package rd222dv_assign2.Queues;

import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
/**
 The {@code LinkedQueue} class represents a first-in-first-out (FIFO)
 *  queue of generic items.
 *  It has the <em>enqueue</em> and <em>dequeue</em>
 *  methods, together with other methods, such as first and last, looking at the first and last Object, and 
 *  testing if the queue is empty, iterating through the Objects in first in first out order
 *   and a toString method for a nice String output. 
 *  
 *  The <em>enqueue</em>, <em>dequeue</em>, <em>first</em>, <em>last</em>, <em>size</em>, and <em>is-empty</em>
 *  operations all take constant time in the worst case.
 * <ul>
 * <li>  {@link rd222dv_assign2.Queues.LinkedQueue} </li>
 * </ul>
 *
 * @author	Ruth Dirnfeld
 * @version 1.0
 * @since 2017-02-05
 */

public class LinkedQueue implements Queue {

	// Fields
	private int size = 0;
	private Node head = null;
	private Node tail = null;

	/**
	 * This constructs an empty linked queue.
	 */

	public LinkedQueue() {

	}

	/**
	 * This is a inner Node class which helps to reference the element in the
	 * queue.
	 */

	private class Node {

		// Fields
		private Object data;
		private Node next;

	}

	/**
	 * Return the size of queue
	 */

	@Override
	public int size() {
		return size;
	}

	/**
	 * Return true if queue is empty,Otherwise false.
	 */

	@Override
	public boolean isEmpty() {
		return head == null;
	}

	/**
	 * Insert Object at last position of the queue.
	 * 
	 * @param element  Object to be added
	 * 
	 *            
	 */

	@Override
	public void enqueue(Object element) {

		/*
		 * If queue is empty, insert the element at the beginning. That element
		 * will be the first and last element of the queue. If not, put the
		 * element next to the tail node and change the tail node position which
		 * represent this new element. Increase the size in both cases.
		 */

		if (isEmpty() == true) {
			Node newNode = new Node();
			newNode.data = element;
			head = newNode;
			tail = head;

		} else {
			Node newNode = new Node();
			newNode.data = element;
			tail.next = newNode;
			tail = tail.next;
		}
		size++;
	}

	/**
	 * This method returns and removes the Object at position first in the
	 * queue.
	 * 
	 * If the queue is empty, this methods throws NoSuchElementException.
	 */

	@Override
	public Object dequeue() {

		/*
		 * If empty, throw exception. Otherwise, remove and return the first
		 * element and change the head node next to this element. Decrease the
		 * size.
		 */

		if (isEmpty() == true) {
			throw new NoSuchElementException();
		}

		Object element = head.data;
		head = head.next;
		size--;
		return element;
	}

	/**
	 * This method returns the Object at position first in the queue.
	 * 
	 * If the queue is empty, this methods throws NoSuchElementException.
	 */

	/*
	 * I tried to write the throws like
	 * 
	 * @throws NoSuchElementException, but the console gives error. Then I
	 * searched online http://www.javapractices.com/topic/TopicAction.do?Id=171
	 * and I read that I must avoid throws in java doc because it generates it
	 * automatically. Please suggest me if this is not true.
	 */

	@Override
	public Object first() {

		/*
		 * If empty, throw exception. Otherwise, return the first element.
		 */

		if (head == null) {
			throw new NoSuchElementException();
		} else
			return head.data;
	}

	/**
	 * This method returns the Object at position last in the queue.
	 * 
	 * If the queue is empty, this methods throws NoSuchElementException.
	 */

	@Override
	public Object last() {

		/*
		 * If empty, throw exception. Otherwise, return the last element.
		 */

		if (tail == null) {
			throw new NoSuchElementException();
		} else
			return tail.data;
	}

	/**
	 * Represent all the elements in the queue.
	 * 
	 * @return String 
	 * 
	 */

	@Override
	public String toString() {

		/*
		 * Add all the element from head to tail in the string builder. If
		 * empty, return empty queue.
		 * 
		 */

		StringBuilder str = new StringBuilder();
		Node newNode = new Node();
		newNode = head;
		str.append("[");
		while (newNode != null) {
			str.append(" " + newNode.data);
			newNode = newNode.next;
		}
		str.append(" ]");
		return str.toString();
	}

	/**
	 * Runs over all the element present in the queue.
	 * 
	 * @return Iterator
	 */

	@Override
	public Iterator iterator() {
		return new LinkedQueueIterator();
	}

	// Inner iterator class
	private class LinkedQueueIterator implements Iterator {

		// field
		private Node position;

		// constructor
		public LinkedQueueIterator() {
			position = null;

		}

		/**
		 * Return true until the iterator does reached up to last Object of the
		 * queue.
		 * 
		 * @return boolean
		 */

		@Override
		public boolean hasNext() {

			/*
			 * In the beginning, position is null, so this method will return
			 * true only if queue is not empty, otherwise false. In other case,
			 * position is increasing by 1, this method will return true until
			 * position is not reached up to the tail.
			 */

			if (position == null) {
				return head != null;
			} else
				return position.next != null;

		}

		/**
		 * This method return Object until the hasnNext() method is true.
		 * 
		 * @return Object
		 */

		@Override
		public Object next() {

			/*
			 * Throw error if iterator already runs over all the elements in the
			 * queue. In the first case, this method will only run if above
			 * method is true. In the last case, it will return elements until
			 * the position will not reached up to the tail.
			 */

			if (!hasNext()) {
				throw new NoSuchElementException();
			}
			if (position == null) { //
				position = head;
			} else {
				position = position.next;
			}
			return position.data;

		}

	}

}
/*
public class LinkedQueue implements Queue {

	private class Node {
		public Object data;
		public Node next;

		public Node(Object data, Node next) {
			this.data = data;
			this.next = next;
		}
	}

	private Node head = null;
	private Node tail = null;
	
	/**
	 * Constructs a LinkedQueue with no detail message.
	 * Elements can be enqueued and dequeued to the LinkedQueue. 
	 */
/*	public LinkedQueue(){}
	/**
     * Returns the number of items in this queue.
     * Returns the number of items in this queue
     */
/*	@Override
	public int size() { // current queue size
		int count = 0;
		for (Node node = head; node != null; node = node.next) {
			count++;
		}
		return count;
	}
	
	/**
	 * Returns true if this queue is empty;
	 * 
	 * @return true if this queue is empty; otherwise false
	 */
/*	@Override
	public boolean isEmpty() { // true if queue is empty
		return head == null;
	}
	/**
     * Adds the element to this queue.
     * adds element at end of queue
     */
/*	@Override
	public void enqueue(Object element) { // add element at end of queue
		Node newNode = new Node(element, null);
		if (isEmpty()) {
			head = newNode;
		} else {
			tail.next = newNode;
		}
		tail = newNode;
	}
	 /**
     * Removes and returns the element from this queue that was recently added.
     * @return the element from this queue that was recently added
     * @throws java.util.NoSuchElementException if this queue is empty
     */
/*	@Override
	public Object dequeue() { // return and remove first element.
		if (isEmpty()) {
			throw new NoSuchElementException("Is Empty");
		}
		Object element = head.data;
		if (tail == head) {
			tail = null;
		}
		head = head.next;
		return element;
	}
	/**
     * Returns the Object recently added to this queue.
     * @return the Object recently added to this queue
     */
/*	@Override
	public Object first() { // return (without removing) first element
		if (head == null) {
			throw new NoSuchElementException();
		} else {
			return head.data;
		}
	}
	/**
     * Returns (without removing) last element from this queue.
     * @return (without removing) last element from this queue.
     */
/*	@Override
	public Object last() { // return (without removing) last element
		if (tail == null) {
			throw new NoSuchElementException();
		} else {
			return tail.data;
		}
	}
	/**
     * Returns an iterator that iterates over the Objects in first in first out order 
     * @return an iterator that iterates over the Objects in first in first out order 
     */
/*	@Override
	public Iterator<Object> iterator() { // element iterator
		return new QueueIterator();
	}
	/**
     * Returns a nice string output of this queue.
     * @return the Objects in FIFO order, separated by commas
     */
/*	public String toString() { // return a string representation of the queue
								// content
		if (isEmpty()) {
			return "";
		}

		String result = "<";
		Node current = head;
		while (current != null) {
			result += current.data;
			current = current.next;

			if (current != null) {
				result += ",";
			}
		}
		return result + ">";
	}
	
	class QueueIterator implements Iterator<Object> {
		private Node node = head; // First node is head

		public Object next() {
			Object val = node.data; // Read current value
			node = node.next; // Move one step ahead
			return val;
		}

		@Override
		public boolean hasNext() {
			return node != null;
		}
	}
}*/