants are provided with a nervous system or not thus acquires a new aspect and presents the histologist and physiologist,LJ025-0146.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0147.wav,"with a problem of extreme difficulty, which must be attacked from a new point of view and by the aid of methods which have yet to be invented.",LJ025-0147.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0148.wav,"Thus it must be admitted, he says again, ""that plants may be contractile and locomotive;",LJ025-0148.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0149.wav,"that, while locomotive, their movements may have as much appearance of spontaneity as those of the lowest animals,",LJ025-0149.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0150.wav,and that many exhibit actions comparable to those which are brought about by the agency of a nervous system in animals.,LJ025-0150.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0151.wav,And it must be allowed to be possible that further research may reveal the existence of something comparable to a nervous system in plants.,LJ025-0151.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0152.wav,"So that I know not where we can hope to find any absolute distinction between animals and plants, unless we return to their mode of nutrition",LJ025-0152.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0153.wav,"and inquire whether certain differences of a more occult character than those imagined to exist by Cuvier,",LJ025-0153.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0154.wav,"and which certainly hold good for the vast majority of animals and plants, are of universal application.",LJ025-0154.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0155.wav,"A bean may be supplied with water in which salts of ammonia and certain other mineral salts are dissolved in due proportion,",LJ025-0155.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0156.wav,with atmospheric air containing its ordinary minute dose of carbonic acid and with nothing else but sunlight and heat.,LJ025-0156.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0157.wav,"Under these circumstances, unnatural as they are, with proper management, the bean will thrust forth its radicle and its plumule;",LJ025-0157.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0158.wav,"the former will grow down into roots, the latter grow up into the stem and leaves of a vigorous bean-plant,",LJ025-0158.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0159.wav,"and this plant will, in due time, flower and produce its crop of beans just as if it were grown in the garden or in the field.",LJ025-0159.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0160.wav,"The weight of the nitrogenous protein compounds,",LJ025-0160.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0161.wav,"of the oily, starchy, saccharine and woody substances contained in the full-grown plant and its seeds",LJ025-0161.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0162.wav,will be vastly greater than the weight of the same substances contained in the bean from which it sprang.,LJ025-0162.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0163.wav,"But nothing has been supplied to the bean save water, carbonic acid, ammonia, potash, lime,",LJ025-0163.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0164.wav,"iron and the like in combination with phosphoric, sulphuric and other acids.",LJ025-0164.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0165.wav,"Neither protein, nor fat, nor starch, nor sugar, nor any substance in the slightest degree resembling them has formed part of the food of the bean.",LJ025-0165.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0166.wav,"But the weights of the carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur and other elementary bodies contained in the bean-plant",LJ025-0166.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0167.wav,and in the seeds which it produces are exactly equivalent to the weights of the same elements which have disappeared from the materials supplied to the bean during its growth.,LJ025-0167.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0168.wav,Whence it follows that the bean has taken in only the raw materials of its fabric and has manufactured them into bean-stuffs.,LJ025-0168.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0169.wav,"The bean has been able to perform this great chemical feat by the help of its green coloring matter, or chlorophyll,",LJ025-0169.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0170.wav,"for it is only the green parts of the plant which, under the influence of sunlight, have the marvelous power of decomposing carbonic acid,",LJ025-0170.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0171.wav,setting free the oxygen and laying hold of the carbon which it contains.,LJ025-0171.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0172.wav,"In fact, the bean obtains two of the absolutely indispensable elements of its substance from two distinct sources.",LJ025-0172.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0173.wav,"The watery solution, in which its roots are plunged, contains nitrogen but no carbon;",LJ025-0173.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0174.wav,"the air, to which the leaves are exposed, contains carbon,",LJ025-0174.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0175.wav,"but its nitrogen is in the state of a free gas, in which condition the bean can make no use of it,",LJ025-0175.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ025-0176.wav,"and the chlorophyll is the apparatus by which the carbon is extracted from the atmospheric carbonic acid, the leaves being the chief laboratories",LJ025-0176.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0001.wav,"The Science: History of the Universe, Volume 5. Edited by Francis Rolt-Wheeler. Biology. Chapter 8.",LJ026-0001.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0002.wav,Life Processes. Part One.,LJ026-0002.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0003.wav,"Nutrition thus, as has been pointed out, makes it possible to classify most organisms as animals or plants.",LJ026-0003.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0004.wav,Yet there are many unicellular forms in which both kinds of nutrition go on at the same time;,LJ026-0004.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0005.wav,"that is, the forms may possess a mouth for the ingestion of solid food and green coloring matter, chlorophyll,",LJ026-0005.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0006.wav,for the manufacture of starchy food from gaseous matter.,LJ026-0006.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0007.wav,Many of the lowest forms of life have long been puzzles,LJ026-0007.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0008.wav,and the beginner in biological study is surprised to find them described in textbooks of both botany and zoology.,LJ026-0008.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0009.wav,"The fact is that they are on the border line, are neither plants nor animals but simply organisms.",LJ026-0009.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0010.wav,"Since they cannot be classified, it is necessary that they be listed both under botany and zoology, in order to make sure that they will not be omitted entirely.",LJ026-0010.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0011.wav,"Because of these uncertain forms of life,",LJ026-0011.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0012.wav,Haeckel proposed once to include all one-celled animals and plants in a third kingdom to be called Protista (meaning the first of all life).,LJ026-0012.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0013.wav,"Parker's definition of animals and plants,",LJ026-0013.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0014.wav,"based on the foregoing considerations, is convenient for distinguishing between animals and plants in all cases except the doubtful unicellar forms.",LJ026-0014.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0015.wav,"He says: Animals are organisms of fixed and definite form, in which the cell-body is not covered with a cellulose wall.",LJ026-0015.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0016.wav,"They ingest solid proteinaceous food,",LJ026-0016.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0017.wav,"their nutritive processes result in oxidation, they have a definite organ of excretion and are capable of automatic movement",LJ026-0017.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0018.wav,Plants are organisms of constantly varying form in which the cell body is surrounded by a cellulose wall;,LJ026-0018.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0019.wav,"they cannot ingest solid food, but are nourished by a watery solution of nutrient materials.",LJ026-0019.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0020.wav,"If chlorophyll is present, the carbon dioxide of the air serves as a source of carbon,",LJ026-0020.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0021.wav,nitrogen is obtained from simple salts and the nutritive processes result in deoxidation;,LJ026-0021.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0022.wav,"if chlorophyll is absent, carbon is obtained from sugar or some similar compound,",LJ026-0022.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0023.wav,"nitrogen either from simple salts or from proteids, and the process of nutrition is one of oxidation.",LJ026-0023.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0024.wav,"There is no special excretory organ, and, except in the case of certain reproductive bodies, there is usually no locomotion.",LJ026-0024.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0025.wav,The important point to recognize is that these boundaries are artificial and that there are no scientific frontiers in Nature.,LJ026-0025.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0026.wav,"As in the liquefaction of gases, there is a ""critical point"" at which the substance under experiment is neither gaseous nor liquid.",LJ026-0026.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0027.wav,"as in a mountainous country, it is impossible to say where mountain ends and valley begins; as in the development of an animal,",LJ026-0027.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0028.wav,"it is futile to argue about the exact period when, for instance, the egg becomes a tadpole or the tadpole a frog,",LJ026-0028.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0029.wav,so in the case under discussion.,LJ026-0029.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0030.wav,"The distinction between the higher plants and animals is perfectly sharp and obvious,",LJ026-0030.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0031.wav,"but when the two groups are traced downward they are found gradually to merge,",LJ026-0031.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0032.wav,"as it were, into an assemblage of organisms which partake of the characters of both kingdoms and cannot without a certain violence",LJ026-0032.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0033.wav,be either included in or excluded from either.,LJ026-0033.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0034.wav,"When any given ""protist"" has to be classified the case must be decided on its individual merits;",LJ026-0034.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0035.wav,"the organism must be compared in detail with all those which resemble it closely in structure, physiology and life history,",LJ026-0035.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0036.wav,"and then a balance must be struck and the doubtful form placed in the kingdom with which it has, on the whole, most points in common.",LJ026-0036.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0037.wav,"It will no doubt occur to the reader that, on the theory of evolution,",LJ026-0037.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0038.wav,the fact of the animal and vegetable kingdoms being related to one another like two trees united at the roots may be accounted for by the hypothesis that,LJ026-0038.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0039.wav,the earliest organisms were protists and that from them animals and plants were evolved along divergent lines of descent.,LJ026-0039.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0040.wav,And in this connection the fact that some bacteria -- the simplest organisms known and devoid of chlorophyll,LJ026-0040.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0041.wav,may flourish in solutions wholly devoid of organic matter is very significant.,LJ026-0041.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0042.wav,The lower plants and animals referred to above are so far from everyday observation,LJ026-0042.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0043.wav,and hence so unfamiliar that to most people the comparison made will mean little in terms of ordinary green flowering plants and common vertebrate animals.,LJ026-0043.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0044.wav,"In order to emphasize the fundamental similarity of organic function in higher and lower animals and plants, let us compare any higher plant",LJ026-0044.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0045.wav,"e.g., a bean plant with a higher animal, e.g., frog or even man.",LJ026-0045.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0046.wav,"In each the life is the sum total of a series of definite processes -- nutrition or food supply,",LJ026-0046.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0047.wav,"circulation, metabolism, excretion, oxygenation (part of respiration),",LJ026-0047.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0048.wav,"movement, irritability (nervous activity) and reproduction.",LJ026-0048.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0049.wav,"In turn these will be compared for the animal and the plant,",LJ026-0049.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0050.wav,following in part the comparisons of certain animals and plants by Sedgwick and Wilson and others.,LJ026-0050.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0051.wav,"These comparisons will, however, be translated into terms applicable to any species of higher plants or animals.",LJ026-0051.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0052.wav,In the nutrition of the animal the most essential and characteristic part of the food supply is derived from vegetable,LJ026-0052.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0053.wav,"or animal matter in the form of various organic compounds, of which the most important are proteids (protoplasm, albumen, etc.),",LJ026-0053.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0054.wav,"carbohydrates (starch, cellulose) and fats.",LJ026-0054.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0055.wav,These materials are used by the animal in the manufacture of new protoplasm to take the place of that which has been used up.,LJ026-0055.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0056.wav,"It is, however, impossible for the animal to build these materials directly into the substance of its own body.",LJ026-0056.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0057.wav,They must first undergo certain preparatory chemical changes known collectively as digestion,LJ026-0057.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0058.wav,and only after the completion of this process can all the food be absorbed into the circulation.,LJ026-0058.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0059.wav,"For this purpose the food is taken not into the body proper, but into a kind of tubular chemical laboratory; called the alimentary canal,",LJ026-0059.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0060.wav,"through which it slowly passes, being subjected meanwhile to the action of certain chemical substances or reagents, known as digestive ferments.",LJ026-0060.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0061.wav,"These substances, which are dissolved in a watery liquid to form the digestive fluid, are secreted by the walls of the alimentary tube.",LJ026-0061.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0062.wav,Through their action the solid portions are liquefied and the food is rendered capable of absorption into the body proper.,LJ026-0062.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0063.wav,"The food supply of the higher plant, like that of the animal, is the source of the required matter and energy,",LJ026-0063.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0064.wav,"but unlike that of the animal, it is not chiefly an income of foods, but only of the raw materials of food.",LJ026-0064.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0065.wav,"Matter enters the plant in the liquid or gaseous form by diffusion,",LJ026-0065.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0066.wav,both from the soil through the roots (liquids) and from the atmosphere through the leaves (gases).,LJ026-0066.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0067.wav,We have here the direct absorption into the body proper of food-stuffs precisely as the animal takes in water and oxygen.,LJ026-0067.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0068.wav,"Energy enters the plant, to a small extent,",LJ026-0068.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0069.wav,"as the potential energy of foodstuffs, but comes in principally as the kinetic energy of sunlight absorbed in the leaves.",LJ026-0069.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0070.wav,"Of the substances the solids (salts, etc.) must be dissolved in water before they can be taken in.",LJ026-0070.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0071.wav,"Water and dissolved salts continually pass by diffusion from the soil into the roots, where together they constitute the sap.",LJ026-0071.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0072.wav,"The sap travels throughout the whole plant, the main though not the only cause of movement",LJ026-0072.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0073.wav,"being the constant transpiration (evaporation) of watery vapor from the leaves, especially through the stomata.",LJ026-0073.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0074.wav,"The gaseous matters (carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen) enter the plant mainly by diffusion from the atmosphere,",LJ026-0074.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0075.wav,are dissolved by the sap in the leaves and elsewhere and thus may pass to every portion of the plant.,LJ026-0075.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0076.wav,The green plant owes its power of absorbing the energy of sunlight,LJ026-0076.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0077.wav,"to the chlorophyll bodies or chromatophores, for plants which, like fungi, etc., are devoid of chlorophyll, are unable thus to acquire energy.",LJ026-0077.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0078.wav,"Entering the chlorophyll bodies, the kinetic energy of sunlight is applied to the decomposition of carbon dioxide and water.",LJ026-0078.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0079.wav,"After passing through manifold but imperfectly known processes, the elements of these substances finally reappear as starch,",LJ026-0079.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0080.wav,"often in the form of granules embedded in the chlorophyll bodies and free oxygen, most of which is returned to the atmosphere.",LJ026-0080.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0081.wav,Thus the leaf of a green plant in the light is continually absorbing carbon dioxide and giving forth free oxygen.,LJ026-0081.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0082.wav,"Carbon dioxide and water contain no potential energy, since the affinities of their constituent elements are completely satisfied.",LJ026-0082.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0083.wav,"Starch, however, contains potential energy, since the molecule is relatively unstable",LJ026-0083.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0084.wav,"i.e., capable of decomposition into simpler, stabler molecules in which stronger affinities are satisfied.",LJ026-0084.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0085.wav,And this is due to the fact that in the manufacture of starch in the chlorophyll bodies,LJ026-0085.wav | |
| /kaggle/input/ljspeech-dataset/LJSpeech-1.1/wavs/LJ026-0086.wav,"the kinetic energy of sunlight was expended in lifting the atoms into position of vantage, thus endowing them with energy of position.",LJ026-0086.wav | |