Unnamed: 0 int64 0 350k | level_0 int64 0 351k | ApplicationNumber int64 9.75M 96.1M | ArtUnit int64 1.6k 3.99k | Abstract stringlengths 1 8.37k | Claims stringlengths 3 292k | abstract-claims stringlengths 68 293k | TechCenter int64 1.6k 3.9k |
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349,200 | 350,074 | 16,757,812 | 2,621 | A method, an apparatus, and a system of compensating an organic light emitting diode (OLED) in a display panel for efficiency decay are disclosed. The method includes acquiring an IV curve of the OLED device according to a drain voltage with grayscales applied to a driven thin-film transistor (TFT) and an output current; comparing the IV curve with an IV curve database model, and determining a target curve and a first match curve; determining a second match curve according to a measuring moment; acquiring a target voltage corresponding to a target luminance; acquiring a target current corresponding to the target voltage; and acquiring, based on a characteristic curve of the driven TFT, a compensated gate voltage through the target voltage, the target current, and the drain voltage. The OLED device can be compensated for efficiency decay. Display effects are improved, causing the display panel to display uniformly. | 1. A method of compensating an organic light emitting diode (OLED) device in a display panel for efficiency decay, the method comprising the following steps:
acquiring a current versus voltage (IV) curve of the OLED device according to drain voltages with a preset number of grayscales applied to a driven thin-film transistor (TFT) and output currents corresponding to the drain voltages; comparing the IV curve with an IV curve database model, and determining a target curve and a first match curve of the OLED device, wherein the IV curve database model comprises a plurality of curves of current versus voltage measured at different moments; determining, according to a measuring moment corresponding to the first match curve, a second match curve corresponding to the measuring moment in a luminance versus voltage (LV) curve database model, wherein the LV curve database model comprises a plurality of curves of luminance versus voltage measured at different moments; acquiring, based on the second match curve, a target voltage corresponding to a target luminance; acquiring, based on the target curve, a target current corresponding to the target voltage; and acquiring, based on a characteristic curve of the driven TFT, a compensated gate voltage of the driven TFT through the target voltage, the target current, and the drain voltages. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of acquiring the IV curve of the OLED device according to the drain voltages with the preset number of grayscales applied to the driven TFT and the output currents corresponding to the drain voltages comprises:
sequentially applying, based on a preset step length, the drain voltages with grayscales from 0 to 255 to the driven TFT, and capturing currents flowing through the OLED device connected to the driven TFT; and establishing the IV curve of the OLED device according to the drain voltages and the currents. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the preset step length comprises at least one grayscale. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising, after the step of acquiring the compensated gate voltage of the driven TFT, a step of:
modifying a gate voltage of the driven TFT under each grayscale according to the compensated gate voltage. 5. (canceled) 6. A system configured to compensate an organic light emitting diode (OLED) device in a display panel for efficiency decay, the system comprising:
a processor connected to the display panel and configured to: acquire a current versus voltage (IV) curve of the OLED device according to drain voltages with a preset number of grayscales applied to a driven thin-film transistor (TFT) and output currents corresponding to the drain voltages; compare the IV curve with an IV curve database model, and determine a target curve and a first match curve of the OLED device, wherein the IV curve database model comprises a plurality of curves of current versus voltage measured at different moments; determine, according to a measuring moment corresponding to the first match curve, a second match curve corresponding to the measuring moment in a luminance versus voltage (LV) curve database model, wherein the LV curve database model comprises a plurality of curves of luminance versus voltage measured at different moments; acquire, based on the second match curve, a target voltage corresponding to a target luminance; acquire, based on the target curve, a target current corresponding to the target voltage; and acquire, based on a characteristic curve of the driven TFT, a compensated gate voltage of the driven TFT through the target voltage, the target current, and the drain voltages. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the processor is further configured to:
sequentially apply, based on a preset step length, the drain voltages with grayscales from 0 to 255 to the driven TFT, and capture currents flowing through the OLED device connected to the driven TFT; and establish the IV curve of the OLED device according to the drain voltages and the currents. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the preset step length comprises at least one grayscale. 9. The system of claim 6, wherein the processor is further configured to modify a gate voltage of the driven TFT under each grayscale according to the compensated gate voltage. 10. The system of claim 6, wherein the display panel comprises a pixel driving circuit and the OLED device connected to the pixel driving circuit and the processor. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the pixel driving circuit is a two-transistors-one-capacitor (2T1C) pixel driving circuit or a three-transistors-one-capacitor (3T1C) pixel driving circuit. 12. The system of claim 6, wherein the processor comprises a processing chip, a current detector connected to the OLED device, and a modulo converter connecting the processing chip and the current detector. 13. The system of claim 6, wherein the display panel is an active matrix organic light emitting diode (AMOLED) display panel or a micro light-emitting diode (LED) display panel. | A method, an apparatus, and a system of compensating an organic light emitting diode (OLED) in a display panel for efficiency decay are disclosed. The method includes acquiring an IV curve of the OLED device according to a drain voltage with grayscales applied to a driven thin-film transistor (TFT) and an output current; comparing the IV curve with an IV curve database model, and determining a target curve and a first match curve; determining a second match curve according to a measuring moment; acquiring a target voltage corresponding to a target luminance; acquiring a target current corresponding to the target voltage; and acquiring, based on a characteristic curve of the driven TFT, a compensated gate voltage through the target voltage, the target current, and the drain voltage. The OLED device can be compensated for efficiency decay. Display effects are improved, causing the display panel to display uniformly.1. A method of compensating an organic light emitting diode (OLED) device in a display panel for efficiency decay, the method comprising the following steps:
acquiring a current versus voltage (IV) curve of the OLED device according to drain voltages with a preset number of grayscales applied to a driven thin-film transistor (TFT) and output currents corresponding to the drain voltages; comparing the IV curve with an IV curve database model, and determining a target curve and a first match curve of the OLED device, wherein the IV curve database model comprises a plurality of curves of current versus voltage measured at different moments; determining, according to a measuring moment corresponding to the first match curve, a second match curve corresponding to the measuring moment in a luminance versus voltage (LV) curve database model, wherein the LV curve database model comprises a plurality of curves of luminance versus voltage measured at different moments; acquiring, based on the second match curve, a target voltage corresponding to a target luminance; acquiring, based on the target curve, a target current corresponding to the target voltage; and acquiring, based on a characteristic curve of the driven TFT, a compensated gate voltage of the driven TFT through the target voltage, the target current, and the drain voltages. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of acquiring the IV curve of the OLED device according to the drain voltages with the preset number of grayscales applied to the driven TFT and the output currents corresponding to the drain voltages comprises:
sequentially applying, based on a preset step length, the drain voltages with grayscales from 0 to 255 to the driven TFT, and capturing currents flowing through the OLED device connected to the driven TFT; and establishing the IV curve of the OLED device according to the drain voltages and the currents. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the preset step length comprises at least one grayscale. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising, after the step of acquiring the compensated gate voltage of the driven TFT, a step of:
modifying a gate voltage of the driven TFT under each grayscale according to the compensated gate voltage. 5. (canceled) 6. A system configured to compensate an organic light emitting diode (OLED) device in a display panel for efficiency decay, the system comprising:
a processor connected to the display panel and configured to: acquire a current versus voltage (IV) curve of the OLED device according to drain voltages with a preset number of grayscales applied to a driven thin-film transistor (TFT) and output currents corresponding to the drain voltages; compare the IV curve with an IV curve database model, and determine a target curve and a first match curve of the OLED device, wherein the IV curve database model comprises a plurality of curves of current versus voltage measured at different moments; determine, according to a measuring moment corresponding to the first match curve, a second match curve corresponding to the measuring moment in a luminance versus voltage (LV) curve database model, wherein the LV curve database model comprises a plurality of curves of luminance versus voltage measured at different moments; acquire, based on the second match curve, a target voltage corresponding to a target luminance; acquire, based on the target curve, a target current corresponding to the target voltage; and acquire, based on a characteristic curve of the driven TFT, a compensated gate voltage of the driven TFT through the target voltage, the target current, and the drain voltages. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the processor is further configured to:
sequentially apply, based on a preset step length, the drain voltages with grayscales from 0 to 255 to the driven TFT, and capture currents flowing through the OLED device connected to the driven TFT; and establish the IV curve of the OLED device according to the drain voltages and the currents. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the preset step length comprises at least one grayscale. 9. The system of claim 6, wherein the processor is further configured to modify a gate voltage of the driven TFT under each grayscale according to the compensated gate voltage. 10. The system of claim 6, wherein the display panel comprises a pixel driving circuit and the OLED device connected to the pixel driving circuit and the processor. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the pixel driving circuit is a two-transistors-one-capacitor (2T1C) pixel driving circuit or a three-transistors-one-capacitor (3T1C) pixel driving circuit. 12. The system of claim 6, wherein the processor comprises a processing chip, a current detector connected to the OLED device, and a modulo converter connecting the processing chip and the current detector. 13. The system of claim 6, wherein the display panel is an active matrix organic light emitting diode (AMOLED) display panel or a micro light-emitting diode (LED) display panel. | 2,600 |
349,201 | 350,075 | 16,757,848 | 2,621 | A tool for disassembling and assembling bearings which support an engine mounting frame of an internal combustion engine, is mounted on a base, a bearing having opposing metal securing plates and a resiliently deformable damping element extending between the securing plates, said tool comprising opposing, parallel mounting plates, each mounting plate being mountable on a securing plate of a bearing to be dissassembled or assembled, and comprising a turnbuckle, via which the opposing mounting plates are operatively connected. | 1.-11. (canceled) 12. A tool configured to remove and install a bearing comprising metallic securing plates located opposite one another and a rubber-elastically deformable damping element extending between the securing plates, via which an engine mounting frame of an internal combustion engine is mounted on a base, comprising:
parallel mounting plates located opposite one another, wherein each respective parallel mounting plate is configured to be mounted to a respective securing plate of a bearing to be removed or installed; and a turnbuckle, via which the parallel mounting plates located opposite one another are operatively connected. 13. The tool according to claim 12, further comprising:
coupling rods, wherein each of the parallel mounting plates is connected to a respective coupling rod, which extends in a direction of the respective mounting plate located opposite, wherein the turnbuckle acts on the coupling rods of the parallel mounting plates. 14. The tool according to claim 12, wherein
a first coupling rod with a first end of acts on a first mounting plate, wherein a first external thread is formed on a second end of the first coupling rod; a second coupling rod with a first end acts on a second mounting plate, wherein a second external thread is formed on a second end of the second coupling rod; and the turnbuckle acts with a first end via a first internal thread on the first external thread of the first coupling rod and with a second end via a second internal thread on the second external thread of the second coupling rod. 15. The tool according to claim 14, wherein the first external thread and the first internal thread are each right-hand threads and the second external thread and the second internal thread are each left-hand threads. 16. The tool according to claim 12, wherein the turnbuckle has a hexagonal outer contour. 17. The tool according to claim 12, wherein the parallel mounting plates located opposite one another comprise passage openings for mounting bolts, via which the parallel mounting plates are mountable to the respective securing plates of the bearing to be removed or installed. 18. The tool according to claim 17, wherein in a state of the tool as demounted from the bearing, the mounting bolts are held on the parallel mounting plates via nuts. 19. The tool according to claim 18, wherein in a state of the tool as mounted on the bearing, the nuts are removed and the mounting bolts extend through the parallel mounting plates into the securing plates of the bearing. 20. The tool according to claim 13, wherein the coupling rods extend perpendicularly to the parallel mounting plates. 21. A method for changing a bearing, via which an engine mounting frame of an internal combustion engine is mounted on a base, wherein the bearing comprises metallic securing plates located opposite one another and a rubber-elastically deformable damping element extending between the securing plates, having a tool comprising parallel mounting plates located opposite one another, wherein each respective parallel mounting plate is configured to be mounted to a respective securing plate of a bearing to be removed or installed; and a turnbuckle, via which the parallel mounting plates located opposite one another are operatively connected, comprising:
actuating the turnbuckle of the tool to move the parallel mounting plates of the tool towards one another, so that a distance between outer surfaces of the parallel mounting plates of the tool facing away from one another is smaller than a distance between inner surfaces of the securing plates of the bearing to be removed facing one another, which acts on the engine mounting frame and base; actuating the turnbuckle of the tool to move the parallel mounting plates of the tool away from one another so that the outer surfaces of the parallel mounting plates come to lie against the inner surfaces of the securing plates of the bearing to be removed; mounting the parallel mounting plates of the tool to the securing plates of the bearing and disconnecting the securing plates of the bearing to be removed from engine mounting frame and base; actuating the turnbuckle of the tool to move the parallel mounting plates of the tool and the securing plates of the bearing to be removed toward one another while tensioning the rubber-elastically deformable damping element of the bearing to be removed; and removing the bearing to be removed and inserting a bearing to be installed. 22. The method according to claim 21, further comprising:
mounting the parallel mounting plates of the tool to the securing plates of the bearing to be installed; actuating the turnbuckle of the tool to move the parallel mounting plates of the tool and the securing plates of the bearing to be installed towards one another while tensioning the rubber-elastically deformable damping element of the bearing to be installed, so that a distance between outer surfaces of the securing plates of the bearing to be installed facing away from one another is smaller than a distance between inner surfaces of engine mounting frame and base facing one another; positioning the bearing to be installed between engine mounting frame and base; actuating the turnbuckle of the tool to move the parallel mounting plates of the tool away from one another, so that the outer surfaces of the securing plates of the bearing to be installed come to lie against the inner surfaces of engine mounting frame and base; mounting the securing plates of the bearing to be installed to engine mounting frame and base; and disconnecting the parallel mounting plates of the tool from the securing plates of the bearing to be installed. | A tool for disassembling and assembling bearings which support an engine mounting frame of an internal combustion engine, is mounted on a base, a bearing having opposing metal securing plates and a resiliently deformable damping element extending between the securing plates, said tool comprising opposing, parallel mounting plates, each mounting plate being mountable on a securing plate of a bearing to be dissassembled or assembled, and comprising a turnbuckle, via which the opposing mounting plates are operatively connected.1.-11. (canceled) 12. A tool configured to remove and install a bearing comprising metallic securing plates located opposite one another and a rubber-elastically deformable damping element extending between the securing plates, via which an engine mounting frame of an internal combustion engine is mounted on a base, comprising:
parallel mounting plates located opposite one another, wherein each respective parallel mounting plate is configured to be mounted to a respective securing plate of a bearing to be removed or installed; and a turnbuckle, via which the parallel mounting plates located opposite one another are operatively connected. 13. The tool according to claim 12, further comprising:
coupling rods, wherein each of the parallel mounting plates is connected to a respective coupling rod, which extends in a direction of the respective mounting plate located opposite, wherein the turnbuckle acts on the coupling rods of the parallel mounting plates. 14. The tool according to claim 12, wherein
a first coupling rod with a first end of acts on a first mounting plate, wherein a first external thread is formed on a second end of the first coupling rod; a second coupling rod with a first end acts on a second mounting plate, wherein a second external thread is formed on a second end of the second coupling rod; and the turnbuckle acts with a first end via a first internal thread on the first external thread of the first coupling rod and with a second end via a second internal thread on the second external thread of the second coupling rod. 15. The tool according to claim 14, wherein the first external thread and the first internal thread are each right-hand threads and the second external thread and the second internal thread are each left-hand threads. 16. The tool according to claim 12, wherein the turnbuckle has a hexagonal outer contour. 17. The tool according to claim 12, wherein the parallel mounting plates located opposite one another comprise passage openings for mounting bolts, via which the parallel mounting plates are mountable to the respective securing plates of the bearing to be removed or installed. 18. The tool according to claim 17, wherein in a state of the tool as demounted from the bearing, the mounting bolts are held on the parallel mounting plates via nuts. 19. The tool according to claim 18, wherein in a state of the tool as mounted on the bearing, the nuts are removed and the mounting bolts extend through the parallel mounting plates into the securing plates of the bearing. 20. The tool according to claim 13, wherein the coupling rods extend perpendicularly to the parallel mounting plates. 21. A method for changing a bearing, via which an engine mounting frame of an internal combustion engine is mounted on a base, wherein the bearing comprises metallic securing plates located opposite one another and a rubber-elastically deformable damping element extending between the securing plates, having a tool comprising parallel mounting plates located opposite one another, wherein each respective parallel mounting plate is configured to be mounted to a respective securing plate of a bearing to be removed or installed; and a turnbuckle, via which the parallel mounting plates located opposite one another are operatively connected, comprising:
actuating the turnbuckle of the tool to move the parallel mounting plates of the tool towards one another, so that a distance between outer surfaces of the parallel mounting plates of the tool facing away from one another is smaller than a distance between inner surfaces of the securing plates of the bearing to be removed facing one another, which acts on the engine mounting frame and base; actuating the turnbuckle of the tool to move the parallel mounting plates of the tool away from one another so that the outer surfaces of the parallel mounting plates come to lie against the inner surfaces of the securing plates of the bearing to be removed; mounting the parallel mounting plates of the tool to the securing plates of the bearing and disconnecting the securing plates of the bearing to be removed from engine mounting frame and base; actuating the turnbuckle of the tool to move the parallel mounting plates of the tool and the securing plates of the bearing to be removed toward one another while tensioning the rubber-elastically deformable damping element of the bearing to be removed; and removing the bearing to be removed and inserting a bearing to be installed. 22. The method according to claim 21, further comprising:
mounting the parallel mounting plates of the tool to the securing plates of the bearing to be installed; actuating the turnbuckle of the tool to move the parallel mounting plates of the tool and the securing plates of the bearing to be installed towards one another while tensioning the rubber-elastically deformable damping element of the bearing to be installed, so that a distance between outer surfaces of the securing plates of the bearing to be installed facing away from one another is smaller than a distance between inner surfaces of engine mounting frame and base facing one another; positioning the bearing to be installed between engine mounting frame and base; actuating the turnbuckle of the tool to move the parallel mounting plates of the tool away from one another, so that the outer surfaces of the securing plates of the bearing to be installed come to lie against the inner surfaces of engine mounting frame and base; mounting the securing plates of the bearing to be installed to engine mounting frame and base; and disconnecting the parallel mounting plates of the tool from the securing plates of the bearing to be installed. | 2,600 |
349,202 | 350,076 | 16,757,858 | 1,722 | A cathode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery containing a lithium metal composition oxide powder, wherein the lithium metal composition oxide powder is represented by a general formula: LizNi1−x−y−tCoxAlyMtO2+α (where 0<x≤0.15, 0<y≤0.07, 0≤t≤0.1, x+y+t≤0.16, 0.95≤z≤1.03, 0≤α≤0.15), and M is one or more elements selected from Mg, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W), and wherein Al/(Ni+Co), which is a mass ratio of Al relative to Ni+Co in the lithium metal composition oxide powder after the lithium metal composition oxide powder of 1 kg is water washed of 750 mL, is 90% or higher of that of the lithium metal composition oxide powder before water washing. | 1. A cathode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery containing a lithium metal composition oxide powder,
wherein the lithium metal composition oxide powder is represented by a general formula: LizNi1−x−y−tCoxAlyMtO2+α (where 0<x≤0.15, 0<y≤0.07, 0≤t≤0.1, x+y+t≤0.16, 0.95≤z≤1.03, 0≤α≤0.15), and M is one or more elements selected from Mg, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W), and wherein Al/(Ni+Co), which is a mass ratio of Al relative to Ni+Co in the lithium metal composition oxide powder after the lithium metal composition oxide powder of 1 kg is water washed of 750 mL, is 90% or higher of that of the lithium metal composition oxide powder before water washing. 2. The cathode active material for the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery containing a lithium metal composition oxide powder according to claim 1,
wherein Al/(Ni+Co), which is the mass ratio of Al relative to Ni+Co in the lithium metal composition oxide powder after the lithium metal composition oxide powder of 1 kg is water washed of 750 mL, is 98% or higher of that of the lithium metal composition oxide powder before water washing, and wherein when the lithium metal composition oxide powder is washed with water of 750 mL, Al/(Ni+Co) is the mass ratio of Al of the lithium metal composition oxide powder after water washing to the amount of Ni and Co, and is greater than 98% of Al/(Ni+Co) of the lithium metal composition oxide powder before water washing, wherein, in a case where an alkali content in a slurry, which is obtained by mixing the lithium metal composition oxide powder and a liquid, is regarded as lithium existing on a surface of the particle of the lithium metal composition oxide powder, a ratio of the lithium on the surface of the particle of the lithium metal composition oxide powder, which is obtained by neutralizing and titrating the alkali content in the slurry with an acid, relative to the lithium metal composition oxide powder is 0.1% by mass or smaller. 3. The cathode active material for the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery containing a lithium metal composition oxide powder according to claim 1,
wherein an aluminum concentration contained in filtrate obtained by adding water of 36 mL to the lithium metal composition oxide powder of 45 g, stirring for 15 minutes, and then separating into solid and liquid, is 1.3 g/L or smaller. 4. A method of manufacturing a cathode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, the method comprising:
a mixing step of mixing a nickel composition oxide represented by a general formula: Ni1−x−y−tCoxAlyMtO1+b (where 0<x≤0.15, 0<y≤0.07, 0≤t≤0.1, x+y+t≤0.16, −0.10≤b≤0.15), and M is one or more elements selected from Mg, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W) with a lithium compound to prepare a raw material mixture; and a firing step of filling a firing vessel with the raw material mixture so as to have a thickness of t(mm) and performing heat treatment under an atmosphere having an oxygen concentration of 60% by volume or higher and produce a lithium metal composition oxide powder, and wherein conditions of the heat treatment until an end of a retention at a maximum reaching temperature in the firing step satisfy the following conditions (1) to (4):
condition (1): a firing time Ta (min) in a temperature range of 450° C. or higher and 650° C. or lower satisfies a relationship of Ta≥1.15t with the thickness t(mm) of the raw material mixture filled in the firing vessel;
condition (2): the maximum reaching temperature is between 730° C. or higher and 780° C. or lower;
condition (3): a holding time Tb at the maximum reaching temperature is 30 minutes or longer; and
condition (4): a total firing time in the temperature range of 650° C. or higher and the maximum reaching temperature or lower is 30 minutes or longer. 5. The method of manufacturing the cathode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to claim 4, the method further comprising:
a water washing step of water washing the lithium metal composition oxide powder obtained in the firing step. 6. The method of manufacturing the cathode active material for the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to claim 5,
wherein the water washing step includes
a slurrying step to obtain slurry by mixing the lithium metal composition oxide powder with water so that a ratio of the lithium metal composition oxide powder of 500 g or more and 2000 g or less and the water of 1 L obtained in the firing step,
a stirring step of stirring the slurry obtained in the slurrying step for 20 minutes or longer and 120 minutes or shorter while maintaining a temperature of the slurry at 10° C. or higher and 40° C. or lower, and
a separating and drying step of filtering the slurry after completion of the stirring step, and drying a resulting solid. 7. A method of evaluating a lithium metal composition oxide powder comprising:
a step of forming slurry by adding water of 36 mL to the lithium metal composition oxide powder of 45 g and stirring for 15 minutes; and a solid-liquid separation step of forming filtrate by applying a solid-liquid separation to the slurry; and a step of evaluating an amount of dissolved aluminum to evaluate an aluminum concentration contained in the filtrate. 8. The method of evaluating the lithium metal composition oxide powder according to claim 7, the method further comprising:
a determining step of passing the lithium metal composition oxide powder when the aluminum concentration contained in the filtrate is 1.3 g/L or lower, the aluminum concentration being evaluated in the step of evaluating the amount of dissolved aluminum. | A cathode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery containing a lithium metal composition oxide powder, wherein the lithium metal composition oxide powder is represented by a general formula: LizNi1−x−y−tCoxAlyMtO2+α (where 0<x≤0.15, 0<y≤0.07, 0≤t≤0.1, x+y+t≤0.16, 0.95≤z≤1.03, 0≤α≤0.15), and M is one or more elements selected from Mg, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W), and wherein Al/(Ni+Co), which is a mass ratio of Al relative to Ni+Co in the lithium metal composition oxide powder after the lithium metal composition oxide powder of 1 kg is water washed of 750 mL, is 90% or higher of that of the lithium metal composition oxide powder before water washing.1. A cathode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery containing a lithium metal composition oxide powder,
wherein the lithium metal composition oxide powder is represented by a general formula: LizNi1−x−y−tCoxAlyMtO2+α (where 0<x≤0.15, 0<y≤0.07, 0≤t≤0.1, x+y+t≤0.16, 0.95≤z≤1.03, 0≤α≤0.15), and M is one or more elements selected from Mg, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W), and wherein Al/(Ni+Co), which is a mass ratio of Al relative to Ni+Co in the lithium metal composition oxide powder after the lithium metal composition oxide powder of 1 kg is water washed of 750 mL, is 90% or higher of that of the lithium metal composition oxide powder before water washing. 2. The cathode active material for the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery containing a lithium metal composition oxide powder according to claim 1,
wherein Al/(Ni+Co), which is the mass ratio of Al relative to Ni+Co in the lithium metal composition oxide powder after the lithium metal composition oxide powder of 1 kg is water washed of 750 mL, is 98% or higher of that of the lithium metal composition oxide powder before water washing, and wherein when the lithium metal composition oxide powder is washed with water of 750 mL, Al/(Ni+Co) is the mass ratio of Al of the lithium metal composition oxide powder after water washing to the amount of Ni and Co, and is greater than 98% of Al/(Ni+Co) of the lithium metal composition oxide powder before water washing, wherein, in a case where an alkali content in a slurry, which is obtained by mixing the lithium metal composition oxide powder and a liquid, is regarded as lithium existing on a surface of the particle of the lithium metal composition oxide powder, a ratio of the lithium on the surface of the particle of the lithium metal composition oxide powder, which is obtained by neutralizing and titrating the alkali content in the slurry with an acid, relative to the lithium metal composition oxide powder is 0.1% by mass or smaller. 3. The cathode active material for the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery containing a lithium metal composition oxide powder according to claim 1,
wherein an aluminum concentration contained in filtrate obtained by adding water of 36 mL to the lithium metal composition oxide powder of 45 g, stirring for 15 minutes, and then separating into solid and liquid, is 1.3 g/L or smaller. 4. A method of manufacturing a cathode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, the method comprising:
a mixing step of mixing a nickel composition oxide represented by a general formula: Ni1−x−y−tCoxAlyMtO1+b (where 0<x≤0.15, 0<y≤0.07, 0≤t≤0.1, x+y+t≤0.16, −0.10≤b≤0.15), and M is one or more elements selected from Mg, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W) with a lithium compound to prepare a raw material mixture; and a firing step of filling a firing vessel with the raw material mixture so as to have a thickness of t(mm) and performing heat treatment under an atmosphere having an oxygen concentration of 60% by volume or higher and produce a lithium metal composition oxide powder, and wherein conditions of the heat treatment until an end of a retention at a maximum reaching temperature in the firing step satisfy the following conditions (1) to (4):
condition (1): a firing time Ta (min) in a temperature range of 450° C. or higher and 650° C. or lower satisfies a relationship of Ta≥1.15t with the thickness t(mm) of the raw material mixture filled in the firing vessel;
condition (2): the maximum reaching temperature is between 730° C. or higher and 780° C. or lower;
condition (3): a holding time Tb at the maximum reaching temperature is 30 minutes or longer; and
condition (4): a total firing time in the temperature range of 650° C. or higher and the maximum reaching temperature or lower is 30 minutes or longer. 5. The method of manufacturing the cathode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to claim 4, the method further comprising:
a water washing step of water washing the lithium metal composition oxide powder obtained in the firing step. 6. The method of manufacturing the cathode active material for the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to claim 5,
wherein the water washing step includes
a slurrying step to obtain slurry by mixing the lithium metal composition oxide powder with water so that a ratio of the lithium metal composition oxide powder of 500 g or more and 2000 g or less and the water of 1 L obtained in the firing step,
a stirring step of stirring the slurry obtained in the slurrying step for 20 minutes or longer and 120 minutes or shorter while maintaining a temperature of the slurry at 10° C. or higher and 40° C. or lower, and
a separating and drying step of filtering the slurry after completion of the stirring step, and drying a resulting solid. 7. A method of evaluating a lithium metal composition oxide powder comprising:
a step of forming slurry by adding water of 36 mL to the lithium metal composition oxide powder of 45 g and stirring for 15 minutes; and a solid-liquid separation step of forming filtrate by applying a solid-liquid separation to the slurry; and a step of evaluating an amount of dissolved aluminum to evaluate an aluminum concentration contained in the filtrate. 8. The method of evaluating the lithium metal composition oxide powder according to claim 7, the method further comprising:
a determining step of passing the lithium metal composition oxide powder when the aluminum concentration contained in the filtrate is 1.3 g/L or lower, the aluminum concentration being evaluated in the step of evaluating the amount of dissolved aluminum. | 1,700 |
349,203 | 350,077 | 16,757,795 | 1,722 | A cutting tool may include a main body extended from a first end to a second end. The main body may be rotatable around a rotation axis. The main body may include a first cutting edge, a second cutting edge, a first flute and a second flute. The first flute may be extended from the first cutting edge toward the second end. The second flute may be extended from the second cutting edge toward the second end. The first flute may include a first hole located in the main body. The second flute may include a second hole located in the main body. The first hole may have a circular shape and the second hole may have a long narrow shape in a circumferential direction of the rotation axis in a cross section orthogonal to the rotation axis. | 1. A cutting tool, comprising:
a main body having a bar shape extended from a first end to a second end, the main body being rotatable around a rotation axis, wherein the main body comprises
a first cutting edge located on a side of the first end,
a second cutting edge located on a side of the first end and located closer to an outer periphery of the main body than the first cutting edge,
a first flute extended from the first cutting edge toward the second end, and
a second flute extended from the second cutting edge toward the second end,
the first flute comprises a first hole located in the main body, the second flute comprises a second hole located in the main body, and the first hole has a circular shape and the second hole has a long narrow shape in a circumferential direction of the rotation axis in a cross section orthogonal to the rotation axis. 2. The cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein the first cutting edge crosses the rotation axis and the second cutting edge is located away from the rotation axis. 3. The cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein the main body comprises a part whose thickness from an outer peripheral surface to the second hole is kept constant in the cross section orthogonal to the rotation axis. 4. The cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein the second hole comprises a portion having a convex curved surface shape located on a side of the rotation axis in the cross section orthogonal to the rotation axis. 5. The cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein a thickness of the main body from the rotation axis to the second hole is larger than a thickness of the main body from the central axis to the first hole in the cross section orthogonal to the rotation axis. 6. The cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein the main body is formed by
a cutting part located on a side of the first end, a holding part located on a side of the second end, and a flange part located between the cutting part and the holding part and having a larger outer diameter than the cutting part and the holding part, the first flute further comprises a first discharge port located closer to the second end than the first hole, the second flute further comprises a second discharge port located closer to the second end than the second hole, and at least a part of the first discharge port and the second discharge port is located on the flange part. 7. The cutting tool according to claim 6, wherein the flange part comprises:
a small diameter part located on a side of the first end and having a smaller diameter as going toward the first end, and a large diameter part located closer to the second end than the small diameter part and having a constant diameter, and at least a part of the first discharge port and the second discharge port is located on the small diameter part. 8. The cutting tool according claim 6, wherein the first discharge port is located closer to the second end than the second discharge port. 9. The cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein
the main body further comprises a flow path located therein, the flow path comprises
a first flow path located on a side of the second end,
an inflow port connecting to the first flow path,
a plurality of second flow paths extended from the first flow path toward the first end, and
a plurality of outflow ports individually connecting to end portions on a side of the first end in the plurality of second flow paths, and
the first flow path has a long narrow shape extended in an inclined direction relative to an imaginary straight line connecting to a center of the first hole and a center of the second hole in the cross section orthogonal to the rotation axis. 10. The cutting tool according to claim 9, wherein the first flow path has a long narrow shape extended in a direction orthogonal to the imaginary straight line in the cross section orthogonal to the rotation axis. 11. The cutting tool according to claim 9, wherein
the first flow path comprises, in the cross section orthogonal to the rotation axis,
a first portion located on the imaginary straight line,
a second portion located away from the first portion, and
a width in a direction along the imaginary straight line in the second portion is larger than a width in a direction along the imaginary straight line in the first portion. 12. The cutting tool according to claim 9, wherein an end portion on a side of the outer periphery in the second portion is located more away from the rotation axis than the first hole and the second hole in the cross section orthogonal to the rotation axis. 13. A method for manufacturing a machined product, comprising:
rotating the cutting tool according to claim 1; bringing the cutting tool being rotated into contact with a workpiece; and moving the cutting tool away from the workpiece. | A cutting tool may include a main body extended from a first end to a second end. The main body may be rotatable around a rotation axis. The main body may include a first cutting edge, a second cutting edge, a first flute and a second flute. The first flute may be extended from the first cutting edge toward the second end. The second flute may be extended from the second cutting edge toward the second end. The first flute may include a first hole located in the main body. The second flute may include a second hole located in the main body. The first hole may have a circular shape and the second hole may have a long narrow shape in a circumferential direction of the rotation axis in a cross section orthogonal to the rotation axis.1. A cutting tool, comprising:
a main body having a bar shape extended from a first end to a second end, the main body being rotatable around a rotation axis, wherein the main body comprises
a first cutting edge located on a side of the first end,
a second cutting edge located on a side of the first end and located closer to an outer periphery of the main body than the first cutting edge,
a first flute extended from the first cutting edge toward the second end, and
a second flute extended from the second cutting edge toward the second end,
the first flute comprises a first hole located in the main body, the second flute comprises a second hole located in the main body, and the first hole has a circular shape and the second hole has a long narrow shape in a circumferential direction of the rotation axis in a cross section orthogonal to the rotation axis. 2. The cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein the first cutting edge crosses the rotation axis and the second cutting edge is located away from the rotation axis. 3. The cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein the main body comprises a part whose thickness from an outer peripheral surface to the second hole is kept constant in the cross section orthogonal to the rotation axis. 4. The cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein the second hole comprises a portion having a convex curved surface shape located on a side of the rotation axis in the cross section orthogonal to the rotation axis. 5. The cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein a thickness of the main body from the rotation axis to the second hole is larger than a thickness of the main body from the central axis to the first hole in the cross section orthogonal to the rotation axis. 6. The cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein the main body is formed by
a cutting part located on a side of the first end, a holding part located on a side of the second end, and a flange part located between the cutting part and the holding part and having a larger outer diameter than the cutting part and the holding part, the first flute further comprises a first discharge port located closer to the second end than the first hole, the second flute further comprises a second discharge port located closer to the second end than the second hole, and at least a part of the first discharge port and the second discharge port is located on the flange part. 7. The cutting tool according to claim 6, wherein the flange part comprises:
a small diameter part located on a side of the first end and having a smaller diameter as going toward the first end, and a large diameter part located closer to the second end than the small diameter part and having a constant diameter, and at least a part of the first discharge port and the second discharge port is located on the small diameter part. 8. The cutting tool according claim 6, wherein the first discharge port is located closer to the second end than the second discharge port. 9. The cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein
the main body further comprises a flow path located therein, the flow path comprises
a first flow path located on a side of the second end,
an inflow port connecting to the first flow path,
a plurality of second flow paths extended from the first flow path toward the first end, and
a plurality of outflow ports individually connecting to end portions on a side of the first end in the plurality of second flow paths, and
the first flow path has a long narrow shape extended in an inclined direction relative to an imaginary straight line connecting to a center of the first hole and a center of the second hole in the cross section orthogonal to the rotation axis. 10. The cutting tool according to claim 9, wherein the first flow path has a long narrow shape extended in a direction orthogonal to the imaginary straight line in the cross section orthogonal to the rotation axis. 11. The cutting tool according to claim 9, wherein
the first flow path comprises, in the cross section orthogonal to the rotation axis,
a first portion located on the imaginary straight line,
a second portion located away from the first portion, and
a width in a direction along the imaginary straight line in the second portion is larger than a width in a direction along the imaginary straight line in the first portion. 12. The cutting tool according to claim 9, wherein an end portion on a side of the outer periphery in the second portion is located more away from the rotation axis than the first hole and the second hole in the cross section orthogonal to the rotation axis. 13. A method for manufacturing a machined product, comprising:
rotating the cutting tool according to claim 1; bringing the cutting tool being rotated into contact with a workpiece; and moving the cutting tool away from the workpiece. | 1,700 |
349,204 | 350,078 | 16,757,773 | 1,722 | A compressor arrangement for operating a compressed air supply installation includes a pneumatic compressor and an electric motor arranged inside a drive housing, the electric motor having an internal stator and an external outer rotor. The external outer rotor is arranged in a rotatable manner about the internal stator. The external outer rotor is supported in a rotatable manner about a center axis with respect to the drive housing via a bearing arrangement. The bearing arrangement has at least one bearing. The external outer rotor is supported by the bearing arrangement on an outer circumference of the outer rotor. | 1. A compressor arrangement for operating a compressed air supply installation, the compressor arrangement comprising:
an electric motor which is arranged inside a drive housing, the electric motor having an internal stator and an external outer rotor, wherein the external outer rotor is arranged in a rotatable manner about the internal stator; and a pneumatic compressor, wherein the external outer rotor is supported in a rotatable manner about a center axis with respect to the drive housing via a bearing arrangement, wherein the bearing arrangement has at least one bearing, and wherein the external outer rotor is supported by the bearing arrangement on an outer circumference of the outer rotor. 2. The compressor arrangement as claimed in claim 1, wherein the outer rotor has a flywheel mass weight. 3. The compressor arrangement as claimed in claim 1, wherein the outer rotor has a practically cylindrical eccentric journal which is arranged about an eccentric axis, wherein the eccentric axis is arranged parallel and with a lifting spacing relative to the center axis. 4. The compressor arrangement as claimed in claim 3, wherein the eccentric journal is formed in the form of a formation on a rotor end portion in order to receive a connecting rod via a connecting rod bearing. 5. The compressor arrangement as claimed in claim 1, wherein the drive housing has a drive housing body and a drive housing cover,
wherein the stator is retained on the drive housing cover, and wherein the outer rotor is supported at an inner side of a housing wall of the drive housing body. 6. The compressor arrangement as claimed in claim 1, wherein the drive housing body forms a motor housing and a crankcase of the compressor, wherein the drive housing cover is positioned on a front opening of the drive housing body in a closing manner at the front side. 7. The compressor arrangement as claimed in claim 1, wherein the stator is arranged such that an axis of symmetry of the stator is orientated coaxially with the center axis, wherein a region of the stator surrounding the center axis is constructed in a materially filling manner or is at least partially hollow and free from a rotor shaft. 8. The compressor arrangement as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bearing arrangement has a bearing without an inner ring and/or a bearing without an outer ring. 9. The compressor arrangement as claimed in claim 1, wherein the electric motor is an electronically commutated, brushless direct-current motor having a control circuit comprising an electronic power unit. 10. The compressor arrangement as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bearing is a bearing selected from the group consisting of a sliding bearing, a needle bearing, a ball bearing, a spherical roller bearing, and a cylindrical roller bearing. 11. The compressor arrangement as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bearing arrangement has at least one single-rowed bearing or at least one multi-rowed bearing. 12. The compressor arrangement as claimed in claim 1, wherein the outer rotor is constructed in order to be fixed by magnetic forces acting in the electric motor in an axial direction. 13. The compressor arrangement as claimed in claim 1, wherein the outer rotor is fixed via a bearing in an axial direction. 14. The compressor arrangement as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least one weight is arranged on the external circumference of the outer rotor. 15. The compressor arrangement as claimed in claim 1, wherein the outer rotor is rotatably supported on the drive housing via a bearing remote from the connecting rod and a bearing near the connecting rod, which are arranged with a spacing in an axial direction. 16. The compressor arrangement as claimed in claim 1, wherein the stator is arranged in an axial direction so as to be adjustable on the drive housing cover. 17. A compressed air supply installation, comprising:
a compressor arrangement as claimed in claim 1; an air dryer; and a valve arrangement. 18. A vehicle comprising:
a pneumatic installation; and a compressed air supply installation as claimed in claim 17, wherein the compressed air supply installation as claimed in claim 17 is configured to operate the pneumatic installation. | A compressor arrangement for operating a compressed air supply installation includes a pneumatic compressor and an electric motor arranged inside a drive housing, the electric motor having an internal stator and an external outer rotor. The external outer rotor is arranged in a rotatable manner about the internal stator. The external outer rotor is supported in a rotatable manner about a center axis with respect to the drive housing via a bearing arrangement. The bearing arrangement has at least one bearing. The external outer rotor is supported by the bearing arrangement on an outer circumference of the outer rotor.1. A compressor arrangement for operating a compressed air supply installation, the compressor arrangement comprising:
an electric motor which is arranged inside a drive housing, the electric motor having an internal stator and an external outer rotor, wherein the external outer rotor is arranged in a rotatable manner about the internal stator; and a pneumatic compressor, wherein the external outer rotor is supported in a rotatable manner about a center axis with respect to the drive housing via a bearing arrangement, wherein the bearing arrangement has at least one bearing, and wherein the external outer rotor is supported by the bearing arrangement on an outer circumference of the outer rotor. 2. The compressor arrangement as claimed in claim 1, wherein the outer rotor has a flywheel mass weight. 3. The compressor arrangement as claimed in claim 1, wherein the outer rotor has a practically cylindrical eccentric journal which is arranged about an eccentric axis, wherein the eccentric axis is arranged parallel and with a lifting spacing relative to the center axis. 4. The compressor arrangement as claimed in claim 3, wherein the eccentric journal is formed in the form of a formation on a rotor end portion in order to receive a connecting rod via a connecting rod bearing. 5. The compressor arrangement as claimed in claim 1, wherein the drive housing has a drive housing body and a drive housing cover,
wherein the stator is retained on the drive housing cover, and wherein the outer rotor is supported at an inner side of a housing wall of the drive housing body. 6. The compressor arrangement as claimed in claim 1, wherein the drive housing body forms a motor housing and a crankcase of the compressor, wherein the drive housing cover is positioned on a front opening of the drive housing body in a closing manner at the front side. 7. The compressor arrangement as claimed in claim 1, wherein the stator is arranged such that an axis of symmetry of the stator is orientated coaxially with the center axis, wherein a region of the stator surrounding the center axis is constructed in a materially filling manner or is at least partially hollow and free from a rotor shaft. 8. The compressor arrangement as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bearing arrangement has a bearing without an inner ring and/or a bearing without an outer ring. 9. The compressor arrangement as claimed in claim 1, wherein the electric motor is an electronically commutated, brushless direct-current motor having a control circuit comprising an electronic power unit. 10. The compressor arrangement as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bearing is a bearing selected from the group consisting of a sliding bearing, a needle bearing, a ball bearing, a spherical roller bearing, and a cylindrical roller bearing. 11. The compressor arrangement as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bearing arrangement has at least one single-rowed bearing or at least one multi-rowed bearing. 12. The compressor arrangement as claimed in claim 1, wherein the outer rotor is constructed in order to be fixed by magnetic forces acting in the electric motor in an axial direction. 13. The compressor arrangement as claimed in claim 1, wherein the outer rotor is fixed via a bearing in an axial direction. 14. The compressor arrangement as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least one weight is arranged on the external circumference of the outer rotor. 15. The compressor arrangement as claimed in claim 1, wherein the outer rotor is rotatably supported on the drive housing via a bearing remote from the connecting rod and a bearing near the connecting rod, which are arranged with a spacing in an axial direction. 16. The compressor arrangement as claimed in claim 1, wherein the stator is arranged in an axial direction so as to be adjustable on the drive housing cover. 17. A compressed air supply installation, comprising:
a compressor arrangement as claimed in claim 1; an air dryer; and a valve arrangement. 18. A vehicle comprising:
a pneumatic installation; and a compressed air supply installation as claimed in claim 17, wherein the compressed air supply installation as claimed in claim 17 is configured to operate the pneumatic installation. | 1,700 |
349,205 | 350,079 | 16,757,867 | 2,829 | An organic light emitting diode (OLED) display panel and an electronic device are provided. The OLED display includes an under-screen camera display region and a normal display region surrounding the under-screen camera display region. A pixel density of the under-screen camera display region is less than a pixel density of the normal display region. By lowering the pixel density of the under-screen camera display region, and thereby raising a light transmittance of the under-screen camera display region, an under-screen camera and a true full screen display are realized. | 1. An organic light emitting diode (OLED) display panel comprising:
an under-screen camera display region and a normal display region surrounding the under-screen camera display region, wherein a pixel density of the under-screen camera display region is less than a pixel density of the normal display region. 2. The OLED display panel as claimed in claim 1, comprising:
a plurality of crisscrossed signal lines, wherein an interval between adjacent two of the signal lines in the under-screen camera display region is smaller than an interval between adjacent two of the signal lines in the normal display region. 3. The OLED display panel as claimed in claim 2, further comprising:
a plurality of auxiliary metal lines and a black light-shielding layer covering each of the auxiliary metal lines, wherein the plurality of auxiliary metal lines are located in the under-screen camera display region, and each of the auxiliary metal lines correspondingly covers at least adjacent two of the signal lines. 4. The OLED display panel as claimed in claim 3, wherein a planarization layer is disposed below the auxiliary metal lines, the planarization layer forms grooves having one-to-one correspondence to the auxiliary metal lines, and each of the auxiliary metal lines and the black light-shielding layer covering each of the auxiliary metal lines are all located in a corresponding one of the grooves. 5. The OLED display panel as claimed in claim 4, wherein an upper surface of the black light shielding layer is flush with an upper surface of the planarization layer. 6. An electronic device, comprising:
an OLED display panel and a camera, wherein the OLED display panel includes an under-screen camera display region and a normal display region surrounding the under-screen camera display region, a pixel density of the under-screen camera display region is less than a pixel density of the normal display region, and the camera is disposed under the under-screen camera display region. 7. The electronic device as claimed in claim 6, further comprising a polarizer disposed on the OLED display panel, wherein the polarizer is provided with an opening in a region corresponding to the under-screen camera display region. 8. The electronic device as claimed in claim 6, wherein the OLED display panel includes a plurality of crisscrossed signal lines, wherein an interval between adjacent two of the signal lines in the under-screen camera display region is smaller than an interval between adjacent two of the signal lines in the normal display region. 9. The electronic device as claimed in claim 8, wherein the OLED display panel further includes a plurality of auxiliary metal lines and a black light-shielding layer covering each of the auxiliary metal lines, wherein the plurality of auxiliary metal lines are located in the under-screen camera display region, and each of the auxiliary metal lines correspondingly covers at least adjacent two of the signal lines. 10. The electronic device as claimed in claim 9, wherein a planarization layer is disposed below the auxiliary metal lines, the planarization layer forms grooves having one-to-one correspondence to the auxiliary metal lines, each of the auxiliary metal lines and the black light-shielding layer covering each of the auxiliary metal lines are all located in a corresponding one of the grooves, and an upper surface of the black light shielding layer is flush with an upper surface of the planarization layer. | An organic light emitting diode (OLED) display panel and an electronic device are provided. The OLED display includes an under-screen camera display region and a normal display region surrounding the under-screen camera display region. A pixel density of the under-screen camera display region is less than a pixel density of the normal display region. By lowering the pixel density of the under-screen camera display region, and thereby raising a light transmittance of the under-screen camera display region, an under-screen camera and a true full screen display are realized.1. An organic light emitting diode (OLED) display panel comprising:
an under-screen camera display region and a normal display region surrounding the under-screen camera display region, wherein a pixel density of the under-screen camera display region is less than a pixel density of the normal display region. 2. The OLED display panel as claimed in claim 1, comprising:
a plurality of crisscrossed signal lines, wherein an interval between adjacent two of the signal lines in the under-screen camera display region is smaller than an interval between adjacent two of the signal lines in the normal display region. 3. The OLED display panel as claimed in claim 2, further comprising:
a plurality of auxiliary metal lines and a black light-shielding layer covering each of the auxiliary metal lines, wherein the plurality of auxiliary metal lines are located in the under-screen camera display region, and each of the auxiliary metal lines correspondingly covers at least adjacent two of the signal lines. 4. The OLED display panel as claimed in claim 3, wherein a planarization layer is disposed below the auxiliary metal lines, the planarization layer forms grooves having one-to-one correspondence to the auxiliary metal lines, and each of the auxiliary metal lines and the black light-shielding layer covering each of the auxiliary metal lines are all located in a corresponding one of the grooves. 5. The OLED display panel as claimed in claim 4, wherein an upper surface of the black light shielding layer is flush with an upper surface of the planarization layer. 6. An electronic device, comprising:
an OLED display panel and a camera, wherein the OLED display panel includes an under-screen camera display region and a normal display region surrounding the under-screen camera display region, a pixel density of the under-screen camera display region is less than a pixel density of the normal display region, and the camera is disposed under the under-screen camera display region. 7. The electronic device as claimed in claim 6, further comprising a polarizer disposed on the OLED display panel, wherein the polarizer is provided with an opening in a region corresponding to the under-screen camera display region. 8. The electronic device as claimed in claim 6, wherein the OLED display panel includes a plurality of crisscrossed signal lines, wherein an interval between adjacent two of the signal lines in the under-screen camera display region is smaller than an interval between adjacent two of the signal lines in the normal display region. 9. The electronic device as claimed in claim 8, wherein the OLED display panel further includes a plurality of auxiliary metal lines and a black light-shielding layer covering each of the auxiliary metal lines, wherein the plurality of auxiliary metal lines are located in the under-screen camera display region, and each of the auxiliary metal lines correspondingly covers at least adjacent two of the signal lines. 10. The electronic device as claimed in claim 9, wherein a planarization layer is disposed below the auxiliary metal lines, the planarization layer forms grooves having one-to-one correspondence to the auxiliary metal lines, each of the auxiliary metal lines and the black light-shielding layer covering each of the auxiliary metal lines are all located in a corresponding one of the grooves, and an upper surface of the black light shielding layer is flush with an upper surface of the planarization layer. | 2,800 |
349,206 | 350,080 | 16,757,823 | 2,829 | A modified EGF protein, a production method therefor, and a use thereof are disclosed. The modified EGF protein allows an effective delivery of EGF into the cell and exhibits an enhanced half-life span. A method for producing the modified EGF protein includes culturing conditions where host cell growth phase and protein expression phase employ different temperature conditions. A use of the modified EGF protein is also disclosed. | 1. A modified EGF protein having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4. 2. The modified EGF protein of claim 1, wherein the modified EGF protein having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4 is encoded by the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5. 3. An expression vector comprising a polynucleotide encoding the modified EGF protein of claim 1. 4. A host cell transfected with the expression vector of claim 3. 5. The host cell of claim 4, wherein the host cell is a Chinese hamster ovary cell (CHO cell). 6. A method for producing a modified EGF protein, comprising the steps of:
1) culturing a host cell which comprises a nucleic acid encoding the modified EGF protein at a temperature of 35° C. to 38° C.; and 2) culturing the host cell under conditions for expression of the modified EGF protein at a temperature of 32° C. to 34° C. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the culture in step 1) is performed for 3 to 8 days. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the culture temperature in step 1) is about 37° C. 9. The method of claim 6, wherein the culture in step 1) is performed at a pH condition of 6.8 to 7.3. 10. The method of claim 6, wherein the culture in step 2) is performed for 7 to 12 days. 11. The method of claim 6, wherein the culture temperature in step 2) is about 33° C. 12. The method of claim 6, wherein the culture in step 2) is performed at a pH condition of 6.8 to 7.1. 13. The method of claim 6, wherein the step 1) is performed until the number of cells reaches 6×106 to 9×106 cells/ml, and the step 2) is performed with the temperature adjusted to 32° C. to 34° C. 14. The method of claim 6, wherein the culture in step 1) and/or step 2) is fed-batch culture. 15. The method of claim 6, further comprising purifying the modified EGF protein obtained from a culture solution. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the purification is carried out by affinity chromatography. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein a Protein A-coupled resin is used in the affinity chromatography. 18. The method of claim 6, wherein the host cell is a Chinese hamster ovary cell (CHO cell). 19. The method of claim 6, wherein the modified EGF protein has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 or SEQ ID NO: 4. 20. A composition comprising as an active ingredient the modified EGF protein of claim 1. 21. The composition of claim 20, which is a cosmetic composition. 22. The composition of claim 20, which is a pharmaceutical composition and further comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 23. (canceled) 24. A method of improving skin condition and/or treating skin disease, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of the composition of claim 20. 25. The method of claim 24, comprising applying the composition to a target site of skin of the subject. 26. The method of claim 25, wherein the improving skin condition is selected from the group consisting of inhibition of wrinkle formation, inhibition of skin aging, improvement in skin elasticity, skin regeneration, injury or wound healing, corneal regeneration, alleviation of skin irritation, and a combination thereof. 27. The method of claim 24, wherein the skin disease is selected from the group consisting of foot ulcer, pressure ulcer, oral mucositis, burn, and a combination thereof. | A modified EGF protein, a production method therefor, and a use thereof are disclosed. The modified EGF protein allows an effective delivery of EGF into the cell and exhibits an enhanced half-life span. A method for producing the modified EGF protein includes culturing conditions where host cell growth phase and protein expression phase employ different temperature conditions. A use of the modified EGF protein is also disclosed.1. A modified EGF protein having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4. 2. The modified EGF protein of claim 1, wherein the modified EGF protein having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4 is encoded by the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5. 3. An expression vector comprising a polynucleotide encoding the modified EGF protein of claim 1. 4. A host cell transfected with the expression vector of claim 3. 5. The host cell of claim 4, wherein the host cell is a Chinese hamster ovary cell (CHO cell). 6. A method for producing a modified EGF protein, comprising the steps of:
1) culturing a host cell which comprises a nucleic acid encoding the modified EGF protein at a temperature of 35° C. to 38° C.; and 2) culturing the host cell under conditions for expression of the modified EGF protein at a temperature of 32° C. to 34° C. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the culture in step 1) is performed for 3 to 8 days. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the culture temperature in step 1) is about 37° C. 9. The method of claim 6, wherein the culture in step 1) is performed at a pH condition of 6.8 to 7.3. 10. The method of claim 6, wherein the culture in step 2) is performed for 7 to 12 days. 11. The method of claim 6, wherein the culture temperature in step 2) is about 33° C. 12. The method of claim 6, wherein the culture in step 2) is performed at a pH condition of 6.8 to 7.1. 13. The method of claim 6, wherein the step 1) is performed until the number of cells reaches 6×106 to 9×106 cells/ml, and the step 2) is performed with the temperature adjusted to 32° C. to 34° C. 14. The method of claim 6, wherein the culture in step 1) and/or step 2) is fed-batch culture. 15. The method of claim 6, further comprising purifying the modified EGF protein obtained from a culture solution. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the purification is carried out by affinity chromatography. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein a Protein A-coupled resin is used in the affinity chromatography. 18. The method of claim 6, wherein the host cell is a Chinese hamster ovary cell (CHO cell). 19. The method of claim 6, wherein the modified EGF protein has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 or SEQ ID NO: 4. 20. A composition comprising as an active ingredient the modified EGF protein of claim 1. 21. The composition of claim 20, which is a cosmetic composition. 22. The composition of claim 20, which is a pharmaceutical composition and further comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 23. (canceled) 24. A method of improving skin condition and/or treating skin disease, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of the composition of claim 20. 25. The method of claim 24, comprising applying the composition to a target site of skin of the subject. 26. The method of claim 25, wherein the improving skin condition is selected from the group consisting of inhibition of wrinkle formation, inhibition of skin aging, improvement in skin elasticity, skin regeneration, injury or wound healing, corneal regeneration, alleviation of skin irritation, and a combination thereof. 27. The method of claim 24, wherein the skin disease is selected from the group consisting of foot ulcer, pressure ulcer, oral mucositis, burn, and a combination thereof. | 2,800 |
349,207 | 350,081 | 16,757,827 | 2,829 | A monolithic thermocasting system for thermocasting polymer and solid material and method of use having an internal frame system; an external frame system disposed external to the internal frame system; a mold cavity formed between the internal frame system and the external frame system, the mold cavity sized to receive the polymer and solid material and shaped to form an architectural member; a duct; and a heater element disposed in the duct for outputting thermal energy to the mold cavity to heat the polymer and solid material, the thermal energy being sufficient to thermocast the polymer and solid material to a combined building material. | 1. A monolithic thermocasting system for thermocasting polymer and solid material, the monolithic thermocasting system comprising:
an internal frame system; an external frame system disposed external to the internal frame system; a mold cavity formed between the internal frame system and the external frame system, the mold cavity sized to receive the polymer and solid material and shaped to form an architectural member; a duct; and a heater element disposed in the duct configured for outputting thermal energy to the mold cavity to heat the polymer and solid material, the thermal energy being sufficient to thermocast the polymer and solid material to a combined building material. 2. The monolithic thermocasting system according to claim 1, wherein the duct is positioned within the internal frame system. 3. The monolithic thermocasting system according to claim 1, wherein the duct is positioned between the internal frame system and the external frame system. 4. The monolithic thermocasting system according to claim 1, wherein the internal frame system comprises a metallic frame and surface system. 5. The monolithic thermocasting system according to claim 1, wherein the internal frame system comprises a wood-based frame and surface system. 6. The monolithic thermocasting system according to claim 1, wherein the external frame system comprises an insulation member. 7. The monolithic thermocasting system according to claim 1, wherein the external frame system comprises a metallic frame and surface system. 8. The monolithic thermocasting system according to claim 1, wherein the external frame system comprises a wood-based frame and surface system. 9. The monolithic thermocasting system according to claim 1 further comprising a blower in fluid communication with the duct to distribute the thermal energy within at least one of the duct and the mold cavity. 10. A method of monolithic thermocasting of a combination polymer and solid material for architectural purposes, the method comprising:
obtaining a polymer; obtaining a solid material; combining the polymer and the solid material to form a combination mixture; inserting the combination mixture within a mold cavity of a monolithic thermocasting system; applying heat to the mold cavity to a temperature sufficient to transition the polymer to a liquid phase to produce a conglomerate of polymer and solid material. 11. The method according to claim 10 wherein the polymer is at least partially recycled polymer. 12. The method according to claim 10 wherein the polymer is chosen from the group consisting of Polypropylene (PP) and Polyethylene (PE). 13. The method according to claim 10 wherein the solid material is is chosen from the group consisting of broken brick, concrete rubble, plate glass shards, gravel, and sand. 14. The method according to claim 10 wherein the monolithic thermocasting system comprises:
an internal frame system;
an external frame system disposed external to the internal frame system;
the mold cavity formed between the internal frame system and the external frame system, the mold cavity sized to receive the polymer and solid material and shaped to form an architectural member;
a duct; and
a heater element disposed in the duct for outputting thermal energy to the mold cavity to heat the polymer and solid material, the thermal energy being sufficient to thermocast the polymer and solid material to a combined building material. 15. A thermocasting system for thermocasting polymer and solid material, the thermocasting system comprising:
a mold cavity sized to receive the polymer and solid material and shaped to form an architectural member; a heater element configured for outputting thermal energy to the mold cavity to heat the polymer and solid material, the thermal energy being sufficient to thermocast the polymer and solid material to a combined building material; and a. manipulation device configured to rotate the mold cavity and heater element simultaneously with thermocasting the polymer and solid material. | A monolithic thermocasting system for thermocasting polymer and solid material and method of use having an internal frame system; an external frame system disposed external to the internal frame system; a mold cavity formed between the internal frame system and the external frame system, the mold cavity sized to receive the polymer and solid material and shaped to form an architectural member; a duct; and a heater element disposed in the duct for outputting thermal energy to the mold cavity to heat the polymer and solid material, the thermal energy being sufficient to thermocast the polymer and solid material to a combined building material.1. A monolithic thermocasting system for thermocasting polymer and solid material, the monolithic thermocasting system comprising:
an internal frame system; an external frame system disposed external to the internal frame system; a mold cavity formed between the internal frame system and the external frame system, the mold cavity sized to receive the polymer and solid material and shaped to form an architectural member; a duct; and a heater element disposed in the duct configured for outputting thermal energy to the mold cavity to heat the polymer and solid material, the thermal energy being sufficient to thermocast the polymer and solid material to a combined building material. 2. The monolithic thermocasting system according to claim 1, wherein the duct is positioned within the internal frame system. 3. The monolithic thermocasting system according to claim 1, wherein the duct is positioned between the internal frame system and the external frame system. 4. The monolithic thermocasting system according to claim 1, wherein the internal frame system comprises a metallic frame and surface system. 5. The monolithic thermocasting system according to claim 1, wherein the internal frame system comprises a wood-based frame and surface system. 6. The monolithic thermocasting system according to claim 1, wherein the external frame system comprises an insulation member. 7. The monolithic thermocasting system according to claim 1, wherein the external frame system comprises a metallic frame and surface system. 8. The monolithic thermocasting system according to claim 1, wherein the external frame system comprises a wood-based frame and surface system. 9. The monolithic thermocasting system according to claim 1 further comprising a blower in fluid communication with the duct to distribute the thermal energy within at least one of the duct and the mold cavity. 10. A method of monolithic thermocasting of a combination polymer and solid material for architectural purposes, the method comprising:
obtaining a polymer; obtaining a solid material; combining the polymer and the solid material to form a combination mixture; inserting the combination mixture within a mold cavity of a monolithic thermocasting system; applying heat to the mold cavity to a temperature sufficient to transition the polymer to a liquid phase to produce a conglomerate of polymer and solid material. 11. The method according to claim 10 wherein the polymer is at least partially recycled polymer. 12. The method according to claim 10 wherein the polymer is chosen from the group consisting of Polypropylene (PP) and Polyethylene (PE). 13. The method according to claim 10 wherein the solid material is is chosen from the group consisting of broken brick, concrete rubble, plate glass shards, gravel, and sand. 14. The method according to claim 10 wherein the monolithic thermocasting system comprises:
an internal frame system;
an external frame system disposed external to the internal frame system;
the mold cavity formed between the internal frame system and the external frame system, the mold cavity sized to receive the polymer and solid material and shaped to form an architectural member;
a duct; and
a heater element disposed in the duct for outputting thermal energy to the mold cavity to heat the polymer and solid material, the thermal energy being sufficient to thermocast the polymer and solid material to a combined building material. 15. A thermocasting system for thermocasting polymer and solid material, the thermocasting system comprising:
a mold cavity sized to receive the polymer and solid material and shaped to form an architectural member; a heater element configured for outputting thermal energy to the mold cavity to heat the polymer and solid material, the thermal energy being sufficient to thermocast the polymer and solid material to a combined building material; and a. manipulation device configured to rotate the mold cavity and heater element simultaneously with thermocasting the polymer and solid material. | 2,800 |
349,208 | 350,082 | 16,757,825 | 2,829 | A method for conversion of a composition containing HCFO-1233zd(Z) and HCFC-244fa to form HCFO-1233zd(E) by reacting a mixture including HCFO-1233zd(Z) and HCFC-244fa in a vapor phase in the presence of a catalyst to simultaneously isomerize HCFO-1233zd(Z) to form HCFO-1233zd(E) and dehydrohalogenate HCFC-244fa to form HCFO-1233zd(E). The catalyst may be a chromium-based catalyst such as chromium trifluoride, chromium oxyfluoride, or chromium oxide, for example. | 1. A method for simultaneous conversion of a mixture of HCFO-1233zd(Z) and HCFC-244fa to form HCFO-1233zd(E), comprising the steps of:
providing a mixture including HCFO-1233zd(Z) and HCFC-244fa; and reacting the HCFO-1233zd(Z) and HCFC-244fa mixture in a vapor phase in the presence of a catalyst to simultaneously isomerize HCFO-1233zd(Z) to form HCFO-1233zd(E) and dehydrohalogenate HCFC-244fa to form HCFO-1233zd(E). 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the catalyst is a chromium-based catalyst. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the catalyst comprises a catalyst selected from the group consisting of chromium trifluoride (CrF3), chromium oxide (Cr2O3), and chromium oxyfluoride (CrxOyFz, where x may be 1 or 2, y may be 1 or 2, and z may be 1, 2, or 4), and combinations thereof. 4.-10. (canceled) 11. The method of claim 1, wherein said reacting step is conducted at a temperature between 80° C. and 170° C. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein said reacting step is conducted at a temperature between 100° C. and 275° C. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein a contact time between the composition and the catalyst is between 1 second and 150 seconds. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein a pressure in the reactor is between 0 psig and 100 psig. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein during the reacting step, the reactor includes less than 50 ppm water. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein in the providing step, total impurities are present in an amount less than 10 wt. %, based on the total weight of the composition. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein in the providing step, any compounds other than HCFO-1233zd(Z) and HCFC-244fa are present in an amount less than 6 wt. %, based on the total weight of the composition. 18. The method of claim 1, wherein in the providing step, any compounds other than HCFO-1233zd(Z) and HCFC-244fa are present in an amount less than 1.5 wt. %, based on the total weight of the composition. 19. The method of claim 1, wherein said reacting step achieves a conversion of HCFO-1233zd(Z) to HCFO-1233zd(E) between 88% and 96%. 20. The method of claim 1, wherein said reacting step achieves a selectivity to HCFO-1233zd(E) between 90% and 97%. 21. The method of claim 1, further comprising, after the reacting step, the additional steps of:
distilling the composition in a distillation column; removing an overhead stream from the distillation column, the overhead stream concentrated in HCFO-1233zd(E); and removing a bottoms stream from the distillation column, the bottoms stream concentrated in HCFO-1233zd(Z) and HCFC-244fa. 22. The method of claim 21, further comprising, after the second removing step, the additional step of recycling the bottoms stream back to the reactor. | A method for conversion of a composition containing HCFO-1233zd(Z) and HCFC-244fa to form HCFO-1233zd(E) by reacting a mixture including HCFO-1233zd(Z) and HCFC-244fa in a vapor phase in the presence of a catalyst to simultaneously isomerize HCFO-1233zd(Z) to form HCFO-1233zd(E) and dehydrohalogenate HCFC-244fa to form HCFO-1233zd(E). The catalyst may be a chromium-based catalyst such as chromium trifluoride, chromium oxyfluoride, or chromium oxide, for example.1. A method for simultaneous conversion of a mixture of HCFO-1233zd(Z) and HCFC-244fa to form HCFO-1233zd(E), comprising the steps of:
providing a mixture including HCFO-1233zd(Z) and HCFC-244fa; and reacting the HCFO-1233zd(Z) and HCFC-244fa mixture in a vapor phase in the presence of a catalyst to simultaneously isomerize HCFO-1233zd(Z) to form HCFO-1233zd(E) and dehydrohalogenate HCFC-244fa to form HCFO-1233zd(E). 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the catalyst is a chromium-based catalyst. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the catalyst comprises a catalyst selected from the group consisting of chromium trifluoride (CrF3), chromium oxide (Cr2O3), and chromium oxyfluoride (CrxOyFz, where x may be 1 or 2, y may be 1 or 2, and z may be 1, 2, or 4), and combinations thereof. 4.-10. (canceled) 11. The method of claim 1, wherein said reacting step is conducted at a temperature between 80° C. and 170° C. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein said reacting step is conducted at a temperature between 100° C. and 275° C. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein a contact time between the composition and the catalyst is between 1 second and 150 seconds. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein a pressure in the reactor is between 0 psig and 100 psig. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein during the reacting step, the reactor includes less than 50 ppm water. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein in the providing step, total impurities are present in an amount less than 10 wt. %, based on the total weight of the composition. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein in the providing step, any compounds other than HCFO-1233zd(Z) and HCFC-244fa are present in an amount less than 6 wt. %, based on the total weight of the composition. 18. The method of claim 1, wherein in the providing step, any compounds other than HCFO-1233zd(Z) and HCFC-244fa are present in an amount less than 1.5 wt. %, based on the total weight of the composition. 19. The method of claim 1, wherein said reacting step achieves a conversion of HCFO-1233zd(Z) to HCFO-1233zd(E) between 88% and 96%. 20. The method of claim 1, wherein said reacting step achieves a selectivity to HCFO-1233zd(E) between 90% and 97%. 21. The method of claim 1, further comprising, after the reacting step, the additional steps of:
distilling the composition in a distillation column; removing an overhead stream from the distillation column, the overhead stream concentrated in HCFO-1233zd(E); and removing a bottoms stream from the distillation column, the bottoms stream concentrated in HCFO-1233zd(Z) and HCFC-244fa. 22. The method of claim 21, further comprising, after the second removing step, the additional step of recycling the bottoms stream back to the reactor. | 2,800 |
349,209 | 350,083 | 16,757,819 | 2,829 | A magnetron sputtering scanning method for manufacturing a silicon carbide optical reflector surface modification layer and improving surface profile includes (1) for a silicon carbide plane mirror to be modified, first utilizing diamond micro-powders to grind and roughly polish an aspherical silicon carbide reflector with a conventional polishing or CCOS numerical control machining method; (2) after the surface profile precision of the silicon carbide reflector satisfies a modification requirement, utilizing a strip-shaped magnetron sputtering source to deposit a compact silicon modification layer on the surface of the silicon carbide reflector; (3) then, utilizing a circular sputtering source to modify and improve the surface profile of the reflector; and (4) finally, finely polishing the modification layer, and achieving the requirements for machining the surface profile and roughness of the reflector. | 1. A magnetron sputtering scanning method for manufacturing a silicon carbide optical reflector surface modification layer and improving surface profile, comprising:
(1) utilizing diamond micro-powders to grind and roughly polish a surface an aspherical silicon carbide reflector with a conventional polishing or CCOS numerical control machining method; (2) after surface profile precision of the aspherical silicon carbide reflector satisfies a modification requirement, utilizing a strip-shaped magnetron sputtering source to deposit a compact silicon modification layer on the surface of the aspherical silicon carbide reflector; (3) after step (2), utilizing a circular sputtering source to modify and improve a surface profile of the aspherical silicon carbide reflector; and (4) after step (3), finely polishing the modification layer, and achieving the requirements for machining the surface profile and roughness of the reflector. 2. The magnetron sputtering scanning method for manufacturing a silicon carbide optical reflector surface modification layer and improving surface profile according to claim 1, wherein the magnetron sputtering sources in steps (2) and (3) are respectively in a strip shape and a circular shape; the size of a long side of the strip-shaped sputtering source is greater than the caliber of the silicon carbide reflector surface to be modified, so as to facilitate initial growth of the silicon carbide reflector surface modification layer; the target calibers of the circular sputtering source have a variety of specifications including Φ40 mm, Φ60 mm and Φ80 mm, so as to match the silicon carbide reflectors in different calibers; a magnetic field structure of the circular sputtering source is optimized, such that a thicknesses of the manufactured modification layer are in a Gaussian distribution, so as to facilitate the surface profile improvement of the silicon carbide reflector surface. 3. The magnetron sputtering scanning method for manufacturing a silicon carbide optical reflector surface modification layer and improving surface profile according to claim 1, wherein before step (1), the silicon carbide reflector is primarily machined to λ/10 (RMS), and then surface modification and surface profile improvement is performed. 4. The magnetron sputtering scanning method for manufacturing a silicon carbide optical reflector surface modification layer and improving surface profile according to claim 1, wherein step (2) further includes: first initially growing the silicon carbide reflector surface modification layer, and using the strip-shaped magnetron sputtering source in a reciprocative manner; a sputtering material is polycrystalline silicon, and a thickness of a film layer is 2 μm-6 μm. 5. The magnetron sputtering scanning method for manufacturing a silicon carbide optical reflector surface modification layer and improving surface profile according to claim 1, wherein step (3) further includes: utilizing the circular sputtering source according to a height distribution situation of the surface profile of the silicon carbide reflector, setting, by a computer, a movement scanning trajectory of a circular silicon target on the surface of the silicon carbide reflector and residence time of the silicon target at different positions on the surface of a workpiece, and improving the surface profile of the silicon carbide reflector surface. | A magnetron sputtering scanning method for manufacturing a silicon carbide optical reflector surface modification layer and improving surface profile includes (1) for a silicon carbide plane mirror to be modified, first utilizing diamond micro-powders to grind and roughly polish an aspherical silicon carbide reflector with a conventional polishing or CCOS numerical control machining method; (2) after the surface profile precision of the silicon carbide reflector satisfies a modification requirement, utilizing a strip-shaped magnetron sputtering source to deposit a compact silicon modification layer on the surface of the silicon carbide reflector; (3) then, utilizing a circular sputtering source to modify and improve the surface profile of the reflector; and (4) finally, finely polishing the modification layer, and achieving the requirements for machining the surface profile and roughness of the reflector.1. A magnetron sputtering scanning method for manufacturing a silicon carbide optical reflector surface modification layer and improving surface profile, comprising:
(1) utilizing diamond micro-powders to grind and roughly polish a surface an aspherical silicon carbide reflector with a conventional polishing or CCOS numerical control machining method; (2) after surface profile precision of the aspherical silicon carbide reflector satisfies a modification requirement, utilizing a strip-shaped magnetron sputtering source to deposit a compact silicon modification layer on the surface of the aspherical silicon carbide reflector; (3) after step (2), utilizing a circular sputtering source to modify and improve a surface profile of the aspherical silicon carbide reflector; and (4) after step (3), finely polishing the modification layer, and achieving the requirements for machining the surface profile and roughness of the reflector. 2. The magnetron sputtering scanning method for manufacturing a silicon carbide optical reflector surface modification layer and improving surface profile according to claim 1, wherein the magnetron sputtering sources in steps (2) and (3) are respectively in a strip shape and a circular shape; the size of a long side of the strip-shaped sputtering source is greater than the caliber of the silicon carbide reflector surface to be modified, so as to facilitate initial growth of the silicon carbide reflector surface modification layer; the target calibers of the circular sputtering source have a variety of specifications including Φ40 mm, Φ60 mm and Φ80 mm, so as to match the silicon carbide reflectors in different calibers; a magnetic field structure of the circular sputtering source is optimized, such that a thicknesses of the manufactured modification layer are in a Gaussian distribution, so as to facilitate the surface profile improvement of the silicon carbide reflector surface. 3. The magnetron sputtering scanning method for manufacturing a silicon carbide optical reflector surface modification layer and improving surface profile according to claim 1, wherein before step (1), the silicon carbide reflector is primarily machined to λ/10 (RMS), and then surface modification and surface profile improvement is performed. 4. The magnetron sputtering scanning method for manufacturing a silicon carbide optical reflector surface modification layer and improving surface profile according to claim 1, wherein step (2) further includes: first initially growing the silicon carbide reflector surface modification layer, and using the strip-shaped magnetron sputtering source in a reciprocative manner; a sputtering material is polycrystalline silicon, and a thickness of a film layer is 2 μm-6 μm. 5. The magnetron sputtering scanning method for manufacturing a silicon carbide optical reflector surface modification layer and improving surface profile according to claim 1, wherein step (3) further includes: utilizing the circular sputtering source according to a height distribution situation of the surface profile of the silicon carbide reflector, setting, by a computer, a movement scanning trajectory of a circular silicon target on the surface of the silicon carbide reflector and residence time of the silicon target at different positions on the surface of a workpiece, and improving the surface profile of the silicon carbide reflector surface. | 2,800 |
349,210 | 350,084 | 16,757,844 | 2,829 | The present disclosure relates to an organic electroluminescent compound, an organic electroluminescent material, and an organic electroluminescent device comprising the same. The organic electroluminescent compound of the present disclosure can provide an organic electroluminescent device having improved lifespan properties compared to the organic electroluminescent device comprising a conventional organic electroluminescent compound. | 1. An organic electroluminescent compound represented by the following formula 1: 2. The organic electroluminescent compound according to claim 1, wherein formula 1 is represented by any one of the following formulae 1-1 to 1-5: 3. The organic electroluminescent compound according to claim 1, wherein the substituents of the substituted (C1-C30)alkyl, the substituted (C3-C30)cycloalkyl, the substituted (C3-C30)cycloalkenyl, the substituted (3- to 7-membered)heterocycloalkyl, the substituted (C6-C30)aryl, the substituted (3- to 30-membered)heteroaryl, and the substituted (C3-C30) mono- or polycyclic, alicyclic, aromatic ring, or the combination thereof in Ar1 to Ar3, R1 to R4, and R12, each independently, are at least one selected from the group consisting of deuterium, halogen, cyano, carboxyl, nitro, hydroxyl, (C1-C30)alkyl, halo(C1-C30)alkyl, (C2-C30)alkenyl, (C2-C30)alkynyl, (C1-C30)alkoxy, (C1-C30)alkylthio, (C3-C30)cycloalkyl; (C3-C30)cycloalkenyl, (3- to 7-membered)heterocycloalkyl, (C6-C30)aryloxy, (C6-C30)arylthio, (C6-C30)aryl-substituted or unsubstituted (5- to 30-membered)heteroaryl, (5- to 30-membered)heteroaryl-substituted or unsubstituted (C6-C30)aryl, tri(C1-C30)alkylsilyl, tri(C6-C30)arylsilyl, di(C1-C30)alkyl(C6-C30)arylsilyl, (C1-C30)alkyldi(C6-C30)arylsilyl, amino, mono- or di-(C1-C30)alkylamino, (C1-C30)alkyl-substituted or unsubstituted mono- or di-(C6-C30)arylamino, (C1-C30)alkyl(C6-C30)arylamino, (C1-C30)alkylcarbonyl, (C1-C30)alkoxycarbonyl, (C6-C30)arylcarbonyl, di(C6-C30)arylboronyl, di(C1-C30)alkylboronyl, (C1-C30)alkyl(C6-C30)arylboronyl, (C6-C30)ar(C1-C30)alkyl, and (C1-C30)alkyl(C6-C30)aryl. 4. The organic electroluminescent compound according to claim 1, wherein formula 1 is represented by any one of the following formulae 2 to 7: 5. The organic electroluminescent compound according to claim 1, wherein at least two of X1 to X3 represent N;
Ar1 to Ar3 each independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted (C6-C25)aryl; R1 to R4, and R12 each independently represent hydrogen or deuterium. 6. The organic electroluminescent compound according to claim 1, wherein the compound represented by formula 1 is selected from the following compounds: 7. An organic electroluminescent material comprising the organic electroluminescent compound according to claim 1. 8. An organic electroluminescent device comprising the organic electroluminescent compound according to claim 1. | The present disclosure relates to an organic electroluminescent compound, an organic electroluminescent material, and an organic electroluminescent device comprising the same. The organic electroluminescent compound of the present disclosure can provide an organic electroluminescent device having improved lifespan properties compared to the organic electroluminescent device comprising a conventional organic electroluminescent compound.1. An organic electroluminescent compound represented by the following formula 1: 2. The organic electroluminescent compound according to claim 1, wherein formula 1 is represented by any one of the following formulae 1-1 to 1-5: 3. The organic electroluminescent compound according to claim 1, wherein the substituents of the substituted (C1-C30)alkyl, the substituted (C3-C30)cycloalkyl, the substituted (C3-C30)cycloalkenyl, the substituted (3- to 7-membered)heterocycloalkyl, the substituted (C6-C30)aryl, the substituted (3- to 30-membered)heteroaryl, and the substituted (C3-C30) mono- or polycyclic, alicyclic, aromatic ring, or the combination thereof in Ar1 to Ar3, R1 to R4, and R12, each independently, are at least one selected from the group consisting of deuterium, halogen, cyano, carboxyl, nitro, hydroxyl, (C1-C30)alkyl, halo(C1-C30)alkyl, (C2-C30)alkenyl, (C2-C30)alkynyl, (C1-C30)alkoxy, (C1-C30)alkylthio, (C3-C30)cycloalkyl; (C3-C30)cycloalkenyl, (3- to 7-membered)heterocycloalkyl, (C6-C30)aryloxy, (C6-C30)arylthio, (C6-C30)aryl-substituted or unsubstituted (5- to 30-membered)heteroaryl, (5- to 30-membered)heteroaryl-substituted or unsubstituted (C6-C30)aryl, tri(C1-C30)alkylsilyl, tri(C6-C30)arylsilyl, di(C1-C30)alkyl(C6-C30)arylsilyl, (C1-C30)alkyldi(C6-C30)arylsilyl, amino, mono- or di-(C1-C30)alkylamino, (C1-C30)alkyl-substituted or unsubstituted mono- or di-(C6-C30)arylamino, (C1-C30)alkyl(C6-C30)arylamino, (C1-C30)alkylcarbonyl, (C1-C30)alkoxycarbonyl, (C6-C30)arylcarbonyl, di(C6-C30)arylboronyl, di(C1-C30)alkylboronyl, (C1-C30)alkyl(C6-C30)arylboronyl, (C6-C30)ar(C1-C30)alkyl, and (C1-C30)alkyl(C6-C30)aryl. 4. The organic electroluminescent compound according to claim 1, wherein formula 1 is represented by any one of the following formulae 2 to 7: 5. The organic electroluminescent compound according to claim 1, wherein at least two of X1 to X3 represent N;
Ar1 to Ar3 each independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted (C6-C25)aryl; R1 to R4, and R12 each independently represent hydrogen or deuterium. 6. The organic electroluminescent compound according to claim 1, wherein the compound represented by formula 1 is selected from the following compounds: 7. An organic electroluminescent material comprising the organic electroluminescent compound according to claim 1. 8. An organic electroluminescent device comprising the organic electroluminescent compound according to claim 1. | 2,800 |
349,211 | 350,085 | 16,757,833 | 2,829 | An object is to provide a light-emitting element with high emission efficiency. The light-emitting element contains first to third organic compounds. The first organic compound has a function of converting triplet excitation energy into light. The second organic compound has a benzofuropyrimidine skeleton or a benzothienopyrimidine skeleton. The third organic compound is a fluorescent compound. Light emitted from the light-emitting element is light emitted from the third organic compound that receives excitation energy from the first organic compound or from an exciplex formed by the first and second organic compounds. | 1. A light-emitting device comprising:
a first electrode; a light-emitting layer over the first electrode, the light-emitting layer comprising:
a first organic compound configured to convert triplet excitation energy into light;
a second organic compound having one of a benzofuropyrimidine skeleton and a benzothienopyrimidine skeleton; and
a third organic compound configured to convert singlet excitation energy into light; and
a second electrode over the light-emitting layer, wherein light emitted from the light-emitting layer comprises light emitted from the third organic compound. 2. The light-emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the first organic compound is configured to supply excitation energy to the third organic compound. 3. The light-emitting device according to claim 1,
wherein the benzofuropyrimidine skeleton is a benzofuro[3,2-d]pyrimidine skeleton, and wherein the benzothienopyrimidine skeleton is a benzothieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine skeleton. 4. The light-emitting device according to claim 3,
wherein the benzofuro[3,2-d]pyrimidine skeleton has one of a substituent at 4-position and a substituent at 8-position, and wherein the benzothieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine skeleton has one of a substituent at 4-position and a substituent at 8-position. 5. The light-emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the first organic compound comprises one of Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir and Pt. 6. The light-emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the first organic compound is capable of emitting phosphorescence. 7. The light-emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the first organic compound has an emission quantum yield higher than or equal to 0% and lower than or equal to 40% at room temperature. 8. The light-emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the third organic compound emits fluorescence. 9. The light-emitting device according to claim 1, wherein a difference between the lowest singlet excitation energy and the lowest triplet excitation energy of the first organic compound is greater than or equal to 0 eV and less than or equal to 0.2 eV. 10. A display device comprising:
the light-emitting device according to claim 1; and at least one of a color filter and a transistor. 11. An electronic device comprising:
the display device according to claim 10; and at least one of a housing and a touch sensor. 12. A lighting device comprising:
the light-emitting device according to claim 1; and at least one of a housing and a touch sensor. 13. A light-emitting device comprising:
a first electrode; a light-emitting layer over the first electrode, the light-emitting layer comprising:
a first organic compound configured to convert triplet excitation energy into light;
a second organic compound having one of a benzofuropyrimidine skeleton and a benzothienopyrimidine skeleton; and
a third organic compound configured to convert singlet excitation energy into light; and
a second electrode over the light-emitting layer, wherein the first organic compound and the second organic compound are capable of forming an exciplex, and wherein light emitted from the light-emitting layer comprises light emitted from the third organic compound. 14. The light-emitting device according to claim 13, wherein the exciplex is configured to supply excitation energy to the third organic compound. 15. The light-emitting device according to claim 13,
wherein the benzofuropyrimidine skeleton is a benzofuro[3,2-d]pyrimidine skeleton, and wherein the benzothienopyrimidine skeleton is a benzothieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine skeleton. 16. The light-emitting device according to claim 15,
wherein the benzofuro[3,2-d]pyrimidine skeleton has one of a substituent at 4-position and a substituent at 8-position, and wherein the benzothieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine skeleton has one of a substituent at 4-position and a substituent at 8-position. 17. The light-emitting device according to claim 13, wherein the first organic compound comprises one of Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir and Pt. 18. The light-emitting device according to claim 13, wherein the first organic compound is capable of emitting phosphorescence. 19. The light-emitting device according to claim 13, wherein an emission spectrum of the exciplex partly overlaps an absorption band on the longest wavelength side of an absorption spectrum of the third organic compound. 20. The light-emitting device according to claim 13, wherein the first organic compound has an emission quantum yield higher than or equal to 0% and lower than or equal to 40% at room temperature. 21. The light-emitting device according to claim 13, wherein the exciplex is configured to emit light with higher emission efficiency than emission efficiency of the first organic compound. 22. The light-emitting device according to claim 13, wherein the third organic compound emits fluorescence. 23. The light-emitting device according to claim 13, wherein a difference between the lowest singlet excitation energy and the lowest triplet excitation energy of the first organic compound is greater than or equal to 0 eV and less than or equal to 0.2 eV. 24. A display device comprising:
the light-emitting device according to claim 13; and at least one of a color filter and a transistor. 25. An electronic device comprising:
the display device according to claim 24; and at least one of a housing and a touch sensor. 26. A lighting device comprising:
the light-emitting device according to claim 13; and at least one of a housing and a touch sensor. | An object is to provide a light-emitting element with high emission efficiency. The light-emitting element contains first to third organic compounds. The first organic compound has a function of converting triplet excitation energy into light. The second organic compound has a benzofuropyrimidine skeleton or a benzothienopyrimidine skeleton. The third organic compound is a fluorescent compound. Light emitted from the light-emitting element is light emitted from the third organic compound that receives excitation energy from the first organic compound or from an exciplex formed by the first and second organic compounds.1. A light-emitting device comprising:
a first electrode; a light-emitting layer over the first electrode, the light-emitting layer comprising:
a first organic compound configured to convert triplet excitation energy into light;
a second organic compound having one of a benzofuropyrimidine skeleton and a benzothienopyrimidine skeleton; and
a third organic compound configured to convert singlet excitation energy into light; and
a second electrode over the light-emitting layer, wherein light emitted from the light-emitting layer comprises light emitted from the third organic compound. 2. The light-emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the first organic compound is configured to supply excitation energy to the third organic compound. 3. The light-emitting device according to claim 1,
wherein the benzofuropyrimidine skeleton is a benzofuro[3,2-d]pyrimidine skeleton, and wherein the benzothienopyrimidine skeleton is a benzothieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine skeleton. 4. The light-emitting device according to claim 3,
wherein the benzofuro[3,2-d]pyrimidine skeleton has one of a substituent at 4-position and a substituent at 8-position, and wherein the benzothieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine skeleton has one of a substituent at 4-position and a substituent at 8-position. 5. The light-emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the first organic compound comprises one of Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir and Pt. 6. The light-emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the first organic compound is capable of emitting phosphorescence. 7. The light-emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the first organic compound has an emission quantum yield higher than or equal to 0% and lower than or equal to 40% at room temperature. 8. The light-emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the third organic compound emits fluorescence. 9. The light-emitting device according to claim 1, wherein a difference between the lowest singlet excitation energy and the lowest triplet excitation energy of the first organic compound is greater than or equal to 0 eV and less than or equal to 0.2 eV. 10. A display device comprising:
the light-emitting device according to claim 1; and at least one of a color filter and a transistor. 11. An electronic device comprising:
the display device according to claim 10; and at least one of a housing and a touch sensor. 12. A lighting device comprising:
the light-emitting device according to claim 1; and at least one of a housing and a touch sensor. 13. A light-emitting device comprising:
a first electrode; a light-emitting layer over the first electrode, the light-emitting layer comprising:
a first organic compound configured to convert triplet excitation energy into light;
a second organic compound having one of a benzofuropyrimidine skeleton and a benzothienopyrimidine skeleton; and
a third organic compound configured to convert singlet excitation energy into light; and
a second electrode over the light-emitting layer, wherein the first organic compound and the second organic compound are capable of forming an exciplex, and wherein light emitted from the light-emitting layer comprises light emitted from the third organic compound. 14. The light-emitting device according to claim 13, wherein the exciplex is configured to supply excitation energy to the third organic compound. 15. The light-emitting device according to claim 13,
wherein the benzofuropyrimidine skeleton is a benzofuro[3,2-d]pyrimidine skeleton, and wherein the benzothienopyrimidine skeleton is a benzothieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine skeleton. 16. The light-emitting device according to claim 15,
wherein the benzofuro[3,2-d]pyrimidine skeleton has one of a substituent at 4-position and a substituent at 8-position, and wherein the benzothieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine skeleton has one of a substituent at 4-position and a substituent at 8-position. 17. The light-emitting device according to claim 13, wherein the first organic compound comprises one of Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir and Pt. 18. The light-emitting device according to claim 13, wherein the first organic compound is capable of emitting phosphorescence. 19. The light-emitting device according to claim 13, wherein an emission spectrum of the exciplex partly overlaps an absorption band on the longest wavelength side of an absorption spectrum of the third organic compound. 20. The light-emitting device according to claim 13, wherein the first organic compound has an emission quantum yield higher than or equal to 0% and lower than or equal to 40% at room temperature. 21. The light-emitting device according to claim 13, wherein the exciplex is configured to emit light with higher emission efficiency than emission efficiency of the first organic compound. 22. The light-emitting device according to claim 13, wherein the third organic compound emits fluorescence. 23. The light-emitting device according to claim 13, wherein a difference between the lowest singlet excitation energy and the lowest triplet excitation energy of the first organic compound is greater than or equal to 0 eV and less than or equal to 0.2 eV. 24. A display device comprising:
the light-emitting device according to claim 13; and at least one of a color filter and a transistor. 25. An electronic device comprising:
the display device according to claim 24; and at least one of a housing and a touch sensor. 26. A lighting device comprising:
the light-emitting device according to claim 13; and at least one of a housing and a touch sensor. | 2,800 |
349,212 | 350,086 | 16,757,809 | 2,829 | A power supplying-side terminal (38) has a power supplying-side hanging portion (38H) extending toward a surface of the circuit board (31), a power supplying-side extending portion (38E) bent from the power supplying-side hanging portion (38H) and extending outwards along the surface of the circuit board (31) and a power supplying-side standing portion (38S) bent from the power supplying-side extending portion (38E) and extending in a direction away from circuit board (31). A power receiving-side terminal (39) has a power receiving-side extending portion (39E) extending outwards along the surface of the circuit board (31) and a power receiving-side standing portion (39S) bent from the power receiving-side extending portion (39E) and extending in the direction away from circuit board (31). The power supplying-side standing portion (38S) and the power receiving-side standing portion (39S) overlap each other, and connected to each other so as to have electrical continuity. | 1.-14. (canceled) 15. An electric drive device comprising:
an electric motor driving a mechanical control element; and an electronic control device provided at an opposite side to an output shaft of the electric motor and configured to control the electric motor, the electronic control device having:
an ECU housing connected to a motor housing that accommodates therein the electric motor; and
an electronic control unit accommodated in the ECU housing and configured to control the electric motor, wherein
the electronic control unit has:
a power supplying-side terminal structured to supply power; and
a power receiving-side terminal structured to receive the power from the power supplying-side terminal for power supply to a circuit unit mounted on a circuit board, wherein
the power supplying-side terminal has:
a power supplying-side hanging portion that extends toward a surface of the circuit board;
a power supplying-side extending portion that is bent from the power supplying-side hanging portion and extends outwards along the surface of the circuit board; and
a power supplying-side standing portion that is bent from the power supplying-side extending portion and extends in a direction away from the circuit board,
the power receiving-side terminal has:
a power receiving-side extending portion that is connected to a wiring pattern of the circuit board and extends outwards along the surface of the circuit board; and
a power receiving-side standing portion that is bent from the power receiving-side extending portion and extends in the direction away from the circuit board, and
the power supplying-side standing portion and the power receiving-side standing portion overlap each other, and connected to each other so as to have electrical continuity. 16. The electric drive device as claimed in claim 15, wherein:
each of the power supplying-side terminal and the power receiving-side terminal is formed by a flat plate terminal, and top end portions of the power supplying-side standing portion of the power supplying-side terminal and the power receiving-side standing portion of the power receiving-side terminal are joined together as a welded connecting portion. 17. The electric drive device as claimed in claim 16, wherein:
the power supplying-side standing portion of the power supplying-side terminal is located at an inner side in a radial direction with respect to the power receiving-side standing portion of the power receiving-side terminal, and the power receiving-side standing portion of the power receiving-side terminal is located at an outer side in the radial direction with respect to the power supplying-side standing portion of the power supplying-side terminal. 18. The electric drive device as claimed in claim 17, wherein:
the power supplying-side standing portion of the power supplying-side terminal extends in the direction away from the circuit board at a position where the power supplying-side standing portion does not extend outwards over an outer peripheral edge of the circuit board. 19. The electric drive device as claimed in claim 15, wherein:
the power receiving-side terminal is placed on a surface of the circuit board where the power supplying-side terminal is located. 20. The electric drive device as claimed in claim 19, wherein:
the power receiving-side extending portion of the power receiving-side terminal is bent, and has a folded shape. 21. An electric drive device comprising:
a motor housing accommodating therein an electric motor that drives a mechanical control element; and an electronic control unit provided at an end surface portion side of the motor housing which is an opposite side to an output shaft portion of a rotation shaft of the electric motor, the electronic control unit having a control circuit unit, a power supply circuit unit, a power conversion circuit unit, which are configured to drive the electric motor, and a connector case structured to supply power to the power supply circuit unit, wherein a power-conversion-circuit heat releasing section and a power-supply-circuit heat releasing section are formed at the end surface portion of the motor housing, and the power conversion circuit unit is set on the power-conversion-circuit heat releasing section and the power supply circuit unit is set on the power-supply-circuit heat releasing section, the control circuit unit is mounted on a circuit board for the control circuit unit and the power supply circuit unit is mounted on a circuit board for the power supply circuit unit, and each of the circuit boards is set in a radial direction orthogonal to the rotation shaft of the electric motor so as to be stacked in a direction of the rotation shaft of the electric motor, the connector case has a power supplying-side terminal structured to supply power to the power supply circuit unit, and the power supply circuit unit has a power receiving-side terminal structured to receive the power from the power supplying-side terminal for power supply to the power supply circuit unit mounted on the circuit board for the power supply circuit unit, the power supplying-side terminal has:
a power supplying-side hanging portion that extends toward a surface of the circuit board of the power supply circuit unit;
a power supplying-side extending portion that is bent from the power supplying-side hanging portion and extends outwards along the surface of the circuit board of the power supply circuit unit; and
a power supplying-side standing portion that is bent from the power supplying-side extending portion and extends in a direction away from the circuit board of the power supply circuit unit,
the power receiving-side terminal has:
a power receiving-side extending portion that is connected to a wiring pattern of the circuit board of the power supply circuit unit and extends outwards along the surface of the circuit board of the power supply circuit unit; and
a power receiving-side standing portion that is bent from the power receiving-side extending portion and extends in the direction away from the circuit board of the power supply circuit unit, and
the power supplying-side standing portion and the power receiving-side standing portion overlap each other, and connected to each other so as to have electrical continuity. 22. The electric drive device as claimed in claim 21, wherein:
each of the power supplying-side terminal and the power receiving-side terminal is formed by a flat plate terminal, and top end portions of the power supplying-side standing portion of the power supplying-side terminal and the power receiving-side standing portion of the power receiving-side terminal are joined together as a welded connecting portion. 23. The electric drive device as claimed in claim 22, wherein:
the power supplying-side standing portion of the power supplying-side terminal is located at an inner side in the radial direction with respect to the power receiving-side standing portion of the power receiving-side terminal, and the power receiving-side standing portion of the power receiving-side terminal is located at an outer side in the radial direction with respect to the power supplying-side standing portion of the power supplying-side terminal. 24. The electric drive device as claimed in claim 23, wherein:
the power supplying-side standing portion of the power supplying-side terminal extends in the direction away from the circuit board of the power supply circuit unit at a position where the power supplying-side standing portion does not extend outwards over an outer peripheral edge of the circuit board of the power supply circuit unit. 25. The electric drive device as claimed in claim 21, wherein:
the power receiving-side terminal is placed on a surface of the circuit board of the power supply circuit unit where the power supplying-side terminal is located. 26. The electric drive device as claimed in claim 25, wherein:
the power receiving-side extending portion of the power receiving-side terminal is bent, and has a folded shape. 27. An electric power steering device comprising:
an electric motor providing a steering assistive force to a steering shaft on the basis of an output from a torque sensor that detects a turning direction and a turning torque of the steering shaft; an aluminum-based metal-made motor housing accommodating therein the electric motor; an electronic control unit provided at an end surface portion side of the motor housing which is an opposite side to an output shaft portion of a rotation shaft of the electric motor, the electronic control unit having a control circuit unit, a power supply circuit unit, a power conversion circuit unit, which are configured to drive the electric motor, and a connector case structured to supply power to the power supply circuit unit; and a metal-made metal cover covering the electronic control unit, wherein a power-conversion-circuit heat releasing section and a power-supply-circuit heat releasing section are formed at the end surface portion of the motor housing, and the power conversion circuit unit is set on the power-conversion-circuit heat releasing section and the power supply circuit unit is set on the power-supply-circuit heat releasing section, the control circuit unit is mounted on a circuit board for the control circuit unit and the power supply circuit unit is mounted on a circuit board for the power supply circuit unit, and each of the circuit boards is set in a radial direction orthogonal to the rotation shaft of the electric motor so as to be stacked in a direction of the rotation shaft of the electric motor, the connector case has a power supplying-side terminal structured to supply power to the power supply circuit unit, and the power supply circuit unit has a power receiving-side terminal structured to receive the power from the power supplying-side terminal for power supply to the power supply circuit unit mounted on the circuit board for the power supply circuit unit, the power supplying-side terminal has:
a power supplying-side hanging portion that extends toward a surface of the circuit board of the power supply circuit unit;
a power supplying-side extending portion that is bent from the power supplying-side hanging portion and extends outwards along the surface of the circuit board of the power supply circuit unit; and
a power supplying-side standing portion that is bent from the power supplying-side extending portion and extends in a direction away from the circuit board of the power supply circuit unit,
the power receiving-side terminal has:
a power receiving-side extending portion that is connected to a wiring pattern of the circuit board of the power supply circuit unit and extends outwards along the surface of the circuit board of the power supply circuit unit; and
a power receiving-side standing portion that is bent from the power receiving-side extending portion and extends in the direction away from the circuit board of the power supply circuit unit, and
the power supplying-side standing portion and the power receiving-side standing portion overlap each other, and connected to each other so as to have electrical continuity. 28. The electric power steering device as claimed in claim 27, wherein:
each of the power supplying-side terminal and the power receiving-side terminal is formed by a flat plate terminal, and top end portions of the power supplying-side standing portion of the power supplying-side terminal and the power receiving-side standing portion of the power receiving-side terminal are joined together as a welded connecting portion. 29. The electric power steering device as claimed in claim 28, wherein:
the power supplying-side standing portion of the power supplying-side terminal is located at an inner side in the radial direction with respect to the power receiving-side standing portion of the power receiving-side terminal, and the power receiving-side standing portion of the power receiving-side terminal is located at an outer side in the radial direction with respect to the power supplying-side standing portion of the power supplying-side terminal. 30. The electric power steering device as claimed in claim 29, wherein:
the power supplying-side standing portion of the power supplying-side terminal extends in the direction away from the circuit board of the power supply circuit unit at a position where the power supplying-side standing portion does not extend outwards over an outer peripheral edge of the circuit board of the power supply circuit unit. 31. The electric power steering device as claimed in claim 30, wherein:
the power receiving-side terminal is placed on a surface of the circuit board of the power supply circuit unit where the power supplying-side terminal is located. 32. The electric power steering device as claimed in claim 31, wherein:
the power receiving-side extending portion of the power receiving-side terminal is bent, and has a folded shape. | A power supplying-side terminal (38) has a power supplying-side hanging portion (38H) extending toward a surface of the circuit board (31), a power supplying-side extending portion (38E) bent from the power supplying-side hanging portion (38H) and extending outwards along the surface of the circuit board (31) and a power supplying-side standing portion (38S) bent from the power supplying-side extending portion (38E) and extending in a direction away from circuit board (31). A power receiving-side terminal (39) has a power receiving-side extending portion (39E) extending outwards along the surface of the circuit board (31) and a power receiving-side standing portion (39S) bent from the power receiving-side extending portion (39E) and extending in the direction away from circuit board (31). The power supplying-side standing portion (38S) and the power receiving-side standing portion (39S) overlap each other, and connected to each other so as to have electrical continuity.1.-14. (canceled) 15. An electric drive device comprising:
an electric motor driving a mechanical control element; and an electronic control device provided at an opposite side to an output shaft of the electric motor and configured to control the electric motor, the electronic control device having:
an ECU housing connected to a motor housing that accommodates therein the electric motor; and
an electronic control unit accommodated in the ECU housing and configured to control the electric motor, wherein
the electronic control unit has:
a power supplying-side terminal structured to supply power; and
a power receiving-side terminal structured to receive the power from the power supplying-side terminal for power supply to a circuit unit mounted on a circuit board, wherein
the power supplying-side terminal has:
a power supplying-side hanging portion that extends toward a surface of the circuit board;
a power supplying-side extending portion that is bent from the power supplying-side hanging portion and extends outwards along the surface of the circuit board; and
a power supplying-side standing portion that is bent from the power supplying-side extending portion and extends in a direction away from the circuit board,
the power receiving-side terminal has:
a power receiving-side extending portion that is connected to a wiring pattern of the circuit board and extends outwards along the surface of the circuit board; and
a power receiving-side standing portion that is bent from the power receiving-side extending portion and extends in the direction away from the circuit board, and
the power supplying-side standing portion and the power receiving-side standing portion overlap each other, and connected to each other so as to have electrical continuity. 16. The electric drive device as claimed in claim 15, wherein:
each of the power supplying-side terminal and the power receiving-side terminal is formed by a flat plate terminal, and top end portions of the power supplying-side standing portion of the power supplying-side terminal and the power receiving-side standing portion of the power receiving-side terminal are joined together as a welded connecting portion. 17. The electric drive device as claimed in claim 16, wherein:
the power supplying-side standing portion of the power supplying-side terminal is located at an inner side in a radial direction with respect to the power receiving-side standing portion of the power receiving-side terminal, and the power receiving-side standing portion of the power receiving-side terminal is located at an outer side in the radial direction with respect to the power supplying-side standing portion of the power supplying-side terminal. 18. The electric drive device as claimed in claim 17, wherein:
the power supplying-side standing portion of the power supplying-side terminal extends in the direction away from the circuit board at a position where the power supplying-side standing portion does not extend outwards over an outer peripheral edge of the circuit board. 19. The electric drive device as claimed in claim 15, wherein:
the power receiving-side terminal is placed on a surface of the circuit board where the power supplying-side terminal is located. 20. The electric drive device as claimed in claim 19, wherein:
the power receiving-side extending portion of the power receiving-side terminal is bent, and has a folded shape. 21. An electric drive device comprising:
a motor housing accommodating therein an electric motor that drives a mechanical control element; and an electronic control unit provided at an end surface portion side of the motor housing which is an opposite side to an output shaft portion of a rotation shaft of the electric motor, the electronic control unit having a control circuit unit, a power supply circuit unit, a power conversion circuit unit, which are configured to drive the electric motor, and a connector case structured to supply power to the power supply circuit unit, wherein a power-conversion-circuit heat releasing section and a power-supply-circuit heat releasing section are formed at the end surface portion of the motor housing, and the power conversion circuit unit is set on the power-conversion-circuit heat releasing section and the power supply circuit unit is set on the power-supply-circuit heat releasing section, the control circuit unit is mounted on a circuit board for the control circuit unit and the power supply circuit unit is mounted on a circuit board for the power supply circuit unit, and each of the circuit boards is set in a radial direction orthogonal to the rotation shaft of the electric motor so as to be stacked in a direction of the rotation shaft of the electric motor, the connector case has a power supplying-side terminal structured to supply power to the power supply circuit unit, and the power supply circuit unit has a power receiving-side terminal structured to receive the power from the power supplying-side terminal for power supply to the power supply circuit unit mounted on the circuit board for the power supply circuit unit, the power supplying-side terminal has:
a power supplying-side hanging portion that extends toward a surface of the circuit board of the power supply circuit unit;
a power supplying-side extending portion that is bent from the power supplying-side hanging portion and extends outwards along the surface of the circuit board of the power supply circuit unit; and
a power supplying-side standing portion that is bent from the power supplying-side extending portion and extends in a direction away from the circuit board of the power supply circuit unit,
the power receiving-side terminal has:
a power receiving-side extending portion that is connected to a wiring pattern of the circuit board of the power supply circuit unit and extends outwards along the surface of the circuit board of the power supply circuit unit; and
a power receiving-side standing portion that is bent from the power receiving-side extending portion and extends in the direction away from the circuit board of the power supply circuit unit, and
the power supplying-side standing portion and the power receiving-side standing portion overlap each other, and connected to each other so as to have electrical continuity. 22. The electric drive device as claimed in claim 21, wherein:
each of the power supplying-side terminal and the power receiving-side terminal is formed by a flat plate terminal, and top end portions of the power supplying-side standing portion of the power supplying-side terminal and the power receiving-side standing portion of the power receiving-side terminal are joined together as a welded connecting portion. 23. The electric drive device as claimed in claim 22, wherein:
the power supplying-side standing portion of the power supplying-side terminal is located at an inner side in the radial direction with respect to the power receiving-side standing portion of the power receiving-side terminal, and the power receiving-side standing portion of the power receiving-side terminal is located at an outer side in the radial direction with respect to the power supplying-side standing portion of the power supplying-side terminal. 24. The electric drive device as claimed in claim 23, wherein:
the power supplying-side standing portion of the power supplying-side terminal extends in the direction away from the circuit board of the power supply circuit unit at a position where the power supplying-side standing portion does not extend outwards over an outer peripheral edge of the circuit board of the power supply circuit unit. 25. The electric drive device as claimed in claim 21, wherein:
the power receiving-side terminal is placed on a surface of the circuit board of the power supply circuit unit where the power supplying-side terminal is located. 26. The electric drive device as claimed in claim 25, wherein:
the power receiving-side extending portion of the power receiving-side terminal is bent, and has a folded shape. 27. An electric power steering device comprising:
an electric motor providing a steering assistive force to a steering shaft on the basis of an output from a torque sensor that detects a turning direction and a turning torque of the steering shaft; an aluminum-based metal-made motor housing accommodating therein the electric motor; an electronic control unit provided at an end surface portion side of the motor housing which is an opposite side to an output shaft portion of a rotation shaft of the electric motor, the electronic control unit having a control circuit unit, a power supply circuit unit, a power conversion circuit unit, which are configured to drive the electric motor, and a connector case structured to supply power to the power supply circuit unit; and a metal-made metal cover covering the electronic control unit, wherein a power-conversion-circuit heat releasing section and a power-supply-circuit heat releasing section are formed at the end surface portion of the motor housing, and the power conversion circuit unit is set on the power-conversion-circuit heat releasing section and the power supply circuit unit is set on the power-supply-circuit heat releasing section, the control circuit unit is mounted on a circuit board for the control circuit unit and the power supply circuit unit is mounted on a circuit board for the power supply circuit unit, and each of the circuit boards is set in a radial direction orthogonal to the rotation shaft of the electric motor so as to be stacked in a direction of the rotation shaft of the electric motor, the connector case has a power supplying-side terminal structured to supply power to the power supply circuit unit, and the power supply circuit unit has a power receiving-side terminal structured to receive the power from the power supplying-side terminal for power supply to the power supply circuit unit mounted on the circuit board for the power supply circuit unit, the power supplying-side terminal has:
a power supplying-side hanging portion that extends toward a surface of the circuit board of the power supply circuit unit;
a power supplying-side extending portion that is bent from the power supplying-side hanging portion and extends outwards along the surface of the circuit board of the power supply circuit unit; and
a power supplying-side standing portion that is bent from the power supplying-side extending portion and extends in a direction away from the circuit board of the power supply circuit unit,
the power receiving-side terminal has:
a power receiving-side extending portion that is connected to a wiring pattern of the circuit board of the power supply circuit unit and extends outwards along the surface of the circuit board of the power supply circuit unit; and
a power receiving-side standing portion that is bent from the power receiving-side extending portion and extends in the direction away from the circuit board of the power supply circuit unit, and
the power supplying-side standing portion and the power receiving-side standing portion overlap each other, and connected to each other so as to have electrical continuity. 28. The electric power steering device as claimed in claim 27, wherein:
each of the power supplying-side terminal and the power receiving-side terminal is formed by a flat plate terminal, and top end portions of the power supplying-side standing portion of the power supplying-side terminal and the power receiving-side standing portion of the power receiving-side terminal are joined together as a welded connecting portion. 29. The electric power steering device as claimed in claim 28, wherein:
the power supplying-side standing portion of the power supplying-side terminal is located at an inner side in the radial direction with respect to the power receiving-side standing portion of the power receiving-side terminal, and the power receiving-side standing portion of the power receiving-side terminal is located at an outer side in the radial direction with respect to the power supplying-side standing portion of the power supplying-side terminal. 30. The electric power steering device as claimed in claim 29, wherein:
the power supplying-side standing portion of the power supplying-side terminal extends in the direction away from the circuit board of the power supply circuit unit at a position where the power supplying-side standing portion does not extend outwards over an outer peripheral edge of the circuit board of the power supply circuit unit. 31. The electric power steering device as claimed in claim 30, wherein:
the power receiving-side terminal is placed on a surface of the circuit board of the power supply circuit unit where the power supplying-side terminal is located. 32. The electric power steering device as claimed in claim 31, wherein:
the power receiving-side extending portion of the power receiving-side terminal is bent, and has a folded shape. | 2,800 |
349,213 | 350,087 | 16,757,816 | 2,829 | An antenna system for a mobile device includes a first trough antenna element formed by a first planar conductive member, a second conductive member spaced apart from the first planar conductive member; and a back wall member disposed between the first planar conductive member and the second conductive member. A first slot antenna is formed in the first planar conductive member and the second conductive member adjacent to the first trough antenna element. | 1. An antenna system for a mobile device, comprising:
a first trough antenna element formed by:
a first planar conductive member;
a second conductive member spaced apart from the first planar conductive member; and
a back wall member disposed between the first planar conductive member and the second conductive member;
and a first slot antenna formed in the first planar conductive member and the second conductive member adjacent to the first trough antenna element. 2. The antenna system according to claim 1, wherein a second trough antenna element is formed between the first slot antenna and a second slot antenna adjacent to the second trough antenna element. 3. The antenna system according to claim 1, wherein the first trough antenna element comprises a conductive probe member disposed between the first planar conductive member and the second conductive member and in front of the back wall member. 4. The antenna system according to claim 3, wherein comprising a feed line connected to the conductive probe member to generate an electric field polarized substantially perpendicular to a front outer edge of the first trough antenna element. 5. The antenna system according to claim 1, wherein the first slot antenna is defined by a first boundary edge member, a second boundary edge member and a rear boundary edge member, and wherein the first boundary edge member of the first slot antenna forms an edge of the first trough antenna element and the second boundary edge member of the first slot antenna forms an edge of the second trough antenna element. 6. The antenna system according to claim 5, wherein a shape of the first slot antenna is tapered inward from the rear boundary edge member towards a front outer edge of the first trough antenna element, and a width of the first trough antenna element is narrowed from the back wall member towards the front outer edge of the first trough antenna element. 7. The antenna system according to claim 1, wherein the back wall member comprises a plurality of conductive vias disposed between and electrically connecting the first planar conductive member and the second conductive member. 8. The antenna system according to claim 7, wherein the plurality of conductive vias form at least a first boundary edge member and a second boundary edge member of the first slot antenna. 9. The antenna system according to claim 1, wherein the second conductive member is connected to at least a first step member and at least a second step member disposed in a staircase arrangement. 10. The antenna system according to claim 9, wherein the second conductive member comprises a plurality of conductive vias disposed between and electrically connecting the second conductive member, the at least first step member and the at least second step member. 11. The antenna system according to claim 3, comprising a feed line connected to the first slot antenna and configured to generate an electric field polarized substantially parallel to a front outer edge of the first trough antenna element. 12. The antenna system according to claim 1, comprising a conductive member coupled with a conductive probe, the conductive member being stacked between and spaced apart from the first planar conductive member and the second conductive member. 13. The antenna system according to claim 1, comprising external conductive members coupled to an outer side of the second conductive member in proximity to a front outer edge of the first trough antenna element. 14. A mobile device comprising an antenna system according to claim 1. 15. The mobile device according to claim 14, the mobile device comprising an outer edge, wherein the antenna system is allocated in proximity to the outer edge of the mobile device and an outer edge of the first trough antenna element is disposed substantially parallel to the outer edge of the mobile device. | An antenna system for a mobile device includes a first trough antenna element formed by a first planar conductive member, a second conductive member spaced apart from the first planar conductive member; and a back wall member disposed between the first planar conductive member and the second conductive member. A first slot antenna is formed in the first planar conductive member and the second conductive member adjacent to the first trough antenna element.1. An antenna system for a mobile device, comprising:
a first trough antenna element formed by:
a first planar conductive member;
a second conductive member spaced apart from the first planar conductive member; and
a back wall member disposed between the first planar conductive member and the second conductive member;
and a first slot antenna formed in the first planar conductive member and the second conductive member adjacent to the first trough antenna element. 2. The antenna system according to claim 1, wherein a second trough antenna element is formed between the first slot antenna and a second slot antenna adjacent to the second trough antenna element. 3. The antenna system according to claim 1, wherein the first trough antenna element comprises a conductive probe member disposed between the first planar conductive member and the second conductive member and in front of the back wall member. 4. The antenna system according to claim 3, wherein comprising a feed line connected to the conductive probe member to generate an electric field polarized substantially perpendicular to a front outer edge of the first trough antenna element. 5. The antenna system according to claim 1, wherein the first slot antenna is defined by a first boundary edge member, a second boundary edge member and a rear boundary edge member, and wherein the first boundary edge member of the first slot antenna forms an edge of the first trough antenna element and the second boundary edge member of the first slot antenna forms an edge of the second trough antenna element. 6. The antenna system according to claim 5, wherein a shape of the first slot antenna is tapered inward from the rear boundary edge member towards a front outer edge of the first trough antenna element, and a width of the first trough antenna element is narrowed from the back wall member towards the front outer edge of the first trough antenna element. 7. The antenna system according to claim 1, wherein the back wall member comprises a plurality of conductive vias disposed between and electrically connecting the first planar conductive member and the second conductive member. 8. The antenna system according to claim 7, wherein the plurality of conductive vias form at least a first boundary edge member and a second boundary edge member of the first slot antenna. 9. The antenna system according to claim 1, wherein the second conductive member is connected to at least a first step member and at least a second step member disposed in a staircase arrangement. 10. The antenna system according to claim 9, wherein the second conductive member comprises a plurality of conductive vias disposed between and electrically connecting the second conductive member, the at least first step member and the at least second step member. 11. The antenna system according to claim 3, comprising a feed line connected to the first slot antenna and configured to generate an electric field polarized substantially parallel to a front outer edge of the first trough antenna element. 12. The antenna system according to claim 1, comprising a conductive member coupled with a conductive probe, the conductive member being stacked between and spaced apart from the first planar conductive member and the second conductive member. 13. The antenna system according to claim 1, comprising external conductive members coupled to an outer side of the second conductive member in proximity to a front outer edge of the first trough antenna element. 14. A mobile device comprising an antenna system according to claim 1. 15. The mobile device according to claim 14, the mobile device comprising an outer edge, wherein the antenna system is allocated in proximity to the outer edge of the mobile device and an outer edge of the first trough antenna element is disposed substantially parallel to the outer edge of the mobile device. | 2,800 |
349,214 | 350,088 | 16,757,822 | 2,829 | An electric motor includes a rotor, a stator, and an electric motor casing. The electric motor casing forms a first accommodating space accommodating a rotary shaft and a rotor core and a stator, and has an inner peripheral surface including an abutting inner peripheral surface in contact with a top portion on the radially outer side of a core convex portion. An outer peripheral-side flow path through which a cooling medium is capable of flowing is formed between the core convex portions adjacent to each other in the peripheral direction. The outer peripheral-side flow path is defined by an outer peripheral surface of the core main body and the inner peripheral surface of the electric motor casing. | 1. An electric motor, comprising:
a rotor including a rotary shaft provided so as to be rotatable about an axis thereof and a rotor core fixed to an outer peripheral surface of the rotary shaft; a stator including:
a core main body having a cylindrical shape surrounding the rotor core from an outer peripheral side of the rotor core;
a plurality of core convex portions provided at intervals in a peripheral direction, and each of which projects from an outer peripheral surface of the core main body and which extends in an axial direction of the rotary shaft; and
a plurality of coils attached to the core main body; and
a casing in which a first accommodating space accommodating the rotor and the stator is formed and which has an inner peripheral surface including an abutting inner peripheral surface on which a top portion of the core convex portion outside in a radial direction abuts, wherein an outer peripheral-side flow path on which lubricating oil is capable of flowing is formed between the core convex portions adjacent to each other in the peripheral direction by the outer peripheral surface of the core main body and the inner peripheral surface of the casing. 2. The electric motor according to claim 1,
wherein the abutting inner peripheral surface has a circular shape centered on the axis in a sectional view orthogonal to the axis, and the top portion of each of the core convex portions has an outer diameter corresponding to an inner diameter of the abutting inner peripheral surface and has a cylindrical surface shape fitting onto the abutting inner peripheral surface over the peripheral direction. 3. The electric motor according to claim 2,
wherein the casing includes:
a first casing that has a first cylindrical portion having, as the inner peripheral surface, the abutting inner peripheral surface and a tapered inner peripheral surface expanding in diameter from the abutting inner peripheral surface toward the one side in the axial direction, and that has a first bottom portion closing the first cylindrical portion from the other side in the axial direction, and
a second casing that has a second cylindrical portion fitted to the first cylindrical portion from an inside the first cylindrical portion and a second bottom portion closing the second cylindrical portion from the one side in the axial direction;
wherein the second cylindrical portion includes:
a fitting inner peripheral surface having an inner diameter corresponding to the outer peripheral surface of the core main body and fitted to the outer peripheral surface of the core main body. 4. The electric motor according to claim 3,
wherein an outer peripheral-side oil drain hole passing through the second cylindrical portion in the axial direction is formed in a radially outer portion of the fitting inner peripheral surface in the second cylindrical portion, and a main oil drain hole passing through the second bottom portion in the axial direction is formed in the second bottom portion. 5. The electric motor according to claim 1,
wherein the rotary shaft is provided so as to be rotatable about the axis extending in the vertical direction, and the rotary shaft has a center hole extending from an end portion on the upper side in the axial direction of the rotary shaft toward the lower side in the axial direction, a first radial hole extending from the center hole to the outer peripheral surface of the rotary shaft, and a second radial hole extending from the center hole to the outer peripheral surface of the rotary shaft at the upper side in the axial direction of the first radial hole, wherein the rotor core has a rotor core flow path communicating with the first radial hole and opening into an outside of the rotor, and wherein the casing has a casing flow path communicating with the second radial hole and opening on the upper side in the axial direction of the stator in the casing. 6. The electric motor according to claim 5, further comprising:
an upper bearing configured to support the rotary shaft so as to be rotatable about the axis with respect to the casing at the upper side in the axial direction than the rotor core on the rotary shaft, wherein the upper bearing is provided between the second radial hole and the casing flow path, and wherein the upper bearing includes:
an outer ring having an annular shape and fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the rotary shaft;
an inner ring surrounding the outer ring from the outer peripheral side thereof and fixed to the casing;
a rolling body disposed between the outer ring and the inner ring; and
a bearing shield disposed on the lower side in the axial direction of the rolling body in a space between the outer ring and the inner ring and having an annular shape. 7. A rotary drive system, comprising:
the electric motor according to claim 1 in which the rotary shaft is provided so as to be rotatable about the axis extending in the vertical direction, a speed reducer including an output shaft provided to be rotatable about the axis on the lower side in the axial direction of the rotary shaft projecting from the casing to the lower side in the axial direction, a transmission portion configured to reduce speed of a rotation of the rotary shaft and transmit the reduced rotation to the output shaft, and a speed reducer casing forming a second accommodating space accommodating the output shaft and the transmission portion, a lubricating oil-circulating unit configured to supply lubricating oil into the first accommodating space, recover the lubricating oil introduced into the second accommodating space from the first accommodating space, and supply again the lubricating oil to the first accommodating space. 8. A hydraulic excavator, comprising:
an undercarriage; an upper swing body provided on the undercarriage; a rotary drive system according to claim 7 configured to swing the upper swing body about the axis with respect to the undercarriage. 9. The electric motor according to claim 2,
wherein the rotary shaft is provided so as to be rotatable about the axis extending in the vertical direction, and the rotary shaft has a center hole extending from an end portion on the upper side in the axial direction of the rotary shaft toward the lower side in the axial direction, a first radial hole extending from the center hole to the outer peripheral surface of the rotary shaft, and a second radial hole extending from the center hole to the outer peripheral surface of the rotary shaft at the upper side in the axial direction of the first radial hole, wherein the rotor core has a rotor core flow path communicating with the first radial hole and opening into an outside of the rotor, and wherein the casing has a casing flow path communicating with the second radial hole and opening on the upper side in the axial direction of the stator in the casing. 10. The electric motor according to claim 3,
wherein the rotary shaft is provided so as to be rotatable about the axis extending in the vertical direction, and the rotary shaft has a center hole extending from an end portion on the upper side in the axial direction of the rotary shaft toward the lower side in the axial direction, a first radial hole extending from the center hole to the outer peripheral surface of the rotary shaft, and a second radial hole extending from the center hole to the outer peripheral surface of the rotary shaft at the upper side in the axial direction of the first radial hole, wherein the rotor core has a rotor core flow path communicating with the first radial hole and opening into an outside of the rotor, and wherein the casing has a casing flow path communicating with the second radial hole and opening on the upper side in the axial direction of the stator in the casing. 11. The electric motor according to claim 4,
wherein the rotary shaft is provided so as to be rotatable about the axis extending in the vertical direction, and the rotary shaft has a center hole extending from an end portion on the upper side in the axial direction of the rotary shaft toward the lower side in the axial direction, a first radial hole extending from the center hole to the outer peripheral surface of the rotary shaft, and a second radial hole extending from the center hole to the outer peripheral surface of the rotary shaft at the upper side in the axial direction of the first radial hole, wherein the rotor core has a rotor core flow path communicating with the first radial hole and opening into an outside of the rotor, and wherein the casing has a casing flow path communicating with the second radial hole and opening on the upper side in the axial direction of the stator in the casing. 12. The electric motor according to claim 9, further comprising:
an upper bearing configured to support the rotary shaft so as to be rotatable about the axis with respect to the casing at the upper side in the axial direction than the rotor core on the rotary shaft, wherein the upper bearing is provided between the second radial hole and the casing flow path, and wherein the upper bearing includes:
an outer ring having an annular shape and fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the rotary shaft;
an inner ring surrounding the outer ring from the outer peripheral side thereof and fixed to the casing;
a rolling body disposed between the outer ring and the inner ring; and
a bearing shield disposed on the lower side in the axial direction of the rolling body in a space between the outer ring and the inner ring and having an annular shape. 13. The electric motor according to claim 10, further comprising:
an upper bearing configured to support the rotary shaft so as to be rotatable about the axis with respect to the casing at the upper side in the axial direction than the rotor core on the rotary shaft, wherein the upper bearing is provided between the second radial hole and the casing flow path, and wherein the upper bearing includes:
an outer ring having an annular shape and fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the rotary shaft;
an inner ring surrounding the outer ring from the outer peripheral side thereof and fixed to the casing;
a rolling body disposed between the outer ring and the inner ring; and
a bearing shield disposed on the lower side in the axial direction of the rolling body in a space between the outer ring and the inner ring and having an annular shape. 14. The electric motor according to claim 11, further comprising:
an upper bearing configured to support the rotary shaft so as to be rotatable about the axis with respect to the casing at the upper side in the axial direction than the rotor core on the rotary shaft, wherein the upper bearing is provided between the second radial hole and the casing flow path, and wherein the upper bearing includes:
an outer ring having an annular shape and fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the rotary shaft;
an inner ring surrounding the outer ring from the outer peripheral side thereof and fixed to the casing;
a rolling body disposed between the outer ring and the inner ring; and
a bearing shield disposed on the lower side in the axial direction of the rolling body in a space between the outer ring and the inner ring and having an annular shape. 15. A rotary drive system, comprising:
the electric motor according to claim 2 in which the rotary shaft is provided so as to be rotatable about the axis extending in the vertical direction, a speed reducer including an output shaft provided to be rotatable about the axis on the lower side in the axial direction of the rotary shaft projecting from the casing to the lower side in the axial direction, a transmission portion configured to reduce speed of a rotation of the rotary shaft and transmit the reduced rotation to the output shaft, and a speed reducer casing forming a second accommodating space accommodating the output shaft and the transmission portion, a lubricating oil-circulating unit configured to supply lubricating oil into the first accommodating space, recover the lubricating oil introduced into the second accommodating space from the first accommodating space, and supply again the lubricating oil to the first accommodating space. 16. A rotary drive system, comprising:
the electric motor according to claim 3 in which the rotary shaft is provided so as to be rotatable about the axis extending in the vertical direction, a speed reducer including an output shaft provided to be rotatable about the axis on the lower side in the axial direction of the rotary shaft projecting from the casing to the lower side in the axial direction, a transmission portion configured to reduce speed of a rotation of the rotary shaft and transmit the reduced rotation to the output shaft, and a speed reducer casing forming a second accommodating space accommodating the output shaft and the transmission portion, a lubricating oil-circulating unit configured to supply lubricating oil into the first accommodating space, recover the lubricating oil introduced into the second accommodating space from the first accommodating space, and supply again the lubricating oil to the first accommodating space. 17. A rotary drive system, comprising:
the electric motor according to claim 4 in which the rotary shaft is provided so as to be rotatable about the axis extending in the vertical direction, a speed reducer including an output shaft provided to be rotatable about the axis on the lower side in the axial direction of the rotary shaft projecting from the casing to the lower side in the axial direction, a transmission portion configured to reduce speed of a rotation of the rotary shaft and transmit the reduced rotation to the output shaft, and a speed reducer casing forming a second accommodating space accommodating the output shaft and the transmission portion, a lubricating oil-circulating unit configured to supply lubricating oil into the first accommodating space, recover the lubricating oil introduced into the second accommodating space from the first accommodating space, and supply again the lubricating oil to the first accommodating space. 18. A hydraulic excavator, comprising:
an undercarriage; an upper swing body provided on the undercarriage; a rotary drive system according to claim 15 configured to swing the upper swing body about the axis with respect to the undercarriage. 19. A hydraulic excavator, comprising:
an undercarriage; an upper swing body provided on the undercarriage; a rotary drive system according to claim 16 configured to swing the upper swing body about the axis with respect to the undercarriage. 20. A hydraulic excavator, comprising:
an undercarriage; an upper swing body provided on the undercarriage; a rotary drive system according to claim 17 configured to swing the upper swing body about the axis with respect to the undercarriage. | An electric motor includes a rotor, a stator, and an electric motor casing. The electric motor casing forms a first accommodating space accommodating a rotary shaft and a rotor core and a stator, and has an inner peripheral surface including an abutting inner peripheral surface in contact with a top portion on the radially outer side of a core convex portion. An outer peripheral-side flow path through which a cooling medium is capable of flowing is formed between the core convex portions adjacent to each other in the peripheral direction. The outer peripheral-side flow path is defined by an outer peripheral surface of the core main body and the inner peripheral surface of the electric motor casing.1. An electric motor, comprising:
a rotor including a rotary shaft provided so as to be rotatable about an axis thereof and a rotor core fixed to an outer peripheral surface of the rotary shaft; a stator including:
a core main body having a cylindrical shape surrounding the rotor core from an outer peripheral side of the rotor core;
a plurality of core convex portions provided at intervals in a peripheral direction, and each of which projects from an outer peripheral surface of the core main body and which extends in an axial direction of the rotary shaft; and
a plurality of coils attached to the core main body; and
a casing in which a first accommodating space accommodating the rotor and the stator is formed and which has an inner peripheral surface including an abutting inner peripheral surface on which a top portion of the core convex portion outside in a radial direction abuts, wherein an outer peripheral-side flow path on which lubricating oil is capable of flowing is formed between the core convex portions adjacent to each other in the peripheral direction by the outer peripheral surface of the core main body and the inner peripheral surface of the casing. 2. The electric motor according to claim 1,
wherein the abutting inner peripheral surface has a circular shape centered on the axis in a sectional view orthogonal to the axis, and the top portion of each of the core convex portions has an outer diameter corresponding to an inner diameter of the abutting inner peripheral surface and has a cylindrical surface shape fitting onto the abutting inner peripheral surface over the peripheral direction. 3. The electric motor according to claim 2,
wherein the casing includes:
a first casing that has a first cylindrical portion having, as the inner peripheral surface, the abutting inner peripheral surface and a tapered inner peripheral surface expanding in diameter from the abutting inner peripheral surface toward the one side in the axial direction, and that has a first bottom portion closing the first cylindrical portion from the other side in the axial direction, and
a second casing that has a second cylindrical portion fitted to the first cylindrical portion from an inside the first cylindrical portion and a second bottom portion closing the second cylindrical portion from the one side in the axial direction;
wherein the second cylindrical portion includes:
a fitting inner peripheral surface having an inner diameter corresponding to the outer peripheral surface of the core main body and fitted to the outer peripheral surface of the core main body. 4. The electric motor according to claim 3,
wherein an outer peripheral-side oil drain hole passing through the second cylindrical portion in the axial direction is formed in a radially outer portion of the fitting inner peripheral surface in the second cylindrical portion, and a main oil drain hole passing through the second bottom portion in the axial direction is formed in the second bottom portion. 5. The electric motor according to claim 1,
wherein the rotary shaft is provided so as to be rotatable about the axis extending in the vertical direction, and the rotary shaft has a center hole extending from an end portion on the upper side in the axial direction of the rotary shaft toward the lower side in the axial direction, a first radial hole extending from the center hole to the outer peripheral surface of the rotary shaft, and a second radial hole extending from the center hole to the outer peripheral surface of the rotary shaft at the upper side in the axial direction of the first radial hole, wherein the rotor core has a rotor core flow path communicating with the first radial hole and opening into an outside of the rotor, and wherein the casing has a casing flow path communicating with the second radial hole and opening on the upper side in the axial direction of the stator in the casing. 6. The electric motor according to claim 5, further comprising:
an upper bearing configured to support the rotary shaft so as to be rotatable about the axis with respect to the casing at the upper side in the axial direction than the rotor core on the rotary shaft, wherein the upper bearing is provided between the second radial hole and the casing flow path, and wherein the upper bearing includes:
an outer ring having an annular shape and fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the rotary shaft;
an inner ring surrounding the outer ring from the outer peripheral side thereof and fixed to the casing;
a rolling body disposed between the outer ring and the inner ring; and
a bearing shield disposed on the lower side in the axial direction of the rolling body in a space between the outer ring and the inner ring and having an annular shape. 7. A rotary drive system, comprising:
the electric motor according to claim 1 in which the rotary shaft is provided so as to be rotatable about the axis extending in the vertical direction, a speed reducer including an output shaft provided to be rotatable about the axis on the lower side in the axial direction of the rotary shaft projecting from the casing to the lower side in the axial direction, a transmission portion configured to reduce speed of a rotation of the rotary shaft and transmit the reduced rotation to the output shaft, and a speed reducer casing forming a second accommodating space accommodating the output shaft and the transmission portion, a lubricating oil-circulating unit configured to supply lubricating oil into the first accommodating space, recover the lubricating oil introduced into the second accommodating space from the first accommodating space, and supply again the lubricating oil to the first accommodating space. 8. A hydraulic excavator, comprising:
an undercarriage; an upper swing body provided on the undercarriage; a rotary drive system according to claim 7 configured to swing the upper swing body about the axis with respect to the undercarriage. 9. The electric motor according to claim 2,
wherein the rotary shaft is provided so as to be rotatable about the axis extending in the vertical direction, and the rotary shaft has a center hole extending from an end portion on the upper side in the axial direction of the rotary shaft toward the lower side in the axial direction, a first radial hole extending from the center hole to the outer peripheral surface of the rotary shaft, and a second radial hole extending from the center hole to the outer peripheral surface of the rotary shaft at the upper side in the axial direction of the first radial hole, wherein the rotor core has a rotor core flow path communicating with the first radial hole and opening into an outside of the rotor, and wherein the casing has a casing flow path communicating with the second radial hole and opening on the upper side in the axial direction of the stator in the casing. 10. The electric motor according to claim 3,
wherein the rotary shaft is provided so as to be rotatable about the axis extending in the vertical direction, and the rotary shaft has a center hole extending from an end portion on the upper side in the axial direction of the rotary shaft toward the lower side in the axial direction, a first radial hole extending from the center hole to the outer peripheral surface of the rotary shaft, and a second radial hole extending from the center hole to the outer peripheral surface of the rotary shaft at the upper side in the axial direction of the first radial hole, wherein the rotor core has a rotor core flow path communicating with the first radial hole and opening into an outside of the rotor, and wherein the casing has a casing flow path communicating with the second radial hole and opening on the upper side in the axial direction of the stator in the casing. 11. The electric motor according to claim 4,
wherein the rotary shaft is provided so as to be rotatable about the axis extending in the vertical direction, and the rotary shaft has a center hole extending from an end portion on the upper side in the axial direction of the rotary shaft toward the lower side in the axial direction, a first radial hole extending from the center hole to the outer peripheral surface of the rotary shaft, and a second radial hole extending from the center hole to the outer peripheral surface of the rotary shaft at the upper side in the axial direction of the first radial hole, wherein the rotor core has a rotor core flow path communicating with the first radial hole and opening into an outside of the rotor, and wherein the casing has a casing flow path communicating with the second radial hole and opening on the upper side in the axial direction of the stator in the casing. 12. The electric motor according to claim 9, further comprising:
an upper bearing configured to support the rotary shaft so as to be rotatable about the axis with respect to the casing at the upper side in the axial direction than the rotor core on the rotary shaft, wherein the upper bearing is provided between the second radial hole and the casing flow path, and wherein the upper bearing includes:
an outer ring having an annular shape and fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the rotary shaft;
an inner ring surrounding the outer ring from the outer peripheral side thereof and fixed to the casing;
a rolling body disposed between the outer ring and the inner ring; and
a bearing shield disposed on the lower side in the axial direction of the rolling body in a space between the outer ring and the inner ring and having an annular shape. 13. The electric motor according to claim 10, further comprising:
an upper bearing configured to support the rotary shaft so as to be rotatable about the axis with respect to the casing at the upper side in the axial direction than the rotor core on the rotary shaft, wherein the upper bearing is provided between the second radial hole and the casing flow path, and wherein the upper bearing includes:
an outer ring having an annular shape and fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the rotary shaft;
an inner ring surrounding the outer ring from the outer peripheral side thereof and fixed to the casing;
a rolling body disposed between the outer ring and the inner ring; and
a bearing shield disposed on the lower side in the axial direction of the rolling body in a space between the outer ring and the inner ring and having an annular shape. 14. The electric motor according to claim 11, further comprising:
an upper bearing configured to support the rotary shaft so as to be rotatable about the axis with respect to the casing at the upper side in the axial direction than the rotor core on the rotary shaft, wherein the upper bearing is provided between the second radial hole and the casing flow path, and wherein the upper bearing includes:
an outer ring having an annular shape and fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the rotary shaft;
an inner ring surrounding the outer ring from the outer peripheral side thereof and fixed to the casing;
a rolling body disposed between the outer ring and the inner ring; and
a bearing shield disposed on the lower side in the axial direction of the rolling body in a space between the outer ring and the inner ring and having an annular shape. 15. A rotary drive system, comprising:
the electric motor according to claim 2 in which the rotary shaft is provided so as to be rotatable about the axis extending in the vertical direction, a speed reducer including an output shaft provided to be rotatable about the axis on the lower side in the axial direction of the rotary shaft projecting from the casing to the lower side in the axial direction, a transmission portion configured to reduce speed of a rotation of the rotary shaft and transmit the reduced rotation to the output shaft, and a speed reducer casing forming a second accommodating space accommodating the output shaft and the transmission portion, a lubricating oil-circulating unit configured to supply lubricating oil into the first accommodating space, recover the lubricating oil introduced into the second accommodating space from the first accommodating space, and supply again the lubricating oil to the first accommodating space. 16. A rotary drive system, comprising:
the electric motor according to claim 3 in which the rotary shaft is provided so as to be rotatable about the axis extending in the vertical direction, a speed reducer including an output shaft provided to be rotatable about the axis on the lower side in the axial direction of the rotary shaft projecting from the casing to the lower side in the axial direction, a transmission portion configured to reduce speed of a rotation of the rotary shaft and transmit the reduced rotation to the output shaft, and a speed reducer casing forming a second accommodating space accommodating the output shaft and the transmission portion, a lubricating oil-circulating unit configured to supply lubricating oil into the first accommodating space, recover the lubricating oil introduced into the second accommodating space from the first accommodating space, and supply again the lubricating oil to the first accommodating space. 17. A rotary drive system, comprising:
the electric motor according to claim 4 in which the rotary shaft is provided so as to be rotatable about the axis extending in the vertical direction, a speed reducer including an output shaft provided to be rotatable about the axis on the lower side in the axial direction of the rotary shaft projecting from the casing to the lower side in the axial direction, a transmission portion configured to reduce speed of a rotation of the rotary shaft and transmit the reduced rotation to the output shaft, and a speed reducer casing forming a second accommodating space accommodating the output shaft and the transmission portion, a lubricating oil-circulating unit configured to supply lubricating oil into the first accommodating space, recover the lubricating oil introduced into the second accommodating space from the first accommodating space, and supply again the lubricating oil to the first accommodating space. 18. A hydraulic excavator, comprising:
an undercarriage; an upper swing body provided on the undercarriage; a rotary drive system according to claim 15 configured to swing the upper swing body about the axis with respect to the undercarriage. 19. A hydraulic excavator, comprising:
an undercarriage; an upper swing body provided on the undercarriage; a rotary drive system according to claim 16 configured to swing the upper swing body about the axis with respect to the undercarriage. 20. A hydraulic excavator, comprising:
an undercarriage; an upper swing body provided on the undercarriage; a rotary drive system according to claim 17 configured to swing the upper swing body about the axis with respect to the undercarriage. | 2,800 |
349,215 | 350,089 | 16,757,834 | 2,829 | An external rearview device for a motor vehicle includes a base assembly provided for arrangement on the motor vehicle; a head assembly configured to be attached to the base assembly; rearview means including at least one of a camera unit and a reflective element secured within the head assembly, the head assembly configured to be detachable and selected from a set comprising a first head assembly with a first rearview means including at least one reflective element and a second head assembly with a second rearview means including at least one reflective element, and a camera unit configured to obtain a rearview image through the reflective element, and a third head assembly with a third rearview means including the camera unit. | 1. An external rearview device for a motor vehicle, comprising:
a base assembly provided for arrangement on the motor vehicle; a head assembly configured to be attached to the base assembly; rearview means comprising at least one of a camera unit and a reflective element secured within the head assembly; a first head assembly with a first rearview means comprising at least one reflective element in form of a mirror glass; a second head assembly with a second rearview means comprising at least one reflective element in form of an at least partly translucent mirror glass, and a camera unit being configured to obtain a rearview image through the reflective element; and a third head assembly with a third rearview means comprising a camera unit configured to obtain a rearview image through an opening, wherein the head assembly is configured to be detachable and is selected to be the first, second or third head assembly with the first, second and third head assembly being exchangeable with each other. 2. The external rearview device of claim 1, wherein at least one of:
one or more of the first, second, and third head assembly is moveably attachable to the base assembly, and the base assembly is fixed relative to the motor vehicle. 3. The external rearview device of claim 2, wherein at least one of:
the first and second head assembly are moveable and the third head assembly is fixed, and each moveable head assembly comprises an articulation assembly, the articulation assembly comprising a fixed part attached to the fixed base assembly and a moveable part attached to the head assembly. 4. The external rearview device of claim 1, further comprising a locking system with a locked state and an unlocked state, wherein the head assembly is removable from the base assembly in the unlocked state and locked to the base assembly in the locked state, wherein at least one of:
the locking system is suited to be actuated by a driver of the vehicle to switch between the locked and the unlocked state, and vice versa, and actuating means of the locking system being suited to be actuated manually, electrically or via one or more of a remote device, a gesture, or voice command. 5. The external rearview device of claim 1, further comprising a pivot joint system provided between the base assembly and the head assembly comprising at least one spherical seat. 6. The external rearview device of claim 1, further comprising a cradle, wherein at least one of:
the cradle has a seat adapted to be put on the base assembly and to be attached by attaching a case frame to the base assembly, the cradle is configured to attach to the base assembly via the pivot joint system, and the cradle comprises a recess or opening for accommodating at last part of the articulation system or an actuator system of the articulation system. 7. The external rearview device of claim 6, wherein at least one of:
the pivot joint system acts between the base assembly and the case frame or bayonet means fixedly attached to the case frame, and the pivot joint system comprises a torsion spring, the torsion spring having one end attached to the base assembly and another end attached to the case frame or the bayonet means. 8. The external rearview device of claim 6, wherein at least one of:
the cradle is configured to attach to the base assembly via the pivot joint system, or the cradle or the seat of the cradle is arranged between two sealing means acting as pivot seals, and at least one of:
one sealing means is attached to the base assembly and the other sealing means is attached to the case frame, or
each sealing means being a two component gasket with a hard part providing a clips function and a soft part compensating tolerances. 9. The rearview device of claim 7, wherein the seat of the cradle is a spherical seat being concentrically to the axis of the pivot joint system. 10. The external rearview device of claim 1, further comprising
at least one functional module, comprising at least one of:
a further camera,
a light module in form of a turn signal indicator module or a blind spot indicator module,
a display integrated in the head assembly or provided together with the reflective element,
a Bluetooth module, and
a sensor module or a temperature sensor. 11. The external rearview device of claim 3, further comprising a camera connector which is positioned in a non-moving area of the fixed base assembly or in a non-moving area of the moveable head assembly and receives the camera unit. 12. The external rearview device of claim 1, wherein
the first, second and third head assembly each comprises an upper cover and a front cover, and at least one of the first, second and third head assembly comprises a lower cover for housing an internal structure comprising a case frame or the articulation assembly. 13. The external rearview device of claim 12, wherein at least one of:
one or more of the upper covers and lower covers of the first and second head assemblies have the same structure, the front covers of the first and second head assemblies have the same structure, and the front covers of the first, second and third head assemblies each comprise a bezel with the bezel of the second head assembly having an opening so that the camera unit can obtain a rearview image through the reflective element or comprises the bezel of the third head assembly, and the second head assembly comprises the third head assembly. 14. The external rearview device of claim 12, wherein one or more of the case frame or the articulation assembly is provided with attachment means for the attachment of a fixed component or the camera unit. 15. The external rearview device of claim 1, wherein the base assembly is configured to receive the first, second or third head assembly via a head assembly interface. 16. The external rearview device of claim 1, wherein at least one of:
the base assembly is selected from a plurality of different base assemblies comprising a sail mount base assembly, a waist mount base assembly and a door mount base assembly, and the base assembly is adapted to the motor vehicle. 17. The external rearview device of claim 16, wherein each base assembly comprises a base frame, one or more base covers, a gasket, and a pivot seal, with a bayonet tower extending into the head assembly interface. 18. (canceled) 19. (canceled) 20. A vehicle with at least one rearview device according to claim 1. | An external rearview device for a motor vehicle includes a base assembly provided for arrangement on the motor vehicle; a head assembly configured to be attached to the base assembly; rearview means including at least one of a camera unit and a reflective element secured within the head assembly, the head assembly configured to be detachable and selected from a set comprising a first head assembly with a first rearview means including at least one reflective element and a second head assembly with a second rearview means including at least one reflective element, and a camera unit configured to obtain a rearview image through the reflective element, and a third head assembly with a third rearview means including the camera unit.1. An external rearview device for a motor vehicle, comprising:
a base assembly provided for arrangement on the motor vehicle; a head assembly configured to be attached to the base assembly; rearview means comprising at least one of a camera unit and a reflective element secured within the head assembly; a first head assembly with a first rearview means comprising at least one reflective element in form of a mirror glass; a second head assembly with a second rearview means comprising at least one reflective element in form of an at least partly translucent mirror glass, and a camera unit being configured to obtain a rearview image through the reflective element; and a third head assembly with a third rearview means comprising a camera unit configured to obtain a rearview image through an opening, wherein the head assembly is configured to be detachable and is selected to be the first, second or third head assembly with the first, second and third head assembly being exchangeable with each other. 2. The external rearview device of claim 1, wherein at least one of:
one or more of the first, second, and third head assembly is moveably attachable to the base assembly, and the base assembly is fixed relative to the motor vehicle. 3. The external rearview device of claim 2, wherein at least one of:
the first and second head assembly are moveable and the third head assembly is fixed, and each moveable head assembly comprises an articulation assembly, the articulation assembly comprising a fixed part attached to the fixed base assembly and a moveable part attached to the head assembly. 4. The external rearview device of claim 1, further comprising a locking system with a locked state and an unlocked state, wherein the head assembly is removable from the base assembly in the unlocked state and locked to the base assembly in the locked state, wherein at least one of:
the locking system is suited to be actuated by a driver of the vehicle to switch between the locked and the unlocked state, and vice versa, and actuating means of the locking system being suited to be actuated manually, electrically or via one or more of a remote device, a gesture, or voice command. 5. The external rearview device of claim 1, further comprising a pivot joint system provided between the base assembly and the head assembly comprising at least one spherical seat. 6. The external rearview device of claim 1, further comprising a cradle, wherein at least one of:
the cradle has a seat adapted to be put on the base assembly and to be attached by attaching a case frame to the base assembly, the cradle is configured to attach to the base assembly via the pivot joint system, and the cradle comprises a recess or opening for accommodating at last part of the articulation system or an actuator system of the articulation system. 7. The external rearview device of claim 6, wherein at least one of:
the pivot joint system acts between the base assembly and the case frame or bayonet means fixedly attached to the case frame, and the pivot joint system comprises a torsion spring, the torsion spring having one end attached to the base assembly and another end attached to the case frame or the bayonet means. 8. The external rearview device of claim 6, wherein at least one of:
the cradle is configured to attach to the base assembly via the pivot joint system, or the cradle or the seat of the cradle is arranged between two sealing means acting as pivot seals, and at least one of:
one sealing means is attached to the base assembly and the other sealing means is attached to the case frame, or
each sealing means being a two component gasket with a hard part providing a clips function and a soft part compensating tolerances. 9. The rearview device of claim 7, wherein the seat of the cradle is a spherical seat being concentrically to the axis of the pivot joint system. 10. The external rearview device of claim 1, further comprising
at least one functional module, comprising at least one of:
a further camera,
a light module in form of a turn signal indicator module or a blind spot indicator module,
a display integrated in the head assembly or provided together with the reflective element,
a Bluetooth module, and
a sensor module or a temperature sensor. 11. The external rearview device of claim 3, further comprising a camera connector which is positioned in a non-moving area of the fixed base assembly or in a non-moving area of the moveable head assembly and receives the camera unit. 12. The external rearview device of claim 1, wherein
the first, second and third head assembly each comprises an upper cover and a front cover, and at least one of the first, second and third head assembly comprises a lower cover for housing an internal structure comprising a case frame or the articulation assembly. 13. The external rearview device of claim 12, wherein at least one of:
one or more of the upper covers and lower covers of the first and second head assemblies have the same structure, the front covers of the first and second head assemblies have the same structure, and the front covers of the first, second and third head assemblies each comprise a bezel with the bezel of the second head assembly having an opening so that the camera unit can obtain a rearview image through the reflective element or comprises the bezel of the third head assembly, and the second head assembly comprises the third head assembly. 14. The external rearview device of claim 12, wherein one or more of the case frame or the articulation assembly is provided with attachment means for the attachment of a fixed component or the camera unit. 15. The external rearview device of claim 1, wherein the base assembly is configured to receive the first, second or third head assembly via a head assembly interface. 16. The external rearview device of claim 1, wherein at least one of:
the base assembly is selected from a plurality of different base assemblies comprising a sail mount base assembly, a waist mount base assembly and a door mount base assembly, and the base assembly is adapted to the motor vehicle. 17. The external rearview device of claim 16, wherein each base assembly comprises a base frame, one or more base covers, a gasket, and a pivot seal, with a bayonet tower extending into the head assembly interface. 18. (canceled) 19. (canceled) 20. A vehicle with at least one rearview device according to claim 1. | 2,800 |
349,216 | 350,090 | 16,757,865 | 2,829 | Disclosed herein are a cart handle assembly with power assist function, which enables a user to easily move a cart by detecting a direction, in which a user's force is applied, to assist power in that direction, and a cart having the same. According to the disclosure, it is possible to improve user's convenience since a user can easily move a cart by detecting a direction, in which a user's force is applied, to provide an assist force (power assist function) in that direction. | 1.-18. (canceled) 19. A cart handle assembly, comprising:
a handle bar locatable at one side of a cart to receive an external force in a direction of movement of the cart, the handle bar including a first side and a second side; and a force sensing module including:
a connection bracket located at the first side and the second side of the handle bar and configured to be provided on a body of the cart, the connection bracket being moved in a direction of the external force to the handle bar;
a force sensor coupled to the connection bracket to detect a direction of movement of the connection bracket; and
a support frame supporting the force sensor. 20. The cart handle assembly according to claim 19, wherein the force sensor includes a first end and a second end, and
wherein the first end of the force sensor is coupled to the connection bracket and the second end of the force sensor is coupled to the support frame. 21. The cart handle assembly according to claim 20, wherein the support frame is fixable to the body of the cart. 22. The cart handle assembly according to claim 21, further comprising:
a first handle cover frame coupled to the first side of the handle bar; a second handle cover frame coupled to the second side of the handle bar; a first handle support frame coupled to the first handle cover frame; and a second handle support frame coupled to the second handle cover frame. 23. The cart handle assembly according to claim 22, wherein the first handle support frame and the second handle support frame each include a first end extending in a first direction and a second end extending in a second direction, the first direction being different than the second direction. 24. The cart handle assembly according to claim 23, wherein the first handle support frame and the second handle support frame each has an “L” shape. 25. The cart handle assembly according to claim 22, wherein the connection bracket includes a first end connected to the first side of the handle bar and a second end connected to the second side of the handle bar. 26. The cart handle assembly according to claim 25, wherein the first end of the connection bracket is connected to the first handle support frame, and
wherein the second end of the connection bracket is connected to the second handle support frame. 27. The cart handle assembly according to claim 22, further comprising:
a pair of first subframes, each first subframe having a first end and a second end, the first end of each first subframe being coupled to the first end of a respective one of the first handle support frame and the second handle support frame; a pair of second subframes, each second subframe having a first end and a second end, the first end of each second subframe being coupled to the second end of a respective one of the first handle support frame and the second handle support frame; and a hinge part coupling each first subframe to the respective second subframe. 28. The cart handle assembly according to claim 27, wherein the connection bracket is coupled to the second end of each of the pair of first subframes. 29. A cart, comprising:
a body including:
a driver to generate power; and
a controller configured to control the driver;
a wheel coupled to the body to move the body; a handle bar provided at a first side of the body to receive an external force applied in a direction of movement of the body, the handle bar including a first side and a second side; and a force sensing module including:
a connection bracket connected to each of the first side and the second side of the handle bar, the connection bracket movable in a direction of the external force input to the handle bar;
a force sensor coupled to the connection bracket to detect a direction of movement of the connection bracket; and
a support frame supporting the force sensor,
the controller being configured to transmit the power generated by the driver to the wheel according to the direction of movement of the connection bracket detected by the force sensor. 30. The cart according to claim 29, wherein the force sensor includes a first end and a second end, and
wherein the first end of the force sensor is coupled to the connection bracket and the second end of the force sensor is coupled to the support frame. 31. The cart according to claim 30, wherein the support frame is fixed to the body of the cart to support the second end of the force sensor. 32. The cart according to claim 31, further comprising:
a first handle cover frame coupled to the first side of the handle bar; a second handle cover frame coupled to the second side of the handle bar; a first handle support frame coupled to the first handle cover frame; and a second handle support frame coupled to the second handle cover frame. 33. The cart according to claim 32, further including a first subframe having a first end and a second end, the first end of the first subframe being coupled to the first end of a respective one of the first handle support frame and the second handle support frame,
wherein the connection bracket is coupled to the second end of the first subframe. 34. A cart, comprising:
a body including:
a driver to generate power; and
a controller configured to control the driver;
a wheel coupled to the body to move the body; a handle assembly including:
a handle bar to receive an external force applied in a direction of movement of the body; and
a handle support frame extending from the handle bar to transmit the force applied to the handle bar; and
a force sensing module including:
a force sensor connected to the body to detect the force transmitted from the handle support frame; and
a support frame supporting the force sensor,
the controller being configured to transmit the power generated by the driver to the wheel according to the direction of movement of the handle bar detected by the force sensor. 35. The cart according to claim 34, wherein the force sensor includes a first end and a second end,
wherein a first end of the force sensor is fixedly coupled to the handle support frame and a second end of the force sensor is a free end, and wherein force sensor is deformable by the force transmitted from the handle support frame to detect the force. 36. The cart according to claim 35, wherein the handle assembly further includes a subframe coupled to a lower end of the handle support frame to transmit the force applied to the handle support frame to the force sensor. 37. The cart according to claim 36, wherein the subframe has a rotating part disposed adjacent to the force sensor. 38. The cart according to claim 36, wherein the support frame is fixed to the lower portion of the body of the cart to support the second end of the force sensor. | Disclosed herein are a cart handle assembly with power assist function, which enables a user to easily move a cart by detecting a direction, in which a user's force is applied, to assist power in that direction, and a cart having the same. According to the disclosure, it is possible to improve user's convenience since a user can easily move a cart by detecting a direction, in which a user's force is applied, to provide an assist force (power assist function) in that direction.1.-18. (canceled) 19. A cart handle assembly, comprising:
a handle bar locatable at one side of a cart to receive an external force in a direction of movement of the cart, the handle bar including a first side and a second side; and a force sensing module including:
a connection bracket located at the first side and the second side of the handle bar and configured to be provided on a body of the cart, the connection bracket being moved in a direction of the external force to the handle bar;
a force sensor coupled to the connection bracket to detect a direction of movement of the connection bracket; and
a support frame supporting the force sensor. 20. The cart handle assembly according to claim 19, wherein the force sensor includes a first end and a second end, and
wherein the first end of the force sensor is coupled to the connection bracket and the second end of the force sensor is coupled to the support frame. 21. The cart handle assembly according to claim 20, wherein the support frame is fixable to the body of the cart. 22. The cart handle assembly according to claim 21, further comprising:
a first handle cover frame coupled to the first side of the handle bar; a second handle cover frame coupled to the second side of the handle bar; a first handle support frame coupled to the first handle cover frame; and a second handle support frame coupled to the second handle cover frame. 23. The cart handle assembly according to claim 22, wherein the first handle support frame and the second handle support frame each include a first end extending in a first direction and a second end extending in a second direction, the first direction being different than the second direction. 24. The cart handle assembly according to claim 23, wherein the first handle support frame and the second handle support frame each has an “L” shape. 25. The cart handle assembly according to claim 22, wherein the connection bracket includes a first end connected to the first side of the handle bar and a second end connected to the second side of the handle bar. 26. The cart handle assembly according to claim 25, wherein the first end of the connection bracket is connected to the first handle support frame, and
wherein the second end of the connection bracket is connected to the second handle support frame. 27. The cart handle assembly according to claim 22, further comprising:
a pair of first subframes, each first subframe having a first end and a second end, the first end of each first subframe being coupled to the first end of a respective one of the first handle support frame and the second handle support frame; a pair of second subframes, each second subframe having a first end and a second end, the first end of each second subframe being coupled to the second end of a respective one of the first handle support frame and the second handle support frame; and a hinge part coupling each first subframe to the respective second subframe. 28. The cart handle assembly according to claim 27, wherein the connection bracket is coupled to the second end of each of the pair of first subframes. 29. A cart, comprising:
a body including:
a driver to generate power; and
a controller configured to control the driver;
a wheel coupled to the body to move the body; a handle bar provided at a first side of the body to receive an external force applied in a direction of movement of the body, the handle bar including a first side and a second side; and a force sensing module including:
a connection bracket connected to each of the first side and the second side of the handle bar, the connection bracket movable in a direction of the external force input to the handle bar;
a force sensor coupled to the connection bracket to detect a direction of movement of the connection bracket; and
a support frame supporting the force sensor,
the controller being configured to transmit the power generated by the driver to the wheel according to the direction of movement of the connection bracket detected by the force sensor. 30. The cart according to claim 29, wherein the force sensor includes a first end and a second end, and
wherein the first end of the force sensor is coupled to the connection bracket and the second end of the force sensor is coupled to the support frame. 31. The cart according to claim 30, wherein the support frame is fixed to the body of the cart to support the second end of the force sensor. 32. The cart according to claim 31, further comprising:
a first handle cover frame coupled to the first side of the handle bar; a second handle cover frame coupled to the second side of the handle bar; a first handle support frame coupled to the first handle cover frame; and a second handle support frame coupled to the second handle cover frame. 33. The cart according to claim 32, further including a first subframe having a first end and a second end, the first end of the first subframe being coupled to the first end of a respective one of the first handle support frame and the second handle support frame,
wherein the connection bracket is coupled to the second end of the first subframe. 34. A cart, comprising:
a body including:
a driver to generate power; and
a controller configured to control the driver;
a wheel coupled to the body to move the body; a handle assembly including:
a handle bar to receive an external force applied in a direction of movement of the body; and
a handle support frame extending from the handle bar to transmit the force applied to the handle bar; and
a force sensing module including:
a force sensor connected to the body to detect the force transmitted from the handle support frame; and
a support frame supporting the force sensor,
the controller being configured to transmit the power generated by the driver to the wheel according to the direction of movement of the handle bar detected by the force sensor. 35. The cart according to claim 34, wherein the force sensor includes a first end and a second end,
wherein a first end of the force sensor is fixedly coupled to the handle support frame and a second end of the force sensor is a free end, and wherein force sensor is deformable by the force transmitted from the handle support frame to detect the force. 36. The cart according to claim 35, wherein the handle assembly further includes a subframe coupled to a lower end of the handle support frame to transmit the force applied to the handle support frame to the force sensor. 37. The cart according to claim 36, wherein the subframe has a rotating part disposed adjacent to the force sensor. 38. The cart according to claim 36, wherein the support frame is fixed to the lower portion of the body of the cart to support the second end of the force sensor. | 2,800 |
349,217 | 350,091 | 16,757,856 | 2,829 | A method and apparatus for measuring a reference signal strength indication (RSSI) in a wireless communication system is provided. When a semi-static downlink/uplink (DL/UL) configuration or a dynamic slot formation indication (SFI) is not received from a network, a user equipment (UE) determines RSSI measurement resources based on detected synchronization signal (SS)/physical broadcast channel (PBCH) block, and measuring the RSSI based on the RSSI measurement resources. | 1. A method for measuring a reference signal strength indication (RSSI) by a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system, the method comprising:
detecting that a semi-static downlink/uplink (DL/UL) configuration or a dynamic slot formation indication (SFI) is not received from a network; determining RSSI measurement resources based on detected synchronization signal (SS)/physical broadcast channel (PBCH) block; and measuring the RSSI based on the RSSI measurement resources. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the RSSI measurement resources includes at least one of symbols before the detected SS/PBCH block. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein a number of the symbols before the detected SS/PBCH block depends on at least one of a numerology for the detected SS/PBCH block or a composition pattern of the detected SS/PBCH block. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein a maximum number of the symbols before the detected SS/PBCH block is configured per frequency band based on a lowest subcarrier spacing used in a frequency range. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the RSSI measurement resources includes symbols within the SS/PBCH block. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the RSSI measurement resources includes at least one of symbols after the detected SS/PBCH block. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the detected SS/PBCH block is a first SS/PBCH block among a plurality of SS/PBCH blocks in a slot. 8. A user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system, the UE comprising:
a memory; a transceiver; and a processor, operably coupled to the memory and the transceiver, that: detects that a semi-static downlink/uplink (DL/UL) configuration or a dynamic slot formation indication (SFI) is not received from a network; determines RSSI measurement resources based on detected synchronization signal (SS)/physical broadcast channel (PBCH) block; and measures a reference signal strength indication (RSSI) based on the RSSI measurement resources. 9. The UE of claim 8, wherein the RSSI measurement resources includes at least one of symbols before the detected SS/PBCH block. 10. The UE of claim 9, wherein a number of the symbols before the detected SS/PBCH block depends on at least one of a numerology for the detected SS/PBCH block or a composition pattern of the detected SS/PBCH block. 11. The UE of claim 9, wherein a maximum number of the symbols before the detected SS/PBCH block is configured per frequency band based on a lowest subcarrier spacing used in a frequency range. 12. The UE of claim 8, wherein the RSSI measurement resources includes symbols within the SS/PBCH block. 13. The UE of claim 8, wherein the RSSI measurement resources includes at least one of symbols after the detected SS/PBCH block. 14. The UE of claim 8, wherein the detected SS/PBCH block is a first SS/PBCH block among a plurality of SS/PBCH blocks in a slot. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the UE is in communication with at least one of a mobile device, a network, and/or autonomous vehicles other than the UE. | A method and apparatus for measuring a reference signal strength indication (RSSI) in a wireless communication system is provided. When a semi-static downlink/uplink (DL/UL) configuration or a dynamic slot formation indication (SFI) is not received from a network, a user equipment (UE) determines RSSI measurement resources based on detected synchronization signal (SS)/physical broadcast channel (PBCH) block, and measuring the RSSI based on the RSSI measurement resources.1. A method for measuring a reference signal strength indication (RSSI) by a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system, the method comprising:
detecting that a semi-static downlink/uplink (DL/UL) configuration or a dynamic slot formation indication (SFI) is not received from a network; determining RSSI measurement resources based on detected synchronization signal (SS)/physical broadcast channel (PBCH) block; and measuring the RSSI based on the RSSI measurement resources. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the RSSI measurement resources includes at least one of symbols before the detected SS/PBCH block. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein a number of the symbols before the detected SS/PBCH block depends on at least one of a numerology for the detected SS/PBCH block or a composition pattern of the detected SS/PBCH block. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein a maximum number of the symbols before the detected SS/PBCH block is configured per frequency band based on a lowest subcarrier spacing used in a frequency range. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the RSSI measurement resources includes symbols within the SS/PBCH block. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the RSSI measurement resources includes at least one of symbols after the detected SS/PBCH block. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the detected SS/PBCH block is a first SS/PBCH block among a plurality of SS/PBCH blocks in a slot. 8. A user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system, the UE comprising:
a memory; a transceiver; and a processor, operably coupled to the memory and the transceiver, that: detects that a semi-static downlink/uplink (DL/UL) configuration or a dynamic slot formation indication (SFI) is not received from a network; determines RSSI measurement resources based on detected synchronization signal (SS)/physical broadcast channel (PBCH) block; and measures a reference signal strength indication (RSSI) based on the RSSI measurement resources. 9. The UE of claim 8, wherein the RSSI measurement resources includes at least one of symbols before the detected SS/PBCH block. 10. The UE of claim 9, wherein a number of the symbols before the detected SS/PBCH block depends on at least one of a numerology for the detected SS/PBCH block or a composition pattern of the detected SS/PBCH block. 11. The UE of claim 9, wherein a maximum number of the symbols before the detected SS/PBCH block is configured per frequency band based on a lowest subcarrier spacing used in a frequency range. 12. The UE of claim 8, wherein the RSSI measurement resources includes symbols within the SS/PBCH block. 13. The UE of claim 8, wherein the RSSI measurement resources includes at least one of symbols after the detected SS/PBCH block. 14. The UE of claim 8, wherein the detected SS/PBCH block is a first SS/PBCH block among a plurality of SS/PBCH blocks in a slot. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the UE is in communication with at least one of a mobile device, a network, and/or autonomous vehicles other than the UE. | 2,800 |
349,218 | 350,092 | 16,757,851 | 2,829 | The present invention relates to methods and compositions for targeted insertion of polynucleotide molecules into ideal target sites in the genome of a maize plant. The present invention relates to maize recombinant molecules comprising heterologous sequences and also to methods of integrating a DNA of interest into a target maize genomic locus in a maize genome. The present invention also relates to regenerated maize plants or plant parts comprising the recombinant molecules and/or a DNA of interest. | 1. A method of integrating a DNA of interest into a target maize genomic locus in a maize genome, wherein the target maize genomic locus comprises a nucleic acid sequence having at least 80% sequence identity to at least 100 contiguous nucleotides of SEQ ID NO: 1-71 or the complement thereof, comprising introducing into a maize cell:
a) a first nucleic acid molecule comprising at least 100 contiguous nucleotides with at least 80% identity to at least 100 contiguous nucleotides of SEQ ID NO: 1-71 or the complement thereof, and further comprising the DNA of interest; and b) a second nucleic acid molecule comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding a nuclease for site-directed cleavage at a genomic nuclease cleavage site within the target maize genomic locus, 2. The method of claim 1, wherein two or more DNA of interest are inserted into two or more targeted maize genomic loci. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the DNA of interest inserted into the target maize genomic locus via homologous recombination. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the DNA of interest inserted into the target maize genomic locus via non-homologous end-joining. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the DNA of interest and/or the target maize genomic locus are modified during insertion of said DNA of interest into said target maize genomic locus. 6. A method of producing a maize plant, plant part, or progeny thereof comprising a DNA of interest, comprising regenerating a maize plant from the maize cell produced by the method of claim 1. 7. A maize plant, plant part, or progeny thereof comprising a DNA of interest, produced by the method of claim 6. 8. A method of making a maize plant cell comprising a DNA of interest, said method comprising:
a. selecting a target maize genomic locus, wherein the target maize genomic locus comprises a nucleic acid sequence having at least 80% sequence identity to a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 1-71, and the complement thereof; b. selecting a site specific nuclease that specifically binds to and cleaves a genomic nuclease cleavage site within said target maize genomic locus; c. introducing said site specific nuclease and a DNA of interest into the maize plant cell; d. allowing the DNA of interest to insert into the target maize genomic locus; and e. selecting maize plant cells that comprise the DNA of interest inserted into the target maize genomic locus. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the target maize genomic locus comprises a nucleic acid sequence with at least 80% sequence identity to a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 1, 8, 9, 13, 21, 22, 23, 31, 37, 39, 40, 44, 46, 55, 56, 57, 62-71, and the complement thereof. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein two or more DNAs of interest are inserted into two or more targeted maize genomic loci. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the DNA of interest is inserted into the target maize genomic locus via homologous recombination. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein the DNA of interest is inserted into the target maize genomic locus via non-homologous end-joining. 13. The method of claim 9, wherein the DNA of interest and/or the target maize genomic locus are modified during insertion of said DNA of interest into said target maize genomic locus. 14. The method of claim 9, wherein the site specific nuclease is a Cas-associated nuclease and wherein a third nucleic acid molecule encoding a guide RNA is introduced into the maize cell. 15. The method of claim 9, wherein the site specific nuclease is a Cas-associated nuclease and wherein a third nucleic acid molecule comprising a guide RNA is introduced into the maize cell. 16. A method of producing a maize plant or plant part, or progeny thereof, comprising a transgene integrated into a genomic nuclease cleavage site in the maize genome, comprising regenerating a maize plant from the maize cell produced by the method of claim 9. 17. A maize plant or plant part, or progeny thereof, comprising a transgene integrated into a genomic nuclease cleavage site in the maize genome, produced by the method of claim 16. 18. A maize recombinant molecule, wherein the recombinant molecule comprises a nucleic acid sequence of at least 100 nucleotides and has at least 80% sequence identity to at least 100 contiguous nucleotides of SEQ ID NO: 1-71 or the complement thereof, and wherein the recombinant molecule further comprises a DNA of interest, wherein the DNA of interest is inserted into the nucleic acid sequence to produce said recombinant molecule. 19. The recombinant molecule of claim 18, wherein the recombinant sequence comprises a nucleic acid sequence of at least 1 Kb and has at least 80% sequence identity to a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 1, 8, 9, 13, 21, 22, 23, 31, 37, 39, 40, 44, 46, 55, 56, 57, 62-71, and the complement thereof. 20. A maize plant, plant part, or plant cell comprising the recombinant molecule of claim 18. | The present invention relates to methods and compositions for targeted insertion of polynucleotide molecules into ideal target sites in the genome of a maize plant. The present invention relates to maize recombinant molecules comprising heterologous sequences and also to methods of integrating a DNA of interest into a target maize genomic locus in a maize genome. The present invention also relates to regenerated maize plants or plant parts comprising the recombinant molecules and/or a DNA of interest.1. A method of integrating a DNA of interest into a target maize genomic locus in a maize genome, wherein the target maize genomic locus comprises a nucleic acid sequence having at least 80% sequence identity to at least 100 contiguous nucleotides of SEQ ID NO: 1-71 or the complement thereof, comprising introducing into a maize cell:
a) a first nucleic acid molecule comprising at least 100 contiguous nucleotides with at least 80% identity to at least 100 contiguous nucleotides of SEQ ID NO: 1-71 or the complement thereof, and further comprising the DNA of interest; and b) a second nucleic acid molecule comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding a nuclease for site-directed cleavage at a genomic nuclease cleavage site within the target maize genomic locus, 2. The method of claim 1, wherein two or more DNA of interest are inserted into two or more targeted maize genomic loci. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the DNA of interest inserted into the target maize genomic locus via homologous recombination. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the DNA of interest inserted into the target maize genomic locus via non-homologous end-joining. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the DNA of interest and/or the target maize genomic locus are modified during insertion of said DNA of interest into said target maize genomic locus. 6. A method of producing a maize plant, plant part, or progeny thereof comprising a DNA of interest, comprising regenerating a maize plant from the maize cell produced by the method of claim 1. 7. A maize plant, plant part, or progeny thereof comprising a DNA of interest, produced by the method of claim 6. 8. A method of making a maize plant cell comprising a DNA of interest, said method comprising:
a. selecting a target maize genomic locus, wherein the target maize genomic locus comprises a nucleic acid sequence having at least 80% sequence identity to a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 1-71, and the complement thereof; b. selecting a site specific nuclease that specifically binds to and cleaves a genomic nuclease cleavage site within said target maize genomic locus; c. introducing said site specific nuclease and a DNA of interest into the maize plant cell; d. allowing the DNA of interest to insert into the target maize genomic locus; and e. selecting maize plant cells that comprise the DNA of interest inserted into the target maize genomic locus. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the target maize genomic locus comprises a nucleic acid sequence with at least 80% sequence identity to a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 1, 8, 9, 13, 21, 22, 23, 31, 37, 39, 40, 44, 46, 55, 56, 57, 62-71, and the complement thereof. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein two or more DNAs of interest are inserted into two or more targeted maize genomic loci. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the DNA of interest is inserted into the target maize genomic locus via homologous recombination. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein the DNA of interest is inserted into the target maize genomic locus via non-homologous end-joining. 13. The method of claim 9, wherein the DNA of interest and/or the target maize genomic locus are modified during insertion of said DNA of interest into said target maize genomic locus. 14. The method of claim 9, wherein the site specific nuclease is a Cas-associated nuclease and wherein a third nucleic acid molecule encoding a guide RNA is introduced into the maize cell. 15. The method of claim 9, wherein the site specific nuclease is a Cas-associated nuclease and wherein a third nucleic acid molecule comprising a guide RNA is introduced into the maize cell. 16. A method of producing a maize plant or plant part, or progeny thereof, comprising a transgene integrated into a genomic nuclease cleavage site in the maize genome, comprising regenerating a maize plant from the maize cell produced by the method of claim 9. 17. A maize plant or plant part, or progeny thereof, comprising a transgene integrated into a genomic nuclease cleavage site in the maize genome, produced by the method of claim 16. 18. A maize recombinant molecule, wherein the recombinant molecule comprises a nucleic acid sequence of at least 100 nucleotides and has at least 80% sequence identity to at least 100 contiguous nucleotides of SEQ ID NO: 1-71 or the complement thereof, and wherein the recombinant molecule further comprises a DNA of interest, wherein the DNA of interest is inserted into the nucleic acid sequence to produce said recombinant molecule. 19. The recombinant molecule of claim 18, wherein the recombinant sequence comprises a nucleic acid sequence of at least 1 Kb and has at least 80% sequence identity to a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 1, 8, 9, 13, 21, 22, 23, 31, 37, 39, 40, 44, 46, 55, 56, 57, 62-71, and the complement thereof. 20. A maize plant, plant part, or plant cell comprising the recombinant molecule of claim 18. | 2,800 |
349,219 | 350,093 | 16,757,861 | 2,829 | By sequentially performing: a step (I) of dissolving fullerene C60 in a polyalkylene glycol to prepare a fullerene solution; a step (II) of immersing a material carbon fiber in the fullerene solution; and a step (III) of extracting the carbon fiber from the fullerene solution, washing the extracted carbon fiber with water, and drying the carbon fiber washed with water, a carbon fiber on which fullerene C60 adsorbs is obtained. | 1. A carbon fiber on which fullerene C60 adsorbs. 2. The carbon fiber according to claim 1, wherein the fullerene C60 adsorbs by 0.001 parts by mass to 1 part by mass per 1000 parts by mass of the carbon fiber. 3. A method of manufacturing a carbon fiber on which fullerene C60 adsorbs, the method comprising sequentially performing:
dissolving fullerene C60 in a polyalkylene glycol to prepare a fullerene solution; immersing a material carbon fiber in the fullerene solution; and extracting the carbon fiber from the fullerene solution, washing the extracted carbon fiber with water, and drying the carbon fiber washed with water. 4. The method of manufacturing the carbon fiber according to claim 3, wherein a concentration of the fullerene C60 in the solution is 1 ppm by mass to 1000 ppm by mass. 5. The method of manufacturing the carbon fiber according to claim 3, wherein the polyalkylene glycol is at least one kind selected from diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, and polypropylene glycol. 6. The method of manufacturing the carbon fiber according to claim 3, wherein the material carbon fiber is a polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fiber. 7. The method of manufacturing the carbon fiber according to claim 3, wherein a time of immersing the material carbon fiber is 5 seconds to 24 hours. 8. The method of manufacturing the carbon fiber according to claim 3, wherein a temperature of the solution during immersion is 10° C. to 100° C. | By sequentially performing: a step (I) of dissolving fullerene C60 in a polyalkylene glycol to prepare a fullerene solution; a step (II) of immersing a material carbon fiber in the fullerene solution; and a step (III) of extracting the carbon fiber from the fullerene solution, washing the extracted carbon fiber with water, and drying the carbon fiber washed with water, a carbon fiber on which fullerene C60 adsorbs is obtained.1. A carbon fiber on which fullerene C60 adsorbs. 2. The carbon fiber according to claim 1, wherein the fullerene C60 adsorbs by 0.001 parts by mass to 1 part by mass per 1000 parts by mass of the carbon fiber. 3. A method of manufacturing a carbon fiber on which fullerene C60 adsorbs, the method comprising sequentially performing:
dissolving fullerene C60 in a polyalkylene glycol to prepare a fullerene solution; immersing a material carbon fiber in the fullerene solution; and extracting the carbon fiber from the fullerene solution, washing the extracted carbon fiber with water, and drying the carbon fiber washed with water. 4. The method of manufacturing the carbon fiber according to claim 3, wherein a concentration of the fullerene C60 in the solution is 1 ppm by mass to 1000 ppm by mass. 5. The method of manufacturing the carbon fiber according to claim 3, wherein the polyalkylene glycol is at least one kind selected from diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, and polypropylene glycol. 6. The method of manufacturing the carbon fiber according to claim 3, wherein the material carbon fiber is a polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fiber. 7. The method of manufacturing the carbon fiber according to claim 3, wherein a time of immersing the material carbon fiber is 5 seconds to 24 hours. 8. The method of manufacturing the carbon fiber according to claim 3, wherein a temperature of the solution during immersion is 10° C. to 100° C. | 2,800 |
349,220 | 350,094 | 16,757,870 | 2,829 | The method of preparing the polycarbonate ether polyol or high molecular weight polyether carbonate using controlled addition of materials during polymerisation includes the steps of: | 1. A method for preparing a polycarbonate ether polyol, the method comprising the steps of:
(I) (a) mixing catalyst of formula (I), double metal cyanide (DMC) catalyst and optionally carbon dioxide and/or solvent with epoxide and optionally starter compound and/or carbon dioxide to form mixture (α); or
(b) mixing double metal cyanide (DMC) catalyst and optionally starter compound, carbon dioxide and/or solvent with epoxide and optionally carbon dioxide and/or solvent to form mixture (α); or
(c) mixing epoxide, catalyst of formula (I), starter compound and carbon dioxide and optionally solvent to form mixture (α); or
(d) mixing catalyst of formula (I), double metal cyanide (DMC) catalyst and optionally starter compound, epoxide, carbon dioxide and/or solvent to form mixture (α); and
(II) adding one or more of starter compound, epoxide, carbon dioxide, catalyst of formula (I), double metal cyanide (DMC) catalyst and/or solvent to mixture (α) to form mixture (β) comprising starter compound, epoxide, carbon dioxide, catalyst of formula (I), double metal cyanide (DMC) catalyst and optionally solvent,
wherein the catalyst of formula (I) has the following structure: 2. The method of claim 1, wherein during either step (I)(a) or (I)(b) the mixture (α) is held at a temperature of between about 50 to 150° C. prior to step (II). 3. The method of claim 1, wherein during either step (I)(c) or (I)(d) the mixture (α) is held at a temperature of between about 0 to 120° C. prior to step(II). 4. (canceled) 5. (canceled) 6. The method of claim 1, wherein mixture (α) comprises less than about 1 wt. % water. 7. (canceled) 8. (canceled) 9. The method of claim 1, wherein step (II) comprises mixing double metal cyanide (DMC) catalyst, epoxide, and optionally starter compound, carbon dioxide and/or solvent to form a pre-activated mixture and adding the pre-activated mixture to mixture (α) to form mixture (β). 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the pre-activated mixture is held at a temperature of between about 50 to 110° C. prior to adding. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the method employs a total amount of epoxide, and wherein about 1 to 95% of the total amount of epoxide is mixed in step (I), with the remainder added in step (II). 12-25. (canceled) 26. The method of claim 1, in which there are two starter compounds in mixture (β), wherein the starter compound in step (I) is a first starter compound, and wherein step (II) comprises:
(A) adding one or more of first starter compound, epoxide, carbon dioxide, catalyst of formula (I), double metal cyanide (DMC) catalyst and/or solvent to mixture (α); and
(B) adding a second starter compound and optionally epoxide, carbon dioxide, catalyst of formula (I), double metal cyanide (DMC) catalyst and/or solvent to form mixture (β) comprising first starter compound, second starter compound, epoxide, carbon dioxide, catalyst of formula (I), double metal cyanide (DMC) catalyst and optionally solvent. 27. (canceled) 28. The method of claim 26, wherein said first starter compound has a molecular weight of at least about 200 Da and said second starter compound has a molecular weight of at most about 200 Da. 29. (canceled) 30. The method of claim 1, wherein one starter or each starter compound has two or more hydroxyl groups. 31-40. (canceled) 41. The method of claim 1, wherein epoxide, catalyst of formula (I), double metal cyanide (DMC) catalyst and/or starter compound is, independently, continuously added in step (II). 42. The method of claim 1, wherein epoxide, catalyst of formula (I), double metal cyanide (DMC) catalyst and/or starter compound is, independently, discontinuously added in step (II). 43. The method of claim 1, wherein one starter or each starter compound has the formula (III):
ZRz)a (III)
wherein Z can be any group which can have 2 or more —Rz groups attached to it; each Rz is independently selected from —OH, —NHR′, —SH, —C(O)OH, —P(O)(OR′)(OH), —PR′(O)(OH)2 or —PR′(O)OH; R′ is selected from H, or optionally substituted alkyl, heteroalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl; and a is an integer which is at least 2. 44. The method of claim 1, wherein one starter or each starter compound is selected from 1,2-ethanediol (ethylene glycol), 1-2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol (propylene glycol), 1,2-butanediol, 1-3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 1,10-decanediol, 1,4-cyclohexanediol, 1,2-diphenol, 1,3-diphenol, 1,4-diphenol, neopentyl glycol, catechol, cyclohexenediol, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, dipropylene glycol, diethylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, polypropylene glycols (PPGs) or polyethylene glycols (PEGs) having an Mn of up to about 1500 g/mol, glycerol, benzenetriol, 1,2,4-butanetiol, 1,2,6-hexanetriol, tris(methylalcohol)propane, tris(methylalcohol)ethane, tris(methylalcohol)nitropropane, trimethylol propane, polypropylene oxide triols, polyester triols, calix[4]arene, 2,2-bis(methylalcohol)-1,3-propanediol, erythritol, pentaerythritol, sorbitol, oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, undecanedioic acid, dodecanedioic acid, lactic acid, glycolic acid, 3-hydroxypropanoic acid, 4-hydroxybutanoic acid, 5-hydroxypentanoic acid, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, methyldiethanolamine, and phenyldiethanolamine. 45. The method of claim 1, wherein the carbon dioxide is provided continuously. 46. (canceled) 47. A method for preparing a high molecular weight polyether carbonate, the method comprising the steps of:
(I) (a) mixing catalyst of formula (I), double metal cyanide (DMC) catalyst and optionally carbon dioxide and/or solvent with epoxide and optionally carbon dioxide to form mixture (α); or
(b) mixing double metal cyanide (DMC) catalyst and optionally carbon dioxide and/or solvent with epoxide and optionally carbon dioxide and/or solvent to form mixture (α); or
(c) mixing epoxide, catalyst of formula (I) and carbon dioxide and optionally solvent to form mixture (α); or
(d) mixing catalyst of formula (I), double metal cyanide (DMC) catalyst and optionally epoxide, carbon dioxide and/or solvent to form mixture (α); and
(II) adding one or more of epoxide, carbon dioxide, catalyst of formula (I), double metal cyanide (DMC) catalyst and/or solvent to mixture (α) to form mixture (β) comprising epoxide, carbon dioxide, catalyst of formula (I), double metal cyanide (DMC) catalyst and optionally solvent,
wherein the catalyst of formula (I) has the following structure: 48-52. (canceled) 53. The method of claim 47, wherein step (I) comprises firstly mixing catalyst of formula (I), double metal cyanide (DMC) catalyst and optionally carbon dioxide to form mixture (α′), and subsequently adding epoxide and optionally carbon dioxide to form mixture (α). 54-56. (canceled) 57. The method of claim 47, wherein the method employs a total amount of epoxide, and wherein about 1 to 95% of the total amount of epoxide is mixed in step (I), with the remainder added in step (II). 58-79. (canceled) 80. The method of claim 47, wherein epoxide, catalyst of formula (I) and/or double metal cyanide (DMC) catalyst is, independently, discontinuously added in step (II). 81-95. (canceled) 96. The method of claim 47, wherein the DMC catalyst is prepared by treating a solution of a metal salt with a solution of a metal cyanide salt in the presence of at least one of: complexing agent, water, and/or an acid, optionally wherein the metal salt is of the formula M′(X′)p, wherein M′ is selected from Zn(II), Ru(II), Ru(III), Fe(II), Ni(II), Mn(II), Co(II), Sn(II), Pb(II), Fe(III), Mo(IV), Mo(VI), Al(III), V(V), V(VI), Sr(II), W(IV), W(VI), Cu(II), and Cr(III),
X′ is an anion selected from halide, oxide, hydroxide, sulphate, carbonate, cyanide, oxalate, thiocyanate, isocyanate, isothiocyanate, carboxylate and nitrate,
p is an integer of 1 or more, and the charge on the anion multiplied by p satisfies the valency of M′; the metal cyanide salt is of the formula (Y)qM″(CN)b(A)c, wherein M″ is selected from Fe(II), Fe(III), Co(II), Co(III), Cr(II), Cr(III), Mn(II), Mn(III), Ir(III), Ni(II), Rh(III), Ru(II), V(IV), and V(V),
Y is a proton or an alkali metal ion or an alkaline earth metal ion (such as K+),
A is an anion selected from halide, oxide, hydroxide, sulphate, cyanide oxalate, thiocyanate, isocyanate, isothiocyanate, carboxylate and nitrate;
q and b are integers of 1 or more;
c may be 0 or an integer of 1 or more;
the sum of the charges on the anions Y, CN and A multiplied by q, b and c respectively (e.g. Y×q+CN×b+A×c) satisfies the valency of M″;
the at least one complexing agent is selected from a (poly)ether, a polyether carbonate, a polycarbonate, a poly(tetramethylene ether diol), a ketone, an ester, an amide, an alcohol, a urea or a combination thereof,
optionally wherein the at least one complexing agent is selected from propylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, (m)ethoxy ethylene glycol, dimethoxyethane, tert-butyl alcohol, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diglyme, triglyme, methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol and sec-butyl alcohol, 3-buten-1-ol, 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol, 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol, 3-methyl-1-pentyn-3-ol, or a combination thereof; and
wherein the acid, if present, has the formula HfX″′, where X′″ is an anion selected from halide, sulfate, phosphate, borate, chlorate, carbonate, cyanide, oxalate, thiocyanate, isocyanate, isothiocyanate, carboxylate and nitrate, and r is an integer corresponding to the charge on the counterion X′″. 97-101. (canceled) 102. A product formed by the method of claim 47. 103. A polycarbonate ether polyol or polyether carbonate produced by a method according to claim 47. 104. A higher polymer produced from a polycarbonate ether polyol or polyether carbonate according to claim 103. | The method of preparing the polycarbonate ether polyol or high molecular weight polyether carbonate using controlled addition of materials during polymerisation includes the steps of:1. A method for preparing a polycarbonate ether polyol, the method comprising the steps of:
(I) (a) mixing catalyst of formula (I), double metal cyanide (DMC) catalyst and optionally carbon dioxide and/or solvent with epoxide and optionally starter compound and/or carbon dioxide to form mixture (α); or
(b) mixing double metal cyanide (DMC) catalyst and optionally starter compound, carbon dioxide and/or solvent with epoxide and optionally carbon dioxide and/or solvent to form mixture (α); or
(c) mixing epoxide, catalyst of formula (I), starter compound and carbon dioxide and optionally solvent to form mixture (α); or
(d) mixing catalyst of formula (I), double metal cyanide (DMC) catalyst and optionally starter compound, epoxide, carbon dioxide and/or solvent to form mixture (α); and
(II) adding one or more of starter compound, epoxide, carbon dioxide, catalyst of formula (I), double metal cyanide (DMC) catalyst and/or solvent to mixture (α) to form mixture (β) comprising starter compound, epoxide, carbon dioxide, catalyst of formula (I), double metal cyanide (DMC) catalyst and optionally solvent,
wherein the catalyst of formula (I) has the following structure: 2. The method of claim 1, wherein during either step (I)(a) or (I)(b) the mixture (α) is held at a temperature of between about 50 to 150° C. prior to step (II). 3. The method of claim 1, wherein during either step (I)(c) or (I)(d) the mixture (α) is held at a temperature of between about 0 to 120° C. prior to step(II). 4. (canceled) 5. (canceled) 6. The method of claim 1, wherein mixture (α) comprises less than about 1 wt. % water. 7. (canceled) 8. (canceled) 9. The method of claim 1, wherein step (II) comprises mixing double metal cyanide (DMC) catalyst, epoxide, and optionally starter compound, carbon dioxide and/or solvent to form a pre-activated mixture and adding the pre-activated mixture to mixture (α) to form mixture (β). 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the pre-activated mixture is held at a temperature of between about 50 to 110° C. prior to adding. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the method employs a total amount of epoxide, and wherein about 1 to 95% of the total amount of epoxide is mixed in step (I), with the remainder added in step (II). 12-25. (canceled) 26. The method of claim 1, in which there are two starter compounds in mixture (β), wherein the starter compound in step (I) is a first starter compound, and wherein step (II) comprises:
(A) adding one or more of first starter compound, epoxide, carbon dioxide, catalyst of formula (I), double metal cyanide (DMC) catalyst and/or solvent to mixture (α); and
(B) adding a second starter compound and optionally epoxide, carbon dioxide, catalyst of formula (I), double metal cyanide (DMC) catalyst and/or solvent to form mixture (β) comprising first starter compound, second starter compound, epoxide, carbon dioxide, catalyst of formula (I), double metal cyanide (DMC) catalyst and optionally solvent. 27. (canceled) 28. The method of claim 26, wherein said first starter compound has a molecular weight of at least about 200 Da and said second starter compound has a molecular weight of at most about 200 Da. 29. (canceled) 30. The method of claim 1, wherein one starter or each starter compound has two or more hydroxyl groups. 31-40. (canceled) 41. The method of claim 1, wherein epoxide, catalyst of formula (I), double metal cyanide (DMC) catalyst and/or starter compound is, independently, continuously added in step (II). 42. The method of claim 1, wherein epoxide, catalyst of formula (I), double metal cyanide (DMC) catalyst and/or starter compound is, independently, discontinuously added in step (II). 43. The method of claim 1, wherein one starter or each starter compound has the formula (III):
ZRz)a (III)
wherein Z can be any group which can have 2 or more —Rz groups attached to it; each Rz is independently selected from —OH, —NHR′, —SH, —C(O)OH, —P(O)(OR′)(OH), —PR′(O)(OH)2 or —PR′(O)OH; R′ is selected from H, or optionally substituted alkyl, heteroalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl; and a is an integer which is at least 2. 44. The method of claim 1, wherein one starter or each starter compound is selected from 1,2-ethanediol (ethylene glycol), 1-2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol (propylene glycol), 1,2-butanediol, 1-3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 1,10-decanediol, 1,4-cyclohexanediol, 1,2-diphenol, 1,3-diphenol, 1,4-diphenol, neopentyl glycol, catechol, cyclohexenediol, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, dipropylene glycol, diethylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, polypropylene glycols (PPGs) or polyethylene glycols (PEGs) having an Mn of up to about 1500 g/mol, glycerol, benzenetriol, 1,2,4-butanetiol, 1,2,6-hexanetriol, tris(methylalcohol)propane, tris(methylalcohol)ethane, tris(methylalcohol)nitropropane, trimethylol propane, polypropylene oxide triols, polyester triols, calix[4]arene, 2,2-bis(methylalcohol)-1,3-propanediol, erythritol, pentaerythritol, sorbitol, oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, undecanedioic acid, dodecanedioic acid, lactic acid, glycolic acid, 3-hydroxypropanoic acid, 4-hydroxybutanoic acid, 5-hydroxypentanoic acid, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, methyldiethanolamine, and phenyldiethanolamine. 45. The method of claim 1, wherein the carbon dioxide is provided continuously. 46. (canceled) 47. A method for preparing a high molecular weight polyether carbonate, the method comprising the steps of:
(I) (a) mixing catalyst of formula (I), double metal cyanide (DMC) catalyst and optionally carbon dioxide and/or solvent with epoxide and optionally carbon dioxide to form mixture (α); or
(b) mixing double metal cyanide (DMC) catalyst and optionally carbon dioxide and/or solvent with epoxide and optionally carbon dioxide and/or solvent to form mixture (α); or
(c) mixing epoxide, catalyst of formula (I) and carbon dioxide and optionally solvent to form mixture (α); or
(d) mixing catalyst of formula (I), double metal cyanide (DMC) catalyst and optionally epoxide, carbon dioxide and/or solvent to form mixture (α); and
(II) adding one or more of epoxide, carbon dioxide, catalyst of formula (I), double metal cyanide (DMC) catalyst and/or solvent to mixture (α) to form mixture (β) comprising epoxide, carbon dioxide, catalyst of formula (I), double metal cyanide (DMC) catalyst and optionally solvent,
wherein the catalyst of formula (I) has the following structure: 48-52. (canceled) 53. The method of claim 47, wherein step (I) comprises firstly mixing catalyst of formula (I), double metal cyanide (DMC) catalyst and optionally carbon dioxide to form mixture (α′), and subsequently adding epoxide and optionally carbon dioxide to form mixture (α). 54-56. (canceled) 57. The method of claim 47, wherein the method employs a total amount of epoxide, and wherein about 1 to 95% of the total amount of epoxide is mixed in step (I), with the remainder added in step (II). 58-79. (canceled) 80. The method of claim 47, wherein epoxide, catalyst of formula (I) and/or double metal cyanide (DMC) catalyst is, independently, discontinuously added in step (II). 81-95. (canceled) 96. The method of claim 47, wherein the DMC catalyst is prepared by treating a solution of a metal salt with a solution of a metal cyanide salt in the presence of at least one of: complexing agent, water, and/or an acid, optionally wherein the metal salt is of the formula M′(X′)p, wherein M′ is selected from Zn(II), Ru(II), Ru(III), Fe(II), Ni(II), Mn(II), Co(II), Sn(II), Pb(II), Fe(III), Mo(IV), Mo(VI), Al(III), V(V), V(VI), Sr(II), W(IV), W(VI), Cu(II), and Cr(III),
X′ is an anion selected from halide, oxide, hydroxide, sulphate, carbonate, cyanide, oxalate, thiocyanate, isocyanate, isothiocyanate, carboxylate and nitrate,
p is an integer of 1 or more, and the charge on the anion multiplied by p satisfies the valency of M′; the metal cyanide salt is of the formula (Y)qM″(CN)b(A)c, wherein M″ is selected from Fe(II), Fe(III), Co(II), Co(III), Cr(II), Cr(III), Mn(II), Mn(III), Ir(III), Ni(II), Rh(III), Ru(II), V(IV), and V(V),
Y is a proton or an alkali metal ion or an alkaline earth metal ion (such as K+),
A is an anion selected from halide, oxide, hydroxide, sulphate, cyanide oxalate, thiocyanate, isocyanate, isothiocyanate, carboxylate and nitrate;
q and b are integers of 1 or more;
c may be 0 or an integer of 1 or more;
the sum of the charges on the anions Y, CN and A multiplied by q, b and c respectively (e.g. Y×q+CN×b+A×c) satisfies the valency of M″;
the at least one complexing agent is selected from a (poly)ether, a polyether carbonate, a polycarbonate, a poly(tetramethylene ether diol), a ketone, an ester, an amide, an alcohol, a urea or a combination thereof,
optionally wherein the at least one complexing agent is selected from propylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, (m)ethoxy ethylene glycol, dimethoxyethane, tert-butyl alcohol, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diglyme, triglyme, methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol and sec-butyl alcohol, 3-buten-1-ol, 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol, 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol, 3-methyl-1-pentyn-3-ol, or a combination thereof; and
wherein the acid, if present, has the formula HfX″′, where X′″ is an anion selected from halide, sulfate, phosphate, borate, chlorate, carbonate, cyanide, oxalate, thiocyanate, isocyanate, isothiocyanate, carboxylate and nitrate, and r is an integer corresponding to the charge on the counterion X′″. 97-101. (canceled) 102. A product formed by the method of claim 47. 103. A polycarbonate ether polyol or polyether carbonate produced by a method according to claim 47. 104. A higher polymer produced from a polycarbonate ether polyol or polyether carbonate according to claim 103. | 2,800 |
349,221 | 350,095 | 16,757,846 | 2,829 | An arc detection circuit includes a current detector and arc determination unit. The current detector detects a current flowing through a transmission line which connects an electric power supply device and an electric power conversion circuit. The arc determination unit calculates, from a result of measurement of the current, an area of interest and an area for comparison. The area of interest is an area of a region of interest defined by a predetermined frequency range and predetermined time for determination. The area for comparison is an area of a portion in which detected strength exceeds a predetermined strength threshold in the region of interest. The arc determination unit determines an electric arc has occurred when a ratio between the area of interest and the area for comparison exceeds a predetermined area-ratio threshold. | 1. An arc detection circuit, comprising:
a current detector that detects a current flowing through a transmission line which connects an electric power supply device and an electric power conversion circuit; and an arc determination unit configured to determine an occurrence of an electric arc in the transmission line by analyzing a result of measurement of the current detected by the current detector, based on a frequency component, a time component, and a strength component, wherein the arc determination unit is configured to calculate, from the result of the measurement of the current, an area of interest and an area for comparison, and determines an electric arc has occurred when a ratio of the area for comparison to the area of interest is at least a predetermined area-ratio threshold, the area of interest being an area of a region of interest defined by a predetermined frequency range and predetermined time for determination, the area for comparison being an area of a portion in which detected strength exceeds a predetermined strength threshold in the region of interest. 2. An arc detection circuit, comprising:
a current detector that detects a current flowing through a transmission line which connects an electric power supply device and an electric power conversion circuit; and an arc determination unit configured to determine an occurrence of an electric arc in the transmission line by analyzing a result of measurement of the current detected by the current detector, based on a frequency component, a time component, and a strength component, wherein the arc determination unit is configured to calculate, from the result of the measurement of the current, an area of interest and an area for comparison, and determines an electric arc has occurred when a ratio of the area of interest to the area for comparison is at most a predetermined area-ratio threshold, the area of interest being an area of a region of interest defined by a predetermined frequency range and predetermined time for determination, the area for comparison being an area of a portion in which detected strength exceeds a predetermined strength threshold in the region of interest. 3. The arc detection circuit according to claim 1, wherein
each of the predetermined frequency range, the predetermined time for determination, the predetermined strength threshold, and the predetermined area-ratio threshold is changeable by setting. 4. A breaker system, comprising:
the arc detection circuit according to claim 1; and a breaker that operates according to a result of determination made by the arc determination unit. 5. A connection box system, comprising:
the arc detection circuit according to claim 1; a solar cell string which is the electric power supply device; and a connection box for connecting a power conditioner that includes the electric power conversion circuit. 6. A power conditioner, comprising:
the arc detection circuit according to claim 1; and the electric power conversion circuit to which electric power is supplied from the electric power supply device through the transmission line. 7. A micro inverter, comprising:
the arc detection circuit according to claim 1; and the electric power conversion circuit, wherein the micro inverter is provided in a solar panel which is the electric power supply device. 8. A direct current (DC) optimizer, comprising:
the arc detection circuit according to claim 1; and a DC/DC converter, wherein the DC optimizer is provided in a solar panel which is the electric power supply device. 9. An arc detection method, comprising:
detecting a current flowing through a transmission line which connects an electric power supply device and an electric power conversion circuit; calculating, from a result of measurement of the current, an area of interest and an area for comparison, the area of interest being an area of a region of interest defined by a predetermined frequency range and predetermined time for determination, the area for comparison being an area of a portion in which detected strength exceeds a predetermined strength threshold in the region of interest; and determining, by comparing a ratio between the area of interest and the area for comparison which are calculated in the calculating and a predetermined area-ratio threshold, whether an electric arc has occurred. 10. The arc detection circuit according to claim 2, wherein
each of the predetermined frequency range, the predetermined time for determination, the predetermined strength threshold, and the predetermined area-ratio threshold is changeable by setting. 11. A breaker system, comprising:
the arc detection circuit according to claim 2; and a breaker that operates according to a result of determination made by the arc determination unit. 12. A connection box system, comprising:
the arc detection circuit according to claim 2; a solar cell string which is the electric power supply device; and a connection box for connecting a power conditioner that includes the electric power conversion circuit. 13. A power conditioner, comprising:
the arc detection circuit according to claim 2; and the electric power conversion circuit to which electric power is supplied from the electric power supply device through the transmission line. 14. A micro inverter, comprising:
the arc detection circuit according to claim 2; and the electric power conversion circuit, wherein the micro inverter is provided in a solar panel which is the electric power supply device. 15. A direct current (DC) optimizer, comprising:
the arc detection circuit according to claim 2; and a DC/DC converter, wherein the DC optimizer is provided in a solar panel which is the electric power supply device. | An arc detection circuit includes a current detector and arc determination unit. The current detector detects a current flowing through a transmission line which connects an electric power supply device and an electric power conversion circuit. The arc determination unit calculates, from a result of measurement of the current, an area of interest and an area for comparison. The area of interest is an area of a region of interest defined by a predetermined frequency range and predetermined time for determination. The area for comparison is an area of a portion in which detected strength exceeds a predetermined strength threshold in the region of interest. The arc determination unit determines an electric arc has occurred when a ratio between the area of interest and the area for comparison exceeds a predetermined area-ratio threshold.1. An arc detection circuit, comprising:
a current detector that detects a current flowing through a transmission line which connects an electric power supply device and an electric power conversion circuit; and an arc determination unit configured to determine an occurrence of an electric arc in the transmission line by analyzing a result of measurement of the current detected by the current detector, based on a frequency component, a time component, and a strength component, wherein the arc determination unit is configured to calculate, from the result of the measurement of the current, an area of interest and an area for comparison, and determines an electric arc has occurred when a ratio of the area for comparison to the area of interest is at least a predetermined area-ratio threshold, the area of interest being an area of a region of interest defined by a predetermined frequency range and predetermined time for determination, the area for comparison being an area of a portion in which detected strength exceeds a predetermined strength threshold in the region of interest. 2. An arc detection circuit, comprising:
a current detector that detects a current flowing through a transmission line which connects an electric power supply device and an electric power conversion circuit; and an arc determination unit configured to determine an occurrence of an electric arc in the transmission line by analyzing a result of measurement of the current detected by the current detector, based on a frequency component, a time component, and a strength component, wherein the arc determination unit is configured to calculate, from the result of the measurement of the current, an area of interest and an area for comparison, and determines an electric arc has occurred when a ratio of the area of interest to the area for comparison is at most a predetermined area-ratio threshold, the area of interest being an area of a region of interest defined by a predetermined frequency range and predetermined time for determination, the area for comparison being an area of a portion in which detected strength exceeds a predetermined strength threshold in the region of interest. 3. The arc detection circuit according to claim 1, wherein
each of the predetermined frequency range, the predetermined time for determination, the predetermined strength threshold, and the predetermined area-ratio threshold is changeable by setting. 4. A breaker system, comprising:
the arc detection circuit according to claim 1; and a breaker that operates according to a result of determination made by the arc determination unit. 5. A connection box system, comprising:
the arc detection circuit according to claim 1; a solar cell string which is the electric power supply device; and a connection box for connecting a power conditioner that includes the electric power conversion circuit. 6. A power conditioner, comprising:
the arc detection circuit according to claim 1; and the electric power conversion circuit to which electric power is supplied from the electric power supply device through the transmission line. 7. A micro inverter, comprising:
the arc detection circuit according to claim 1; and the electric power conversion circuit, wherein the micro inverter is provided in a solar panel which is the electric power supply device. 8. A direct current (DC) optimizer, comprising:
the arc detection circuit according to claim 1; and a DC/DC converter, wherein the DC optimizer is provided in a solar panel which is the electric power supply device. 9. An arc detection method, comprising:
detecting a current flowing through a transmission line which connects an electric power supply device and an electric power conversion circuit; calculating, from a result of measurement of the current, an area of interest and an area for comparison, the area of interest being an area of a region of interest defined by a predetermined frequency range and predetermined time for determination, the area for comparison being an area of a portion in which detected strength exceeds a predetermined strength threshold in the region of interest; and determining, by comparing a ratio between the area of interest and the area for comparison which are calculated in the calculating and a predetermined area-ratio threshold, whether an electric arc has occurred. 10. The arc detection circuit according to claim 2, wherein
each of the predetermined frequency range, the predetermined time for determination, the predetermined strength threshold, and the predetermined area-ratio threshold is changeable by setting. 11. A breaker system, comprising:
the arc detection circuit according to claim 2; and a breaker that operates according to a result of determination made by the arc determination unit. 12. A connection box system, comprising:
the arc detection circuit according to claim 2; a solar cell string which is the electric power supply device; and a connection box for connecting a power conditioner that includes the electric power conversion circuit. 13. A power conditioner, comprising:
the arc detection circuit according to claim 2; and the electric power conversion circuit to which electric power is supplied from the electric power supply device through the transmission line. 14. A micro inverter, comprising:
the arc detection circuit according to claim 2; and the electric power conversion circuit, wherein the micro inverter is provided in a solar panel which is the electric power supply device. 15. A direct current (DC) optimizer, comprising:
the arc detection circuit according to claim 2; and a DC/DC converter, wherein the DC optimizer is provided in a solar panel which is the electric power supply device. | 2,800 |
349,222 | 350,096 | 16,757,864 | 1,623 | The present invention discloses a functionalized hyaluronic acid or a derivative thereof, as well as a process for the preparation thereof, and the use thereof as a biomaterial and as an ingredient in pharmaceutical compositions. The present invention furthermore discloses the use of said functionalized hyaluronic acid or a derivative thereof in the treatment of pathologies ascribable to altered galectin expression. | 1. Functionalized hyaluronic acid or a derivative thereof having the formula (I) 2. The functionalized hyaluronic acid or a derivative thereof of claim 1, wherein Z3, Z5 and Z6 are, independently of one another, H, moiety of glucose, galactose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, lactose, trealose, gentiobiose, cellobiose, cellotriose, maltose, maltotriose, chitobiose, chitotriose, mannobiose, melibiose, fructose, N-acetyl glucosamine, N-acetyl galactosamine, or a combination thereof. 3. The functionalized hyaluronic acid or a derivative thereof of claim 1, wherein Z3 is H, moiety of glucose, galactose, mannose, N-acetyl glucosamine, N-acetyl galactosamine, or a combination thereof. 4. The functionalized hyaluronic acid or a derivative thereof of claim 1, wherein Z is a moiety of lactose or galactose, where Z is any one of Z(1), Z(2), Z(3) and Z(4). 5-7. (canceled) 8. The functionalized hyaluronic acid or a derivative thereof of claim 1 in the form of a biomaterial or scaffold for cell growth. 9. A pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one functionalized hyaluronic acid or a derivative thereof of claim 1, and at least one pharmacologically active substance and/or at least one bioactive substance, wherein:
said pharmacologically active substance is selected from antibiotics, anti-infectives, antimicrobials, antivirals, cytostatic, cytotoxic, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, cicatrizant, anaesthetics, analgesics, vasoconstrictors, cholinergic or adrenergic agonists and antagonists, antithrombotic, anticoagulant, haemostatic, fibrinolytic, thrombolytic, proteins and fragments thereof, peptides, polynucleotides, growth factors, enzymes, vaccines, and combinations thereof, and said bioactive substance is selected from collagen, fibrinogen, fibrin, alginic acid, sodium alginate, potassium alginate, magnesium alginate, cellulose, chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, keratan sulfate, heparin, eparan sulfate, laminin, fibronectin, elastin, polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid), polycaprolactone, gelatin, albumin, poly(glycolide-co-caprolactone), poly(glycolide-co-trimethylene carbonate), hydroxyapatite, tricalcium phosphate, dicalcium phosphate, demineralized bone matrix, and mixtures thereof. 10. A method for treating pathologies ascribable to an altered expression of galectins, said pathologies comprising non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, plaque psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, neoplasia, and pulmonary, renal, and cardiovascular fibrotic processes,
wherein said method comprises the step of administering to patients in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of the functionalized hyaluronic acid or a derivative thereof of claim 1 or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 9. 11. The functionalized hyaluronic acid or a derivative thereof of claim 1, wherein said derivative of hyaluronic acid is a moiety of:
a hyaluronic acid salt, selected from sodium hyaluronate, potassium hyaluronate, calcium hyaluronate, magnesium hyaluronate, zinc hyaluronate, cobalt hyaluronate, ammonia hyaluronate, tetrabutylammonium hyaluronate, and mixtures thereof, a hyaluronic acid ester, wherein a part or all of the carboxylic groups are esterified with aliphatic, aromatic, arylaliphatic, cycloaliphatic, or heterocyclic series alcohols, a self-cross-linked hyaluronic acid ester, wherein a part or all of the carboxylic groups are esterified with alcoholic groups from the same polysaccharide chain or other chains, a cross-linked hyaluronic acid compound, wherein a part or all of the carboxylic groups are esterified with aliphatic, aromatic, arylaliphatic, cycloaliphatic, or heterocyclic series polyalcohols, generating cross-linking by spacer chains, a succinic acid hemiester or succinic acid heavy metal salt with hyaluronic acid or with partial or total hyaluronic acid esters, an O-sulfated derivative, or a N-sulfated derivative. | The present invention discloses a functionalized hyaluronic acid or a derivative thereof, as well as a process for the preparation thereof, and the use thereof as a biomaterial and as an ingredient in pharmaceutical compositions. The present invention furthermore discloses the use of said functionalized hyaluronic acid or a derivative thereof in the treatment of pathologies ascribable to altered galectin expression.1. Functionalized hyaluronic acid or a derivative thereof having the formula (I) 2. The functionalized hyaluronic acid or a derivative thereof of claim 1, wherein Z3, Z5 and Z6 are, independently of one another, H, moiety of glucose, galactose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, lactose, trealose, gentiobiose, cellobiose, cellotriose, maltose, maltotriose, chitobiose, chitotriose, mannobiose, melibiose, fructose, N-acetyl glucosamine, N-acetyl galactosamine, or a combination thereof. 3. The functionalized hyaluronic acid or a derivative thereof of claim 1, wherein Z3 is H, moiety of glucose, galactose, mannose, N-acetyl glucosamine, N-acetyl galactosamine, or a combination thereof. 4. The functionalized hyaluronic acid or a derivative thereof of claim 1, wherein Z is a moiety of lactose or galactose, where Z is any one of Z(1), Z(2), Z(3) and Z(4). 5-7. (canceled) 8. The functionalized hyaluronic acid or a derivative thereof of claim 1 in the form of a biomaterial or scaffold for cell growth. 9. A pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one functionalized hyaluronic acid or a derivative thereof of claim 1, and at least one pharmacologically active substance and/or at least one bioactive substance, wherein:
said pharmacologically active substance is selected from antibiotics, anti-infectives, antimicrobials, antivirals, cytostatic, cytotoxic, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, cicatrizant, anaesthetics, analgesics, vasoconstrictors, cholinergic or adrenergic agonists and antagonists, antithrombotic, anticoagulant, haemostatic, fibrinolytic, thrombolytic, proteins and fragments thereof, peptides, polynucleotides, growth factors, enzymes, vaccines, and combinations thereof, and said bioactive substance is selected from collagen, fibrinogen, fibrin, alginic acid, sodium alginate, potassium alginate, magnesium alginate, cellulose, chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, keratan sulfate, heparin, eparan sulfate, laminin, fibronectin, elastin, polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid), polycaprolactone, gelatin, albumin, poly(glycolide-co-caprolactone), poly(glycolide-co-trimethylene carbonate), hydroxyapatite, tricalcium phosphate, dicalcium phosphate, demineralized bone matrix, and mixtures thereof. 10. A method for treating pathologies ascribable to an altered expression of galectins, said pathologies comprising non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, plaque psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, neoplasia, and pulmonary, renal, and cardiovascular fibrotic processes,
wherein said method comprises the step of administering to patients in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of the functionalized hyaluronic acid or a derivative thereof of claim 1 or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 9. 11. The functionalized hyaluronic acid or a derivative thereof of claim 1, wherein said derivative of hyaluronic acid is a moiety of:
a hyaluronic acid salt, selected from sodium hyaluronate, potassium hyaluronate, calcium hyaluronate, magnesium hyaluronate, zinc hyaluronate, cobalt hyaluronate, ammonia hyaluronate, tetrabutylammonium hyaluronate, and mixtures thereof, a hyaluronic acid ester, wherein a part or all of the carboxylic groups are esterified with aliphatic, aromatic, arylaliphatic, cycloaliphatic, or heterocyclic series alcohols, a self-cross-linked hyaluronic acid ester, wherein a part or all of the carboxylic groups are esterified with alcoholic groups from the same polysaccharide chain or other chains, a cross-linked hyaluronic acid compound, wherein a part or all of the carboxylic groups are esterified with aliphatic, aromatic, arylaliphatic, cycloaliphatic, or heterocyclic series polyalcohols, generating cross-linking by spacer chains, a succinic acid hemiester or succinic acid heavy metal salt with hyaluronic acid or with partial or total hyaluronic acid esters, an O-sulfated derivative, or a N-sulfated derivative. | 1,600 |
349,223 | 350,097 | 16,757,862 | 1,623 | The invention relates to a method for applying a sealing member onto the cup-shaped container of a capsule intended for producing a beverage in a beverage production device, wherein the container has a bottom wall, a side wall with an outer surface, an open end and an annular flange which extends from the side wall of the container at the open end; the flange comprising a flange outer surface merging with the outer surface of the side wall at a transition area an flange inner surface opposite to the outer surface for being sealed with a beverage delivery wall, the method comprising the steps of: depositing molten thermoplastic polymer material by a depositing apparatus onto the outer surface of the annular flange and/or onto the transition area, subsequently pressing the thermoplastic polymer material by a punch-die while the material still being plastically deformable so as to conform it in its final shape onto the outer surface of the annular flange and/or onto the transition area thereby forming it into an annular sealing member attached to the container. The invention further relates to a device adapted for carrying out the method. | 1. Method for applying a sealing member onto the cup-shaped container of a capsule intended for producing a beverage in a beverage production device, wherein the container has a bottom wall, a side wall with an outer surface, an open end and an annular flange which extends from the side wall of the container at the open end; the flange comprising a flange outer surface merging with the outer surface of the side wall at a transition area and a flange inner surface opposite to the outer surface for being sealed with a beverage delivery wall,
the method comprising the steps of: depositing molten thermoplastic polymer material by a depositing apparatus onto the outer surface of the annular flange and/or onto the transition area; and subsequently pressing the thermoplastic polymer material by a punch-die while the material still being plastically deformable so as to conform it onto the outer surface of the annular flange and/or onto the transition area thereby forming it into an annular sealing member attached to the container. 2. Method according to claim 1, wherein the pressing step comprises forming the thermoplastic polymer material into its final shape by pressing a circumferential punch-die comprising a continuous annular pressing surface against the mass of thermoplastic material. 3. Method according to claim 2, wherein the depositing step comprises depositing the molten thermoplastic material into a single circumferential portion of the polymer material. 4. Method according to claim 2, wherein the depositing step comprises depositing the molten thermoplastic polymer material into a circumferential arrangement of two or a plurality of separate portions. 5. Method according to claim 1, wherein the depositing step comprises depositing the molten thermoplastic polymer material by a depositing apparatus selected from the group consisting of:
a circumferential dispensing nozzle sized to the circumference of the flange; a moving nozzle displaced along the circumference of the flange; and a plurality of nozzles disposed along the circumference of the flange. 6. Method according to claim 1, wherein the depositing step comprises depositing the molten thermoplastic material by a depositing apparatus comprising a circumferential dispensing nozzle and a central recess arranged for accommodating at least partially the cup-shaped body of the capsule. 7. Method according to claim 1, wherein the deposited amount of molten thermoplastic material is controlled at least partially by the opening time of an outlet nozzle or by the pressure time applied to a one-way dosing valve of the nozzle. 8. Method according to claim 1, wherein the thermoplastic material is a thermoplastic elastomer (“TPE”) selected from the group consisting of:
Styrenes;
Copolyesters;
Copolyamides;
Polyurethanes;
Polyamides;
Polyolefin Blends;
Polyolefin Alloys;
Reactor TPO's;
Polyolefin Plastomers;
Polyolefin Elastomers; and
combinations thereof or soft thermoplastic polymer. 9. Device for applying a sealing member onto the cup-shaped container of a capsule intended for producing a beverage in a beverage production device, wherein the container has a bottom wall, a side wall with an outer surface, an open end and an annular flange which extends from the side wall of the container at the open end; the flange comprising a flange outer surface merging with the outer surface of the side wall at an transition area and a flange inner surface opposite to the outer surface for being sealed with a beverage delivery wall; the device comprising:
a depositing apparatus for depositing molten thermoplastic polymer material onto the outer surface of the annular flange and/or onto the transition area; and a pressing apparatus for pressing the molten thermoplastic polymer material so as to conform it onto the outer surface of the annular flange and/or onto the transition area thereby forming it into an annular sealing member attached to the container. 10. Device according to claim 9, wherein the pressing apparatus comprises a circumferential punch-die comprising a continuous annular pressing surface for pressing against the mass of thermoplastic polymer material. 11. Device according to claim 10, wherein the pressing apparatus is cooled down by cooling member. 12. Device according to claim 9, wherein the depositing apparatus comprises a circumferential dispensing nozzle and a central recess for accommodating at least partially the container of the capsule. 13. Device according to claim 12, wherein the circumferential dispensing nozzle is arranged with an annular dosing outlet or a plurality of annular or cylindrical outlet circumferentially arranged along a circle having a diameter substantially equal or slightly larger than the diameter of the transition area of the container of the capsule. 14. Device according to claim 12, wherein the depositing apparatus comprises an inner part, an outer part and a dispensing passage in-between.,. the two parts being coaxial and the inner part and outer part being arranged for axially moving relative to one another between a closed position and an open depositing position. 15. Device according to claim 12, wherein the depositing apparatus comprises heating means in the inner part and/or outer part. | The invention relates to a method for applying a sealing member onto the cup-shaped container of a capsule intended for producing a beverage in a beverage production device, wherein the container has a bottom wall, a side wall with an outer surface, an open end and an annular flange which extends from the side wall of the container at the open end; the flange comprising a flange outer surface merging with the outer surface of the side wall at a transition area an flange inner surface opposite to the outer surface for being sealed with a beverage delivery wall, the method comprising the steps of: depositing molten thermoplastic polymer material by a depositing apparatus onto the outer surface of the annular flange and/or onto the transition area, subsequently pressing the thermoplastic polymer material by a punch-die while the material still being plastically deformable so as to conform it in its final shape onto the outer surface of the annular flange and/or onto the transition area thereby forming it into an annular sealing member attached to the container. The invention further relates to a device adapted for carrying out the method.1. Method for applying a sealing member onto the cup-shaped container of a capsule intended for producing a beverage in a beverage production device, wherein the container has a bottom wall, a side wall with an outer surface, an open end and an annular flange which extends from the side wall of the container at the open end; the flange comprising a flange outer surface merging with the outer surface of the side wall at a transition area and a flange inner surface opposite to the outer surface for being sealed with a beverage delivery wall,
the method comprising the steps of: depositing molten thermoplastic polymer material by a depositing apparatus onto the outer surface of the annular flange and/or onto the transition area; and subsequently pressing the thermoplastic polymer material by a punch-die while the material still being plastically deformable so as to conform it onto the outer surface of the annular flange and/or onto the transition area thereby forming it into an annular sealing member attached to the container. 2. Method according to claim 1, wherein the pressing step comprises forming the thermoplastic polymer material into its final shape by pressing a circumferential punch-die comprising a continuous annular pressing surface against the mass of thermoplastic material. 3. Method according to claim 2, wherein the depositing step comprises depositing the molten thermoplastic material into a single circumferential portion of the polymer material. 4. Method according to claim 2, wherein the depositing step comprises depositing the molten thermoplastic polymer material into a circumferential arrangement of two or a plurality of separate portions. 5. Method according to claim 1, wherein the depositing step comprises depositing the molten thermoplastic polymer material by a depositing apparatus selected from the group consisting of:
a circumferential dispensing nozzle sized to the circumference of the flange; a moving nozzle displaced along the circumference of the flange; and a plurality of nozzles disposed along the circumference of the flange. 6. Method according to claim 1, wherein the depositing step comprises depositing the molten thermoplastic material by a depositing apparatus comprising a circumferential dispensing nozzle and a central recess arranged for accommodating at least partially the cup-shaped body of the capsule. 7. Method according to claim 1, wherein the deposited amount of molten thermoplastic material is controlled at least partially by the opening time of an outlet nozzle or by the pressure time applied to a one-way dosing valve of the nozzle. 8. Method according to claim 1, wherein the thermoplastic material is a thermoplastic elastomer (“TPE”) selected from the group consisting of:
Styrenes;
Copolyesters;
Copolyamides;
Polyurethanes;
Polyamides;
Polyolefin Blends;
Polyolefin Alloys;
Reactor TPO's;
Polyolefin Plastomers;
Polyolefin Elastomers; and
combinations thereof or soft thermoplastic polymer. 9. Device for applying a sealing member onto the cup-shaped container of a capsule intended for producing a beverage in a beverage production device, wherein the container has a bottom wall, a side wall with an outer surface, an open end and an annular flange which extends from the side wall of the container at the open end; the flange comprising a flange outer surface merging with the outer surface of the side wall at an transition area and a flange inner surface opposite to the outer surface for being sealed with a beverage delivery wall; the device comprising:
a depositing apparatus for depositing molten thermoplastic polymer material onto the outer surface of the annular flange and/or onto the transition area; and a pressing apparatus for pressing the molten thermoplastic polymer material so as to conform it onto the outer surface of the annular flange and/or onto the transition area thereby forming it into an annular sealing member attached to the container. 10. Device according to claim 9, wherein the pressing apparatus comprises a circumferential punch-die comprising a continuous annular pressing surface for pressing against the mass of thermoplastic polymer material. 11. Device according to claim 10, wherein the pressing apparatus is cooled down by cooling member. 12. Device according to claim 9, wherein the depositing apparatus comprises a circumferential dispensing nozzle and a central recess for accommodating at least partially the container of the capsule. 13. Device according to claim 12, wherein the circumferential dispensing nozzle is arranged with an annular dosing outlet or a plurality of annular or cylindrical outlet circumferentially arranged along a circle having a diameter substantially equal or slightly larger than the diameter of the transition area of the container of the capsule. 14. Device according to claim 12, wherein the depositing apparatus comprises an inner part, an outer part and a dispensing passage in-between.,. the two parts being coaxial and the inner part and outer part being arranged for axially moving relative to one another between a closed position and an open depositing position. 15. Device according to claim 12, wherein the depositing apparatus comprises heating means in the inner part and/or outer part. | 1,600 |
349,224 | 350,098 | 16,757,860 | 1,623 | The invention relates to method for preparing a foodstuff in a food processing system (100), the system comprising solid state radio frequency cooking means (51) that transmits an electromagnetic wave to a food substrate and a cavity where the food is cooked, the method monitoring the return power losses, which are the difference between the power emitted by the solid state radio frequency cooking means (51) and the reflected power in the cavity, for optimising the delivery of the radio frequency power to the food substrate by controlling and adjusting at least two parameters: the emitted frequency of the solid state radio frequency cooking means (51) and the distance of the cooking means (51) to the food substrate. In the method of the invention, the dielectric properties, the water content and/or the compaction of the food substrate are monitored throughout the preparation method. | 1. Method for preparing a foodstuff in a food processing system, the system comprising a solid state radio frequency cooking member that transmits an electromagnetic wave to a food substrate and a cavity where the food is cooked, the method monitoring the return power losses, which are the difference between the power emitted by the solid state radio frequency cooking member and the reflected power in the cavity, for optimising the delivery of the radio frequency power to the food substrate by controlling and adjusting at least two parameters: the emitted frequency of the solid state radio frequency cooking member and the distance of the cooking member to the food substrate. 2. Method for preparing a foodstuff according to claim 1 wherein the dielectric properties, the water content and/or the compaction of the food substrate are monitored throughout the preparation method. 3. Method for preparing a foodstuff according to claim 1 wherein the system is configured for reconstituting food from powdered raw food material which is deposited in the cavity on one or a plurality of layers, the method activating the solid state radio frequency cooking member simultaneously or successively to the deposition of the one or plurality of layers or layer by layer. 4. Method for preparing a foodstuff according to claim 1 the method comprising an initial step of pre-setting the solid state radio frequency cooking member by scanning a certain range of emitted frequency of the cooking member at a certain distance of the cooking member to the food substrate, taking the frequency at which the return power losses are maximum and adjusting the distance of the cooking member to the food substrate to take the distance at which the return power losses are maximum. 5. Method for preparing a foodstuff according to claim 4 wherein the initial pre-setting step is repeated several times. 6. Method for preparing a foodstuff according to claim 1 wherein the distance from the solid state radio frequency cooking member to the food substrate is maintained substantially constant throughout the foodstuff preparation. 7. Method for preparing a foodstuff according to claim 6 wherein the distance from the cooking member to the food substrate is the distance providing maximum return power losses, at a certain emitted frequency of the cooking member. 8. Method for preparing a foodstuff according to claim 6 wherein the solid state radio frequency cooking member shift their frequency to adapt it to the change of the foodstuff properties throughout the preparation method, to maintain maximum return power losses. 9. Method for preparing a foodstuff according to claim 1 further monitoring the variation of the foodstuff surface colour color to stop the preparation once a certain defined threshold is reached. 10. Method for preparing a foodstuff according to claim 1, the system comprising at least a deposition head dispensing the foodstuff in one or a plurality of layers onto a deposition area the method adjusting the distance of the cooking member to the deposition area by relatively moving the cooking member and the area in height. 11. Method for preparing a foodstuff according to claim 1 wherein the system further comprises an infrared generator, the method selectively activating this generator throughout the preparation process for the browning of at least part of the foodstuff prepared. 12. Method for preparing a foodstuff according to claim 1 wherein the system further comprises secondary cooking member to cook the lower surface of the foodstuff deposited, the method selectively activating these secondary cooking member for cooking and/or browning at least part of the lower surface of the foodstuff deposited. 13. Method for preparing a foodstuff according to claim 11, the method activating the secondary cooking member for cooking and/or browning the first foodstuff layer deposited, and further activating the infrared generator for browning the last one of the foodstuff layers deposited. | The invention relates to method for preparing a foodstuff in a food processing system (100), the system comprising solid state radio frequency cooking means (51) that transmits an electromagnetic wave to a food substrate and a cavity where the food is cooked, the method monitoring the return power losses, which are the difference between the power emitted by the solid state radio frequency cooking means (51) and the reflected power in the cavity, for optimising the delivery of the radio frequency power to the food substrate by controlling and adjusting at least two parameters: the emitted frequency of the solid state radio frequency cooking means (51) and the distance of the cooking means (51) to the food substrate. In the method of the invention, the dielectric properties, the water content and/or the compaction of the food substrate are monitored throughout the preparation method.1. Method for preparing a foodstuff in a food processing system, the system comprising a solid state radio frequency cooking member that transmits an electromagnetic wave to a food substrate and a cavity where the food is cooked, the method monitoring the return power losses, which are the difference between the power emitted by the solid state radio frequency cooking member and the reflected power in the cavity, for optimising the delivery of the radio frequency power to the food substrate by controlling and adjusting at least two parameters: the emitted frequency of the solid state radio frequency cooking member and the distance of the cooking member to the food substrate. 2. Method for preparing a foodstuff according to claim 1 wherein the dielectric properties, the water content and/or the compaction of the food substrate are monitored throughout the preparation method. 3. Method for preparing a foodstuff according to claim 1 wherein the system is configured for reconstituting food from powdered raw food material which is deposited in the cavity on one or a plurality of layers, the method activating the solid state radio frequency cooking member simultaneously or successively to the deposition of the one or plurality of layers or layer by layer. 4. Method for preparing a foodstuff according to claim 1 the method comprising an initial step of pre-setting the solid state radio frequency cooking member by scanning a certain range of emitted frequency of the cooking member at a certain distance of the cooking member to the food substrate, taking the frequency at which the return power losses are maximum and adjusting the distance of the cooking member to the food substrate to take the distance at which the return power losses are maximum. 5. Method for preparing a foodstuff according to claim 4 wherein the initial pre-setting step is repeated several times. 6. Method for preparing a foodstuff according to claim 1 wherein the distance from the solid state radio frequency cooking member to the food substrate is maintained substantially constant throughout the foodstuff preparation. 7. Method for preparing a foodstuff according to claim 6 wherein the distance from the cooking member to the food substrate is the distance providing maximum return power losses, at a certain emitted frequency of the cooking member. 8. Method for preparing a foodstuff according to claim 6 wherein the solid state radio frequency cooking member shift their frequency to adapt it to the change of the foodstuff properties throughout the preparation method, to maintain maximum return power losses. 9. Method for preparing a foodstuff according to claim 1 further monitoring the variation of the foodstuff surface colour color to stop the preparation once a certain defined threshold is reached. 10. Method for preparing a foodstuff according to claim 1, the system comprising at least a deposition head dispensing the foodstuff in one or a plurality of layers onto a deposition area the method adjusting the distance of the cooking member to the deposition area by relatively moving the cooking member and the area in height. 11. Method for preparing a foodstuff according to claim 1 wherein the system further comprises an infrared generator, the method selectively activating this generator throughout the preparation process for the browning of at least part of the foodstuff prepared. 12. Method for preparing a foodstuff according to claim 1 wherein the system further comprises secondary cooking member to cook the lower surface of the foodstuff deposited, the method selectively activating these secondary cooking member for cooking and/or browning at least part of the lower surface of the foodstuff deposited. 13. Method for preparing a foodstuff according to claim 11, the method activating the secondary cooking member for cooking and/or browning the first foodstuff layer deposited, and further activating the infrared generator for browning the last one of the foodstuff layers deposited. | 1,600 |
349,225 | 350,099 | 16,757,854 | 1,623 | A handle assembly for a cart with a power assist function can sense the direction that a user's force is applied, and provide assist power in the corresponding direction, such that the user can easily move the cart. A cart including the handle assembly allows the user to conveniently move the cart. | 1-14. (canceled) 15. A handle assembly for a cart, the handle assembly comprising:
a handle bar locatable at one side of a cart to receive an external force applied in a movement direction of the cart; and a force sensing assembly including:
a moving frame disposed inside the handle bar in a longitudinal direction of the handle bar, the moving frame having two surfaces facing each other;
a spring having a first end coupled at an interior of the handle bar and a second end extending adjacent to the moving frame, the spring configured to be pressed and deformed by the moving frame in the direction of the external force applied to the handle bar;
a magnet coupled to the second end of the spring or a lower side of the moving frame;
a Hall sensor located adjacent to the magnet to detect a position of the magnet; and
a sensor printed circuit board (PCB) for determining the direction of the external force based on the detected position of the magnet from the Hall sensor,
wherein the Hall sensor is mounted to the sensor PCB. 16. The handle assembly according to claim 15, further comprising a base frame extending in the longitudinal direction of the handle bar and coupled to the interior of the handle bar, the base frame including an upper surface having a first side and a second side,
wherein the first end of the spring is coupled to the first side of the upper surface of the base frame, and the sensor PCB is coupled to the second side of the upper surface of the base frame. 17. The handle assembly according to claim 16, wherein the moving frame includes:
a top surface disposed in the longitudinal direction of the handle bar; side surfaces connected to opposite sides of the top surface, the side surfaces facing each other; and a plurality of partitions disposed between the top surface and the side surfaces, and wherein the magnet is provided in a space between the plurality of partitions. 18. The handle assembly according to claim 17, wherein the spring includes:
a spring body extending parallel to the side surfaces of the moving frame; a first connection portion vertically extending from a first end of the spring body and coupled to the upper surface of the base frame; and a second connection portion vertically extending from a second end of the spring body and coupled to the moving frame. 19. A handle assembly for a cart, the handle assembly comprising:
a handle bar locatable at one side of a cart to receive an external force applied in a movement direction of the cart; and a force sensing assembly including:
a frame support provided on the handle bar and movable in the direction of the external force applied to the handle bar; and
a force sensor located adjacent to the frame support to sense a movement direction of the frame support. 20. The handle assembly according to claim 19, wherein the force sensing assembly further includes:
a magnet coupled to a first side of the frame support and movable in the direction of the frame support; a Hall sensor located adjacent to the magnet to detect a position of the magnet; and a sensor printed circuit board (PCB) for determining the direction of the external force based on the detected position of the magnet from the Hall sensor. 21. The handle assembly according to claim 20, wherein the frame support comprises:
a pair of cover pads disposed on the handle bar; a connecting plate disposed between the cover pads and connecting the cover pads to each other; a moving bracket coupled to a lower portion of the connecting plate and receiving the magnet; and a spring having a first end coupled to a lower portion of the moving bracket and a second end coupled to an interior of the handle bar, the spring having a portion that is parallel to the cover pads. 22. The handle assembly according to claim 21, further comprising a sensor holder bracket disposed on the handle bar, the sensor holder bracket including a spring coupling portion at a first end of the sensor holder bracket,
wherein the spring is coupled to the spring coupling portion of the sensor holder bracket, and wherein the sensor PCB is coupled to a second side of the sensor holder bracket. 23. The handle assembly according to claim 22, further comprising a base frame provided on the handle bar and coupled to a lower surface of the sensor holder bracket. 24. The handle assembly according to claim 23, wherein the base frame has an edge extending upward along a longitudinal direction of the handle bar to guide the force sensing assembly, and
wherein the base frame has a length greater than a length of the spring. 25. The handle assembly according to claim 24, wherein a first end of the spring is coupled to the base frame and a second end of the spring is coupled to the moving frame,
wherein during operation of the moving frame, the second end of the spring is pressed to allow the spring to be deformed, and wherein the spring is deformable in front and rear directions of the cart. 26. The handle assembly according to claim 22, wherein a size of the moving bracket is equal to or smaller than a size of the connecting plate, and
wherein the moving bracket is coupled to the connecting plate while supporting the magnet to move the magnet according to movement of the connecting plate. 27. A cart comprising:
a main body including:
a driver to generate electric power; and
a controller configured to control the driver;
a wheel coupled to a lower portion of the main body to move the main body; a handle bar provided at one side of the main body to receive an external force applied in a movement direction of the main body; and a force sensing assembly including:
a frame support disposed on the handle bar and movable in the direction of the external force applied to the handle bar; and
a force sensor disposed adjacent to the frame support to sense the movement direction of the frame support,
wherein the controller is configured to transmit the electric power generated from the driver to the wheel according to the movement direction of the frame support sensed by the force sensor. 28. The cart according to claim 27, further comprising:
a base frame extending in a longitudinal direction of the handle bar and coupled to an interior of the handle bar; and a spring, wherein the force sensor includes a sensor printed circuit board (PCB), wherein the base frame includes an upper surface having a first side and a second side, wherein the spring has a first end coupled the first side of the upper surface of the base frame, and wherein the sensor PCB is coupled to the second side of the upper surface of the base frame. 29. The cart according to claim 28, wherein the spring further includes a second end, the first end of the spring being opposite to the second end of the spring,
wherein the spring is configured to be pressed and deformed by the frame support in the direction of the external force applied to the cart, wherein the force sensor includes:
a magnet coupled to the second end of the spring; and
a Hall sensor disposed adjacent to the magnet for detecting a position of the magnet,
wherein the Hall sensor is mounted to the sensor PCB, and wherein the sensor PCB is configured to determine the direction of the external force based on the detected position of the magnet from the Hall sensor. 30. The cart according to claim 29, wherein the force sensing assembly further includes a moving frame,
wherein the moving frame includes:
a top surface disposed in the longitudinal direction of the handle bar;
side surfaces connected to opposite sides of the top surface and facing each other; and
a plurality of partitions disposed between the top surface and the side surfaces, and wherein the magnet is positioned in a space between the partitions. 31. The cart according to claim 30, wherein the spring further includes:
a spring body extending parallel to the side surfaces of the moving frame; a first connection portion vertically extending from a first end of the spring body and coupled to the upper surface of the base frame; and a second connection portion vertically extending from a second end of the spring body and coupled to the moving frame. 32. The cart according to claim 27, wherein the controller is further configured to control the driver to supply an assistant force to the wheel to provide a power assist function. 33. The cart according to claim 32, wherein the controller is further configured to:
determine a direction of the external force applied to the cart by a user through the force sensing assembly; and control a direction of supplying an assistant force generated from the driver and a rotational direction of the wheel to move the cart in the determined direction of the external force. 34. The cart according to claim 32, wherein the driver is connected to the wheel, and
wherein the controller is further configured to control a rotational direction of the wheel through communication with the force sensing assembly and the driver or control a power transmission direction of the driver connected to the wheel. | A handle assembly for a cart with a power assist function can sense the direction that a user's force is applied, and provide assist power in the corresponding direction, such that the user can easily move the cart. A cart including the handle assembly allows the user to conveniently move the cart.1-14. (canceled) 15. A handle assembly for a cart, the handle assembly comprising:
a handle bar locatable at one side of a cart to receive an external force applied in a movement direction of the cart; and a force sensing assembly including:
a moving frame disposed inside the handle bar in a longitudinal direction of the handle bar, the moving frame having two surfaces facing each other;
a spring having a first end coupled at an interior of the handle bar and a second end extending adjacent to the moving frame, the spring configured to be pressed and deformed by the moving frame in the direction of the external force applied to the handle bar;
a magnet coupled to the second end of the spring or a lower side of the moving frame;
a Hall sensor located adjacent to the magnet to detect a position of the magnet; and
a sensor printed circuit board (PCB) for determining the direction of the external force based on the detected position of the magnet from the Hall sensor,
wherein the Hall sensor is mounted to the sensor PCB. 16. The handle assembly according to claim 15, further comprising a base frame extending in the longitudinal direction of the handle bar and coupled to the interior of the handle bar, the base frame including an upper surface having a first side and a second side,
wherein the first end of the spring is coupled to the first side of the upper surface of the base frame, and the sensor PCB is coupled to the second side of the upper surface of the base frame. 17. The handle assembly according to claim 16, wherein the moving frame includes:
a top surface disposed in the longitudinal direction of the handle bar; side surfaces connected to opposite sides of the top surface, the side surfaces facing each other; and a plurality of partitions disposed between the top surface and the side surfaces, and wherein the magnet is provided in a space between the plurality of partitions. 18. The handle assembly according to claim 17, wherein the spring includes:
a spring body extending parallel to the side surfaces of the moving frame; a first connection portion vertically extending from a first end of the spring body and coupled to the upper surface of the base frame; and a second connection portion vertically extending from a second end of the spring body and coupled to the moving frame. 19. A handle assembly for a cart, the handle assembly comprising:
a handle bar locatable at one side of a cart to receive an external force applied in a movement direction of the cart; and a force sensing assembly including:
a frame support provided on the handle bar and movable in the direction of the external force applied to the handle bar; and
a force sensor located adjacent to the frame support to sense a movement direction of the frame support. 20. The handle assembly according to claim 19, wherein the force sensing assembly further includes:
a magnet coupled to a first side of the frame support and movable in the direction of the frame support; a Hall sensor located adjacent to the magnet to detect a position of the magnet; and a sensor printed circuit board (PCB) for determining the direction of the external force based on the detected position of the magnet from the Hall sensor. 21. The handle assembly according to claim 20, wherein the frame support comprises:
a pair of cover pads disposed on the handle bar; a connecting plate disposed between the cover pads and connecting the cover pads to each other; a moving bracket coupled to a lower portion of the connecting plate and receiving the magnet; and a spring having a first end coupled to a lower portion of the moving bracket and a second end coupled to an interior of the handle bar, the spring having a portion that is parallel to the cover pads. 22. The handle assembly according to claim 21, further comprising a sensor holder bracket disposed on the handle bar, the sensor holder bracket including a spring coupling portion at a first end of the sensor holder bracket,
wherein the spring is coupled to the spring coupling portion of the sensor holder bracket, and wherein the sensor PCB is coupled to a second side of the sensor holder bracket. 23. The handle assembly according to claim 22, further comprising a base frame provided on the handle bar and coupled to a lower surface of the sensor holder bracket. 24. The handle assembly according to claim 23, wherein the base frame has an edge extending upward along a longitudinal direction of the handle bar to guide the force sensing assembly, and
wherein the base frame has a length greater than a length of the spring. 25. The handle assembly according to claim 24, wherein a first end of the spring is coupled to the base frame and a second end of the spring is coupled to the moving frame,
wherein during operation of the moving frame, the second end of the spring is pressed to allow the spring to be deformed, and wherein the spring is deformable in front and rear directions of the cart. 26. The handle assembly according to claim 22, wherein a size of the moving bracket is equal to or smaller than a size of the connecting plate, and
wherein the moving bracket is coupled to the connecting plate while supporting the magnet to move the magnet according to movement of the connecting plate. 27. A cart comprising:
a main body including:
a driver to generate electric power; and
a controller configured to control the driver;
a wheel coupled to a lower portion of the main body to move the main body; a handle bar provided at one side of the main body to receive an external force applied in a movement direction of the main body; and a force sensing assembly including:
a frame support disposed on the handle bar and movable in the direction of the external force applied to the handle bar; and
a force sensor disposed adjacent to the frame support to sense the movement direction of the frame support,
wherein the controller is configured to transmit the electric power generated from the driver to the wheel according to the movement direction of the frame support sensed by the force sensor. 28. The cart according to claim 27, further comprising:
a base frame extending in a longitudinal direction of the handle bar and coupled to an interior of the handle bar; and a spring, wherein the force sensor includes a sensor printed circuit board (PCB), wherein the base frame includes an upper surface having a first side and a second side, wherein the spring has a first end coupled the first side of the upper surface of the base frame, and wherein the sensor PCB is coupled to the second side of the upper surface of the base frame. 29. The cart according to claim 28, wherein the spring further includes a second end, the first end of the spring being opposite to the second end of the spring,
wherein the spring is configured to be pressed and deformed by the frame support in the direction of the external force applied to the cart, wherein the force sensor includes:
a magnet coupled to the second end of the spring; and
a Hall sensor disposed adjacent to the magnet for detecting a position of the magnet,
wherein the Hall sensor is mounted to the sensor PCB, and wherein the sensor PCB is configured to determine the direction of the external force based on the detected position of the magnet from the Hall sensor. 30. The cart according to claim 29, wherein the force sensing assembly further includes a moving frame,
wherein the moving frame includes:
a top surface disposed in the longitudinal direction of the handle bar;
side surfaces connected to opposite sides of the top surface and facing each other; and
a plurality of partitions disposed between the top surface and the side surfaces, and wherein the magnet is positioned in a space between the partitions. 31. The cart according to claim 30, wherein the spring further includes:
a spring body extending parallel to the side surfaces of the moving frame; a first connection portion vertically extending from a first end of the spring body and coupled to the upper surface of the base frame; and a second connection portion vertically extending from a second end of the spring body and coupled to the moving frame. 32. The cart according to claim 27, wherein the controller is further configured to control the driver to supply an assistant force to the wheel to provide a power assist function. 33. The cart according to claim 32, wherein the controller is further configured to:
determine a direction of the external force applied to the cart by a user through the force sensing assembly; and control a direction of supplying an assistant force generated from the driver and a rotational direction of the wheel to move the cart in the determined direction of the external force. 34. The cart according to claim 32, wherein the driver is connected to the wheel, and
wherein the controller is further configured to control a rotational direction of the wheel through communication with the force sensing assembly and the driver or control a power transmission direction of the driver connected to the wheel. | 1,600 |
349,226 | 350,100 | 16,757,847 | 1,623 | The invention is notably directed to a method for encoding information. This method first comprises generating an encryption key according to polymorphic features of nucleic acids from one or more entities. Next, information is encrypted based on the generated key. Finally, the encrypted information is encoded into synthetic DNA. Another aspect concerns a method for retrieving information. Consistently with the above encoding scheme, synthetic DNA in provided, which encodes encrypted information. Such information is read by sequencing the synthetic DNA and by decrypting the information read using a decryption key. The latter is generated according to polymorphic features of nucleic acids from one or more entities (e.g., from the legitimate individual(s) requesting access to information). Thus, the encoded information cannot be interpreted unless a suitable decryption key is available. The invention is further directed to related DNA samples and systems, including DNA vaults. | 1. A method for encoding information, wherein the method comprises:
generating an encryption key according to polymorphic features of nucleic acids from one or more entities; encrypting information based on the generated key; and encoding the encrypted information into synthetic DNA. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein
the encryption key is generated from the polymorphic features of DNA or RNA of the one or more entities. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein
the encryption key is generated from one of; short tandem repeats of the DNA of the one or more entities; short tandem repeats of the DNA of the one or more entities as alleles identified by sequencing five or more of predefined, genomic Loci of the one or more entities; a set of single nucleotide polymorphisms of the DNA or RNA of the one or more entities; mitochondrial DNA of the one or more entities; and a Y-chromosome of the one or more entities. 4. (canceled) 5. (canceled) 6. The method according to claim 3, wherein
the encryption key is generated from a set of single nucleotide polymorphisms of DNA or RNA of the one or more entities, and said set comprises at least five single nucleotide polymorphisms, and generating the encryption key further comprises identifying said at least five single nucleotide polymorphisms by sequencing the nucleic acids of said one or more entities. 7. (canceled) 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein
the method further comprises generating one or more helper datasets from the encryption key generated and said polymorphic features, and encoding the encrypted information further comprises storing the one or more helper datasets generated on said synthetic DNA, along with said encrypted information. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein
said information is encrypted based on a symmetric encryption algorithm, such that said encrypted information can be decrypted using a key identical to said encryption key. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein
the method further comprises, after having encrypted said information, deleting both the encryption key and material from which said encryption key was generated, without transmitting any of the encryption key and said material. 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein generating the encryption key further includes:
measuring said polymorphic features of said nucleic acids; and translating the measured polymorphic features into a cryptographic key. 12. The method according to claim 1, wherein
the method further comprises, prior to generating said encryption key, generating a private key based on said polymorphic features of said nucleic acids of a given sample from said one or more entities, whereby said encryption key is generated based on the private key generated and paired to the latter, and said information is encrypted based on an asymmetric encryption algorithm using the generated encryption key as a public key, such that said encrypted information can only be decrypted using a private key identical to the generated private key. 13. The method according to claim 12, wherein the method further comprises, after having encrypted said information:
deleting both the private key generated and material from which said private key was generated, without transmitting any of the private key and said material; and re-generating a private key based on polymorphic features of nucleic acids of another sample from said one or more entities, so as to be able to decrypt said encrypted information. 14. (canceled) 15. A method of retrieving information, the method comprising
providing synthetic DNA encoding encrypted information; and reading the encrypted information by sequencing the synthetic DNA provided and decrypting the information read using a decryption key generated according to polymorphic features of nucleic acids from one or more entities. 16. The method according to claim 15, wherein reading the encrypted information further comprises:
sequencing said polymorphic features, so as to generate said decryption key, in order to decrypt the information read. 17. The method according to claim 15, wherein
reading the encrypted information further comprises mixing sequences of the synthetic DNA provided with genomic sequences containing said polymorphic features whereby sequences of said polymorphic features and sequences of said synthetic DNA are simultaneously sequenced. 18. The method according to claim 15 wherein the synthetic DNA provided is sequenced based on a massively parallel DNA sequencing method. 19. The method according to claim 15, wherein
the method further comprises generating the decryption key based on helper data, in addition to said polymorphic features, whereby the latter are combined with said helper data to compute the decryption key. 20. The method according to claim 19, wherein
the method further comprises reading one or more helper datasets stored on said synthetic DNA, along with said encrypted information, to obtain said helper data. 21. The method according to claim 17, wherein the method further comprises, after mixing said sequences:
processing a mixture obtained by mixing the sequences of the synthetic DNA with sequences of said nucleic acids to generate a sequencing pool; and sequencing the sequencing pool generated using a massively parallel DNA sequencing method. 22. A DNA vault, wherein
the DNA vault comprises one or more containers, each storing one or more samples of synthetic DNA encoding information, wherein information is stored on each of the one or more samples in an encrypted form, which has been obtained thanks to an encryption key generated according to polymorphic features of nucleic acids from one or more entities. 23. The DNA vault according to claim 22, wherein
one or more helper datasets are further stored on each of the one or more samples of synthetic DNA, along with said encrypted information. 24. (canceled) 25. The DNA vault according to claim 22, wherein:
the DNA vault is a family vault, whereby at least one of the DNA samples stored encodes information encrypted with an encryption key generated according to inherited polymorphic features of nucleic acids from said one or more entities. | The invention is notably directed to a method for encoding information. This method first comprises generating an encryption key according to polymorphic features of nucleic acids from one or more entities. Next, information is encrypted based on the generated key. Finally, the encrypted information is encoded into synthetic DNA. Another aspect concerns a method for retrieving information. Consistently with the above encoding scheme, synthetic DNA in provided, which encodes encrypted information. Such information is read by sequencing the synthetic DNA and by decrypting the information read using a decryption key. The latter is generated according to polymorphic features of nucleic acids from one or more entities (e.g., from the legitimate individual(s) requesting access to information). Thus, the encoded information cannot be interpreted unless a suitable decryption key is available. The invention is further directed to related DNA samples and systems, including DNA vaults.1. A method for encoding information, wherein the method comprises:
generating an encryption key according to polymorphic features of nucleic acids from one or more entities; encrypting information based on the generated key; and encoding the encrypted information into synthetic DNA. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein
the encryption key is generated from the polymorphic features of DNA or RNA of the one or more entities. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein
the encryption key is generated from one of; short tandem repeats of the DNA of the one or more entities; short tandem repeats of the DNA of the one or more entities as alleles identified by sequencing five or more of predefined, genomic Loci of the one or more entities; a set of single nucleotide polymorphisms of the DNA or RNA of the one or more entities; mitochondrial DNA of the one or more entities; and a Y-chromosome of the one or more entities. 4. (canceled) 5. (canceled) 6. The method according to claim 3, wherein
the encryption key is generated from a set of single nucleotide polymorphisms of DNA or RNA of the one or more entities, and said set comprises at least five single nucleotide polymorphisms, and generating the encryption key further comprises identifying said at least five single nucleotide polymorphisms by sequencing the nucleic acids of said one or more entities. 7. (canceled) 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein
the method further comprises generating one or more helper datasets from the encryption key generated and said polymorphic features, and encoding the encrypted information further comprises storing the one or more helper datasets generated on said synthetic DNA, along with said encrypted information. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein
said information is encrypted based on a symmetric encryption algorithm, such that said encrypted information can be decrypted using a key identical to said encryption key. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein
the method further comprises, after having encrypted said information, deleting both the encryption key and material from which said encryption key was generated, without transmitting any of the encryption key and said material. 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein generating the encryption key further includes:
measuring said polymorphic features of said nucleic acids; and translating the measured polymorphic features into a cryptographic key. 12. The method according to claim 1, wherein
the method further comprises, prior to generating said encryption key, generating a private key based on said polymorphic features of said nucleic acids of a given sample from said one or more entities, whereby said encryption key is generated based on the private key generated and paired to the latter, and said information is encrypted based on an asymmetric encryption algorithm using the generated encryption key as a public key, such that said encrypted information can only be decrypted using a private key identical to the generated private key. 13. The method according to claim 12, wherein the method further comprises, after having encrypted said information:
deleting both the private key generated and material from which said private key was generated, without transmitting any of the private key and said material; and re-generating a private key based on polymorphic features of nucleic acids of another sample from said one or more entities, so as to be able to decrypt said encrypted information. 14. (canceled) 15. A method of retrieving information, the method comprising
providing synthetic DNA encoding encrypted information; and reading the encrypted information by sequencing the synthetic DNA provided and decrypting the information read using a decryption key generated according to polymorphic features of nucleic acids from one or more entities. 16. The method according to claim 15, wherein reading the encrypted information further comprises:
sequencing said polymorphic features, so as to generate said decryption key, in order to decrypt the information read. 17. The method according to claim 15, wherein
reading the encrypted information further comprises mixing sequences of the synthetic DNA provided with genomic sequences containing said polymorphic features whereby sequences of said polymorphic features and sequences of said synthetic DNA are simultaneously sequenced. 18. The method according to claim 15 wherein the synthetic DNA provided is sequenced based on a massively parallel DNA sequencing method. 19. The method according to claim 15, wherein
the method further comprises generating the decryption key based on helper data, in addition to said polymorphic features, whereby the latter are combined with said helper data to compute the decryption key. 20. The method according to claim 19, wherein
the method further comprises reading one or more helper datasets stored on said synthetic DNA, along with said encrypted information, to obtain said helper data. 21. The method according to claim 17, wherein the method further comprises, after mixing said sequences:
processing a mixture obtained by mixing the sequences of the synthetic DNA with sequences of said nucleic acids to generate a sequencing pool; and sequencing the sequencing pool generated using a massively parallel DNA sequencing method. 22. A DNA vault, wherein
the DNA vault comprises one or more containers, each storing one or more samples of synthetic DNA encoding information, wherein information is stored on each of the one or more samples in an encrypted form, which has been obtained thanks to an encryption key generated according to polymorphic features of nucleic acids from one or more entities. 23. The DNA vault according to claim 22, wherein
one or more helper datasets are further stored on each of the one or more samples of synthetic DNA, along with said encrypted information. 24. (canceled) 25. The DNA vault according to claim 22, wherein:
the DNA vault is a family vault, whereby at least one of the DNA samples stored encodes information encrypted with an encryption key generated according to inherited polymorphic features of nucleic acids from said one or more entities. | 1,600 |
349,227 | 350,101 | 16,757,841 | 1,623 | The present invention addresses the problem of providing, a metal surface treatment agent capable of exhibiting excellent corrosion resistance and excellent coating adhesion in painted metal materials; and a metal surface treatment method using the metal surface treatment agent. The problem is solved by a pretreatment agent that is used in a pretreatment of a chemical conversion treatment performed for forming a chemical conversion coating on/over a surface of a metal material, the pretreatment agent containing: a metal alkoxide (A) containing at least one metal element selected from zirconium, titanium, vanadium, and aluminum; and at least one sulfonic acid (B) selected from methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, hydroxymethanesulfonic acid, and hydroxyethanesulfonic acid. The problem is also solved by a chemical conversion treatment agent that contains a zirconium alkoxide (a) and a zirconium-containing ion supply source (b), and has a pH of 1.5 to 6.5. | 1. A pretreatment agent, used as an agent in a pretreatment of a chemical conversion treatment performed for forming a chemical conversion coating on/over a surface of a metal material,
comprising:
a metal alkoxide (A) containing at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of zirconium, titanium, vanadium, and aluminum; and
at least one sulfonic acid (B) selected from the group consisting of methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, hydroxymethanesulfonic acid, and hydroxyethanesulfonic acid. 2. The pretreatment agent according to claim 1, further comprising at least one alkoxysilyl group-containing organosilane compound (C). 3. A method of producing a metal material,
comprising a pretreatment step of contacting the pretreatment agent according to claim 1 on/over a surface of a metal material. 4. The method of producing a metal material according to claim 3, further comprising, a chemical conversion treatment step of forming a chemical conversion coating over the surface of the metal material, after the pretreatment step. 5. The method of producing a metal material according to claim 4, wherein the chemical conversion treatment step comprises a step of contacting a chemical conversion treatment agent, comprising a zirconium alkoxide (a) and a zirconium-containing ion supply source (b) and having a pH of 1.5 to 6.5, with the metal material. 6. A metal material having a chemical conversion coating, obtained by the method according to claim 4. 7. A method of producing a painted metal material, further comprising a painting step of painting the metal material, after the chemical conversion treatment step according to claim 4. 8. A painted metal material having a paint film, the paint film comprising over a surface of the metal material having a chemical conversion coating according to claim 6. 9. A chemical conversion treatment agent, comprising a zirconium alkoxide (a) and a zirconium-containing ion supply source (b), and having a pH of 1.5 to 6.5. 10. The chemical conversion treatment agent according to claim 9, further comprising a fluorine-containing ion supply source (c). 11. The chemical conversion treatment agent according to claim 9, wherein a ratio [aM/bM] of a zirconium-equivalent molar concentration (aM) of the zirconium alkoxide (a) to a zirconium-equivalent molar concentration (bM) of the zirconium-containing ion supply source (b) is 0.01 to 10. 12. The chemical conversion treatment agent according to claim 9, further comprising an alkoxysilyl group-containing organosilane compound (d). 13. The chemical conversion treatment agent according to claim 9, further comprising at least one kind of ion supply source (f) selected from a nitrate ion and a sulfate ion. 14. A method of producing a metal material having a chemical conversion coating, comprising a chemical conversion treatment step of contacting the chemical conversion treatment agent according to claim 9 on/over a surface of a metal material. 15. A metal material having a chemical conversion coating formed by the method according to claim 14. 16. A method of producing a painted metal material, comprising, a painting step of painting the metal material, after the chemical conversion treatment step according to claim 14. 17. A painted metal material, comprising a paint film over a surface of the metal material having a chemical conversion coating according to claim 15. | The present invention addresses the problem of providing, a metal surface treatment agent capable of exhibiting excellent corrosion resistance and excellent coating adhesion in painted metal materials; and a metal surface treatment method using the metal surface treatment agent. The problem is solved by a pretreatment agent that is used in a pretreatment of a chemical conversion treatment performed for forming a chemical conversion coating on/over a surface of a metal material, the pretreatment agent containing: a metal alkoxide (A) containing at least one metal element selected from zirconium, titanium, vanadium, and aluminum; and at least one sulfonic acid (B) selected from methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, hydroxymethanesulfonic acid, and hydroxyethanesulfonic acid. The problem is also solved by a chemical conversion treatment agent that contains a zirconium alkoxide (a) and a zirconium-containing ion supply source (b), and has a pH of 1.5 to 6.5.1. A pretreatment agent, used as an agent in a pretreatment of a chemical conversion treatment performed for forming a chemical conversion coating on/over a surface of a metal material,
comprising:
a metal alkoxide (A) containing at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of zirconium, titanium, vanadium, and aluminum; and
at least one sulfonic acid (B) selected from the group consisting of methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, hydroxymethanesulfonic acid, and hydroxyethanesulfonic acid. 2. The pretreatment agent according to claim 1, further comprising at least one alkoxysilyl group-containing organosilane compound (C). 3. A method of producing a metal material,
comprising a pretreatment step of contacting the pretreatment agent according to claim 1 on/over a surface of a metal material. 4. The method of producing a metal material according to claim 3, further comprising, a chemical conversion treatment step of forming a chemical conversion coating over the surface of the metal material, after the pretreatment step. 5. The method of producing a metal material according to claim 4, wherein the chemical conversion treatment step comprises a step of contacting a chemical conversion treatment agent, comprising a zirconium alkoxide (a) and a zirconium-containing ion supply source (b) and having a pH of 1.5 to 6.5, with the metal material. 6. A metal material having a chemical conversion coating, obtained by the method according to claim 4. 7. A method of producing a painted metal material, further comprising a painting step of painting the metal material, after the chemical conversion treatment step according to claim 4. 8. A painted metal material having a paint film, the paint film comprising over a surface of the metal material having a chemical conversion coating according to claim 6. 9. A chemical conversion treatment agent, comprising a zirconium alkoxide (a) and a zirconium-containing ion supply source (b), and having a pH of 1.5 to 6.5. 10. The chemical conversion treatment agent according to claim 9, further comprising a fluorine-containing ion supply source (c). 11. The chemical conversion treatment agent according to claim 9, wherein a ratio [aM/bM] of a zirconium-equivalent molar concentration (aM) of the zirconium alkoxide (a) to a zirconium-equivalent molar concentration (bM) of the zirconium-containing ion supply source (b) is 0.01 to 10. 12. The chemical conversion treatment agent according to claim 9, further comprising an alkoxysilyl group-containing organosilane compound (d). 13. The chemical conversion treatment agent according to claim 9, further comprising at least one kind of ion supply source (f) selected from a nitrate ion and a sulfate ion. 14. A method of producing a metal material having a chemical conversion coating, comprising a chemical conversion treatment step of contacting the chemical conversion treatment agent according to claim 9 on/over a surface of a metal material. 15. A metal material having a chemical conversion coating formed by the method according to claim 14. 16. A method of producing a painted metal material, comprising, a painting step of painting the metal material, after the chemical conversion treatment step according to claim 14. 17. A painted metal material, comprising a paint film over a surface of the metal material having a chemical conversion coating according to claim 15. | 1,600 |
349,228 | 350,102 | 16,757,830 | 1,623 | Provided are a semiconductor element intermediate including: a substrate and a multilayer resist layer, in which the multilayer resist layer includes a metal-containing film, and in which the metal-containing film has a content of germanium element of 20 atm % or more, or a total content of tin element, indium element, and gallium element of 1 atm % or more, as measured by X-ray photoelectric spectroscopy, and an application of the semiconductor intermediate. | 1. A semiconductor element intermediate comprising:
a substrate; and a multilayer resist layer, wherein the multilayer resist layer comprises a metal-containing film, and the metal-containing film has a content of germanium element of 20 atm % or more, or a total content of tin element, indium element, and gallium element of 1 atm % or more, as measured by X-ray photoelectric spectroscopy. 2. The semiconductor element intermediate according to claim 1, wherein the metal-containing film is solid at 400° C. under an atmosphere of 1 atm. 3. The semiconductor element intermediate according to claim 1, wherein the metal-containing film has a content of germanium element of 30 atm % or more, or a total content of tin element, indium element, and gallium element of from 2 atm % to 30 atm %. 4. The semiconductor element intermediate according to claim 1, wherein the metal-containing film comprises a germanium oxide, or comprises at least one selected from a tin oxide, an indium oxide, or a gallium oxide. 5. The semiconductor element intermediate according to claim 1,
wherein a recess is formed in at least one layer of the multilayer resist layer, and the metal-containing film is formed inside the recess and is in contact with a bottom of the recess. 6. The semiconductor element intermediate according to claim 1, wherein the metal-containing film is at least one layer included in the multilayer resist layer. 7. The semiconductor element intermediate according to claim 1,
wherein the multilayer resist layer comprises at least one of a spin-on carbon film or an amorphous silicon film, and the metal-containing film has a content of germanium element of 20 atm % or more as measured by X-ray photoelectric spectroscopy. 8. The semiconductor element intermediate according to claim 1,
wherein the multilayer resist layer comprises at least one of a silicon dioxide film or a silicon nitride film, and the metal-containing film has a total content of tin element, indium element, and gallium element of 1 atm % or more, as measured by X-ray photoelectric spectroscopy. 9. The semiconductor element intermediate according to claim 1, wherein the metal-containing film is a resist film. 10. The semiconductor element intermediate according to claim 1, wherein the metal-containing film is an embedded insulating film. 11. The semiconductor element intermediate according to claim 10,
wherein a recess is formed in at least one layer of the multilayer resist layer, the metal-containing film is formed inside the recess, and the recess has a width of from 5 nm to 300 nm. 12. A composition for forming the metal-containing film in the semiconductor element intermediate according to claim 1,
wherein the composition has a content of germanium element of 20 atm % or more, or a total content of tin element, indium element, and gallium element of 1 atm % or more, as measured by X-ray photoelectric spectroscopy after firing at 400° C. for 10 minutes under a nitrogen atmosphere. 13. The composition for forming a metal-containing film according to claim 12, wherein the composition has a refractive index of from 1.3 to 2.0, after firing at 400° C. for 10 minutes under a nitrogen atmosphere. 14. The composition for forming a metal-containing film according to claim 12, wherein the metal-containing film has a content of germanium element of 30 atm % or more, or a total content of tin element, indium element, and gallium element of from 2 atm % to 30 atm %. 15. The composition for forming a metal-containing film according to claim 12, wherein the composition has an onset temperature for curing of 300° C. or lower. 16. The composition for forming a metal-containing film according to claim 12,
wherein the composition comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of a germanium alkoxide compound, a germanium carbide compound, a germanium hydroxide, and a germanium halide, or comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of a tin alkoxide compound, a tin carbide compound, a tin hydroxide, a tin halide, an indium alkoxide compound, an indium carbide compound, an indium hydroxide, an indium halide, a gallium alkoxide compound, a gallium carbide compound, a gallium hydroxide, and a gallium halide. 17. The composition for forming a metal-containing film according to claim 12, wherein the composition comprises a solvent. 18. A method of producing the semiconductor element intermediate according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises steps of:
preparing a member for forming a metal-containing film; and forming a metal-containing film on the member for forming a metal-containing film by a sputtering method. 19. A method of producing a semiconductor element intermediate, wherein the method comprises steps of:
preparing a member for forming a metal-containing film; applying the composition for forming a metal-containing film according to claim 12, onto the member for forming a metal-containing film; and firing the applied composition for forming a metal-containing film. 20. A method of producing a semiconductor element, comprising steps of:
preparing the semiconductor element intermediate according to claim 1; and etching the semiconductor element intermediate. 21. A method of producing a semiconductor device, comprising steps of:
preparing a member comprising a resist layer comprising an upper layer and a lower layer and exposing and etching the upper layer; etching the lower layer; forming a metal-containing film in a recess formed in the lower layer; exposing and etching the upper layer again; and etching the lower layer again, wherein the metal-containing film has a content of germanium element of 20 atm % or more, or a total content of tin element, indium element, and gallium element of 1 atm % or more, as measured by X-ray photoelectric spectroscopy. 22. A method of producing a semiconductor element, comprising steps of:
forming a resist layer A on a substrate; forming a metal-containing film on the resist layer A; further forming a resist layer B different from the resist layer A on the metal-containing film; exposing and developing the resist layer B; etching the metal-containing film; etching the resist layer A; and removing the metal-containing film with an etching gas, wherein the metal-containing film has a content of germanium element of 20 atm % or more, or a total content of tin element, indium element, and gallium element of 1 atm % or more, as measured by X-ray photoelectric spectroscopy. | Provided are a semiconductor element intermediate including: a substrate and a multilayer resist layer, in which the multilayer resist layer includes a metal-containing film, and in which the metal-containing film has a content of germanium element of 20 atm % or more, or a total content of tin element, indium element, and gallium element of 1 atm % or more, as measured by X-ray photoelectric spectroscopy, and an application of the semiconductor intermediate.1. A semiconductor element intermediate comprising:
a substrate; and a multilayer resist layer, wherein the multilayer resist layer comprises a metal-containing film, and the metal-containing film has a content of germanium element of 20 atm % or more, or a total content of tin element, indium element, and gallium element of 1 atm % or more, as measured by X-ray photoelectric spectroscopy. 2. The semiconductor element intermediate according to claim 1, wherein the metal-containing film is solid at 400° C. under an atmosphere of 1 atm. 3. The semiconductor element intermediate according to claim 1, wherein the metal-containing film has a content of germanium element of 30 atm % or more, or a total content of tin element, indium element, and gallium element of from 2 atm % to 30 atm %. 4. The semiconductor element intermediate according to claim 1, wherein the metal-containing film comprises a germanium oxide, or comprises at least one selected from a tin oxide, an indium oxide, or a gallium oxide. 5. The semiconductor element intermediate according to claim 1,
wherein a recess is formed in at least one layer of the multilayer resist layer, and the metal-containing film is formed inside the recess and is in contact with a bottom of the recess. 6. The semiconductor element intermediate according to claim 1, wherein the metal-containing film is at least one layer included in the multilayer resist layer. 7. The semiconductor element intermediate according to claim 1,
wherein the multilayer resist layer comprises at least one of a spin-on carbon film or an amorphous silicon film, and the metal-containing film has a content of germanium element of 20 atm % or more as measured by X-ray photoelectric spectroscopy. 8. The semiconductor element intermediate according to claim 1,
wherein the multilayer resist layer comprises at least one of a silicon dioxide film or a silicon nitride film, and the metal-containing film has a total content of tin element, indium element, and gallium element of 1 atm % or more, as measured by X-ray photoelectric spectroscopy. 9. The semiconductor element intermediate according to claim 1, wherein the metal-containing film is a resist film. 10. The semiconductor element intermediate according to claim 1, wherein the metal-containing film is an embedded insulating film. 11. The semiconductor element intermediate according to claim 10,
wherein a recess is formed in at least one layer of the multilayer resist layer, the metal-containing film is formed inside the recess, and the recess has a width of from 5 nm to 300 nm. 12. A composition for forming the metal-containing film in the semiconductor element intermediate according to claim 1,
wherein the composition has a content of germanium element of 20 atm % or more, or a total content of tin element, indium element, and gallium element of 1 atm % or more, as measured by X-ray photoelectric spectroscopy after firing at 400° C. for 10 minutes under a nitrogen atmosphere. 13. The composition for forming a metal-containing film according to claim 12, wherein the composition has a refractive index of from 1.3 to 2.0, after firing at 400° C. for 10 minutes under a nitrogen atmosphere. 14. The composition for forming a metal-containing film according to claim 12, wherein the metal-containing film has a content of germanium element of 30 atm % or more, or a total content of tin element, indium element, and gallium element of from 2 atm % to 30 atm %. 15. The composition for forming a metal-containing film according to claim 12, wherein the composition has an onset temperature for curing of 300° C. or lower. 16. The composition for forming a metal-containing film according to claim 12,
wherein the composition comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of a germanium alkoxide compound, a germanium carbide compound, a germanium hydroxide, and a germanium halide, or comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of a tin alkoxide compound, a tin carbide compound, a tin hydroxide, a tin halide, an indium alkoxide compound, an indium carbide compound, an indium hydroxide, an indium halide, a gallium alkoxide compound, a gallium carbide compound, a gallium hydroxide, and a gallium halide. 17. The composition for forming a metal-containing film according to claim 12, wherein the composition comprises a solvent. 18. A method of producing the semiconductor element intermediate according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises steps of:
preparing a member for forming a metal-containing film; and forming a metal-containing film on the member for forming a metal-containing film by a sputtering method. 19. A method of producing a semiconductor element intermediate, wherein the method comprises steps of:
preparing a member for forming a metal-containing film; applying the composition for forming a metal-containing film according to claim 12, onto the member for forming a metal-containing film; and firing the applied composition for forming a metal-containing film. 20. A method of producing a semiconductor element, comprising steps of:
preparing the semiconductor element intermediate according to claim 1; and etching the semiconductor element intermediate. 21. A method of producing a semiconductor device, comprising steps of:
preparing a member comprising a resist layer comprising an upper layer and a lower layer and exposing and etching the upper layer; etching the lower layer; forming a metal-containing film in a recess formed in the lower layer; exposing and etching the upper layer again; and etching the lower layer again, wherein the metal-containing film has a content of germanium element of 20 atm % or more, or a total content of tin element, indium element, and gallium element of 1 atm % or more, as measured by X-ray photoelectric spectroscopy. 22. A method of producing a semiconductor element, comprising steps of:
forming a resist layer A on a substrate; forming a metal-containing film on the resist layer A; further forming a resist layer B different from the resist layer A on the metal-containing film; exposing and developing the resist layer B; etching the metal-containing film; etching the resist layer A; and removing the metal-containing film with an etching gas, wherein the metal-containing film has a content of germanium element of 20 atm % or more, or a total content of tin element, indium element, and gallium element of 1 atm % or more, as measured by X-ray photoelectric spectroscopy. | 1,600 |
349,229 | 350,103 | 16,757,877 | 1,623 | The present invention provides a flexible wrapping material comprising a coolant gel composition comprising, i) at least one hydrophilic polyurethane prepolymer, ii) a coolant agent, iii) water, and iv) thermally conductive filler. | 1. A flexible wrapping material, comprising a coolant gel composition comprising, i) at least one hydrophilic polyurethane prepolymer, ii) a coolant agent, iii) water, and iv) thermally conductive filler;
wherein a weight ratio of component ii) coolant agent to component iii) water is from 12:88 to 60:40; a weight ratio of component i) hydrophilic polyurethane prepolymer to a combination of component ii) coolant agent and component iii) water is from 1:33 to 1:5; and a weight percentage of the thermally conductive filler is from 10 to 75% by weight based on total weight of the coolant gel composition. 2. The flexible wrapping material according to claim 1, wherein the hydrophilic polyurethane prepolymer is an isocyanate-terminated prepolymer which is the reaction product of at least (a) a polyether polyol having at least 30 wt. % of oxyethylene groups, and (b) a bi-isocyanate composition that may be a composition of a pure di-isocyanate, of di-isocyanates, or of a di-isocyanate and a polyisocyanate. 3. The flexible wrapping material according to claim 2, wherein the polyether polyol has a nominal hydroxyl functionality of from 1.6 to 8, and a number average molecular weight of from 1,000 to 12,000. 4. The flexible wrapping material according to claim 1, wherein the hydrophilic polyurethane prepolymer has a free NCO content of from 1 to 5 wt. %, based on the weight of the prepolymer. 5. The flexible wrapping material according to claim 2, wherein the polyol is a polyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene polyol having a number average molecular weight of from 3,000 g/mole to 9,000 g/mole and a polyoxyethylene content of at least 30 wt. %, based on total weight of the polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene polyol. 6. The flexible wrapping material according to claim 5, wherein the polyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene polyol have a nominal hydroxyl functionality from 1.6 to 8. 7. The flexible wrapping material according to claim 1, wherein the coolant agent is selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, 1,2-propylene glycol, 1,3-propylene glycol, 1,4-butylene glycol, hexylene glycol, diethylene glycol, glycerin, water soluble polyol like polyethylene glycol, and any combination thereof. 8. The flexible wrapping material according to claim 1, wherein the thermally conductive filler has a thermal conductivity of at least 5 Wm·K. 9. The flexible wrapping material according to claim 1, wherein the coolant gel composition further comprises from 0.1 to 50%, based on the total weight of the coolant gel composition, of a phase-change material. 10. The flexible wrapping material according to claim 9, wherein the phase-change material has a phase change temperature of from −25 to −5° C., and a latent heat of enthalpy greater than about 50 kJ/kg. 11. The flexible wrapping material according to claim 1, wherein the coolant gel composition further comprises from 0.1 to 2%, based on the total weight of the coolant gel composition, of a water-dispersible isocyanate composition. 12. The flexible wrapping material according to claim 1, wherein the coolant gel composition is coupled with a barrier film to form the flexible wrapping material. | The present invention provides a flexible wrapping material comprising a coolant gel composition comprising, i) at least one hydrophilic polyurethane prepolymer, ii) a coolant agent, iii) water, and iv) thermally conductive filler.1. A flexible wrapping material, comprising a coolant gel composition comprising, i) at least one hydrophilic polyurethane prepolymer, ii) a coolant agent, iii) water, and iv) thermally conductive filler;
wherein a weight ratio of component ii) coolant agent to component iii) water is from 12:88 to 60:40; a weight ratio of component i) hydrophilic polyurethane prepolymer to a combination of component ii) coolant agent and component iii) water is from 1:33 to 1:5; and a weight percentage of the thermally conductive filler is from 10 to 75% by weight based on total weight of the coolant gel composition. 2. The flexible wrapping material according to claim 1, wherein the hydrophilic polyurethane prepolymer is an isocyanate-terminated prepolymer which is the reaction product of at least (a) a polyether polyol having at least 30 wt. % of oxyethylene groups, and (b) a bi-isocyanate composition that may be a composition of a pure di-isocyanate, of di-isocyanates, or of a di-isocyanate and a polyisocyanate. 3. The flexible wrapping material according to claim 2, wherein the polyether polyol has a nominal hydroxyl functionality of from 1.6 to 8, and a number average molecular weight of from 1,000 to 12,000. 4. The flexible wrapping material according to claim 1, wherein the hydrophilic polyurethane prepolymer has a free NCO content of from 1 to 5 wt. %, based on the weight of the prepolymer. 5. The flexible wrapping material according to claim 2, wherein the polyol is a polyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene polyol having a number average molecular weight of from 3,000 g/mole to 9,000 g/mole and a polyoxyethylene content of at least 30 wt. %, based on total weight of the polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene polyol. 6. The flexible wrapping material according to claim 5, wherein the polyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene polyol have a nominal hydroxyl functionality from 1.6 to 8. 7. The flexible wrapping material according to claim 1, wherein the coolant agent is selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, 1,2-propylene glycol, 1,3-propylene glycol, 1,4-butylene glycol, hexylene glycol, diethylene glycol, glycerin, water soluble polyol like polyethylene glycol, and any combination thereof. 8. The flexible wrapping material according to claim 1, wherein the thermally conductive filler has a thermal conductivity of at least 5 Wm·K. 9. The flexible wrapping material according to claim 1, wherein the coolant gel composition further comprises from 0.1 to 50%, based on the total weight of the coolant gel composition, of a phase-change material. 10. The flexible wrapping material according to claim 9, wherein the phase-change material has a phase change temperature of from −25 to −5° C., and a latent heat of enthalpy greater than about 50 kJ/kg. 11. The flexible wrapping material according to claim 1, wherein the coolant gel composition further comprises from 0.1 to 2%, based on the total weight of the coolant gel composition, of a water-dispersible isocyanate composition. 12. The flexible wrapping material according to claim 1, wherein the coolant gel composition is coupled with a barrier film to form the flexible wrapping material. | 1,600 |
349,230 | 350,104 | 16,757,855 | 1,623 | A tin or tin alloy plating solution includes: (A) a soluble salt containing at least a stannous salt; (B) an acid selected from an organic acid and an inorganic acid or a salt thereof; (C) a phenyl-based surfactant formed of polyoxyethylene bisphenol ether represented by the General Formula (1); and (D) a leveling agent, | 1. A method of forming a tin or tin alloy plating deposition layer comprising the step of forming a tin or tin alloy plating deposition layer on a substrate with vias having multiple kinds of via diameters by using a tin or tin alloy plating solution,
wherein the tin or tin alloy plating solution comprises: (A) a soluble salt containing at least a stannous salt; (B) an acid selected from an organic acid and an inorganic acid or a salt thereof; (C) a surfactant; and (D) a leveling agent, wherein the surfactant contains a phenyl-based surfactant and the phenyl-based surfactant is a polyoxyethylene bisphenol ether represented by General Formula (1), 2. The method of forming a tin or tin alloy plating deposition layer according to claim 1, wherein the tin or tin alloy plating solution further comprises: two or more of: a surfactant other than the phenyl-based surfactant; an antioxidant; and an alcohol having 1 to 3 carbon atoms. 3. A method for forming a bump comprising the step of performing a reflow process on the tin or tin alloy plating deposition layer formed by the method of forming a tin or tin alloy plating deposition layer according to claim 1. 4. A method for producing a circuit board using a bump formed by the method according to claim 3. 5. A method for forming a bump comprising the step of performing a reflow process on the tin or tin alloy plating deposition layer formed by the method of forming a tin or tin alloy plating deposition layer according to claim 2. | A tin or tin alloy plating solution includes: (A) a soluble salt containing at least a stannous salt; (B) an acid selected from an organic acid and an inorganic acid or a salt thereof; (C) a phenyl-based surfactant formed of polyoxyethylene bisphenol ether represented by the General Formula (1); and (D) a leveling agent,1. A method of forming a tin or tin alloy plating deposition layer comprising the step of forming a tin or tin alloy plating deposition layer on a substrate with vias having multiple kinds of via diameters by using a tin or tin alloy plating solution,
wherein the tin or tin alloy plating solution comprises: (A) a soluble salt containing at least a stannous salt; (B) an acid selected from an organic acid and an inorganic acid or a salt thereof; (C) a surfactant; and (D) a leveling agent, wherein the surfactant contains a phenyl-based surfactant and the phenyl-based surfactant is a polyoxyethylene bisphenol ether represented by General Formula (1), 2. The method of forming a tin or tin alloy plating deposition layer according to claim 1, wherein the tin or tin alloy plating solution further comprises: two or more of: a surfactant other than the phenyl-based surfactant; an antioxidant; and an alcohol having 1 to 3 carbon atoms. 3. A method for forming a bump comprising the step of performing a reflow process on the tin or tin alloy plating deposition layer formed by the method of forming a tin or tin alloy plating deposition layer according to claim 1. 4. A method for producing a circuit board using a bump formed by the method according to claim 3. 5. A method for forming a bump comprising the step of performing a reflow process on the tin or tin alloy plating deposition layer formed by the method of forming a tin or tin alloy plating deposition layer according to claim 2. | 1,600 |
349,231 | 350,105 | 16,757,868 | 1,623 | A combine harvester is provided with: a threshing device that performs a threshing process of threshing a crop; a grain tank that stores grain obtained by the threshing process; a grain discharging device that discharges grain to be stored in the grain tank to the outside of the vehicle body; a travel driving device that drives travel of the vehicle body; and an engine that serves as a power source. The combine harvester includes a first relay shaft to which power is transmitted from an output shaft of the engine, and the power of the engine is transmitted from the first relay shaft to the grain discharging device and the travel driving device in a branched manner. | 1. A combine harvester, comprising:
a threshing device that performs a threshing process of threshing a crop, a grain tank that stores grain obtained by the threshing process, a grain discharging device that discharges grain to be stored in the grain tank to the outside of the vehicle body, a travel driving device that drives travel of the vehicle body, and an engine that serves as a power source, wherein there is provided a first relay shaft to which power is transmitted from an output shaft of the engine, and the power of the engine is transmitted from the first relay shaft to the grain discharging device and the travel driving device in a branched manner. 2. The combine harvester according to claim 1,
wherein the output shaft is provided at a location on one side of the engine in the vehicle body left-right direction, power is transmitted from the output shaft to a plurality of driven devices provided in the threshing device, the first relay shaft is provided in a state extending from a location on one side in the vehicle body left-right direction to a location on the other side, and is configured such that power from the output shaft is input to one side in the vehicle body left-right direction, and power is output from the other side in the vehicle body left-right direction to the grain discharging device and the travel driving device, and a power transmission unit for a plurality of driven devices is provided on one side in the vehicle body left-right direction with respect to the engine, and a power transmission unit for the grain discharging device and the travel driving device are provided on the other side in the vehicle body left-right direction with respect to the engine. 3. The combine harvester according to claim 1,
wherein the grain tank and the engine are provided above the threshing device in a state lined up in the vehicle body front-rear direction, and the first relay shaft is provided in an area surrounded by the upper face of the threshing device, the grain tank, and the engine. 4. The combine harvester according to claim 1,
wherein in the grain discharging device, a transverse feed transport unit that is located in a lower portion inside the grain tank and feeds grain sideways, and a discharge conveyor that is located outside the grain tank and transports grain transported by the transverse feed transport unit to a discharge location, are provided, power from the first relay shaft is transmitted to the transverse feed transport unit, and is transmitted to the discharge conveyor through the transverse feed transport unit, a second relay shaft to which power from the first relay shaft is input is provided below the transverse feed transport unit, the travel driving device is provided at a position below the grain tank in a lower portion of the vehicle body, and a traveling transmission mechanism that transmits power from the second relay shaft to the travel driving device is provided in a state extending downward from the second relay shaft. 5. The combine harvester according to claim 1,
wherein the engine is provided in a state located above the threshing device and to the rear side of the grain tank, a threshing cylinder drive shaft for driving a threshing cylinder is provided on the rear side of the threshing device, and a threshing drive transmission mechanism that transmits power of the engine from the output shaft downward to the rear to the threshing cylinder drive shaft is provided. 6. The combine harvester according to claim 5,
wherein the threshing device is provided with a sorting processing unit having another driven device other than the threshing cylinder, a threshing input shaft for transmitting power from the threshing cylinder drive shaft to the sorting processing unit, and a threshing relay shaft to which power from the threshing input shaft is transmitted, are provided, and a first threshing transmission mechanism for the threshing input shaft and a second threshing transmission mechanism for the threshing relay shaft are provided in a state bending in a substantially L-shape such that the first threshing transmission mechanism protrudes downward from the threshing cylinder drive shaft and the second threshing transmission mechanism protrudes downward from the threshing input shaft. 7. The combine harvester according to claim 6,
wherein the sorting processing unit is provided with, as the driven devices, a shake sorting device that shakes and sorts processed articles after threshing processing by the threshing cylinder has been performed on the articles, a primary product collection device that collects a primary product sorted by the shake sorting, a secondary product collection device that collects a secondary product sorted by the shake sorting, and a blowing device that supplies sorting air to the processed articles to be shaken and sorted, and the sorting processing unit is also provided with a third threshing transmission mechanism that transmits power from the threshing relay shaft to the primary product collection device, a fourth threshing transmission mechanism that transmits power from the primary product collection device to the secondary product collection device, and a fifth threshing transmission mechanism that transmits power from the primary product collection device to the blowing device, the third threshing transmission mechanism being provided in a state extending in an inclined posture from the threshing relay shaft downward toward the rear, the fourth threshing transmission mechanism being provided in a state extending in a substantially horizontal posture from the primary product collection device toward the rear, and the fifth threshing transmission mechanism being provided in a state extending in a substantially horizontal posture from the primary product collection device toward the front. 8. The combine harvester according to claim 7,
wherein the primary product collection device and the secondary product collection device are configured with a screw conveyor, a primary product transport device that transports a primary product transported by the primary product collection device into the grain tank is provided on the opposite side of the primary product collection device from the side to which power is transmitted, and a secondary product returning device that returns a secondary product transported by the secondary product collection device into the threshing device is provided on the opposite side of the secondary product collection device from the side to which power is transmitted, the power of the primary product collection device being transmitted to the primary product transport device, and the power of the secondary product collection device being transmitted to the secondary product returning device. 9. The combine harvester according to claim 6,
wherein in the front portion of the vehicle body, there is provided a reaping transport unit that reaps planted grain culm and transports reaped grain culm to the threshing device, and a reaping transmission mechanism that transmits power from the threshing relay shaft to a reaping transport input shaft of the reaping transport unit is provided, the second threshing transmission mechanism being provided in a state extending in a substantially horizontal posture from the threshing input shaft toward the front, and the reaping transmission mechanism being provided in a state extending in a substantially horizontal posture from the threshing relay shaft toward the front. 10. The combine harvester according to claim 9,
wherein a threshing power transmission system that transmits power from the threshing cylinder drive shaft to each part of the sorting processing unit is collectively provided on one side of the threshing device in the left-right direction, and the reaping transport unit is provided with a reel that rakes planted grain culm rearward, a cutting blade that cuts a root of planted grain culm, an auger that gathers harvested grain culm in the lateral direction, and a feeder that transports the gathered grain culm toward the threshing device, a reaping power transmission system that transmits power from the reaping transport input shaft to the reel, the cutting blade, and the auger being collectively provided on one side of the reaping transport unit in the left-right direction. 11. The combine harvester according to claim 1,
wherein on the rear side of the threshing device, a threshing cylinder drive shaft for driving a threshing cylinder, and a shredding device that performs a shredding process of shredding threshed articles after the threshing process by the threshing device, are provided, and a power transmission mechanism for the shredding process that transmits power from the threshing cylinder drive shaft downward to the rear to the shredding device is provided. 12. The combine harvester according to claim 1,
wherein in the grain discharging device, a transverse feed transport unit that is located in a lower portion inside the grain tank and feeds grain sideways, and a discharge conveyor that is located outside the grain tank and transports grain transported by the transverse feed transport unit to a discharge location, are provided, power from the engine is transmitted to one side of the first relay shaft in the left-right direction, the discharge conveyor is provided in a state located on the other side of the grain tank in the left-right direction, and power from the first relay shaft is transmitted to the discharge conveyor through the transverse feed transport unit. | A combine harvester is provided with: a threshing device that performs a threshing process of threshing a crop; a grain tank that stores grain obtained by the threshing process; a grain discharging device that discharges grain to be stored in the grain tank to the outside of the vehicle body; a travel driving device that drives travel of the vehicle body; and an engine that serves as a power source. The combine harvester includes a first relay shaft to which power is transmitted from an output shaft of the engine, and the power of the engine is transmitted from the first relay shaft to the grain discharging device and the travel driving device in a branched manner.1. A combine harvester, comprising:
a threshing device that performs a threshing process of threshing a crop, a grain tank that stores grain obtained by the threshing process, a grain discharging device that discharges grain to be stored in the grain tank to the outside of the vehicle body, a travel driving device that drives travel of the vehicle body, and an engine that serves as a power source, wherein there is provided a first relay shaft to which power is transmitted from an output shaft of the engine, and the power of the engine is transmitted from the first relay shaft to the grain discharging device and the travel driving device in a branched manner. 2. The combine harvester according to claim 1,
wherein the output shaft is provided at a location on one side of the engine in the vehicle body left-right direction, power is transmitted from the output shaft to a plurality of driven devices provided in the threshing device, the first relay shaft is provided in a state extending from a location on one side in the vehicle body left-right direction to a location on the other side, and is configured such that power from the output shaft is input to one side in the vehicle body left-right direction, and power is output from the other side in the vehicle body left-right direction to the grain discharging device and the travel driving device, and a power transmission unit for a plurality of driven devices is provided on one side in the vehicle body left-right direction with respect to the engine, and a power transmission unit for the grain discharging device and the travel driving device are provided on the other side in the vehicle body left-right direction with respect to the engine. 3. The combine harvester according to claim 1,
wherein the grain tank and the engine are provided above the threshing device in a state lined up in the vehicle body front-rear direction, and the first relay shaft is provided in an area surrounded by the upper face of the threshing device, the grain tank, and the engine. 4. The combine harvester according to claim 1,
wherein in the grain discharging device, a transverse feed transport unit that is located in a lower portion inside the grain tank and feeds grain sideways, and a discharge conveyor that is located outside the grain tank and transports grain transported by the transverse feed transport unit to a discharge location, are provided, power from the first relay shaft is transmitted to the transverse feed transport unit, and is transmitted to the discharge conveyor through the transverse feed transport unit, a second relay shaft to which power from the first relay shaft is input is provided below the transverse feed transport unit, the travel driving device is provided at a position below the grain tank in a lower portion of the vehicle body, and a traveling transmission mechanism that transmits power from the second relay shaft to the travel driving device is provided in a state extending downward from the second relay shaft. 5. The combine harvester according to claim 1,
wherein the engine is provided in a state located above the threshing device and to the rear side of the grain tank, a threshing cylinder drive shaft for driving a threshing cylinder is provided on the rear side of the threshing device, and a threshing drive transmission mechanism that transmits power of the engine from the output shaft downward to the rear to the threshing cylinder drive shaft is provided. 6. The combine harvester according to claim 5,
wherein the threshing device is provided with a sorting processing unit having another driven device other than the threshing cylinder, a threshing input shaft for transmitting power from the threshing cylinder drive shaft to the sorting processing unit, and a threshing relay shaft to which power from the threshing input shaft is transmitted, are provided, and a first threshing transmission mechanism for the threshing input shaft and a second threshing transmission mechanism for the threshing relay shaft are provided in a state bending in a substantially L-shape such that the first threshing transmission mechanism protrudes downward from the threshing cylinder drive shaft and the second threshing transmission mechanism protrudes downward from the threshing input shaft. 7. The combine harvester according to claim 6,
wherein the sorting processing unit is provided with, as the driven devices, a shake sorting device that shakes and sorts processed articles after threshing processing by the threshing cylinder has been performed on the articles, a primary product collection device that collects a primary product sorted by the shake sorting, a secondary product collection device that collects a secondary product sorted by the shake sorting, and a blowing device that supplies sorting air to the processed articles to be shaken and sorted, and the sorting processing unit is also provided with a third threshing transmission mechanism that transmits power from the threshing relay shaft to the primary product collection device, a fourth threshing transmission mechanism that transmits power from the primary product collection device to the secondary product collection device, and a fifth threshing transmission mechanism that transmits power from the primary product collection device to the blowing device, the third threshing transmission mechanism being provided in a state extending in an inclined posture from the threshing relay shaft downward toward the rear, the fourth threshing transmission mechanism being provided in a state extending in a substantially horizontal posture from the primary product collection device toward the rear, and the fifth threshing transmission mechanism being provided in a state extending in a substantially horizontal posture from the primary product collection device toward the front. 8. The combine harvester according to claim 7,
wherein the primary product collection device and the secondary product collection device are configured with a screw conveyor, a primary product transport device that transports a primary product transported by the primary product collection device into the grain tank is provided on the opposite side of the primary product collection device from the side to which power is transmitted, and a secondary product returning device that returns a secondary product transported by the secondary product collection device into the threshing device is provided on the opposite side of the secondary product collection device from the side to which power is transmitted, the power of the primary product collection device being transmitted to the primary product transport device, and the power of the secondary product collection device being transmitted to the secondary product returning device. 9. The combine harvester according to claim 6,
wherein in the front portion of the vehicle body, there is provided a reaping transport unit that reaps planted grain culm and transports reaped grain culm to the threshing device, and a reaping transmission mechanism that transmits power from the threshing relay shaft to a reaping transport input shaft of the reaping transport unit is provided, the second threshing transmission mechanism being provided in a state extending in a substantially horizontal posture from the threshing input shaft toward the front, and the reaping transmission mechanism being provided in a state extending in a substantially horizontal posture from the threshing relay shaft toward the front. 10. The combine harvester according to claim 9,
wherein a threshing power transmission system that transmits power from the threshing cylinder drive shaft to each part of the sorting processing unit is collectively provided on one side of the threshing device in the left-right direction, and the reaping transport unit is provided with a reel that rakes planted grain culm rearward, a cutting blade that cuts a root of planted grain culm, an auger that gathers harvested grain culm in the lateral direction, and a feeder that transports the gathered grain culm toward the threshing device, a reaping power transmission system that transmits power from the reaping transport input shaft to the reel, the cutting blade, and the auger being collectively provided on one side of the reaping transport unit in the left-right direction. 11. The combine harvester according to claim 1,
wherein on the rear side of the threshing device, a threshing cylinder drive shaft for driving a threshing cylinder, and a shredding device that performs a shredding process of shredding threshed articles after the threshing process by the threshing device, are provided, and a power transmission mechanism for the shredding process that transmits power from the threshing cylinder drive shaft downward to the rear to the shredding device is provided. 12. The combine harvester according to claim 1,
wherein in the grain discharging device, a transverse feed transport unit that is located in a lower portion inside the grain tank and feeds grain sideways, and a discharge conveyor that is located outside the grain tank and transports grain transported by the transverse feed transport unit to a discharge location, are provided, power from the engine is transmitted to one side of the first relay shaft in the left-right direction, the discharge conveyor is provided in a state located on the other side of the grain tank in the left-right direction, and power from the first relay shaft is transmitted to the discharge conveyor through the transverse feed transport unit. | 1,600 |
349,232 | 350,106 | 16,757,875 | 2,684 | A rearing place management device according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a photographing unit for photographing a rearing place; a control unit for detecting abnormal signs in the rearing place by comparing behavior patterns in image data obtained by the photographing unit with behavior patterns in normal image data; and a communication unit for transmitting the abnormal signs, wherein the control unit extracts a region of interest including the abnormal signs from the obtained image data, transmits information on the region of interest to the photographing unit, receives, from the photographing unit, image data obtained by photographing the region of interest, and extracts an abnormal region which is narrower than the region of interest from the behavior patterns in the image data of the region of interest. | 1. A rearing place management device comprising:
a photographing unit configured to generate image data by photographing a rearing place; a controller configured to detect an abnormal sign in the rearing place by comparing a behavior pattern in the image data generated by the photographing unit with a behavior pattern in normal image data; and a communicator configured to transmit information about the abnormal sign, wherein the controller extracts a region of interest including the abnormal sign from the generated image data, transmits information about the region of interest to the photographing unit, receives image data obtained by photographing the region of interest from the photographing unit, and extracts an abnormal region narrower than the region of interest from a behavior pattern in the image data of the region of interest. 2. The rearing place management device of claim 1, wherein the photographing unit adjusts a shooting angle and magnification of the photographing unit using the information about the region of interest to photograph the region of interest. 3. The rearing place management device of claim 2, further comprising a sensor unit configured to sense the abnormal sign in the rearing place,
wherein the photographing unit is activated when the abnormal sign is sensed by the sensor unit. 4. The rearing place management device of claim 3, further comprising a lighting controller configured to adjust an intensity of illuminance in the rearing place,
wherein the sensor unit comprises a sound sensor configured to sense sound in the rearing place, and when the abnormal sign is sensed by the sound sensor, the lighting controller increases the intensity of illuminance in the rearing place and the photographing unit is activated. 5. The rearing place management device of claim 3, further comprising a lighting controller configured to adjust an intensity of illuminance in the rearing place,
wherein the sensor unit comprises an odor sensor configured to sense an odor in the rearing place, and when the abnormal sign is sensed by the odor sensor, the lighting controller increases the intensity of illuminance in the rearing place and the photographing unit is activated. 6. The rearing place management device of claim 5, wherein a plurality of odor sensors are installed to be spaced apart from each other in the rearing place,
wherein information about a position of each of the plurality of odor sensors is stored in the controller, and when the abnormal sign is sensed by one of the plurality of odor sensors, the controller controls the photographing unit to control a shooting angle and magnification with respect to the vicinity of the one odor sensor. 7. The rearing place management device of claim 1, wherein the photographing unit comprises an upper photographing unit on an upper part of the rearing place and at least one side photographing unit at a side of the rearing place, and
the controller synchronizes image data obtained by the upper photographing unit with image data obtained by the at least one side photographing unit in real time. 8. The rearing place management device of claim 1, wherein the controller identifies a level of the abnormal sign according to a similarity between the behavior pattern in the generated image data and the behavior pattern in the normal image data and divides the region of interest into a first region of interest, a second region of interest, and a third region of interest according to the level of the abnormal sign. 9. The rearing place management device of claim 8, wherein the controller controls the photographing unit to differently set an orientation and a magnification of the region of interest according to the first region of interest, the second region of interest, and the third region of interest. 10. The rearing place management device of claim 9, wherein the controller sets a magnification for a region of interest determined to have the highest-level abnormal sign to be higher than a magnification for a region of interest determined to have a relatively low level abnormal sign. 11. A rearing place management method comprising:
photographing a rearing place by a photographing unit; detecting, by a controller, an abnormal sign in the rearing place by comparing a behavior pattern in image data obtained by the photographing unit with a behavior pattern in normal image data; transmitting information about the abnormal sign to an administrator terminal by a communicator; extracting, by the controller, a region of interest including the abnormal sign from the obtained image data; transmitting, by the controller, information about the region of interest to the photographing unit; receiving, by the controller, image data obtained by photographing the region of interest from the photographing unit; and extracting, by the controller, an abnormal region narrower than the region of interest from the behavior pattern in the image data obtained by photographing the region of interest. 12. The rearing place management method of claim 11, wherein the photographing unit adjusts a shooting angle and magnification thereof using the information about the region of interest to photograph the region of interest. 13. The rearing place management method of claim 12, further comprising:
sensing the abnormal sign in the rearing place by a sensor unit; and activating the photographing unit. 14. The rearing place management method of claim 13, further comprising, after the sensing of the abnormal sign in the rearing place, increasing an intensity of illuminance in the rearing place by a lighting controller. 15. The rearing place management method of claim 14, wherein the sensor unit comprises a plurality of odor sensors installed to be spaced apart from each other in the rearing place, and
the sensing of the abnormal sign in the rearing place comprises, when one of the plurality of odor sensors senses an abnormal sign in the rearing place, the controller controls the photographing unit to adjust the shooting angle and magnification with respect to the vicinity of the one odor sensor. 16. The rearing place management method of claim 13, wherein the sensor unit comprises an odor sensor configured to sense an odor in the rearing place, and
the rearing place management method further comprising, when the abnormal sign is sensed by the odor sensor, increasing the intensity of illuminance in the rearing place by the lighting controller; and activating the photographing unit. 17. The rearing place management method of claim 11, wherein the photographing of the rearing place further comprises the controller synchronizing image data obtained by an upper photographing unit with image data obtained by the at least one side photographing unit. 18. The rearing place management method of claim 11, wherein the extracting the region of interest further comprises the controller identifying the level of an abnormal sign according to a similarity between the behavior pattern in the generated image data and the behavior pattern in the normal image data and dividing the region of interest into a first region of interest, a second region of interest, and a third region of interest according to the level of the abnormal sign. 19. The rearing place management method of claim 18, further comprising, after the extracting the region of interest, controlling, by the controller, the photographing unit to differently set an orientation and a magnification of the region of interest according to the first region of interest, the second region of interest, and the third region of interest. 20. The rearing place management method of claim 19, further comprising, setting, by the controller, a magnification for a region of interest determined to have the highest-level abnormal sign to be higher than a magnification for a region of interest determined to have a relatively low level abnormal sign. | A rearing place management device according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a photographing unit for photographing a rearing place; a control unit for detecting abnormal signs in the rearing place by comparing behavior patterns in image data obtained by the photographing unit with behavior patterns in normal image data; and a communication unit for transmitting the abnormal signs, wherein the control unit extracts a region of interest including the abnormal signs from the obtained image data, transmits information on the region of interest to the photographing unit, receives, from the photographing unit, image data obtained by photographing the region of interest, and extracts an abnormal region which is narrower than the region of interest from the behavior patterns in the image data of the region of interest.1. A rearing place management device comprising:
a photographing unit configured to generate image data by photographing a rearing place; a controller configured to detect an abnormal sign in the rearing place by comparing a behavior pattern in the image data generated by the photographing unit with a behavior pattern in normal image data; and a communicator configured to transmit information about the abnormal sign, wherein the controller extracts a region of interest including the abnormal sign from the generated image data, transmits information about the region of interest to the photographing unit, receives image data obtained by photographing the region of interest from the photographing unit, and extracts an abnormal region narrower than the region of interest from a behavior pattern in the image data of the region of interest. 2. The rearing place management device of claim 1, wherein the photographing unit adjusts a shooting angle and magnification of the photographing unit using the information about the region of interest to photograph the region of interest. 3. The rearing place management device of claim 2, further comprising a sensor unit configured to sense the abnormal sign in the rearing place,
wherein the photographing unit is activated when the abnormal sign is sensed by the sensor unit. 4. The rearing place management device of claim 3, further comprising a lighting controller configured to adjust an intensity of illuminance in the rearing place,
wherein the sensor unit comprises a sound sensor configured to sense sound in the rearing place, and when the abnormal sign is sensed by the sound sensor, the lighting controller increases the intensity of illuminance in the rearing place and the photographing unit is activated. 5. The rearing place management device of claim 3, further comprising a lighting controller configured to adjust an intensity of illuminance in the rearing place,
wherein the sensor unit comprises an odor sensor configured to sense an odor in the rearing place, and when the abnormal sign is sensed by the odor sensor, the lighting controller increases the intensity of illuminance in the rearing place and the photographing unit is activated. 6. The rearing place management device of claim 5, wherein a plurality of odor sensors are installed to be spaced apart from each other in the rearing place,
wherein information about a position of each of the plurality of odor sensors is stored in the controller, and when the abnormal sign is sensed by one of the plurality of odor sensors, the controller controls the photographing unit to control a shooting angle and magnification with respect to the vicinity of the one odor sensor. 7. The rearing place management device of claim 1, wherein the photographing unit comprises an upper photographing unit on an upper part of the rearing place and at least one side photographing unit at a side of the rearing place, and
the controller synchronizes image data obtained by the upper photographing unit with image data obtained by the at least one side photographing unit in real time. 8. The rearing place management device of claim 1, wherein the controller identifies a level of the abnormal sign according to a similarity between the behavior pattern in the generated image data and the behavior pattern in the normal image data and divides the region of interest into a first region of interest, a second region of interest, and a third region of interest according to the level of the abnormal sign. 9. The rearing place management device of claim 8, wherein the controller controls the photographing unit to differently set an orientation and a magnification of the region of interest according to the first region of interest, the second region of interest, and the third region of interest. 10. The rearing place management device of claim 9, wherein the controller sets a magnification for a region of interest determined to have the highest-level abnormal sign to be higher than a magnification for a region of interest determined to have a relatively low level abnormal sign. 11. A rearing place management method comprising:
photographing a rearing place by a photographing unit; detecting, by a controller, an abnormal sign in the rearing place by comparing a behavior pattern in image data obtained by the photographing unit with a behavior pattern in normal image data; transmitting information about the abnormal sign to an administrator terminal by a communicator; extracting, by the controller, a region of interest including the abnormal sign from the obtained image data; transmitting, by the controller, information about the region of interest to the photographing unit; receiving, by the controller, image data obtained by photographing the region of interest from the photographing unit; and extracting, by the controller, an abnormal region narrower than the region of interest from the behavior pattern in the image data obtained by photographing the region of interest. 12. The rearing place management method of claim 11, wherein the photographing unit adjusts a shooting angle and magnification thereof using the information about the region of interest to photograph the region of interest. 13. The rearing place management method of claim 12, further comprising:
sensing the abnormal sign in the rearing place by a sensor unit; and activating the photographing unit. 14. The rearing place management method of claim 13, further comprising, after the sensing of the abnormal sign in the rearing place, increasing an intensity of illuminance in the rearing place by a lighting controller. 15. The rearing place management method of claim 14, wherein the sensor unit comprises a plurality of odor sensors installed to be spaced apart from each other in the rearing place, and
the sensing of the abnormal sign in the rearing place comprises, when one of the plurality of odor sensors senses an abnormal sign in the rearing place, the controller controls the photographing unit to adjust the shooting angle and magnification with respect to the vicinity of the one odor sensor. 16. The rearing place management method of claim 13, wherein the sensor unit comprises an odor sensor configured to sense an odor in the rearing place, and
the rearing place management method further comprising, when the abnormal sign is sensed by the odor sensor, increasing the intensity of illuminance in the rearing place by the lighting controller; and activating the photographing unit. 17. The rearing place management method of claim 11, wherein the photographing of the rearing place further comprises the controller synchronizing image data obtained by an upper photographing unit with image data obtained by the at least one side photographing unit. 18. The rearing place management method of claim 11, wherein the extracting the region of interest further comprises the controller identifying the level of an abnormal sign according to a similarity between the behavior pattern in the generated image data and the behavior pattern in the normal image data and dividing the region of interest into a first region of interest, a second region of interest, and a third region of interest according to the level of the abnormal sign. 19. The rearing place management method of claim 18, further comprising, after the extracting the region of interest, controlling, by the controller, the photographing unit to differently set an orientation and a magnification of the region of interest according to the first region of interest, the second region of interest, and the third region of interest. 20. The rearing place management method of claim 19, further comprising, setting, by the controller, a magnification for a region of interest determined to have the highest-level abnormal sign to be higher than a magnification for a region of interest determined to have a relatively low level abnormal sign. | 2,600 |
349,233 | 350,107 | 16,757,852 | 2,684 | The present disclosure provides a display substrate, including: a display area having a contour, at least a portion of the contour having a curved shape, the display area being divided into a plurality of sub-display areas, at least one of the sub-display areas close to an edge of the display area having a contour conformal to the contour of the display area. The at least one sub-display area includes a plurality of sub-pixels arranged therein along an extending direction of the contour of the sub-display area. | 1-21. (canceled) 22. A display substrate, comprising a display area having a contour, at least a portion of the contour having a curved shape, wherein the display area is divided into a plurality of sub-display areas, at least one of the sub-display areas close to an edge of the display area having a contour conformal to the contour of the display area,
wherein the at least one sub-display area comprises a plurality of sub-pixels arranged therein along an extending direction of the contour of the sub-display area. 23. The display substrate according to claim 22, wherein the at least one sub-display area comprises a plurality of annular sub-display areas arranged in a radial direction, and each of the plurality of annular sub-display areas comprises a plurality of sub-pixels arranged therein along an extending direction of the contour of the sub-display area. 24. The display substrate according to claim 23, wherein the plurality of sub-pixels comprise a plurality of first sub-pixels, a plurality of second sub-pixels, and a plurality of third sub-pixels having different colors, wherein a plurality of pixel units are sequentially arranged along the extending direction of the contour of each of the sub-display areas, and each pixel unit consists of one first sub-pixel, one second sub-pixel, and one third sub-pixel which are adjacently and continuously arranged in a corresponding one of the sub-display areas in which the pixel unit is located. 25. The display substrate according to claim 24, wherein the display substrate is an organic electroluminescent diode display substrate, and wherein each of the first sub-pixels to the third sub-pixels comprises an organic electroluminescent diode. 26. The display substrate according to claim 25, further comprising pixel driving circuits arranged in an array on a base substrate on which the organic electroluminescent diodes are formed, wherein
each of the pixel driving circuits is coupled to an anode of a corresponding one of the organic electroluminescent diodes. 27. The display substrate according to claim 25, wherein the first sub-pixels comprise red organic electroluminescent diodes, the second sub-pixels comprise green organic electroluminescent diodes, and the third sub-pixels comprise blue organic electroluminescent diodes. 28. The display substrate according to claim 27, further comprising: a pixel defining layer formed over a layer in which an anode of the organic electroluminescent diode is located, wherein
the pixel defining layer defines a first opening for accommodating a light emitting layer of the red organic electroluminescent diodes, a second opening for accommodating a light emitting layer of the green organic electroluminescent diodes, and a third opening for accommodating a light emitting layer of the blue organic electroluminescent diodes, and the first opening has an area S1, the second opening has an area S2, the third opening has an area S3, where S1<S2<S3. 29. The display substrate according to claim 28, wherein the display area has a circular shape, and the plurality of annular sub-display areas have a circular ring shape concentric with the display area, wherein the plurality of annular sub-display areas are symmetric about a first axis, the display area is symmetric about the first axis, and the plurality of pixel units are symmetric about the first axis. 30. The display substrate according to claim 28, wherein the display area has an ellipse shape and the plurality of annular sub-display areas have an elliptical ring shape concentric with the display area, wherein the plurality of annular sub-display areas are symmetric about a first axis, the display area is symmetric about the first axis, and the plurality of pixel units are symmetric about the first axis. 31. The display substrate according to claim 29, wherein centers of the first opening, the second opening, and the third opening in a same one of the annular sub-display areas are located on a same circle, and centers of the first opening, the second opening, and the third opening in each of different ones of the sub-display areas are located on a different concentric circle. 32. The display substrate according to claim 29, wherein centers of the first opening, the second opening, and third opening in a same one of the annular sub-display areas have a same distance to a circle center of the annular sub-display area, and centers of the first opening, the second opening, and the third opening in different ones of the sub-display areas have different distances to circle centers of respective ones of the different ones of the sub-display areas. 33. The display substrate according to claim 24, wherein the display substrate comprises a color filter substrate, and wherein the sub-pixels comprise: color filters. 34. The display substrate according to claim 33, wherein the sub-pixels comprise: red filters, green filters, and blue filters. 35. The display substrate according to claim 24, wherein the display substrate comprises an array substrate, and each of the first sub-pixels to the third sub-pixels comprises a pixel electrode. 36. The display substrate according to claim 24, wherein a distance between centers of any two directly-adjacent ones of the sub-pixels in each of the sub-display areas is same. 37. The display substrate according to claim 24, wherein a distance between a center of each sub-pixel in one sub-display area of two adjacent ones of the sub-pixel areas and a center of a corresponding one sub-pixel in the other of the two adjacent ones of the sub-pixel areas and adjacent to the sub-pixel in the one sub-display area is same. 38. The display substrate according to claim 22, wherein each of the plurality of sub-display areas has a contour conformal to the contour of the display area, and
wherein each of the sub-display areas comprises a plurality of sub-pixels arranged therein along an extending direction of the contour of the sub-display area. 39. The display substrate according to claim 24, wherein the first sub-pixels, the second sub-pixels and the third sub-pixels in each of the plurality of annular sub-display areas are arranged in a same order along the extending direction of the contour of the sub-display area in which the first sub-pixels, the second sub-pixels and the third sub-pixels are located. 40. A display apparatus, comprising: the display substrate according claim 22. 41. A display apparatus, comprising: the display substrate according to claim 33 and a first display substrate aligned with each other,
wherein the first display substrate comprising a first display area having a first contour, at least a portion of the first contour having a curved shape, wherein the first display area is divided into a plurality of first sub-display areas, at least one of the first sub-display areas close to an edge of the first display area having a contour conformal to the first contour of the first display area,
wherein the at least one first sub-display area comprises a plurality of sub-pixels arranged therein along an extending direction of the contour of the first sub-display area,
the plurality of sub-pixels of the at least one first sub-display area comprise a plurality of first sub-pixels, a plurality of second sub-pixels, and a plurality of third sub-pixels having different colors, wherein a plurality of first pixel units are sequentially arranged along the extending direction of the contour of each of the first sub-display areas, and each first pixel unit consists of one first sub-pixel, one second sub-pixel, and one third sub-pixel which are adjacently and continuously arranged in a corresponding one of the first sub-display areas in which the first pixel unit is located, and
the first display substrate comprises an array substrate, and each of the first sub-pixels to the third sub-pixels of the at least one first sub-display area comprises a pixel electrode. | The present disclosure provides a display substrate, including: a display area having a contour, at least a portion of the contour having a curved shape, the display area being divided into a plurality of sub-display areas, at least one of the sub-display areas close to an edge of the display area having a contour conformal to the contour of the display area. The at least one sub-display area includes a plurality of sub-pixels arranged therein along an extending direction of the contour of the sub-display area.1-21. (canceled) 22. A display substrate, comprising a display area having a contour, at least a portion of the contour having a curved shape, wherein the display area is divided into a plurality of sub-display areas, at least one of the sub-display areas close to an edge of the display area having a contour conformal to the contour of the display area,
wherein the at least one sub-display area comprises a plurality of sub-pixels arranged therein along an extending direction of the contour of the sub-display area. 23. The display substrate according to claim 22, wherein the at least one sub-display area comprises a plurality of annular sub-display areas arranged in a radial direction, and each of the plurality of annular sub-display areas comprises a plurality of sub-pixels arranged therein along an extending direction of the contour of the sub-display area. 24. The display substrate according to claim 23, wherein the plurality of sub-pixels comprise a plurality of first sub-pixels, a plurality of second sub-pixels, and a plurality of third sub-pixels having different colors, wherein a plurality of pixel units are sequentially arranged along the extending direction of the contour of each of the sub-display areas, and each pixel unit consists of one first sub-pixel, one second sub-pixel, and one third sub-pixel which are adjacently and continuously arranged in a corresponding one of the sub-display areas in which the pixel unit is located. 25. The display substrate according to claim 24, wherein the display substrate is an organic electroluminescent diode display substrate, and wherein each of the first sub-pixels to the third sub-pixels comprises an organic electroluminescent diode. 26. The display substrate according to claim 25, further comprising pixel driving circuits arranged in an array on a base substrate on which the organic electroluminescent diodes are formed, wherein
each of the pixel driving circuits is coupled to an anode of a corresponding one of the organic electroluminescent diodes. 27. The display substrate according to claim 25, wherein the first sub-pixels comprise red organic electroluminescent diodes, the second sub-pixels comprise green organic electroluminescent diodes, and the third sub-pixels comprise blue organic electroluminescent diodes. 28. The display substrate according to claim 27, further comprising: a pixel defining layer formed over a layer in which an anode of the organic electroluminescent diode is located, wherein
the pixel defining layer defines a first opening for accommodating a light emitting layer of the red organic electroluminescent diodes, a second opening for accommodating a light emitting layer of the green organic electroluminescent diodes, and a third opening for accommodating a light emitting layer of the blue organic electroluminescent diodes, and the first opening has an area S1, the second opening has an area S2, the third opening has an area S3, where S1<S2<S3. 29. The display substrate according to claim 28, wherein the display area has a circular shape, and the plurality of annular sub-display areas have a circular ring shape concentric with the display area, wherein the plurality of annular sub-display areas are symmetric about a first axis, the display area is symmetric about the first axis, and the plurality of pixel units are symmetric about the first axis. 30. The display substrate according to claim 28, wherein the display area has an ellipse shape and the plurality of annular sub-display areas have an elliptical ring shape concentric with the display area, wherein the plurality of annular sub-display areas are symmetric about a first axis, the display area is symmetric about the first axis, and the plurality of pixel units are symmetric about the first axis. 31. The display substrate according to claim 29, wherein centers of the first opening, the second opening, and the third opening in a same one of the annular sub-display areas are located on a same circle, and centers of the first opening, the second opening, and the third opening in each of different ones of the sub-display areas are located on a different concentric circle. 32. The display substrate according to claim 29, wherein centers of the first opening, the second opening, and third opening in a same one of the annular sub-display areas have a same distance to a circle center of the annular sub-display area, and centers of the first opening, the second opening, and the third opening in different ones of the sub-display areas have different distances to circle centers of respective ones of the different ones of the sub-display areas. 33. The display substrate according to claim 24, wherein the display substrate comprises a color filter substrate, and wherein the sub-pixels comprise: color filters. 34. The display substrate according to claim 33, wherein the sub-pixels comprise: red filters, green filters, and blue filters. 35. The display substrate according to claim 24, wherein the display substrate comprises an array substrate, and each of the first sub-pixels to the third sub-pixels comprises a pixel electrode. 36. The display substrate according to claim 24, wherein a distance between centers of any two directly-adjacent ones of the sub-pixels in each of the sub-display areas is same. 37. The display substrate according to claim 24, wherein a distance between a center of each sub-pixel in one sub-display area of two adjacent ones of the sub-pixel areas and a center of a corresponding one sub-pixel in the other of the two adjacent ones of the sub-pixel areas and adjacent to the sub-pixel in the one sub-display area is same. 38. The display substrate according to claim 22, wherein each of the plurality of sub-display areas has a contour conformal to the contour of the display area, and
wherein each of the sub-display areas comprises a plurality of sub-pixels arranged therein along an extending direction of the contour of the sub-display area. 39. The display substrate according to claim 24, wherein the first sub-pixels, the second sub-pixels and the third sub-pixels in each of the plurality of annular sub-display areas are arranged in a same order along the extending direction of the contour of the sub-display area in which the first sub-pixels, the second sub-pixels and the third sub-pixels are located. 40. A display apparatus, comprising: the display substrate according claim 22. 41. A display apparatus, comprising: the display substrate according to claim 33 and a first display substrate aligned with each other,
wherein the first display substrate comprising a first display area having a first contour, at least a portion of the first contour having a curved shape, wherein the first display area is divided into a plurality of first sub-display areas, at least one of the first sub-display areas close to an edge of the first display area having a contour conformal to the first contour of the first display area,
wherein the at least one first sub-display area comprises a plurality of sub-pixels arranged therein along an extending direction of the contour of the first sub-display area,
the plurality of sub-pixels of the at least one first sub-display area comprise a plurality of first sub-pixels, a plurality of second sub-pixels, and a plurality of third sub-pixels having different colors, wherein a plurality of first pixel units are sequentially arranged along the extending direction of the contour of each of the first sub-display areas, and each first pixel unit consists of one first sub-pixel, one second sub-pixel, and one third sub-pixel which are adjacently and continuously arranged in a corresponding one of the first sub-display areas in which the first pixel unit is located, and
the first display substrate comprises an array substrate, and each of the first sub-pixels to the third sub-pixels of the at least one first sub-display area comprises a pixel electrode. | 2,600 |
349,234 | 350,108 | 16,757,900 | 2,684 | [Solving Means] To attain the aforementioned object, according to a mode of the present invention, an information processing apparatus includes an obtaining module and a generating module. The obtaining module obtains measuring data about a measured surface. The generating module generates covering material information about a covering material that covers the measured surface based on a feature of the obtained measuring data. | 1. An information processing apparatus, comprising:
an obtaining module that obtains measuring data about a measured surface; and a generating module that generates covering material information about a covering material that covers the measured surface based on a feature of the obtained measuring data. 2. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the covering material information includes at least one of a type, a thickness, a density, a particle diameter, a moisture content, a temperature, a cover distribution, a friction coefficient, slipperiness index information, and an evaluation value based on a predetermined criterion of the covering material. 3. The information processing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein
the evaluation value based on the predetermined criterion includes a runway condition code defined by International Civil Aviation Organization. 4. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the generating module generates predictive information indicating a predictive condition of the measured surface based on at least one of the obtained measuring data and the generated covering material information. 5. The information processing apparatus according to claim 4, wherein
the obtaining module generates predictive measuring data about the measured surface based on a feature of the obtained measuring data, and the generating module generates the predictive information based on the generated predictive measuring data. 6. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
an output module that outputs output data including the generated covering material information. 7. The information processing apparatus according to claim 6, wherein
the output data includes at least one of text data, image data, and sound data including the covering material information. 8. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the covering material that covers the measured surface includes snow that covers a runway surface. 9. The information processing apparatus according to claim 6, wherein
the covering material that covers the measured surface includes snow that covers a runway surface, and the output module outputs the output data, the output data including at least one of a thickness, a type, a density, a particle diameter, a moisture content, a temperature, a cover distribution, a friction coefficient, and slipperiness information of the snow that covers the runway surface, a runway condition code defined by International Civil Aviation Organization, necessity/unnecessity of snow removal, and takeoff and landing availability/unavailability information. 10. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the generating module generates the covering material information based on a predetermined machine learning algorithm. 11. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the measuring data includes measuring text data or measuring image data obtained by irradiating the measured surface with a measuring wave. 12. The information processing apparatus according to claim 11, wherein
the measuring data includes measuring text data or measuring image data obtained by irradiating the measured surface with at least one of an electromagnetic wave having a predetermined wavelength, an electromagnetic wave having a predetermined wavelength band, and an electromagnetic wave having a predetermined wavelength width. 13. The information processing apparatus according to claim 11, wherein
the measuring data includes a plurality of measuring data corresponding to a plurality of electromagnetic waves having different wavelengths obtained by irradiating the measured surface with the plurality of electromagnetic waves having different wavelengths, and the generating module generates the covering material information based on the plurality of measuring data. 14. The information processing apparatus according to claim 11, wherein
the measuring data includes a plurality of measuring data corresponding to a plurality of electromagnetic waves having different wavelength bands or wavelength widths obtained by irradiating the measured surface with the plurality of electromagnetic waves having different wavelength bands or wavelength widths, and the generating module generates the covering material information based on the plurality of measuring data. 15. The information processing apparatus according to claim 13, wherein
the generating module generates a plurality of covering material information of different types corresponding to the plurality of measuring data. 16. The information processing apparatus according to claim 15, wherein
the plurality of covering material information of the different types includes a thickness, a moisture content, and a particle diameter of the covering material. 17. The information processing apparatus according to claim 11, further comprising:
a setting module that sets a property of the measuring wave based on at least one of the obtained measuring data and the generated covering material information. 18. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a control information generating module that generates control information for controlling an external apparatus based on at least one of the obtained measuring data and the generated covering material information. 19. An information processing method executable by a computer system, comprising:
obtaining measuring data about a measured surface; and generating covering material information about a covering material that covers the measured surface based on a feature of the obtained measuring data. 20. A non-transitory computer readable recording medium that stores a program executable by a computer system, the program causing the computer system to execute:
the step of obtaining measuring data about a measured surface; and the step of generating covering material information about a covering material that covers the measured surface based on a feature of the obtained measuring data. 21. (canceled) | [Solving Means] To attain the aforementioned object, according to a mode of the present invention, an information processing apparatus includes an obtaining module and a generating module. The obtaining module obtains measuring data about a measured surface. The generating module generates covering material information about a covering material that covers the measured surface based on a feature of the obtained measuring data.1. An information processing apparatus, comprising:
an obtaining module that obtains measuring data about a measured surface; and a generating module that generates covering material information about a covering material that covers the measured surface based on a feature of the obtained measuring data. 2. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the covering material information includes at least one of a type, a thickness, a density, a particle diameter, a moisture content, a temperature, a cover distribution, a friction coefficient, slipperiness index information, and an evaluation value based on a predetermined criterion of the covering material. 3. The information processing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein
the evaluation value based on the predetermined criterion includes a runway condition code defined by International Civil Aviation Organization. 4. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the generating module generates predictive information indicating a predictive condition of the measured surface based on at least one of the obtained measuring data and the generated covering material information. 5. The information processing apparatus according to claim 4, wherein
the obtaining module generates predictive measuring data about the measured surface based on a feature of the obtained measuring data, and the generating module generates the predictive information based on the generated predictive measuring data. 6. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
an output module that outputs output data including the generated covering material information. 7. The information processing apparatus according to claim 6, wherein
the output data includes at least one of text data, image data, and sound data including the covering material information. 8. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the covering material that covers the measured surface includes snow that covers a runway surface. 9. The information processing apparatus according to claim 6, wherein
the covering material that covers the measured surface includes snow that covers a runway surface, and the output module outputs the output data, the output data including at least one of a thickness, a type, a density, a particle diameter, a moisture content, a temperature, a cover distribution, a friction coefficient, and slipperiness information of the snow that covers the runway surface, a runway condition code defined by International Civil Aviation Organization, necessity/unnecessity of snow removal, and takeoff and landing availability/unavailability information. 10. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the generating module generates the covering material information based on a predetermined machine learning algorithm. 11. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the measuring data includes measuring text data or measuring image data obtained by irradiating the measured surface with a measuring wave. 12. The information processing apparatus according to claim 11, wherein
the measuring data includes measuring text data or measuring image data obtained by irradiating the measured surface with at least one of an electromagnetic wave having a predetermined wavelength, an electromagnetic wave having a predetermined wavelength band, and an electromagnetic wave having a predetermined wavelength width. 13. The information processing apparatus according to claim 11, wherein
the measuring data includes a plurality of measuring data corresponding to a plurality of electromagnetic waves having different wavelengths obtained by irradiating the measured surface with the plurality of electromagnetic waves having different wavelengths, and the generating module generates the covering material information based on the plurality of measuring data. 14. The information processing apparatus according to claim 11, wherein
the measuring data includes a plurality of measuring data corresponding to a plurality of electromagnetic waves having different wavelength bands or wavelength widths obtained by irradiating the measured surface with the plurality of electromagnetic waves having different wavelength bands or wavelength widths, and the generating module generates the covering material information based on the plurality of measuring data. 15. The information processing apparatus according to claim 13, wherein
the generating module generates a plurality of covering material information of different types corresponding to the plurality of measuring data. 16. The information processing apparatus according to claim 15, wherein
the plurality of covering material information of the different types includes a thickness, a moisture content, and a particle diameter of the covering material. 17. The information processing apparatus according to claim 11, further comprising:
a setting module that sets a property of the measuring wave based on at least one of the obtained measuring data and the generated covering material information. 18. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a control information generating module that generates control information for controlling an external apparatus based on at least one of the obtained measuring data and the generated covering material information. 19. An information processing method executable by a computer system, comprising:
obtaining measuring data about a measured surface; and generating covering material information about a covering material that covers the measured surface based on a feature of the obtained measuring data. 20. A non-transitory computer readable recording medium that stores a program executable by a computer system, the program causing the computer system to execute:
the step of obtaining measuring data about a measured surface; and the step of generating covering material information about a covering material that covers the measured surface based on a feature of the obtained measuring data. 21. (canceled) | 2,600 |
349,235 | 350,109 | 16,757,902 | 2,684 | A biological detection chip, a biological detection device, and a detection method thereof are disclosed. The biological detection chip includes a first base substrate and a plurality of detection units arranged in an array along a row direction and a column direction on the first base substrate. Each of the plurality of detection units includes a thin film transistor and an electrode, the thin film transistor is on the first base substrate and includes a gate electrode, a source electrode, and a drain electrode, and the electrode is on a side of the thin film transistor away from the first base substrate and is connected to the drain electrode, and the electrode is configured to carry a biological material to be detected. | 1. A biological detection chip, comprising:
a first base substrate; and a plurality of detection units arranged in an array along a row direction and a column direction on the first base substrate; wherein each of the plurality of detection units comprises a thin film transistor and an electrode, the thin film transistor is on the first base substrate and comprises a gate electrode, a source electrode, and a drain electrode, and the electrode is on a side of the thin film transistor away from the first base substrate and is connected to the drain electrode, and the electrode is configured to carry a biological material to be detected. 2. The biological detection chip according to claim 1, further comprising:
a plurality of gate lines; and a plurality of data lines arranged to intersect the plurality of gate lines, wherein each of the plurality of gate lines and the gate electrodes of the detection units in a same row are connected and are on a same layer, and each of the plurality of data lines and the source electrodes of the detection units in a same column are connected and are on a same layer. 3. The biological detection chip according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of detection units comprise stimulation units and receiving units, the stimulation units are configured to apply stimulation voltages, and the receiving units are configured to receive electrophysiological signals. 4. The biological detection chip according to claim 3, wherein, in the row direction, the stimulation units and the receiving units are alternately arranged, and one stimulation unit and one receiving unit, which are adjacent, are axisymmetric with respect to a separation line between the one stimulation unit and the one receiving unit, which are adjacent. 5. The biological detection chip according to claim 4, wherein, in the column direction, the stimulation units and the receiving units are alternately arranged, and two stimulation units and two receiving units constitute a detection point, and in the detection point, orthographic projections of the two stimulation units on the first base substrate and orthographic projections of the two receiving units on the first base substrate form a 2*2 matrix. 6. The biological detection chip according to claim 5, wherein an orthographic projection of the detection point on the first base substrate is substantially a rectangle, and a side length of the rectangle ranges from 4 to 6 microns. 7. A biological detection device, comprising:
the biological detection chip according to claim 1; and an opposite substrate, cell-assembled with the biological detection chip to form a culture cavity between the biological detection chip and the opposite substrate. 8. The biological detection device according to claim 7, wherein the opposite substrate comprises:
a second base substrate; a breathable film, on a side of the second base substrate away from the biological detection chip; and a cover plate, on a side of the breathable film away from the second base substrate, wherein the cover plate and the breathable film are spaced apart to form a gas channel between the cover plate and the breathable film, and the second base substrate is provided with a vent hole, and an orthographic projection of the vent hole on the second base substrate is located within an orthographic projection of the gas channel on the second base substrate. 9. The biological detection device according to claim 7, further comprising:
a plurality of support members, between the biological detection chip and the opposite substrate and surrounding the plurality of detection units, wherein the plurality of support members are spaced apart to form a liquid flow channel that is between adjacent ones of the plurality of support members and in communication with the culture cavity. 10. The biological detection device according to claim 7, further comprising:
a reagent module, which is in communication with the culture cavity through the liquid flow channel, wherein the reagent module comprises at least two reagent reservoirs and a reagent mixing region, the at least two reagent reservoirs are configured to store different types of detection reagents, and the reagent mixing region is configured to mix different types of detection reagents. 11. The biological detection device according to claim 10, wherein the reagent mixing region further comprises a fish-bone mixing structure. 12. A biological detection method of a biological detection device, wherein the biological detection device is the biological detection device according to claim 7, and the biological detection method comprises:
cultivating the biological material to be detected on the electrode on the biological detection chip, the biological material to be detected covering at least part of the detection units; cell-assembling the biological detection chip and the opposite substrate; introducing a detection reagent into the culture cavity; and using the detection units covered by the biological material to be detected to detect an influence of the detection reagent on the biological material to be detected. 13. The biological detection method according to claim 12, wherein the opposite substrate comprises: a second base substrate; a breathable film, on a side of the second base substrate away from the biological detection chip; and a cover plate, on a side of the breathable film away from the second base substrate; the cover plate and the breathable film are spaced apart to form a gas channel between the cover plate and the breathable film, and the second base substrate is provided with a vent hole, and an orthographic projection of the vent hole on the second base substrate is located within an orthographic projection of the gas channel on the second base substrate;
the biological detection method further comprises: introducing gas into the gas channel; and using the detection units covered by the biological material to be detected to detect an influence of the gas on the biological material to be detected. 14. The biological detection method according to claim 12, wherein the detection units covered by the biological material to be detected comprise a first detection point located at a stimulation position of the biological material to be detected and a second detection point located at a receiving position of the biological material to be detected, and using the detection units covered by the biological material to be detected to detect the influence of the detection reagent on the biological material to be detected comprises:
applying electrical stimulation to the stimulation position of the biological material to be detected by the first detection point; and receiving an electrophysiological signal at the receiving position of the biological material to be detected by the second detection point, wherein the first detection point comprises at least one of the detection units, and the second detection point comprises at least one of the detection units. 15. The biological detection method according to claim 13, wherein the detection units covered by the biological material to be detected comprises a first detection point located at a stimulation position of the biological material to be detected and a second detection point located at a receiving position of the biological material to be detected, and using the detection units covered by the biological material to be detected to detect the influence of the gas on the biological material to be detected comprises:
applying electrical stimulation to the stimulation position of the biological material to be detected by the first detection point; and receiving an electrophysiological signal at the receiving position of the biological material to be detected by the second detection point, wherein the first detection point comprises at least one of the detection units, and the second detection point comprises at least one of the detection units. 16. The biological detection method according to claim 14, wherein the biological material to be detected comprises at least one nerve cell, the stimulation position of the biological material to be detected comprises a dendrite of a nerve cell, and the receiving position of the biological material to be detected comprises an axon or a myelin sheath of a nerve cell at the stimulation position, or an axon or a myelin sheath of another nerve cell connected to the nerve cell at the stimulation position. 17. The biological detection method according to claim 14, further comprising:
acquiring an image of the biological material to be detected on the biological detection chip; determining, according to the image, the detection units covered by the biological material to be detected and a positional relationship between the detection units and the biological material to be detected; and determining the first detection point and the second detection point according to the positional relationship between each of the detection units and the biological material to be detected. 18. The biological detection device according to claim 8, further comprising:
a plurality of support members, between the biological detection chip and the opposite substrate and surrounding the plurality of detection units, wherein the plurality of support members are spaced apart to form a liquid flow channel that is between adjacent ones of the plurality of support members and in communication with the culture cavity. | A biological detection chip, a biological detection device, and a detection method thereof are disclosed. The biological detection chip includes a first base substrate and a plurality of detection units arranged in an array along a row direction and a column direction on the first base substrate. Each of the plurality of detection units includes a thin film transistor and an electrode, the thin film transistor is on the first base substrate and includes a gate electrode, a source electrode, and a drain electrode, and the electrode is on a side of the thin film transistor away from the first base substrate and is connected to the drain electrode, and the electrode is configured to carry a biological material to be detected.1. A biological detection chip, comprising:
a first base substrate; and a plurality of detection units arranged in an array along a row direction and a column direction on the first base substrate; wherein each of the plurality of detection units comprises a thin film transistor and an electrode, the thin film transistor is on the first base substrate and comprises a gate electrode, a source electrode, and a drain electrode, and the electrode is on a side of the thin film transistor away from the first base substrate and is connected to the drain electrode, and the electrode is configured to carry a biological material to be detected. 2. The biological detection chip according to claim 1, further comprising:
a plurality of gate lines; and a plurality of data lines arranged to intersect the plurality of gate lines, wherein each of the plurality of gate lines and the gate electrodes of the detection units in a same row are connected and are on a same layer, and each of the plurality of data lines and the source electrodes of the detection units in a same column are connected and are on a same layer. 3. The biological detection chip according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of detection units comprise stimulation units and receiving units, the stimulation units are configured to apply stimulation voltages, and the receiving units are configured to receive electrophysiological signals. 4. The biological detection chip according to claim 3, wherein, in the row direction, the stimulation units and the receiving units are alternately arranged, and one stimulation unit and one receiving unit, which are adjacent, are axisymmetric with respect to a separation line between the one stimulation unit and the one receiving unit, which are adjacent. 5. The biological detection chip according to claim 4, wherein, in the column direction, the stimulation units and the receiving units are alternately arranged, and two stimulation units and two receiving units constitute a detection point, and in the detection point, orthographic projections of the two stimulation units on the first base substrate and orthographic projections of the two receiving units on the first base substrate form a 2*2 matrix. 6. The biological detection chip according to claim 5, wherein an orthographic projection of the detection point on the first base substrate is substantially a rectangle, and a side length of the rectangle ranges from 4 to 6 microns. 7. A biological detection device, comprising:
the biological detection chip according to claim 1; and an opposite substrate, cell-assembled with the biological detection chip to form a culture cavity between the biological detection chip and the opposite substrate. 8. The biological detection device according to claim 7, wherein the opposite substrate comprises:
a second base substrate; a breathable film, on a side of the second base substrate away from the biological detection chip; and a cover plate, on a side of the breathable film away from the second base substrate, wherein the cover plate and the breathable film are spaced apart to form a gas channel between the cover plate and the breathable film, and the second base substrate is provided with a vent hole, and an orthographic projection of the vent hole on the second base substrate is located within an orthographic projection of the gas channel on the second base substrate. 9. The biological detection device according to claim 7, further comprising:
a plurality of support members, between the biological detection chip and the opposite substrate and surrounding the plurality of detection units, wherein the plurality of support members are spaced apart to form a liquid flow channel that is between adjacent ones of the plurality of support members and in communication with the culture cavity. 10. The biological detection device according to claim 7, further comprising:
a reagent module, which is in communication with the culture cavity through the liquid flow channel, wherein the reagent module comprises at least two reagent reservoirs and a reagent mixing region, the at least two reagent reservoirs are configured to store different types of detection reagents, and the reagent mixing region is configured to mix different types of detection reagents. 11. The biological detection device according to claim 10, wherein the reagent mixing region further comprises a fish-bone mixing structure. 12. A biological detection method of a biological detection device, wherein the biological detection device is the biological detection device according to claim 7, and the biological detection method comprises:
cultivating the biological material to be detected on the electrode on the biological detection chip, the biological material to be detected covering at least part of the detection units; cell-assembling the biological detection chip and the opposite substrate; introducing a detection reagent into the culture cavity; and using the detection units covered by the biological material to be detected to detect an influence of the detection reagent on the biological material to be detected. 13. The biological detection method according to claim 12, wherein the opposite substrate comprises: a second base substrate; a breathable film, on a side of the second base substrate away from the biological detection chip; and a cover plate, on a side of the breathable film away from the second base substrate; the cover plate and the breathable film are spaced apart to form a gas channel between the cover plate and the breathable film, and the second base substrate is provided with a vent hole, and an orthographic projection of the vent hole on the second base substrate is located within an orthographic projection of the gas channel on the second base substrate;
the biological detection method further comprises: introducing gas into the gas channel; and using the detection units covered by the biological material to be detected to detect an influence of the gas on the biological material to be detected. 14. The biological detection method according to claim 12, wherein the detection units covered by the biological material to be detected comprise a first detection point located at a stimulation position of the biological material to be detected and a second detection point located at a receiving position of the biological material to be detected, and using the detection units covered by the biological material to be detected to detect the influence of the detection reagent on the biological material to be detected comprises:
applying electrical stimulation to the stimulation position of the biological material to be detected by the first detection point; and receiving an electrophysiological signal at the receiving position of the biological material to be detected by the second detection point, wherein the first detection point comprises at least one of the detection units, and the second detection point comprises at least one of the detection units. 15. The biological detection method according to claim 13, wherein the detection units covered by the biological material to be detected comprises a first detection point located at a stimulation position of the biological material to be detected and a second detection point located at a receiving position of the biological material to be detected, and using the detection units covered by the biological material to be detected to detect the influence of the gas on the biological material to be detected comprises:
applying electrical stimulation to the stimulation position of the biological material to be detected by the first detection point; and receiving an electrophysiological signal at the receiving position of the biological material to be detected by the second detection point, wherein the first detection point comprises at least one of the detection units, and the second detection point comprises at least one of the detection units. 16. The biological detection method according to claim 14, wherein the biological material to be detected comprises at least one nerve cell, the stimulation position of the biological material to be detected comprises a dendrite of a nerve cell, and the receiving position of the biological material to be detected comprises an axon or a myelin sheath of a nerve cell at the stimulation position, or an axon or a myelin sheath of another nerve cell connected to the nerve cell at the stimulation position. 17. The biological detection method according to claim 14, further comprising:
acquiring an image of the biological material to be detected on the biological detection chip; determining, according to the image, the detection units covered by the biological material to be detected and a positional relationship between the detection units and the biological material to be detected; and determining the first detection point and the second detection point according to the positional relationship between each of the detection units and the biological material to be detected. 18. The biological detection device according to claim 8, further comprising:
a plurality of support members, between the biological detection chip and the opposite substrate and surrounding the plurality of detection units, wherein the plurality of support members are spaced apart to form a liquid flow channel that is between adjacent ones of the plurality of support members and in communication with the culture cavity. | 2,600 |
349,236 | 350,110 | 16,757,885 | 2,684 | A gas turbine combustor is equipped with a nozzle in which an air ejection passage extending along an axis and having an open distal end, and a fuel supply passage extending along the axis and having an open distal end are formed; swirling vanes provided around the nozzle so as to be twisted around the axis of the nozzle; an inner cylinder surrounding an outer periphery of the nozzle and the swirling vanes, and in which compressed air flows through an inside of the inner cylinder toward a downstream side; an outer cylinder which defines an inversion flow path, which inverts the compressed air on an outer periphery of the inner cylinder and introduces the compressed air to the inside of the inner cylinder, between the inner and outer cylinders; and an air introduction pipe having one end connected to a space on an upstream side of the compressed air from the inversion flow path, and the other end connected to the air ejection passage. | 1. A gas turbine combustor comprising:
a nozzle in which an air ejection passage extending along an axis and having an open distal end, and a fuel supply passage extending along the axis and having an open distal end are formed; swirling vanes provided around the nozzle so as to be twisted around the axis of the nozzle; an inner cylinder surrounding an outer periphery of the nozzle and the swirling vanes, and in which compressed air flows through an inside of the inner cylinder toward a downstream side; an outer cylinder configured to define an inversion flow path, which inverts the compressed air on an outer periphery of the inner cylinder and introduces the compressed air to the inside of the inner cylinder, between the inner and outer cylinders; an air introduction pipe having one end connected to a space on an upstream side of the compressed air from the inversion flow path, and the other end connected to the air ejection passage, and a rectifying plate provided on the upstream side of the inversion flow path to rectify the flow of the compressed air and make the compressed air to generate a pressure loss thereon, wherein the space to which one end of the air introduction pipe is on the upstream side of the rectifying plate. 2. The gas turbine combustor according to claim 1, wherein one end of the air ejection passage is open at a distal end of the nozzle. 3. (canceled) 4. The gas turbine combustor according to claim 1, further comprising a plurality of nozzles, wherein
the air introduction pipe has a main introduction pipe having one end connected to the space on the upstream side, and a manifold portion having one end connected to the main introduction pipe and the other end branching toward the plurality of nozzles. 5. A gas turbine comprising:
a compressor which is configured to compress external air to generate compressed air; the gas turbine combustor according to claim 1 which is configured to burn the compressed air and fuel to generate a combustion gas; and a turbine driven by the combustion gas. | A gas turbine combustor is equipped with a nozzle in which an air ejection passage extending along an axis and having an open distal end, and a fuel supply passage extending along the axis and having an open distal end are formed; swirling vanes provided around the nozzle so as to be twisted around the axis of the nozzle; an inner cylinder surrounding an outer periphery of the nozzle and the swirling vanes, and in which compressed air flows through an inside of the inner cylinder toward a downstream side; an outer cylinder which defines an inversion flow path, which inverts the compressed air on an outer periphery of the inner cylinder and introduces the compressed air to the inside of the inner cylinder, between the inner and outer cylinders; and an air introduction pipe having one end connected to a space on an upstream side of the compressed air from the inversion flow path, and the other end connected to the air ejection passage.1. A gas turbine combustor comprising:
a nozzle in which an air ejection passage extending along an axis and having an open distal end, and a fuel supply passage extending along the axis and having an open distal end are formed; swirling vanes provided around the nozzle so as to be twisted around the axis of the nozzle; an inner cylinder surrounding an outer periphery of the nozzle and the swirling vanes, and in which compressed air flows through an inside of the inner cylinder toward a downstream side; an outer cylinder configured to define an inversion flow path, which inverts the compressed air on an outer periphery of the inner cylinder and introduces the compressed air to the inside of the inner cylinder, between the inner and outer cylinders; an air introduction pipe having one end connected to a space on an upstream side of the compressed air from the inversion flow path, and the other end connected to the air ejection passage, and a rectifying plate provided on the upstream side of the inversion flow path to rectify the flow of the compressed air and make the compressed air to generate a pressure loss thereon, wherein the space to which one end of the air introduction pipe is on the upstream side of the rectifying plate. 2. The gas turbine combustor according to claim 1, wherein one end of the air ejection passage is open at a distal end of the nozzle. 3. (canceled) 4. The gas turbine combustor according to claim 1, further comprising a plurality of nozzles, wherein
the air introduction pipe has a main introduction pipe having one end connected to the space on the upstream side, and a manifold portion having one end connected to the main introduction pipe and the other end branching toward the plurality of nozzles. 5. A gas turbine comprising:
a compressor which is configured to compress external air to generate compressed air; the gas turbine combustor according to claim 1 which is configured to burn the compressed air and fuel to generate a combustion gas; and a turbine driven by the combustion gas. | 2,600 |
349,237 | 350,111 | 16,757,888 | 2,684 | A coextruded ribbon. The coextruded ribbon includes a first layer and an opposed second layer. The first layer includes a first side optionally having an adhesive thereon. The first layer further includes an opposed second side having a plurality of protrusions extending therefrom. The second layer includes a repellant material contacting the plurality of protrusions. | 1. A coextruded ribbon comprising first and second layers:
the first layer comprising a polymeric material and further comprising:
a first side optionally having an adhesive thereon; and
an opposed second side having a plurality of protrusions extending therefrom,
and the second layer comprising a repellant material contacting the plurality of protrusions. 2. The coextruded ribbon of claim 1, wherein the polymeric material comprises at least one of a polyester, a polyurethane, a polyethylene, a polypropylene, a mixture thereof, or a copolymer thereof. 3. The coextruded ribbon of claim 1, wherein ribbon has first and second opposed ends, and wherein the protrusions are elongated and are spaced between the first and second ends of the ribbon. 4. The coextruded ribbon of claim 1, wherein a pitch between adjacent protrusions is in a range of from 0.2 millimeter to 5 millimeters. 5. The coextruded ribbon of claim 1, wherein a height of the plurality of protrusions is independently in a range of from 0.1 millimeter to 5.0 millimeters. 6. The coextruded ribbon of claim 1, wherein a cross-sectional shape of the protrusions is independently a triangle, a square, a rectangle, a diamond, a hexagon, a trapezoid, or a semi-circle. 7. The coextruded ribbon of claim 1, wherein the repellant material comprises at least one of:
a siloxane material; or a mixture of a thermoplastic polymer and a fluoropolymer additive. 8. The coextruded ribbon of claim 7, wherein the siloxane material comprises polydimethylsiloxane. 9. A method of making a coextruded ribbon, the method comprising:
coextruding a mixture of a polymeric material and a repellant material through a die, wherein the polymeric material forms a first layer and the repellant material forms a second layer, and the die forms a plurality of protrusions on the first layer to which the second layer is attached. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the polymeric material comprises at least one of a polyester, a polyurethane, a polyethylene, a polypropylene, a mixture thereof, or a copolymer thereof. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the repellant material comprises at least one of:
a siloxane material; or a mixture of a thermoplastic polymer and a fluoropolymer additive. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the siloxane material comprises polydimethylsiloxane. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the siloxane material is a copolymer that is greater than 50 weight percent polydimethylsiloxane. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein the siloxane material is a copolymer of at least one of (a) a polyorganosiloxane and a polyolefin or (b) a polyorganosiloxane and a polycarbonate. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein the fluoropolymer additive comprises a composition according to the formula: | A coextruded ribbon. The coextruded ribbon includes a first layer and an opposed second layer. The first layer includes a first side optionally having an adhesive thereon. The first layer further includes an opposed second side having a plurality of protrusions extending therefrom. The second layer includes a repellant material contacting the plurality of protrusions.1. A coextruded ribbon comprising first and second layers:
the first layer comprising a polymeric material and further comprising:
a first side optionally having an adhesive thereon; and
an opposed second side having a plurality of protrusions extending therefrom,
and the second layer comprising a repellant material contacting the plurality of protrusions. 2. The coextruded ribbon of claim 1, wherein the polymeric material comprises at least one of a polyester, a polyurethane, a polyethylene, a polypropylene, a mixture thereof, or a copolymer thereof. 3. The coextruded ribbon of claim 1, wherein ribbon has first and second opposed ends, and wherein the protrusions are elongated and are spaced between the first and second ends of the ribbon. 4. The coextruded ribbon of claim 1, wherein a pitch between adjacent protrusions is in a range of from 0.2 millimeter to 5 millimeters. 5. The coextruded ribbon of claim 1, wherein a height of the plurality of protrusions is independently in a range of from 0.1 millimeter to 5.0 millimeters. 6. The coextruded ribbon of claim 1, wherein a cross-sectional shape of the protrusions is independently a triangle, a square, a rectangle, a diamond, a hexagon, a trapezoid, or a semi-circle. 7. The coextruded ribbon of claim 1, wherein the repellant material comprises at least one of:
a siloxane material; or a mixture of a thermoplastic polymer and a fluoropolymer additive. 8. The coextruded ribbon of claim 7, wherein the siloxane material comprises polydimethylsiloxane. 9. A method of making a coextruded ribbon, the method comprising:
coextruding a mixture of a polymeric material and a repellant material through a die, wherein the polymeric material forms a first layer and the repellant material forms a second layer, and the die forms a plurality of protrusions on the first layer to which the second layer is attached. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the polymeric material comprises at least one of a polyester, a polyurethane, a polyethylene, a polypropylene, a mixture thereof, or a copolymer thereof. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the repellant material comprises at least one of:
a siloxane material; or a mixture of a thermoplastic polymer and a fluoropolymer additive. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the siloxane material comprises polydimethylsiloxane. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the siloxane material is a copolymer that is greater than 50 weight percent polydimethylsiloxane. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein the siloxane material is a copolymer of at least one of (a) a polyorganosiloxane and a polyolefin or (b) a polyorganosiloxane and a polycarbonate. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein the fluoropolymer additive comprises a composition according to the formula: | 2,600 |
349,238 | 350,112 | 16,757,897 | 2,684 | To appropriately control CSI reporting even in a case of performing CSI reporting by employing a method different from ones for existing LTE systems, one aspect of a user terminal of the present invention includes a transmitting section that transmits channel state information, and a control section that controls transmission of the channel state information by using certain downlink control information indicating trigger and/or activation of channel state information without scheduling data. | 1. A user terminal comprising:
a transmitting section that transmits channel state information; and a control section that controls transmission of the channel state information by using certain downlink control information indicating trigger and/or activation of channel state information without scheduling data. 2. The user terminal according to claim 1, wherein
the certain downlink control information includes a bit field for identifying the certain downlink control information or downlink control information for scheduling data. 3. The user terminal according to claim 1, wherein
the certain downlink control information is different from downlink control information for scheduling data in at least one of size, search space, and aggregation level. 4. The user terminal according to claim 1, wherein
the control section determines whether to transmit the channel state information on an uplink control channel or on an uplink shared channel, based on a certain field included in the certain downlink control information. 5. The user terminal according to claim 1, wherein
an RNTI is used for the certain downlink control information, the RNTI being different from one used for downlink control information for scheduling data. 6. A radio communication method of a user terminal, the radio communication method comprising:
transmitting channel state information; and controlling transmission of the channel state information by using certain downlink control information indicating trigger and/or activation of channel state information without scheduling data. 7. The user terminal according to claim 2, wherein
the control section determines whether to transmit the channel state information on an uplink control channel or on an uplink shared channel, based on a certain field included in the certain downlink control information. 8. The user terminal according to claim 3, wherein
the control section determines whether to transmit the channel state information on an uplink control channel or on an uplink shared channel, based on a certain field included in the certain downlink control information. 9. The user terminal according to claim 2, wherein
an RNTI is used for the certain downlink control information, the RNTI being different from one used for downlink control information for scheduling data. 10. The user terminal according to claim 3, wherein
an RNTI is used for the certain downlink control information, the RNTI being different from one used for downlink control information for scheduling data. 11. The user terminal according to claim 4, wherein
an RNTI is used for the certain downlink control information, the RNTI being different from one used for downlink control information for scheduling data. | To appropriately control CSI reporting even in a case of performing CSI reporting by employing a method different from ones for existing LTE systems, one aspect of a user terminal of the present invention includes a transmitting section that transmits channel state information, and a control section that controls transmission of the channel state information by using certain downlink control information indicating trigger and/or activation of channel state information without scheduling data.1. A user terminal comprising:
a transmitting section that transmits channel state information; and a control section that controls transmission of the channel state information by using certain downlink control information indicating trigger and/or activation of channel state information without scheduling data. 2. The user terminal according to claim 1, wherein
the certain downlink control information includes a bit field for identifying the certain downlink control information or downlink control information for scheduling data. 3. The user terminal according to claim 1, wherein
the certain downlink control information is different from downlink control information for scheduling data in at least one of size, search space, and aggregation level. 4. The user terminal according to claim 1, wherein
the control section determines whether to transmit the channel state information on an uplink control channel or on an uplink shared channel, based on a certain field included in the certain downlink control information. 5. The user terminal according to claim 1, wherein
an RNTI is used for the certain downlink control information, the RNTI being different from one used for downlink control information for scheduling data. 6. A radio communication method of a user terminal, the radio communication method comprising:
transmitting channel state information; and controlling transmission of the channel state information by using certain downlink control information indicating trigger and/or activation of channel state information without scheduling data. 7. The user terminal according to claim 2, wherein
the control section determines whether to transmit the channel state information on an uplink control channel or on an uplink shared channel, based on a certain field included in the certain downlink control information. 8. The user terminal according to claim 3, wherein
the control section determines whether to transmit the channel state information on an uplink control channel or on an uplink shared channel, based on a certain field included in the certain downlink control information. 9. The user terminal according to claim 2, wherein
an RNTI is used for the certain downlink control information, the RNTI being different from one used for downlink control information for scheduling data. 10. The user terminal according to claim 3, wherein
an RNTI is used for the certain downlink control information, the RNTI being different from one used for downlink control information for scheduling data. 11. The user terminal according to claim 4, wherein
an RNTI is used for the certain downlink control information, the RNTI being different from one used for downlink control information for scheduling data. | 2,600 |
349,239 | 350,113 | 16,757,895 | 2,684 | A second main electrode of a first transistor is connected to a first main electrode of a sixth transistor, a second main electrode of the sixth transistor is connected to a first main electrode of a fifth transistor at a first node, a second main electrode of the fifth transistor is connected to a second main electrode of a second transistor, a control electrode of the fifth transistor is connected to the second main electrode of the fifth transistor, a second main electrode of a third transistor is connected to a first main electrode of a fourth transistor at a second node, and a control electrode of the fourth transistor is connected to the control electrode of the fifth transistor. A gain control amplifier controls a voltage supplied to a control electrode of the sixth transistor such that the first node and the second node are equal in voltage. | 1. A class AB amplifier comprising:
an input terminal; an output terminal; a first reference potential terminal; a second reference potential terminal; a first transistor, a second transistor, a third transistor, a fourth transistor, a fifth transistor and a sixth transistor; and a gain control amplifier having an inverted input terminal, a non-inverted input terminal and a voltage output terminal, the first transistor, the third transistor, the fourth transistor, the fifth transistor and the sixth transistor each being a first conductivity type transistor, and the second transistor being a second conductivity type transistor, a second main electrode of the first transistor and a first main electrode of the sixth transistor being connected to each other, a second main electrode of the sixth transistor and a first main electrode of the fifth transistor being connected to each other at a first node, a second main electrode of the fifth transistor and a second main electrode of the second transistor being connected to each other, and a control electrode of the fifth transistor and the second main electrode of the fifth transistor being connected to each other, a second main electrode of the third transistor and a first main electrode of the fourth transistor being connected to each other at a second node, the second node being connected to the output terminal, a control electrode of the fourth transistor and the control electrode of the fifth transistor being connected to each other, the first reference potential terminal being connected to a first main electrode of the second transistor and a second main electrode of the fourth transistor, the second reference potential terminal being connected to a first main electrode of the first transistor and a first main electrode of the third transistor, the input terminal being connected to a control electrode of the first transistor and a control electrode of the third transistor, the non-inverted input terminal of the gain control amplifier being connected to the first node, the inverted input terminal of the gain control amplifier being connected to the second node, and the voltage output terminal of the gain control amplifier being connected to a control electrode of the sixth transistor, wherein the gain control amplifier controls a voltage supplied to the control electrode of the sixth transistor such that the first node and the second node are equal in voltage. 2. The class AB amplifier according to claim 1, wherein
the first transistor, the second transistor, the third transistor, the fourth transistor, the fifth transistor and the sixth transistor are each a MOS transistor, and assuming that the first transistor, the third transistor, the fourth transistor and the fifth transistor have gate lengths L1, L3, L4 and L5, respectively, and the first transistor, the third transistor, the fourth transistor and the fifth transistor have gate widths W1, W3, W4 and W5, respectively, the following relation holds:
(W3/L3)/(W1/L1)=(W4/L4)/(W5/L5)=N (A1)
where N is an integer. 3. A class AB amplifier comprising:
an input terminal; an output terminal; a first reference potential terminal; a second reference potential terminal; a first transistor, a second transistor, a third transistor, a fourth transistor, a fifth transistor and a sixth transistor; and a gain control amplifier having an inverted input terminal, a non-inverted input terminal and a voltage output terminal, the first transistor, the third transistor, the fourth transistor, the fifth transistor and the sixth transistor each being a first conductivity type transistor, and the second transistor being a second conductivity type transistor, a second main electrode of the sixth transistor and a first main electrode of the first transistor being connected to each other, a second main electrode of the first transistor and a first main electrode of the fifth transistor being connected to each other at a first node, a second main electrode of the fifth transistor and a second main electrode of the second transistor being connected to each other, and a control electrode of the fifth transistor and the second main electrode of the fifth transistor being connected to each other, a second main electrode of the third transistor and a first main electrode of the fourth transistor being connected to each other at a second node, the second node being connected to the output terminal, a control electrode of the fourth transistor and the control electrode of the fifth transistor being connected to each other, the first reference potential terminal being connected to a first main electrode of the second transistor and a second main electrode of the fourth transistor, the second reference potential terminal being connected to a first main electrode of the sixth transistor and a first main electrode of the third transistor, the input terminal being connected to a control electrode of the first transistor and a control electrode of the third transistor, the non-inverted input terminal of the gain control amplifier being connected to the first node, the inverted input terminal of the gain control amplifier being connected to the second node, and the voltage output terminal of the gain control amplifier being connected to a control electrode of the sixth transistor, wherein the gain control amplifier controls a voltage supplied to the control electrode of the sixth transistor such that the first node and the second node are equal in voltage. 4. The class AB amplifier according to claim 3, wherein
the first transistor, the second transistor, the third transistor, the fourth transistor, the fifth transistor and the sixth transistor are each a MOS transistor, and assuming that the third transistor, the fourth transistor, the fifth transistor and the sixth transistor have gate lengths L3, L4, L5 and L6, respectively, and the third transistor, the fourth transistor, the fifth transistor and the sixth transistor have gate widths W3, W4, W5 and W6, respectively, the following relation holds:
(W3/L3)/(W6/L6)=(W4/L4)/(W5/L5)=N (A2)
where N is an integer. 5. The class AB amplifier according to claim 2 or wherein
the first main electrode of each of the first transistor, the second transistor, the third transistor, the fourth transistor, the fifth transistor and the sixth transistor is a source, and
the second main electrode of each of the first transistor, the second transistor, the third transistor, the fourth transistor, the fifth transistor and the sixth transistor is a drain. 6. The class AB amplifier according to claim 5, wherein
the first conductivity type transistor is an N type MOS transistor, and the second conductivity type transistor is a P type MOS transistor. 7. The class AB amplifier according to claim 5, wherein
the first conductivity type transistor is a P type MOS transistor, and the second conductivity type transistor is an N type MOS transistor. 8. An operational amplifier comprising:
a differential input stage to invert and amplify a difference between a first potential and a second potential, and output a control voltage; and an output stage to amplify the control voltage, the output stage being configured as the class AB amplifier according to claim 1. 9. An operational amplifier comprising:
a differential input stage having a non-inverted input terminal and an inverted input terminal, to invert and amplify a difference between a potential at the non-inverted input terminal and a potential at the inverted input terminal, and output a non-inverted intermediate voltage and an inverted intermediate voltage; a first output stage to amplify the non-inverted intermediate voltage and output an inverted output voltage; a second output stage to amplify the inverted intermediate voltage and output a non-inverted output voltage; and a common mode feedback amplifier to receive the non-inverted output voltage and the inverted output voltage, and control the differential input stage such that an intermediate voltage between the non-inverted output voltage and the inverted output voltage matches a reference voltage, and the first output stage and the second output stage each being configured as the class AB amplifier according to claim 1. 10. The operational amplifier according to claim 9, wherein
the differential input stage is a double differential amplifier having two differential pairs, each of which receives a differential input voltage. 11. The class AB amplifier according to claim 4, wherein
the first main electrode of each of the first transistor, the second transistor, the third transistor, the fourth transistor, the fifth transistor and the sixth transistor is a source, and the second main electrode of each of the first transistor, the second transistor, the third transistor, the fourth transistor, the fifth transistor and the sixth transistor is a drain. 12. The class AB amplifier according to claim 11, wherein
the first conductivity type transistor is an N type MOS transistor, and the second conductivity type transistor is a P type MOS transistor. 13. The class AB amplifier according to claim 11, wherein
the first conductivity type transistor is a P type MOS transistor, and the second conductivity type transistor is an N type MOS transistor. 14. An operational amplifier comprising:
a differential input stage to invert and amplify a difference between a first potential and a second potential, and output a control voltage; and an output stage to amplify the control voltage, the output stage being configured as the class AB amplifier according to claim 3. 15. An operational amplifier comprising:
a differential input stage having a non-inverted input terminal and an inverted input terminal, to invert and amplify a difference between a potential at the non-inverted input terminal and a potential at the inverted input terminal, and output a non-inverted intermediate voltage and an inverted intermediate voltage; a first output stage to amplify the non-inverted intermediate voltage and output an inverted output voltage; a second output stage to amplify the inverted intermediate voltage and output a non-inverted output voltage; and a common mode feedback amplifier to receive the non-inverted output voltage and the inverted output voltage, and control the differential input stage such that an intermediate voltage between the non-inverted output voltage and the inverted output voltage matches a reference voltage, and the first output stage and the second output stage each being configured as the class AB amplifier according to claim 3. 16. The operational amplifier according to claim 15, wherein
the differential input stage is a double differential amplifier having two differential pairs, each of which receives a differential input voltage. | A second main electrode of a first transistor is connected to a first main electrode of a sixth transistor, a second main electrode of the sixth transistor is connected to a first main electrode of a fifth transistor at a first node, a second main electrode of the fifth transistor is connected to a second main electrode of a second transistor, a control electrode of the fifth transistor is connected to the second main electrode of the fifth transistor, a second main electrode of a third transistor is connected to a first main electrode of a fourth transistor at a second node, and a control electrode of the fourth transistor is connected to the control electrode of the fifth transistor. A gain control amplifier controls a voltage supplied to a control electrode of the sixth transistor such that the first node and the second node are equal in voltage.1. A class AB amplifier comprising:
an input terminal; an output terminal; a first reference potential terminal; a second reference potential terminal; a first transistor, a second transistor, a third transistor, a fourth transistor, a fifth transistor and a sixth transistor; and a gain control amplifier having an inverted input terminal, a non-inverted input terminal and a voltage output terminal, the first transistor, the third transistor, the fourth transistor, the fifth transistor and the sixth transistor each being a first conductivity type transistor, and the second transistor being a second conductivity type transistor, a second main electrode of the first transistor and a first main electrode of the sixth transistor being connected to each other, a second main electrode of the sixth transistor and a first main electrode of the fifth transistor being connected to each other at a first node, a second main electrode of the fifth transistor and a second main electrode of the second transistor being connected to each other, and a control electrode of the fifth transistor and the second main electrode of the fifth transistor being connected to each other, a second main electrode of the third transistor and a first main electrode of the fourth transistor being connected to each other at a second node, the second node being connected to the output terminal, a control electrode of the fourth transistor and the control electrode of the fifth transistor being connected to each other, the first reference potential terminal being connected to a first main electrode of the second transistor and a second main electrode of the fourth transistor, the second reference potential terminal being connected to a first main electrode of the first transistor and a first main electrode of the third transistor, the input terminal being connected to a control electrode of the first transistor and a control electrode of the third transistor, the non-inverted input terminal of the gain control amplifier being connected to the first node, the inverted input terminal of the gain control amplifier being connected to the second node, and the voltage output terminal of the gain control amplifier being connected to a control electrode of the sixth transistor, wherein the gain control amplifier controls a voltage supplied to the control electrode of the sixth transistor such that the first node and the second node are equal in voltage. 2. The class AB amplifier according to claim 1, wherein
the first transistor, the second transistor, the third transistor, the fourth transistor, the fifth transistor and the sixth transistor are each a MOS transistor, and assuming that the first transistor, the third transistor, the fourth transistor and the fifth transistor have gate lengths L1, L3, L4 and L5, respectively, and the first transistor, the third transistor, the fourth transistor and the fifth transistor have gate widths W1, W3, W4 and W5, respectively, the following relation holds:
(W3/L3)/(W1/L1)=(W4/L4)/(W5/L5)=N (A1)
where N is an integer. 3. A class AB amplifier comprising:
an input terminal; an output terminal; a first reference potential terminal; a second reference potential terminal; a first transistor, a second transistor, a third transistor, a fourth transistor, a fifth transistor and a sixth transistor; and a gain control amplifier having an inverted input terminal, a non-inverted input terminal and a voltage output terminal, the first transistor, the third transistor, the fourth transistor, the fifth transistor and the sixth transistor each being a first conductivity type transistor, and the second transistor being a second conductivity type transistor, a second main electrode of the sixth transistor and a first main electrode of the first transistor being connected to each other, a second main electrode of the first transistor and a first main electrode of the fifth transistor being connected to each other at a first node, a second main electrode of the fifth transistor and a second main electrode of the second transistor being connected to each other, and a control electrode of the fifth transistor and the second main electrode of the fifth transistor being connected to each other, a second main electrode of the third transistor and a first main electrode of the fourth transistor being connected to each other at a second node, the second node being connected to the output terminal, a control electrode of the fourth transistor and the control electrode of the fifth transistor being connected to each other, the first reference potential terminal being connected to a first main electrode of the second transistor and a second main electrode of the fourth transistor, the second reference potential terminal being connected to a first main electrode of the sixth transistor and a first main electrode of the third transistor, the input terminal being connected to a control electrode of the first transistor and a control electrode of the third transistor, the non-inverted input terminal of the gain control amplifier being connected to the first node, the inverted input terminal of the gain control amplifier being connected to the second node, and the voltage output terminal of the gain control amplifier being connected to a control electrode of the sixth transistor, wherein the gain control amplifier controls a voltage supplied to the control electrode of the sixth transistor such that the first node and the second node are equal in voltage. 4. The class AB amplifier according to claim 3, wherein
the first transistor, the second transistor, the third transistor, the fourth transistor, the fifth transistor and the sixth transistor are each a MOS transistor, and assuming that the third transistor, the fourth transistor, the fifth transistor and the sixth transistor have gate lengths L3, L4, L5 and L6, respectively, and the third transistor, the fourth transistor, the fifth transistor and the sixth transistor have gate widths W3, W4, W5 and W6, respectively, the following relation holds:
(W3/L3)/(W6/L6)=(W4/L4)/(W5/L5)=N (A2)
where N is an integer. 5. The class AB amplifier according to claim 2 or wherein
the first main electrode of each of the first transistor, the second transistor, the third transistor, the fourth transistor, the fifth transistor and the sixth transistor is a source, and
the second main electrode of each of the first transistor, the second transistor, the third transistor, the fourth transistor, the fifth transistor and the sixth transistor is a drain. 6. The class AB amplifier according to claim 5, wherein
the first conductivity type transistor is an N type MOS transistor, and the second conductivity type transistor is a P type MOS transistor. 7. The class AB amplifier according to claim 5, wherein
the first conductivity type transistor is a P type MOS transistor, and the second conductivity type transistor is an N type MOS transistor. 8. An operational amplifier comprising:
a differential input stage to invert and amplify a difference between a first potential and a second potential, and output a control voltage; and an output stage to amplify the control voltage, the output stage being configured as the class AB amplifier according to claim 1. 9. An operational amplifier comprising:
a differential input stage having a non-inverted input terminal and an inverted input terminal, to invert and amplify a difference between a potential at the non-inverted input terminal and a potential at the inverted input terminal, and output a non-inverted intermediate voltage and an inverted intermediate voltage; a first output stage to amplify the non-inverted intermediate voltage and output an inverted output voltage; a second output stage to amplify the inverted intermediate voltage and output a non-inverted output voltage; and a common mode feedback amplifier to receive the non-inverted output voltage and the inverted output voltage, and control the differential input stage such that an intermediate voltage between the non-inverted output voltage and the inverted output voltage matches a reference voltage, and the first output stage and the second output stage each being configured as the class AB amplifier according to claim 1. 10. The operational amplifier according to claim 9, wherein
the differential input stage is a double differential amplifier having two differential pairs, each of which receives a differential input voltage. 11. The class AB amplifier according to claim 4, wherein
the first main electrode of each of the first transistor, the second transistor, the third transistor, the fourth transistor, the fifth transistor and the sixth transistor is a source, and the second main electrode of each of the first transistor, the second transistor, the third transistor, the fourth transistor, the fifth transistor and the sixth transistor is a drain. 12. The class AB amplifier according to claim 11, wherein
the first conductivity type transistor is an N type MOS transistor, and the second conductivity type transistor is a P type MOS transistor. 13. The class AB amplifier according to claim 11, wherein
the first conductivity type transistor is a P type MOS transistor, and the second conductivity type transistor is an N type MOS transistor. 14. An operational amplifier comprising:
a differential input stage to invert and amplify a difference between a first potential and a second potential, and output a control voltage; and an output stage to amplify the control voltage, the output stage being configured as the class AB amplifier according to claim 3. 15. An operational amplifier comprising:
a differential input stage having a non-inverted input terminal and an inverted input terminal, to invert and amplify a difference between a potential at the non-inverted input terminal and a potential at the inverted input terminal, and output a non-inverted intermediate voltage and an inverted intermediate voltage; a first output stage to amplify the non-inverted intermediate voltage and output an inverted output voltage; a second output stage to amplify the inverted intermediate voltage and output a non-inverted output voltage; and a common mode feedback amplifier to receive the non-inverted output voltage and the inverted output voltage, and control the differential input stage such that an intermediate voltage between the non-inverted output voltage and the inverted output voltage matches a reference voltage, and the first output stage and the second output stage each being configured as the class AB amplifier according to claim 3. 16. The operational amplifier according to claim 15, wherein
the differential input stage is a double differential amplifier having two differential pairs, each of which receives a differential input voltage. | 2,600 |
349,240 | 350,114 | 16,757,891 | 2,684 | Provided herein are polyethylene compositions suitable in the fabrication of PE-RT pipes for use in cold and hot water plumbing in accordance with ISO 22391-2, and processes for making the same. | 1. A PE-RT pipe made from a polyethylene composition comprising at least 50 mole percent ethylene derived units and one or more alpha-olefin co-monomer derived units, wherein the polyethylene composition has a molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn) of from about 2 to about 6, a long chain branching index g′vis of from about 0.85 to about 0.99, a density of from about 0.934 to about 0.960 g/cm3, and a shear thinning ratio of 1.0 to 100, and wherein the one or more alpha-olefin co-monomer derived units is derived from propylene, butene, 1-pentene; 1-pentene with one or more methyl, ethyl, or propyl substituents; 1-hexene; 1-hexene with one or more methyl, ethyl, or propyl substituents; 1-heptene; 1-heptene with one or more methyl, ethyl, or propyl substituents; 1-nonene; 1-nonene with one or more methyl, ethyl, or propyl substituents; ethyl, methyl, or dimethyl-substituted 1-decene; 1-dodecene; or a combination thereof. 2. The PE-RT pipe of claim 1, wherein the polyethylene composition has a tensile strength at 5% strain that satisfies the following relationship:
y>6.1395*x 0.0579+0.2, wherein y is the tensile strength (MPa) at 5% strain at 70° C. and x is the strain rate (s−1). 3. The PE-RT pipe of claim 1, wherein the PE-RT pipe has at least a 16 mm external diameter, at least a 2 mm wall thickness and has a pipe rupture (failure) time at 95° C./3.8 MPa of 500 hours or greater. 4. The PE-RT pipe of claim 1, wherein the PE-RT pipe has at least a 6 mm external diameter, at least a 2 mm wall thickness and has a pipe rupture (failure) time at 95° C./3.4 MPa of 1,000 hours or greater. 5. The PE-RT pipe of claim 1, wherein the PE-RT pipe has at least a 16 mm external diameter, at least a 2 mm wall thickness and has a pipe rupture (failure) time at 110° C./1.9 MPa of 8,760 hours or greater. 6. The PE-RT pipe of claim 1, wherein the polyethylene composition has a melt index of from about 0.1 g/10 min to about 5 g/10 min. 7. The PE-RT pipe of claim 1, wherein the polyethylene composition has a melt index ratio (I21.6/I2.16) from about 25 to about 80. 8. The PE-RT pipe of claim 1, wherein the polyethylene composition is made using one or more metallocene catalysts. 9. The PE-RT pipe of claim 1, wherein the polyethylene composition is a blend. 10. The PE-RT pipe of claim 1, wherein the polyethylene composition comprises at least one of a polymer processing aid, a thermal stabilizer, a slip agent, a nucleator, a flame retardant, an antioxidant, a filler, a colorant, or mixtures thereof. 11. The PE-RT pipe of claim 1, wherein the PE-RT pipe comprises two or more layers of extruded polyethylene composition. 12. The PE-RT pipe of claim 1, wherein the PE-RT pipe is a single layer of extruded polyethylene composition. 13. A process to produce the PE-RT pipe of claim 1. 14. An assembly comprising the PE-RT pipe of claim 1. 15. The assembly of claim 14, wherein the assembly comprises two or more PE-RT pipes of claim 1. | Provided herein are polyethylene compositions suitable in the fabrication of PE-RT pipes for use in cold and hot water plumbing in accordance with ISO 22391-2, and processes for making the same.1. A PE-RT pipe made from a polyethylene composition comprising at least 50 mole percent ethylene derived units and one or more alpha-olefin co-monomer derived units, wherein the polyethylene composition has a molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn) of from about 2 to about 6, a long chain branching index g′vis of from about 0.85 to about 0.99, a density of from about 0.934 to about 0.960 g/cm3, and a shear thinning ratio of 1.0 to 100, and wherein the one or more alpha-olefin co-monomer derived units is derived from propylene, butene, 1-pentene; 1-pentene with one or more methyl, ethyl, or propyl substituents; 1-hexene; 1-hexene with one or more methyl, ethyl, or propyl substituents; 1-heptene; 1-heptene with one or more methyl, ethyl, or propyl substituents; 1-nonene; 1-nonene with one or more methyl, ethyl, or propyl substituents; ethyl, methyl, or dimethyl-substituted 1-decene; 1-dodecene; or a combination thereof. 2. The PE-RT pipe of claim 1, wherein the polyethylene composition has a tensile strength at 5% strain that satisfies the following relationship:
y>6.1395*x 0.0579+0.2, wherein y is the tensile strength (MPa) at 5% strain at 70° C. and x is the strain rate (s−1). 3. The PE-RT pipe of claim 1, wherein the PE-RT pipe has at least a 16 mm external diameter, at least a 2 mm wall thickness and has a pipe rupture (failure) time at 95° C./3.8 MPa of 500 hours or greater. 4. The PE-RT pipe of claim 1, wherein the PE-RT pipe has at least a 6 mm external diameter, at least a 2 mm wall thickness and has a pipe rupture (failure) time at 95° C./3.4 MPa of 1,000 hours or greater. 5. The PE-RT pipe of claim 1, wherein the PE-RT pipe has at least a 16 mm external diameter, at least a 2 mm wall thickness and has a pipe rupture (failure) time at 110° C./1.9 MPa of 8,760 hours or greater. 6. The PE-RT pipe of claim 1, wherein the polyethylene composition has a melt index of from about 0.1 g/10 min to about 5 g/10 min. 7. The PE-RT pipe of claim 1, wherein the polyethylene composition has a melt index ratio (I21.6/I2.16) from about 25 to about 80. 8. The PE-RT pipe of claim 1, wherein the polyethylene composition is made using one or more metallocene catalysts. 9. The PE-RT pipe of claim 1, wherein the polyethylene composition is a blend. 10. The PE-RT pipe of claim 1, wherein the polyethylene composition comprises at least one of a polymer processing aid, a thermal stabilizer, a slip agent, a nucleator, a flame retardant, an antioxidant, a filler, a colorant, or mixtures thereof. 11. The PE-RT pipe of claim 1, wherein the PE-RT pipe comprises two or more layers of extruded polyethylene composition. 12. The PE-RT pipe of claim 1, wherein the PE-RT pipe is a single layer of extruded polyethylene composition. 13. A process to produce the PE-RT pipe of claim 1. 14. An assembly comprising the PE-RT pipe of claim 1. 15. The assembly of claim 14, wherein the assembly comprises two or more PE-RT pipes of claim 1. | 2,600 |
349,241 | 350,115 | 16,757,894 | 2,684 | In one embodiment, a method for synchronizing sensor data of an autonomous driving vehicle includes determining, by a processing device of an inertial navigation system (INS), that global navigation satellite system (GNSS) data is unavailable and identifying an alternative source of time information. The method further includes retrieving time information from the alternative source and synchronizing sensor data with the time information from the alternative source of time information. | 1. A method for operating an autonomous driving vehicle (ADV), the method comprising:
determining, by a processing device of an inertial navigation system (INS), that global navigation satellite system (GNSS) data is unavailable, wherein the INS is coupled to a plurality of sensors mounted on a plurality of locations of the ADV; identifying an alternative source of time information; retrieving time information from the alternative source of time information; synchronizing first sensor data with the time information from the alternative source of time information, wherein the first sensor data is obtained from at least one of the sensors; and transmitting the first sensor data synchronized with the time information to a host system, wherein the host system is configured to perceive a driving environment surrounding the ADV, plan a trajectory based on the driving environment, and control the ADV to navigate the driving environment based on the trajectory. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein determining that GNSS data is unavailable comprises determining that GNSS data has not been received for a threshold amount of time. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising forwarding the first sensor data and the time information from the alternative source to a localization module, wherein the localization module is to use the first sensor data and the time information to synchronize second sensor data. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the alternative source of time information comprises at least one of a real time clock (RTC) or a network time protocol (NTP). 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the first sensor data comprises data from an inertial measurement unit (IMU). 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising in response to determining that the GNSS data is available again, incrementally adjusting the time information from the alternative source to a time from the GNSS data. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining that GNSS data is available; and calibrating the time information from the alternative source using the GNSS data. 8. An inertial navigation system (INS), comprising:
a sensor interface to be coupled to a plurality of sensors mounted on a plurality of locations of an autonomous driving vehicle (ADV); a host interface to be coupled to a host system operating the ADV; and a processing device coupled to the sensor interface and the host interface, wherein the processing device is configured to:
determine that global navigation satellite system (GNSS) data is unavailable to the INS;
identify an alternative source of time information;
retrieve time information from the alternative source of time information;
synchronize first sensor data with the time information from the alternative source of time information, wherein the first sensor data is obtained from at least one of the sensors; and
transmit the first sensor data synchronized with the time information to the host system, wherein the host system is configured to perceive a driving environment surrounding the ADV, plan a trajectory based on the driving environment, and control the ADV to navigate the driving environment based on the trajectory. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein to determine that GNSS data is unavailable the processing device is to:
determine that GNSS data has not been received for a threshold amount of time. 10. The system of claim 8, wherein the processing device is further to:
forward the first sensor data and the time information for the alternative source to a localization module, wherein the localization module is to use the first sensor data and the time information to synchronize second sensor data. 11. The system of claim 8, wherein the alternative source of time information comprises at least one of a real time clock (RTC) or a network time protocol (NTP). 12. The system of claim 8, wherein the processing device is further to:
in response to determining that the GNSS data is available again, incrementally adjust the time information from the alternative source to the GNSS data time. 13. The system of claim 8, wherein the processing device is further to:
determine that GNSS data is available; and calibrate the time information from the alternative source using the GNSS data. 14. A non-transitory machine-readable medium having instructions stored therein, which when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform operations of operating an autonomous driving vehicle (ADV), the operations comprising:
determining, by a processing device of an inertial navigation system (INS), that global navigation satellite system (GNSS) data is unavailable, wherein the INS is coupled to a plurality of sensors mounted on a plurality of locations of the ADV; identifying an alternative source of time information; retrieving time information from the alternative source of time information; synchronizing first sensor data with the time information from the alternative source of time information, wherein the first sensor data is obtained from at least one of the sensors; and transmitting the first sensor data synchronized with the time information to a host system, wherein the host system is configured to perceive a driving environment surrounding the ADV, plan a trajectory based on the driving environment, and control the ADV to navigate the driving environment based on the trajectory. 15. The machine-readable medium of claim 14, wherein determining that GNSS data is unavailable comprises:
determine that GNSS data has not been received for a threshold amount of time. 16. The machine-readable medium of claim 14, wherein the operations further comprise forwarding the first sensor data and the time information for the alternative source to a localization module, wherein the localization module is to use the first sensor data and the time information to synchronize second sensor data. 17. The machine-readable medium of claim 14, wherein the alternative source of time information comprises at least one of a real time clock (RTC) or a network time protocol (NTP). 18. The machine-readable medium of claim 14, wherein the first sensor data comprises data from an inertial measurement unit (IMU). 19. The machine-readable medium of claim 14, wherein the operations further comprise in response to determining that the GNSS data is available again, incrementally adjusting the time information from the alternative source to the GNSS data time. 20. The machine-readable medium of claim 14, wherein the operations further comprise:
determine that GNSS data is available; and calibrate the time information from the alternative source using the GNSS data. | In one embodiment, a method for synchronizing sensor data of an autonomous driving vehicle includes determining, by a processing device of an inertial navigation system (INS), that global navigation satellite system (GNSS) data is unavailable and identifying an alternative source of time information. The method further includes retrieving time information from the alternative source and synchronizing sensor data with the time information from the alternative source of time information.1. A method for operating an autonomous driving vehicle (ADV), the method comprising:
determining, by a processing device of an inertial navigation system (INS), that global navigation satellite system (GNSS) data is unavailable, wherein the INS is coupled to a plurality of sensors mounted on a plurality of locations of the ADV; identifying an alternative source of time information; retrieving time information from the alternative source of time information; synchronizing first sensor data with the time information from the alternative source of time information, wherein the first sensor data is obtained from at least one of the sensors; and transmitting the first sensor data synchronized with the time information to a host system, wherein the host system is configured to perceive a driving environment surrounding the ADV, plan a trajectory based on the driving environment, and control the ADV to navigate the driving environment based on the trajectory. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein determining that GNSS data is unavailable comprises determining that GNSS data has not been received for a threshold amount of time. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising forwarding the first sensor data and the time information from the alternative source to a localization module, wherein the localization module is to use the first sensor data and the time information to synchronize second sensor data. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the alternative source of time information comprises at least one of a real time clock (RTC) or a network time protocol (NTP). 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the first sensor data comprises data from an inertial measurement unit (IMU). 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising in response to determining that the GNSS data is available again, incrementally adjusting the time information from the alternative source to a time from the GNSS data. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining that GNSS data is available; and calibrating the time information from the alternative source using the GNSS data. 8. An inertial navigation system (INS), comprising:
a sensor interface to be coupled to a plurality of sensors mounted on a plurality of locations of an autonomous driving vehicle (ADV); a host interface to be coupled to a host system operating the ADV; and a processing device coupled to the sensor interface and the host interface, wherein the processing device is configured to:
determine that global navigation satellite system (GNSS) data is unavailable to the INS;
identify an alternative source of time information;
retrieve time information from the alternative source of time information;
synchronize first sensor data with the time information from the alternative source of time information, wherein the first sensor data is obtained from at least one of the sensors; and
transmit the first sensor data synchronized with the time information to the host system, wherein the host system is configured to perceive a driving environment surrounding the ADV, plan a trajectory based on the driving environment, and control the ADV to navigate the driving environment based on the trajectory. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein to determine that GNSS data is unavailable the processing device is to:
determine that GNSS data has not been received for a threshold amount of time. 10. The system of claim 8, wherein the processing device is further to:
forward the first sensor data and the time information for the alternative source to a localization module, wherein the localization module is to use the first sensor data and the time information to synchronize second sensor data. 11. The system of claim 8, wherein the alternative source of time information comprises at least one of a real time clock (RTC) or a network time protocol (NTP). 12. The system of claim 8, wherein the processing device is further to:
in response to determining that the GNSS data is available again, incrementally adjust the time information from the alternative source to the GNSS data time. 13. The system of claim 8, wherein the processing device is further to:
determine that GNSS data is available; and calibrate the time information from the alternative source using the GNSS data. 14. A non-transitory machine-readable medium having instructions stored therein, which when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform operations of operating an autonomous driving vehicle (ADV), the operations comprising:
determining, by a processing device of an inertial navigation system (INS), that global navigation satellite system (GNSS) data is unavailable, wherein the INS is coupled to a plurality of sensors mounted on a plurality of locations of the ADV; identifying an alternative source of time information; retrieving time information from the alternative source of time information; synchronizing first sensor data with the time information from the alternative source of time information, wherein the first sensor data is obtained from at least one of the sensors; and transmitting the first sensor data synchronized with the time information to a host system, wherein the host system is configured to perceive a driving environment surrounding the ADV, plan a trajectory based on the driving environment, and control the ADV to navigate the driving environment based on the trajectory. 15. The machine-readable medium of claim 14, wherein determining that GNSS data is unavailable comprises:
determine that GNSS data has not been received for a threshold amount of time. 16. The machine-readable medium of claim 14, wherein the operations further comprise forwarding the first sensor data and the time information for the alternative source to a localization module, wherein the localization module is to use the first sensor data and the time information to synchronize second sensor data. 17. The machine-readable medium of claim 14, wherein the alternative source of time information comprises at least one of a real time clock (RTC) or a network time protocol (NTP). 18. The machine-readable medium of claim 14, wherein the first sensor data comprises data from an inertial measurement unit (IMU). 19. The machine-readable medium of claim 14, wherein the operations further comprise in response to determining that the GNSS data is available again, incrementally adjusting the time information from the alternative source to the GNSS data time. 20. The machine-readable medium of claim 14, wherein the operations further comprise:
determine that GNSS data is available; and calibrate the time information from the alternative source using the GNSS data. | 2,600 |
349,242 | 350,116 | 16,757,872 | 2,684 | A tin or tin alloy plating solution includes: (A) a soluble salt containing at least a stannous salt; (B) an acid selected from an organic acid and an inorganic acid or a salt thereof; (C) a surfactant; and (D) a leveling agent. In addition, the surfactant contains polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene alkylamine, an alkyl group of the polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene alkylamine is CaH2a+1 (where a is 12 to 18). Further, in a case where a number of a functional group of polyoxypropylene of the polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene alkylamine is set as p and a number of a functional group of polyoxyethylene of the polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene alkylamine is set as q, the sum of p and q (p+q) is 8 to 21, and a ratio of p to q (p/q) is 0.1 to 1.6. | 1. A method of forming a tin or tin alloy deposition layer comprising the step of forming a tin or tin alloy deposition layer on a substrate with vias having multiple kinds of via diameters by using a tin or tin alloy plating solution,
wherein the tin or tin alloy plaiting solution comprises:
(A) a soluble salt containing at least a stannous salt;
(B) an acid selected from an organic acid and an inorganic acid or a salt thereof;
(C) a surfactant; and
(D) a leveling agent,
wherein the surfactant contains polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene alkylamine, one alkyl group and two polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene groups are bonded to an nitrogen atom in the polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene alkylamine, an alkyl group of the polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene alkylamine is CaH2a+1 (where a is 12 to 18), in a case where a number of a functional group of polyoxypropylene of the polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene alkylamine is set as p and a number of a functional group of polyoxyethylene of the polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene alkylamine is set as q, a sum of p and q (p+q) is 8 to 21 in each of the two polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene groups, a ratio of p to q (p/q) is 0.1 to the leveling agent is made of a first leveling agent and a second leveling agent, the first leveling agent is one or more selected from a group consisting of aliphatic aldehyde, aromatic aldehyde, aliphatic ketone and aromatic ketone, and the second leveling agent is α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid or α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid amide, or a salt thereof. 2. The method of forming a tin or tin alloy plating deposition layer according to claim 1, wherein the tin or tin alloy plating solution further comprises two or more of: a surfactant other than the surfactant; an antioxidant; and an alcohol having 1 to 3 carbon atoms. 3. A method for forming a bump comprising the step of performing a reflow process on the tin or tin alloy plating deposition layer formed by the method of forming a tin or tin alloy deposition layer according to claim 1. 4. A method for producing a circuit board using the bump formed by the method according to claim 3. 5. A method for forming a bump performing a reflow process comprising the step of performing a reflow process on the tin or tin alloy plating deposition layer formed by the method of forming a tin or tin alloy deposition layer according to claim 2. 6. A method for producing a circuit board using the bump formed by the method according to claim 5. | A tin or tin alloy plating solution includes: (A) a soluble salt containing at least a stannous salt; (B) an acid selected from an organic acid and an inorganic acid or a salt thereof; (C) a surfactant; and (D) a leveling agent. In addition, the surfactant contains polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene alkylamine, an alkyl group of the polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene alkylamine is CaH2a+1 (where a is 12 to 18). Further, in a case where a number of a functional group of polyoxypropylene of the polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene alkylamine is set as p and a number of a functional group of polyoxyethylene of the polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene alkylamine is set as q, the sum of p and q (p+q) is 8 to 21, and a ratio of p to q (p/q) is 0.1 to 1.6.1. A method of forming a tin or tin alloy deposition layer comprising the step of forming a tin or tin alloy deposition layer on a substrate with vias having multiple kinds of via diameters by using a tin or tin alloy plating solution,
wherein the tin or tin alloy plaiting solution comprises:
(A) a soluble salt containing at least a stannous salt;
(B) an acid selected from an organic acid and an inorganic acid or a salt thereof;
(C) a surfactant; and
(D) a leveling agent,
wherein the surfactant contains polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene alkylamine, one alkyl group and two polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene groups are bonded to an nitrogen atom in the polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene alkylamine, an alkyl group of the polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene alkylamine is CaH2a+1 (where a is 12 to 18), in a case where a number of a functional group of polyoxypropylene of the polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene alkylamine is set as p and a number of a functional group of polyoxyethylene of the polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene alkylamine is set as q, a sum of p and q (p+q) is 8 to 21 in each of the two polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene groups, a ratio of p to q (p/q) is 0.1 to the leveling agent is made of a first leveling agent and a second leveling agent, the first leveling agent is one or more selected from a group consisting of aliphatic aldehyde, aromatic aldehyde, aliphatic ketone and aromatic ketone, and the second leveling agent is α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid or α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid amide, or a salt thereof. 2. The method of forming a tin or tin alloy plating deposition layer according to claim 1, wherein the tin or tin alloy plating solution further comprises two or more of: a surfactant other than the surfactant; an antioxidant; and an alcohol having 1 to 3 carbon atoms. 3. A method for forming a bump comprising the step of performing a reflow process on the tin or tin alloy plating deposition layer formed by the method of forming a tin or tin alloy deposition layer according to claim 1. 4. A method for producing a circuit board using the bump formed by the method according to claim 3. 5. A method for forming a bump performing a reflow process comprising the step of performing a reflow process on the tin or tin alloy plating deposition layer formed by the method of forming a tin or tin alloy deposition layer according to claim 2. 6. A method for producing a circuit board using the bump formed by the method according to claim 5. | 2,600 |
349,243 | 350,117 | 16,757,883 | 2,684 | PWM control of first and second inverters that control a double-winding type rotating electric machine is performed with mode switching between asynchronous PWM and synchronous PWM. A first-group triangular wave used for the PWM control of the first inverter is switched from the asynchronous PWM to the synchronous PWM in first timing at which carrier phases of an asynchronous PWM triangular wave and a synchronous triangular wave are matched with each other. A second-group of triangular wave used for the PWM control of the second inverter is switched from the asynchronous PWM to the synchronous PWM in second timing at which the carrier phases of the asynchronous PWM triangular wave and the synchronous triangular wave are matched with each other. | 1. A control device for a rotating electric machine including a first-group winding and a second-group winding wound around a stator with a mechanical angle difference, the control device comprising:
a voltage command operation unit to generate a first-group voltage command for a first inverter that controls a voltage applied to the first-group winding and a second-group voltage command for a second inverter that controls a voltage applied to the second-group winding; a carrier wave supply unit to generate a first carrier wave used for first pulse width modulation control in the first inverter and a second carrier wave used for second pulse width modulation control in the second inverter; and a PWM controller to generate a first-group PWM signal for controlling the first inverter by the first pulse width modulation control based on comparison between the first-group voltage command and the first carrier wave, and to generate a second-group PWM signal for controlling the second inverter by the second pulse width modulation control based on comparison between the second-group voltage command and the second carrier wave, the carrier wave supply unit including
a carrier wave controller to switch between the first and second carrier waves used for the first pulse width modulation control and the second pulse width modulation control according to selection of one of a first mode in which frequencies of the first and second carrier waves change so as to become an integral multiple of a frequency of the applied voltage and a second mode in which the frequencies of the first and second carriers are kept constant, and
when the mode switching between the first and second modes is instructed, the carrier wave controller performing the mode switching in first timing at which a carrier wave phase according to the first mode and a carrier wave phase according to the second mode are matched with each other on one carrier wave of the first and second carrier waves, and performing the mode switching in second timing at which the carrier wave phase according to the first mode and the carrier wave phase according to the second mode are matched with each other on the other carrier wave of the first and second carrier waves after the first timing. 2. The control device according to claim 1, wherein the carrier wave controller supplies the other carrier wave to the PWM controller according to one mode of the first and second modes selected before the mode switching during a mode transition period between the first timing and the second timing. 3. The control device according to claim 1, wherein the carrier wave controller supplies an interpolation carrier wave, generated from the other carrier wave according to the first mode and the other carrier wave according to the second mode, to the PWM controller as the other carrier wave during a mode transition period between the first timing and the second timing, and
the interpolation carrier wave is generated such that in the mode transition period, the carrier wave phase changes at a constant rate toward the phase of the one carrier wave after the mode switching in the second timing. 4. The control device according to claim 1, wherein the first timing is set corresponding to a peak or a valley of the one carrier wave. 5. The control device according to claim 3, wherein the first timing is set corresponding to one of a peak and a valley of the one carrier wave, and
the second timing is set corresponding to the other of the peak and the valley of the other carrier wave that arrives after the first timing. 6. A control method for a rotating electric machine including a first-group winding and a second-group winding wound around a stator with a mechanical angle difference, the control method comprising:
generating a first-group voltage command for a first inverter that controls a voltage applied to the first-group winding and a second-group voltage command for a second inverter that controls a voltage applied to the second-group winding; supplying a first carrier wave used for first pulse width modulation control in the first inverter and a second carrier wave used for second pulse width modulation control in the second inverter; and generating a first-group PWM signal for controlling the first inverter by the first pulse width modulation control based on comparison between the first-group voltage command and the first carrier wave, and generating a second-group PWM signal for controlling the second inverter by the second pulse width modulation control based on comparison between the second-group voltage command and the second carrier wave, wherein supplying the first and second carrier waves includes switching between the first and second carrier waves used for the first pulse width modulation control and the second pulse width modulation control according to selection of one of a first mode in which frequencies of the first and second carrier waves change so as to become an integral multiple of a frequency of the applied voltage and a second mode in which the frequencies of the first and second carrier waves are kept constant, and switching between the first and second carrier waves includes: when the mode switching between the first and second modes is instructed,
performing the mode switching in first timing at which a carrier wave phase according to the first mode and a carrier wave phase according to the second mode are matched with each other on one carrier wave of the first and second carrier waves; and
performing the mode switching in second timing at which the carrier wave phase according to the first mode and the carrier wave phase according to the second mode are matched with each other on the other carrier wave of the first and second carrier waves after the first timing. 7. The control method according to claim 6, wherein switching between the first and second carrier waves further includes supplying the other carrier wave used for the first or second pulse width modulation control according to one mode of the first and second modes selected before the mode switching during a mode transition period between the first timing and the second timing. 8. The control method according to claim 6, wherein switching between the first and second carrier waves, further includes supplying an interpolation carrier wave generated from the other carrier wave according to the first mode and the other carrier according to the second mode, as the other carrier wave used for the first pulse width modulation control or the second pulse width modulation control, in the mode transition period between the first timing and the second timing, and
the interpolation carrier wave is generated such that in the mode transition period, the carrier wave phase changes at a constant rate toward the phase of the one carrier wave after the mode switching in the second timing. 9. The control method according to claim 6, wherein the first timing is set corresponding to a peak or a valley of the one carrier wave. 10. The control method according to claim 8, wherein the first timing is set corresponding to one of a peak and a valley of the one carrier wave, and
the second timing is set corresponding to the other of the peak and the valley of the other carrier wave that arrives after the first timing. 11. The control device according to claim 2, wherein the first timing is set corresponding to a peak or a valley of the one carrier wave. 12. The control device according to claim 3 wherein the first timing is set corresponding to a peak or a valley of the one carrier wave. 13. The control method according to claim 7, wherein the first timing is set corresponding to a peak or a valley of the one carrier wave. 14. The control method according to claim 8, wherein the first timing is set corresponding to a peak or a valley of the one carrier wave. | PWM control of first and second inverters that control a double-winding type rotating electric machine is performed with mode switching between asynchronous PWM and synchronous PWM. A first-group triangular wave used for the PWM control of the first inverter is switched from the asynchronous PWM to the synchronous PWM in first timing at which carrier phases of an asynchronous PWM triangular wave and a synchronous triangular wave are matched with each other. A second-group of triangular wave used for the PWM control of the second inverter is switched from the asynchronous PWM to the synchronous PWM in second timing at which the carrier phases of the asynchronous PWM triangular wave and the synchronous triangular wave are matched with each other.1. A control device for a rotating electric machine including a first-group winding and a second-group winding wound around a stator with a mechanical angle difference, the control device comprising:
a voltage command operation unit to generate a first-group voltage command for a first inverter that controls a voltage applied to the first-group winding and a second-group voltage command for a second inverter that controls a voltage applied to the second-group winding; a carrier wave supply unit to generate a first carrier wave used for first pulse width modulation control in the first inverter and a second carrier wave used for second pulse width modulation control in the second inverter; and a PWM controller to generate a first-group PWM signal for controlling the first inverter by the first pulse width modulation control based on comparison between the first-group voltage command and the first carrier wave, and to generate a second-group PWM signal for controlling the second inverter by the second pulse width modulation control based on comparison between the second-group voltage command and the second carrier wave, the carrier wave supply unit including
a carrier wave controller to switch between the first and second carrier waves used for the first pulse width modulation control and the second pulse width modulation control according to selection of one of a first mode in which frequencies of the first and second carrier waves change so as to become an integral multiple of a frequency of the applied voltage and a second mode in which the frequencies of the first and second carriers are kept constant, and
when the mode switching between the first and second modes is instructed, the carrier wave controller performing the mode switching in first timing at which a carrier wave phase according to the first mode and a carrier wave phase according to the second mode are matched with each other on one carrier wave of the first and second carrier waves, and performing the mode switching in second timing at which the carrier wave phase according to the first mode and the carrier wave phase according to the second mode are matched with each other on the other carrier wave of the first and second carrier waves after the first timing. 2. The control device according to claim 1, wherein the carrier wave controller supplies the other carrier wave to the PWM controller according to one mode of the first and second modes selected before the mode switching during a mode transition period between the first timing and the second timing. 3. The control device according to claim 1, wherein the carrier wave controller supplies an interpolation carrier wave, generated from the other carrier wave according to the first mode and the other carrier wave according to the second mode, to the PWM controller as the other carrier wave during a mode transition period between the first timing and the second timing, and
the interpolation carrier wave is generated such that in the mode transition period, the carrier wave phase changes at a constant rate toward the phase of the one carrier wave after the mode switching in the second timing. 4. The control device according to claim 1, wherein the first timing is set corresponding to a peak or a valley of the one carrier wave. 5. The control device according to claim 3, wherein the first timing is set corresponding to one of a peak and a valley of the one carrier wave, and
the second timing is set corresponding to the other of the peak and the valley of the other carrier wave that arrives after the first timing. 6. A control method for a rotating electric machine including a first-group winding and a second-group winding wound around a stator with a mechanical angle difference, the control method comprising:
generating a first-group voltage command for a first inverter that controls a voltage applied to the first-group winding and a second-group voltage command for a second inverter that controls a voltage applied to the second-group winding; supplying a first carrier wave used for first pulse width modulation control in the first inverter and a second carrier wave used for second pulse width modulation control in the second inverter; and generating a first-group PWM signal for controlling the first inverter by the first pulse width modulation control based on comparison between the first-group voltage command and the first carrier wave, and generating a second-group PWM signal for controlling the second inverter by the second pulse width modulation control based on comparison between the second-group voltage command and the second carrier wave, wherein supplying the first and second carrier waves includes switching between the first and second carrier waves used for the first pulse width modulation control and the second pulse width modulation control according to selection of one of a first mode in which frequencies of the first and second carrier waves change so as to become an integral multiple of a frequency of the applied voltage and a second mode in which the frequencies of the first and second carrier waves are kept constant, and switching between the first and second carrier waves includes: when the mode switching between the first and second modes is instructed,
performing the mode switching in first timing at which a carrier wave phase according to the first mode and a carrier wave phase according to the second mode are matched with each other on one carrier wave of the first and second carrier waves; and
performing the mode switching in second timing at which the carrier wave phase according to the first mode and the carrier wave phase according to the second mode are matched with each other on the other carrier wave of the first and second carrier waves after the first timing. 7. The control method according to claim 6, wherein switching between the first and second carrier waves further includes supplying the other carrier wave used for the first or second pulse width modulation control according to one mode of the first and second modes selected before the mode switching during a mode transition period between the first timing and the second timing. 8. The control method according to claim 6, wherein switching between the first and second carrier waves, further includes supplying an interpolation carrier wave generated from the other carrier wave according to the first mode and the other carrier according to the second mode, as the other carrier wave used for the first pulse width modulation control or the second pulse width modulation control, in the mode transition period between the first timing and the second timing, and
the interpolation carrier wave is generated such that in the mode transition period, the carrier wave phase changes at a constant rate toward the phase of the one carrier wave after the mode switching in the second timing. 9. The control method according to claim 6, wherein the first timing is set corresponding to a peak or a valley of the one carrier wave. 10. The control method according to claim 8, wherein the first timing is set corresponding to one of a peak and a valley of the one carrier wave, and
the second timing is set corresponding to the other of the peak and the valley of the other carrier wave that arrives after the first timing. 11. The control device according to claim 2, wherein the first timing is set corresponding to a peak or a valley of the one carrier wave. 12. The control device according to claim 3 wherein the first timing is set corresponding to a peak or a valley of the one carrier wave. 13. The control method according to claim 7, wherein the first timing is set corresponding to a peak or a valley of the one carrier wave. 14. The control method according to claim 8, wherein the first timing is set corresponding to a peak or a valley of the one carrier wave. | 2,600 |
349,244 | 350,118 | 16,757,884 | 2,684 | An electronic cigarette includes a housing with an aperture leading to a receiving chamber within the housing wherein the receiving chamber is configured to receive and accommodate a capsule; a piercing member configured to pierce the capsule within the receiving chamber; and a slidable cover configured to be moved between an open position in which a capsule can be introduced through the aperture and a closed position in which the slidable cover covers the aperture; wherein the piercing member and the slidable cover are coupled and configured to be moved in unison. | 1. An electronic cigarette comprising:
a housing having an aperture leading to a receiving chamber within the housing, wherein the receiving chamber is configured to receive and accommodate a capsule; a piercing member configured to pierce the capsule within the receiving chamber; and a slidable cover configured to be moved between an open position in which a capsule can be introduced through the aperture and a closed position in which the slidable cover covers the aperture; wherein the piercing member and the slidable cover are coupled and configured to be moved in unison. 2. The electronic cigarette of claim 1, wherein the piercing member is movable between an extended position and a retracted position, and wherein the piercing member extends into the receiving chamber in the extended position when the slidable cover is in the closed position and wherein the piercing member is retracted from the receiving chamber in the retracted position when the slidable cover is in the open position. 3. The electronic cigarette according to claim 1, wherein the piercing member is moveable in an axial direction of the electronic cigarette. 4. The electronic cigarette according to claim 3, wherein the slidable cover is moveable in the axial direction of the electronic cigarette. 5. The electronic cigarette according to claim 3, wherein the slidable cover is rotatable around the axial direction of the electronic cigarette, whereby the slidable cover can be moved between the opened position and the closed position depending on an angular position of the slidable cover in relation to a center axis of the electronic cigarette. 6. The electronic cigarette of claim 2, wherein the piercing member is provided with at least one inlet opening configured to receive liquid from the capsule when the at least one inlet opening is located inside the capsule. 7. The electronic cigarette of claim 6, wherein the piercing member further comprises a delivery structure configured to conduct the liquid stored in the capsule from the at least one inlet opening of the piercing member towards a vaporizer structure of the electronic cigarette. 8. The electronic cigarette of claim 7, further comprising a liquid intermediate storage portion, wherein the piercing member comprises a tip with at least one outlet opening connected to the delivery structure; and
wherein the piercing member is configured such that the at least one outlet opening is fluidically connected to the liquid intermediate storage portion when the piercing member is in the extended position. 9. The electronic cigarette of claim 8,
wherein the liquid intermediate storage portion is connected to a wick extending to, or through, a heater structure of the electronic cigarette for transporting the liquid from the liquid intermediate storage portion to the heater structure. 10. The electronic cigarette of claim 2, wherein the piercing member is provided with a catch configured to engage with the capsule such that, when the piercing member is being retracted from the extended position towards the retracted position, the capsule is pulled from a capsule seating within the receiving chamber 11. The electronic cigarette of claim 1, further comprising a biasing structure that is arranged and configured to bias the slidable cover into the closed position. 12. The electronic cigarette of claim 1, wherein the housing is provided with an abutment limiting the movement of the slidable cover. 13. The electronic cigarette of claim 1, further comprising a controlling circuit configured to activate or deactivate the electronic cigarette based on a position of the slidable cover. 14. The electronic cigarette of claim 1, wherein the aperture is formed in a lateral side of the housing. 15. The electronic cigarette of claim 1, further comprising a mouthpiece, wherein the slidable cover is slidable with respect to the mouthpiece. 16. The electronic cigarette of claim 6, wherein the piercing member further comprises a conduit configured to conduct the liquid stored in the capsule from the at least one inlet opening of the piercing member towards a vaporizer structure of the electronic cigarette. 17. The electronic cigarette of claim 16, further comprising a pad of a fibrous or porous material, wherein the piercing member comprises a tip with at least one outlet opening connected to the delivery structure; and
wherein the piercing member is configured such that the at least one outlet opening is fluidically connected to the liquid intermediate storage portion when the piercing member is in the extended position. 18. The electronic cigarette of claim 17, wherein the fibrous or porous material includes cotton, silica, ceramics, or silicon. 19. The electronic cigarette of claim 1, further comprising a spring that is arranged and configured to bias the slidable cover into the closed position. | An electronic cigarette includes a housing with an aperture leading to a receiving chamber within the housing wherein the receiving chamber is configured to receive and accommodate a capsule; a piercing member configured to pierce the capsule within the receiving chamber; and a slidable cover configured to be moved between an open position in which a capsule can be introduced through the aperture and a closed position in which the slidable cover covers the aperture; wherein the piercing member and the slidable cover are coupled and configured to be moved in unison.1. An electronic cigarette comprising:
a housing having an aperture leading to a receiving chamber within the housing, wherein the receiving chamber is configured to receive and accommodate a capsule; a piercing member configured to pierce the capsule within the receiving chamber; and a slidable cover configured to be moved between an open position in which a capsule can be introduced through the aperture and a closed position in which the slidable cover covers the aperture; wherein the piercing member and the slidable cover are coupled and configured to be moved in unison. 2. The electronic cigarette of claim 1, wherein the piercing member is movable between an extended position and a retracted position, and wherein the piercing member extends into the receiving chamber in the extended position when the slidable cover is in the closed position and wherein the piercing member is retracted from the receiving chamber in the retracted position when the slidable cover is in the open position. 3. The electronic cigarette according to claim 1, wherein the piercing member is moveable in an axial direction of the electronic cigarette. 4. The electronic cigarette according to claim 3, wherein the slidable cover is moveable in the axial direction of the electronic cigarette. 5. The electronic cigarette according to claim 3, wherein the slidable cover is rotatable around the axial direction of the electronic cigarette, whereby the slidable cover can be moved between the opened position and the closed position depending on an angular position of the slidable cover in relation to a center axis of the electronic cigarette. 6. The electronic cigarette of claim 2, wherein the piercing member is provided with at least one inlet opening configured to receive liquid from the capsule when the at least one inlet opening is located inside the capsule. 7. The electronic cigarette of claim 6, wherein the piercing member further comprises a delivery structure configured to conduct the liquid stored in the capsule from the at least one inlet opening of the piercing member towards a vaporizer structure of the electronic cigarette. 8. The electronic cigarette of claim 7, further comprising a liquid intermediate storage portion, wherein the piercing member comprises a tip with at least one outlet opening connected to the delivery structure; and
wherein the piercing member is configured such that the at least one outlet opening is fluidically connected to the liquid intermediate storage portion when the piercing member is in the extended position. 9. The electronic cigarette of claim 8,
wherein the liquid intermediate storage portion is connected to a wick extending to, or through, a heater structure of the electronic cigarette for transporting the liquid from the liquid intermediate storage portion to the heater structure. 10. The electronic cigarette of claim 2, wherein the piercing member is provided with a catch configured to engage with the capsule such that, when the piercing member is being retracted from the extended position towards the retracted position, the capsule is pulled from a capsule seating within the receiving chamber 11. The electronic cigarette of claim 1, further comprising a biasing structure that is arranged and configured to bias the slidable cover into the closed position. 12. The electronic cigarette of claim 1, wherein the housing is provided with an abutment limiting the movement of the slidable cover. 13. The electronic cigarette of claim 1, further comprising a controlling circuit configured to activate or deactivate the electronic cigarette based on a position of the slidable cover. 14. The electronic cigarette of claim 1, wherein the aperture is formed in a lateral side of the housing. 15. The electronic cigarette of claim 1, further comprising a mouthpiece, wherein the slidable cover is slidable with respect to the mouthpiece. 16. The electronic cigarette of claim 6, wherein the piercing member further comprises a conduit configured to conduct the liquid stored in the capsule from the at least one inlet opening of the piercing member towards a vaporizer structure of the electronic cigarette. 17. The electronic cigarette of claim 16, further comprising a pad of a fibrous or porous material, wherein the piercing member comprises a tip with at least one outlet opening connected to the delivery structure; and
wherein the piercing member is configured such that the at least one outlet opening is fluidically connected to the liquid intermediate storage portion when the piercing member is in the extended position. 18. The electronic cigarette of claim 17, wherein the fibrous or porous material includes cotton, silica, ceramics, or silicon. 19. The electronic cigarette of claim 1, further comprising a spring that is arranged and configured to bias the slidable cover into the closed position. | 2,600 |
349,245 | 350,119 | 16,757,886 | 2,684 | An electrode for a secondary battery that includes a collector and an active material layer formed on the collector. The active material layer is configured of a plurality of layers including at least a first layer formed on the collector, and a second layer formed on the first layer. An end portion of the collector at an edge portion of the electrode is widened in an electrode thickness direction with respect to a plate thickness of the collector. | 1. An electrode for a secondary battery, comprising:
a collector, and an active material layer formed on the collector, wherein the active material layer is configured of a plurality of layers including at least a first layer formed on the collector, and a second layer formed on the first layer, and an end portion of the collector at an edge portion of the electrode is widened in an electrode thickness direction with respect to a plate thickness of the collector. 2. The electrode for a secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein at the edge portion of the electrode, a widened portion at the end portion of the collector covers an end portion of the first layer of the active material layer and covers at least a portion of an end portion of the second layer. 3. The electrode for a secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the first layer and the second layer of the active material layer include voids, and a collector material penetrates in the voids in the widened portion at the end portion of the collector. 4. The electrode for a secondary battery according to claim 3, wherein the first layer and the second layer of the active material layer include the voids, and a portion of the collector material incited when the widened portion at the end portion of the collector is formed penetrates in the voids. 5. The electrode for a secondary battery according to claim 4, wherein a void ratio of the second layer is higher than that of the first layer, and an amount of the collector material, which has been melted when the widened portion at the end portion of the collector was formed, penetrating in the voids of the second layer than that of the first layer. 6. The electrode for a secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein in the active material layer, density of the first layer is higher than density of the second layer. 7. The electrode for a secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein an edge of a widened portion at the end portion of the collector is formed in a wavelike shape. 8. The electrode for a secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein a melted and solidified portion that is a melted and solidified active material is formed at the edge portion of the electrode and, in a direction perpendicular to the electrode thickness direction, an end. surface of a widened portion at the end portion of the collector is positioned on an inner side with respect to the melted and solidified portion. 9. A secondary battery that uses the electrode according to claim 1. | An electrode for a secondary battery that includes a collector and an active material layer formed on the collector. The active material layer is configured of a plurality of layers including at least a first layer formed on the collector, and a second layer formed on the first layer. An end portion of the collector at an edge portion of the electrode is widened in an electrode thickness direction with respect to a plate thickness of the collector.1. An electrode for a secondary battery, comprising:
a collector, and an active material layer formed on the collector, wherein the active material layer is configured of a plurality of layers including at least a first layer formed on the collector, and a second layer formed on the first layer, and an end portion of the collector at an edge portion of the electrode is widened in an electrode thickness direction with respect to a plate thickness of the collector. 2. The electrode for a secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein at the edge portion of the electrode, a widened portion at the end portion of the collector covers an end portion of the first layer of the active material layer and covers at least a portion of an end portion of the second layer. 3. The electrode for a secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the first layer and the second layer of the active material layer include voids, and a collector material penetrates in the voids in the widened portion at the end portion of the collector. 4. The electrode for a secondary battery according to claim 3, wherein the first layer and the second layer of the active material layer include the voids, and a portion of the collector material incited when the widened portion at the end portion of the collector is formed penetrates in the voids. 5. The electrode for a secondary battery according to claim 4, wherein a void ratio of the second layer is higher than that of the first layer, and an amount of the collector material, which has been melted when the widened portion at the end portion of the collector was formed, penetrating in the voids of the second layer than that of the first layer. 6. The electrode for a secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein in the active material layer, density of the first layer is higher than density of the second layer. 7. The electrode for a secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein an edge of a widened portion at the end portion of the collector is formed in a wavelike shape. 8. The electrode for a secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein a melted and solidified portion that is a melted and solidified active material is formed at the edge portion of the electrode and, in a direction perpendicular to the electrode thickness direction, an end. surface of a widened portion at the end portion of the collector is positioned on an inner side with respect to the melted and solidified portion. 9. A secondary battery that uses the electrode according to claim 1. | 2,600 |
349,246 | 350,120 | 16,757,882 | 2,684 | According to an embodiment, a method for manufacturing an organic electronic device includes: a step of forming an organic functional layer 16 on a first electrode layer 14 provided for each of device formation regions DA set in a flexible substrate 10 in a first direction; a step of forming a second electrode layer 20 on the flexible substrate, on which the organic functional layer is formed, over the plurality of device formation regions in the first direction in such a way as to cover each organic functional layer; a step of forming a hole 22 by removing, in a second direction crossing the first direction, the second electrode layer provided between a boundary of the device formation region and a function exhibiting design region A1 in the organic functional layer in the first direction or on the second electrode layer on the boundary out of the second electrode layers; and a step of providing a sealing member 26 sealing the function exhibiting design region on the organic functional layer in such a way as to cover a surface of the hole on a side of the function exhibiting design region. | 1. A method for manufacturing an organic electronic device, comprising:
an organic functional layer forming step of forming organic functional layer on a first electrode layer provided in a first direction for each of a plurality of device formation regions set in a flexible substrate; a second electrode layer forming step of forming a second electrode layer on the flexible substrate, on which the organic functional layer is formed, over the plurality of device formation regions in the first direction in such a way as to cover at least a part of each organic functional layer; a hole forming step of forming a hole by removing, in a second direction crossing the first direction, the second electrode layer provided between a boundary of the device formation region and a function exhibiting design region in the organic functional layer in the first direction or on the boundary; and a sealing step of providing a sealing member sealing the organic functional layer on the second electrode layer in such a way as to cover a surface of the hole on a side of the function exhibiting design region. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein
the flexible substrate is long, the first direction is a longitudinal direction of the flexible substrate, and the second electrode layer forming step is performed while conveying the flexible substrate in the first direction. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the second electrode layer forming step and the hole forming step are performed by a roll-to-roll method. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein, in the hole forming step, the hole is formed by irradiating the second electrode layer with a laser beam and removing the second electrode layer. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein, in the sealing step, the sealing member is provided on the second electrode layer such that a part of the sealing member is filled in the hole. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein
the second electrode layer forming step includes: a step of forming a first layer containing at least one of an alkali metal, an alkali earth metal, an alkali metal compound, and an alkali earth metal compound; and a step of forming a second layer containing an amphoteric metal on the first layer. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein, in the hole forming step, the hole is formed outwards from the organic functional layer in the first direction. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein, in the hole forming step, the hole is formed in such a way as to be located on the organic functional layer, and located outwards from the function exhibiting design region in the first direction. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the hole is formed in such a way as to extend to an inside of the organic functional layer. 10. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
a dicing step of individually dicing the flexible substrate obtained through the sealing step for each of the device formation regions. 11. An organic electronic device comprising:
a flexible substrate including a first end and a second end located on a side opposite to the first end in a first direction; a first electrode layer provided on the flexible substrate; an organic functional layer provided on the first electrode layer; a second electrode layer provided from the first end to the second end and covering at least a part of the organic functional layer; and a sealing member provided on the second electrode layer and sealing the organic functional layer, wherein at least a part of the second electrode layer on the organic functional layer is a second electrode function portion, a hole is formed in the second electrode layer at an outside of the second electrode function portion and both sides of the second electrode function portion in the first direction, the hole extending into the second electrode layer in a second direction crossing the first direction, and the sealing member is provided on the second electrode layer such that a part of the first electrode layer is exposed from an end of the sealing member in the second direction, and covers a surface of the hole on a side of the second electrode function portion. 12. The organic electronic device according to claim 11, wherein the hole is formed outwards from the organic functional layer in the first direction. 13. The organic electronic device according to claim 11, wherein the hole extends into the organic functional layer. 14. The organic electronic device according to claim 11, wherein a part of the sealing member is filled in the hole. | According to an embodiment, a method for manufacturing an organic electronic device includes: a step of forming an organic functional layer 16 on a first electrode layer 14 provided for each of device formation regions DA set in a flexible substrate 10 in a first direction; a step of forming a second electrode layer 20 on the flexible substrate, on which the organic functional layer is formed, over the plurality of device formation regions in the first direction in such a way as to cover each organic functional layer; a step of forming a hole 22 by removing, in a second direction crossing the first direction, the second electrode layer provided between a boundary of the device formation region and a function exhibiting design region A1 in the organic functional layer in the first direction or on the second electrode layer on the boundary out of the second electrode layers; and a step of providing a sealing member 26 sealing the function exhibiting design region on the organic functional layer in such a way as to cover a surface of the hole on a side of the function exhibiting design region.1. A method for manufacturing an organic electronic device, comprising:
an organic functional layer forming step of forming organic functional layer on a first electrode layer provided in a first direction for each of a plurality of device formation regions set in a flexible substrate; a second electrode layer forming step of forming a second electrode layer on the flexible substrate, on which the organic functional layer is formed, over the plurality of device formation regions in the first direction in such a way as to cover at least a part of each organic functional layer; a hole forming step of forming a hole by removing, in a second direction crossing the first direction, the second electrode layer provided between a boundary of the device formation region and a function exhibiting design region in the organic functional layer in the first direction or on the boundary; and a sealing step of providing a sealing member sealing the organic functional layer on the second electrode layer in such a way as to cover a surface of the hole on a side of the function exhibiting design region. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein
the flexible substrate is long, the first direction is a longitudinal direction of the flexible substrate, and the second electrode layer forming step is performed while conveying the flexible substrate in the first direction. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the second electrode layer forming step and the hole forming step are performed by a roll-to-roll method. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein, in the hole forming step, the hole is formed by irradiating the second electrode layer with a laser beam and removing the second electrode layer. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein, in the sealing step, the sealing member is provided on the second electrode layer such that a part of the sealing member is filled in the hole. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein
the second electrode layer forming step includes: a step of forming a first layer containing at least one of an alkali metal, an alkali earth metal, an alkali metal compound, and an alkali earth metal compound; and a step of forming a second layer containing an amphoteric metal on the first layer. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein, in the hole forming step, the hole is formed outwards from the organic functional layer in the first direction. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein, in the hole forming step, the hole is formed in such a way as to be located on the organic functional layer, and located outwards from the function exhibiting design region in the first direction. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the hole is formed in such a way as to extend to an inside of the organic functional layer. 10. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
a dicing step of individually dicing the flexible substrate obtained through the sealing step for each of the device formation regions. 11. An organic electronic device comprising:
a flexible substrate including a first end and a second end located on a side opposite to the first end in a first direction; a first electrode layer provided on the flexible substrate; an organic functional layer provided on the first electrode layer; a second electrode layer provided from the first end to the second end and covering at least a part of the organic functional layer; and a sealing member provided on the second electrode layer and sealing the organic functional layer, wherein at least a part of the second electrode layer on the organic functional layer is a second electrode function portion, a hole is formed in the second electrode layer at an outside of the second electrode function portion and both sides of the second electrode function portion in the first direction, the hole extending into the second electrode layer in a second direction crossing the first direction, and the sealing member is provided on the second electrode layer such that a part of the first electrode layer is exposed from an end of the sealing member in the second direction, and covers a surface of the hole on a side of the second electrode function portion. 12. The organic electronic device according to claim 11, wherein the hole is formed outwards from the organic functional layer in the first direction. 13. The organic electronic device according to claim 11, wherein the hole extends into the organic functional layer. 14. The organic electronic device according to claim 11, wherein a part of the sealing member is filled in the hole. | 2,600 |
349,247 | 350,121 | 16,757,876 | 2,684 | An inflatable motor boat refers to water vehicles, in particular, to inflatable boats with outboard engines operating in low water conditions. The problem to which the invention is directed, is to improve the performance parameters of inflatable motor boats, The technical result of the claimed invention is the possibility of high-performance boating in low and extreme low depth conditions at different speeds due to the presence of the inclined longitudinal tunnel, with some configuring details in different versions, which allows to improve the water supply to the propellers of outboard engines or, in the case of water jet engines, to their water jet inlets, to optimize their location and eliminate the risk of damage thereof. The claimed technical result is achieved by the fact that the invention is an inflatable motor boat with a U-shaped hull in plan view. The hull of the inflatable motor boat is formed by open outline of inflatable boards and bow part. An inflatable bottom is attached to the hull, which bottom is divided into at least three longitudinal segments. A longitudinal tunnel is made in the middle segment of the bottom, the inner surface of which tunnel has essentially arc-shaped form. The tunnel comprises a portion having a wedge-shaped form in a vertical section, wherein the angle of inclination of the portion relative to the water surface plane is from 5° to 45°. The tunnel can also comprise an additional portion with an angle of inclination from 0° to 20° relative to the water surface plane, wherein the length of the additional portion is less than the length of the wedge-shaped portion. | 1. An inflatable motor boat comprising:
a U-shaped hull in plan view, which is formed by open outline of inflatable boards and bow part, an inflatable bottom attached to the hull, which bottom is divided into at least three longitudinal segments, wherein a longitudinal tunnel is made in the middle segment of the bottom, while the inner surface of the tunnel has essentially arc-shaped form, wherein the tunnel comprises a portion having a wedge-shaped form in a vertical section with an angle of inclination relative to the water surface plane from 5° to 45°. 2. The inflatable motor boat according to claim 1, wherein the tunnel comprises an additional portion with an angle of inclination from 0° to 20°, wherein the length of the additional portion is less than the length of the wedge-shaped portion. 3. The inflatable motor boat according to claim 1, wherein the width of the tunnel at the line of the conjugation with the stem face of the inflatable bottom is from 20 to 60 cm. 4. The inflatable motor boat according to claim 1, wherein the tunnel length is from 5 to 50% of the overall length of the boat. 5. The inflatable motor boat according to claim 1, wherein the angle of inclination of the tangent to the side wall of the tunnel is not more than 45° from the vertical line. 6. An inflatable motor boat comprising:
a U-shaped hull in plan view, which is formed by open outline of inflatable boards and bow part, an inflatable bottom attached to the hull, which bottom is divided into at least three longitudinal segments, wherein a longitudinal tunnel is made in the middle segment of the bottom, which tunnel comprises a portion having a wedge-shaped form in a vertical section, wherein the stern face of the bottom, conjugated with the tunnel, is made inclined and forms an angle of less than 90° relative to the water surface plane. 7. The inflatable motor boat according to claim 6, wherein the lower corners of the stern face are rounded. 8. The inflatable motor boat according to claim 6, wherein the depth of the tunnel at the line of the conjugation with the stem face of the inflatable bottom is from 2 to 25 cm. 9. The inflatable motor boat according to claim 6, wherein the width of the tunnel at the line of the conjugation with the stem face of the inflatable bottom is from 20 to 60 cm. 10. The inflatable motor boat according to claim 6, wherein the angle of inclination of the wedge-shaped portion of the tunnel relative to the water surface plane is from 5° to 45°. 11. An inflatable motor boat comprising:
a U-shaped hull in plan view, which is formed by open outline of inflatable boards and bow part, an inflatable bottom attached to the hull, which bottom is divided into at least three longitudinal segments, wherein a longitudinal tunnel is made in the middle segment of the bottom, wherein at least two water channels of variable depth are made in the inflatable bottom as a continuation of the longitudinal tunnel. 12. The inflatable motor boat according to claim 11, wherein the water channels are made as a continuation of the joint lines formed between adjacent segments of the inflatable bottom. 13. The inflatable motor boat according to claim 11, wherein the water channel has a sinusoidal shape in a longitudinal section. 14. The inflatable motor boat according to claim 11, wherein the total length of the tunnel and the water channel connected thereto is from 20 to 380 cm. 15. The inflatable motor boat according to claim 11, wherein the stern face of the bottom, conjugated with a longitudinal tunnel, is made inclined, with an angle of less than 90° relative to the water surface plane, 16. The inflatable motor boat according to claim 11, wherein the longitudinal tunnel comprises a portion having a wedge-shaped form in a vertical section. 17. The inflatable motor boat according to claim 16, wherein the angle of inclination of the tunnel relative to the water surface plane is from 5° to 45°. 18. The inflatable motor boat according to claim 11, wherein the depth of the tunnel at the line of the conjugation with the stern face of the inflatable bottom is from 2 to 25 cm. 19. The inflatable motor boat according to claim 11, wherein the width of the tunnel at the line of the conjugation with the stern face of the inflatable bottom is from 20 to 60 cm. | An inflatable motor boat refers to water vehicles, in particular, to inflatable boats with outboard engines operating in low water conditions. The problem to which the invention is directed, is to improve the performance parameters of inflatable motor boats, The technical result of the claimed invention is the possibility of high-performance boating in low and extreme low depth conditions at different speeds due to the presence of the inclined longitudinal tunnel, with some configuring details in different versions, which allows to improve the water supply to the propellers of outboard engines or, in the case of water jet engines, to their water jet inlets, to optimize their location and eliminate the risk of damage thereof. The claimed technical result is achieved by the fact that the invention is an inflatable motor boat with a U-shaped hull in plan view. The hull of the inflatable motor boat is formed by open outline of inflatable boards and bow part. An inflatable bottom is attached to the hull, which bottom is divided into at least three longitudinal segments. A longitudinal tunnel is made in the middle segment of the bottom, the inner surface of which tunnel has essentially arc-shaped form. The tunnel comprises a portion having a wedge-shaped form in a vertical section, wherein the angle of inclination of the portion relative to the water surface plane is from 5° to 45°. The tunnel can also comprise an additional portion with an angle of inclination from 0° to 20° relative to the water surface plane, wherein the length of the additional portion is less than the length of the wedge-shaped portion.1. An inflatable motor boat comprising:
a U-shaped hull in plan view, which is formed by open outline of inflatable boards and bow part, an inflatable bottom attached to the hull, which bottom is divided into at least three longitudinal segments, wherein a longitudinal tunnel is made in the middle segment of the bottom, while the inner surface of the tunnel has essentially arc-shaped form, wherein the tunnel comprises a portion having a wedge-shaped form in a vertical section with an angle of inclination relative to the water surface plane from 5° to 45°. 2. The inflatable motor boat according to claim 1, wherein the tunnel comprises an additional portion with an angle of inclination from 0° to 20°, wherein the length of the additional portion is less than the length of the wedge-shaped portion. 3. The inflatable motor boat according to claim 1, wherein the width of the tunnel at the line of the conjugation with the stem face of the inflatable bottom is from 20 to 60 cm. 4. The inflatable motor boat according to claim 1, wherein the tunnel length is from 5 to 50% of the overall length of the boat. 5. The inflatable motor boat according to claim 1, wherein the angle of inclination of the tangent to the side wall of the tunnel is not more than 45° from the vertical line. 6. An inflatable motor boat comprising:
a U-shaped hull in plan view, which is formed by open outline of inflatable boards and bow part, an inflatable bottom attached to the hull, which bottom is divided into at least three longitudinal segments, wherein a longitudinal tunnel is made in the middle segment of the bottom, which tunnel comprises a portion having a wedge-shaped form in a vertical section, wherein the stern face of the bottom, conjugated with the tunnel, is made inclined and forms an angle of less than 90° relative to the water surface plane. 7. The inflatable motor boat according to claim 6, wherein the lower corners of the stern face are rounded. 8. The inflatable motor boat according to claim 6, wherein the depth of the tunnel at the line of the conjugation with the stem face of the inflatable bottom is from 2 to 25 cm. 9. The inflatable motor boat according to claim 6, wherein the width of the tunnel at the line of the conjugation with the stem face of the inflatable bottom is from 20 to 60 cm. 10. The inflatable motor boat according to claim 6, wherein the angle of inclination of the wedge-shaped portion of the tunnel relative to the water surface plane is from 5° to 45°. 11. An inflatable motor boat comprising:
a U-shaped hull in plan view, which is formed by open outline of inflatable boards and bow part, an inflatable bottom attached to the hull, which bottom is divided into at least three longitudinal segments, wherein a longitudinal tunnel is made in the middle segment of the bottom, wherein at least two water channels of variable depth are made in the inflatable bottom as a continuation of the longitudinal tunnel. 12. The inflatable motor boat according to claim 11, wherein the water channels are made as a continuation of the joint lines formed between adjacent segments of the inflatable bottom. 13. The inflatable motor boat according to claim 11, wherein the water channel has a sinusoidal shape in a longitudinal section. 14. The inflatable motor boat according to claim 11, wherein the total length of the tunnel and the water channel connected thereto is from 20 to 380 cm. 15. The inflatable motor boat according to claim 11, wherein the stern face of the bottom, conjugated with a longitudinal tunnel, is made inclined, with an angle of less than 90° relative to the water surface plane, 16. The inflatable motor boat according to claim 11, wherein the longitudinal tunnel comprises a portion having a wedge-shaped form in a vertical section. 17. The inflatable motor boat according to claim 16, wherein the angle of inclination of the tunnel relative to the water surface plane is from 5° to 45°. 18. The inflatable motor boat according to claim 11, wherein the depth of the tunnel at the line of the conjugation with the stern face of the inflatable bottom is from 2 to 25 cm. 19. The inflatable motor boat according to claim 11, wherein the width of the tunnel at the line of the conjugation with the stern face of the inflatable bottom is from 20 to 60 cm. | 2,600 |
349,248 | 350,122 | 16,757,866 | 2,684 | A device for fixing a drawer-type element on a rail of a pullout guide has a clamping mechanism, which has a housing having a receptacle into which an oblong retaining part is insertable to fix it on the housing. | 1. A device for fixing a drawer-type element (1) on a rail (8) of a pullout guide (6), comprising:
a clamping mechanism (10, 10′), which comprises a housing (12, 12′, 42) having a receptacle (15), into which an oblong retaining part (11, 11′) is insertable to fix the retaining part (11, 11′) on the housing (12, 12′, 42), and at least one movable clamping body (20) disposed in the receptacle (15), the at least one movable clamping body (20) pressing on one side on the retaining part (11, 11′) and on an opposing side on a support wall (18), the support wall (18) being aligned inclined in relation to an insertion direction of the retaining part (11, 11′). 2. The device according to claim 1, wherein an angle between the retaining part (11, 11′) and the support wall (18) is less than a permissible friction angle in dependence on utilized materials of the retaining part (11, 11′), the movable clamping body (20), and the support wall (18). 3. The device according to claim 1, wherein the at least one movable clamping body (20) comprises at least two rotatable clamping bodies (20), and wherein the retaining part (11, 11′) is insertable between the at least two rotatable clamping bodies (20), which are each supported by a support wall (18) on the a side facing away from the retaining part (11, 11′). 4. The device according to claim 3, wherein two support walls (18) are provided, which spread out in a wedge shape in the insertion direction. 5. The device according to claim 1, wherein an angle between the insertion direction of the retaining part (11) and the support wall (18) is between 1° and 20°. 6. The device according to claim 1, further comprising a disengagement element (22, 22′), by means of which clamping of the retaining part (11) on the at least one clamping body (20) can be disengaged, wherein the clamping bodies (20) are movable in the insertion direction via the disengagement element (22, 22′). 7. The device according to claim 4, wherein the support walls (18) are integrally formed with the housing (12). 8. The device according to claim 3, wherein the clamping bodies (20) are formed as balls, barrels, or cylinders. 9. The device according to claim 1, wherein the retaining part (11, 11′) is formed as a web. 10. The device according to claim 1, wherein a slotted opening (17, 17′) for inserting the retaining part (11, 11′) is formed on the housing (12). 11. The device according to claim 6, wherein the disengagement element (22, 22′) is pre-tensioned in a clamping position via a spring (21). 12. The device according to claim 3, wherein the clamping bodies (20) are pre-tensioned via a spring (21) in a clamping position. 13. The device according to claim 1, wherein the housing (12, 12′, 42) is arranged on a drawer (1) or integrally formed on a drawer or on a pullout guide (6) or integrally formed on a pullout guide (6) and the retaining part (11) is arranged on a pullout guide (6) or integrally formed on a pullout guide (6) or on a drawer (1) or integrally formed on a drawer. 14. The device according to claim 3, wherein a clamped connection can be canceled out by a relative movement between the clamping bodies (20) and retaining body (11) transversely to the insertion direction of the retaining part (11). 15. The device according to claim 14, wherein the housing comprises an opening (17′) for the retaining part (11′), into which the retaining part (11′) is insertable in the insertion direction and is extendable transversely to the insertion direction. 16. The device according to any claim 1, wherein the housing (42) or the retaining part (8′) is held on an adjustment unit to be able to fix the drawer-type element (1) adjustably in relation to the rail (8, 8′) in at least one direction. 17. The device according to claim 16, wherein the adjustment unit comprises means (60) for vertical adjustment and means for lateral adjustment. 18. The device according to claim 16, wherein the housing (42) is displaceably mounted on an installation part (40) for a lateral adjustment and is positionable via an adjustment element (45) on the installation part (40). 19. The device according to claim 17, wherein a wedge-shaped adjustment element (61) is provided for a vertical adjustment, by means of which a distance between the housing (42) and the drawer-type element (1) is adjustable. 20. The device according to claim 1, wherein an unlocking element (50) is provided, by means of which the retaining part (11, 11′) is unlockable from a position locked on the housing (42). 21. A piece of furniture having at least one drawer (1), which is held movably via at least one pullout guide (6), and is fixed in a clamping manner on a rail (8) of the pullout guide (6) via a device according to claim 1. | A device for fixing a drawer-type element on a rail of a pullout guide has a clamping mechanism, which has a housing having a receptacle into which an oblong retaining part is insertable to fix it on the housing.1. A device for fixing a drawer-type element (1) on a rail (8) of a pullout guide (6), comprising:
a clamping mechanism (10, 10′), which comprises a housing (12, 12′, 42) having a receptacle (15), into which an oblong retaining part (11, 11′) is insertable to fix the retaining part (11, 11′) on the housing (12, 12′, 42), and at least one movable clamping body (20) disposed in the receptacle (15), the at least one movable clamping body (20) pressing on one side on the retaining part (11, 11′) and on an opposing side on a support wall (18), the support wall (18) being aligned inclined in relation to an insertion direction of the retaining part (11, 11′). 2. The device according to claim 1, wherein an angle between the retaining part (11, 11′) and the support wall (18) is less than a permissible friction angle in dependence on utilized materials of the retaining part (11, 11′), the movable clamping body (20), and the support wall (18). 3. The device according to claim 1, wherein the at least one movable clamping body (20) comprises at least two rotatable clamping bodies (20), and wherein the retaining part (11, 11′) is insertable between the at least two rotatable clamping bodies (20), which are each supported by a support wall (18) on the a side facing away from the retaining part (11, 11′). 4. The device according to claim 3, wherein two support walls (18) are provided, which spread out in a wedge shape in the insertion direction. 5. The device according to claim 1, wherein an angle between the insertion direction of the retaining part (11) and the support wall (18) is between 1° and 20°. 6. The device according to claim 1, further comprising a disengagement element (22, 22′), by means of which clamping of the retaining part (11) on the at least one clamping body (20) can be disengaged, wherein the clamping bodies (20) are movable in the insertion direction via the disengagement element (22, 22′). 7. The device according to claim 4, wherein the support walls (18) are integrally formed with the housing (12). 8. The device according to claim 3, wherein the clamping bodies (20) are formed as balls, barrels, or cylinders. 9. The device according to claim 1, wherein the retaining part (11, 11′) is formed as a web. 10. The device according to claim 1, wherein a slotted opening (17, 17′) for inserting the retaining part (11, 11′) is formed on the housing (12). 11. The device according to claim 6, wherein the disengagement element (22, 22′) is pre-tensioned in a clamping position via a spring (21). 12. The device according to claim 3, wherein the clamping bodies (20) are pre-tensioned via a spring (21) in a clamping position. 13. The device according to claim 1, wherein the housing (12, 12′, 42) is arranged on a drawer (1) or integrally formed on a drawer or on a pullout guide (6) or integrally formed on a pullout guide (6) and the retaining part (11) is arranged on a pullout guide (6) or integrally formed on a pullout guide (6) or on a drawer (1) or integrally formed on a drawer. 14. The device according to claim 3, wherein a clamped connection can be canceled out by a relative movement between the clamping bodies (20) and retaining body (11) transversely to the insertion direction of the retaining part (11). 15. The device according to claim 14, wherein the housing comprises an opening (17′) for the retaining part (11′), into which the retaining part (11′) is insertable in the insertion direction and is extendable transversely to the insertion direction. 16. The device according to any claim 1, wherein the housing (42) or the retaining part (8′) is held on an adjustment unit to be able to fix the drawer-type element (1) adjustably in relation to the rail (8, 8′) in at least one direction. 17. The device according to claim 16, wherein the adjustment unit comprises means (60) for vertical adjustment and means for lateral adjustment. 18. The device according to claim 16, wherein the housing (42) is displaceably mounted on an installation part (40) for a lateral adjustment and is positionable via an adjustment element (45) on the installation part (40). 19. The device according to claim 17, wherein a wedge-shaped adjustment element (61) is provided for a vertical adjustment, by means of which a distance between the housing (42) and the drawer-type element (1) is adjustable. 20. The device according to claim 1, wherein an unlocking element (50) is provided, by means of which the retaining part (11, 11′) is unlockable from a position locked on the housing (42). 21. A piece of furniture having at least one drawer (1), which is held movably via at least one pullout guide (6), and is fixed in a clamping manner on a rail (8) of the pullout guide (6) via a device according to claim 1. | 2,600 |
349,249 | 350,123 | 16,757,920 | 2,684 | A reduction in leakage current and an increase in efficiency of III-nitride LEDs is obtained by sidewall passivation using atomic layer deposition of a dielectric. Atomic layer deposition is a hydrogen-free deposition method, which avoids problems associated with the effects of hydrogen on passivation and transparency. | 1. A method, comprising:
fabricating an opto-electronic device comprised of a plurality of II-nitride layers; and passivating at least one sidewall of the device using a hydrogen-free deposition of a dielectric. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the hydrogen-free deposition of the dielectric comprises an atomic layer deposition (ALD) of the dielectric. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the atomic layer deposition of the dielectric is performed at a temperature greater than about 25° C. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the hydrogen-free deposition of the dielectric reduces leakage current from the device, as compared to a hydrogen-based deposition of a dielectric. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the hydrogen-free deposition of the dielectric increases the device's efficiency, as compared to a hydrogen-based deposition of a dielectric. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the device includes a transparent conductive oxide (TCO) as a current spreading layer, and the hydrogen-free deposition of the dielectric has less impact on transparency of the current spreading layer, as compared to a hydrogen-based deposition of a dielectric. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the dielectric is SiO2, SiNx, Al2O3, or another insulating oxide or nitride. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the device is a light-emitting diode (LED). 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the device is a laser diode (LD). 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the device is a solar cell. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the device is a photo-detector. 12. A device fabricated according to the method of claim 1. | A reduction in leakage current and an increase in efficiency of III-nitride LEDs is obtained by sidewall passivation using atomic layer deposition of a dielectric. Atomic layer deposition is a hydrogen-free deposition method, which avoids problems associated with the effects of hydrogen on passivation and transparency.1. A method, comprising:
fabricating an opto-electronic device comprised of a plurality of II-nitride layers; and passivating at least one sidewall of the device using a hydrogen-free deposition of a dielectric. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the hydrogen-free deposition of the dielectric comprises an atomic layer deposition (ALD) of the dielectric. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the atomic layer deposition of the dielectric is performed at a temperature greater than about 25° C. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the hydrogen-free deposition of the dielectric reduces leakage current from the device, as compared to a hydrogen-based deposition of a dielectric. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the hydrogen-free deposition of the dielectric increases the device's efficiency, as compared to a hydrogen-based deposition of a dielectric. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the device includes a transparent conductive oxide (TCO) as a current spreading layer, and the hydrogen-free deposition of the dielectric has less impact on transparency of the current spreading layer, as compared to a hydrogen-based deposition of a dielectric. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the dielectric is SiO2, SiNx, Al2O3, or another insulating oxide or nitride. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the device is a light-emitting diode (LED). 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the device is a laser diode (LD). 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the device is a solar cell. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the device is a photo-detector. 12. A device fabricated according to the method of claim 1. | 2,600 |
349,250 | 350,124 | 16,757,925 | 2,684 | The present invention discloses composite with high energy storage capacity in energy storage devices comprising graphene, mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride (mc@g-C3N4) and to the process for preparation thereof. The present invention further discloses electrodes employing the said compositie and fabrication of high energy high power storage devices such as the Electric Double Layer Capacitor (EDLC) with these electrodes. | 1. A composite with high energy storage capacity for high energy storage devices comprising;
i. graphene at a concentration ranging from 65% to 95%; ii. graphitic carbon nitride coated on to mesoporous carbon (mc@g-C3N4) at a concentration ranging from 3% to 33%, the graphitic carbon nitride being obtained from condensation of urea or a precursor thereof and mesoporous carbon. 2-27. (canceled) 28. The composite as claimed in claim 1, wherein the composite comprises a binder at a concentration ranging from 1.5 to 2%. 29. The composite as claimed in claim 28, wherein the binder is selected from the group consisting of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), cellulose acetate, nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC), styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), chitin, and mixtures thereof. 30. The composite as claimed in claim 1, wherein the composite has a surface area ranging from 150 m2/g to 1800 m2/g. 31. The composite as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mesoporous carbon is prepared from a template carbon with a predefined structure. 32. The composite as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mesoporous carbon is prepared from a template carbon selected from the group consisting of:
a soft template carbon selected from the group consisting of glucose, fructose, soluble carbon sources, and mixtures thereof; and a hard template carbons selected from the group consisting of starch, biomass, and mixtures thereof. 33. A process for preparation of the composite as claimed in claim 1, comprising;
i. mechanically exfoliating graphitic flakes to obtain non-oxidized graphene flakes; ii. condensing a urea precursor with mesoporous carbon in an aqueous solution, followed by calcination to obtain graphitic carbon nitride coated on a mesoporous carbon as a calcination product; and iii. sonicating the non-oxidized graphene flakes of step (i) and the calcination product of step (ii), followed by evaporation to obtain a composite of graphene and graphitic carbon nitride coated on to mesoporous carbon (mc@g-C3N4). 34. The process as claimed in claim 33, wherein the mesoporous carbon is prepared from a template carbon selected from the group consisting of:
a soft template carbon selected from the group consisting of glucose, fructose, soluble carbon sources, and mixtures thereof; and a hard template carbons selected from the group consisting of starch, biomass, and mixtures thereof. 35. The process as claimed in claim 33, wherein the process further comprises homogenizing the composite of graphene and graphitic carbon nitride coated on mesoporous carbon (mc@g-C3N4) with a binder in a solvent to obtain a composite slurry with a content of 20-30% by mass of the composite. 36. The process as claimed in claim 35, wherein the binder is selected from the group consisting of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), cellulose acetate, nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC), styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), chitin, and mixtures thereof. 37. An electrode, comprising;
i. a microetched current collector; ii. a first layer of conductive graphitic carbon on the microetched current collector; and iii. a second layer on the first layer, the second layer comprising graphitic carbon nitride coated on to mesoporous carbon (mc@g-C3N4) at a concentration ranging from 3% to 33%, the graphitic carbon nitride being obtained from condensation of urea or a precursor thereof and mesoporous carbon 38. The electrode as claimed in claim 37, wherein:
the current collector is made from a material selected from the group consisting of aluminum foil, copper foil, stainless steel foil, flexible graphite foil, and lead foil; and the current collector has a thickness ranging from 5 microns to 100 microns. 39. A High Energy Density Electric Double Layer Capacitor (EDLC), comprising;
i. at least two electrodes, each electrode being an electrode as claimed in claim 37; ii. a separator along the length of the electrodes; and iii. an electrolyte comprising:
a. a deep eutectic solvent (DES) selected from the group consisting of a mixture of choline chloride and ethanediol, a mixture of choline chloride and urea, a mixture of choline chloride and methyl urea, and a mixture of choline chloride and glycerol; and
b. a redox couple. 40. The High Energy Density Electric Double Layer Capacitor (EDLC) as claimed in claim 39, wherein the second layer of the electrode comprises a binder selected from the group consisting of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), cellulose acetate, nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC), styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), chitin, and mixtures thereof. 41. The High Energy Density Electric Double Layer Capacitor (EDLC) as claimed in claim 40, wherein:
the deep eutectic solvent comprises a mixture of choline chloride and ethanediol, and the redox couple comprises ferrocyanide and ferricyanide in a 1:1 molar ratio. 42. The High Energy Density Electric Double Layer Capacitor (EDLC) as claimed in claim 40, wherein the current collector in the electrode is made from a material selected from the group consisting of aluminum foil, copper foil, stainless steel foil, flexible graphite foil, and lead foil. 43. The High Energy Density Electric Double Layer Capacitor (EDLC) as claimed in claim 40, wherein the combined thickness of the electrodes and the separator ranges from 50 microns to 220 microns. 44. The High Energy Density Electric Double Layer Capacitor (EDLC) as claimed in claim 40, wherein the EDLC has at least one of:
a specific capacitance ranging from about 50 F/g to about 300 F/g; an energy density ranging from about 65 Wh/kg to about 150 Wh/kg; and a power density ranging from about 200 W/kg to about 140 KW/kg. 45. A method of making the High Energy Density Electric Double Layer Capacitor (EDLC) as claimed in claim 40, comprising;
i. preparing a composite slurry of:
graphene and graphitic carbon nitride coated on mesoporous carbon (mc@g-C3N4), and
a binder;
ii. preparing at least two electrode assemblies by coating microetched current collectors with a first layer of highly conductive nanographitic carbon and a second layer of a composite of the mc@g-C3N4 and the binder; iii. calendaring the electrode assemblies of step (ii); iv. introducing the separator between two electrode assemblies and stacking the electrode assemblies and the separator in an alternate fashion to obtain an EDLC assembly; v. impregnating the EDLC assembly with an electrolyte comprising the deep eutectic solvent (DES) and the redox couple; and vi. sealing the impregnated EDLC assembly under vacuum to obtain the EDLC. 46. The method as claimed in claim 45, wherein:
the deep eutectic solvent comprises a mixture of choline chloride and ethanediol, and the redox couple comprises ferrocyanide and ferricyanide in a 1:1 molar ratio. | The present invention discloses composite with high energy storage capacity in energy storage devices comprising graphene, mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride (mc@g-C3N4) and to the process for preparation thereof. The present invention further discloses electrodes employing the said compositie and fabrication of high energy high power storage devices such as the Electric Double Layer Capacitor (EDLC) with these electrodes.1. A composite with high energy storage capacity for high energy storage devices comprising;
i. graphene at a concentration ranging from 65% to 95%; ii. graphitic carbon nitride coated on to mesoporous carbon (mc@g-C3N4) at a concentration ranging from 3% to 33%, the graphitic carbon nitride being obtained from condensation of urea or a precursor thereof and mesoporous carbon. 2-27. (canceled) 28. The composite as claimed in claim 1, wherein the composite comprises a binder at a concentration ranging from 1.5 to 2%. 29. The composite as claimed in claim 28, wherein the binder is selected from the group consisting of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), cellulose acetate, nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC), styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), chitin, and mixtures thereof. 30. The composite as claimed in claim 1, wherein the composite has a surface area ranging from 150 m2/g to 1800 m2/g. 31. The composite as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mesoporous carbon is prepared from a template carbon with a predefined structure. 32. The composite as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mesoporous carbon is prepared from a template carbon selected from the group consisting of:
a soft template carbon selected from the group consisting of glucose, fructose, soluble carbon sources, and mixtures thereof; and a hard template carbons selected from the group consisting of starch, biomass, and mixtures thereof. 33. A process for preparation of the composite as claimed in claim 1, comprising;
i. mechanically exfoliating graphitic flakes to obtain non-oxidized graphene flakes; ii. condensing a urea precursor with mesoporous carbon in an aqueous solution, followed by calcination to obtain graphitic carbon nitride coated on a mesoporous carbon as a calcination product; and iii. sonicating the non-oxidized graphene flakes of step (i) and the calcination product of step (ii), followed by evaporation to obtain a composite of graphene and graphitic carbon nitride coated on to mesoporous carbon (mc@g-C3N4). 34. The process as claimed in claim 33, wherein the mesoporous carbon is prepared from a template carbon selected from the group consisting of:
a soft template carbon selected from the group consisting of glucose, fructose, soluble carbon sources, and mixtures thereof; and a hard template carbons selected from the group consisting of starch, biomass, and mixtures thereof. 35. The process as claimed in claim 33, wherein the process further comprises homogenizing the composite of graphene and graphitic carbon nitride coated on mesoporous carbon (mc@g-C3N4) with a binder in a solvent to obtain a composite slurry with a content of 20-30% by mass of the composite. 36. The process as claimed in claim 35, wherein the binder is selected from the group consisting of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), cellulose acetate, nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC), styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), chitin, and mixtures thereof. 37. An electrode, comprising;
i. a microetched current collector; ii. a first layer of conductive graphitic carbon on the microetched current collector; and iii. a second layer on the first layer, the second layer comprising graphitic carbon nitride coated on to mesoporous carbon (mc@g-C3N4) at a concentration ranging from 3% to 33%, the graphitic carbon nitride being obtained from condensation of urea or a precursor thereof and mesoporous carbon 38. The electrode as claimed in claim 37, wherein:
the current collector is made from a material selected from the group consisting of aluminum foil, copper foil, stainless steel foil, flexible graphite foil, and lead foil; and the current collector has a thickness ranging from 5 microns to 100 microns. 39. A High Energy Density Electric Double Layer Capacitor (EDLC), comprising;
i. at least two electrodes, each electrode being an electrode as claimed in claim 37; ii. a separator along the length of the electrodes; and iii. an electrolyte comprising:
a. a deep eutectic solvent (DES) selected from the group consisting of a mixture of choline chloride and ethanediol, a mixture of choline chloride and urea, a mixture of choline chloride and methyl urea, and a mixture of choline chloride and glycerol; and
b. a redox couple. 40. The High Energy Density Electric Double Layer Capacitor (EDLC) as claimed in claim 39, wherein the second layer of the electrode comprises a binder selected from the group consisting of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), cellulose acetate, nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC), styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), chitin, and mixtures thereof. 41. The High Energy Density Electric Double Layer Capacitor (EDLC) as claimed in claim 40, wherein:
the deep eutectic solvent comprises a mixture of choline chloride and ethanediol, and the redox couple comprises ferrocyanide and ferricyanide in a 1:1 molar ratio. 42. The High Energy Density Electric Double Layer Capacitor (EDLC) as claimed in claim 40, wherein the current collector in the electrode is made from a material selected from the group consisting of aluminum foil, copper foil, stainless steel foil, flexible graphite foil, and lead foil. 43. The High Energy Density Electric Double Layer Capacitor (EDLC) as claimed in claim 40, wherein the combined thickness of the electrodes and the separator ranges from 50 microns to 220 microns. 44. The High Energy Density Electric Double Layer Capacitor (EDLC) as claimed in claim 40, wherein the EDLC has at least one of:
a specific capacitance ranging from about 50 F/g to about 300 F/g; an energy density ranging from about 65 Wh/kg to about 150 Wh/kg; and a power density ranging from about 200 W/kg to about 140 KW/kg. 45. A method of making the High Energy Density Electric Double Layer Capacitor (EDLC) as claimed in claim 40, comprising;
i. preparing a composite slurry of:
graphene and graphitic carbon nitride coated on mesoporous carbon (mc@g-C3N4), and
a binder;
ii. preparing at least two electrode assemblies by coating microetched current collectors with a first layer of highly conductive nanographitic carbon and a second layer of a composite of the mc@g-C3N4 and the binder; iii. calendaring the electrode assemblies of step (ii); iv. introducing the separator between two electrode assemblies and stacking the electrode assemblies and the separator in an alternate fashion to obtain an EDLC assembly; v. impregnating the EDLC assembly with an electrolyte comprising the deep eutectic solvent (DES) and the redox couple; and vi. sealing the impregnated EDLC assembly under vacuum to obtain the EDLC. 46. The method as claimed in claim 45, wherein:
the deep eutectic solvent comprises a mixture of choline chloride and ethanediol, and the redox couple comprises ferrocyanide and ferricyanide in a 1:1 molar ratio. | 2,600 |
349,251 | 350,125 | 16,757,893 | 2,684 | A lithium secondary battery includes a positive electrode including a lithium manganese-based first positive electrode active material having a spinel structure doped and coated and a lithium nickel-manganese-cobalt-based second positive active material, a negative electrode including artificial graphite having a specific surface area (BET) of 0.1-1.2 m2/g and at least one selected from the group consisting of soft carbon and natural graphite which have a greater specific surface area than the artificial graphite, a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and an electrolyte. | 1. A lithium secondary battery comprising:
a positive electrode including a lithium manganese-based first positive electrode active material having a spinel structure and a lithium nickel-manganese-cobalt-based second positive active material; a negative electrode including artificial graphite having a specific surface area (BET) of 0.1-1.2 m2/g and at least one selected from the group consisting of soft carbon and natural graphite, wherein the soft carbon and the natural graphite have a greater specific surface area than the artificial graphite; a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode; and an electrolyte, wherein the first positive electrode active material includes a lithium manganese oxide represented by Formula 1 below, and a coating layer positioned on the surface of the lithium manganese oxide and including one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Al, Ti, W, B, F, P, Mg, Ni, Co, Fe, Cr, V, Cu, Ca, Zn, Zr, Nb. Mo, Sr, Sb, Bi, Si, and S:
Li1+aMn2−bM1 bO4−cAc [Formula 1]
wherein, in Formula 1, M1 is one or more doping elements selected from the group consisting of Al, Li, Mg, Zn, B, W, Ni, Co, Fe, Cr, V, Ru, Cu, Cd, Ag, Y, Sc, Ga, In, As, Sb, Pt, Au, and Si and A is one or more elements selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, I, At, and S, and 0≤a≤0.2, 0≤b≤0.5, and 0≤c≤0.1. 2. The lithium secondary battery of claim 1, wherein the doping element M1 comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of Al, Li, Mg, and Zn. 3. The lithium secondary battery of claim 1, wherein the coating layer comprises Al, Ti, Zn, W, or B. 4. The lithium secondary battery of claim 1, wherein the second positive electrode active material is a lithium nickel-manganese-cobalt-based positive electrode active material represented by Formula 2 below:
Li1+x[NiyCozMnwM2 v]O2−pBp [Formula 2]
wherein in Formula 2, M2 is one or more selected from the group consisting of W, Cu, Fe, V, Cr, Ti, Zr, Zn, Al, In, Ta, Y, In, La, Sr, Ga, Sc, Gd, Sm, Ca, Ce, Nb, Mg, B, and Mo; B is one or more elements selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, I, At, and S; and 0≤x≤0.3, 0.50≤y<1, 0<z<0.35, 0<w<0.35, 0≤v≤0.1, and 0≤p≤0.1. 5. The lithium secondary battery of claim 1, wherein the first positive electrode active material and the second positive electrode active material are included at a weight ratio of 10:90 to 90:10. 6. The lithium secondary battery of claim 1, wherein the positive electrode comprises a positive electrode active material having a bimodal particle diameter distribution including large diameter particles and small diameter particles having different average particle diameters (D50). 7. The lithium secondary battery of claim 6, wherein the first positive electrode active material is the small diameter particles and the second positive electrode active material is the large diameter particles. 8. The lithium secondary battery of claim 6, wherein the first positive electrode active material is the large diameter particles and the second positive electrode active material is the small diameter particles. 9. The lithium secondary battery of claim 6, wherein at least one of the first positive electrode active material and the second positive electrode active material has a bimodal particle diameter distribution including the large diameter particles and the small diameter particles. 10. The lithium secondary battery of claim 1, wherein the positive electrode comprises a positive electrode current collector, a first positive electrode active material layer formed on the positive electrode current collector and a second positive electrode active material layer formed on the first positive electrode active material layer. 11. The lithium secondary battery of claim 10, wherein the first positive electrode active material and the second positive electrode active material are included in different layers. 12. The lithium secondary battery of claim 10, wherein the first positive electrode active material layer and the second positive electrode active material layer have different compositions. 13. The lithium secondary battery of claim 10, wherein
the first positive electrode active material layer comprises the first positive electrode active material in an amount of 50-100 wt % based on the total positive electrode active materials included in a first positive electrode active material layer, and the second positive electrode active material layer comprises the second positive electrode active material in an amount of 50-100 wt % of the total positive electrode active materials included in a second positive electrode active material layer. 14. The lithium secondary battery of claim 10, wherein
the first positive electrode active material layer comprises the second positive electrode active material in an amount of 50-100 wt % based on the total positive electrode active materials included in a first positive electrode active material layer, and the second positive electrode active material layer comprises the first positive electrode active material in an amount of 50-100 wt % of the total positive electrode active materials included in a second positive electrode active material layer. 15. The lithium secondary battery of claim 10, wherein
the first positive electrode active material layer and the second positive electrode active material layer comprise a binder, and the first positive electrode active material layer includes a binder in an amount of 1-4 wt %, and the second positive electrode active material layer includes a binder in an amount of 3 wt % or less. 16. The lithium secondary battery of claim 1, wherein the negative electrode comprises artificial graphite and soft carbon at a weight ratio of 50:50 to 95:5. 17. The lithium secondary battery of claim 1, wherein the negative electrode comprises artificial graphite and natural graphite in a weight ratio of 50:50 to 95:5. 18. The lithium secondary battery of claim 1, wherein the natural graphite has a specific surface area (BET) of 2-5 m2/g. 19. The lithium secondary battery of claim 1, wherein the soft carbon has a specific surface area (BET) of 7-10 m2/g. 20. The lithium secondary battery of claim 1, wherein the negative electrode comprises a negative electrode current collector, a first negative electrode active material layer formed on the negative electrode current collector and a second negative electrode active material layer formed on the first negative electrode active material layer. | A lithium secondary battery includes a positive electrode including a lithium manganese-based first positive electrode active material having a spinel structure doped and coated and a lithium nickel-manganese-cobalt-based second positive active material, a negative electrode including artificial graphite having a specific surface area (BET) of 0.1-1.2 m2/g and at least one selected from the group consisting of soft carbon and natural graphite which have a greater specific surface area than the artificial graphite, a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and an electrolyte.1. A lithium secondary battery comprising:
a positive electrode including a lithium manganese-based first positive electrode active material having a spinel structure and a lithium nickel-manganese-cobalt-based second positive active material; a negative electrode including artificial graphite having a specific surface area (BET) of 0.1-1.2 m2/g and at least one selected from the group consisting of soft carbon and natural graphite, wherein the soft carbon and the natural graphite have a greater specific surface area than the artificial graphite; a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode; and an electrolyte, wherein the first positive electrode active material includes a lithium manganese oxide represented by Formula 1 below, and a coating layer positioned on the surface of the lithium manganese oxide and including one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Al, Ti, W, B, F, P, Mg, Ni, Co, Fe, Cr, V, Cu, Ca, Zn, Zr, Nb. Mo, Sr, Sb, Bi, Si, and S:
Li1+aMn2−bM1 bO4−cAc [Formula 1]
wherein, in Formula 1, M1 is one or more doping elements selected from the group consisting of Al, Li, Mg, Zn, B, W, Ni, Co, Fe, Cr, V, Ru, Cu, Cd, Ag, Y, Sc, Ga, In, As, Sb, Pt, Au, and Si and A is one or more elements selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, I, At, and S, and 0≤a≤0.2, 0≤b≤0.5, and 0≤c≤0.1. 2. The lithium secondary battery of claim 1, wherein the doping element M1 comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of Al, Li, Mg, and Zn. 3. The lithium secondary battery of claim 1, wherein the coating layer comprises Al, Ti, Zn, W, or B. 4. The lithium secondary battery of claim 1, wherein the second positive electrode active material is a lithium nickel-manganese-cobalt-based positive electrode active material represented by Formula 2 below:
Li1+x[NiyCozMnwM2 v]O2−pBp [Formula 2]
wherein in Formula 2, M2 is one or more selected from the group consisting of W, Cu, Fe, V, Cr, Ti, Zr, Zn, Al, In, Ta, Y, In, La, Sr, Ga, Sc, Gd, Sm, Ca, Ce, Nb, Mg, B, and Mo; B is one or more elements selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, I, At, and S; and 0≤x≤0.3, 0.50≤y<1, 0<z<0.35, 0<w<0.35, 0≤v≤0.1, and 0≤p≤0.1. 5. The lithium secondary battery of claim 1, wherein the first positive electrode active material and the second positive electrode active material are included at a weight ratio of 10:90 to 90:10. 6. The lithium secondary battery of claim 1, wherein the positive electrode comprises a positive electrode active material having a bimodal particle diameter distribution including large diameter particles and small diameter particles having different average particle diameters (D50). 7. The lithium secondary battery of claim 6, wherein the first positive electrode active material is the small diameter particles and the second positive electrode active material is the large diameter particles. 8. The lithium secondary battery of claim 6, wherein the first positive electrode active material is the large diameter particles and the second positive electrode active material is the small diameter particles. 9. The lithium secondary battery of claim 6, wherein at least one of the first positive electrode active material and the second positive electrode active material has a bimodal particle diameter distribution including the large diameter particles and the small diameter particles. 10. The lithium secondary battery of claim 1, wherein the positive electrode comprises a positive electrode current collector, a first positive electrode active material layer formed on the positive electrode current collector and a second positive electrode active material layer formed on the first positive electrode active material layer. 11. The lithium secondary battery of claim 10, wherein the first positive electrode active material and the second positive electrode active material are included in different layers. 12. The lithium secondary battery of claim 10, wherein the first positive electrode active material layer and the second positive electrode active material layer have different compositions. 13. The lithium secondary battery of claim 10, wherein
the first positive electrode active material layer comprises the first positive electrode active material in an amount of 50-100 wt % based on the total positive electrode active materials included in a first positive electrode active material layer, and the second positive electrode active material layer comprises the second positive electrode active material in an amount of 50-100 wt % of the total positive electrode active materials included in a second positive electrode active material layer. 14. The lithium secondary battery of claim 10, wherein
the first positive electrode active material layer comprises the second positive electrode active material in an amount of 50-100 wt % based on the total positive electrode active materials included in a first positive electrode active material layer, and the second positive electrode active material layer comprises the first positive electrode active material in an amount of 50-100 wt % of the total positive electrode active materials included in a second positive electrode active material layer. 15. The lithium secondary battery of claim 10, wherein
the first positive electrode active material layer and the second positive electrode active material layer comprise a binder, and the first positive electrode active material layer includes a binder in an amount of 1-4 wt %, and the second positive electrode active material layer includes a binder in an amount of 3 wt % or less. 16. The lithium secondary battery of claim 1, wherein the negative electrode comprises artificial graphite and soft carbon at a weight ratio of 50:50 to 95:5. 17. The lithium secondary battery of claim 1, wherein the negative electrode comprises artificial graphite and natural graphite in a weight ratio of 50:50 to 95:5. 18. The lithium secondary battery of claim 1, wherein the natural graphite has a specific surface area (BET) of 2-5 m2/g. 19. The lithium secondary battery of claim 1, wherein the soft carbon has a specific surface area (BET) of 7-10 m2/g. 20. The lithium secondary battery of claim 1, wherein the negative electrode comprises a negative electrode current collector, a first negative electrode active material layer formed on the negative electrode current collector and a second negative electrode active material layer formed on the first negative electrode active material layer. | 2,600 |
349,252 | 350,126 | 16,757,915 | 2,684 | There is disclosed a capillary microfluidic circuit including a main channel communicating with a flow inducing element. The main channel has intermediary inlets. Reservoirs for containing one or more liquids prior to being drawn into the main channel. The reservoirs include a first reservoir and at least a second reservoir. Each of the reservoirs has an upstream end connectable to vents for filling the reservoirs with the one or more liquids and a downstream end. The downstream end of each of the reservoirs is connected to the intermediary inlets of the main channel A conduit is disposed between the first reservoir and the a least a second reservoir. The conduit links the downstream end of the first reservoir with the upstream end of the at least a second reservoir. | 1. A capillary microfluidic circuit comprising:
a main channel communicating with a flow inducing element configured for generating a pressure differential in the main channel to draw one or more liquids into the main channel, the main channel having intermediary inlets distributed along the main channel; reservoirs for containing the one or more liquids prior to being drawn into the main channel, the reservoirs including a first reservoir and at least a second reservoir, each of the reservoirs having an upstream end connectable to vents for filling the reservoirs with the one or more liquids and a downstream end, the downstream end of each of the reservoirs being connected to the intermediary inlets of the main channel; and a conduit disposed between the first reservoir and the at least a second reservoir, the conduit interconnecting the downstream end of the first reservoir with the upstream end of the at least a second reservoir. 2. (canceled) 3. (canceled) 4. The capillary microfluidic circuit of claim 3, further comprising a first retention burst valve fluidly connected to an upstream end of the first reservoir, a bursting pressure of the first retention burst valve being greater than the pressure differential of the flow inducing element, and further comprising a second retention burst valve fluidly connected to an upstream end of the main channel, the second retention burst valve having a bursting pressure greater than the bursting pressure of the first retention burst valve and lower than the pressure differential generated by the flow inducing element. 5. (canceled) 6. The capillary microfluidic circuit of claim 1, wherein each of the reservoirs contains a liquid different than liquids contained in a remainder of the reservoirs and in the main channel. 7. The capillary microfluidic circuit of claim 1, wherein the flow inducing element is a capillary pump. 8. The capillary microfluidic circuit of claim 6, wherein the main channel and the reservoirs are defined in a hydrophilic hydraulic layer and wherein the conduit is an air conduit defined in a hydrophobic pneumatic layer disposed on top of the hydrophilic hydraulic layer. 9. (canceled) 10. The capillary microfluidic circuit of claim 1, wherein the main channel, the reservoirs, and the conduit are defined in the same hydrophilic layer, the capillary microfluidic circuit further comprising the main channel, the reservoirs, and the conduit, the circuit further comprising a stop valve fluidly separating the downstream end of the first reservoir from the conduit, a stop valve fluidly separating the second reservoir from the conduit, while the conduit connected opposed ends of the reservoirs and defining an air trap. 11. The capillary microfluidic circuit of claim 10, where the cover is made of polydimethylsiloxane. 12. (canceled) 13. (canceled) 14. The capillary microfluidic circuit of claim 1, comprising a sacrificial reservoir configured for containing a sacrificial liquid, the sacrificial reservoir connected to the main channel. 15. The capillary microfluidic circuit of claim 14, comprising a sacrificial conduit connected at one end to the sacrificial reservoir and having an opposed end connected to the reservoirs. 16. The capillary microfluidic circuit of claim 1, further comprising a first set of retention valves disposed downstream of the vents and upstream of the upstream ends of the reservoirs, retention valves of the first set of retention valves having a bursting pressure greater than the pressure differential of the flow inducing element, wherein the retention valves of the first set are defined by channels fluidly connecting the vents to the reservoirs, at least one of a height or a width of the channels less than that of the reservoirs. 17. The capillary microfluidic circuit of claim 16, further comprising a second set of retention valves disposed downstream of the downstream ends of the reservoirs and upstream of the main channel, the retention valves of the second set defined by channels fluidly connecting the main channel to the reservoirs, at least one of a height or a width of the channels less than that of the reservoirs. 18. (canceled) 19. The capillary microfluidic circuit of claim 14, further comprising a reaction zone downstream of the main channel and upstream of the flow inducing element, the reaction zone is patterned with a probe, the sacrificial reservoir connected to the main channel upstream of the reaction zone. 20. (canceled) 21. The capillary microfluidic circuit of claim 1, wherein the conduit further fluidly connects an upstream end of one or more additional reservoirs to the downstream end of the first reservoir via the upstream end of the second reservoir, the one or more additional reservoirs being upstream of the second reservoir. 22. A capillary microfluidic circuit, comprising:
a main channel extending between an inlet and a flow inducing element for generating a pressure differential for inducing a flow in the main channel; a plurality of cells each connected to the main conduit between the inlet of the main conduit and the flow inducing element, each of the plurality of cells including:
a sacrificial reservoir configured for containing a sacrificial liquid, the sacrificial reservoir connected to the main channel,
two reservoirs, each of the two reservoirs configured for containing a respective one of blood plasma and a fluorogenic substrate,
a mixing zone having an upstream end connected to the two reservoirs,
a reaction chamber connected to a downstream end of the mixing zone and to the main channel, the mixing zone connected to the main channel via the reaction chamber, and
a conduit connected at one end to the sacrificial reservoir and an opposed end to both of the two reservoirs; and
a connecting conduit connecting one of the two reservoirs to a sacrificial reservoir of a subsequent one of the plurality of cells. 23. The capillary microfluidic circuit of claim 22, wherein a number of the cells is ten. 24. The capillary microfluidic circuit of claim 22, wherein the reaction chamber is a serpentine conduit. 25. The capillary microfluidic circuit of claim 22, wherein the flow inducing element is a capillary pump. 26. The capillary microfluidic circuit of claim 22, further comprising a first set of retention valves disposed upstream of upstream ends of the reservoirs, retention valves of the first set of retention valves having a bursting pressure greater than the pressure differential of the flow inducing element. 27. The capillary microfluidic circuit of claim 26, further comprising a second set of retention valves disposed downstream of downstream ends of the reservoirs and upstream of the main channel. 28. The capillary microfluidic circuit of claim 27, wherein the retention valves of the second set are defined by channels fluidly connecting the main channel to the reservoirs, at least one of a height or a width of the channels less than that of the reservoirs. 29. A method of operating a microfluidic circuit, comprising:
directing a fluid through a main channel with a flow inducing element; draining a first reservoir into the main channel using the flow inducing element; once the first reservoir is drained into the main channel, linking the first reservoir to a second reservoir; and subsequently draining the second reservoir into the main channel using the flow inducing element. 30-44. (canceled) | There is disclosed a capillary microfluidic circuit including a main channel communicating with a flow inducing element. The main channel has intermediary inlets. Reservoirs for containing one or more liquids prior to being drawn into the main channel. The reservoirs include a first reservoir and at least a second reservoir. Each of the reservoirs has an upstream end connectable to vents for filling the reservoirs with the one or more liquids and a downstream end. The downstream end of each of the reservoirs is connected to the intermediary inlets of the main channel A conduit is disposed between the first reservoir and the a least a second reservoir. The conduit links the downstream end of the first reservoir with the upstream end of the at least a second reservoir.1. A capillary microfluidic circuit comprising:
a main channel communicating with a flow inducing element configured for generating a pressure differential in the main channel to draw one or more liquids into the main channel, the main channel having intermediary inlets distributed along the main channel; reservoirs for containing the one or more liquids prior to being drawn into the main channel, the reservoirs including a first reservoir and at least a second reservoir, each of the reservoirs having an upstream end connectable to vents for filling the reservoirs with the one or more liquids and a downstream end, the downstream end of each of the reservoirs being connected to the intermediary inlets of the main channel; and a conduit disposed between the first reservoir and the at least a second reservoir, the conduit interconnecting the downstream end of the first reservoir with the upstream end of the at least a second reservoir. 2. (canceled) 3. (canceled) 4. The capillary microfluidic circuit of claim 3, further comprising a first retention burst valve fluidly connected to an upstream end of the first reservoir, a bursting pressure of the first retention burst valve being greater than the pressure differential of the flow inducing element, and further comprising a second retention burst valve fluidly connected to an upstream end of the main channel, the second retention burst valve having a bursting pressure greater than the bursting pressure of the first retention burst valve and lower than the pressure differential generated by the flow inducing element. 5. (canceled) 6. The capillary microfluidic circuit of claim 1, wherein each of the reservoirs contains a liquid different than liquids contained in a remainder of the reservoirs and in the main channel. 7. The capillary microfluidic circuit of claim 1, wherein the flow inducing element is a capillary pump. 8. The capillary microfluidic circuit of claim 6, wherein the main channel and the reservoirs are defined in a hydrophilic hydraulic layer and wherein the conduit is an air conduit defined in a hydrophobic pneumatic layer disposed on top of the hydrophilic hydraulic layer. 9. (canceled) 10. The capillary microfluidic circuit of claim 1, wherein the main channel, the reservoirs, and the conduit are defined in the same hydrophilic layer, the capillary microfluidic circuit further comprising the main channel, the reservoirs, and the conduit, the circuit further comprising a stop valve fluidly separating the downstream end of the first reservoir from the conduit, a stop valve fluidly separating the second reservoir from the conduit, while the conduit connected opposed ends of the reservoirs and defining an air trap. 11. The capillary microfluidic circuit of claim 10, where the cover is made of polydimethylsiloxane. 12. (canceled) 13. (canceled) 14. The capillary microfluidic circuit of claim 1, comprising a sacrificial reservoir configured for containing a sacrificial liquid, the sacrificial reservoir connected to the main channel. 15. The capillary microfluidic circuit of claim 14, comprising a sacrificial conduit connected at one end to the sacrificial reservoir and having an opposed end connected to the reservoirs. 16. The capillary microfluidic circuit of claim 1, further comprising a first set of retention valves disposed downstream of the vents and upstream of the upstream ends of the reservoirs, retention valves of the first set of retention valves having a bursting pressure greater than the pressure differential of the flow inducing element, wherein the retention valves of the first set are defined by channels fluidly connecting the vents to the reservoirs, at least one of a height or a width of the channels less than that of the reservoirs. 17. The capillary microfluidic circuit of claim 16, further comprising a second set of retention valves disposed downstream of the downstream ends of the reservoirs and upstream of the main channel, the retention valves of the second set defined by channels fluidly connecting the main channel to the reservoirs, at least one of a height or a width of the channels less than that of the reservoirs. 18. (canceled) 19. The capillary microfluidic circuit of claim 14, further comprising a reaction zone downstream of the main channel and upstream of the flow inducing element, the reaction zone is patterned with a probe, the sacrificial reservoir connected to the main channel upstream of the reaction zone. 20. (canceled) 21. The capillary microfluidic circuit of claim 1, wherein the conduit further fluidly connects an upstream end of one or more additional reservoirs to the downstream end of the first reservoir via the upstream end of the second reservoir, the one or more additional reservoirs being upstream of the second reservoir. 22. A capillary microfluidic circuit, comprising:
a main channel extending between an inlet and a flow inducing element for generating a pressure differential for inducing a flow in the main channel; a plurality of cells each connected to the main conduit between the inlet of the main conduit and the flow inducing element, each of the plurality of cells including:
a sacrificial reservoir configured for containing a sacrificial liquid, the sacrificial reservoir connected to the main channel,
two reservoirs, each of the two reservoirs configured for containing a respective one of blood plasma and a fluorogenic substrate,
a mixing zone having an upstream end connected to the two reservoirs,
a reaction chamber connected to a downstream end of the mixing zone and to the main channel, the mixing zone connected to the main channel via the reaction chamber, and
a conduit connected at one end to the sacrificial reservoir and an opposed end to both of the two reservoirs; and
a connecting conduit connecting one of the two reservoirs to a sacrificial reservoir of a subsequent one of the plurality of cells. 23. The capillary microfluidic circuit of claim 22, wherein a number of the cells is ten. 24. The capillary microfluidic circuit of claim 22, wherein the reaction chamber is a serpentine conduit. 25. The capillary microfluidic circuit of claim 22, wherein the flow inducing element is a capillary pump. 26. The capillary microfluidic circuit of claim 22, further comprising a first set of retention valves disposed upstream of upstream ends of the reservoirs, retention valves of the first set of retention valves having a bursting pressure greater than the pressure differential of the flow inducing element. 27. The capillary microfluidic circuit of claim 26, further comprising a second set of retention valves disposed downstream of downstream ends of the reservoirs and upstream of the main channel. 28. The capillary microfluidic circuit of claim 27, wherein the retention valves of the second set are defined by channels fluidly connecting the main channel to the reservoirs, at least one of a height or a width of the channels less than that of the reservoirs. 29. A method of operating a microfluidic circuit, comprising:
directing a fluid through a main channel with a flow inducing element; draining a first reservoir into the main channel using the flow inducing element; once the first reservoir is drained into the main channel, linking the first reservoir to a second reservoir; and subsequently draining the second reservoir into the main channel using the flow inducing element. 30-44. (canceled) | 2,600 |
349,253 | 350,127 | 16,757,878 | 2,684 | A photoelectric conversion element capable of reducing a specific dark current. In a photoelectric conversion element (10) including an anode (12), a cathode (16), and an active layer (14) provided between the anode and the cathode, the active layer contains a p-type semiconductor material having a band gap of 0.5 eV to 1.58 eV, and an n-type semiconductor material, the n-type semiconductor material is a C60 fullerene derivative, and on an image obtained by binarizing an image of the active layer observed by a transmission electron microscope, the junction length between a phase of the n-type semiconductor material and a phase of the p-type semiconductor material is 120 μm to 170 μm per square micrometer of the area of the binarized image. | 1. A photodetector used with a reverse bias voltage applied, comprising:
an anode; a cathode; and an active layer provided between the anode and the cathode, wherein the active layer contains a p-type semiconductor material having a band gap of 0.5 eV to 1.58 eV, and an n-type semiconductor material, the n-type semiconductor material is a C60 fullerene derivative, and on an image obtained by binarizing an image of the active layer observed by a transmission electron microscope, a junction length between a phase of the n-type semiconductor material and a phase of the p-type semiconductor material is 120 μm to 170 μm per square micrometer of area of the binarized image. 2. The photodetector according to claim 1, wherein the p-type semiconductor material is a polymer compound having a constitutional unit containing a thiophene skeleton. 3. The photodetector according to claim 1, wherein the C60 fullerene derivative is C60PCBM. 4. (canceled) 5. An image sensor comprising the photodetector according to claim 1. 6. A fingerprint authentication device comprising the photodetector according to claim 1. 7. A method for producing a photodetector used with a reverse bias voltage applied, comprising an anode, a cathode, and an active layer provided between the anode and the cathode, comprising:
forming the active layer comprising a step (i) of applying an ink containing an n-type semiconductor material, a p-type semiconductor material having a band gap of 0.5 eV to 1.58 eV, and a solvent to a subject to be applied, to obtain a coating film, and a step (ii) of removing the solvent from the coating film, wherein the n-type semiconductor material is a C60 fullerene derivative, and on an image obtained by binarizing an image of the active layer observed by a transmission electron microscope, a junction length between the n-type semiconductor material and the p-type semiconductor material is 120 μm to 170 μm per square micrometer of area of the binarized image. 8. The method for producing a photodetector according to claim 7, wherein the bandgap of the p-type semiconductor material is a 1.18 eV to eV 1.58. 9. The method for producing a photodetector according to claim 7, wherein the p-type semiconductor material is a polymer compound having a constitutional unit containing a thiophene skeleton. 10. The method for producing a photodetector according to claim 7, wherein the C60 fullerene derivative is C60PCBM. 11. The photodetector according to claim 1, the bandgap of the p-type semiconductor material is 1.18 eV to 1.58 eV. | A photoelectric conversion element capable of reducing a specific dark current. In a photoelectric conversion element (10) including an anode (12), a cathode (16), and an active layer (14) provided between the anode and the cathode, the active layer contains a p-type semiconductor material having a band gap of 0.5 eV to 1.58 eV, and an n-type semiconductor material, the n-type semiconductor material is a C60 fullerene derivative, and on an image obtained by binarizing an image of the active layer observed by a transmission electron microscope, the junction length between a phase of the n-type semiconductor material and a phase of the p-type semiconductor material is 120 μm to 170 μm per square micrometer of the area of the binarized image.1. A photodetector used with a reverse bias voltage applied, comprising:
an anode; a cathode; and an active layer provided between the anode and the cathode, wherein the active layer contains a p-type semiconductor material having a band gap of 0.5 eV to 1.58 eV, and an n-type semiconductor material, the n-type semiconductor material is a C60 fullerene derivative, and on an image obtained by binarizing an image of the active layer observed by a transmission electron microscope, a junction length between a phase of the n-type semiconductor material and a phase of the p-type semiconductor material is 120 μm to 170 μm per square micrometer of area of the binarized image. 2. The photodetector according to claim 1, wherein the p-type semiconductor material is a polymer compound having a constitutional unit containing a thiophene skeleton. 3. The photodetector according to claim 1, wherein the C60 fullerene derivative is C60PCBM. 4. (canceled) 5. An image sensor comprising the photodetector according to claim 1. 6. A fingerprint authentication device comprising the photodetector according to claim 1. 7. A method for producing a photodetector used with a reverse bias voltage applied, comprising an anode, a cathode, and an active layer provided between the anode and the cathode, comprising:
forming the active layer comprising a step (i) of applying an ink containing an n-type semiconductor material, a p-type semiconductor material having a band gap of 0.5 eV to 1.58 eV, and a solvent to a subject to be applied, to obtain a coating film, and a step (ii) of removing the solvent from the coating film, wherein the n-type semiconductor material is a C60 fullerene derivative, and on an image obtained by binarizing an image of the active layer observed by a transmission electron microscope, a junction length between the n-type semiconductor material and the p-type semiconductor material is 120 μm to 170 μm per square micrometer of area of the binarized image. 8. The method for producing a photodetector according to claim 7, wherein the bandgap of the p-type semiconductor material is a 1.18 eV to eV 1.58. 9. The method for producing a photodetector according to claim 7, wherein the p-type semiconductor material is a polymer compound having a constitutional unit containing a thiophene skeleton. 10. The method for producing a photodetector according to claim 7, wherein the C60 fullerene derivative is C60PCBM. 11. The photodetector according to claim 1, the bandgap of the p-type semiconductor material is 1.18 eV to 1.58 eV. | 2,600 |
349,254 | 350,128 | 16,757,896 | 2,684 | The present invention discloses a flexible display screen and a display device. The flexible display screen includes: a flexible display panel, a first flexible electromagnetic shielding layer and a bottom film disposed in that order on a side, opposite to a light-emitting side, of the flexible display panel; the organic electroluminescent flexible display panel has a bending area, and the bending area is provided with signal lines; the flexible display screen further includes: a second flexible electromagnetic shielding layer disposed on a light-emitting side of the flexible display panel and covering the signal lines, and a colloidal insulating layer covering the second flexible electromagnetic shielding layer; and the materials of the first flexible electromagnetic shielding layer and the second flexible electromagnetic shielding layer are both conductive materials with fluidity. | 1. A flexible display screen, comprising:
a flexible display panel; a first flexible electromagnetic shielding layer and a bottom film disposed in that order on a side, opposite to a light-emitting side, of the flexible display panel; wherein the organic electroluminescent flexible display panel has a bending area, and the bending area is provided with signal lines; and the flexible display screen further comprises:
a second flexible electromagnetic shielding layer disposed on the light-emitting side of the flexible display panel, wherein the second flexible electromagnetic shielding layer covers the signal lines, and
a colloidal insulating layer covering the second flexible electromagnetic shielding layer;
wherein materials of the first flexible electromagnetic shielding layer and the second flexible electromagnetic shielding layer are both conductive materials with fluidity. 2. The flexible display screen of claim 1, wherein material of the first flexible electromagnetic shielding layer is conductive adhesive, and the bottom film is affixed to the side, opposite to the light-emitting side, of the flexible display panel through the conductive adhesive. 3. The flexible display screen of claim 1, wherein material of the second flexible electromagnetic shielding layer is conductive adhesive. 4. The flexible display screen of claim 2, wherein the conductive adhesive is pressure-sensitive conductive adhesive. 5. The flexible display screen of claim 1, wherein a thickness of the bottom film in the bending area is smaller than a thickness of the bottom film in other areas other than the bending area. 6. The flexible display screen of claim 1, wherein material of the bottom film is a poly(terephthalic acid) plastic. 7. The flexible display screen of claim 1, wherein a thickness of the colloid insulating layer is so set that the signal lines in the bending area is in an extruded state. 8. The flexible display screen of claim 1, wherein a thickness of the colloid insulating layer is 13 μm-15 μm. 9. The flexible display screen of any of claims 1 3 claim 1, wherein the flexible display panel is an organic electroluminescent flexible display panel. 10. A display device, comprising the flexible display screen of claim 1. 11. The flexible display screen of claim 3, wherein the conductive adhesive is pressure-sensitive conductive adhesive. 12. The flexible display screen of claim 2, wherein a thickness of the bottom film in the bending area is smaller than a thickness of the bottom film in other areas other than the bending area. 13. The flexible display screen of claim 2, wherein material of the bottom film is a poly(terephthalic acid) plastic. 14. The flexible display screen of claim 2, wherein a thickness of the colloid insulating layer is so set that the signal lines in the bending area is in an extruded state. 15. The flexible display screen of claim 2, wherein a thickness of the colloid insulating layer is 13 μm-15 μm. 16. The flexible display screen of claim 2, wherein the flexible display panel is an organic electroluminescent flexible display panel. 17. The flexible display screen of claim 3, wherein a thickness of the bottom film in the bending area is smaller than a thickness of the bottom film in other areas other than the bending area. 18. The flexible display screen of claim 3, wherein material of the bottom film is a poly(terephthalic acid) plastic. 19. The flexible display screen of claim 3, wherein a thickness of the colloid insulating layer is so set that the signal lines in the bending area is in an extruded state. 20. The flexible display screen of claim 3, wherein a thickness of the colloid insulating layer is 13 μm-15 μm. | The present invention discloses a flexible display screen and a display device. The flexible display screen includes: a flexible display panel, a first flexible electromagnetic shielding layer and a bottom film disposed in that order on a side, opposite to a light-emitting side, of the flexible display panel; the organic electroluminescent flexible display panel has a bending area, and the bending area is provided with signal lines; the flexible display screen further includes: a second flexible electromagnetic shielding layer disposed on a light-emitting side of the flexible display panel and covering the signal lines, and a colloidal insulating layer covering the second flexible electromagnetic shielding layer; and the materials of the first flexible electromagnetic shielding layer and the second flexible electromagnetic shielding layer are both conductive materials with fluidity.1. A flexible display screen, comprising:
a flexible display panel; a first flexible electromagnetic shielding layer and a bottom film disposed in that order on a side, opposite to a light-emitting side, of the flexible display panel; wherein the organic electroluminescent flexible display panel has a bending area, and the bending area is provided with signal lines; and the flexible display screen further comprises:
a second flexible electromagnetic shielding layer disposed on the light-emitting side of the flexible display panel, wherein the second flexible electromagnetic shielding layer covers the signal lines, and
a colloidal insulating layer covering the second flexible electromagnetic shielding layer;
wherein materials of the first flexible electromagnetic shielding layer and the second flexible electromagnetic shielding layer are both conductive materials with fluidity. 2. The flexible display screen of claim 1, wherein material of the first flexible electromagnetic shielding layer is conductive adhesive, and the bottom film is affixed to the side, opposite to the light-emitting side, of the flexible display panel through the conductive adhesive. 3. The flexible display screen of claim 1, wherein material of the second flexible electromagnetic shielding layer is conductive adhesive. 4. The flexible display screen of claim 2, wherein the conductive adhesive is pressure-sensitive conductive adhesive. 5. The flexible display screen of claim 1, wherein a thickness of the bottom film in the bending area is smaller than a thickness of the bottom film in other areas other than the bending area. 6. The flexible display screen of claim 1, wherein material of the bottom film is a poly(terephthalic acid) plastic. 7. The flexible display screen of claim 1, wherein a thickness of the colloid insulating layer is so set that the signal lines in the bending area is in an extruded state. 8. The flexible display screen of claim 1, wherein a thickness of the colloid insulating layer is 13 μm-15 μm. 9. The flexible display screen of any of claims 1 3 claim 1, wherein the flexible display panel is an organic electroluminescent flexible display panel. 10. A display device, comprising the flexible display screen of claim 1. 11. The flexible display screen of claim 3, wherein the conductive adhesive is pressure-sensitive conductive adhesive. 12. The flexible display screen of claim 2, wherein a thickness of the bottom film in the bending area is smaller than a thickness of the bottom film in other areas other than the bending area. 13. The flexible display screen of claim 2, wherein material of the bottom film is a poly(terephthalic acid) plastic. 14. The flexible display screen of claim 2, wherein a thickness of the colloid insulating layer is so set that the signal lines in the bending area is in an extruded state. 15. The flexible display screen of claim 2, wherein a thickness of the colloid insulating layer is 13 μm-15 μm. 16. The flexible display screen of claim 2, wherein the flexible display panel is an organic electroluminescent flexible display panel. 17. The flexible display screen of claim 3, wherein a thickness of the bottom film in the bending area is smaller than a thickness of the bottom film in other areas other than the bending area. 18. The flexible display screen of claim 3, wherein material of the bottom film is a poly(terephthalic acid) plastic. 19. The flexible display screen of claim 3, wherein a thickness of the colloid insulating layer is so set that the signal lines in the bending area is in an extruded state. 20. The flexible display screen of claim 3, wherein a thickness of the colloid insulating layer is 13 μm-15 μm. | 2,600 |
349,255 | 350,129 | 16,757,912 | 2,684 | The present invention concerns an energy transfer device for transferring replenishment energy to a distant object, the energy transfer device comprising: —an energy source, —a base configured to hold the energy source and to orient the energy source towards the distant object, wherein the energy source comprises at least one Vertical External Cavity Surface Emitting Laser. | 1-47. (canceled) 48. Energy transfer device for transferring replenishment energy to a distant object, the energy transfer device comprising:
an energy source, a base configured to hold the energy source and to orient the energy source towards the distant object, 49. Energy transfer device according to claim 48, wherein the base is configured to displace the energy source relative to the base to orient the energy source towards the distant object. 50. Energy transfer device according to claim 48, wherein the energy source comprises an array including a plurality of Vertical External Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers, and the base is configured to hold the energy source and to orient the energy source towards the distant object. 51. Energy transfer device according to claim 48, wherein the base includes a mobile device configured to be displaced, the at least one Vertical External Cavity Surface Emitting Laser or the plurality of Vertical External Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers being mounted directly on the mobile device being displaced with the mobile device. 52. Energy transfer device according to claim 48, wherein the at least one or plurality of Vertical External Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers comprise or comprises an external optical cavity in which is located a semiconductor active region configured to emit laser light at a first wavelength when optically pumped by a pumping laser providing laser energy at a second shorter wavelength. 53. Energy transfer device according to claim 48, wherein the at least one or plurality of Vertical External Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers is or are configured to be optically pumped for laser emission along a laser emission output axis, or at an angle to the laser emission output axis. 54. Energy transfer device according to claim 48, wherein the at least one or plurality of Vertical External Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers include or includes a semiconductor action region and an optical cavity formed by mirrors not in direct contact with the semiconductor active region and defining a space within the optical cavity. 55. Energy transfer device according to claim 48, wherein the at least one or plurality of Vertical External Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers includes or include an optical cavity, at least one semiconductor active region for emitting light inside the optical cavity and at least one low thermal impedance element for evacuating thermal energy, the at least one semiconductor active region being in direct contact with the at least one low thermal impedance element inserted inside a cavity. 56. Energy transfer device according to claim 55, wherein the at least one low thermal impedance element includes at least one high contrast grating. 57. Energy transfer device according to claim 56, including a first thermal impedance element including a high contrast grating and a second thermal impedance element including a high contrast grating, the first and/or second thermal impedance elements being in direct contact with the at least one semiconductor active region, and the high contrast gratings reflecting light into an optical cavity inside which the at least one semiconductor active region is located. 58. Energy transfer device according to claim 55, wherein the at least one low thermal impedance element or each thermal impedance element comprises or consists solely of diamond. 59. Energy transfer device according to claim 55, wherein the at least one or plurality of Vertical External Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers includes or includes at least one heat sink in contact with the at least one or each low thermal impedance element. 60. Energy transfer device according to claim 48, further including a plurality of pumping lasers arranged to surround an active region of one Vertical External Cavity Surface Emitting Laser or each one of the Vertical External Cavity Surface Emitting Laser to simultaneously optically pump the active layer. 61. Energy transfer device according to claim 48, further including a RF transmitter and RF receiver for communicating with the distant object. 62. Energy transfer device according to claim 61, wherein the energy transfer device is further configured to receive geographical position data of the distant object from the distant object by RF communication and to orient the energy source emission towards said received geographical position. 63. Energy transfer device according to claim 61, wherein the energy transfer device is further configured to set the emission power level of the energy source to (i) an alignment level during an alignment period in which an energy receiver of the distant object is being aligned to a beam of the energy source to permit optimal energy transfer, and (ii) an energy transfer level during which energy replenishment of the distant object is carried out. 64. Energy transfer device according to claim 48, wherein the energy transfer device is further configured to modulate the emission of the energy source during an alignment period to allow the distant object to identify the Energy transfer device. 65. Energy transfer device according to claim 48, wherein the energy transfer device is configured to displace the energy source to sweep or scan the emission beam of the energy source in a predefined zone to permit alignment of the beam with the distant object. 66. Energy transfer device according to claim 48, wherein the energy transfer device is configured to stop or block emission from the energy source in response to a safety signal received from the distant object signalling a drop in received energy below a predetermined threshold value. 67. Energy transfer device according to claim 48, further including a network communications device configured to communicate status data of the energy transfer device to a central network controller configured to coordinate energy replenishment of a fleet of distant objects. | The present invention concerns an energy transfer device for transferring replenishment energy to a distant object, the energy transfer device comprising: —an energy source, —a base configured to hold the energy source and to orient the energy source towards the distant object, wherein the energy source comprises at least one Vertical External Cavity Surface Emitting Laser.1-47. (canceled) 48. Energy transfer device for transferring replenishment energy to a distant object, the energy transfer device comprising:
an energy source, a base configured to hold the energy source and to orient the energy source towards the distant object, 49. Energy transfer device according to claim 48, wherein the base is configured to displace the energy source relative to the base to orient the energy source towards the distant object. 50. Energy transfer device according to claim 48, wherein the energy source comprises an array including a plurality of Vertical External Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers, and the base is configured to hold the energy source and to orient the energy source towards the distant object. 51. Energy transfer device according to claim 48, wherein the base includes a mobile device configured to be displaced, the at least one Vertical External Cavity Surface Emitting Laser or the plurality of Vertical External Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers being mounted directly on the mobile device being displaced with the mobile device. 52. Energy transfer device according to claim 48, wherein the at least one or plurality of Vertical External Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers comprise or comprises an external optical cavity in which is located a semiconductor active region configured to emit laser light at a first wavelength when optically pumped by a pumping laser providing laser energy at a second shorter wavelength. 53. Energy transfer device according to claim 48, wherein the at least one or plurality of Vertical External Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers is or are configured to be optically pumped for laser emission along a laser emission output axis, or at an angle to the laser emission output axis. 54. Energy transfer device according to claim 48, wherein the at least one or plurality of Vertical External Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers include or includes a semiconductor action region and an optical cavity formed by mirrors not in direct contact with the semiconductor active region and defining a space within the optical cavity. 55. Energy transfer device according to claim 48, wherein the at least one or plurality of Vertical External Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers includes or include an optical cavity, at least one semiconductor active region for emitting light inside the optical cavity and at least one low thermal impedance element for evacuating thermal energy, the at least one semiconductor active region being in direct contact with the at least one low thermal impedance element inserted inside a cavity. 56. Energy transfer device according to claim 55, wherein the at least one low thermal impedance element includes at least one high contrast grating. 57. Energy transfer device according to claim 56, including a first thermal impedance element including a high contrast grating and a second thermal impedance element including a high contrast grating, the first and/or second thermal impedance elements being in direct contact with the at least one semiconductor active region, and the high contrast gratings reflecting light into an optical cavity inside which the at least one semiconductor active region is located. 58. Energy transfer device according to claim 55, wherein the at least one low thermal impedance element or each thermal impedance element comprises or consists solely of diamond. 59. Energy transfer device according to claim 55, wherein the at least one or plurality of Vertical External Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers includes or includes at least one heat sink in contact with the at least one or each low thermal impedance element. 60. Energy transfer device according to claim 48, further including a plurality of pumping lasers arranged to surround an active region of one Vertical External Cavity Surface Emitting Laser or each one of the Vertical External Cavity Surface Emitting Laser to simultaneously optically pump the active layer. 61. Energy transfer device according to claim 48, further including a RF transmitter and RF receiver for communicating with the distant object. 62. Energy transfer device according to claim 61, wherein the energy transfer device is further configured to receive geographical position data of the distant object from the distant object by RF communication and to orient the energy source emission towards said received geographical position. 63. Energy transfer device according to claim 61, wherein the energy transfer device is further configured to set the emission power level of the energy source to (i) an alignment level during an alignment period in which an energy receiver of the distant object is being aligned to a beam of the energy source to permit optimal energy transfer, and (ii) an energy transfer level during which energy replenishment of the distant object is carried out. 64. Energy transfer device according to claim 48, wherein the energy transfer device is further configured to modulate the emission of the energy source during an alignment period to allow the distant object to identify the Energy transfer device. 65. Energy transfer device according to claim 48, wherein the energy transfer device is configured to displace the energy source to sweep or scan the emission beam of the energy source in a predefined zone to permit alignment of the beam with the distant object. 66. Energy transfer device according to claim 48, wherein the energy transfer device is configured to stop or block emission from the energy source in response to a safety signal received from the distant object signalling a drop in received energy below a predetermined threshold value. 67. Energy transfer device according to claim 48, further including a network communications device configured to communicate status data of the energy transfer device to a central network controller configured to coordinate energy replenishment of a fleet of distant objects. | 2,600 |
349,256 | 350,130 | 16,757,905 | 2,684 | A microphone array-based target voice acquisition method and device, said method comprising: receiving voice signals acquired on the basis of a microphone array (101); determining a pre-selected target voice signal and a direction thereof (102); performing strong directional gain and weak directional gain on the pre-selected target voice signal, so as to obtain a strong gain signal and a weak gain signal (103); performing an endpoint detection on the basis of the strong gain signal, so as to obtain an endpoint detection result (104); and performing endpoint processing on the weak gain signal according to the endpoint detection result, so as to obtain a final target voice signal (105). The present invention can obtain an accurate and reliable target voice signal, thereby avoiding an adverse effect of the target voice quality on subsequent target voice processing. | 1. A method for obtaining a target voice based on a microphone array, the method comprising:
receiving a voice signal collected based on the microphone array; determining a pre-selected target voice signal and a direction of the pre-selected target voice signal; performing strong directional gaining processing and weak directional gaining processing on the pre-selected target voice signal to respectively obtain a strong gained signal and a weak gained signal; performing an endpoint detection based on the strong gained signal, to obtain an endpoint detection result; and performing endpoint processing on the weak gained signal according to the endpoint detection result, to obtain a final target voice signal. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein determining the pre-selected target voice signal and the direction of the pre-selected target voice signal comprises:
determining the pre-selected target voice signal and the direction of pre-selected target voice signal through sound source localization. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein determining the pre-selected target voice signal and the direction of the pre-selected target voice signal comprises:
performing beamforming processing on the voice signal, to obtain beams in different directions; selecting, from the beams in different directions, a beam that satisfies a preset condition, and determining the target voice signal and the direction of the target voice signal based on the selected beam. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein performing the strong directional gaining processing and the weak directional gaining processing on the pre-selected target voice signal to obtain respectively the strong gained signal and the weak gained signal comprises:
setting a pickup zone angle and a transition zone angle of a strong directional gain, and a pickup zone angle and a transition zone angle of a weak directional gain, wherein the pickup zone angle of the strong directional gain is smaller than the pickup zone angle of the weak directional gain, and the transition zone angle of the strong directional gain is smaller than the transition zone angle of the weak directional gain; determining, based on the pickup zone angle and transition zone angle of the strong directional gain, the strong directional gain that is based on an azimuth angle of a sound source, and determining, based on the pickup zone angle and transition zone angle of the weak directional gain, the weak directional gain that is based on the azimuth angle of the sound source, wherein the azimuth angle of the sound source refers to an azimuth angle of the pre-selected target voice signal; and obtaining the strong gained signal and the weak gained signal according to the strong directional gain and the weak directional gain that are based on the azimuth angle of the sound source, respectively. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the pickup zone angle of the strong directional gain is smaller than an angle of a main lobe of the pre-selected target voice signal. 6. The method according to claim 4, wherein performing the strong directional gaining processing and weak directional gaining processing on the pre-selected target voice signal to respectively obtain the strong gained signal and the weak gained signal further comprises:
calculating a smooth energy ratio γ of the pre-selected target signal to an interference signal; determining a gain adjustment coefficient based on the smooth energy ratio γ, a preset high energy ratio threshold and a low energy ratio threshold; and adjusting the strong directional gain and the weak directional gain according to the gain adjustment coefficient. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein determining the gain adjustment coefficient based on the smooth energy ratio γ, the preset high energy ratio threshold and the low energy ratio threshold comprises:
setting the gain adjustment coefficient to be 1 in a case that the smooth energy ratio γ is greater than the high energy ratio threshold;
setting the gain adjustment coefficient to be K0 in a case that the smooth energy ratio γ is less than the low energy ratio threshold; and
setting the gain adjustment coefficient to be K1 in a case that the smooth energy ratio γ is greater than or equal to the low energy ratio threshold and less than or equal to the high energy ratio threshold, wherein K1>K0. 8. The method according to claim 3, further comprising:
performing self-adaptive filtering and noise reduction processing on each beam, before the pre-selected target voice signal and the direction of the pre-selected target voice signal are determined based on the beam that meets the preset condition; or performing self-adaptive filtering and noise reduction processing on the pre-selected target voice signal, after the preselected target voice signal and the direction of the preselected target voice signal are determined. 9. A device for obtaining a target voice based on a microphone array, the device comprising: a signal receiving module, a pre-selection module, a gaining processing module, an endpoint detection module, and a target voice extraction module, wherein:
the signal receiving module is configured to receive a voice signal collected based on the microphone array, and output the voice signal to the pre-selection module; the pre-selection module is configured to determine a pre-selected target voice signal and a direction of the pre-selected target voice signal; the gaining processing module is configured to perform strong directional gaining processing and weak directional gaining processing on the pre-selected target voice signal to respectively obtain a strong gained signal and a weak gained signal, output the strong gained signal to the endpoint detection module, and output the weak gained signal to the target voice extraction module; the endpoint detection module is configured to perform an endpoint detection based on the strong gained signal, and output an endpoint detection result to the target voice extraction module; and the target voice extraction module is configured to perform endpoint processing on the weak gained signal according to the endpoint detection result, to obtain a final target voice signal. 10. The device according to the claim 9, wherein the pre-selection module is configured to determine the pre-selected target voice signal and the direction of the pre-selected target voice signal through sound source localization. 11. The device according to the claim 9, wherein the pre-selection module includes:
a beamforming unit, configured to perform beamforming processing on the voice signal to obtain beams in different directions; and a determining unit, configured to select a beam that meets a preset condition from the beams in different directions obtained by the beamforming unit, and determine the pre-selected target voice signal and the direction of the pre-selected target voice signal based on the selected beam. 12. The device according to the claim 9, wherein the gaining processing module comprises:
an angle setting unit, configured to set a pickup zone angle and a transition zone angle of a strong directional gain, and a pickup zone angle and a transition zone angle of a weak directional gain, wherein the pickup zone angle of the strong directional gain is smaller than the pickup zone angle of the weak directional gain, and the transition zone angle of the strong directional gain is smaller than the transition zone angle of the weak directional gain; a gain calculation unit, configured to determine, based on the pickup zone angle and the transition zone angle of the strong directional gain, the strong directional gain that is based on an azimuth angle of a sound source and determine, based on the pickup zone angle and the transition zone angle of the weak directional gain, the weak directional gain that is based on the azimuth angle of the sound source, wherein the azimuth angle of the sound source refers to an azimuth angle of the pre-selected target voice signal; and a gained signal generation unit, configured to obtain the strong gained signal and the weak gained signal according to the strong directional gain and the weak directional gain that are based on the azimuth angle of the sound source, respectively. 13. The device according to the claim 12, wherein the pickup zone angle of the strong directional gain is smaller than an angle of a main lobe of the pre-selected target voice signal. 14. The device according to the claim 12, wherein the gaining processing module further comprises:
an energy ratio threshold setting unit, configured to set a high energy ratio threshold and a low energy ratio threshold; an energy ratio calculation unit, configured to calculate a smooth energy ratio γ of the pre-selected target signal to an interference signal; a gain adjustment coefficient determination unit, configured to determine a gain adjustment coefficient based on the smooth energy ratio γ, the high energy ratio threshold and the low energy ratio threshold; and a gain correction unit, configured to adjust the strong directional gain and the weak directional gain obtained by the gain calculation unit according to the gain adjustment coefficient. 15. The device according to the claim 8, wherein the pre-selection module further comprises:
a noise reduction unit disposed between the beamforming unit and the determining unit, and configured to perform self-adaptive filtering and noise reduction processing on each beam obtained by the beamforming unit; or; the device further comprises: a noise reduction module disposed between the pre-selection module and the gaining module, and configured to perform self-adaptive filtering and noise reduction processing on the pre-selected target voice signal determined by the pre-selection module. 16. A computer-readable storage medium, comprising computer program codes, wherein the computer program codes are executed by a computer unit to cause the computer unit to perform the steps in the method for obtaining a target voice based on a microphone array according to claim 1. 17. A device for obtaining a target voice based on a microphone array, the device comprising a processor, a memory, and a system bus, wherein:
the processor and the memory are connected to each other through the system bus; and the memory is configured to store one or more programs, and the one or more programs comprise instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform the steps in the method for obtaining a target voice based on a microphone array according to claim 1. 18. A computer program product that, when running on a terminal device, causes the terminal device to perform the steps in the method for obtaining the target voice based on a microphone array according to claim 1. | A microphone array-based target voice acquisition method and device, said method comprising: receiving voice signals acquired on the basis of a microphone array (101); determining a pre-selected target voice signal and a direction thereof (102); performing strong directional gain and weak directional gain on the pre-selected target voice signal, so as to obtain a strong gain signal and a weak gain signal (103); performing an endpoint detection on the basis of the strong gain signal, so as to obtain an endpoint detection result (104); and performing endpoint processing on the weak gain signal according to the endpoint detection result, so as to obtain a final target voice signal (105). The present invention can obtain an accurate and reliable target voice signal, thereby avoiding an adverse effect of the target voice quality on subsequent target voice processing.1. A method for obtaining a target voice based on a microphone array, the method comprising:
receiving a voice signal collected based on the microphone array; determining a pre-selected target voice signal and a direction of the pre-selected target voice signal; performing strong directional gaining processing and weak directional gaining processing on the pre-selected target voice signal to respectively obtain a strong gained signal and a weak gained signal; performing an endpoint detection based on the strong gained signal, to obtain an endpoint detection result; and performing endpoint processing on the weak gained signal according to the endpoint detection result, to obtain a final target voice signal. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein determining the pre-selected target voice signal and the direction of the pre-selected target voice signal comprises:
determining the pre-selected target voice signal and the direction of pre-selected target voice signal through sound source localization. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein determining the pre-selected target voice signal and the direction of the pre-selected target voice signal comprises:
performing beamforming processing on the voice signal, to obtain beams in different directions; selecting, from the beams in different directions, a beam that satisfies a preset condition, and determining the target voice signal and the direction of the target voice signal based on the selected beam. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein performing the strong directional gaining processing and the weak directional gaining processing on the pre-selected target voice signal to obtain respectively the strong gained signal and the weak gained signal comprises:
setting a pickup zone angle and a transition zone angle of a strong directional gain, and a pickup zone angle and a transition zone angle of a weak directional gain, wherein the pickup zone angle of the strong directional gain is smaller than the pickup zone angle of the weak directional gain, and the transition zone angle of the strong directional gain is smaller than the transition zone angle of the weak directional gain; determining, based on the pickup zone angle and transition zone angle of the strong directional gain, the strong directional gain that is based on an azimuth angle of a sound source, and determining, based on the pickup zone angle and transition zone angle of the weak directional gain, the weak directional gain that is based on the azimuth angle of the sound source, wherein the azimuth angle of the sound source refers to an azimuth angle of the pre-selected target voice signal; and obtaining the strong gained signal and the weak gained signal according to the strong directional gain and the weak directional gain that are based on the azimuth angle of the sound source, respectively. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the pickup zone angle of the strong directional gain is smaller than an angle of a main lobe of the pre-selected target voice signal. 6. The method according to claim 4, wherein performing the strong directional gaining processing and weak directional gaining processing on the pre-selected target voice signal to respectively obtain the strong gained signal and the weak gained signal further comprises:
calculating a smooth energy ratio γ of the pre-selected target signal to an interference signal; determining a gain adjustment coefficient based on the smooth energy ratio γ, a preset high energy ratio threshold and a low energy ratio threshold; and adjusting the strong directional gain and the weak directional gain according to the gain adjustment coefficient. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein determining the gain adjustment coefficient based on the smooth energy ratio γ, the preset high energy ratio threshold and the low energy ratio threshold comprises:
setting the gain adjustment coefficient to be 1 in a case that the smooth energy ratio γ is greater than the high energy ratio threshold;
setting the gain adjustment coefficient to be K0 in a case that the smooth energy ratio γ is less than the low energy ratio threshold; and
setting the gain adjustment coefficient to be K1 in a case that the smooth energy ratio γ is greater than or equal to the low energy ratio threshold and less than or equal to the high energy ratio threshold, wherein K1>K0. 8. The method according to claim 3, further comprising:
performing self-adaptive filtering and noise reduction processing on each beam, before the pre-selected target voice signal and the direction of the pre-selected target voice signal are determined based on the beam that meets the preset condition; or performing self-adaptive filtering and noise reduction processing on the pre-selected target voice signal, after the preselected target voice signal and the direction of the preselected target voice signal are determined. 9. A device for obtaining a target voice based on a microphone array, the device comprising: a signal receiving module, a pre-selection module, a gaining processing module, an endpoint detection module, and a target voice extraction module, wherein:
the signal receiving module is configured to receive a voice signal collected based on the microphone array, and output the voice signal to the pre-selection module; the pre-selection module is configured to determine a pre-selected target voice signal and a direction of the pre-selected target voice signal; the gaining processing module is configured to perform strong directional gaining processing and weak directional gaining processing on the pre-selected target voice signal to respectively obtain a strong gained signal and a weak gained signal, output the strong gained signal to the endpoint detection module, and output the weak gained signal to the target voice extraction module; the endpoint detection module is configured to perform an endpoint detection based on the strong gained signal, and output an endpoint detection result to the target voice extraction module; and the target voice extraction module is configured to perform endpoint processing on the weak gained signal according to the endpoint detection result, to obtain a final target voice signal. 10. The device according to the claim 9, wherein the pre-selection module is configured to determine the pre-selected target voice signal and the direction of the pre-selected target voice signal through sound source localization. 11. The device according to the claim 9, wherein the pre-selection module includes:
a beamforming unit, configured to perform beamforming processing on the voice signal to obtain beams in different directions; and a determining unit, configured to select a beam that meets a preset condition from the beams in different directions obtained by the beamforming unit, and determine the pre-selected target voice signal and the direction of the pre-selected target voice signal based on the selected beam. 12. The device according to the claim 9, wherein the gaining processing module comprises:
an angle setting unit, configured to set a pickup zone angle and a transition zone angle of a strong directional gain, and a pickup zone angle and a transition zone angle of a weak directional gain, wherein the pickup zone angle of the strong directional gain is smaller than the pickup zone angle of the weak directional gain, and the transition zone angle of the strong directional gain is smaller than the transition zone angle of the weak directional gain; a gain calculation unit, configured to determine, based on the pickup zone angle and the transition zone angle of the strong directional gain, the strong directional gain that is based on an azimuth angle of a sound source and determine, based on the pickup zone angle and the transition zone angle of the weak directional gain, the weak directional gain that is based on the azimuth angle of the sound source, wherein the azimuth angle of the sound source refers to an azimuth angle of the pre-selected target voice signal; and a gained signal generation unit, configured to obtain the strong gained signal and the weak gained signal according to the strong directional gain and the weak directional gain that are based on the azimuth angle of the sound source, respectively. 13. The device according to the claim 12, wherein the pickup zone angle of the strong directional gain is smaller than an angle of a main lobe of the pre-selected target voice signal. 14. The device according to the claim 12, wherein the gaining processing module further comprises:
an energy ratio threshold setting unit, configured to set a high energy ratio threshold and a low energy ratio threshold; an energy ratio calculation unit, configured to calculate a smooth energy ratio γ of the pre-selected target signal to an interference signal; a gain adjustment coefficient determination unit, configured to determine a gain adjustment coefficient based on the smooth energy ratio γ, the high energy ratio threshold and the low energy ratio threshold; and a gain correction unit, configured to adjust the strong directional gain and the weak directional gain obtained by the gain calculation unit according to the gain adjustment coefficient. 15. The device according to the claim 8, wherein the pre-selection module further comprises:
a noise reduction unit disposed between the beamforming unit and the determining unit, and configured to perform self-adaptive filtering and noise reduction processing on each beam obtained by the beamforming unit; or; the device further comprises: a noise reduction module disposed between the pre-selection module and the gaining module, and configured to perform self-adaptive filtering and noise reduction processing on the pre-selected target voice signal determined by the pre-selection module. 16. A computer-readable storage medium, comprising computer program codes, wherein the computer program codes are executed by a computer unit to cause the computer unit to perform the steps in the method for obtaining a target voice based on a microphone array according to claim 1. 17. A device for obtaining a target voice based on a microphone array, the device comprising a processor, a memory, and a system bus, wherein:
the processor and the memory are connected to each other through the system bus; and the memory is configured to store one or more programs, and the one or more programs comprise instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform the steps in the method for obtaining a target voice based on a microphone array according to claim 1. 18. A computer program product that, when running on a terminal device, causes the terminal device to perform the steps in the method for obtaining the target voice based on a microphone array according to claim 1. | 2,600 |
349,257 | 350,131 | 16,757,849 | 2,684 | Shielding devices can be used during medical procedures. For example, this document describes drape-like devices that can be attached to an endoscope shaft, to a primary drape, or directly to the patient. The drape-like devices promote patient privacy during procedures that access the patient's body orifices. Garments are also described that promote patient privacy and patient protection during procedures, examinations, medical events like childbirth that involve access the patient's body orifices such as urogenital and anal orifices. | 1. A modular medical privacy garment, comprising:
a modular base garment with a waistband and two leg holes, the base garment defining an opening; and a modular component that is attachable to the base garment to cover the opening, the modular component defining one or more openings. 2. The modular medical privacy garment of claim 1, further comprising:
an aseptic preparation kit that is integrated with the base garment; and a cleanup kit that is integrated with the base garment. 3. The modular medical privacy garment of claim 1, wherein the modular component is shaped like a box. 4. The modular medical privacy garment of claim 3, wherein a peripheral wall of the box is pleated to allow extension and retraction of the box. 5. The modular medical privacy garment of claim 1, wherein the opening is located in an anterior region of the base garment. 6. The modular medical privacy garment of claim 1, wherein the opening is located in a posterior region of the base garment. 7. A shielding device adapted for use during a medical procedure, the shielding device comprising:
a shield body defining a proximal opening and a distal opening; and an attachment area coupled to the shield body near the distal opening, the attachment area configured for releasably attaching the shielding device to a drape or gown. 8. The shielding device of claim 7, wherein the shield body is conical or frustoconical. 9. The shielding device of claim 7, wherein the shield body is cylindrical. 10. The shielding device of claim 7, further comprising a mechanism for selectively closing the proximal opening. 11. The shielding device of claim 7, wherein the attachment area comprises an adhesive. 12. A shielding device adapted for use during a medical procedure, the shielding device comprising:
a shield body defining a proximal opening and a distal opening; an attachment mechanism disposed at the proximal opening, the attachment mechanism operable to releasably couple the shielding device to a shaft of a medical instrument; and an attachment area coupled to the shield body near the distal opening. 13. The shielding device of claim 12, wherein the shield body is conical or frustoconical. 14. The shielding device of claim 12, wherein the shield body includes contoured lateral cut-outs. 15. The shielding device of claim 12, further comprising an umbrella mechanism attached to the shield body to make the shielding device radially expandable and retractable. 16. The shielding device of claim 12, wherein the shield body is circular. 17. The shielding device of claim 16, wherein the shield body comprises a plurality of generally triangular portions that slide with respect to each other like a fan. | Shielding devices can be used during medical procedures. For example, this document describes drape-like devices that can be attached to an endoscope shaft, to a primary drape, or directly to the patient. The drape-like devices promote patient privacy during procedures that access the patient's body orifices. Garments are also described that promote patient privacy and patient protection during procedures, examinations, medical events like childbirth that involve access the patient's body orifices such as urogenital and anal orifices.1. A modular medical privacy garment, comprising:
a modular base garment with a waistband and two leg holes, the base garment defining an opening; and a modular component that is attachable to the base garment to cover the opening, the modular component defining one or more openings. 2. The modular medical privacy garment of claim 1, further comprising:
an aseptic preparation kit that is integrated with the base garment; and a cleanup kit that is integrated with the base garment. 3. The modular medical privacy garment of claim 1, wherein the modular component is shaped like a box. 4. The modular medical privacy garment of claim 3, wherein a peripheral wall of the box is pleated to allow extension and retraction of the box. 5. The modular medical privacy garment of claim 1, wherein the opening is located in an anterior region of the base garment. 6. The modular medical privacy garment of claim 1, wherein the opening is located in a posterior region of the base garment. 7. A shielding device adapted for use during a medical procedure, the shielding device comprising:
a shield body defining a proximal opening and a distal opening; and an attachment area coupled to the shield body near the distal opening, the attachment area configured for releasably attaching the shielding device to a drape or gown. 8. The shielding device of claim 7, wherein the shield body is conical or frustoconical. 9. The shielding device of claim 7, wherein the shield body is cylindrical. 10. The shielding device of claim 7, further comprising a mechanism for selectively closing the proximal opening. 11. The shielding device of claim 7, wherein the attachment area comprises an adhesive. 12. A shielding device adapted for use during a medical procedure, the shielding device comprising:
a shield body defining a proximal opening and a distal opening; an attachment mechanism disposed at the proximal opening, the attachment mechanism operable to releasably couple the shielding device to a shaft of a medical instrument; and an attachment area coupled to the shield body near the distal opening. 13. The shielding device of claim 12, wherein the shield body is conical or frustoconical. 14. The shielding device of claim 12, wherein the shield body includes contoured lateral cut-outs. 15. The shielding device of claim 12, further comprising an umbrella mechanism attached to the shield body to make the shielding device radially expandable and retractable. 16. The shielding device of claim 12, wherein the shield body is circular. 17. The shielding device of claim 16, wherein the shield body comprises a plurality of generally triangular portions that slide with respect to each other like a fan. | 2,600 |
349,258 | 350,132 | 16,757,908 | 2,684 | The present disclosure provides an organic light emitting diode (OLED) substrate and a manufacturing method thereof, and a display device. The OLED substrate includes: a base substrate; a pixel defining layer on the base substrate, the pixel defining layer including pixel defining patterns for defining sub-pixel units, each sub-pixel unit being defined between adjacent two of the pixel defining patterns; and an organic light emitting layer on a side of the pixel defining layer away from the base substrate, the organic light emitting layer including a first portion in each sub-pixel unit and a second portion on each pixel defining pattern. Each pixel defining pattern is provided with a groove structure therein, and part of the second portion of the organic light emitting layer in the groove structure and the other part of the second portion of the organic light emitting layer are spaced apart from each other. | 1. An organic light emitting diode (OLED) substrate, comprising:
a base substrate; a pixel defining layer on the base substrate, the pixel defining layer comprising a plurality of pixel defining patterns for defining a plurality of sub-pixel units, each of the plurality of sub-pixel units being defined between adjacent two of the plurality of pixel defining patterns; and an organic light emitting layer on a side of the pixel defining layer away from the base substrate, the organic light emitting layer comprising a first portion in each sub-pixel unit and a second portion on each pixel defining pattern, wherein each pixel defining pattern is provided with a groove structure therein, and part of the second portion of the organic light emitting layer in the groove structure and the other part of the second portion of the organic light emitting layer are spaced apart from each other. 2. The OLED substrate of claim 1, wherein the groove structure has a depth in a range of 1.0 micrometer to 1.5 micrometers. 3. The OLED substrate of claim 1, wherein the groove structure has a width in a range of 4.0 micrometers to 6.0 micrometers. 4. The OLED substrate of claim 1, wherein an included angle between a bottom wall and a side wall of the groove structure is less than or equal to 90 degrees. 5. The OLED substrate of claim 1, wherein a cross-section of the groove structure in a plane perpendicular to the base substrate and perpendicular to an extending direction of the groove structure has an arc shape, and an arc angle of the arc shape is greater than 180 degrees. 6. The OLED substrate of claim 1, further comprising: a thin film pattern that is on a side of an edge area of each pixel defining pattern away from the base substrate, extends from the edge area to an area where the groove structure of the pixel defining pattern is located and covers a portion of an opening of the groove structure, the edge area being an area of the pixel defining pattern except the area where the groove structure is located,
wherein the thin film pattern is on a side of the second portion of the organic light emitting layer close to the base substrate. 7. The OLED substrate of claim 6, wherein the first portion of the organic light emitting layer extends to the area where the groove structure of the pixel defining pattern is located, and covers the portion of the opening of the groove structure. 8. The OLED substrate of claim 6, wherein the edge area of the pixel defining pattern at both sides of the groove structure is provided with the thin film pattern, and the thin film pattern at both sides of the groove structure each cover a portion of the opening of the groove structure. 9. The OLED substrate of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of first electrodes, each of the plurality of sub-pixel units being provided with a respective one of the plurality of first electrodes therein, and the plurality of first electrodes being on a side of the organic light emitting layer close to the base substrate. 10. The OLED substrate of claim 1, wherein the groove structure is provided with a filling layer therein, and a height of an upper surface of the filling layer relative to an upper surface of the base substrate is equal to a height of an upper surface of the first portion of the organic light emitting layer relative to the upper surface of the base substrate. 11. The OLED substrate of claim 10, further comprising: a second electrode on a side of the filling layer and the organic light emitting layer away from the base substrate and covering the filling layer and the organic light emitting layer. 12. The OLED substrate of claim 1, wherein the sub-pixel units comprise at least one of red sub-pixels, green sub-pixels, and blue sub-pixels. 13. The OLED substrate of claim 1, wherein the organic light emitting layer comprises a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron barrier layer, a hole barrier layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer. 14. A display device, comprising the OLED substrate of claim 1. 15. A manufacturing method of an organic light emitting diode (OLED) substrate, comprising:
providing a base substrate; forming a pixel defining layer on the base substrate, the pixel defining layer comprising a plurality of pixel defining patterns for defining a plurality of sub-pixel units, each of the plurality of sub-pixel units being defined between adjacent two of the plurality of pixel defining patterns; forming a groove structure in each pixel defining pattern; and forming an organic light emitting layer on a side of the pixel defining patterns away from the base substrate, wherein the organic light emitting layer comprises a first portion in each sub-pixel unit and a second portion on each pixel defining pattern, part of the second portion of the organic light emitting layer in the groove structure and the other part of the second portion of the organic light emitting layer are spaced apart from each other. 16. The manufacturing method of claim 15, further comprising:
forming a plurality of first electrodes, each of the plurality of first electrodes being in a corresponding one of the plurality of sub-pixel units, the plurality of first electrodes being formed on a side of the organic light emitting layer close to the base substrate. 17. The manufacturing method of claim 15, further comprising:
forming a filling layer in the groove structure, a height of an upper surface of the filling layer relative to an upper surface of the base substrate being equal to a height of an upper surface of the first portion of the organic light emitting layer relative to the upper surface of the base substrate. 18. The manufacturing method of claim 17, further comprising:
forming a second electrode on a side of the organic light emitting layer away from the base substrate, the second electrode covering the filling layer and the organic light emitting layer. 19. The manufacturing method of claim 17, wherein the filling layer is formed by an inkjet printing. 20. The manufacturing method of claim 15, further comprising:
forming a thin film pattern on a side of an edge area of each pixel defining pattern away from the base substrate, the thin film pattern extending from the edge area to an area where the groove structure of the pixel defining pattern is located, and covering a portion of an opening of the groove structure, the edge area being an area of the pixel defining pattern except the area where the groove structure is located, wherein the thin film pattern is on a side of the second portion of the organic light emitting layer close to the base substrate. | The present disclosure provides an organic light emitting diode (OLED) substrate and a manufacturing method thereof, and a display device. The OLED substrate includes: a base substrate; a pixel defining layer on the base substrate, the pixel defining layer including pixel defining patterns for defining sub-pixel units, each sub-pixel unit being defined between adjacent two of the pixel defining patterns; and an organic light emitting layer on a side of the pixel defining layer away from the base substrate, the organic light emitting layer including a first portion in each sub-pixel unit and a second portion on each pixel defining pattern. Each pixel defining pattern is provided with a groove structure therein, and part of the second portion of the organic light emitting layer in the groove structure and the other part of the second portion of the organic light emitting layer are spaced apart from each other.1. An organic light emitting diode (OLED) substrate, comprising:
a base substrate; a pixel defining layer on the base substrate, the pixel defining layer comprising a plurality of pixel defining patterns for defining a plurality of sub-pixel units, each of the plurality of sub-pixel units being defined between adjacent two of the plurality of pixel defining patterns; and an organic light emitting layer on a side of the pixel defining layer away from the base substrate, the organic light emitting layer comprising a first portion in each sub-pixel unit and a second portion on each pixel defining pattern, wherein each pixel defining pattern is provided with a groove structure therein, and part of the second portion of the organic light emitting layer in the groove structure and the other part of the second portion of the organic light emitting layer are spaced apart from each other. 2. The OLED substrate of claim 1, wherein the groove structure has a depth in a range of 1.0 micrometer to 1.5 micrometers. 3. The OLED substrate of claim 1, wherein the groove structure has a width in a range of 4.0 micrometers to 6.0 micrometers. 4. The OLED substrate of claim 1, wherein an included angle between a bottom wall and a side wall of the groove structure is less than or equal to 90 degrees. 5. The OLED substrate of claim 1, wherein a cross-section of the groove structure in a plane perpendicular to the base substrate and perpendicular to an extending direction of the groove structure has an arc shape, and an arc angle of the arc shape is greater than 180 degrees. 6. The OLED substrate of claim 1, further comprising: a thin film pattern that is on a side of an edge area of each pixel defining pattern away from the base substrate, extends from the edge area to an area where the groove structure of the pixel defining pattern is located and covers a portion of an opening of the groove structure, the edge area being an area of the pixel defining pattern except the area where the groove structure is located,
wherein the thin film pattern is on a side of the second portion of the organic light emitting layer close to the base substrate. 7. The OLED substrate of claim 6, wherein the first portion of the organic light emitting layer extends to the area where the groove structure of the pixel defining pattern is located, and covers the portion of the opening of the groove structure. 8. The OLED substrate of claim 6, wherein the edge area of the pixel defining pattern at both sides of the groove structure is provided with the thin film pattern, and the thin film pattern at both sides of the groove structure each cover a portion of the opening of the groove structure. 9. The OLED substrate of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of first electrodes, each of the plurality of sub-pixel units being provided with a respective one of the plurality of first electrodes therein, and the plurality of first electrodes being on a side of the organic light emitting layer close to the base substrate. 10. The OLED substrate of claim 1, wherein the groove structure is provided with a filling layer therein, and a height of an upper surface of the filling layer relative to an upper surface of the base substrate is equal to a height of an upper surface of the first portion of the organic light emitting layer relative to the upper surface of the base substrate. 11. The OLED substrate of claim 10, further comprising: a second electrode on a side of the filling layer and the organic light emitting layer away from the base substrate and covering the filling layer and the organic light emitting layer. 12. The OLED substrate of claim 1, wherein the sub-pixel units comprise at least one of red sub-pixels, green sub-pixels, and blue sub-pixels. 13. The OLED substrate of claim 1, wherein the organic light emitting layer comprises a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron barrier layer, a hole barrier layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer. 14. A display device, comprising the OLED substrate of claim 1. 15. A manufacturing method of an organic light emitting diode (OLED) substrate, comprising:
providing a base substrate; forming a pixel defining layer on the base substrate, the pixel defining layer comprising a plurality of pixel defining patterns for defining a plurality of sub-pixel units, each of the plurality of sub-pixel units being defined between adjacent two of the plurality of pixel defining patterns; forming a groove structure in each pixel defining pattern; and forming an organic light emitting layer on a side of the pixel defining patterns away from the base substrate, wherein the organic light emitting layer comprises a first portion in each sub-pixel unit and a second portion on each pixel defining pattern, part of the second portion of the organic light emitting layer in the groove structure and the other part of the second portion of the organic light emitting layer are spaced apart from each other. 16. The manufacturing method of claim 15, further comprising:
forming a plurality of first electrodes, each of the plurality of first electrodes being in a corresponding one of the plurality of sub-pixel units, the plurality of first electrodes being formed on a side of the organic light emitting layer close to the base substrate. 17. The manufacturing method of claim 15, further comprising:
forming a filling layer in the groove structure, a height of an upper surface of the filling layer relative to an upper surface of the base substrate being equal to a height of an upper surface of the first portion of the organic light emitting layer relative to the upper surface of the base substrate. 18. The manufacturing method of claim 17, further comprising:
forming a second electrode on a side of the organic light emitting layer away from the base substrate, the second electrode covering the filling layer and the organic light emitting layer. 19. The manufacturing method of claim 17, wherein the filling layer is formed by an inkjet printing. 20. The manufacturing method of claim 15, further comprising:
forming a thin film pattern on a side of an edge area of each pixel defining pattern away from the base substrate, the thin film pattern extending from the edge area to an area where the groove structure of the pixel defining pattern is located, and covering a portion of an opening of the groove structure, the edge area being an area of the pixel defining pattern except the area where the groove structure is located, wherein the thin film pattern is on a side of the second portion of the organic light emitting layer close to the base substrate. | 2,600 |
349,259 | 350,133 | 16,757,892 | 2,675 | A target voice detection method and a target voice detection apparatus are provided. The method includes: receiving sound signals collected by a microphone array; performing a beamforming process on the sound signals to obtain beams in different directions; extracting a detection feature of each frame based on the sound signals and the beams in different directions; inputting an extracted detection feature of a current frame into a pre-constructed target voice detection model to obtain a model output result; and obtaining a target voice detection result of the current frame based on the model output result. | 1. A target voice detection method, comprising:
receiving sound signals collected by a microphone array; performing a beamforming process on the sound signals to obtain beams in different directions; extracting a detection feature of each frame based on the sound signals and the beams in different directions; inputting an extracted detection feature of a current frame into a pre-constructed target voice detection model to obtain a model output result; and obtaining a target voice detection result of the current frame based on the model output result. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein a process of constructing the target voice detection model comprises:
determining a topological structure of the target voice detection model; generating training data based on a clean voice and a simulated noise, and generating labeling information by labeling a target voice in the training data; extracting a detection feature of the training data; and obtaining parameters of the target voice detection model by performing training based on the detection feature and the labeling information. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the target voice detection model is one of a classification model or a regression model, and an output of the target voice detection model is one of an ideal binary mask or an ideal ratio mask for each frequency point of the current frame. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the detection feature comprises space dimension information, frequency dimension information, and time dimension information. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the extracting a detection feature of each frame based on the sound signals and the beams in different directions comprises:
concatenating the sound signals collected by the microphone array and beam signals at each frequency point of each frame to obtain a multi-dimensional space vector; calculating a modulus of each element in the multi-dimensional space vector, and then concatenating moduli for all frequency points of each frame to obtain a multi-dimensional frequency vector containing space information; and performing frame expansion on the multi-dimensional frequency vector containing space information to obtain a multi-dimensional time vector containing space information and frequency information. 6. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
performing target voice detection based on an intensity difference to obtain an intensity difference-based detection result; wherein determining whether the current frame is a target voice frame based on the model output result comprises: fusing the intensity difference-based detection result and the model output result to obtain the target voice detection result of the current frame. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the performing target voice detection based on an intensity difference to obtain an intensity difference-based detection result comprises:
obtaining a voice reference signal and a noise reference signal based on the beams in different directions; calculating a power of the voice reference signal and a power of the noise reference signal; calculating a power ratio of the power of the voice reference signal to the power of the noise reference signal; and obtaining the intensity difference-based detection result based on the power ratio. 8. A target voice detection apparatus, comprising: a signal receiving module, a beamforming module, a detection feature extracting module, a first detecting module, and a detection result outputting module, wherein
the signal receiving module is configured to receive sound signals collected by a microphone array and output the sound signals to the beamforming module, the beamforming module is configured to perform a beamforming process on the inputted sound signals to obtain beams in different directions, an input of the detection feature extracting module is connected to an output of the signal receiving module and an output of the beamforming module, and the detection feature extracting module is configured to extract a detection feature of each frame based on the sound signals and the beams in different directions, and output the extracted detection feature to the first detecting module, the first detecting module is configured to input a detection feature of a current frame extracted by the detection feature extracting module into a pre-constructed target voice detection model to obtain a model output result, and send the model output result to the detection result outputting module, and the detection result outputting module is configured to obtain a target voice detection result of the current frame based on the model output result. 9. The apparatus according to claim 8, further comprising: a model constructing module configured to construct the target voice detection model, wherein
the model constructing module comprises: a structure design unit, configured to determine a topological structure of the target voice detection model, a training data processing unit, configured to generate training data based on a clean voice and a simulated noise and generate labeling information by labeling a target voice in the training data, a feature extraction unit, configured to extract a detection feature of the training data, and a training unit, configured to obtain parameters of the target voice detection model by performing training based on the detection feature and the labeling information. 10. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the target voice detection model is one of a classification model or a regression model. 11. The apparatus according to any claim 8, further comprising:
a second detecting module, having an input connected to an output of the beamforming module, configured to perform target voice detection based on an intensity difference to obtain an intensity difference-based detection result and send the intensity difference-based detection result to the detection result outputting module, wherein the detection result outputting module is configured to fuse the intensity difference-based detection result and the model output result to obtain the target voice detection result of the current frame. 12. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the second detecting module comprises:
a reference signal obtaining unit, configured to obtain a voice reference signal and a noise reference signal based on the beams in different directions; a calculation unit, configured to calculate a power of the voice reference signal and a power of the noise reference signal and calculate a power ratio of the power of the voice reference signal to the power of the noise reference signal; and a detection result unit, configured to obtain the intensity difference-based detection result based on the power ratio. 13. A computer readable storage medium comprising computer program codes, wherein the computer program codes, when executed by a computer unit, cause the computer unit to perform the target voice detection method according to claim 1. 14. A target voice detection device, comprising: a processor, a memory, and a system bus, wherein
the processor and the memory are connected via the system bus; the memory stores one or more programs, wherein the one or more programs comprise instructions, and the instructions, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform the method according to claim 1. 15. A computer program product, when executed on a terminal device, causing the terminal device to perform the method according to claim 1. | A target voice detection method and a target voice detection apparatus are provided. The method includes: receiving sound signals collected by a microphone array; performing a beamforming process on the sound signals to obtain beams in different directions; extracting a detection feature of each frame based on the sound signals and the beams in different directions; inputting an extracted detection feature of a current frame into a pre-constructed target voice detection model to obtain a model output result; and obtaining a target voice detection result of the current frame based on the model output result.1. A target voice detection method, comprising:
receiving sound signals collected by a microphone array; performing a beamforming process on the sound signals to obtain beams in different directions; extracting a detection feature of each frame based on the sound signals and the beams in different directions; inputting an extracted detection feature of a current frame into a pre-constructed target voice detection model to obtain a model output result; and obtaining a target voice detection result of the current frame based on the model output result. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein a process of constructing the target voice detection model comprises:
determining a topological structure of the target voice detection model; generating training data based on a clean voice and a simulated noise, and generating labeling information by labeling a target voice in the training data; extracting a detection feature of the training data; and obtaining parameters of the target voice detection model by performing training based on the detection feature and the labeling information. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the target voice detection model is one of a classification model or a regression model, and an output of the target voice detection model is one of an ideal binary mask or an ideal ratio mask for each frequency point of the current frame. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the detection feature comprises space dimension information, frequency dimension information, and time dimension information. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the extracting a detection feature of each frame based on the sound signals and the beams in different directions comprises:
concatenating the sound signals collected by the microphone array and beam signals at each frequency point of each frame to obtain a multi-dimensional space vector; calculating a modulus of each element in the multi-dimensional space vector, and then concatenating moduli for all frequency points of each frame to obtain a multi-dimensional frequency vector containing space information; and performing frame expansion on the multi-dimensional frequency vector containing space information to obtain a multi-dimensional time vector containing space information and frequency information. 6. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
performing target voice detection based on an intensity difference to obtain an intensity difference-based detection result; wherein determining whether the current frame is a target voice frame based on the model output result comprises: fusing the intensity difference-based detection result and the model output result to obtain the target voice detection result of the current frame. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the performing target voice detection based on an intensity difference to obtain an intensity difference-based detection result comprises:
obtaining a voice reference signal and a noise reference signal based on the beams in different directions; calculating a power of the voice reference signal and a power of the noise reference signal; calculating a power ratio of the power of the voice reference signal to the power of the noise reference signal; and obtaining the intensity difference-based detection result based on the power ratio. 8. A target voice detection apparatus, comprising: a signal receiving module, a beamforming module, a detection feature extracting module, a first detecting module, and a detection result outputting module, wherein
the signal receiving module is configured to receive sound signals collected by a microphone array and output the sound signals to the beamforming module, the beamforming module is configured to perform a beamforming process on the inputted sound signals to obtain beams in different directions, an input of the detection feature extracting module is connected to an output of the signal receiving module and an output of the beamforming module, and the detection feature extracting module is configured to extract a detection feature of each frame based on the sound signals and the beams in different directions, and output the extracted detection feature to the first detecting module, the first detecting module is configured to input a detection feature of a current frame extracted by the detection feature extracting module into a pre-constructed target voice detection model to obtain a model output result, and send the model output result to the detection result outputting module, and the detection result outputting module is configured to obtain a target voice detection result of the current frame based on the model output result. 9. The apparatus according to claim 8, further comprising: a model constructing module configured to construct the target voice detection model, wherein
the model constructing module comprises: a structure design unit, configured to determine a topological structure of the target voice detection model, a training data processing unit, configured to generate training data based on a clean voice and a simulated noise and generate labeling information by labeling a target voice in the training data, a feature extraction unit, configured to extract a detection feature of the training data, and a training unit, configured to obtain parameters of the target voice detection model by performing training based on the detection feature and the labeling information. 10. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the target voice detection model is one of a classification model or a regression model. 11. The apparatus according to any claim 8, further comprising:
a second detecting module, having an input connected to an output of the beamforming module, configured to perform target voice detection based on an intensity difference to obtain an intensity difference-based detection result and send the intensity difference-based detection result to the detection result outputting module, wherein the detection result outputting module is configured to fuse the intensity difference-based detection result and the model output result to obtain the target voice detection result of the current frame. 12. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the second detecting module comprises:
a reference signal obtaining unit, configured to obtain a voice reference signal and a noise reference signal based on the beams in different directions; a calculation unit, configured to calculate a power of the voice reference signal and a power of the noise reference signal and calculate a power ratio of the power of the voice reference signal to the power of the noise reference signal; and a detection result unit, configured to obtain the intensity difference-based detection result based on the power ratio. 13. A computer readable storage medium comprising computer program codes, wherein the computer program codes, when executed by a computer unit, cause the computer unit to perform the target voice detection method according to claim 1. 14. A target voice detection device, comprising: a processor, a memory, and a system bus, wherein
the processor and the memory are connected via the system bus; the memory stores one or more programs, wherein the one or more programs comprise instructions, and the instructions, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform the method according to claim 1. 15. A computer program product, when executed on a terminal device, causing the terminal device to perform the method according to claim 1. | 2,600 |
349,260 | 350,134 | 16,757,899 | 2,675 | Provided is a carbonaceous material for a negative electrode active material additive for a lithium secondary battery, which has Dv50 of 6 μm or less and Dn50 of 1 μm or less. According to the carbonaceous material for a negative electrode active material additive for a lithium secondary battery of an embodiment of the present invention, since lithium ions may be rapidly adsorbed to and desorbed from a negative electrode adopting the carbonaceous material, output characteristics of a lithium secondary battery including the carbonaceous material are improved, and since a decrease in a capacity is small even when repeatedly charged and discharged, life characteristics are excellent. | 1. A carbonaceous material for a negative electrode active material additive for a lithium secondary battery having Dv50 of 6 μm or less and Dn50 of 1 μm or less,
wherein Dv50 refers to a particle diameter when a cumulative volume is at 50% from a small diameter in a particle size distribution measurement by a laser scattering method, and Dn50 refers to a particle diameter when a cumulative number of particles is at 50% from a small particle diameter in a particle size distribution measurement by a laser scattering method. 2. The carbonaceous material of claim 1, wherein the carbonaceous material has Dv10 of 2.2 μm or less and Dn10 of 0.6 μm or less,
in which Dv10 refers to a particle diameter when a cumulative volume is at 10% from a small diameter in a particle size distribution measurement by a laser scattering method, and Dn10 refers to a particle diameter when a cumulative number of particles is at 10% from a small particle diameter in a particle size distribution measurement by a laser scattering method. 3. The carbonaceous material of claim 1, wherein the carbonaceous material has Dv90 of 11 μm or less and Dn90 of 3 μm or less,
in which Dv90 refers to a particle diameter when a cumulative volume is at 90% from a small diameter in a particle size distribution measurement by a laser scattering method, and Dn90 refers to a particle diameter when a cumulative number of particles is at 90% from a small particle diameter in a particle size distribution measurement by a laser scattering method. 4. The carbonaceous material of claim 1, wherein the carbonaceous material has a BET specific surface area of 3 m2/g or more and 10 m2/g or less. 5. The carbonaceous material of claim 1, wherein the carbonaceous material has a (002) average layer spacing (d(002)) of 3.4 Å or more and 4.0 Å or less as determined by an X-ray diffraction method. 6. The carbonaceous material of claim 1, wherein the carbonaceous material has a crystallite diameter in a direction of a C-axis, Lc (002) of 0.8 nm or more and 2 nm or less. 7. The carbonaceous material of claim 1, wherein the carbonaceous material is added to a carbon-based negative electrode active material, and an addition amount of the carbonaceous material is 5 wt % or less with respect to 100 wt % of a total amount of the carbon-based negative electrode active material and the carbonaceous material. 8. The carbonaceous material of claim 1, wherein the carbonaceous material includes a carbide obtained by heat-treating a polyurethane resin containing 150 parts by weight or more and 240 parts by weight or less of an isocyanate with respect to 100 parts by weight of a polyol, under an inert gas atmosphere to carbonize the polyurethane resin. 9. The carbonaceous material of claim 8, wherein the polyol is any one or two or more selected from the group consisting of a polyether-based polyol, a polyester-based polyol, a polytetramethylene ether glycol polyol, a poly Harnstoff dispersion (PHD) polyol, an amine-modified polyol, a Mannich polyol, and mixtures thereof. 10. The carbonaceous material of claim 8, wherein the isocyanate is any one or two or more selected from the group consisting of hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), 4,4′-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate (H12MDI), polyethylene polyphenyl diisocyanate, toluene diisocyanate (TDI), 2,2′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (2,2′-MDI), 2,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (2,4′-MDI), 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (4,4′-MDI, monomeric MDI), polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate (polymeric MDI), orthotoluidine diisocyanate (TODI), naphthalene diisocyanate (NDI), xylene diisocyanate (XDI), lysine diisocyanate (LDI), and triphenylmethane triisocyanate (TPTI). | Provided is a carbonaceous material for a negative electrode active material additive for a lithium secondary battery, which has Dv50 of 6 μm or less and Dn50 of 1 μm or less. According to the carbonaceous material for a negative electrode active material additive for a lithium secondary battery of an embodiment of the present invention, since lithium ions may be rapidly adsorbed to and desorbed from a negative electrode adopting the carbonaceous material, output characteristics of a lithium secondary battery including the carbonaceous material are improved, and since a decrease in a capacity is small even when repeatedly charged and discharged, life characteristics are excellent.1. A carbonaceous material for a negative electrode active material additive for a lithium secondary battery having Dv50 of 6 μm or less and Dn50 of 1 μm or less,
wherein Dv50 refers to a particle diameter when a cumulative volume is at 50% from a small diameter in a particle size distribution measurement by a laser scattering method, and Dn50 refers to a particle diameter when a cumulative number of particles is at 50% from a small particle diameter in a particle size distribution measurement by a laser scattering method. 2. The carbonaceous material of claim 1, wherein the carbonaceous material has Dv10 of 2.2 μm or less and Dn10 of 0.6 μm or less,
in which Dv10 refers to a particle diameter when a cumulative volume is at 10% from a small diameter in a particle size distribution measurement by a laser scattering method, and Dn10 refers to a particle diameter when a cumulative number of particles is at 10% from a small particle diameter in a particle size distribution measurement by a laser scattering method. 3. The carbonaceous material of claim 1, wherein the carbonaceous material has Dv90 of 11 μm or less and Dn90 of 3 μm or less,
in which Dv90 refers to a particle diameter when a cumulative volume is at 90% from a small diameter in a particle size distribution measurement by a laser scattering method, and Dn90 refers to a particle diameter when a cumulative number of particles is at 90% from a small particle diameter in a particle size distribution measurement by a laser scattering method. 4. The carbonaceous material of claim 1, wherein the carbonaceous material has a BET specific surface area of 3 m2/g or more and 10 m2/g or less. 5. The carbonaceous material of claim 1, wherein the carbonaceous material has a (002) average layer spacing (d(002)) of 3.4 Å or more and 4.0 Å or less as determined by an X-ray diffraction method. 6. The carbonaceous material of claim 1, wherein the carbonaceous material has a crystallite diameter in a direction of a C-axis, Lc (002) of 0.8 nm or more and 2 nm or less. 7. The carbonaceous material of claim 1, wherein the carbonaceous material is added to a carbon-based negative electrode active material, and an addition amount of the carbonaceous material is 5 wt % or less with respect to 100 wt % of a total amount of the carbon-based negative electrode active material and the carbonaceous material. 8. The carbonaceous material of claim 1, wherein the carbonaceous material includes a carbide obtained by heat-treating a polyurethane resin containing 150 parts by weight or more and 240 parts by weight or less of an isocyanate with respect to 100 parts by weight of a polyol, under an inert gas atmosphere to carbonize the polyurethane resin. 9. The carbonaceous material of claim 8, wherein the polyol is any one or two or more selected from the group consisting of a polyether-based polyol, a polyester-based polyol, a polytetramethylene ether glycol polyol, a poly Harnstoff dispersion (PHD) polyol, an amine-modified polyol, a Mannich polyol, and mixtures thereof. 10. The carbonaceous material of claim 8, wherein the isocyanate is any one or two or more selected from the group consisting of hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), 4,4′-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate (H12MDI), polyethylene polyphenyl diisocyanate, toluene diisocyanate (TDI), 2,2′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (2,2′-MDI), 2,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (2,4′-MDI), 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (4,4′-MDI, monomeric MDI), polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate (polymeric MDI), orthotoluidine diisocyanate (TODI), naphthalene diisocyanate (NDI), xylene diisocyanate (XDI), lysine diisocyanate (LDI), and triphenylmethane triisocyanate (TPTI). | 2,600 |
349,261 | 350,135 | 16,757,879 | 2,675 | The present technology relates to a transmission device, a transmission method, a reception device, and a reception method for securing good communication quality in data transmission using an LDPC code. | 1. A transmission device comprising:
an encoding unit configured to perform LDPC coding on a basis of a parity check matrix of an LDPC code with a code length N of 17280 bits and a coding rate r of 11/16, wherein the LDPC code includes information bits and parity bits, the parity check matrix includes an information matrix portion corresponding to the information bits and a parity matrix portion corresponding to the parity bits, the information matrix portion is represented by a parity check matrix initial value table, and the parity check matrix initial value table is a table representing positions of elements of 1 of the information matrix portion for every 360 columns, and is 2. A transmission method comprising:
an encoding step of performing LDPC coding on a basis of a parity check matrix of an LDPC code with a code length N of 17280 bits and a coding rate r of 11/16, wherein the LDPC code includes information bits and parity bits, the parity check matrix includes an information matrix portion corresponding to the information bits and a parity matrix portion corresponding to the parity bits, the information matrix portion is represented by a parity check matrix initial value table, and the parity check matrix initial value table is a table representing positions of elements of 1 of the information matrix portion for every 360 columns, and is 3. A reception device comprising:
a decoding unit configured to decode an LDPC code with a code length N of 17280 bits and a coding rate r of 11/16, the LDPC code being obtained from data transmitted by a transmission method including an encoding step of performing LDPC coding on a basis of a parity check matrix of the LDPC code, wherein the LDPC code includes information bits and parity bits, the parity check matrix includes an information matrix portion corresponding to the information bits and a parity matrix portion corresponding to the parity bits, the information matrix portion is represented by a parity check matrix initial value table, and the parity check matrix initial value table is a table representing positions of elements of 1 of the information matrix portion for every 360 columns, and is 4. A reception method comprising:
a decoding step of decoding an LDPC code with a code length N of 17280 bits and a coding rate r of 11/16, the LDPC code being obtained from data transmitted by a transmission method including an encoding step of performing LDPC coding on a basis of a parity check matrix of the LDPC code, wherein the LDPC code includes information bits and parity bits, the parity check matrix includes an information matrix portion corresponding to the information bits and a parity matrix portion corresponding to the parity bits, the information matrix portion is represented by a parity check matrix initial value table, and the parity check matrix initial value table is a table representing positions of elements of 1 of the information matrix portion for every 360 columns, and is 5. A transmission device comprising:
an encoding unit configured to perform LDPC coding on a basis of a parity check matrix of an LDPC code with a code length N of 17280 bits and a coding rate r of 12/16, wherein the LDPC code includes information bits and parity bits, the parity check matrix includes an information matrix portion corresponding to the information bits and a parity matrix portion corresponding to the parity bits, the information matrix portion is represented by a parity check matrix initial value table, and the parity check matrix initial value table is a table representing positions of elements of 1 of the information matrix portion for every 360 columns, and is 6. A transmission method comprising:
an encoding step of performing LDPC coding on a basis of a parity check matrix of an LDPC code with a code length N of 17280 bits and a coding rate r of 12/16, wherein the LDPC code includes information bits and parity bits, the parity check matrix includes an information matrix portion corresponding to the information bits and a parity matrix portion corresponding to the parity bits, the information matrix portion is represented by a parity check matrix initial value table, and the parity check matrix initial value table is a table representing positions of elements of 1 of the information matrix portion for every 360 columns, and is 7. A reception device comprising:
a decoding unit configured to decode an LDPC code with a code length N of 17280 bits and a coding rate r of 12/16, the LDPC code being obtained from data transmitted by a transmission method including an encoding step of performing LDPC coding on a basis of a parity check matrix of the LDPC code, wherein the LDPC code includes information bits and parity bits, the parity check matrix includes an information matrix portion corresponding to the information bits and a parity matrix portion corresponding to the parity bits, the information matrix portion is represented by a parity check matrix initial value table, and the parity check matrix initial value table is a table representing positions of elements of 1 of the information matrix portion for every 360 columns, and is 8. A reception method comprising:
a decoding step of decoding an LDPC code with a code length N of 17280 bits and a coding rate r of 12/16, the LDPC code being obtained from data transmitted by a transmission method including an encoding step of performing LDPC coding on a basis of a parity check matrix of the LDPC code, wherein the LDPC code includes information bits and parity bits, the parity check matrix includes an information matrix portion corresponding to the information bits and a parity matrix portion corresponding to the parity bits, the information matrix portion is represented by a parity check matrix initial value table, and the parity check matrix initial value table is a table representing positions of elements of 1 of the information matrix portion for every 360 columns, and is | The present technology relates to a transmission device, a transmission method, a reception device, and a reception method for securing good communication quality in data transmission using an LDPC code.1. A transmission device comprising:
an encoding unit configured to perform LDPC coding on a basis of a parity check matrix of an LDPC code with a code length N of 17280 bits and a coding rate r of 11/16, wherein the LDPC code includes information bits and parity bits, the parity check matrix includes an information matrix portion corresponding to the information bits and a parity matrix portion corresponding to the parity bits, the information matrix portion is represented by a parity check matrix initial value table, and the parity check matrix initial value table is a table representing positions of elements of 1 of the information matrix portion for every 360 columns, and is 2. A transmission method comprising:
an encoding step of performing LDPC coding on a basis of a parity check matrix of an LDPC code with a code length N of 17280 bits and a coding rate r of 11/16, wherein the LDPC code includes information bits and parity bits, the parity check matrix includes an information matrix portion corresponding to the information bits and a parity matrix portion corresponding to the parity bits, the information matrix portion is represented by a parity check matrix initial value table, and the parity check matrix initial value table is a table representing positions of elements of 1 of the information matrix portion for every 360 columns, and is 3. A reception device comprising:
a decoding unit configured to decode an LDPC code with a code length N of 17280 bits and a coding rate r of 11/16, the LDPC code being obtained from data transmitted by a transmission method including an encoding step of performing LDPC coding on a basis of a parity check matrix of the LDPC code, wherein the LDPC code includes information bits and parity bits, the parity check matrix includes an information matrix portion corresponding to the information bits and a parity matrix portion corresponding to the parity bits, the information matrix portion is represented by a parity check matrix initial value table, and the parity check matrix initial value table is a table representing positions of elements of 1 of the information matrix portion for every 360 columns, and is 4. A reception method comprising:
a decoding step of decoding an LDPC code with a code length N of 17280 bits and a coding rate r of 11/16, the LDPC code being obtained from data transmitted by a transmission method including an encoding step of performing LDPC coding on a basis of a parity check matrix of the LDPC code, wherein the LDPC code includes information bits and parity bits, the parity check matrix includes an information matrix portion corresponding to the information bits and a parity matrix portion corresponding to the parity bits, the information matrix portion is represented by a parity check matrix initial value table, and the parity check matrix initial value table is a table representing positions of elements of 1 of the information matrix portion for every 360 columns, and is 5. A transmission device comprising:
an encoding unit configured to perform LDPC coding on a basis of a parity check matrix of an LDPC code with a code length N of 17280 bits and a coding rate r of 12/16, wherein the LDPC code includes information bits and parity bits, the parity check matrix includes an information matrix portion corresponding to the information bits and a parity matrix portion corresponding to the parity bits, the information matrix portion is represented by a parity check matrix initial value table, and the parity check matrix initial value table is a table representing positions of elements of 1 of the information matrix portion for every 360 columns, and is 6. A transmission method comprising:
an encoding step of performing LDPC coding on a basis of a parity check matrix of an LDPC code with a code length N of 17280 bits and a coding rate r of 12/16, wherein the LDPC code includes information bits and parity bits, the parity check matrix includes an information matrix portion corresponding to the information bits and a parity matrix portion corresponding to the parity bits, the information matrix portion is represented by a parity check matrix initial value table, and the parity check matrix initial value table is a table representing positions of elements of 1 of the information matrix portion for every 360 columns, and is 7. A reception device comprising:
a decoding unit configured to decode an LDPC code with a code length N of 17280 bits and a coding rate r of 12/16, the LDPC code being obtained from data transmitted by a transmission method including an encoding step of performing LDPC coding on a basis of a parity check matrix of the LDPC code, wherein the LDPC code includes information bits and parity bits, the parity check matrix includes an information matrix portion corresponding to the information bits and a parity matrix portion corresponding to the parity bits, the information matrix portion is represented by a parity check matrix initial value table, and the parity check matrix initial value table is a table representing positions of elements of 1 of the information matrix portion for every 360 columns, and is 8. A reception method comprising:
a decoding step of decoding an LDPC code with a code length N of 17280 bits and a coding rate r of 12/16, the LDPC code being obtained from data transmitted by a transmission method including an encoding step of performing LDPC coding on a basis of a parity check matrix of the LDPC code, wherein the LDPC code includes information bits and parity bits, the parity check matrix includes an information matrix portion corresponding to the information bits and a parity matrix portion corresponding to the parity bits, the information matrix portion is represented by a parity check matrix initial value table, and the parity check matrix initial value table is a table representing positions of elements of 1 of the information matrix portion for every 360 columns, and is | 2,600 |
349,262 | 350,136 | 16,757,880 | 2,675 | A substrate assembly includes at least one printed circuit (PC) substrate. Each PC substrate includes a PC top surface and a PC bottom surface spaced from each other and an edge that runs at least partially about a periphery of the PC substrate between the PC top surface and the PC bottom surface. The edge includes or defines on a facet or edge surface of the edge at least one projection that extends transverse or normal to the facet or edge surface. The projection includes a projection top surface and a projection bottom surface spaced from each other and the projection can include or be made of conductive material. | 1. A substrate assembly comprising:
at least one printed circuit (PC) substrate, wherein: each PC substrate includes a PC top surface and a PC bottom surface spaced from each other and an edge that runs at least partially about a periphery of the PC substrate between the PC top surface and the PC bottom surface; the edge including or defining on a facet or edge surface of said edge at least one projection that extends transverse or normal to said facet or edge surface; the projection including a projection top surface and a projection bottom surface spaced from each other; and the projection comprises conductive material, wherein the at least one PC substrate includes a first PC substrate and a second PC substrate; the projection of the first PC substrate includes its projection top surface coincident, coextensive, or residing in the same plane as its PC top surface and its projection bottom surface extending transverse from the facet or edge surface of the edge of the first PC substrate from a location between the PC top surface and the PC bottom surface of the first PC substrate; the projection of the second PC substrate includes its projection bottom surface coincident, coextensive, or residing in the same plane as its PC bottom surface and its projection top surface extending transverse from the facet or edge surface of the edge of the second PC substrate from a location between the PC top surface and the PC bottom surface of the second PC substrate; and the projection bottom surface of the first PC substrate overlaps and is in contact with the projection top surface of the second PC substrate. 2. The substrate assembly of claim 1, wherein the conductive material includes a conductor formed on at least one of the projection top surface and the projection bottom surface. 3. The substrate assembly of claim 1, wherein the projection is formed partially or entirely of the conductive material. 4.-6. (canceled) 7. The substrate assembly of claim 1, wherein:
the projection of the first PC substrate includes its conductive material on its projection bottom surface; and the projection of the second PC substrate includes its conductive material on its projection top surface which makes electrical contact with the conductive material on the projection bottom surface of the projection of the first PC substrate when the projection bottom surface of the first PC substrate overlaps and is in contact with the projection top surface of the second PC substrate. 8. (canceled) 9. A substrate assembly comprising:
at least one printed circuit (PC) substrate, wherein: each PC substrate includes a PC top surface and a PC bottom surface spaced from each other and an edge that runs at least partially about a periphery of the PC substrate between the PC top surface and the PC bottom surface; the edge including or defining on a facet or edge surface of said edge at least one projection that extends transverse or normal to said facet or edge surface; the projection including a projection top surface and a projection bottom surface spaced from each other; and the projection comprises conductive material, wherein the projection includes at least one pair of projections having a recess therebetween, wherein each projection includes the projection top surface and the projection bottom surface coincident, coextensive, or residing in the same planes as the respective PC top surface and the PC bottom surface. 10. A substrate assembly comprising:
at least one printed circuit (PC) substrate, wherein: each PC substrate includes a PC top surface and a PC bottom surface spaced from each other and an edge that runs at least partially about a periphery of the PC substrate between the PC top surface and the PC bottom surface; the edge including or defining on a facet or edge surface of said edge at least one projection that extends transverse or normal to said facet or edge surface; the projection including a projection top surface and a projection bottom surface spaced from each other; and the projection comprises conductive material, wherein the projection includes at least one pair of projections having a recess therebetween, wherein the at least one pair of projections includes: a first pair of spaced projections in a first plane of the PC substrate having a first recess therebetween; and a second pair of spaced projections in a second, parallel plane of the PC substrate having a second recess therebetween, wherein at least one of the first pair of projections is aligned, in a direction normal to the first and second planes, with the second recess, and at least one of the second pair of projections is aligned, in a direction normal to the first and second planes, with the first recess. 11. The substrate assembly of claim 10, wherein:
the at least one PC substrate includes first and second PC substrates, each including the first and second pairs of spaced projections; and the first and second PC substrates are positioned, arranged, or configured with the first and second pairs of spaced projections of the first PC substrate and the first and second pairs of spaced projections of the second PC substrate interdigitated with each other. 12. The substrate assembly of claim 1, wherein the PC substrate is comprised of at least two layers. 13. A substrate assembly comprising:
at least one printed circuit (PC) substrate, wherein: each PC substrate includes a PC top surface and a PC bottom surface spaced from each other and an edge that runs at least partially about a periphery of the PC substrate between the PC top surface and the PC bottom surface; the edge including or defining on a facet or edge surface of said edge at least one projection that extends transverse or normal to said facet or edge surface; the projection including a projection top surface and a projection bottom surface spaced from each other; the projection comprises conductive material, wherein the projection is formed partially or entirely of the conductive material, the at least one PC substrate includes first and second PC substrates, each including the projection made of the conductive material formed as a cantilevered beam having a proximal end supported by the PC substrate and a free, distal end, wherein a largest dimension of the conductive material formed as the cantilevered beam is a distance between the proximal end and the distal end; and the first and second PC substrates are positioned, arranged, or configured adjacent or proximate each other with their respective projections in electrical contact, wherein one of the first and second PC substrates is a microchip or a rigid or flexible printed circuit board or printed wiring board and the other of the first and second PC substrates is a rigid or flexible printed circuit board or printed wiring board. 14. The substrate assembly of claim 13, wherein:
the microchip is formed from a semiconductor material; and each printed circuit board or printed wiring board is made from at least one of the following: a glass-reinforced epoxy laminate or a polyamide. 15. (canceled) 16. A substrate assembly comprising:
at least one printed circuit (PC) substrate, wherein: each PC substrate includes a PC top surface and a PC bottom surface spaced from each other and an edge that runs at least partially about a periphery of the PC substrate between the PC top surface and the PC bottom surface; the edge including or defining on a facet or edge surface of said edge at least one projection that extends transverse or normal to said facet or edge surface; the projection including a projection top surface and a projection bottom surface spaced from each other; the projection comprises conductive material, wherein the projection is formed partially or entirely of the conductive material, the at least one PC substrate includes first and second PC substrates, each including the projection of the conductive material and having a proximal end supported by the PC substrate and a free, distal end; and the second PC substrate is received in a recess in the PC top surface or the PC bottom surface of the first PC substrate with their respective projections in electrical contact, wherein each projection of the conductive material is formed as a cantilevered beam having the proximal end supported by its PC substrate and the free, distal end, wherein a largest dimension of the conductive material formed as the cantilevered beam is a distance between the proximal end and the distal end. 17. The substrate assembly of claim 16, wherein each of the first and second PC substrates is a printed circuit board or printed wiring board. 18. The substrate assembly of claim 17, wherein each printed circuit board or printed wiring board is made from at least one of the following: a glass-reinforced epoxy laminate, a polyamide, or PTFE. 19. A substrate assembly comprising:
at least one printed circuit (PC) substrate, wherein: each PC substrate includes a PC top surface and a PC bottom surface spaced from each other and an edge that runs at least partially about a periphery of the PC substrate between the PC top surface and the PC bottom surface; the edge including or defining on a facet or edge surface of said edge at least one projection that extends transverse or normal to said facet or edge surface; the projection including a projection top surface and a projection bottom surface spaced from each other; the projection comprises conductive material, wherein the projection is formed partially or entirely of the conductive material, the at least one PC substrate includes first and second PC substrates, each including the projection of the conductive material and having a proximal end supported by the PC substrate and a free, distal end; and the second PC substrate is received in a recess in the PC top surface or the PC bottom surface of the first PC substrate with their respective projections in electrical contact, wherein each projection comprises the conductive material formed on the facet or edge surface as a contact pad, wherein a largest dimension of the conductive material formed as the contact pad on the facet or edge surface is in a direction parallel to the facet or edge surface. 20. The substrate assembly of claim 19, wherein:
the at least one PC substrate includes plural second PC substrates received in the recess in the PC top surface or the PC bottom surface of the first PC substrate; and the projections of adjacent or proximate second PC substrates are in electrical contact. | A substrate assembly includes at least one printed circuit (PC) substrate. Each PC substrate includes a PC top surface and a PC bottom surface spaced from each other and an edge that runs at least partially about a periphery of the PC substrate between the PC top surface and the PC bottom surface. The edge includes or defines on a facet or edge surface of the edge at least one projection that extends transverse or normal to the facet or edge surface. The projection includes a projection top surface and a projection bottom surface spaced from each other and the projection can include or be made of conductive material.1. A substrate assembly comprising:
at least one printed circuit (PC) substrate, wherein: each PC substrate includes a PC top surface and a PC bottom surface spaced from each other and an edge that runs at least partially about a periphery of the PC substrate between the PC top surface and the PC bottom surface; the edge including or defining on a facet or edge surface of said edge at least one projection that extends transverse or normal to said facet or edge surface; the projection including a projection top surface and a projection bottom surface spaced from each other; and the projection comprises conductive material, wherein the at least one PC substrate includes a first PC substrate and a second PC substrate; the projection of the first PC substrate includes its projection top surface coincident, coextensive, or residing in the same plane as its PC top surface and its projection bottom surface extending transverse from the facet or edge surface of the edge of the first PC substrate from a location between the PC top surface and the PC bottom surface of the first PC substrate; the projection of the second PC substrate includes its projection bottom surface coincident, coextensive, or residing in the same plane as its PC bottom surface and its projection top surface extending transverse from the facet or edge surface of the edge of the second PC substrate from a location between the PC top surface and the PC bottom surface of the second PC substrate; and the projection bottom surface of the first PC substrate overlaps and is in contact with the projection top surface of the second PC substrate. 2. The substrate assembly of claim 1, wherein the conductive material includes a conductor formed on at least one of the projection top surface and the projection bottom surface. 3. The substrate assembly of claim 1, wherein the projection is formed partially or entirely of the conductive material. 4.-6. (canceled) 7. The substrate assembly of claim 1, wherein:
the projection of the first PC substrate includes its conductive material on its projection bottom surface; and the projection of the second PC substrate includes its conductive material on its projection top surface which makes electrical contact with the conductive material on the projection bottom surface of the projection of the first PC substrate when the projection bottom surface of the first PC substrate overlaps and is in contact with the projection top surface of the second PC substrate. 8. (canceled) 9. A substrate assembly comprising:
at least one printed circuit (PC) substrate, wherein: each PC substrate includes a PC top surface and a PC bottom surface spaced from each other and an edge that runs at least partially about a periphery of the PC substrate between the PC top surface and the PC bottom surface; the edge including or defining on a facet or edge surface of said edge at least one projection that extends transverse or normal to said facet or edge surface; the projection including a projection top surface and a projection bottom surface spaced from each other; and the projection comprises conductive material, wherein the projection includes at least one pair of projections having a recess therebetween, wherein each projection includes the projection top surface and the projection bottom surface coincident, coextensive, or residing in the same planes as the respective PC top surface and the PC bottom surface. 10. A substrate assembly comprising:
at least one printed circuit (PC) substrate, wherein: each PC substrate includes a PC top surface and a PC bottom surface spaced from each other and an edge that runs at least partially about a periphery of the PC substrate between the PC top surface and the PC bottom surface; the edge including or defining on a facet or edge surface of said edge at least one projection that extends transverse or normal to said facet or edge surface; the projection including a projection top surface and a projection bottom surface spaced from each other; and the projection comprises conductive material, wherein the projection includes at least one pair of projections having a recess therebetween, wherein the at least one pair of projections includes: a first pair of spaced projections in a first plane of the PC substrate having a first recess therebetween; and a second pair of spaced projections in a second, parallel plane of the PC substrate having a second recess therebetween, wherein at least one of the first pair of projections is aligned, in a direction normal to the first and second planes, with the second recess, and at least one of the second pair of projections is aligned, in a direction normal to the first and second planes, with the first recess. 11. The substrate assembly of claim 10, wherein:
the at least one PC substrate includes first and second PC substrates, each including the first and second pairs of spaced projections; and the first and second PC substrates are positioned, arranged, or configured with the first and second pairs of spaced projections of the first PC substrate and the first and second pairs of spaced projections of the second PC substrate interdigitated with each other. 12. The substrate assembly of claim 1, wherein the PC substrate is comprised of at least two layers. 13. A substrate assembly comprising:
at least one printed circuit (PC) substrate, wherein: each PC substrate includes a PC top surface and a PC bottom surface spaced from each other and an edge that runs at least partially about a periphery of the PC substrate between the PC top surface and the PC bottom surface; the edge including or defining on a facet or edge surface of said edge at least one projection that extends transverse or normal to said facet or edge surface; the projection including a projection top surface and a projection bottom surface spaced from each other; the projection comprises conductive material, wherein the projection is formed partially or entirely of the conductive material, the at least one PC substrate includes first and second PC substrates, each including the projection made of the conductive material formed as a cantilevered beam having a proximal end supported by the PC substrate and a free, distal end, wherein a largest dimension of the conductive material formed as the cantilevered beam is a distance between the proximal end and the distal end; and the first and second PC substrates are positioned, arranged, or configured adjacent or proximate each other with their respective projections in electrical contact, wherein one of the first and second PC substrates is a microchip or a rigid or flexible printed circuit board or printed wiring board and the other of the first and second PC substrates is a rigid or flexible printed circuit board or printed wiring board. 14. The substrate assembly of claim 13, wherein:
the microchip is formed from a semiconductor material; and each printed circuit board or printed wiring board is made from at least one of the following: a glass-reinforced epoxy laminate or a polyamide. 15. (canceled) 16. A substrate assembly comprising:
at least one printed circuit (PC) substrate, wherein: each PC substrate includes a PC top surface and a PC bottom surface spaced from each other and an edge that runs at least partially about a periphery of the PC substrate between the PC top surface and the PC bottom surface; the edge including or defining on a facet or edge surface of said edge at least one projection that extends transverse or normal to said facet or edge surface; the projection including a projection top surface and a projection bottom surface spaced from each other; the projection comprises conductive material, wherein the projection is formed partially or entirely of the conductive material, the at least one PC substrate includes first and second PC substrates, each including the projection of the conductive material and having a proximal end supported by the PC substrate and a free, distal end; and the second PC substrate is received in a recess in the PC top surface or the PC bottom surface of the first PC substrate with their respective projections in electrical contact, wherein each projection of the conductive material is formed as a cantilevered beam having the proximal end supported by its PC substrate and the free, distal end, wherein a largest dimension of the conductive material formed as the cantilevered beam is a distance between the proximal end and the distal end. 17. The substrate assembly of claim 16, wherein each of the first and second PC substrates is a printed circuit board or printed wiring board. 18. The substrate assembly of claim 17, wherein each printed circuit board or printed wiring board is made from at least one of the following: a glass-reinforced epoxy laminate, a polyamide, or PTFE. 19. A substrate assembly comprising:
at least one printed circuit (PC) substrate, wherein: each PC substrate includes a PC top surface and a PC bottom surface spaced from each other and an edge that runs at least partially about a periphery of the PC substrate between the PC top surface and the PC bottom surface; the edge including or defining on a facet or edge surface of said edge at least one projection that extends transverse or normal to said facet or edge surface; the projection including a projection top surface and a projection bottom surface spaced from each other; the projection comprises conductive material, wherein the projection is formed partially or entirely of the conductive material, the at least one PC substrate includes first and second PC substrates, each including the projection of the conductive material and having a proximal end supported by the PC substrate and a free, distal end; and the second PC substrate is received in a recess in the PC top surface or the PC bottom surface of the first PC substrate with their respective projections in electrical contact, wherein each projection comprises the conductive material formed on the facet or edge surface as a contact pad, wherein a largest dimension of the conductive material formed as the contact pad on the facet or edge surface is in a direction parallel to the facet or edge surface. 20. The substrate assembly of claim 19, wherein:
the at least one PC substrate includes plural second PC substrates received in the recess in the PC top surface or the PC bottom surface of the first PC substrate; and the projections of adjacent or proximate second PC substrates are in electrical contact. | 2,600 |
349,263 | 350,137 | 16,757,904 | 2,675 | A method for detecting a road condition in the area of a vehicle using sensor data from an acoustic sensor system of the vehicle. A detection rate of false positive objects reproduced in the sensor data is analyzed in an analysis step in order to detect a current road condition, a current value of the detection rate being analyzed using at least one expected value assigned to a road condition. | 1-15. (canceled) 16. A method for detecting a road condition in an area of a vehicle using sensor data from an acoustic sensor system of the vehicle, the method comprising the following steps:
receiving sensor data from the acoustic sensor system of the vehicle; and analyzing a detection rate of false positive objects reproduced in the sensor data to detect a current road condition, a current value of the detection rate being analyzed using at least one expected value assigned to a road condition. 17. The method as recited in claim 16, wherein, in the analyzing step: (i) a dry condition is detected as the current road condition when the current value of the detection rate is less than a dampness value, and/or (ii) a dampness condition is detected as the current road condition when the current value is greater than the dampness value, and/or (iii) a wet condition is detected as the current road condition when the current value is greater than a wetness value, and/or (iv) a hydroplaning condition is detected as the current road condition when the current value is greater than a hydroplaning value, a warning message about a hydroplaning risk being provided at or above a velocity limit value. 18. The method as recited in claim 17, wherein the warming message is provided upon detection of the wet condition. 19. The method as recited in claim 16, further comprising the following step:
adjusting, using the currently detected road condition, a maximum-velocity value representing a maximally permissible velocity for the vehicle and/or a distance value representing a minimally permissible distance to a preceding vehicle. 20. The method as recited in claim 16, wherein, in the analyzing step, a water level in the area of the vehicle is detected as a road condition, different expected values being assigned to different water levels. 21. The method as recited in claim 16, wherein, in the analyzing step, the detection rate is analyzed within a narrow-band frequency range. 22. The method as recited in claim 21, wherein the detection rate is analyzed in an ultrasonic spectrum. 23. The method as recited in claim 16, wherein, in the analyzing step, the detection rate is analyzed using a velocity value representing a current velocity of the vehicle and/or wind information representing a current wind vector. 24. The method as recited in claim 16, wherein, in the analyzing step, detection rates captured by different sensors of the sensor system are analyzed separately. 25. The method as recited in claim 24, wherein, in the analyzing step, the detection rates of sensors of the sensor system, which are installed mutually symmetrically on the vehicle, are analyzed. 26. The method as recited in claim 24, wherein, in the analyzing step, different detection rates of sensors of the sensor system installed at various positions on the vehicle are used to detect different road conditions. 27. The method as recited in claim 16, wherein, in the analyzing step, the detection rate is analyzed using distance information representing a distance of the vehicle to at least one object, and a sound reflection property and/or a sound emission property of the object. 28. The method as recited in claim 27, wherein, in the analyzing step, an absolute velocity of the object and/or a velocity value representing a current velocity of the vehicle are used to determine the sound emission property of the object. 29. The method as recited in claim 16, further comprising the following step:
providing: (i) first road condition information and position information, by the vehicle to a high-level information network, the first road condition information representing the current road condition, the position information representing a current position of the vehicle, and/or (ii) road condition information, by the higher-level information network to the vehicle, the road condition information representing current road conditions for expected future positions of the vehicle. 30. An apparatus configured to detect a road condition in an area of a vehicle using sensor data from an acoustic sensor system of the vehicle, the apparatus configured to:
receive sensor data from the acoustic sensor system of the vehicle; and analyze a detection rate of false positive objects reproduced in the sensor data to detect a current road condition, a current value of the detection rate being analyzed using at least one expected value assigned to a road condition. 31. A non-transitory machine-readable storage medium on which is stored a computer program for detecting a road condition in the area of a vehicle using sensor data from an acoustic sensor system of the vehicle, the computer program, when executed by a computer, causing the computer to perform the following steps:
receiving sensor data from the acoustic sensor system of the vehicle; and analyzing a detection rate of false positive objects reproduced in the sensor data to detect a current road condition, a current value of the detection rate being analyzed using at least one expected value assigned to a road condition. | A method for detecting a road condition in the area of a vehicle using sensor data from an acoustic sensor system of the vehicle. A detection rate of false positive objects reproduced in the sensor data is analyzed in an analysis step in order to detect a current road condition, a current value of the detection rate being analyzed using at least one expected value assigned to a road condition.1-15. (canceled) 16. A method for detecting a road condition in an area of a vehicle using sensor data from an acoustic sensor system of the vehicle, the method comprising the following steps:
receiving sensor data from the acoustic sensor system of the vehicle; and analyzing a detection rate of false positive objects reproduced in the sensor data to detect a current road condition, a current value of the detection rate being analyzed using at least one expected value assigned to a road condition. 17. The method as recited in claim 16, wherein, in the analyzing step: (i) a dry condition is detected as the current road condition when the current value of the detection rate is less than a dampness value, and/or (ii) a dampness condition is detected as the current road condition when the current value is greater than the dampness value, and/or (iii) a wet condition is detected as the current road condition when the current value is greater than a wetness value, and/or (iv) a hydroplaning condition is detected as the current road condition when the current value is greater than a hydroplaning value, a warning message about a hydroplaning risk being provided at or above a velocity limit value. 18. The method as recited in claim 17, wherein the warming message is provided upon detection of the wet condition. 19. The method as recited in claim 16, further comprising the following step:
adjusting, using the currently detected road condition, a maximum-velocity value representing a maximally permissible velocity for the vehicle and/or a distance value representing a minimally permissible distance to a preceding vehicle. 20. The method as recited in claim 16, wherein, in the analyzing step, a water level in the area of the vehicle is detected as a road condition, different expected values being assigned to different water levels. 21. The method as recited in claim 16, wherein, in the analyzing step, the detection rate is analyzed within a narrow-band frequency range. 22. The method as recited in claim 21, wherein the detection rate is analyzed in an ultrasonic spectrum. 23. The method as recited in claim 16, wherein, in the analyzing step, the detection rate is analyzed using a velocity value representing a current velocity of the vehicle and/or wind information representing a current wind vector. 24. The method as recited in claim 16, wherein, in the analyzing step, detection rates captured by different sensors of the sensor system are analyzed separately. 25. The method as recited in claim 24, wherein, in the analyzing step, the detection rates of sensors of the sensor system, which are installed mutually symmetrically on the vehicle, are analyzed. 26. The method as recited in claim 24, wherein, in the analyzing step, different detection rates of sensors of the sensor system installed at various positions on the vehicle are used to detect different road conditions. 27. The method as recited in claim 16, wherein, in the analyzing step, the detection rate is analyzed using distance information representing a distance of the vehicle to at least one object, and a sound reflection property and/or a sound emission property of the object. 28. The method as recited in claim 27, wherein, in the analyzing step, an absolute velocity of the object and/or a velocity value representing a current velocity of the vehicle are used to determine the sound emission property of the object. 29. The method as recited in claim 16, further comprising the following step:
providing: (i) first road condition information and position information, by the vehicle to a high-level information network, the first road condition information representing the current road condition, the position information representing a current position of the vehicle, and/or (ii) road condition information, by the higher-level information network to the vehicle, the road condition information representing current road conditions for expected future positions of the vehicle. 30. An apparatus configured to detect a road condition in an area of a vehicle using sensor data from an acoustic sensor system of the vehicle, the apparatus configured to:
receive sensor data from the acoustic sensor system of the vehicle; and analyze a detection rate of false positive objects reproduced in the sensor data to detect a current road condition, a current value of the detection rate being analyzed using at least one expected value assigned to a road condition. 31. A non-transitory machine-readable storage medium on which is stored a computer program for detecting a road condition in the area of a vehicle using sensor data from an acoustic sensor system of the vehicle, the computer program, when executed by a computer, causing the computer to perform the following steps:
receiving sensor data from the acoustic sensor system of the vehicle; and analyzing a detection rate of false positive objects reproduced in the sensor data to detect a current road condition, a current value of the detection rate being analyzed using at least one expected value assigned to a road condition. | 2,600 |
349,264 | 350,138 | 16,757,934 | 2,675 | An organosulfur compound-containing slurry composition for making an electrode. The slurry composition forms an electrode mixture layer that exhibits high adhesion to a current collector even when combined with inexpensive aluminum foil current collector and therefore achieves sufficient capacity. The slurry composition contains an organosulfur compound, a binder, an electroconductive agent, and a solvent and has a pH of 4.0 to 9.0. The slurry composition preferably contains a basic compound. The organosulfur compound is preferably at least one of sulfur-modified elastomer compounds, sulfur-modified polynuclear aromatic compounds, sulfur-modified pitch compounds, sulfur-modified aliphatic hydrocarbon oxides, sulfur-modified polyether compounds, polythienoacene compounds, carbon polysulfide compounds, sulfur-modified polyamide compounds, and sulfur-modified polyacrylonitrile compounds. | 1. A slurry composition comprising an organosulfur compound, a binder, an electroconductive agent, and a solvent, and having a pH of 4.0 to 9.0. 2. The slurry composition according to claim 1, further comprising a basic compound. 3. The slurry composition according to claim 2, wherein the basic compound is at least one member selected from the group consisting of ammonia, alkylamine compounds, ethanolamine compounds, polyamine compounds, aromatic amine compounds, alkali metal hydroxides, carbonic salt compounds, carboxylic salt compounds, and phosphoric salt compounds. 4. The slurry composition according to claim 1, wherein the organosulfur compound is at least one member selected from the group consisting of sulfur-modified elastomer compounds, sulfur-modified polynuclear aromatic compounds, sulfur-modified pitch compounds, sulfur-modified aliphatic hydrocarbon oxides, sulfur-modified polyether compounds, polythienoacene compounds, carbon polysulfide compounds, sulfur-modified polyamide compounds, and sulfur-modified polyacrylonitrile compounds. 5. The slurry composition according to claim 1, wherein the binder and the electroconductive agent are present in amounts of 1 to 30 parts and 0.1 to 50 parts, respectively, by mass per 100 parts by mass of the organosulfur compound. 6. An electrode comprising a current collector and an electrode mixture layer formed on the current collector, the electrode mixture layer being formed of the slurry composition according to claim 1. 7. The electrode according to claim 6, wherein the current collector is aluminum foil. 8. The electrode according to claim 6, being for lithium ion secondary batteries. 9. The slurry composition according to claim 2, wherein the organosulfur compound is at least one member selected from the group consisting of sulfur-modified elastomer compounds, sulfur-modified polynuclear aromatic compounds, sulfur-modified pitch compounds, sulfur-modified aliphatic hydrocarbon oxides, sulfur-modified polyether compounds, polythienoacene compounds, carbon polysulfide compounds, sulfur-modified polyamide compounds, and sulfur-modified polyacrylonitrile compounds. 10. The slurry composition according to claim 3, wherein the organosulfur compound is at least one member selected from the group consisting of sulfur-modified elastomer compounds, sulfur-modified polynuclear aromatic compounds, sulfur-modified pitch compounds, sulfur-modified aliphatic hydrocarbon oxides, sulfur-modified polyether compounds, polythienoacene compounds, carbon polysulfide compounds, sulfur-modified polyamide compounds, and sulfur-modified polyacrylonitrile compounds. 11. The slurry composition according to claim 2, wherein the binder and the electroconductive agent are present in amounts of 1 to 30 parts and 0.1 to 50 parts, respectively, by mass per 100 parts by mass of the organosulfur compound. 12. The slurry composition according to claim 3, wherein the binder and the electroconductive agent are present in amounts of 1 to 30 parts and 0.1 to 50 parts, respectively, by mass per 100 parts by mass of the organosulfur compound. 13. The slurry composition according to claim 4, wherein the binder and the electroconductive agent are present in amounts of 1 to 30 parts and 0.1 to 50 parts, respectively, by mass per 100 parts by mass of the organosulfur compound. 14. An electrode comprising a current collector and an electrode mixture layer formed on the current collector, the electrode mixture layer being formed of the slurry composition according to claim 2. 15. An electrode comprising a current collector and an electrode mixture layer formed on the current collector, the electrode mixture layer being formed of the slurry composition according to claim 3. 16. An electrode comprising a current collector and an electrode mixture layer formed on the current collector, the electrode mixture layer being formed of the slurry composition according to claim 4. 17. An electrode comprising a current collector and an electrode mixture layer formed on the current collector, the electrode mixture layer being formed of the slurry composition according to claim 5. 18. The electrode according to claim 7, being for lithium ion secondary batteries. 19. The slurry composition according to claim 9, wherein the binder and the electroconductive agent are present in amounts of 1 to 30 parts and 0.1 to 50 parts, respectively, by mass per 100 parts by mass of the organosulfur compound. 20. The slurry composition according to claim 10, wherein the binder and the electroconductive agent are present in amounts of 1 to 30 parts and 0.1 to 50 parts, respectively, by mass per 100 parts by mass of the organosulfur compound. | An organosulfur compound-containing slurry composition for making an electrode. The slurry composition forms an electrode mixture layer that exhibits high adhesion to a current collector even when combined with inexpensive aluminum foil current collector and therefore achieves sufficient capacity. The slurry composition contains an organosulfur compound, a binder, an electroconductive agent, and a solvent and has a pH of 4.0 to 9.0. The slurry composition preferably contains a basic compound. The organosulfur compound is preferably at least one of sulfur-modified elastomer compounds, sulfur-modified polynuclear aromatic compounds, sulfur-modified pitch compounds, sulfur-modified aliphatic hydrocarbon oxides, sulfur-modified polyether compounds, polythienoacene compounds, carbon polysulfide compounds, sulfur-modified polyamide compounds, and sulfur-modified polyacrylonitrile compounds.1. A slurry composition comprising an organosulfur compound, a binder, an electroconductive agent, and a solvent, and having a pH of 4.0 to 9.0. 2. The slurry composition according to claim 1, further comprising a basic compound. 3. The slurry composition according to claim 2, wherein the basic compound is at least one member selected from the group consisting of ammonia, alkylamine compounds, ethanolamine compounds, polyamine compounds, aromatic amine compounds, alkali metal hydroxides, carbonic salt compounds, carboxylic salt compounds, and phosphoric salt compounds. 4. The slurry composition according to claim 1, wherein the organosulfur compound is at least one member selected from the group consisting of sulfur-modified elastomer compounds, sulfur-modified polynuclear aromatic compounds, sulfur-modified pitch compounds, sulfur-modified aliphatic hydrocarbon oxides, sulfur-modified polyether compounds, polythienoacene compounds, carbon polysulfide compounds, sulfur-modified polyamide compounds, and sulfur-modified polyacrylonitrile compounds. 5. The slurry composition according to claim 1, wherein the binder and the electroconductive agent are present in amounts of 1 to 30 parts and 0.1 to 50 parts, respectively, by mass per 100 parts by mass of the organosulfur compound. 6. An electrode comprising a current collector and an electrode mixture layer formed on the current collector, the electrode mixture layer being formed of the slurry composition according to claim 1. 7. The electrode according to claim 6, wherein the current collector is aluminum foil. 8. The electrode according to claim 6, being for lithium ion secondary batteries. 9. The slurry composition according to claim 2, wherein the organosulfur compound is at least one member selected from the group consisting of sulfur-modified elastomer compounds, sulfur-modified polynuclear aromatic compounds, sulfur-modified pitch compounds, sulfur-modified aliphatic hydrocarbon oxides, sulfur-modified polyether compounds, polythienoacene compounds, carbon polysulfide compounds, sulfur-modified polyamide compounds, and sulfur-modified polyacrylonitrile compounds. 10. The slurry composition according to claim 3, wherein the organosulfur compound is at least one member selected from the group consisting of sulfur-modified elastomer compounds, sulfur-modified polynuclear aromatic compounds, sulfur-modified pitch compounds, sulfur-modified aliphatic hydrocarbon oxides, sulfur-modified polyether compounds, polythienoacene compounds, carbon polysulfide compounds, sulfur-modified polyamide compounds, and sulfur-modified polyacrylonitrile compounds. 11. The slurry composition according to claim 2, wherein the binder and the electroconductive agent are present in amounts of 1 to 30 parts and 0.1 to 50 parts, respectively, by mass per 100 parts by mass of the organosulfur compound. 12. The slurry composition according to claim 3, wherein the binder and the electroconductive agent are present in amounts of 1 to 30 parts and 0.1 to 50 parts, respectively, by mass per 100 parts by mass of the organosulfur compound. 13. The slurry composition according to claim 4, wherein the binder and the electroconductive agent are present in amounts of 1 to 30 parts and 0.1 to 50 parts, respectively, by mass per 100 parts by mass of the organosulfur compound. 14. An electrode comprising a current collector and an electrode mixture layer formed on the current collector, the electrode mixture layer being formed of the slurry composition according to claim 2. 15. An electrode comprising a current collector and an electrode mixture layer formed on the current collector, the electrode mixture layer being formed of the slurry composition according to claim 3. 16. An electrode comprising a current collector and an electrode mixture layer formed on the current collector, the electrode mixture layer being formed of the slurry composition according to claim 4. 17. An electrode comprising a current collector and an electrode mixture layer formed on the current collector, the electrode mixture layer being formed of the slurry composition according to claim 5. 18. The electrode according to claim 7, being for lithium ion secondary batteries. 19. The slurry composition according to claim 9, wherein the binder and the electroconductive agent are present in amounts of 1 to 30 parts and 0.1 to 50 parts, respectively, by mass per 100 parts by mass of the organosulfur compound. 20. The slurry composition according to claim 10, wherein the binder and the electroconductive agent are present in amounts of 1 to 30 parts and 0.1 to 50 parts, respectively, by mass per 100 parts by mass of the organosulfur compound. | 2,600 |
349,265 | 350,139 | 16,757,923 | 2,675 | Described and illustrated is a device for filling and/or processing packagings, in particular composite cardboard packagings, and/or for processing packages, preferably comprising composite cardboard packagings, with a space delimited at least partially by side walls, in particular for receiving a sterile or aseptic atmosphere, with at least one cell carrier for receiving at least one packaging and/or package and with at least one transport device for transporting the packagings and/or packages at least partially and at least in sections through the space. In order to easily and reliably achieve a sterile or aseptic atmosphere in the limited space, it is provided that at least one side wall with a lower edge is immersed in a liquid bath and that the at least one cell carrier is guided beneath the side wall through the liquid bath outwards to the transport device arranged on the side of the side wall immersed in the liquid bath facing away from the space. | 1. A device for filling and/or processing packagings, in particular composite cardboard packagings, and/or for processing packagings, preferably comprising composite cardboard packagings, with a space delimited at least partially by side walls, in particular for receiving a sterile or aseptic atmosphere, with at least one cell carrier for receiving at least one packaging and/or package and with at least one transport device for transporting the packagings and/or packages at least partially and at least in sections through the space, characterised in that
at least one side wall with a lower edge is immersed in a liquid bath and that the at least one cell carrier is guided beneath the side wall through the liquid bath outwards to the transport device arranged on the side of the side wall immersed in the liquid bath facing away from the space. 2. The device according to claim 1,
characterised in that the liquid bath has a front end and a rear end as seen in the direction of transport, and that, preferably, the liquid bath extends between the front end and the rear end at least substantially in a straight line and/or parallel to the direction of transport of the cell carrier. 3. The device according to claim 1,
characterised in that the transport device is configured at least partially as a linear drive or belt drive and/or that a plurality of cell carriers connected to one another, in particular exclusively, via the transport device are provided for transporting the packagings and/or packages at least partially and at least in sections through the space. 4. The device according to claim 1,
characterised in that the transport device is configured for partially immersing the cell carrier in particular a U-shaped section of the cell carrier into the liquid bath in front of the edge of the side wall immersed in the liquid bath, as seen in the direction of transport of the cell carrier, and/or in that the transport device is configured for partially lifting the cell carrier, in particular a U-shaped section of the cell carrier, out of the liquid bath as seen in the direction of transport of the cell carrier behind the section of the side wall immersed in the liquid bath. 5. The device according to claim 4,
characterised in that the transport device is provided for vertically raising and/or lowering the cell carrier, in particular a U-shaped section of the cell carrier, for immersing and/or lifting out the cell carrier, in particular a U-shaped section of the cell carrier. 6. The device according to claim 4,
characterised in that the transport device is provided for pivoting in and/or pivoting out the cell carrier, in particular a U-shaped section of the cell carrier, for immersing and/or lifting out the cell carrier, in particular a U-shaped section of the cell carrier. 7. The device according to claim 4,
characterised in that the transport device has a guide and/or a link, preferably arranged outside the space, for vertically adjusting and/or pivoting the cell carrier, in particular a U-shaped section of the cell carrier, and in that, preferably, the at least one cell carrier is spring-loaded against the link and is provided for sliding and/or rolling on the link. 8. The device according to claim 4,
characterised in that the transport device is provided for transporting the at least one cell carrier immersing the cell carrier, in particular a U-shaped section of the cell carrier, into the liquid bath and/or for lifting the cell carrier, in particular a U-shaped section of the cell carrier, out of the liquid bath along a clothoid. 9. The device according to claim 1,
characterised in that the space is an aseptic chamber, a filling and sealing space, a sterilisation space, an aseptic space and/or a sterile space and/or that the device is a filling machine for filling and, preferably, closing the packagings, in particular cardboard composite packagings, and/or that the liquid bath is a water bath. 10. A method for filling and/or processing packagings, in particular composite cardboard packagings, and/or for processing packages, preferably comprising composite cardboard packagings, preferably using a device according to claim 1,
in which at least one cell carrier receiving at least one packaging and/or package is transported via at least one transport device at least partially through a space having in particular a sterile or aseptic atmosphere and at least partially delimited by side walls, in which the at least one cell carrier is immersed in sections in a liquid bath via the at least one transport device, in which the immersed section of the one cell carrier is arranged between two sections of the cell carrier arranged outside the liquid bath and is transported away via at least one transport device beneath an edge of the side wall likewise immersed in the liquid bath and in which the immersed section of the one cell carrier is moved out of the liquid bath after passing the edge of the side wall immersed in the liquid bath. 11. The method according to claim 10,
in which the at least one cell carrier is transported by at least one transport device provided outside the space and/or in which the section of the at least one cell carrier immersed in the liquid bath is immersed at a front end of the liquid bath as seen in the direction of transport and is moved out at a rear end of the liquid bath and/or in which the section of the at least one cell carrier immersed in the liquid bath is moved through the liquid bath at least substantially in a straight line and/or parallel to the direction of transport of the cell carrier. 12. The method according to claim 10,
in which the at least one cell carrier via a linear drive or belt drive of the transport device is in sections immersed in the liquid bath, moved through the liquid bath and/or moved out of the liquid bath and/or in which several cell carriers connected to one another, in particular exclusively, via the transport device are moved separately from the transport device at least along the liquid bath. 13. The method according to claim 10,
in which the at least one cell carrier, in particular a U-shaped section of the cell carrier, as seen in the direction of transport of the cell carrier, is immersed in the liquid bath in front of the edge of the side wall immersed in the liquid bath, in particular is lowered vertically into the liquid bath and/or is pivoted into the liquid bath, and/or in which the at least one cell carrier, in particular a U-shaped section of the cell carrier, as seen in the direction of transport of the cell carrier, is moved out of the liquid bath behind the edge of the side wall immersed in the liquid bath, in particular is raised vertically out of the liquid bath and/or pivoted out of the liquid bath. 14. The method according to claim 10,
is guided on a guide and/or link of the transport device for immersion in sections in the liquid bath, for moving away in sections beneath the edge of the side wall immersed in the liquid bath and/or for moving out of the liquid bath in sections, and in which, preferably, the at least one cell carrier for sliding and/or rolling on the link is set spring-loaded against the link. 15. The method according to claim 10,
in which the at least one cell carrier is moved at least in sections along a clothoid by the transport device for immersion in the liquid bath and/or for movement out of the liquid bath. | Described and illustrated is a device for filling and/or processing packagings, in particular composite cardboard packagings, and/or for processing packages, preferably comprising composite cardboard packagings, with a space delimited at least partially by side walls, in particular for receiving a sterile or aseptic atmosphere, with at least one cell carrier for receiving at least one packaging and/or package and with at least one transport device for transporting the packagings and/or packages at least partially and at least in sections through the space. In order to easily and reliably achieve a sterile or aseptic atmosphere in the limited space, it is provided that at least one side wall with a lower edge is immersed in a liquid bath and that the at least one cell carrier is guided beneath the side wall through the liquid bath outwards to the transport device arranged on the side of the side wall immersed in the liquid bath facing away from the space.1. A device for filling and/or processing packagings, in particular composite cardboard packagings, and/or for processing packagings, preferably comprising composite cardboard packagings, with a space delimited at least partially by side walls, in particular for receiving a sterile or aseptic atmosphere, with at least one cell carrier for receiving at least one packaging and/or package and with at least one transport device for transporting the packagings and/or packages at least partially and at least in sections through the space, characterised in that
at least one side wall with a lower edge is immersed in a liquid bath and that the at least one cell carrier is guided beneath the side wall through the liquid bath outwards to the transport device arranged on the side of the side wall immersed in the liquid bath facing away from the space. 2. The device according to claim 1,
characterised in that the liquid bath has a front end and a rear end as seen in the direction of transport, and that, preferably, the liquid bath extends between the front end and the rear end at least substantially in a straight line and/or parallel to the direction of transport of the cell carrier. 3. The device according to claim 1,
characterised in that the transport device is configured at least partially as a linear drive or belt drive and/or that a plurality of cell carriers connected to one another, in particular exclusively, via the transport device are provided for transporting the packagings and/or packages at least partially and at least in sections through the space. 4. The device according to claim 1,
characterised in that the transport device is configured for partially immersing the cell carrier in particular a U-shaped section of the cell carrier into the liquid bath in front of the edge of the side wall immersed in the liquid bath, as seen in the direction of transport of the cell carrier, and/or in that the transport device is configured for partially lifting the cell carrier, in particular a U-shaped section of the cell carrier, out of the liquid bath as seen in the direction of transport of the cell carrier behind the section of the side wall immersed in the liquid bath. 5. The device according to claim 4,
characterised in that the transport device is provided for vertically raising and/or lowering the cell carrier, in particular a U-shaped section of the cell carrier, for immersing and/or lifting out the cell carrier, in particular a U-shaped section of the cell carrier. 6. The device according to claim 4,
characterised in that the transport device is provided for pivoting in and/or pivoting out the cell carrier, in particular a U-shaped section of the cell carrier, for immersing and/or lifting out the cell carrier, in particular a U-shaped section of the cell carrier. 7. The device according to claim 4,
characterised in that the transport device has a guide and/or a link, preferably arranged outside the space, for vertically adjusting and/or pivoting the cell carrier, in particular a U-shaped section of the cell carrier, and in that, preferably, the at least one cell carrier is spring-loaded against the link and is provided for sliding and/or rolling on the link. 8. The device according to claim 4,
characterised in that the transport device is provided for transporting the at least one cell carrier immersing the cell carrier, in particular a U-shaped section of the cell carrier, into the liquid bath and/or for lifting the cell carrier, in particular a U-shaped section of the cell carrier, out of the liquid bath along a clothoid. 9. The device according to claim 1,
characterised in that the space is an aseptic chamber, a filling and sealing space, a sterilisation space, an aseptic space and/or a sterile space and/or that the device is a filling machine for filling and, preferably, closing the packagings, in particular cardboard composite packagings, and/or that the liquid bath is a water bath. 10. A method for filling and/or processing packagings, in particular composite cardboard packagings, and/or for processing packages, preferably comprising composite cardboard packagings, preferably using a device according to claim 1,
in which at least one cell carrier receiving at least one packaging and/or package is transported via at least one transport device at least partially through a space having in particular a sterile or aseptic atmosphere and at least partially delimited by side walls, in which the at least one cell carrier is immersed in sections in a liquid bath via the at least one transport device, in which the immersed section of the one cell carrier is arranged between two sections of the cell carrier arranged outside the liquid bath and is transported away via at least one transport device beneath an edge of the side wall likewise immersed in the liquid bath and in which the immersed section of the one cell carrier is moved out of the liquid bath after passing the edge of the side wall immersed in the liquid bath. 11. The method according to claim 10,
in which the at least one cell carrier is transported by at least one transport device provided outside the space and/or in which the section of the at least one cell carrier immersed in the liquid bath is immersed at a front end of the liquid bath as seen in the direction of transport and is moved out at a rear end of the liquid bath and/or in which the section of the at least one cell carrier immersed in the liquid bath is moved through the liquid bath at least substantially in a straight line and/or parallel to the direction of transport of the cell carrier. 12. The method according to claim 10,
in which the at least one cell carrier via a linear drive or belt drive of the transport device is in sections immersed in the liquid bath, moved through the liquid bath and/or moved out of the liquid bath and/or in which several cell carriers connected to one another, in particular exclusively, via the transport device are moved separately from the transport device at least along the liquid bath. 13. The method according to claim 10,
in which the at least one cell carrier, in particular a U-shaped section of the cell carrier, as seen in the direction of transport of the cell carrier, is immersed in the liquid bath in front of the edge of the side wall immersed in the liquid bath, in particular is lowered vertically into the liquid bath and/or is pivoted into the liquid bath, and/or in which the at least one cell carrier, in particular a U-shaped section of the cell carrier, as seen in the direction of transport of the cell carrier, is moved out of the liquid bath behind the edge of the side wall immersed in the liquid bath, in particular is raised vertically out of the liquid bath and/or pivoted out of the liquid bath. 14. The method according to claim 10,
is guided on a guide and/or link of the transport device for immersion in sections in the liquid bath, for moving away in sections beneath the edge of the side wall immersed in the liquid bath and/or for moving out of the liquid bath in sections, and in which, preferably, the at least one cell carrier for sliding and/or rolling on the link is set spring-loaded against the link. 15. The method according to claim 10,
in which the at least one cell carrier is moved at least in sections along a clothoid by the transport device for immersion in the liquid bath and/or for movement out of the liquid bath. | 2,600 |
349,266 | 350,140 | 16,757,836 | 2,675 | The present invention relates to the field of fluid heat transfer, and discloses a heat transfer enhancement pipe as well as a cracking furnace and an atmospheric and vacuum heating furnace including the same. The heat transfer enhancement pipe (1) includes a pipe body (10) of tubular shape having an inlet (100) for entering of a fluid and an outlet (101) for said fluid to flow out; internal wall of the pipe body (10) is provided with a fin (11) protruding towards interior of the pipe body (10), wherein the fin (11) has one or more fin sections extending spirally in the axial direction of the pipe body (10), and each fin section has a first end surface facing the inlet (100) and a second end surface facing the outlet (101), at least one of the first end surface and the second end surface of at least one of the rib sections is formed as a transition surface along spirally extending direction. The heat transfer enhancement pipe can reduce thermal stress of itself, thereby increasing service life of the heat transfer enhancement pipe. | 1. A heat transfer enhancement pipe comprising:
a pipe body of a tubular shape having an inlet for entering of a fluid and an outlet for the fluid to flow out; wherein: an internal wall of the pipe body is provided with a fin protruding towards interior of the pipe body, the fin has one or more fin sections extending spirally in an axial direction of the pipe body, each fin section has a first end surface facing the inlet and a second end surface facing the outlet, and at least one of the first end surface and the second end surface of at least one of the fin sections is formed as a transition surface along a spirally extending direction. 2. The heat transfer enhancement pipe according to claim 1, wherein the transition surface is a flat face or a curved face. 3. The heat transfer enhancement pipe according to claim 2, wherein the first end surface of a fin section closest to the inlet is formed as a first transition surface. 4. The heat transfer enhancement pipe according to claim 2, wherein the second end surface of a fin section closest to the outlet is formed as a second transition surface. 5. The heat transfer enhancement pipe according to claim 2, wherein a top surface of the fin facing a central axis of the pipe body is formed as a third transition surface of a concave shape. 6. The heat transfer enhancement pipe according to claim 2, wherein the one or more fin sections are spaced by one or more intervals, at least one of a first end surface and a second end surface defined by two side walls of an interval is formed as a fourth transition surface. 7. The heat transfer enhancement pipe according to claim 1, further comprising a plurality of fins that, as viewed from the direction of the inlet, are clockwise or counterclockwise spirals and enclose at the center of the pipe body a hole extending in the axial direction of the pipe body. 8. The heat transfer enhancement pipe according to claim 1, wherein a heat insulator at least partially surrounds an external circumference of the pipe body. 9. The heat transfer enhancement pipe according to claim 8, wherein the heat insulator has a tubular shape and is configured to be sleeved on the outside of the pipe body, and a gap is left between the heat insulator and an external wall of the pipe body. 10. The heat transfer enhancement pipe according to claim 9, wherein a connector for connecting the heat insulator and the pipe body is arranged between the heat insulator and the pipe body. 11. The heat transfer enhancement pipe according to claim 10, wherein the connector comprises one or more of the following structures:
a first connecting piece that extends in an axial direction parallel to the pipe body; a second connecting piece that extends spirally along the external wall of the pipe body; and a connecting rod with its two ends respectively connected to the external wall of the pipe body and an internal wall of the heat insulator. 12. The heat transfer enhancement pipe according to claim 8, wherein the heat insulator comprises:
a straight pipe section having a first end and a second end; a first tapered pipe section; and a second tapered pipe section, the first tapered pipe section and the second tapered pipe section configured to be respectively connected to the first end and second end of the straight pipe section; wherein the first tapered pipe section is tapered in a direction from close to the first end to away from the first end; and the second tapered pipe section is tapered in a direction from close to the second end to away from the second end. 13. The heat transfer enhancement pipe according to claim 1, wherein a heat insulating layer is provided on an external surface of the pipe body. 14. The heat transfer enhancement pipe according to claim 13, wherein the heat insulating layer comprises a metal alloy layer outside of the external surface of the pipe body and a ceramic layer outside of the metal alloy layer. 15. The heat transfer enhancement pipe according to claim 14, wherein the heat insulating layer comprises an oxide layer between the metal alloy layer and the ceramic layer; and the oxide layer is prepared and formed by alumina, silica, titania, or a mixture of any two or more materials selected from alumina, silica, and titania. 16. The heat transfer enhancement pipe according to claim 14, wherein the metal alloy layer is prepared and formed by metal alloy materials including M, Cr, Al, and Y, wherein M is selected from one or more of Fe, Ni, Co, and Al. 17. The heat transfer enhancement pipe according to claim 16, wherein the metal alloy layer further comprises one or more additive materials selected from Si, Ti, Co, and Al2O3. 18. The heat transfer enhancement pipe according to claim 14, wherein the ceramic layer is prepared and formed by one or more materials selected from yttria-stabilized zirconia, magnesia-stabilized zirconia, calcia-stabilized zirconia, and ceria-stabilized zirconia. 19. The heat transfer enhancement pipe according to claim 13, wherein the heat insulating layer (17) comprises:
a straight section having a first end and a second end; a first tapered section; and a second tapered section; the first tapered section and the second tapered section configured to be respectively connected to the first end and second end of the straight section, wherein the first tapered section is tapered in a direction from close to the first end to away from the first end; and the second tapered section is tapered in a direction from close to the second end to away from the second end. 20. A cracking furnace or atmospheric and vacuum heating furnace, comprising:
a radiation chamber, in which at least one furnace pipe assembly is installed; wherein the at least one furnace pipe assembly comprises a plurality of furnace pipes arranged in sequence and a heat transfer enhancement pipe communicating adjacent furnace pipes; and the heat transfer enhancement pipe is the heat transfer enhancement pipe according to claim 1. | The present invention relates to the field of fluid heat transfer, and discloses a heat transfer enhancement pipe as well as a cracking furnace and an atmospheric and vacuum heating furnace including the same. The heat transfer enhancement pipe (1) includes a pipe body (10) of tubular shape having an inlet (100) for entering of a fluid and an outlet (101) for said fluid to flow out; internal wall of the pipe body (10) is provided with a fin (11) protruding towards interior of the pipe body (10), wherein the fin (11) has one or more fin sections extending spirally in the axial direction of the pipe body (10), and each fin section has a first end surface facing the inlet (100) and a second end surface facing the outlet (101), at least one of the first end surface and the second end surface of at least one of the rib sections is formed as a transition surface along spirally extending direction. The heat transfer enhancement pipe can reduce thermal stress of itself, thereby increasing service life of the heat transfer enhancement pipe.1. A heat transfer enhancement pipe comprising:
a pipe body of a tubular shape having an inlet for entering of a fluid and an outlet for the fluid to flow out; wherein: an internal wall of the pipe body is provided with a fin protruding towards interior of the pipe body, the fin has one or more fin sections extending spirally in an axial direction of the pipe body, each fin section has a first end surface facing the inlet and a second end surface facing the outlet, and at least one of the first end surface and the second end surface of at least one of the fin sections is formed as a transition surface along a spirally extending direction. 2. The heat transfer enhancement pipe according to claim 1, wherein the transition surface is a flat face or a curved face. 3. The heat transfer enhancement pipe according to claim 2, wherein the first end surface of a fin section closest to the inlet is formed as a first transition surface. 4. The heat transfer enhancement pipe according to claim 2, wherein the second end surface of a fin section closest to the outlet is formed as a second transition surface. 5. The heat transfer enhancement pipe according to claim 2, wherein a top surface of the fin facing a central axis of the pipe body is formed as a third transition surface of a concave shape. 6. The heat transfer enhancement pipe according to claim 2, wherein the one or more fin sections are spaced by one or more intervals, at least one of a first end surface and a second end surface defined by two side walls of an interval is formed as a fourth transition surface. 7. The heat transfer enhancement pipe according to claim 1, further comprising a plurality of fins that, as viewed from the direction of the inlet, are clockwise or counterclockwise spirals and enclose at the center of the pipe body a hole extending in the axial direction of the pipe body. 8. The heat transfer enhancement pipe according to claim 1, wherein a heat insulator at least partially surrounds an external circumference of the pipe body. 9. The heat transfer enhancement pipe according to claim 8, wherein the heat insulator has a tubular shape and is configured to be sleeved on the outside of the pipe body, and a gap is left between the heat insulator and an external wall of the pipe body. 10. The heat transfer enhancement pipe according to claim 9, wherein a connector for connecting the heat insulator and the pipe body is arranged between the heat insulator and the pipe body. 11. The heat transfer enhancement pipe according to claim 10, wherein the connector comprises one or more of the following structures:
a first connecting piece that extends in an axial direction parallel to the pipe body; a second connecting piece that extends spirally along the external wall of the pipe body; and a connecting rod with its two ends respectively connected to the external wall of the pipe body and an internal wall of the heat insulator. 12. The heat transfer enhancement pipe according to claim 8, wherein the heat insulator comprises:
a straight pipe section having a first end and a second end; a first tapered pipe section; and a second tapered pipe section, the first tapered pipe section and the second tapered pipe section configured to be respectively connected to the first end and second end of the straight pipe section; wherein the first tapered pipe section is tapered in a direction from close to the first end to away from the first end; and the second tapered pipe section is tapered in a direction from close to the second end to away from the second end. 13. The heat transfer enhancement pipe according to claim 1, wherein a heat insulating layer is provided on an external surface of the pipe body. 14. The heat transfer enhancement pipe according to claim 13, wherein the heat insulating layer comprises a metal alloy layer outside of the external surface of the pipe body and a ceramic layer outside of the metal alloy layer. 15. The heat transfer enhancement pipe according to claim 14, wherein the heat insulating layer comprises an oxide layer between the metal alloy layer and the ceramic layer; and the oxide layer is prepared and formed by alumina, silica, titania, or a mixture of any two or more materials selected from alumina, silica, and titania. 16. The heat transfer enhancement pipe according to claim 14, wherein the metal alloy layer is prepared and formed by metal alloy materials including M, Cr, Al, and Y, wherein M is selected from one or more of Fe, Ni, Co, and Al. 17. The heat transfer enhancement pipe according to claim 16, wherein the metal alloy layer further comprises one or more additive materials selected from Si, Ti, Co, and Al2O3. 18. The heat transfer enhancement pipe according to claim 14, wherein the ceramic layer is prepared and formed by one or more materials selected from yttria-stabilized zirconia, magnesia-stabilized zirconia, calcia-stabilized zirconia, and ceria-stabilized zirconia. 19. The heat transfer enhancement pipe according to claim 13, wherein the heat insulating layer (17) comprises:
a straight section having a first end and a second end; a first tapered section; and a second tapered section; the first tapered section and the second tapered section configured to be respectively connected to the first end and second end of the straight section, wherein the first tapered section is tapered in a direction from close to the first end to away from the first end; and the second tapered section is tapered in a direction from close to the second end to away from the second end. 20. A cracking furnace or atmospheric and vacuum heating furnace, comprising:
a radiation chamber, in which at least one furnace pipe assembly is installed; wherein the at least one furnace pipe assembly comprises a plurality of furnace pipes arranged in sequence and a heat transfer enhancement pipe communicating adjacent furnace pipes; and the heat transfer enhancement pipe is the heat transfer enhancement pipe according to claim 1. | 2,600 |
349,267 | 350,141 | 16,757,903 | 2,675 | The present application provides a method for determining a random access resource by a terminal in a wireless communication system, the method comprising: receiving, from a base station, configuration information corresponding to a synchronization signal block(SSB) including a SSB index, a random access preamble index and a random access channel mask index; determining a random access resource based on the SSB index and the random access channel mask index; determining a random access preamble based on the random access preamble index; and transmitting, to the base station, the random access preamble on the random access resource. | 1. A method for determining a random access resource by a terminal in a wireless communication system, the method comprising:
receiving, from a base station, configuration information corresponding to a synchronization signal block (SSB) including a SSB index, a random access preamble index and a random access channel mask index; determining a random access resource based on the SSB index and the random access channel mask index; determining a random access channel occasion (RO), based on the random access channel mask index; determining a random access preamble based on the random access preamble index; and transmitting, to the base station, the random access preamble on the random access resource. 2. The method of claim 1, comprising:
determining absolute time difference between a radio frame of a serving cell and a radio frame of a target cell based on configuration information corresponding to a SSB of the target cell, wherein the absolute time difference is less than 153600 Ts, if a SSB to RO mapping period is not equal to 10 ms. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the RO corresponds to a SSB. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein a RO index is ordered in a manner of frequency domain first. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining of the RO further comprises:
determining the RO in a first available complete SSB-to-RO mapping from among one or more complete SSB-to-RO mapping corresponding to a RO index. 6. A method determining a random access resource by a base station in a wireless communication system, the method comprising:
transmitting, to a terminal, configuration information corresponding to a synchronization signal block (SSB) including a SSB index, a random access preamble index and a random access channel mask index; receiving, from the terminal, a random access preamble determined based on the random access preamble index on a random access channel resource determined based on the SSB index and the random access channel mask index; and transmitting, to the terminal, a random access response (RAR) based on the random access preamble, wherein the random access channel mask index indicates a random access channel occasion (RO). 7. (canceled) 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the RO corresponds to a SSB. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein a RO index is ordered in a manner of frequency domain first. 10. A terminal for determining a random access resource, the terminal comprising:
a transceiver; and at least one controller coupled with the transceiver and configured to:
receive, from a base station, configuration information corresponding to a synchronization signal block (SSB) including a SSB index, a random access preamble index and a random access channel mask index
determine a random access resource based on the SSB index and the random access channel mask index,
determine a random access channel occasion (RO), based on the random access channel mask index,
determine a random access preamble based on the random access preamble index, and
transmit, to the base station, the random access preamble on the random access resource. 11. The terminal of claim 10, wherein the at least one controller is further configured to:
determine the RO in a first available complete SSB-to-RO mapping from among one or more complete SSB-to-RO mapping corresponding to a RO index. 12. The terminal of claim 10, wherein a RO index is ordered in a manner of frequency domain first. 13. A base station for determining a random access resource, the base station comprising:
a transceiver; and at least one controller coupled with the transceiver and configured to:
transmit, to a terminal, configuration information corresponding to a synchronization signal block (SSB) including a SSB index, a random access preamble index and a random access channel mask index,
receive, from the terminal, a random access preamble determined based on the random access preamble index on a random access channel resource determined based on the SSB index and the random access channel mask index, and
transmit, to the terminal, a random access response (RAR) based on the random access preamble,
wherein the random access channel mask index indicates a random access channel occasion (RO). 14. The base station of claim 13, wherein the RO corresponds to a SSB. 15. The base station of claim 14, wherein a RO index is ordered in a manner of frequency domain first. 16. The terminal of claim 10, wherein the RO corresponds to a SSB. | The present application provides a method for determining a random access resource by a terminal in a wireless communication system, the method comprising: receiving, from a base station, configuration information corresponding to a synchronization signal block(SSB) including a SSB index, a random access preamble index and a random access channel mask index; determining a random access resource based on the SSB index and the random access channel mask index; determining a random access preamble based on the random access preamble index; and transmitting, to the base station, the random access preamble on the random access resource.1. A method for determining a random access resource by a terminal in a wireless communication system, the method comprising:
receiving, from a base station, configuration information corresponding to a synchronization signal block (SSB) including a SSB index, a random access preamble index and a random access channel mask index; determining a random access resource based on the SSB index and the random access channel mask index; determining a random access channel occasion (RO), based on the random access channel mask index; determining a random access preamble based on the random access preamble index; and transmitting, to the base station, the random access preamble on the random access resource. 2. The method of claim 1, comprising:
determining absolute time difference between a radio frame of a serving cell and a radio frame of a target cell based on configuration information corresponding to a SSB of the target cell, wherein the absolute time difference is less than 153600 Ts, if a SSB to RO mapping period is not equal to 10 ms. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the RO corresponds to a SSB. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein a RO index is ordered in a manner of frequency domain first. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining of the RO further comprises:
determining the RO in a first available complete SSB-to-RO mapping from among one or more complete SSB-to-RO mapping corresponding to a RO index. 6. A method determining a random access resource by a base station in a wireless communication system, the method comprising:
transmitting, to a terminal, configuration information corresponding to a synchronization signal block (SSB) including a SSB index, a random access preamble index and a random access channel mask index; receiving, from the terminal, a random access preamble determined based on the random access preamble index on a random access channel resource determined based on the SSB index and the random access channel mask index; and transmitting, to the terminal, a random access response (RAR) based on the random access preamble, wherein the random access channel mask index indicates a random access channel occasion (RO). 7. (canceled) 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the RO corresponds to a SSB. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein a RO index is ordered in a manner of frequency domain first. 10. A terminal for determining a random access resource, the terminal comprising:
a transceiver; and at least one controller coupled with the transceiver and configured to:
receive, from a base station, configuration information corresponding to a synchronization signal block (SSB) including a SSB index, a random access preamble index and a random access channel mask index
determine a random access resource based on the SSB index and the random access channel mask index,
determine a random access channel occasion (RO), based on the random access channel mask index,
determine a random access preamble based on the random access preamble index, and
transmit, to the base station, the random access preamble on the random access resource. 11. The terminal of claim 10, wherein the at least one controller is further configured to:
determine the RO in a first available complete SSB-to-RO mapping from among one or more complete SSB-to-RO mapping corresponding to a RO index. 12. The terminal of claim 10, wherein a RO index is ordered in a manner of frequency domain first. 13. A base station for determining a random access resource, the base station comprising:
a transceiver; and at least one controller coupled with the transceiver and configured to:
transmit, to a terminal, configuration information corresponding to a synchronization signal block (SSB) including a SSB index, a random access preamble index and a random access channel mask index,
receive, from the terminal, a random access preamble determined based on the random access preamble index on a random access channel resource determined based on the SSB index and the random access channel mask index, and
transmit, to the terminal, a random access response (RAR) based on the random access preamble,
wherein the random access channel mask index indicates a random access channel occasion (RO). 14. The base station of claim 13, wherein the RO corresponds to a SSB. 15. The base station of claim 14, wherein a RO index is ordered in a manner of frequency domain first. 16. The terminal of claim 10, wherein the RO corresponds to a SSB. | 2,600 |
349,268 | 350,142 | 16,757,952 | 3,628 | A device and method for assisting a client when requesting a mobile service vehicle which includes a vehicle carriage and a passenger compartment temporarily connected to the vehicle carriage and equipped for the service in question. The method includes determining a need of the client for obtaining a service during a journey, determining that the client's preference for meeting the need cannot be met and, automatically emitting an alternative suggestion to meet the need. | 1. A method for assisting a customer when requesting a mobile service vehicle comprising a vehicle carrier and a cabin (CAB) which is temporarily connected to the vehicle carrier and is equipped to perform the service, the method comprising:
determining a need of the customer to obtain a service during a journey; determining that a preference of the customer for satisfying the need cannot be met; and in response to determining that the customer preference cannot be met, automatically outputting an alternative suggestion with respect to the customer preference. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the need of the customer is determined by:
selecting a CAB; and/or defining a journey time; and/or defining a pickup location; and/or defining a destination. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising highlighting an entry assigned to the alternative suggestion in a presentation of search results in comparison with other entries in the presentation of search results. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the determination that the preference cannot be met is based on a ready status and/or an occupancy status of the CAB. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the alternative suggestion with respect to the preference is automatically output by a wireless communication device belonging to the customer. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the alternative suggestion defines:
an alternative CAB; and/or an alternative category of the service; and/or an alternative journey time; and/or an alternative pickup location; and/or an alternative destination. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining a data record which especially qualifies a CAB as an alternative suggestion, and presenting an alternative suggestion with the output of a boundary condition predefined in the data record. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
determining a selection of the CAB, to which the boundary condition is assigned, by the customer, and using the boundary condition defined in the data record to book the CAB. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the alternative suggestion is determined based on a predefined relationship between the preference and a CAB assigned to the alternative suggestion. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the alternative suggestion is determined based on the basis of a movement and/or consumption history of the customer. 11. An apparatus for assisting a customer when requesting a mobile service vehicle comprising a vehicle carrier and a cabin (CAB), which is temporarily connected to the vehicle carrier and is equipped to perform the service, the apparatus comprising:
a data input; an evaluation unit; and a data output, wherein the evaluation unit is configured to:
determine a need of the customer to obtain a service during a journey by means of the data input,
determine that a preference of the customer for satisfying the need cannot be met and, in response thereto, and
automatically output an alternative suggestion with respect to the preference by the data output. 12. (canceled) 13. A non-transitory computer program product comprising computer readable instructions which, when executed on a computer processor, cause the processor to provide functionality of the evaluation unit of the apparatus of claim 11. 14. (canceled) | A device and method for assisting a client when requesting a mobile service vehicle which includes a vehicle carriage and a passenger compartment temporarily connected to the vehicle carriage and equipped for the service in question. The method includes determining a need of the client for obtaining a service during a journey, determining that the client's preference for meeting the need cannot be met and, automatically emitting an alternative suggestion to meet the need.1. A method for assisting a customer when requesting a mobile service vehicle comprising a vehicle carrier and a cabin (CAB) which is temporarily connected to the vehicle carrier and is equipped to perform the service, the method comprising:
determining a need of the customer to obtain a service during a journey; determining that a preference of the customer for satisfying the need cannot be met; and in response to determining that the customer preference cannot be met, automatically outputting an alternative suggestion with respect to the customer preference. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the need of the customer is determined by:
selecting a CAB; and/or defining a journey time; and/or defining a pickup location; and/or defining a destination. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising highlighting an entry assigned to the alternative suggestion in a presentation of search results in comparison with other entries in the presentation of search results. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the determination that the preference cannot be met is based on a ready status and/or an occupancy status of the CAB. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the alternative suggestion with respect to the preference is automatically output by a wireless communication device belonging to the customer. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the alternative suggestion defines:
an alternative CAB; and/or an alternative category of the service; and/or an alternative journey time; and/or an alternative pickup location; and/or an alternative destination. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining a data record which especially qualifies a CAB as an alternative suggestion, and presenting an alternative suggestion with the output of a boundary condition predefined in the data record. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
determining a selection of the CAB, to which the boundary condition is assigned, by the customer, and using the boundary condition defined in the data record to book the CAB. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the alternative suggestion is determined based on a predefined relationship between the preference and a CAB assigned to the alternative suggestion. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the alternative suggestion is determined based on the basis of a movement and/or consumption history of the customer. 11. An apparatus for assisting a customer when requesting a mobile service vehicle comprising a vehicle carrier and a cabin (CAB), which is temporarily connected to the vehicle carrier and is equipped to perform the service, the apparatus comprising:
a data input; an evaluation unit; and a data output, wherein the evaluation unit is configured to:
determine a need of the customer to obtain a service during a journey by means of the data input,
determine that a preference of the customer for satisfying the need cannot be met and, in response thereto, and
automatically output an alternative suggestion with respect to the preference by the data output. 12. (canceled) 13. A non-transitory computer program product comprising computer readable instructions which, when executed on a computer processor, cause the processor to provide functionality of the evaluation unit of the apparatus of claim 11. 14. (canceled) | 3,600 |
349,269 | 350,143 | 16,757,890 | 3,628 | A fender davit device is disclosed. The fender davit device in accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure includes a fender and a davit comprising a hauling line holding the fender and a winch configured to move the fender by winding or unwinding the hauling line. The fender davit device also includes a hauling line tension maintaining part configured to maintain a tension of the hauling line holding the fender to prevent the hauling line from breaking. | 1. A fender davit device, comprising:
a fender; a davit configured by comprising a hauling line holding the fender and a winch configured to move the fender by winding or unwinding the hauling line; and a hauling line tension maintaining part configured to maintain a tension of the hauling line holding the fender to prevent the hauling line from breaking. 2. The fender davit device of claim 1, wherein the hauling line tension maintaining part comprises:
a first idle pulley wound at an intermediate portion of the hauling line between the fender and the winch; and a tensioner connected to the first idle pulley to pull the first idle pulley downwardly with a predetermined strength. 3. The fender davit device of claim 2, wherein the tensioner comprises:
a rope being connected to the first idle pulley; a roller having the rope wound thereon; a stationary axle penetrating in the roller; and a spring being arranged between the stationary axle and the roller. 4. The fender davit device of claim 2, wherein the hauling line tension maintaining part further comprises a slider configured to guide a movement of the first idle pulley. 5. The fender davit device of claim 2, wherein the davit comprises a first fixed pulley and a second fixed pulley, and
wherein the first idle pulley is positioned between the first fixed pulley and the second fixed pulley. 6. The fender davit device of claim 1, wherein the hauling line tension maintaining part comprises:
a first idle pulley wound at an intermediate portion of the hauling line between the fender and the winch; a sheave block having the first idle pulley installed therein; and a slider configured to guide the sheave block to move upward and downward relative to the davit. 7. The fender davit device of claim 6, further comprising a second idle pulley installed in the sheave block to allow the hauling line wound thereon. 8. The fender davit device of claim 7, wherein the davit comprises a first fixed pulley, a second fixed pulley, and a third fixed pulley installed therein,
wherein the first idle pulley is configured to change a direction of the hauling line wound on the first fixed pulley and the second fixed pulley, and wherein the second idle pulley is configured to change a direction of the hauling line wound on the second fixed pulley and the third fixed pulley. 9. The fender davit device of claim 6, further comprising a sheave block weight detachably installed in the sheave block and configured to adjust a weight of the sheave block corresponding to a load applied to the hauling line. | A fender davit device is disclosed. The fender davit device in accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure includes a fender and a davit comprising a hauling line holding the fender and a winch configured to move the fender by winding or unwinding the hauling line. The fender davit device also includes a hauling line tension maintaining part configured to maintain a tension of the hauling line holding the fender to prevent the hauling line from breaking.1. A fender davit device, comprising:
a fender; a davit configured by comprising a hauling line holding the fender and a winch configured to move the fender by winding or unwinding the hauling line; and a hauling line tension maintaining part configured to maintain a tension of the hauling line holding the fender to prevent the hauling line from breaking. 2. The fender davit device of claim 1, wherein the hauling line tension maintaining part comprises:
a first idle pulley wound at an intermediate portion of the hauling line between the fender and the winch; and a tensioner connected to the first idle pulley to pull the first idle pulley downwardly with a predetermined strength. 3. The fender davit device of claim 2, wherein the tensioner comprises:
a rope being connected to the first idle pulley; a roller having the rope wound thereon; a stationary axle penetrating in the roller; and a spring being arranged between the stationary axle and the roller. 4. The fender davit device of claim 2, wherein the hauling line tension maintaining part further comprises a slider configured to guide a movement of the first idle pulley. 5. The fender davit device of claim 2, wherein the davit comprises a first fixed pulley and a second fixed pulley, and
wherein the first idle pulley is positioned between the first fixed pulley and the second fixed pulley. 6. The fender davit device of claim 1, wherein the hauling line tension maintaining part comprises:
a first idle pulley wound at an intermediate portion of the hauling line between the fender and the winch; a sheave block having the first idle pulley installed therein; and a slider configured to guide the sheave block to move upward and downward relative to the davit. 7. The fender davit device of claim 6, further comprising a second idle pulley installed in the sheave block to allow the hauling line wound thereon. 8. The fender davit device of claim 7, wherein the davit comprises a first fixed pulley, a second fixed pulley, and a third fixed pulley installed therein,
wherein the first idle pulley is configured to change a direction of the hauling line wound on the first fixed pulley and the second fixed pulley, and wherein the second idle pulley is configured to change a direction of the hauling line wound on the second fixed pulley and the third fixed pulley. 9. The fender davit device of claim 6, further comprising a sheave block weight detachably installed in the sheave block and configured to adjust a weight of the sheave block corresponding to a load applied to the hauling line. | 3,600 |
349,270 | 350,144 | 16,757,901 | 3,628 | According to an aspect, there is provided a method for performing in an access node time- and frequency scheduling for a cell comprising two or more subcells. The method comprises the following steps. The access node selects a set of one or more active beams for each of at least two of subcells comprised in the two or more subcells from beams produced by an antenna array of the access node. The access node performs time-scheduling for the cell in common. Finally, the access node performs frequency-scheduling separately and in parallel for each of the at least two subcells for transmission using a corresponding set of one or more active beams. | 1-23. (canceled) 24. A method for performing in an access node time- and frequency scheduling for a cell comprising two or more subcells, the method comprising:
selecting a set of one or more active beams for each of at least two subcells comprised in the two or more subcells from beams produced by an antenna array of the access node; performing time-scheduling for the cell in common; and performing frequency-scheduling separately and in parallel for each of the at least two subcells for transmission using a corresponding set of one or more active beams. 25. A method according to claim 24, wherein the selecting the set of one or more active beams for each of the at least two of subcells comprises:
receiving radio channel measurements of terminal devices within the cell; determining for each terminal device in the cell a preferred beam from the beams based on the radio channel measurements, the preferred beam providing best channel quality for the terminal device; mapping each of the beams produced by the antenna array to one of the subcells based on preferred beams of the terminal devices in different subcells and a load balancing scheme; and selecting the set of one or more active beams for each of the at least two of subcells from mapped beams of a corresponding subcell such that all beams comprised in selected sets of one or more active beams are substantially spatially orthogonal at least for terminal devices with highest scheduling priority in each of the at least two subcells. 26. A method according to claim 25, further comprising:
repeating the determining, the mapping, the selecting, the performing the time-scheduling and the performing the frequency-scheduling periodically based on a first timer and the selecting, the performing the time-scheduling and the performing the frequency-scheduling periodically based on a second timer, wherein the first timer has a longer period than the second timer. 27. A method according to claim 25, wherein the selecting the set of one or more active beams comprises selecting sets of one or more active beams from a first white list generated by performing the following:
1) establishing a first white list for sets of one or more active beams for the at least two subcells, a first black list of beams and a second black list of terminal devices; 2) determining for each beam of the antenna array a set of non-orthogonal beams based on beam separation criteria in azimuth and/or elevation directions; 3) selecting a first terminal device with the highest scheduling priority from the terminal devices excluding terminal devices having a preferred beam in the first white list and terminal devices in the second black list; 4) adding a preferred beam of the first terminal device to the first white list; 5) adding to the first black list any beams fulfilling following three conditions: the beams are not mapped to a first subcell, the beams belong to the set of non-orthogonal beams of the preferred beam of the first terminal device and the beams are not in the first white list; 6) adding each terminal device having a preferred beam belonging to the first black list to the second black list of terminal devices; and 7) repeating 3) to 6) until no terminal devices are selectable in 3). 28. A method according to claim 27, wherein the frequency-scheduling is performed only for terminal devices not in the second black list. 29. A method according to claim 27, further comprising:
after the selecting the sets of one or more active beams by forming the first white list, in response to the first white list excluding all beams mapped for at least one subcell, enabling parallel frequency-scheduling of at least two terminal devices for at least one subcell associated with the first white list based on one or more of the following: scheduling priority, amount of data in buffer, load of each subcell and number of beams available in each subcell that are not in the first black list. 30. A method according to claim 27, further comprising:
after selecting the sets of one or more active beams by forming the first white list, in response to all beams of at least one subcell being excluded from the first white list, enabling frequency-scheduling of additional frequency resources primarily reserved for the at least one subcell to one or more subcells associated with the first white list. 31. A method according to claim 27, further comprising:
in response to detecting that a part of frequency resources available for the frequency-scheduling of at least one of the at least two subcells is left unused, removing one or more terminal devices of said at least one of the at least two subcells from the second black list of terminal devices and performing frequency-scheduling for the one or more terminal devices. 32. A method according to claim 27, wherein the beam separation criteria comprise a threshold value for one or more of the following: angular separation of beam directions in azimuth and/or elevation directions, angular separation of beam directions in azimuth and/or elevation directions taking into account beamwidths of the beams and amount of interference a beam causes to other beams in terms of beamforming gain. 33. A method according to claim 25, wherein the highest scheduling priority is evaluated based on a scheduling priority metric defined as one of the following: a proportional fairness metric, a guaranteed bit rate, a time-to-live and a head-of-line packet delay. 34. A method according to claim 25, wherein the load balancing scheme is based on balancing load metrics of the two or more subcells, the load metrics being defined as one of the following: a number of terminal devices associated with beams in the subcell and a maximum proportional fairness metric of terminal devices in the subcell. 35. A method according to claim 25, wherein the mapped beams for each subcell are adjacent to each other in azimuth and/or elevation directions. 36. A method according to claim 24, wherein the time-scheduling is performed by a time-domain scheduler and the frequency-scheduling is performed by two or more parallel frequency-domain schedulers. 37. A method according to claim 24, wherein the number of the two or more parallel frequency-domain schedulers is equal to the number of the two or more subcells of the cell. 38. A method according to claim 24, wherein the access node is configured for multiple-input and multiple-output, MIMO, operation and the antenna array is a MIMO antenna array. 39. An apparatus comprising:
at least one processor, and at least one memory comprising a computer program code, wherein the at least one processor, the memory, and the computer program code are configured to select a set of one or more active beams for each of at least two subcells comprised in the two or more subcells from beams produced by an antenna array of the access node; perform time-scheduling for the cell in common; and perform frequency-scheduling separately and in parallel for each of the at least two subcells for transmission using a corresponding set of one or more active beams. 40. A apparatus according to claim 39, wherein in the selecting the set of one or more active beams for each of the at least two of subcells the at least one processor, the memory, and the computer program code are configured to:
receive radio channel measurements of terminal devices within the cell; determine for each terminal device in the cell a preferred beam from the beams based on the radio channel measurements, the preferred beam providing best channel quality for the terminal device; map each of the beams produced by the antenna array to one of the subcells based on preferred beams of the terminal devices in different subcells and a load balancing scheme; and select the set of one or more active beams for each of the at least two of subcells from mapped beams of a corresponding subcell such that all beams comprised in selected sets of one or more active beams are substantially spatially orthogonal at least for terminal devices with highest scheduling priority in each of the at least two subcells. 41. An apparatus according to claim 39, wherein the at least one processor, the memory, and the computer program code are further configured to:
repeat the determining, the mapping, the selecting, the performing the time-scheduling and the performing the frequency-scheduling periodically based on a first timer and the selecting, the performing the time-scheduling and the performing the frequency-scheduling periodically based on a second timer, wherein the first timer has a longer period than the second timer. 42. An apparatus according to claim 39, wherein the at least one processor comprises a processor configured to perform time-scheduling and two or more processors configured to perform frequency-scheduling in parallel. 43. A non-transitory computer readable medium having stored thereon instructions that, when executed by a computing device, cause the computing device to perform at least the following:
selecting a set of one or more active beams for each of at least two subcells comprised in the two or more subcells from beams produced by an antenna array of the access node; performing time-scheduling for the cell in common; and performing frequency-scheduling separately and in parallel for each of the at least two subcells for transmission using a corresponding set of one or more active beams. | According to an aspect, there is provided a method for performing in an access node time- and frequency scheduling for a cell comprising two or more subcells. The method comprises the following steps. The access node selects a set of one or more active beams for each of at least two of subcells comprised in the two or more subcells from beams produced by an antenna array of the access node. The access node performs time-scheduling for the cell in common. Finally, the access node performs frequency-scheduling separately and in parallel for each of the at least two subcells for transmission using a corresponding set of one or more active beams.1-23. (canceled) 24. A method for performing in an access node time- and frequency scheduling for a cell comprising two or more subcells, the method comprising:
selecting a set of one or more active beams for each of at least two subcells comprised in the two or more subcells from beams produced by an antenna array of the access node; performing time-scheduling for the cell in common; and performing frequency-scheduling separately and in parallel for each of the at least two subcells for transmission using a corresponding set of one or more active beams. 25. A method according to claim 24, wherein the selecting the set of one or more active beams for each of the at least two of subcells comprises:
receiving radio channel measurements of terminal devices within the cell; determining for each terminal device in the cell a preferred beam from the beams based on the radio channel measurements, the preferred beam providing best channel quality for the terminal device; mapping each of the beams produced by the antenna array to one of the subcells based on preferred beams of the terminal devices in different subcells and a load balancing scheme; and selecting the set of one or more active beams for each of the at least two of subcells from mapped beams of a corresponding subcell such that all beams comprised in selected sets of one or more active beams are substantially spatially orthogonal at least for terminal devices with highest scheduling priority in each of the at least two subcells. 26. A method according to claim 25, further comprising:
repeating the determining, the mapping, the selecting, the performing the time-scheduling and the performing the frequency-scheduling periodically based on a first timer and the selecting, the performing the time-scheduling and the performing the frequency-scheduling periodically based on a second timer, wherein the first timer has a longer period than the second timer. 27. A method according to claim 25, wherein the selecting the set of one or more active beams comprises selecting sets of one or more active beams from a first white list generated by performing the following:
1) establishing a first white list for sets of one or more active beams for the at least two subcells, a first black list of beams and a second black list of terminal devices; 2) determining for each beam of the antenna array a set of non-orthogonal beams based on beam separation criteria in azimuth and/or elevation directions; 3) selecting a first terminal device with the highest scheduling priority from the terminal devices excluding terminal devices having a preferred beam in the first white list and terminal devices in the second black list; 4) adding a preferred beam of the first terminal device to the first white list; 5) adding to the first black list any beams fulfilling following three conditions: the beams are not mapped to a first subcell, the beams belong to the set of non-orthogonal beams of the preferred beam of the first terminal device and the beams are not in the first white list; 6) adding each terminal device having a preferred beam belonging to the first black list to the second black list of terminal devices; and 7) repeating 3) to 6) until no terminal devices are selectable in 3). 28. A method according to claim 27, wherein the frequency-scheduling is performed only for terminal devices not in the second black list. 29. A method according to claim 27, further comprising:
after the selecting the sets of one or more active beams by forming the first white list, in response to the first white list excluding all beams mapped for at least one subcell, enabling parallel frequency-scheduling of at least two terminal devices for at least one subcell associated with the first white list based on one or more of the following: scheduling priority, amount of data in buffer, load of each subcell and number of beams available in each subcell that are not in the first black list. 30. A method according to claim 27, further comprising:
after selecting the sets of one or more active beams by forming the first white list, in response to all beams of at least one subcell being excluded from the first white list, enabling frequency-scheduling of additional frequency resources primarily reserved for the at least one subcell to one or more subcells associated with the first white list. 31. A method according to claim 27, further comprising:
in response to detecting that a part of frequency resources available for the frequency-scheduling of at least one of the at least two subcells is left unused, removing one or more terminal devices of said at least one of the at least two subcells from the second black list of terminal devices and performing frequency-scheduling for the one or more terminal devices. 32. A method according to claim 27, wherein the beam separation criteria comprise a threshold value for one or more of the following: angular separation of beam directions in azimuth and/or elevation directions, angular separation of beam directions in azimuth and/or elevation directions taking into account beamwidths of the beams and amount of interference a beam causes to other beams in terms of beamforming gain. 33. A method according to claim 25, wherein the highest scheduling priority is evaluated based on a scheduling priority metric defined as one of the following: a proportional fairness metric, a guaranteed bit rate, a time-to-live and a head-of-line packet delay. 34. A method according to claim 25, wherein the load balancing scheme is based on balancing load metrics of the two or more subcells, the load metrics being defined as one of the following: a number of terminal devices associated with beams in the subcell and a maximum proportional fairness metric of terminal devices in the subcell. 35. A method according to claim 25, wherein the mapped beams for each subcell are adjacent to each other in azimuth and/or elevation directions. 36. A method according to claim 24, wherein the time-scheduling is performed by a time-domain scheduler and the frequency-scheduling is performed by two or more parallel frequency-domain schedulers. 37. A method according to claim 24, wherein the number of the two or more parallel frequency-domain schedulers is equal to the number of the two or more subcells of the cell. 38. A method according to claim 24, wherein the access node is configured for multiple-input and multiple-output, MIMO, operation and the antenna array is a MIMO antenna array. 39. An apparatus comprising:
at least one processor, and at least one memory comprising a computer program code, wherein the at least one processor, the memory, and the computer program code are configured to select a set of one or more active beams for each of at least two subcells comprised in the two or more subcells from beams produced by an antenna array of the access node; perform time-scheduling for the cell in common; and perform frequency-scheduling separately and in parallel for each of the at least two subcells for transmission using a corresponding set of one or more active beams. 40. A apparatus according to claim 39, wherein in the selecting the set of one or more active beams for each of the at least two of subcells the at least one processor, the memory, and the computer program code are configured to:
receive radio channel measurements of terminal devices within the cell; determine for each terminal device in the cell a preferred beam from the beams based on the radio channel measurements, the preferred beam providing best channel quality for the terminal device; map each of the beams produced by the antenna array to one of the subcells based on preferred beams of the terminal devices in different subcells and a load balancing scheme; and select the set of one or more active beams for each of the at least two of subcells from mapped beams of a corresponding subcell such that all beams comprised in selected sets of one or more active beams are substantially spatially orthogonal at least for terminal devices with highest scheduling priority in each of the at least two subcells. 41. An apparatus according to claim 39, wherein the at least one processor, the memory, and the computer program code are further configured to:
repeat the determining, the mapping, the selecting, the performing the time-scheduling and the performing the frequency-scheduling periodically based on a first timer and the selecting, the performing the time-scheduling and the performing the frequency-scheduling periodically based on a second timer, wherein the first timer has a longer period than the second timer. 42. An apparatus according to claim 39, wherein the at least one processor comprises a processor configured to perform time-scheduling and two or more processors configured to perform frequency-scheduling in parallel. 43. A non-transitory computer readable medium having stored thereon instructions that, when executed by a computing device, cause the computing device to perform at least the following:
selecting a set of one or more active beams for each of at least two subcells comprised in the two or more subcells from beams produced by an antenna array of the access node; performing time-scheduling for the cell in common; and performing frequency-scheduling separately and in parallel for each of the at least two subcells for transmission using a corresponding set of one or more active beams. | 3,600 |
349,271 | 350,145 | 16,757,898 | 3,628 | The disclosed light directing article has an optical element and a conformal retarder with predefined thickness that contours with the optical element. In one aspect, the light directing article is a retroreflective article, which further comprises a phase reversing optical reflector. | 1. A light directing article comprising:
an optical element; a conformal retarder of a predefined thickness that contours the optical element. 2. The light directing article of claim 1, wherein the optical element comprises a bead, prism, or microstructure comprising a cube corner. 3. The light directing article of claim 1, further comprising a phase reversing optical reflector; 4. The light directing article of claim 3, wherein the phase reversing optical reflector comprises a metalized layer or a dielectric stack. 5. The light directing article of claim 1, wherein the light directing article is a retroreflective article. 6. The light directing article of claim 1, wherein the conformal retarder has a substantially uniform thickness. 7. The light directing article of claim 1, wherein the conformal retarder is in direct contact with the optical element. 8. The light directing article of claim 1, wherein the conformal retarder contacts more than 5% and less than 100% of the optical element. 9. The light directing article of claim 3, wherein the phase reversing optical reflector is adjacent to the optical element and the conformal retarder is positioned on the surface of the optical element opposite from the phase reversing optical reflector. 10. The light directing article of claim 1, wherein the optical signature has a specific wavelength or polarization state. 11. The light directing article of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of optical elements forming a first region of optical elements with the conformal retarder and a second region of optical elements with the conformal retarder, wherein the conformal retarder substantially continuously contours with the optical elements at the first region of optical elements. 12. The light directing article of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of optical elements forming a first region of optical elements with the conformal retarder and a second region of optical elements with the conformal retarder, wherein the conformal retarder discontinuously contours with each of the optical elements at the first region of optical elements. 13. The light directing article of claim 1, wherein the conformal retarder is patterned to form a code, detectable by modulating different polarization states. 14. A method of making a light directing article comprising:
applying a uniform thickness of a conformal retarder to an optical element. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising applying the conformal retarder continuously to a plurality of optical elements. | The disclosed light directing article has an optical element and a conformal retarder with predefined thickness that contours with the optical element. In one aspect, the light directing article is a retroreflective article, which further comprises a phase reversing optical reflector.1. A light directing article comprising:
an optical element; a conformal retarder of a predefined thickness that contours the optical element. 2. The light directing article of claim 1, wherein the optical element comprises a bead, prism, or microstructure comprising a cube corner. 3. The light directing article of claim 1, further comprising a phase reversing optical reflector; 4. The light directing article of claim 3, wherein the phase reversing optical reflector comprises a metalized layer or a dielectric stack. 5. The light directing article of claim 1, wherein the light directing article is a retroreflective article. 6. The light directing article of claim 1, wherein the conformal retarder has a substantially uniform thickness. 7. The light directing article of claim 1, wherein the conformal retarder is in direct contact with the optical element. 8. The light directing article of claim 1, wherein the conformal retarder contacts more than 5% and less than 100% of the optical element. 9. The light directing article of claim 3, wherein the phase reversing optical reflector is adjacent to the optical element and the conformal retarder is positioned on the surface of the optical element opposite from the phase reversing optical reflector. 10. The light directing article of claim 1, wherein the optical signature has a specific wavelength or polarization state. 11. The light directing article of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of optical elements forming a first region of optical elements with the conformal retarder and a second region of optical elements with the conformal retarder, wherein the conformal retarder substantially continuously contours with the optical elements at the first region of optical elements. 12. The light directing article of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of optical elements forming a first region of optical elements with the conformal retarder and a second region of optical elements with the conformal retarder, wherein the conformal retarder discontinuously contours with each of the optical elements at the first region of optical elements. 13. The light directing article of claim 1, wherein the conformal retarder is patterned to form a code, detectable by modulating different polarization states. 14. A method of making a light directing article comprising:
applying a uniform thickness of a conformal retarder to an optical element. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising applying the conformal retarder continuously to a plurality of optical elements. | 3,600 |
349,272 | 350,146 | 16,757,917 | 3,678 | A protection device (5a) for motorcyclists, adapted to be secured to a road safety barrier (1) with a plurality of poles (3) regularly spaced out, the protection device (5a) including a longitudinal beam (6a) and a spacer (7a) extending longitudinally alongside the rear side of at least one part of the beam (6a) and adapted to be secured to the poles, wherein the beam (6a) and the spacer (7a) are assembled together so as to define, in the part of the beam, a longitudinal damping volume (V) with a closed cross-section. | 1-31 (canceled) 32. A protection device for a motorcyclist, adapted to be secured to a road safety barrier with a plurality of poles regularly spaced out, the protection device comprising:
a longitudinal beam and a spacer extending longitudinally all along a rear side of the beam and adapted to be secured to the poles, the beam and the spacer assembled together so as to define a longitudinal damping volume with a closed cross-section, wherein the spacer includes a central fastening section to the poles, a superior leg and an inferior leg extending from the central fastening section and each having an open end fastened to the beam, the inferior leg and the superior leg being at an angle α between 60° and 100° and the inferior leg and the central fastening section being at an angle β between 105° and 145°. 33. The protection device as recited in claim 32 wherein the spacer is configured with a length to be securable to at least two adjacent poles of the plurality of poles. 34. The protection device as recited in claim 32 wherein the longitudinal damping volume is of polygonal closed cross-section. 35. The protection device as recited in claim 32 wherein a ratio S/(H×W) is superior or equal to 0.2, where S is a transverse surface of the closed cross-section of the damping volume, H a height of the beam and W a width of the beam. 36. The protection device as recited in claim 32 wherein the superior leg and the central fastening section are at an angle γ between 105° and 165°. 37. The protection device as recited in claim 32 wherein each open end of the superior and inferior legs includes a bracket for the beam. 38. The protection device as recited in claim 32 wherein the longitudinal damping volume is formed by the beam and by the superior and inferior legs and the central fastening section. 39. The protection device as recited in claim 32 wherein the beam includes a planar central section prolonged by two end parts forming fastening sections to the spacer. 40. The protection device as recited in claim 32 further comprising at least one stabilizing member including a central planar section and two end portions adapted to be fixed respectively to one of the poles and to the beam so as to stabilize a position of the beam on the barrier. 41. The protection device as recited in claim 40 wherein the stabilizer is a U-shaped plate. 42. A road safety barrier comprising: a longitudinal rail secured to a plurality of poles set in the ground and regularly spaced out; and the protection device as recited in claim 32 43. The road safety barrier as recited in claim 42 wherein the beam of the protection device includes a central section inclined relative to a pole axis and transversally extends away from the pole axis as the central section reaches closer to the ground. 44. The road safety barrier as recited in claim 43 wherein the beam of the protection device includes two end portions in prolongation of the inclined section and defining, respectively, a superior fastening section and an inferior fastening section to the spacer. 45. The road safety barrier as recited in claim 44 wherein the inferior fastening section includes a flap configured to lay on the ground. 46. The road safety barrier as recited in claim 42 wherein the open ends of the spacer include a bracket for the beam at a level of end portions. 47. The road safety barrier as recited in claim 44 wherein the superior fastening section of the beam forms an angle with the inclined section so that the superior fastening section is parallel to the pole axis. 48. The road safety barrier as recited in claim 44 wherein the superior fastening section is in a same plane as the inclined section so that the superior fastening section is also inclined relative to the pole axis. 49. The road safety barrier as recited in claim 43 wherein the central section of the beam is inclined relative to the pole axis at an angle of 10° to 25°. 50. The road safety barrier as recited in claim 42 wherein the protection device includes at least one stabilizing member including a central planar section and two end portions configured to be fixed respectively to one of the poles and to the beam, so as to stabilize a position of the beam on the barrier. 51. The road safety barrier as recited in claim 50 wherein at least one of the two end portions of the stabilizing member is secured to a superior fastening section of the beam. 52. The road safety barrier as recited in claim 42 wherein the protection device is secured to each pole by a fastener. 53. The road safety barrier as recited in claim 52 wherein the fastener includes a superior assembly and an inferior assembly, the superior assembly enclosing one of the poles while being fixed to a stabilizing member and the inferior assembly enclosing the one pole while being fixed to the spacer. 54. The road safety barrier as recited in claim 53 wherein each of the superior and inferior assemblies includes at least two bolts extending on both sides of the pole so that first respective bolt ends are secured respectively to the stabilizing member and to the spacer, and so that second bolt ends are secured to superior connecting plates and inferior connecting plates coming to rest against a back side of the pole opposite to the protection device. 55. The road safety barrier as recited in claim 54 wherein each of the superior and inferior assemblies includes an adjuster for spacing between the bolts and the pole, the adjuster being arranged in the respective superior and inferior connecting plates and respectively in the fastening section of the spacer and in a first fastening portion of the stabilizing member to allow for the bolts to be positioned as close as possible to edges of the pole during fastening of the protection device to the poles. 56. The road safety barrier as recited in claim 54 wherein the adjuster of the superior assembly includes:
a series of openings arranged in the first fastening portion of the stabilizing member, the openings being spaced out regularly and horizontally; and
an elongated hole arranged in the superior connecting plate and having a major axis extending parallel to the longitudinal axis of the superior connecting plate. 57. The road safety barrier as recited in claim 54 wherein the adjuster of the inferior assembly includes:
a series of openings arranged in the central fastening section of the spacer, the openings being spaced out regularly and horizontally; and
an elongated hole arranged in the inferior connecting plate and having a major axis extends parallel to the longitudinal axis of the inferior connecting plate. 58. A kit for the assembling of a protection device for motorcyclist, adapted to be secured to a road safety barrier with a plurality of poles regularly spaced out, the kit comprising:
a first profiled sheet forming a longitudinal beam, a second profiled sheet forming a spacer, wherein the beam and the spacer are adapted to be assembled together, with the spacer extending all along a rear side of the beam, so as to define a longitudinal damping volume with a closed cross-section, wherein the spacer inlcudes a central fastening section to the poles from which extend a superior and an inferior leg whose open ends are adapted to be fastened to the beam, the inferior leg and the superior leg being at an angle α between 60° and 100° and the inferior leg and the central fastening section being at an angle β between 105° and 145°. 59. The kit as recited in claim 58 further comprising at least one further first profiled sheet adapted to be arranged end to end with the first profiled sheet in order to define the longitudinal beam. 60. The kit as recited in claim 58 further comprising at least one further second profiled sheet adapted to be arranged end to end with the second profiled sheet in order to define the spacer. 61. The kit as recited in claim 58 further comprising a plurality of stabilising members each formed by a third profiled sheet and adapted to stabilize a positions of the beam on the barrier. 62. The kit as recited in claim 58 further comprising at least one fastener for fastening the beam and the spacer to the barrier. | A protection device (5a) for motorcyclists, adapted to be secured to a road safety barrier (1) with a plurality of poles (3) regularly spaced out, the protection device (5a) including a longitudinal beam (6a) and a spacer (7a) extending longitudinally alongside the rear side of at least one part of the beam (6a) and adapted to be secured to the poles, wherein the beam (6a) and the spacer (7a) are assembled together so as to define, in the part of the beam, a longitudinal damping volume (V) with a closed cross-section.1-31 (canceled) 32. A protection device for a motorcyclist, adapted to be secured to a road safety barrier with a plurality of poles regularly spaced out, the protection device comprising:
a longitudinal beam and a spacer extending longitudinally all along a rear side of the beam and adapted to be secured to the poles, the beam and the spacer assembled together so as to define a longitudinal damping volume with a closed cross-section, wherein the spacer includes a central fastening section to the poles, a superior leg and an inferior leg extending from the central fastening section and each having an open end fastened to the beam, the inferior leg and the superior leg being at an angle α between 60° and 100° and the inferior leg and the central fastening section being at an angle β between 105° and 145°. 33. The protection device as recited in claim 32 wherein the spacer is configured with a length to be securable to at least two adjacent poles of the plurality of poles. 34. The protection device as recited in claim 32 wherein the longitudinal damping volume is of polygonal closed cross-section. 35. The protection device as recited in claim 32 wherein a ratio S/(H×W) is superior or equal to 0.2, where S is a transverse surface of the closed cross-section of the damping volume, H a height of the beam and W a width of the beam. 36. The protection device as recited in claim 32 wherein the superior leg and the central fastening section are at an angle γ between 105° and 165°. 37. The protection device as recited in claim 32 wherein each open end of the superior and inferior legs includes a bracket for the beam. 38. The protection device as recited in claim 32 wherein the longitudinal damping volume is formed by the beam and by the superior and inferior legs and the central fastening section. 39. The protection device as recited in claim 32 wherein the beam includes a planar central section prolonged by two end parts forming fastening sections to the spacer. 40. The protection device as recited in claim 32 further comprising at least one stabilizing member including a central planar section and two end portions adapted to be fixed respectively to one of the poles and to the beam so as to stabilize a position of the beam on the barrier. 41. The protection device as recited in claim 40 wherein the stabilizer is a U-shaped plate. 42. A road safety barrier comprising: a longitudinal rail secured to a plurality of poles set in the ground and regularly spaced out; and the protection device as recited in claim 32 43. The road safety barrier as recited in claim 42 wherein the beam of the protection device includes a central section inclined relative to a pole axis and transversally extends away from the pole axis as the central section reaches closer to the ground. 44. The road safety barrier as recited in claim 43 wherein the beam of the protection device includes two end portions in prolongation of the inclined section and defining, respectively, a superior fastening section and an inferior fastening section to the spacer. 45. The road safety barrier as recited in claim 44 wherein the inferior fastening section includes a flap configured to lay on the ground. 46. The road safety barrier as recited in claim 42 wherein the open ends of the spacer include a bracket for the beam at a level of end portions. 47. The road safety barrier as recited in claim 44 wherein the superior fastening section of the beam forms an angle with the inclined section so that the superior fastening section is parallel to the pole axis. 48. The road safety barrier as recited in claim 44 wherein the superior fastening section is in a same plane as the inclined section so that the superior fastening section is also inclined relative to the pole axis. 49. The road safety barrier as recited in claim 43 wherein the central section of the beam is inclined relative to the pole axis at an angle of 10° to 25°. 50. The road safety barrier as recited in claim 42 wherein the protection device includes at least one stabilizing member including a central planar section and two end portions configured to be fixed respectively to one of the poles and to the beam, so as to stabilize a position of the beam on the barrier. 51. The road safety barrier as recited in claim 50 wherein at least one of the two end portions of the stabilizing member is secured to a superior fastening section of the beam. 52. The road safety barrier as recited in claim 42 wherein the protection device is secured to each pole by a fastener. 53. The road safety barrier as recited in claim 52 wherein the fastener includes a superior assembly and an inferior assembly, the superior assembly enclosing one of the poles while being fixed to a stabilizing member and the inferior assembly enclosing the one pole while being fixed to the spacer. 54. The road safety barrier as recited in claim 53 wherein each of the superior and inferior assemblies includes at least two bolts extending on both sides of the pole so that first respective bolt ends are secured respectively to the stabilizing member and to the spacer, and so that second bolt ends are secured to superior connecting plates and inferior connecting plates coming to rest against a back side of the pole opposite to the protection device. 55. The road safety barrier as recited in claim 54 wherein each of the superior and inferior assemblies includes an adjuster for spacing between the bolts and the pole, the adjuster being arranged in the respective superior and inferior connecting plates and respectively in the fastening section of the spacer and in a first fastening portion of the stabilizing member to allow for the bolts to be positioned as close as possible to edges of the pole during fastening of the protection device to the poles. 56. The road safety barrier as recited in claim 54 wherein the adjuster of the superior assembly includes:
a series of openings arranged in the first fastening portion of the stabilizing member, the openings being spaced out regularly and horizontally; and
an elongated hole arranged in the superior connecting plate and having a major axis extending parallel to the longitudinal axis of the superior connecting plate. 57. The road safety barrier as recited in claim 54 wherein the adjuster of the inferior assembly includes:
a series of openings arranged in the central fastening section of the spacer, the openings being spaced out regularly and horizontally; and
an elongated hole arranged in the inferior connecting plate and having a major axis extends parallel to the longitudinal axis of the inferior connecting plate. 58. A kit for the assembling of a protection device for motorcyclist, adapted to be secured to a road safety barrier with a plurality of poles regularly spaced out, the kit comprising:
a first profiled sheet forming a longitudinal beam, a second profiled sheet forming a spacer, wherein the beam and the spacer are adapted to be assembled together, with the spacer extending all along a rear side of the beam, so as to define a longitudinal damping volume with a closed cross-section, wherein the spacer inlcudes a central fastening section to the poles from which extend a superior and an inferior leg whose open ends are adapted to be fastened to the beam, the inferior leg and the superior leg being at an angle α between 60° and 100° and the inferior leg and the central fastening section being at an angle β between 105° and 145°. 59. The kit as recited in claim 58 further comprising at least one further first profiled sheet adapted to be arranged end to end with the first profiled sheet in order to define the longitudinal beam. 60. The kit as recited in claim 58 further comprising at least one further second profiled sheet adapted to be arranged end to end with the second profiled sheet in order to define the spacer. 61. The kit as recited in claim 58 further comprising a plurality of stabilising members each formed by a third profiled sheet and adapted to stabilize a positions of the beam on the barrier. 62. The kit as recited in claim 58 further comprising at least one fastener for fastening the beam and the spacer to the barrier. | 3,600 |
349,273 | 350,147 | 16,757,918 | 3,678 | Flour improvers, chlorinated flour replacers comprising the flour improver, methods of preparing the flour improvers and chlorinated flour replacers, and uses thereof (e.g. for improving the textural properties of wheat flour-based high ratio cakes) are provided. The flour improver as disclosed herein comprises between 10% and 97.5% (w/w) of non-wheat flour, wherein the non-wheat flour is one or more non-wheat flours selected from the group consisting of rice flour, oat flour, quinoa flour and buckwheat flour; between 2% and 20% (w/w) of a gel-forming protein in addition to protein present in the non-wheat flour; and between 0.5% and 3% (w/w) of calcium 2+ ions. | 1. A flour improver for use in the preparation of wheat flour-based high ratio cakes comprising:
between 10% and 97.5% (w/w) of non-wheat flour, wherein the non-wheat flour is one or more non-wheat flours selected from the group consisting of rice flour, oat flour, quinoa flour and buckwheat flour; between 2% and 20% (w/w) of a gel-forming protein in addition to protein present in the non-wheat flour, wherein the gel-forming protein has the ability to form a viscoelastic aggregate upon heating; and between 0.5% and 3% (w/w) of calcium 2+ ions. 2. The flour improver according to claim 1, wherein the non-wheat flour is rice flour, preferably wet milled rice flour. 3. The flour improver according to claim 1 or 2 wherein the gel-forming protein in addition to the protein present in the non-wheat flour is one or more gel-forming proteins selected from the group consisting of egg protein, casein, gel-forming whey protein, isolated wheat gluten, oilseeds protein and legume protein. 4. The flour improver according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the calcium 2+ ions are present in the form of one or more calcium salts. 5. The flour improver according to claim 4 wherein the calcium 2+ ions are present in the form of one or more calcium salts selected from the group consisting of calcium chloride, calcium acetate, calcium citrate, calcium lactate, calcium tartrate, calcium glubionate and calcium gluceptate. 6. A chlorinated flour replacer for use in the preparation of wheat flour-based high ratio cakes comprising the flour improver according to any one of claims 1 to 5; the chlorinated flour replacer comprising:
between 40% and 88.75% (w/w) of non-chlorinated wheat flour;
between 10% and 58% (w/w), preferably between 10% and 25% (w/w), of non-wheat flour, wherein the non-wheat flour is one or more non-wheat flours selected from the group consisting of rice flour, oat flour, quinoa flour and buckwheat flour;
between 1% and 10% (w/w), preferably between 2% and 4% (w/w), of the gel-forming protein in addition to protein present in the non-chlorinated wheat flour and the non-wheat flour, wherein the gel-forming protein has the ability to form a viscoelastic aggregate upon heating; and
between 0.25% and 1% (w/w), preferably between 0.25% and 0.8% (w/w), of calcium 2+ ions. 7. The chlorinated flour replacer according to claim 6, wherein the non-wheat flour is rice flour, preferably wet milled rice flour. 8. The chlorinated flour replacer according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the gel-forming protein in addition to the protein present in the non-chlorinated wheat flour and the non-wheat flour is one or more gel-forming proteins selected from the group consisting of egg protein, casein, gel-forming whey protein, isolated wheat gluten, oilseeds protein and legume protein. 9. The chlorinated flour replacer according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein the calcium 2+ ions are present in the form of one or more calcium salts, preferably selected from the group consisting of calcium chloride, calcium acetate, calcium citrate, calcium lactate, calcium tartrate, calcium glubionate and calcium gluceptate. 10. A cake mix or cake premix comprising the flour improver according to any one of claims 1 to 5 or the chlorinated flour replacer according to any one of claims 6 to 9. 11. A cake batter comprising the flour improver according to any one of claims 1 to 5, non-chlorinated wheat flour, fat, eggs or egg products, sugar or sugar substitutes, leavening agent and water; wherein the ratio (w/w) of liquid to flour is between 1 and 3. 12. The cake batter according to claim 11, comprising:
between 0.35% and 17.5% (w/w) of the flour improver according to any one of claims 1 to 5; between 2.5% and 32.6% (w/w) of non-chlorinated wheat flour; between 2% and 35% (w/w) of fat; between 5% and 40% (w/w) of eggs or egg products; between 10% and 40% (w/w) of sugar or sugar substitutes; between 0% and 2.5% (w/w) of leavening agent; and water up to 100%. 13. The cake batter according to claim 11 or 12, wherein the ratio (w/w) of sugar or sugar substitutes to flour is between 0.7 and 3.0. 14. The cake batter according to any one of claims 11 to 13, further comprising one or more emulsifiers, aroma components, flavour components, hydrocolloids, reducing agents, oxidants, yeast extract, enzyme active soy flour, starches, cocoa powder, chocolate, colouring agents, and/or enzymes. 15. A cake product prepared from the cake batter according to any one of claims 11 to 14, wherein said cake product is a wheat flour-based high ratio cake. 16. A method for preparing the flour improver according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the step of preparing a mixture of at least:
between 10% and 97.5% (w/w) of non-wheat flour, wherein said non-wheat flour is one or more non-wheat flours selected from the group consisting of rice flour, oat flour, quinoa flour and buckwheat flour;
between 2% and 20% (w/w) of a gel-forming protein in addition to protein present in the non-chlorinated wheat flour and the non-wheat flour, wherein the gel-forming protein has the ability to form a viscoelastic aggregate upon heating; and
between 0.5% and 3% (w/w) of calcium 2+ ions, 17. A method for preparing the chlorinated flour replacer according to any one of claims 6 to 9, comprising the step of preparing a mixture of at least:
between 40 and 88.75% (w/w), preferably between 70% and 80% (w/w) of non-chlorinated wheat flour;
between 10 and 58% (w/w), preferably between 10% and 25% (w/w), of non-wheat flour wherein said non-wheat flour is one or more non-wheat flours selected from the group consisting of rice flour, oat flour, quinoa flour and buckwheat flour;
between 1% and 10% (w/w), preferably between 2% and 4% (w/w), of a gel-forming protein in addition to protein present in the non-chlorinated wheat flour and the non-wheat flour, wherein the gel-forming protein has the ability to form a viscoelastic aggregate upon heating; and
between 0.25% and 1% (w/w), preferably between 0.25% and 0.8% (w/w), of calcium 2+ ions, 18. A method for preparing a cake batter according to any one of claims 11 to 14, comprising the steps of adding the flour improver according to any one of claims 1 to 5 to non-chlorinated flour, fat, eggs or egg products, sugar or sugar substitutes, leavening agent and water and ensuring that the ratio (w/w) of liquid to flour is between 1 and 3, and optionally ensuring that the ratio (w/w) of sugar to flour is between 0.7 and 3.0; thereby obtaining the cake batter according to any one of claims 11 to 14. 19. A method for preparing a cake product according to claim 15, comprising the steps of providing a flour improver according to any one of claims 1 to 5 or a chlorinated flour replacer according to any one of claims 6 to 9; preparing a cake batter comprising the flour improver or the chlorinated flour replacer; and baking the cake batter, thereby obtaining the cake product according to claim 15. 20. Use of the flour improver according to any one of claims 1 to 5 or the chlorinated flour replacer according to any one of claims 6 to 9 as an ingredient in the preparation of a wheat flour-based high ratio cake, preferably wherein the flour improver or the chlorinated flour replacer is used as an ingredient of a cake mix or a cake premix. 21. Use of the flour improver according to any one of claims 1 to 5 or the chlorinated flour replacer according to any one of claims 6 to 9 for improving one or more textural properties or parameters of wheat flour-based high ratio cakes, preferably wherein the one or more textural properties or parameters are selected from the group consisting of hardness, resilience, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess and chewiness of the cake product; and wherein the one or more texture parameters may be evaluated by performing a texture profile analysis on a cake crumb sample obtained from the cake product or the whole (i.e. entire) cake product; or by performing a sensorial analysis by a panel of trained and/or untrained persons. 22. Use according to claim 21 for increasing the resilience of a wheat flour-based high ratio cake by at least 20%, preferably at least 30%, more preferably at least 40%, compared to the resilience of a reference wheat flour-based high ratio cake, wherein said reference high ratio cake is a high ratio cake prepared using untreated wheat flour instead of the chlorinated flour replacer; wherein the resilience is evaluated from the force-time curve registered when performing a texture profile analysis comprising two consecutive deformation on a cake sample. 23. Use according to claim 21 for increasing the chewiness of a wheat flour-based high ratio cake by at least 30%, preferably at least 40%, compared to the chewiness of a reference wheat flour-based high ratio cake, preferably wherein said reference high ratio cake is a high ratio cake prepared using untreated wheat flour instead of the chlorinated flour replacer; wherein the chewiness is evaluated from the force-time curve registered when performing a texture profile analysis comprising two consecutive deformations on a cake sample. | Flour improvers, chlorinated flour replacers comprising the flour improver, methods of preparing the flour improvers and chlorinated flour replacers, and uses thereof (e.g. for improving the textural properties of wheat flour-based high ratio cakes) are provided. The flour improver as disclosed herein comprises between 10% and 97.5% (w/w) of non-wheat flour, wherein the non-wheat flour is one or more non-wheat flours selected from the group consisting of rice flour, oat flour, quinoa flour and buckwheat flour; between 2% and 20% (w/w) of a gel-forming protein in addition to protein present in the non-wheat flour; and between 0.5% and 3% (w/w) of calcium 2+ ions.1. A flour improver for use in the preparation of wheat flour-based high ratio cakes comprising:
between 10% and 97.5% (w/w) of non-wheat flour, wherein the non-wheat flour is one or more non-wheat flours selected from the group consisting of rice flour, oat flour, quinoa flour and buckwheat flour; between 2% and 20% (w/w) of a gel-forming protein in addition to protein present in the non-wheat flour, wherein the gel-forming protein has the ability to form a viscoelastic aggregate upon heating; and between 0.5% and 3% (w/w) of calcium 2+ ions. 2. The flour improver according to claim 1, wherein the non-wheat flour is rice flour, preferably wet milled rice flour. 3. The flour improver according to claim 1 or 2 wherein the gel-forming protein in addition to the protein present in the non-wheat flour is one or more gel-forming proteins selected from the group consisting of egg protein, casein, gel-forming whey protein, isolated wheat gluten, oilseeds protein and legume protein. 4. The flour improver according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the calcium 2+ ions are present in the form of one or more calcium salts. 5. The flour improver according to claim 4 wherein the calcium 2+ ions are present in the form of one or more calcium salts selected from the group consisting of calcium chloride, calcium acetate, calcium citrate, calcium lactate, calcium tartrate, calcium glubionate and calcium gluceptate. 6. A chlorinated flour replacer for use in the preparation of wheat flour-based high ratio cakes comprising the flour improver according to any one of claims 1 to 5; the chlorinated flour replacer comprising:
between 40% and 88.75% (w/w) of non-chlorinated wheat flour;
between 10% and 58% (w/w), preferably between 10% and 25% (w/w), of non-wheat flour, wherein the non-wheat flour is one or more non-wheat flours selected from the group consisting of rice flour, oat flour, quinoa flour and buckwheat flour;
between 1% and 10% (w/w), preferably between 2% and 4% (w/w), of the gel-forming protein in addition to protein present in the non-chlorinated wheat flour and the non-wheat flour, wherein the gel-forming protein has the ability to form a viscoelastic aggregate upon heating; and
between 0.25% and 1% (w/w), preferably between 0.25% and 0.8% (w/w), of calcium 2+ ions. 7. The chlorinated flour replacer according to claim 6, wherein the non-wheat flour is rice flour, preferably wet milled rice flour. 8. The chlorinated flour replacer according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the gel-forming protein in addition to the protein present in the non-chlorinated wheat flour and the non-wheat flour is one or more gel-forming proteins selected from the group consisting of egg protein, casein, gel-forming whey protein, isolated wheat gluten, oilseeds protein and legume protein. 9. The chlorinated flour replacer according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein the calcium 2+ ions are present in the form of one or more calcium salts, preferably selected from the group consisting of calcium chloride, calcium acetate, calcium citrate, calcium lactate, calcium tartrate, calcium glubionate and calcium gluceptate. 10. A cake mix or cake premix comprising the flour improver according to any one of claims 1 to 5 or the chlorinated flour replacer according to any one of claims 6 to 9. 11. A cake batter comprising the flour improver according to any one of claims 1 to 5, non-chlorinated wheat flour, fat, eggs or egg products, sugar or sugar substitutes, leavening agent and water; wherein the ratio (w/w) of liquid to flour is between 1 and 3. 12. The cake batter according to claim 11, comprising:
between 0.35% and 17.5% (w/w) of the flour improver according to any one of claims 1 to 5; between 2.5% and 32.6% (w/w) of non-chlorinated wheat flour; between 2% and 35% (w/w) of fat; between 5% and 40% (w/w) of eggs or egg products; between 10% and 40% (w/w) of sugar or sugar substitutes; between 0% and 2.5% (w/w) of leavening agent; and water up to 100%. 13. The cake batter according to claim 11 or 12, wherein the ratio (w/w) of sugar or sugar substitutes to flour is between 0.7 and 3.0. 14. The cake batter according to any one of claims 11 to 13, further comprising one or more emulsifiers, aroma components, flavour components, hydrocolloids, reducing agents, oxidants, yeast extract, enzyme active soy flour, starches, cocoa powder, chocolate, colouring agents, and/or enzymes. 15. A cake product prepared from the cake batter according to any one of claims 11 to 14, wherein said cake product is a wheat flour-based high ratio cake. 16. A method for preparing the flour improver according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the step of preparing a mixture of at least:
between 10% and 97.5% (w/w) of non-wheat flour, wherein said non-wheat flour is one or more non-wheat flours selected from the group consisting of rice flour, oat flour, quinoa flour and buckwheat flour;
between 2% and 20% (w/w) of a gel-forming protein in addition to protein present in the non-chlorinated wheat flour and the non-wheat flour, wherein the gel-forming protein has the ability to form a viscoelastic aggregate upon heating; and
between 0.5% and 3% (w/w) of calcium 2+ ions, 17. A method for preparing the chlorinated flour replacer according to any one of claims 6 to 9, comprising the step of preparing a mixture of at least:
between 40 and 88.75% (w/w), preferably between 70% and 80% (w/w) of non-chlorinated wheat flour;
between 10 and 58% (w/w), preferably between 10% and 25% (w/w), of non-wheat flour wherein said non-wheat flour is one or more non-wheat flours selected from the group consisting of rice flour, oat flour, quinoa flour and buckwheat flour;
between 1% and 10% (w/w), preferably between 2% and 4% (w/w), of a gel-forming protein in addition to protein present in the non-chlorinated wheat flour and the non-wheat flour, wherein the gel-forming protein has the ability to form a viscoelastic aggregate upon heating; and
between 0.25% and 1% (w/w), preferably between 0.25% and 0.8% (w/w), of calcium 2+ ions, 18. A method for preparing a cake batter according to any one of claims 11 to 14, comprising the steps of adding the flour improver according to any one of claims 1 to 5 to non-chlorinated flour, fat, eggs or egg products, sugar or sugar substitutes, leavening agent and water and ensuring that the ratio (w/w) of liquid to flour is between 1 and 3, and optionally ensuring that the ratio (w/w) of sugar to flour is between 0.7 and 3.0; thereby obtaining the cake batter according to any one of claims 11 to 14. 19. A method for preparing a cake product according to claim 15, comprising the steps of providing a flour improver according to any one of claims 1 to 5 or a chlorinated flour replacer according to any one of claims 6 to 9; preparing a cake batter comprising the flour improver or the chlorinated flour replacer; and baking the cake batter, thereby obtaining the cake product according to claim 15. 20. Use of the flour improver according to any one of claims 1 to 5 or the chlorinated flour replacer according to any one of claims 6 to 9 as an ingredient in the preparation of a wheat flour-based high ratio cake, preferably wherein the flour improver or the chlorinated flour replacer is used as an ingredient of a cake mix or a cake premix. 21. Use of the flour improver according to any one of claims 1 to 5 or the chlorinated flour replacer according to any one of claims 6 to 9 for improving one or more textural properties or parameters of wheat flour-based high ratio cakes, preferably wherein the one or more textural properties or parameters are selected from the group consisting of hardness, resilience, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess and chewiness of the cake product; and wherein the one or more texture parameters may be evaluated by performing a texture profile analysis on a cake crumb sample obtained from the cake product or the whole (i.e. entire) cake product; or by performing a sensorial analysis by a panel of trained and/or untrained persons. 22. Use according to claim 21 for increasing the resilience of a wheat flour-based high ratio cake by at least 20%, preferably at least 30%, more preferably at least 40%, compared to the resilience of a reference wheat flour-based high ratio cake, wherein said reference high ratio cake is a high ratio cake prepared using untreated wheat flour instead of the chlorinated flour replacer; wherein the resilience is evaluated from the force-time curve registered when performing a texture profile analysis comprising two consecutive deformation on a cake sample. 23. Use according to claim 21 for increasing the chewiness of a wheat flour-based high ratio cake by at least 30%, preferably at least 40%, compared to the chewiness of a reference wheat flour-based high ratio cake, preferably wherein said reference high ratio cake is a high ratio cake prepared using untreated wheat flour instead of the chlorinated flour replacer; wherein the chewiness is evaluated from the force-time curve registered when performing a texture profile analysis comprising two consecutive deformations on a cake sample. | 3,600 |
349,274 | 350,148 | 16,757,909 | 3,678 | A composite wiring includes: elastic wiring comprising an elastic tube, a conductor wire disposed inside the tube, and fixing portions that fix the conductor wire and the tube together at both ends of the tube in the lengthwise direction thereof, the length of the conductor wire between the fixing portions when the tube is in an unextended state being longer than the length of the tube between the fixing portions; other wiring separate from the elastic wiring; and a connection member that connects the conductor wire of the elastic wiring and a conductor wire of the other wiring by caulking in a state of being brought into contact with each other, the connection member having an interior section sealed in a watertight manner with a sealing material. | 1. A composite wiring comprising:
elastic wiring comprising an elastic tube, a conductor wire disposed inside the tube, and fixing portions that fix the conductor wire and the tube together at both ends of the tube in the lengthwise direction thereof, the length of the conductor wire between the fixing portions when the tube is in an unextended state being longer than the length of the tube between the fixing portions; other wiring separate from the elastic wiring; and a connection member that connects the conductor wire of the elastic wiring and a conductor wire of the other wiring by caulking in a state of being brought into contact with each other, the connection member having an interior section sealed in a watertight manner with a sealing material. 2. The composite wiring according to claim 1, wherein the connection member is a crimping sleeve, and the crimping sleeve connects the conductor wire of the elastic wiring and the conductor wire of the other wiring by caulking the conductor wire of the other wiring inserted in an end portion of the tube of the elastic wiring from the periphery of the tube of the elastic wiring. 3. The composite wiring according to claim 1, wherein the sealing material is a non-curing elastic sealing material. 4. The composite wiring according to claim 1, wherein the fixing portions each includes a caulking member comprising:
a male member comprising a first flat plate portion and a fitting convex portion that is provided on the first flat plate portion; and a female member comprising a second flat plate portion and a fitting concave portion that is provided on the second flat plate portion, wherein, in a state of the fitting convex portion and the fitting concave portion being fitted together, the conductor wire and the tube are caulked by the first flat plate portion and the second flat plate portion, and a protrusion is formed in the female member. 5. The composite wiring according to claim 1, wherein the fixing portions each includes a caulking member comprising:
a male member comprising a flat plate portion and a spike extending substantially perpendicularly from the flat plate portion; and a ring-shaped female member fixed to the male member by being crimped to the spike, wherein, by fixing the female member to the male member, the conductor wire and the tube are caulked by the flat plate portion and the female member, and a recess is formed in the ring-shaped central portion of the female member. 6. A method for producing a composite wiring comprising elastic wiring including an elastic lube, a conductor wire disposed inside the tube, and fixing portions that fix the conductor wire and the lube together at both ends of the lube in the lengthwise direction thereof, the length of the conductor wire between the fixing portions when the tube is in an unextended state being longer than the length of the tube between the fixing portions; other wiring separate from the elastic wiring; and a connection member that connects the conductor wire of the elastic wiring and a conductor wire of the other wiring by caulking in a state of being brought into contact with each other, the connection member having an interior section sealed in a watertight manner with a sealing material, the method comprising:
a step of supplying the sealing material to a portion where the conductor wire of the elastic wiring and the conductor wire of the other wiring are in contact with each other, and a step of caulking the connection portion. 7. A garment to which a composite wiring is fixed, the composite wiring comprising: elastic wring including an elastic tube, a conductor wire disposed inside the tube, and fixing portions that fix the conductor wire and the tube together at both ends of the tube in the lengthwise direction thereof, the length of the conductor wire between the fixing portions when the tube is in an unextended state being longer than the length of the tube between the fixing potions; other wiring separate from the elastic wiring; and a connection member that connects the conductor wire of the elastic wiring and a conductor wire of the other wiring by caulking in a state of being brought into contact with each other, the connection member having an interior section sealed in a watertight manner with a sealing material. 8. The garment according to claim 7 comprising a sensor connected to one end of the composite wiring. 9. The garment according to claim 8 comprising a transmitter connected to the other end of the composite wiring. 10. A signal acquisition member comprising wiring and an electrode that is connected to a conductor wire of the wiring by caulking, wherein a connection portion between the conductor wire and the electrode is sealed with a sealing material in a watertight manner. 11. A method for producing a signal acquisition member comprising wiring and an electrode that is connected to a conductor wire of the wiring by caulking, wherein a connection portion between the conductor wire and the electrode is sealed with a sealing material in a waterlight manner, the method comprising a step of supplying the sealing material to a contact portion of the conductor wire and the electrode and a step of forming the connection portion by caulking the contact portion. | A composite wiring includes: elastic wiring comprising an elastic tube, a conductor wire disposed inside the tube, and fixing portions that fix the conductor wire and the tube together at both ends of the tube in the lengthwise direction thereof, the length of the conductor wire between the fixing portions when the tube is in an unextended state being longer than the length of the tube between the fixing portions; other wiring separate from the elastic wiring; and a connection member that connects the conductor wire of the elastic wiring and a conductor wire of the other wiring by caulking in a state of being brought into contact with each other, the connection member having an interior section sealed in a watertight manner with a sealing material.1. A composite wiring comprising:
elastic wiring comprising an elastic tube, a conductor wire disposed inside the tube, and fixing portions that fix the conductor wire and the tube together at both ends of the tube in the lengthwise direction thereof, the length of the conductor wire between the fixing portions when the tube is in an unextended state being longer than the length of the tube between the fixing portions; other wiring separate from the elastic wiring; and a connection member that connects the conductor wire of the elastic wiring and a conductor wire of the other wiring by caulking in a state of being brought into contact with each other, the connection member having an interior section sealed in a watertight manner with a sealing material. 2. The composite wiring according to claim 1, wherein the connection member is a crimping sleeve, and the crimping sleeve connects the conductor wire of the elastic wiring and the conductor wire of the other wiring by caulking the conductor wire of the other wiring inserted in an end portion of the tube of the elastic wiring from the periphery of the tube of the elastic wiring. 3. The composite wiring according to claim 1, wherein the sealing material is a non-curing elastic sealing material. 4. The composite wiring according to claim 1, wherein the fixing portions each includes a caulking member comprising:
a male member comprising a first flat plate portion and a fitting convex portion that is provided on the first flat plate portion; and a female member comprising a second flat plate portion and a fitting concave portion that is provided on the second flat plate portion, wherein, in a state of the fitting convex portion and the fitting concave portion being fitted together, the conductor wire and the tube are caulked by the first flat plate portion and the second flat plate portion, and a protrusion is formed in the female member. 5. The composite wiring according to claim 1, wherein the fixing portions each includes a caulking member comprising:
a male member comprising a flat plate portion and a spike extending substantially perpendicularly from the flat plate portion; and a ring-shaped female member fixed to the male member by being crimped to the spike, wherein, by fixing the female member to the male member, the conductor wire and the tube are caulked by the flat plate portion and the female member, and a recess is formed in the ring-shaped central portion of the female member. 6. A method for producing a composite wiring comprising elastic wiring including an elastic lube, a conductor wire disposed inside the tube, and fixing portions that fix the conductor wire and the lube together at both ends of the lube in the lengthwise direction thereof, the length of the conductor wire between the fixing portions when the tube is in an unextended state being longer than the length of the tube between the fixing portions; other wiring separate from the elastic wiring; and a connection member that connects the conductor wire of the elastic wiring and a conductor wire of the other wiring by caulking in a state of being brought into contact with each other, the connection member having an interior section sealed in a watertight manner with a sealing material, the method comprising:
a step of supplying the sealing material to a portion where the conductor wire of the elastic wiring and the conductor wire of the other wiring are in contact with each other, and a step of caulking the connection portion. 7. A garment to which a composite wiring is fixed, the composite wiring comprising: elastic wring including an elastic tube, a conductor wire disposed inside the tube, and fixing portions that fix the conductor wire and the tube together at both ends of the tube in the lengthwise direction thereof, the length of the conductor wire between the fixing portions when the tube is in an unextended state being longer than the length of the tube between the fixing potions; other wiring separate from the elastic wiring; and a connection member that connects the conductor wire of the elastic wiring and a conductor wire of the other wiring by caulking in a state of being brought into contact with each other, the connection member having an interior section sealed in a watertight manner with a sealing material. 8. The garment according to claim 7 comprising a sensor connected to one end of the composite wiring. 9. The garment according to claim 8 comprising a transmitter connected to the other end of the composite wiring. 10. A signal acquisition member comprising wiring and an electrode that is connected to a conductor wire of the wiring by caulking, wherein a connection portion between the conductor wire and the electrode is sealed with a sealing material in a watertight manner. 11. A method for producing a signal acquisition member comprising wiring and an electrode that is connected to a conductor wire of the wiring by caulking, wherein a connection portion between the conductor wire and the electrode is sealed with a sealing material in a waterlight manner, the method comprising a step of supplying the sealing material to a contact portion of the conductor wire and the electrode and a step of forming the connection portion by caulking the contact portion. | 3,600 |
349,275 | 350,149 | 16,757,907 | 2,692 | The embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method for displaying an image on a dual-screen display panel. According to an embodiment, the dual-screen display panel comprises a dimming screen and a display screen. The method comprises: generating first image data for the dimming screen according to image data; determining dimming driving voltages for a plurality of dimming areas based on the first image data according to a grayscale-dimming driving voltage relationship; determining display driving voltages for a plurality of display areas based on the image data according to a grayscale-display driving voltage relationship; and driving the dimming screen and the display screen with the determined dimming driving voltages and display driving voltages, respectively, to display the image. | 1. A method for displaying an image on a dual-screen display panel, wherein the dual-screen display panel comprises a dimming screen and a display screen, the display screen comprises a plurality of display areas, and the dimming screen comprises a plurality of dimming areas, the method comprising:
generating first image data for the dimming screen according to image data of the image; determining dimming driving voltages for the plurality of dimming areas based on the first image data according to a grayscale-dimming driving voltage relationship for the dimming screen; determining display driving voltages for the plurality of display areas based on the image data according to a grayscale-display driving voltage relationship for the display screen; and driving the dimming screen and the display screen with the dimming driving voltages and the display driving voltages, respectively, to display the image. 2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
adjusting the image data to generate second image data for the display screen according to a grayscale adjustment relationship for the display screen; wherein the second image data is used to determine the display driving voltages. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein generating the first image data for the dimming screen comprises:
determining a characterizing grayscale of each of the plurality of display areas based on the image data; and determining a grayscale of each of the plurality of dimming areas based on the characterizing grayscale of each display area to form the first image data. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein determining the characterizing grayscale of each of the plurality of display areas comprises:
determining a grayscale of each primary color for each display area based on the image data; and determining, for each display area, a maximum grayscale of the grayscales of the primary colors as the characterizing grayscale of the display area. 5. The method according to claim 3, wherein one dimming area corresponds to one display area, and wherein the grayscale of each of the plurality of dimming areas is determined as the characterizing grayscale of the corresponding display area. 6. The method according to claim 3, wherein one dimming area corresponds to multiple display areas, and wherein determining the grayscale of each of the plurality of dimming areas based on the characterizing grayscale of each display area comprises:
determining, for each dimming area, the maximum characterizing grayscale of the characterizing grayscales of the corresponding multiple display areas as the grayscale of the dimming area. 7. The method according to claim 2, wherein the grayscale adjustment relationship comprises a respective primary color grayscale adjustment table for each primary color; and wherein adjusting the image data to generate the second image data for the display screen according to the grayscale adjustment relationship for the display screen comprises:
obtaining, for grayscale data of the respective primary colors in the image data, adjusted grayscale data by means of the respective primary color grayscale adjustment table. 8. The method according to claim 2, wherein the grayscale adjustment relationship comprises a dimming formula,
wherein adjusting the image data to generate second image data for the display screen according to the grayscale adjustment relationship for the display screen comprises: obtaining grayscales of the plurality of display areas according to the image data; calculating adjusted grayscales of the plurality of display areas using the dimming formula based on the grayscales of the plurality of display areas; and obtaining adjusted image data as the second image data according to the adjusted grayscales. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the grayscale-dimming driving voltage relationship is established by:
determining, for each of a plurality of grayscales, a first desired transmittance of the dimming screen corresponding to the grayscale based on a first grayscale-transmittance diagram for the display screen and a second grayscale-transmittance diagram for the dual-screen display panel; determining an initial dimming driving voltage corresponding to the grayscale based on the first desired transmittance and a transmittance-driving voltage diagram for the dimming screen; determining a display driving voltage corresponding to the grayscale based on the first grayscale-transmittance diagram and the transmittance-driving voltage diagram for the display screen; driving the dimming screen and the display screen with the initial dimming driving voltages and the display driving voltages, respectively; measuring an actual total transmittance of the dual-screen display panel; adjusting, in response to a difference between a desired total transmittance and the actual total transmittance of the dual-screen display panel being greater than a transmittance threshold, the dimming driving voltage until the difference is less than or equal to the transmittance threshold; and storing the plurality of grayscales in association with the corresponding dimming driving voltages to establish the grayscale-dimming driving voltage relationship. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein determining the first desired transmittance of the dimming screen corresponding to the grayscale comprises:
determining a second desired transmittance of the display screen corresponding to the grayscale based on the first grayscale-transmittance diagram; determining the desired total transmittance of the dual-screen display panel corresponding to the grayscale based on the second grayscale-transmittance diagram; and calculating a ratio of the desired total transmittance to the second desired transmittance as the first desired transmittance. 11. The method according to claim 2, wherein the grayscale adjustment relationship comprises a respective primary color grayscale adjustment table for each primary color; and wherein the primary color grayscale adjustment table for a primary color is established by:
determining, for each of a plurality of grayscales, a desired total transmittance of the primary color of the dual-screen display panel based on a desired grayscale-transmittance diagram of the primary color; estimating an actual transmittance of the dimming screen corresponding to the grayscale according to the grayscale-dimming driving voltage relationship, and a transmittance-driving voltage diagram for the dimming screen; calculating a ratio of the desired total transmittance of the primary color to the estimated actual transmittance of the dimming screen as a desired transmittance of the primary color of the display screen; determining an adjusted grayscale based on the desired transmittance of the primary color and a first, grayscale-transmittance diagram of the display screen; and storing the plurality of grayscales in association with the corresponding adjusted grayscales to establish the primary color grayscale adjustment table for the primary color. 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the desired grayscale-transmittance diagram of the primary color is determined by:
measuring a total luminance of backlight emitted by a backlight source and a luminance of the primary color in the backlight; calculating a ratio of the luminance of the primary color to the total luminance; and obtaining the desired grayscale-transmittance diagram of the primary color according to the ratio and a second grayscale-transmittance diagram for the dual-screen display panel. 13. The method according to claim 2, wherein the grayscale adjustment relationship is established by:
determining training dimming driving voltages for each of the plurality of dimming areas according to training image data and the grayscale-dimming driving voltage relationship; determining a desired total transmittance of the dual-screen display panel according to the training image data and a second grayscale-transmittance diagram for the dual-screen display panel; adjusting grayscales of the training image data using a dimming formula; determining training display driving voltages for each of the plurality of display areas according to the adjusted grayscales and the grayscale-display driving voltage relationship; driving the dimming screen and the display screen with the training dimming driving voltages and the training display driving voltages, respectively; measuring an actual total transmittance of the dual-screen display panel; adjusting, in response to a difference between the desired total transmittance and the actual total transmittance of the dual-screen display panel being greater than a transmittance threshold, an adjustment coefficient of the dimming formula until the difference is less than or equal to the transmittance threshold; and determining, in response to the difference being less than or equal to the transmittance threshold, the current dimming formula as the grayscale adjustment relationship. 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the dimming formula is as follows:
Y=y+a*y*(b*y_feature−y)/y_feature,
where Y represents an adjusted grayscale, y represents an initial grayscale, y_feature represents a feature grayscale, and a and b represent the adjustment coefficients. 15. The method according to claim 13, wherein determining training dimming driving voltages for each of the plurality of dimming areas according to training image data and the grayscale-dimming driving voltage relationship comprises:
determining a characterizing grayscale of each of the plurality of display areas based on the training image data; determining grayscale data of each dimming area based on the characterizing grayscale of each display area; and determining the training dimming driving voltages for each dimming area according to the grayscale-dimming driving voltage relationship and the grayscale data of each dimming area. 16. The method according to claim 15, wherein determining the characterizing grayscale of each of the plurality of display areas comprises:
determining grayscale data of each primary color for each of the plurality of display areas according to the training image data; and determining, for each display area, the maximum grayscale data of the grayscale data as the characterizing grayscale of the display area. 17. The method according to claim 15, wherein one dimming area corresponds to one display area; and
wherein the grayscale data of each dimming area is determined as the characterizing grayscale of the corresponding display area. 18. The method according to claim 15, wherein one dimming area corresponds to multiple display areas; and
wherein determining grayscale data of each dimming area based on the characterizing grayscale of each display area comprises: determining, for each dimming area, the maximum characterizing grayscale of the characterizing grayscales of the corresponding multiple display areas as the grayscale data of the dimming area. 19-20. (canceled) 21. An apparatus for displaying an image on a dual-screen display panel, comprising:
one or more processors; a memory coupled to the one or more processors and having computer program instructions stored therein, wherein the computer program instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to perform the method according to claim 1. 22. A dual-screen display panel, comprising: a backlight source, a dimming screen, a display screen, and an apparatus according to claim 21, wherein the dimming screen is disposed between the backlight source and the display screen. 23. (canceled) | The embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method for displaying an image on a dual-screen display panel. According to an embodiment, the dual-screen display panel comprises a dimming screen and a display screen. The method comprises: generating first image data for the dimming screen according to image data; determining dimming driving voltages for a plurality of dimming areas based on the first image data according to a grayscale-dimming driving voltage relationship; determining display driving voltages for a plurality of display areas based on the image data according to a grayscale-display driving voltage relationship; and driving the dimming screen and the display screen with the determined dimming driving voltages and display driving voltages, respectively, to display the image.1. A method for displaying an image on a dual-screen display panel, wherein the dual-screen display panel comprises a dimming screen and a display screen, the display screen comprises a plurality of display areas, and the dimming screen comprises a plurality of dimming areas, the method comprising:
generating first image data for the dimming screen according to image data of the image; determining dimming driving voltages for the plurality of dimming areas based on the first image data according to a grayscale-dimming driving voltage relationship for the dimming screen; determining display driving voltages for the plurality of display areas based on the image data according to a grayscale-display driving voltage relationship for the display screen; and driving the dimming screen and the display screen with the dimming driving voltages and the display driving voltages, respectively, to display the image. 2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
adjusting the image data to generate second image data for the display screen according to a grayscale adjustment relationship for the display screen; wherein the second image data is used to determine the display driving voltages. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein generating the first image data for the dimming screen comprises:
determining a characterizing grayscale of each of the plurality of display areas based on the image data; and determining a grayscale of each of the plurality of dimming areas based on the characterizing grayscale of each display area to form the first image data. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein determining the characterizing grayscale of each of the plurality of display areas comprises:
determining a grayscale of each primary color for each display area based on the image data; and determining, for each display area, a maximum grayscale of the grayscales of the primary colors as the characterizing grayscale of the display area. 5. The method according to claim 3, wherein one dimming area corresponds to one display area, and wherein the grayscale of each of the plurality of dimming areas is determined as the characterizing grayscale of the corresponding display area. 6. The method according to claim 3, wherein one dimming area corresponds to multiple display areas, and wherein determining the grayscale of each of the plurality of dimming areas based on the characterizing grayscale of each display area comprises:
determining, for each dimming area, the maximum characterizing grayscale of the characterizing grayscales of the corresponding multiple display areas as the grayscale of the dimming area. 7. The method according to claim 2, wherein the grayscale adjustment relationship comprises a respective primary color grayscale adjustment table for each primary color; and wherein adjusting the image data to generate the second image data for the display screen according to the grayscale adjustment relationship for the display screen comprises:
obtaining, for grayscale data of the respective primary colors in the image data, adjusted grayscale data by means of the respective primary color grayscale adjustment table. 8. The method according to claim 2, wherein the grayscale adjustment relationship comprises a dimming formula,
wherein adjusting the image data to generate second image data for the display screen according to the grayscale adjustment relationship for the display screen comprises: obtaining grayscales of the plurality of display areas according to the image data; calculating adjusted grayscales of the plurality of display areas using the dimming formula based on the grayscales of the plurality of display areas; and obtaining adjusted image data as the second image data according to the adjusted grayscales. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the grayscale-dimming driving voltage relationship is established by:
determining, for each of a plurality of grayscales, a first desired transmittance of the dimming screen corresponding to the grayscale based on a first grayscale-transmittance diagram for the display screen and a second grayscale-transmittance diagram for the dual-screen display panel; determining an initial dimming driving voltage corresponding to the grayscale based on the first desired transmittance and a transmittance-driving voltage diagram for the dimming screen; determining a display driving voltage corresponding to the grayscale based on the first grayscale-transmittance diagram and the transmittance-driving voltage diagram for the display screen; driving the dimming screen and the display screen with the initial dimming driving voltages and the display driving voltages, respectively; measuring an actual total transmittance of the dual-screen display panel; adjusting, in response to a difference between a desired total transmittance and the actual total transmittance of the dual-screen display panel being greater than a transmittance threshold, the dimming driving voltage until the difference is less than or equal to the transmittance threshold; and storing the plurality of grayscales in association with the corresponding dimming driving voltages to establish the grayscale-dimming driving voltage relationship. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein determining the first desired transmittance of the dimming screen corresponding to the grayscale comprises:
determining a second desired transmittance of the display screen corresponding to the grayscale based on the first grayscale-transmittance diagram; determining the desired total transmittance of the dual-screen display panel corresponding to the grayscale based on the second grayscale-transmittance diagram; and calculating a ratio of the desired total transmittance to the second desired transmittance as the first desired transmittance. 11. The method according to claim 2, wherein the grayscale adjustment relationship comprises a respective primary color grayscale adjustment table for each primary color; and wherein the primary color grayscale adjustment table for a primary color is established by:
determining, for each of a plurality of grayscales, a desired total transmittance of the primary color of the dual-screen display panel based on a desired grayscale-transmittance diagram of the primary color; estimating an actual transmittance of the dimming screen corresponding to the grayscale according to the grayscale-dimming driving voltage relationship, and a transmittance-driving voltage diagram for the dimming screen; calculating a ratio of the desired total transmittance of the primary color to the estimated actual transmittance of the dimming screen as a desired transmittance of the primary color of the display screen; determining an adjusted grayscale based on the desired transmittance of the primary color and a first, grayscale-transmittance diagram of the display screen; and storing the plurality of grayscales in association with the corresponding adjusted grayscales to establish the primary color grayscale adjustment table for the primary color. 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the desired grayscale-transmittance diagram of the primary color is determined by:
measuring a total luminance of backlight emitted by a backlight source and a luminance of the primary color in the backlight; calculating a ratio of the luminance of the primary color to the total luminance; and obtaining the desired grayscale-transmittance diagram of the primary color according to the ratio and a second grayscale-transmittance diagram for the dual-screen display panel. 13. The method according to claim 2, wherein the grayscale adjustment relationship is established by:
determining training dimming driving voltages for each of the plurality of dimming areas according to training image data and the grayscale-dimming driving voltage relationship; determining a desired total transmittance of the dual-screen display panel according to the training image data and a second grayscale-transmittance diagram for the dual-screen display panel; adjusting grayscales of the training image data using a dimming formula; determining training display driving voltages for each of the plurality of display areas according to the adjusted grayscales and the grayscale-display driving voltage relationship; driving the dimming screen and the display screen with the training dimming driving voltages and the training display driving voltages, respectively; measuring an actual total transmittance of the dual-screen display panel; adjusting, in response to a difference between the desired total transmittance and the actual total transmittance of the dual-screen display panel being greater than a transmittance threshold, an adjustment coefficient of the dimming formula until the difference is less than or equal to the transmittance threshold; and determining, in response to the difference being less than or equal to the transmittance threshold, the current dimming formula as the grayscale adjustment relationship. 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the dimming formula is as follows:
Y=y+a*y*(b*y_feature−y)/y_feature,
where Y represents an adjusted grayscale, y represents an initial grayscale, y_feature represents a feature grayscale, and a and b represent the adjustment coefficients. 15. The method according to claim 13, wherein determining training dimming driving voltages for each of the plurality of dimming areas according to training image data and the grayscale-dimming driving voltage relationship comprises:
determining a characterizing grayscale of each of the plurality of display areas based on the training image data; determining grayscale data of each dimming area based on the characterizing grayscale of each display area; and determining the training dimming driving voltages for each dimming area according to the grayscale-dimming driving voltage relationship and the grayscale data of each dimming area. 16. The method according to claim 15, wherein determining the characterizing grayscale of each of the plurality of display areas comprises:
determining grayscale data of each primary color for each of the plurality of display areas according to the training image data; and determining, for each display area, the maximum grayscale data of the grayscale data as the characterizing grayscale of the display area. 17. The method according to claim 15, wherein one dimming area corresponds to one display area; and
wherein the grayscale data of each dimming area is determined as the characterizing grayscale of the corresponding display area. 18. The method according to claim 15, wherein one dimming area corresponds to multiple display areas; and
wherein determining grayscale data of each dimming area based on the characterizing grayscale of each display area comprises: determining, for each dimming area, the maximum characterizing grayscale of the characterizing grayscales of the corresponding multiple display areas as the grayscale data of the dimming area. 19-20. (canceled) 21. An apparatus for displaying an image on a dual-screen display panel, comprising:
one or more processors; a memory coupled to the one or more processors and having computer program instructions stored therein, wherein the computer program instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to perform the method according to claim 1. 22. A dual-screen display panel, comprising: a backlight source, a dimming screen, a display screen, and an apparatus according to claim 21, wherein the dimming screen is disposed between the backlight source and the display screen. 23. (canceled) | 2,600 |
349,276 | 350,150 | 16,757,932 | 2,692 | A brake system for a motor vehicle with at least four hydraulically activated wheel brakes. Each of the wheel brakes has a first electrically activated wheel valve which is open when de-energized and a second electrically activated wheel valve which is closed when de-energized, a first electrically activated pressure source, connected to the first wheel valves via a first brake supply line. Arranged in the first brake supply line is an electrically activated circuit isolating valve by which two of the first wheel valves can be hydraulically disconnected from the first pressure source, a second electrically activated pressure source, and a pressure medium reservoir vessel at atmospheric pressure. The circuit isolating valve is designed to be open when de-energized, and the second electrically activated pressure source is connected to the second wheel valves via a second brake supply line. A method for operating the brake system is also disclosed. | 1. A brake system for a motor vehicle with at least four hydraulically activated wheel brakes (8 a-8 d), comprising:
for each of the wheel brakes a first electrically activated wheel valve which is designed to be open when de-energized and a second electrically activated wheel valve which is designed to be closed when de-energized, a first electrically activated pressure source, which is connected to the first wheel valves via a first brake supply line, wherein arranged in the first brake supply line is an electrically activated circuit isolating valve by means of which two of the first wheel valves can be hydraulically disconnected from the first pressure source, a second electrically activated pressure source, and a pressure medium reservoir vessel which is at atmospheric pressure, 2. The brake system as claimed in claim 1, wherein there is no electrically activated valve arranged between the second pressure source and the second wheel valves in the second brake supply line. 3. The brake system as claimed in claim 1, wherein there is no valve arranged between the first pressure source and the other first wheel valves. 4. The brake system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said brake system comprises a first electronic device by which the first pressure source is activated, and a second electronic device by which the second pressure source is activated, wherein the second electronic device is electrically independent of the first electronic device. 5. The brake system as claimed in claim 4, wherein the first and second wheel valves activated by the second electronic device. 6. The brake system as claimed in claim 4, wherein a wheel speed sensor is provided for each wheel brake, wherein the signals of the wheel speed sensors are fed to the second electronic device for evaluation, and the wheel speed sensors are supplied with electrical energy by the second electronic device. 7. The brake system as claimed in claim 4, wherein the circuit isolating valve is activated by the first electronic device. 8. The brake system as claimed in claim 4, further comprising a vehicle movement dynamics sensor system, wherein the signals of the vehicle movement dynamics sensor system are fed to the first electronic device for evaluation, and the vehicle movement dynamics sensor system is supplied with electrical energy by the first electronic device. 9. The brake system as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least the first pressure source is embodied as a cylinder-piston assembly with a pressure space which is bounded by a piston which can be moved, by an electric motor and a rotational-translational transmission, in an activation direction to build up pressure and in a direction opposite to the activation direction in order to reduce pressure. 10. The brake system as claimed in claim 9, wherein in an unactivated state of the piston the pressure space is connected to the pressure medium reservoir vessel via at least one snifter hole, wherein this connection is interrupted when the piston is activated. 11. The brake system as claimed in claim 9, wherein a resetting element, which positions the piston in the unactivated state when the electric motor is de-energized, is provided in the pressure space. 12. The brake system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said brake system further comprises a simulation device which can be activated by a brake pedal, wherein no mechanical and/or hydraulic operative connection between the brake pedal and the wheel brakes is provided. 13. A method for operating a brake system as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the event of a failure of the first pressure source or of the first electronic device, the first wheel valves are closed by the second electronic device and the second wheel valves are opened and the second pressure source is activated to build up a pressure. 14. The method as claimed in claim 13, wherein in the event of a failure of the first pressure source or of the first electronic device a wheel-specific brake pressure closed-loop control process is carried out by the second electronic device, wherein a reduction in pressure is carried out at one of the wheel brakes by opening the corresponding first wheel valve, wherein pressure medium flows away to the pressure medium reservoir vessel via the circuit isolating valve and the first pressure source. 15. The method for operating a brake system as claimed in claim 13, wherein in the event of a failure of the second pressure source or the second electronic device the first pressure source is activated by the first electronic device to build up a brake pressure, and the circuit isolating valve is activated to set circuit-specific brake pressures. 16. The brake system as claimed in claim 1, wherein there is no valve arranged between the second pressure source and the second wheel valves in the second brake supply line. 17. The brake system as claimed in claim 2, wherein there is no valve arranged between the first pressure source and the other first wheel valves. 18. The brake system as claimed in claim 5, wherein a wheel speed sensor is provided for each wheel brake, wherein the signals of the wheel speed sensors are fed to the second electronic device for evaluation, and the wheel speed sensors are supplied with electrical energy by the second electronic device. 19. The brake system as claimed in claim 10, wherein a resetting element, which positions the piston in the unactivated state when the electric motor is de-energized, is provided in the pressure space. 20. The method for operating a brake system as claimed in claim 14, wherein in the event of a failure of the second pressure source or the second electronic device the first pressure source is activated by the first electronic device to build up a brake pressure, and the circuit isolating valve is activated to set circuit-specific brake pressures. | A brake system for a motor vehicle with at least four hydraulically activated wheel brakes. Each of the wheel brakes has a first electrically activated wheel valve which is open when de-energized and a second electrically activated wheel valve which is closed when de-energized, a first electrically activated pressure source, connected to the first wheel valves via a first brake supply line. Arranged in the first brake supply line is an electrically activated circuit isolating valve by which two of the first wheel valves can be hydraulically disconnected from the first pressure source, a second electrically activated pressure source, and a pressure medium reservoir vessel at atmospheric pressure. The circuit isolating valve is designed to be open when de-energized, and the second electrically activated pressure source is connected to the second wheel valves via a second brake supply line. A method for operating the brake system is also disclosed.1. A brake system for a motor vehicle with at least four hydraulically activated wheel brakes (8 a-8 d), comprising:
for each of the wheel brakes a first electrically activated wheel valve which is designed to be open when de-energized and a second electrically activated wheel valve which is designed to be closed when de-energized, a first electrically activated pressure source, which is connected to the first wheel valves via a first brake supply line, wherein arranged in the first brake supply line is an electrically activated circuit isolating valve by means of which two of the first wheel valves can be hydraulically disconnected from the first pressure source, a second electrically activated pressure source, and a pressure medium reservoir vessel which is at atmospheric pressure, 2. The brake system as claimed in claim 1, wherein there is no electrically activated valve arranged between the second pressure source and the second wheel valves in the second brake supply line. 3. The brake system as claimed in claim 1, wherein there is no valve arranged between the first pressure source and the other first wheel valves. 4. The brake system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said brake system comprises a first electronic device by which the first pressure source is activated, and a second electronic device by which the second pressure source is activated, wherein the second electronic device is electrically independent of the first electronic device. 5. The brake system as claimed in claim 4, wherein the first and second wheel valves activated by the second electronic device. 6. The brake system as claimed in claim 4, wherein a wheel speed sensor is provided for each wheel brake, wherein the signals of the wheel speed sensors are fed to the second electronic device for evaluation, and the wheel speed sensors are supplied with electrical energy by the second electronic device. 7. The brake system as claimed in claim 4, wherein the circuit isolating valve is activated by the first electronic device. 8. The brake system as claimed in claim 4, further comprising a vehicle movement dynamics sensor system, wherein the signals of the vehicle movement dynamics sensor system are fed to the first electronic device for evaluation, and the vehicle movement dynamics sensor system is supplied with electrical energy by the first electronic device. 9. The brake system as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least the first pressure source is embodied as a cylinder-piston assembly with a pressure space which is bounded by a piston which can be moved, by an electric motor and a rotational-translational transmission, in an activation direction to build up pressure and in a direction opposite to the activation direction in order to reduce pressure. 10. The brake system as claimed in claim 9, wherein in an unactivated state of the piston the pressure space is connected to the pressure medium reservoir vessel via at least one snifter hole, wherein this connection is interrupted when the piston is activated. 11. The brake system as claimed in claim 9, wherein a resetting element, which positions the piston in the unactivated state when the electric motor is de-energized, is provided in the pressure space. 12. The brake system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said brake system further comprises a simulation device which can be activated by a brake pedal, wherein no mechanical and/or hydraulic operative connection between the brake pedal and the wheel brakes is provided. 13. A method for operating a brake system as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the event of a failure of the first pressure source or of the first electronic device, the first wheel valves are closed by the second electronic device and the second wheel valves are opened and the second pressure source is activated to build up a pressure. 14. The method as claimed in claim 13, wherein in the event of a failure of the first pressure source or of the first electronic device a wheel-specific brake pressure closed-loop control process is carried out by the second electronic device, wherein a reduction in pressure is carried out at one of the wheel brakes by opening the corresponding first wheel valve, wherein pressure medium flows away to the pressure medium reservoir vessel via the circuit isolating valve and the first pressure source. 15. The method for operating a brake system as claimed in claim 13, wherein in the event of a failure of the second pressure source or the second electronic device the first pressure source is activated by the first electronic device to build up a brake pressure, and the circuit isolating valve is activated to set circuit-specific brake pressures. 16. The brake system as claimed in claim 1, wherein there is no valve arranged between the second pressure source and the second wheel valves in the second brake supply line. 17. The brake system as claimed in claim 2, wherein there is no valve arranged between the first pressure source and the other first wheel valves. 18. The brake system as claimed in claim 5, wherein a wheel speed sensor is provided for each wheel brake, wherein the signals of the wheel speed sensors are fed to the second electronic device for evaluation, and the wheel speed sensors are supplied with electrical energy by the second electronic device. 19. The brake system as claimed in claim 10, wherein a resetting element, which positions the piston in the unactivated state when the electric motor is de-energized, is provided in the pressure space. 20. The method for operating a brake system as claimed in claim 14, wherein in the event of a failure of the second pressure source or the second electronic device the first pressure source is activated by the first electronic device to build up a brake pressure, and the circuit isolating valve is activated to set circuit-specific brake pressures. | 2,600 |
349,277 | 350,151 | 16,757,939 | 2,692 | A valve device includes valve elements each having a valve seat, a valve seat support, and a diaphragm provided so as to be able to abut on and separate from the seat surface of the valve seat, the diaphragm making the flow passage of the valve seat and the corresponding secondary flow path communicate through the gap between the diaphragm and the valve seat, and the valve seat support has seal surfaces that cooperate with a part of the inner wall surface of the corresponding accommodation recess to shut off the communication between the corresponding primary flow path and the secondary flow path, and a detour passage that connects the primary flow path and the flow passage of the valve seat, and the valve body defines a communication passage that makes the secondary flow paths communicates with each other. | 1. A valve device comprising a block-shaped valve body,
the valve body defining first and second accommodation recesses in which first and second valve elements are respectively housed, primary flow paths respectively making the first and second accommodation recesses communicate with the exterior of the valve body, secondary flow paths respectively making the first and second accommodation recesses communicate with the exterior of the valve body, and a communication flow path connecting the first and second accommodation recesses to make the secondary flow paths communicate with each other, and each of the first and second valve elements selectively switching a state of communication between the primary and secondary flow paths connected to the first or second receiving recess. 2. The valve device according to claim 1, wherein
the valve body defines opposing top and bottom surfaces and side surfaces extending between the top and bottom surfaces, each of the first and second valve elements comprises: a valve seat having an annular seating surface formed on one end surface, an annular sealing surface formed on the other end surface, and a flow passage formed inside the seating surface and the sealing surface and passing from the one end surface to the other end surface, a valve seat support having a support surface against which a sealing surface of the valve seat abuts to support a pressing force from the sealing surface, and a diaphragm provided to be in contact with and spaced apart from a seating surface of the valve seat supported by the valve seat support, the diaphragm making the flow passage of the valve seat and a corresponding secondary flow path communicates through a gap between the diaphragm and a seating surface of the valve seat, the valve seat support has a sealing surface that cooperates with a portion of the inner wall surface of the corresponding accommodation recess to block the communication between the corresponding primary and secondary flow paths, and a detour passage that connects the primary flow path and the flow passage of the valve seat. 3. The valve device according to claim 2, wherein each of the primary flow paths is open at the bottom surface of the valve body,
each of the secondary flow paths is branched into a plurality of branch flow paths in the valve body, and each of the plurality of branch flow paths is open at any of a top surface, a bottom surface, and a side surface of the valve body. 4. The valve device according to claim 2, wherein the secondary flow paths and the communication flow path extend in the longitudinal direction of the valve body and are formed on a common axis. 5. The valve device according to claim 4, wherein the secondary flow path having one end connected to the first accommodation recess is closed at the other end in the valve body, and
the secondary flow path having one end connected to the second accommodation recess is open at the other end on the side surface of the valve body. 6. The valve device according to claim 1, further comprising a sealing member provided between a part of an inner wall surface of each of the first and second accommodation recesses and a sealing surface of the valve seat support. 7. The valve device according to claim 6, wherein the sealing member is configured to be crushed between a part of an inner wall surface of the accommodation recess and the valve seat support by receiving a pressing force from the valve seat. 8. The valve device according to claim 2, further comprising a positioning and pressing member for positioning the valve seat with respect to the support surface of the valve seat support and pressing the valve seat toward the support surface of the valve seat support,
wherein the positioning and pressing member has a flow passage for making the flow passage of the valve seat and the secondary flow path communicate through a gap between the diaphragm and the seating surface. 9. The valve device according to claim 8, wherein the positioning and pressing member is disposed between the valve body and the diaphragm. 10. The valve device according to claim 8, further comprising an actuator for driving the diaphragm, wherein
a casing containing the actuator is screwed into the valve body, and the positioning and pressing member presses the valve seat toward the support surface of the valve seat support by utilizing the screwing force of the casing. 11. A flow rate control device for controlling a flow rate of a fluid,
comprising the valve device as claimed in claim 1. 12. A flow rate control method comprising using the valve device as claimed in claim 1 for controlling the flow rate of a fluid. 13-15. (canceled) | A valve device includes valve elements each having a valve seat, a valve seat support, and a diaphragm provided so as to be able to abut on and separate from the seat surface of the valve seat, the diaphragm making the flow passage of the valve seat and the corresponding secondary flow path communicate through the gap between the diaphragm and the valve seat, and the valve seat support has seal surfaces that cooperate with a part of the inner wall surface of the corresponding accommodation recess to shut off the communication between the corresponding primary flow path and the secondary flow path, and a detour passage that connects the primary flow path and the flow passage of the valve seat, and the valve body defines a communication passage that makes the secondary flow paths communicates with each other.1. A valve device comprising a block-shaped valve body,
the valve body defining first and second accommodation recesses in which first and second valve elements are respectively housed, primary flow paths respectively making the first and second accommodation recesses communicate with the exterior of the valve body, secondary flow paths respectively making the first and second accommodation recesses communicate with the exterior of the valve body, and a communication flow path connecting the first and second accommodation recesses to make the secondary flow paths communicate with each other, and each of the first and second valve elements selectively switching a state of communication between the primary and secondary flow paths connected to the first or second receiving recess. 2. The valve device according to claim 1, wherein
the valve body defines opposing top and bottom surfaces and side surfaces extending between the top and bottom surfaces, each of the first and second valve elements comprises: a valve seat having an annular seating surface formed on one end surface, an annular sealing surface formed on the other end surface, and a flow passage formed inside the seating surface and the sealing surface and passing from the one end surface to the other end surface, a valve seat support having a support surface against which a sealing surface of the valve seat abuts to support a pressing force from the sealing surface, and a diaphragm provided to be in contact with and spaced apart from a seating surface of the valve seat supported by the valve seat support, the diaphragm making the flow passage of the valve seat and a corresponding secondary flow path communicates through a gap between the diaphragm and a seating surface of the valve seat, the valve seat support has a sealing surface that cooperates with a portion of the inner wall surface of the corresponding accommodation recess to block the communication between the corresponding primary and secondary flow paths, and a detour passage that connects the primary flow path and the flow passage of the valve seat. 3. The valve device according to claim 2, wherein each of the primary flow paths is open at the bottom surface of the valve body,
each of the secondary flow paths is branched into a plurality of branch flow paths in the valve body, and each of the plurality of branch flow paths is open at any of a top surface, a bottom surface, and a side surface of the valve body. 4. The valve device according to claim 2, wherein the secondary flow paths and the communication flow path extend in the longitudinal direction of the valve body and are formed on a common axis. 5. The valve device according to claim 4, wherein the secondary flow path having one end connected to the first accommodation recess is closed at the other end in the valve body, and
the secondary flow path having one end connected to the second accommodation recess is open at the other end on the side surface of the valve body. 6. The valve device according to claim 1, further comprising a sealing member provided between a part of an inner wall surface of each of the first and second accommodation recesses and a sealing surface of the valve seat support. 7. The valve device according to claim 6, wherein the sealing member is configured to be crushed between a part of an inner wall surface of the accommodation recess and the valve seat support by receiving a pressing force from the valve seat. 8. The valve device according to claim 2, further comprising a positioning and pressing member for positioning the valve seat with respect to the support surface of the valve seat support and pressing the valve seat toward the support surface of the valve seat support,
wherein the positioning and pressing member has a flow passage for making the flow passage of the valve seat and the secondary flow path communicate through a gap between the diaphragm and the seating surface. 9. The valve device according to claim 8, wherein the positioning and pressing member is disposed between the valve body and the diaphragm. 10. The valve device according to claim 8, further comprising an actuator for driving the diaphragm, wherein
a casing containing the actuator is screwed into the valve body, and the positioning and pressing member presses the valve seat toward the support surface of the valve seat support by utilizing the screwing force of the casing. 11. A flow rate control device for controlling a flow rate of a fluid,
comprising the valve device as claimed in claim 1. 12. A flow rate control method comprising using the valve device as claimed in claim 1 for controlling the flow rate of a fluid. 13-15. (canceled) | 2,600 |
349,278 | 350,152 | 16,757,949 | 2,692 | A phase adjustment circuit includes: a local frequency band phase shifter that adjusts a phase of a signal in a local signal frequency band and that outputs the adjusted signal; a frequency-converting mixer that receives the adjusted signal and another signal different from the adjusted signal, and that mixes the adjusted signal with the other signal; and a buffer amplifier that is provided between the local frequency band phase shifter and the frequency-converting mixer, and that is capable of amplifying an input power that is to be input to the frequency-converting mixer so that the input power is up to be in an input power range in which an input-output characteristic of power of the frequency-converting mixer is out of a linear region. | 1. A phase adjustment circuit comprising:
a local frequency band phase shifter that adjusts a phase of a signal in a local signal frequency band and that outputs the adjusted signal; a frequency-converting mixer that receives the adjusted signal and another signal different from the adjusted signal, and that mixes the adjusted signal with the other signal; and a buffer amplifier that is provided between the local frequency band phase shifter and the frequency-converting mixer, and that is capable of amplifying an input power that is to be input to the frequency-converting mixer so that the input power is up to be in an input power range in which an input-output characteristic of power of the frequency-converting mixer is out of a linear region. 2. The phase adjustment circuit according to claim 1, wherein:
the input power range in which the input-output characteristic of power of the frequency-converting mixer is out of the linear region is an input power range that is at least a 1-dB gain compression point of the frequency-converting mixer or higher; and the buffer amplifier is capable of amplifying the input power so that the input power is up to be in the input power range that is at least the 1-dB gain compression point of the frequency-converting mixer or higher. 3. The phase adjustment circuit according to claim 1, wherein:
the input power range in which the input-output characteristic of power of the frequency-converting mixer is out of the linear region is an input power range in which an output power of the frequency-converting mixer becomes saturated; and the buffer amplifier is capable of amplifying the input power so that the input power is up to be in the input power range in which the output power of the frequency-converting mixer becomes saturated. 4. The phase adjustment circuit according to claim 1, wherein
the local frequency band phase shifter comprises: a four-value orthogonal signal generation circuit that generates a four-value orthogonal signal with 90-degree steps; and an LC tank that follows the four-value orthogonal signal generation circuit, and that includes a capacitor including a variable capacitance value. 5. The phase adjustment circuit according to claim 4, wherein the four-value orthogonal signal generation circuit comprises an RC-type polyphase filter. 6. The phase adjustment circuit according to claim 1, wherein the buffer amplifier outputs a saturated power of the frequency-converting mixer irrespective of a phase value setting of the local frequency band phase shifter. 7. The phase adjustment circuit according to claim 1, wherein the buffer amplifier is a variable-gain amplifier. 8. The phase adjustment circuit according to claim 1, wherein the buffer amplifier controls a magnitude of an output power by adjusting a gain. 9. An array antenna device comprising phase adjustment circuits according to claim 1, and antennas that transmit an output power that is output from the phase adjustment circuits. 10. The array antenna according to claim 9, wherein each of the phase adjustment circuits adjusts an amplitude and a phase of a signal in the circuit itself, thereby changing a magnitude and a phase of the output power output by each of the antennas, and changing a beam pattern generated by combining the output powers. 11. A control method comprising:
adjusting a phase of a signal in a local signal frequency band and outputting the adjusted signal; receiving the adjusted signal and another signal different from the adjusted signal and mixing the adjusted signal with the other signal; and amplifying an input power that is to be input to a frequency-converting mixer so that the input power is up to be in an input power range in which an input-output characteristic of power of the frequency-converting mixer is out of a linear region. 12. A non-transitory computer-readable recording medium storing a program that causes a computer to execute:
adjusting a phase of a signal in a local signal frequency band and outputting the adjusted signal; receiving the adjusted signal and another signal different from the adjusted signal and mixing the adjusted signal with the other signal; and amplifying an input power that is to be input to a frequency-converting mixer so that the input power is up to be in an input power range in which an input-output characteristic of power of the frequency-converting mixer is out of a linear region. | A phase adjustment circuit includes: a local frequency band phase shifter that adjusts a phase of a signal in a local signal frequency band and that outputs the adjusted signal; a frequency-converting mixer that receives the adjusted signal and another signal different from the adjusted signal, and that mixes the adjusted signal with the other signal; and a buffer amplifier that is provided between the local frequency band phase shifter and the frequency-converting mixer, and that is capable of amplifying an input power that is to be input to the frequency-converting mixer so that the input power is up to be in an input power range in which an input-output characteristic of power of the frequency-converting mixer is out of a linear region.1. A phase adjustment circuit comprising:
a local frequency band phase shifter that adjusts a phase of a signal in a local signal frequency band and that outputs the adjusted signal; a frequency-converting mixer that receives the adjusted signal and another signal different from the adjusted signal, and that mixes the adjusted signal with the other signal; and a buffer amplifier that is provided between the local frequency band phase shifter and the frequency-converting mixer, and that is capable of amplifying an input power that is to be input to the frequency-converting mixer so that the input power is up to be in an input power range in which an input-output characteristic of power of the frequency-converting mixer is out of a linear region. 2. The phase adjustment circuit according to claim 1, wherein:
the input power range in which the input-output characteristic of power of the frequency-converting mixer is out of the linear region is an input power range that is at least a 1-dB gain compression point of the frequency-converting mixer or higher; and the buffer amplifier is capable of amplifying the input power so that the input power is up to be in the input power range that is at least the 1-dB gain compression point of the frequency-converting mixer or higher. 3. The phase adjustment circuit according to claim 1, wherein:
the input power range in which the input-output characteristic of power of the frequency-converting mixer is out of the linear region is an input power range in which an output power of the frequency-converting mixer becomes saturated; and the buffer amplifier is capable of amplifying the input power so that the input power is up to be in the input power range in which the output power of the frequency-converting mixer becomes saturated. 4. The phase adjustment circuit according to claim 1, wherein
the local frequency band phase shifter comprises: a four-value orthogonal signal generation circuit that generates a four-value orthogonal signal with 90-degree steps; and an LC tank that follows the four-value orthogonal signal generation circuit, and that includes a capacitor including a variable capacitance value. 5. The phase adjustment circuit according to claim 4, wherein the four-value orthogonal signal generation circuit comprises an RC-type polyphase filter. 6. The phase adjustment circuit according to claim 1, wherein the buffer amplifier outputs a saturated power of the frequency-converting mixer irrespective of a phase value setting of the local frequency band phase shifter. 7. The phase adjustment circuit according to claim 1, wherein the buffer amplifier is a variable-gain amplifier. 8. The phase adjustment circuit according to claim 1, wherein the buffer amplifier controls a magnitude of an output power by adjusting a gain. 9. An array antenna device comprising phase adjustment circuits according to claim 1, and antennas that transmit an output power that is output from the phase adjustment circuits. 10. The array antenna according to claim 9, wherein each of the phase adjustment circuits adjusts an amplitude and a phase of a signal in the circuit itself, thereby changing a magnitude and a phase of the output power output by each of the antennas, and changing a beam pattern generated by combining the output powers. 11. A control method comprising:
adjusting a phase of a signal in a local signal frequency band and outputting the adjusted signal; receiving the adjusted signal and another signal different from the adjusted signal and mixing the adjusted signal with the other signal; and amplifying an input power that is to be input to a frequency-converting mixer so that the input power is up to be in an input power range in which an input-output characteristic of power of the frequency-converting mixer is out of a linear region. 12. A non-transitory computer-readable recording medium storing a program that causes a computer to execute:
adjusting a phase of a signal in a local signal frequency band and outputting the adjusted signal; receiving the adjusted signal and another signal different from the adjusted signal and mixing the adjusted signal with the other signal; and amplifying an input power that is to be input to a frequency-converting mixer so that the input power is up to be in an input power range in which an input-output characteristic of power of the frequency-converting mixer is out of a linear region. | 2,600 |
349,279 | 350,153 | 16,757,954 | 2,692 | Disclosed in the present invention is a signal transmission method for a multi-antenna multi-user TDD communication system. Each frame of the TDD communication system includes one forward downlink frame synchronization signal, multiple downlink data time slots, and multiple uplink data time slots; the downlink frame synchronization signal is a broadcast signal, the base station sends the downlink frame synchronization signal to all terminals, and after each terminal receives the downlink frame synchronization signal, time and frequency synchronization is performed with reference to the base station to acquire the start time and end time of each uplink data time slot. The synchronization signal received power P is evaluated and compared with the synchronization signal received power range of all uplink data time slots in the frame, and all terminals falling into the synchronization signal received power range of the uplink data time slot k select the uplink data time slot k to send data. | 1. A signal transmission method for a multi-antenna multi-user time division duplex (TDD) communication system, wherein each frame of the TDD communication system comprises one forward downlink frame synchronization signal, multiple downlink data time slots, and multiple uplink data time slots;
the downlink frame synchronization signal is a broadcast signal, a base station sends the downlink frame synchronization signal to all terminals, after each terminal receives the downlink frame synchronization signal, time and frequency synchronization is performed with reference to the base station, a synchronization signal received power P is evaluated simultaneously; by time synchronization, each terminal acquires the start and end time of each uplink data time slot, afterwards, according to the evaluated synchronization signal received power P, each terminal selects one uplink data time slot k to send data, wherein k is a natural number, and the specific selecting method is as follows: a lower limit for the synchronization signal received power is defined for each uplink data time slot in the frame, and the lower limit for the synchronization signal received power of the uplink data time slot k is represented by Γk; in the case that Γk increases as k increases, slot k is selected if Γk≤P≤Γk+1; in the case that Γk decreases as k increases, if P≥Γ1, the uplink data time slot 1 is selected to send data, and if P<Γ1, and slot k is selected if Γk≤P<Γk−1; wherein the above Γk is a predetermined constant number for each uplink data time slot in the frame, and Γk is acquired by statistics and optimization by simulation or actual measurement. 2. The signal transmission method for a multi-antenna multi-user TDD communication system according to claim 1, wherein in each uplink data time slot, multiple terminals transmit data packets to the base station, and each data packet is modulated by adopting a narrow-band single-carrier modulation manner; and the format in which the terminal transmits the data in the uplink data time slot is a pilot signal plus an uplink synchronization sequence plus an encoded data sequence, wherein the pilot signal is a single frequency signal and the uplink synchronization sequence is a sequence with good autocorrelation characteristics. 3. The signal transmission method for a multi-antenna multi-user TDD communication system according to claim 2, wherein the uplink synchronization sequence and the encoded data sequence are both modulated by any method of MSK, GMSK, OQPSK, and π/2-BPSK. 4. The signal transmission method for a multi-antenna multi-user TDD communication system according to claim 1, wherein the data packets transmitted between the base station and the terminals in the uplink data time slots and the downlink data time slots are both modulated by adopting a narrow-band single-carrier modulation manner, and the terminal randomly selects a center frequency to transmit uplink data, and receives the downlink data of the base station on the same center frequency. 5. The signal transmission method for a multi-antenna multi-user TDD communication system according to claim 1, wherein the downlink frame synchronization signal is a LoRa signal. 6. The signal transmission method for a multi-antenna multi-user TDD communication system according to claim 2, wherein the base station detects the pilot signal sent by the terminal in the uplink data time slot, and acquires the center frequency of a sub-channel of the terminal according to the pilot signal, and the specific acquiring method is as follows: the base station performs J point Fourier transform (FFT) on the pilot signals received by all antennas and records the FFT result of the ith antenna branch as vector Si, the absolute value of the FFT result of each antenna receipt is calculated and then squared, afterwards, the results of all antenna branches are added up as 7. The signal transmission method for a multi-antenna multi-user TDD communication system according to claim 6, wherein the method for the base station to perform channel estimation on the terminal is as follows:
according to the corresponding peak value position nk of the k th terminal in E, k=1, 2, . . . , K, k is a natural number, for the FFT results S1, S2, . . . SM of all antenna branches, the nk-th elements are taken and combined into a vector hk, which is the channel response of the terminal k to each antenna of the base station, 8. The signal transmission method for a multi-antenna multi-user TDD communication system according to claim 7, wherein in the receiving process that the base station performs beamforming to the terminal, the beamforming is performed by adopting any method of conjugation beamforming, zero forcing beamforming or minimum mean square error beamforming according to the channel response of the terminal. 9. The signal transmission method for a multi-antenna multi-user TDD communication system according to claim 8, wherein in each downlink data time slot, the base station transmits data packets to multiple terminals, each data packet is modulated by adopting a narrow-band single-carrier modulation manner, the occupied bandwidth is C and called as a sub-channel, the center frequency of the sub-channel is the center frequency of the sub-channel used by the terminal during the last uplink transmission, and the base station distinguishes the transmitted signals for multiple terminals by the center frequency of the sub-channel, and reduces the interference between the signals; and in each downlink data time slot, the data packet sent by the base station consists of a downlink synchronization sequence and an encoded data sequence, wherein the downlink synchronization sequence is a sequence with good autocorrelation characteristics, and modulated on the center frequency of the sub-channel of the corresponding terminal. 10. The signal transmission method for a multi-antenna multi-user TDD communication system according to claim 9, wherein in the downlink data time slot, the base station uses a beamforming method to distinguish the transmitted signals sent to multiple terminals so as to reduce the interference between the signals. | Disclosed in the present invention is a signal transmission method for a multi-antenna multi-user TDD communication system. Each frame of the TDD communication system includes one forward downlink frame synchronization signal, multiple downlink data time slots, and multiple uplink data time slots; the downlink frame synchronization signal is a broadcast signal, the base station sends the downlink frame synchronization signal to all terminals, and after each terminal receives the downlink frame synchronization signal, time and frequency synchronization is performed with reference to the base station to acquire the start time and end time of each uplink data time slot. The synchronization signal received power P is evaluated and compared with the synchronization signal received power range of all uplink data time slots in the frame, and all terminals falling into the synchronization signal received power range of the uplink data time slot k select the uplink data time slot k to send data.1. A signal transmission method for a multi-antenna multi-user time division duplex (TDD) communication system, wherein each frame of the TDD communication system comprises one forward downlink frame synchronization signal, multiple downlink data time slots, and multiple uplink data time slots;
the downlink frame synchronization signal is a broadcast signal, a base station sends the downlink frame synchronization signal to all terminals, after each terminal receives the downlink frame synchronization signal, time and frequency synchronization is performed with reference to the base station, a synchronization signal received power P is evaluated simultaneously; by time synchronization, each terminal acquires the start and end time of each uplink data time slot, afterwards, according to the evaluated synchronization signal received power P, each terminal selects one uplink data time slot k to send data, wherein k is a natural number, and the specific selecting method is as follows: a lower limit for the synchronization signal received power is defined for each uplink data time slot in the frame, and the lower limit for the synchronization signal received power of the uplink data time slot k is represented by Γk; in the case that Γk increases as k increases, slot k is selected if Γk≤P≤Γk+1; in the case that Γk decreases as k increases, if P≥Γ1, the uplink data time slot 1 is selected to send data, and if P<Γ1, and slot k is selected if Γk≤P<Γk−1; wherein the above Γk is a predetermined constant number for each uplink data time slot in the frame, and Γk is acquired by statistics and optimization by simulation or actual measurement. 2. The signal transmission method for a multi-antenna multi-user TDD communication system according to claim 1, wherein in each uplink data time slot, multiple terminals transmit data packets to the base station, and each data packet is modulated by adopting a narrow-band single-carrier modulation manner; and the format in which the terminal transmits the data in the uplink data time slot is a pilot signal plus an uplink synchronization sequence plus an encoded data sequence, wherein the pilot signal is a single frequency signal and the uplink synchronization sequence is a sequence with good autocorrelation characteristics. 3. The signal transmission method for a multi-antenna multi-user TDD communication system according to claim 2, wherein the uplink synchronization sequence and the encoded data sequence are both modulated by any method of MSK, GMSK, OQPSK, and π/2-BPSK. 4. The signal transmission method for a multi-antenna multi-user TDD communication system according to claim 1, wherein the data packets transmitted between the base station and the terminals in the uplink data time slots and the downlink data time slots are both modulated by adopting a narrow-band single-carrier modulation manner, and the terminal randomly selects a center frequency to transmit uplink data, and receives the downlink data of the base station on the same center frequency. 5. The signal transmission method for a multi-antenna multi-user TDD communication system according to claim 1, wherein the downlink frame synchronization signal is a LoRa signal. 6. The signal transmission method for a multi-antenna multi-user TDD communication system according to claim 2, wherein the base station detects the pilot signal sent by the terminal in the uplink data time slot, and acquires the center frequency of a sub-channel of the terminal according to the pilot signal, and the specific acquiring method is as follows: the base station performs J point Fourier transform (FFT) on the pilot signals received by all antennas and records the FFT result of the ith antenna branch as vector Si, the absolute value of the FFT result of each antenna receipt is calculated and then squared, afterwards, the results of all antenna branches are added up as 7. The signal transmission method for a multi-antenna multi-user TDD communication system according to claim 6, wherein the method for the base station to perform channel estimation on the terminal is as follows:
according to the corresponding peak value position nk of the k th terminal in E, k=1, 2, . . . , K, k is a natural number, for the FFT results S1, S2, . . . SM of all antenna branches, the nk-th elements are taken and combined into a vector hk, which is the channel response of the terminal k to each antenna of the base station, 8. The signal transmission method for a multi-antenna multi-user TDD communication system according to claim 7, wherein in the receiving process that the base station performs beamforming to the terminal, the beamforming is performed by adopting any method of conjugation beamforming, zero forcing beamforming or minimum mean square error beamforming according to the channel response of the terminal. 9. The signal transmission method for a multi-antenna multi-user TDD communication system according to claim 8, wherein in each downlink data time slot, the base station transmits data packets to multiple terminals, each data packet is modulated by adopting a narrow-band single-carrier modulation manner, the occupied bandwidth is C and called as a sub-channel, the center frequency of the sub-channel is the center frequency of the sub-channel used by the terminal during the last uplink transmission, and the base station distinguishes the transmitted signals for multiple terminals by the center frequency of the sub-channel, and reduces the interference between the signals; and in each downlink data time slot, the data packet sent by the base station consists of a downlink synchronization sequence and an encoded data sequence, wherein the downlink synchronization sequence is a sequence with good autocorrelation characteristics, and modulated on the center frequency of the sub-channel of the corresponding terminal. 10. The signal transmission method for a multi-antenna multi-user TDD communication system according to claim 9, wherein in the downlink data time slot, the base station uses a beamforming method to distinguish the transmitted signals sent to multiple terminals so as to reduce the interference between the signals. | 2,600 |
349,280 | 350,154 | 16,757,937 | 2,692 | A medical system comprising: a robotic arm, a control unit configured to issue a control signal, a medical device intended to penetrate an anatomical structure, the medical device being configured to emit a warning signal which varies as a function of a variable electrical characteristic of the anatomical structure, said medical device comprising a body with first and second electrodes, an electric generator suitable for applying at least one measurement electric current between the first and second electrodes, and a processing device suitable for determining a measurement parameter related to the electrical characteristic, based on said at least one measurement electric current, and for emitting the warning signal corresponding to the measurement parameter, wherein the control unit is configured to issue the control signal as a function of the warning signal. | 1. A medical system comprising:
a robotic arm comprising a base and an effector, the robotic arm being configured to allow movement of the effector relative to the base, a control unit connected to the robotic arm and configured to issue a control signal which controls the movement of the effector relative to the base, a medical device intended to penetrate an anatomical structure, the anatomical structure comprising different mediums and having an electrical characteristic which varies as a function of the capacities of the mediums to conduct electric current, the medical device comprising a body suitable for penetrating the anatomical structure, the medical device being configured to emit a warning signal which varies as a function of the electrical characteristic when the body is moved within the anatomical structure, the medical device being connected to the control unit, wherein the body of the medical device extends between a distal end intended to come into contact with the anatomical structure and a proximal end opposite to the distal end, and has an external surface, the body comprising: at least one first electrode comprising a first contact surface arranged on the external surface of the body, at the distal end, so as to come into contact with the anatomical structure, at least one second electrode comprising a second contact surface arranged on the external surface of the body, at the distal end, so as to come into contact with the anatomical structure at distance from the first contact surface, wherein the medical device further comprises: an electric generator connected to the first and second electrodes and suitable for applying at least one measurement electric current between the first and second contact surfaces, a processing device connected to the electric generator and to the first and second electrodes and suitable for determining a measurement parameter related to the electrical characteristic, based on said at least one measurement electric current, and for emitting the warning signal corresponding to the measurement parameter, wherein the control unit is configured to issue the control signal as a function of the warning signal. 2. The medical system according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of predefined signatures is saved in the control unit, each signature comprising a reference warning signal resulting from a variation in the measurement parameter during penetration of the body of the medical device into a reference anatomical structure, the control signal comprising a plurality of sets of movement parameters, each set of movement parameters being associated with one of the signatures, the control unit being configured for:
during penetration of the body of the medical device into the anatomical structure, continuously saving the measurement parameter and comparing the variation of the measurement parameter to the signatures, and if the variation of the measurement parameter corresponds to one of the signatures, issuing the control signal with the set of movement parameters associated with the signature. 3. The medical system according to claim 2, further comprising at least one among:
a force measurement device connected to the control unit and configured to emit a force signal corresponding to a force exerted on the body of the medical device, a depth detection device connected to the control unit and configured to emit a depth signal corresponding to a depth to which the body of the medical device has penetrated the anatomical structure, the control unit being configured to issue the control signal as a function of at least one among the force signal and the depth signal, in which said medical system, each signature further comprising at least one among: a reference force signal resulting from a variation in a force parameter related to the force exerted on the body of the medical device during penetration of the body of the medical device into the reference anatomical structure, a reference depth signal resulting from a variation in a depth parameter related to the depth to which the body of the medical device has penetrated the reference anatomical structure. 4. The medical system according to claim 3, wherein the force measurement device is configured to emit the force signal corresponding to a torque exerted on the body of the medical device, the reference force signal resulting from a variation in the force parameter related to the torque exerted on the body of the medical device during penetration of the body of the medical device into the reference anatomical structure. 5. The medical system according to claims 1, wherein the body of the medical device extends along a penetration direction and wherein the control signal comprises instructions:
enabling movement of the body of the medical device in an advancement direction along the penetration direction relative to the anatomical structure, as long as the warning signal has not reached a critical threshold, modifying the movement of the body of the medical device when the warning signal reaches the critical threshold. 6. The medical system according to claim 5, wherein the body of the medical device is mounted on the effector of the robotic arm and the control signal comprises instructions for moving the effector in the advancement direction as long as the warning signal has not reached the critical threshold. 7. The medical system according to claim 5, suitable for enabling movement of the body of the medical device by an external action exerted on the medical device, wherein the effector of the robotic arm includes a stop member and the control signal comprises instructions for bringing the stop member of the effector into contact with the medical device when the warning signal reaches the critical threshold. 8. The medical system according to claim 5, wherein the effector of the robotic arm comprises a duct suitable for receiving the body of the medical device. 9. The medical system according to claim 8 when dependent on claim 6, wherein the effector of the robotic arm comprises a support that is movable relative to the duct and the body of the medical device is mounted on the support, the control signal comprising instructions for moving the support relative to the duct. 10. The medical system according to claims 5 when dependent on claim 3, wherein each signature comprises at least one critical threshold. 11. The medical system according to claim 5 when dependent on claim 3, wherein the control signal comprises instructions;
enabling movement of the body of the medical device in the advancement direction as long as the force signal has not reached a force threshold,
modifying the movement of the body of the medical device when the force signal reaches the force threshold. 12. The medical system according to claim 11, wherein each signature comprises at least one force threshold. 13. The medical system according to claims 5 when dependent on claim 3, wherein the control signal comprises instructions:
enabling movement of the body of the medical device in the advancement direction as long as the depth signal has not reached a depth threshold,
modifying the movement of the body of the medical device when the depth signal reaches the depth threshold. 14. The medical system according to claim 13, wherein each signature comprises at least one depth threshold. 15. The medical system according to claim 1, wherein the body of the medical device has a longitudinal axis and the medical device further comprises a drive device configured to drive the body in rotation about the longitudinal axis, the control signal comprising instructions:
enabling rotation of the body in a first direction of rotation at a drive speed, as long as the warning signal has not reached a critical threshold, modifying the rotation of the body when the warning signal reaches the critical threshold. 16. The medical system according to claim 2, wherein the body of the medical device has a longitudinal axis and the medical device further comprises a drive device configured to drive the body in rotation about the longitudinal axis, the control signal comprising instructions:
enabling rotation of the body in a first direction of rotation at a drive speed, as long as the warning signal has not reached a critical threshold, modifying the rotation of the body when the warning signal reaches the critical threshold, and wherein each signature comprises at least one drive speed. | A medical system comprising: a robotic arm, a control unit configured to issue a control signal, a medical device intended to penetrate an anatomical structure, the medical device being configured to emit a warning signal which varies as a function of a variable electrical characteristic of the anatomical structure, said medical device comprising a body with first and second electrodes, an electric generator suitable for applying at least one measurement electric current between the first and second electrodes, and a processing device suitable for determining a measurement parameter related to the electrical characteristic, based on said at least one measurement electric current, and for emitting the warning signal corresponding to the measurement parameter, wherein the control unit is configured to issue the control signal as a function of the warning signal.1. A medical system comprising:
a robotic arm comprising a base and an effector, the robotic arm being configured to allow movement of the effector relative to the base, a control unit connected to the robotic arm and configured to issue a control signal which controls the movement of the effector relative to the base, a medical device intended to penetrate an anatomical structure, the anatomical structure comprising different mediums and having an electrical characteristic which varies as a function of the capacities of the mediums to conduct electric current, the medical device comprising a body suitable for penetrating the anatomical structure, the medical device being configured to emit a warning signal which varies as a function of the electrical characteristic when the body is moved within the anatomical structure, the medical device being connected to the control unit, wherein the body of the medical device extends between a distal end intended to come into contact with the anatomical structure and a proximal end opposite to the distal end, and has an external surface, the body comprising: at least one first electrode comprising a first contact surface arranged on the external surface of the body, at the distal end, so as to come into contact with the anatomical structure, at least one second electrode comprising a second contact surface arranged on the external surface of the body, at the distal end, so as to come into contact with the anatomical structure at distance from the first contact surface, wherein the medical device further comprises: an electric generator connected to the first and second electrodes and suitable for applying at least one measurement electric current between the first and second contact surfaces, a processing device connected to the electric generator and to the first and second electrodes and suitable for determining a measurement parameter related to the electrical characteristic, based on said at least one measurement electric current, and for emitting the warning signal corresponding to the measurement parameter, wherein the control unit is configured to issue the control signal as a function of the warning signal. 2. The medical system according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of predefined signatures is saved in the control unit, each signature comprising a reference warning signal resulting from a variation in the measurement parameter during penetration of the body of the medical device into a reference anatomical structure, the control signal comprising a plurality of sets of movement parameters, each set of movement parameters being associated with one of the signatures, the control unit being configured for:
during penetration of the body of the medical device into the anatomical structure, continuously saving the measurement parameter and comparing the variation of the measurement parameter to the signatures, and if the variation of the measurement parameter corresponds to one of the signatures, issuing the control signal with the set of movement parameters associated with the signature. 3. The medical system according to claim 2, further comprising at least one among:
a force measurement device connected to the control unit and configured to emit a force signal corresponding to a force exerted on the body of the medical device, a depth detection device connected to the control unit and configured to emit a depth signal corresponding to a depth to which the body of the medical device has penetrated the anatomical structure, the control unit being configured to issue the control signal as a function of at least one among the force signal and the depth signal, in which said medical system, each signature further comprising at least one among: a reference force signal resulting from a variation in a force parameter related to the force exerted on the body of the medical device during penetration of the body of the medical device into the reference anatomical structure, a reference depth signal resulting from a variation in a depth parameter related to the depth to which the body of the medical device has penetrated the reference anatomical structure. 4. The medical system according to claim 3, wherein the force measurement device is configured to emit the force signal corresponding to a torque exerted on the body of the medical device, the reference force signal resulting from a variation in the force parameter related to the torque exerted on the body of the medical device during penetration of the body of the medical device into the reference anatomical structure. 5. The medical system according to claims 1, wherein the body of the medical device extends along a penetration direction and wherein the control signal comprises instructions:
enabling movement of the body of the medical device in an advancement direction along the penetration direction relative to the anatomical structure, as long as the warning signal has not reached a critical threshold, modifying the movement of the body of the medical device when the warning signal reaches the critical threshold. 6. The medical system according to claim 5, wherein the body of the medical device is mounted on the effector of the robotic arm and the control signal comprises instructions for moving the effector in the advancement direction as long as the warning signal has not reached the critical threshold. 7. The medical system according to claim 5, suitable for enabling movement of the body of the medical device by an external action exerted on the medical device, wherein the effector of the robotic arm includes a stop member and the control signal comprises instructions for bringing the stop member of the effector into contact with the medical device when the warning signal reaches the critical threshold. 8. The medical system according to claim 5, wherein the effector of the robotic arm comprises a duct suitable for receiving the body of the medical device. 9. The medical system according to claim 8 when dependent on claim 6, wherein the effector of the robotic arm comprises a support that is movable relative to the duct and the body of the medical device is mounted on the support, the control signal comprising instructions for moving the support relative to the duct. 10. The medical system according to claims 5 when dependent on claim 3, wherein each signature comprises at least one critical threshold. 11. The medical system according to claim 5 when dependent on claim 3, wherein the control signal comprises instructions;
enabling movement of the body of the medical device in the advancement direction as long as the force signal has not reached a force threshold,
modifying the movement of the body of the medical device when the force signal reaches the force threshold. 12. The medical system according to claim 11, wherein each signature comprises at least one force threshold. 13. The medical system according to claims 5 when dependent on claim 3, wherein the control signal comprises instructions:
enabling movement of the body of the medical device in the advancement direction as long as the depth signal has not reached a depth threshold,
modifying the movement of the body of the medical device when the depth signal reaches the depth threshold. 14. The medical system according to claim 13, wherein each signature comprises at least one depth threshold. 15. The medical system according to claim 1, wherein the body of the medical device has a longitudinal axis and the medical device further comprises a drive device configured to drive the body in rotation about the longitudinal axis, the control signal comprising instructions:
enabling rotation of the body in a first direction of rotation at a drive speed, as long as the warning signal has not reached a critical threshold, modifying the rotation of the body when the warning signal reaches the critical threshold. 16. The medical system according to claim 2, wherein the body of the medical device has a longitudinal axis and the medical device further comprises a drive device configured to drive the body in rotation about the longitudinal axis, the control signal comprising instructions:
enabling rotation of the body in a first direction of rotation at a drive speed, as long as the warning signal has not reached a critical threshold, modifying the rotation of the body when the warning signal reaches the critical threshold, and wherein each signature comprises at least one drive speed. | 2,600 |
349,281 | 350,155 | 16,757,911 | 2,692 | The present technology relates to a transmission device, a transmission method, a reception device, and a reception method for securing good communication quality in data transmission using an LDPC code. | 1. A transmission device comprising:
an encoding unit configured to perform LDPC coding on a basis of a parity check matrix of an LDPC code with a code length N of 17280 bits and a coding rate r of 5/16, wherein the parity check matrix includes
an A matrix of M1 rows and K columns expressed by a predetermined value M1 and an information length K=N×r of the LDPC code, the A matrix being an upper left matrix of the parity check matrix,
a B matrix of M1 rows and M1 columns, the B matrix having a step structure adjacent to right of the A matrix,
a Z matrix of M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the Z matrix being a zero matrix adjacent to right of the B matrix,
a C matrix of N−K−M1 rows and K+M1 columns, the C matrix being adjacent to below the A matrix and the B matrix, and
a D matrix of N−K−M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the D matrix being an identity matrix adjacent to right of the C matrix,
the predetermined value M1 is 720, the A matrix and the C matrix are represented by a parity check matrix initial value table, and the parity check matrix initial value table is a table representing positions of elements of 1 of the A matrix and the C matrix for every 360 columns, and is 301 342 350 1797 7970 8230 10820 11305 139 530 615 1566 6290 6425 9185 9466 48 419 444 1773 3213 4793 8594 10480 246 455 531 3011 5845 7383 8393 10709 39 262 290 3282 5208 9539 10955 11204 234 267 623 1033 1537 8766 11527 11557 494 661 671 1123 4497 6601 6715 10473 164 425 436 3259 4505 5614 8192 10221 326 377 477 7699 10162 11174 11878 206 360 557 891 930 1847 2427 3888 4491 6494 6911 8084 8945 9549 402 588 657 888 3271 4858 5257 6398 6631 6972 9678 11140 11159 11398 39 111 168 1192 1879 3121 3127 5987 8385 8488 9302 9884 10891 11879 639 640 693 1477 1790 2442 3388 3547 4622 6890 7315 7478 7905 11518 337 544 604 1184 1238 1334 2434 5239 6832 7770 9123 9397 9646 10254 32 77 604 762 1428 2756 2758 6854 7193 7311 7517 9105 10765 11173 910 1918 2342 3280 3362 3913 4586 6316 7693 8878 10922 11145 11863 790 1177 1386 1961 2437 3571 5179 5961 8222 9195 9569 10414 11498. 2. A transmission method comprising:
an encoding step of performing LDPC coding on a basis of a parity check matrix of an LDPC code with a code length N of 17280 bits and a coding rate r of 5/16, wherein the parity check matrix includes
an A matrix of M1 rows and K columns expressed by a predetermined value M1 and an information length K=N×r of the LDPC code, the A matrix being an upper left matrix of the parity check matrix,
a B matrix of M1 rows and M1 columns, the B matrix having a step structure adjacent to right of the A matrix,
a Z matrix of M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the Z matrix being a zero matrix adjacent to right of the B matrix,
a C matrix of N−K−M1 rows and K+M1 columns, the C matrix being adjacent to below the A matrix and the B matrix, and
a D matrix of N−K−M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the D matrix being an identity matrix adjacent to right of the C matrix,
the predetermined value M1 is 720, the A matrix and the C matrix are represented by a parity check matrix initial value table, and the parity check matrix initial value table is a table representing positions of elements of 1 of the A matrix and the C matrix for every 360 columns, and is 301 342 350 1797 7970 8230 10820 11305 139 530 615 1566 6290 6425 9185 9466 48 419 444 1773 3213 4793 8594 10480 246 455 531 3011 5845 7383 8393 10709 39 262 290 3282 5208 9539 10955 11204 234 267 623 1033 1537 8766 11527 11557 494 661 671 1123 4497 6601 6715 10473 164 425 436 3259 4505 5614 8192 10221 326 377 477 7699 10162 11174 11878 206 360 557 891 930 1847 2427 3888 4491 6494 6911 8084 8945 9549 402 588 657 888 3271 4858 5257 6398 6631 6972 9678 11140 11159 11398 39 111 168 1192 1879 3121 3127 5987 8385 8488 9302 9884 10891 11879 639 640 693 1477 1790 2442 3388 3547 4622 6890 7315 7478 7905 11518 337 544 604 1184 1238 1334 2434 5239 6832 7770 9123 9397 9646 10254 32 77 604 762 1428 2756 2758 6854 7193 7311 7517 9105 10765 11173 910 1918 2342 3280 3362 3913 4586 6316 7693 8878 10922 11145 11863 790 1177 1386 1961 2437 3571 5179 5961 8222 9195 9569 10414 11498. 3. A reception device comprising:
a decoding unit configured to decode an LDPC code with a code length N of 17280 bits and a coding rate r of 5/16, the LDPC code being obtained from data transmitted by a transmission method including an encoding step of performing LDPC coding on a basis of a parity check matrix of the LDPC code, wherein the parity check matrix includes
an A matrix of M1 rows and K columns expressed by a predetermined value M1 and an information length K=N×r of the LDPC code, the A matrix being an upper left matrix of the parity check matrix,
a B matrix of M1 rows and M1 columns, the B matrix having a step structure adjacent to right of the A matrix,
a Z matrix of M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the Z matrix being a zero matrix adjacent to right of the B matrix,
a C matrix of N−K−M1 rows and K+M1 columns, the C matrix being adjacent to below the A matrix and the B matrix, and
a D matrix of N−K−M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the D matrix being an identity matrix adjacent to right of the C matrix,
the predetermined value M1 is 720, the A matrix and the C matrix are represented by a parity check matrix initial value table, and the parity check matrix initial value table is a table representing positions of elements of 1 of the A matrix and the C matrix for every 360 columns, and is 301 342 350 1797 7970 8230 10820 11305 139 530 615 1566 6290 6425 9185 9466 48 419 444 1773 3213 4793 8594 10480 246 455 531 3011 5845 7383 8393 10709 39 262 290 3282 5208 9539 10955 11204 234 267 623 1033 1537 8766 11527 11557 494 661 671 1123 4497 6601 6715 10473 164 425 436 3259 4505 5614 8192 10221 326 377 477 7699 10162 11174 11878 206 360 557 891 930 1847 2427 3888 4491 6494 6911 8084 8945 9549 402 588 657 888 3271 4858 5257 6398 6631 6972 9678 11140 11159 11398 39 111 168 1192 1879 3121 3127 5987 8385 8488 9302 9884 10891 11879 639 640 693 1477 1790 2442 3388 3547 4622 6890 7315 7478 7905 11518 337 544 604 1184 1238 1334 2434 5239 6832 7770 9123 9397 9646 10254 32 77 604 762 1428 2756 2758 6854 7193 7311 7517 9105 10765 11173 910 1918 2342 3280 3362 3913 4586 6316 7693 8878 10922 11145 11863 790 1177 1386 1961 2437 3571 5179 5961 8222 9195 9569 10414 11498. 4. A reception method comprising:
a decoding step of decoding an LDPC code with a code length N of 17280 bits and a coding rate r of 5/16, the LDPC code being obtained from data transmitted by a transmission method including an encoding step of performing LDPC coding on a basis of a parity check matrix of the LDPC code, wherein the parity check matrix includes
an A matrix of M1 rows and K columns expressed by a predetermined value M1 and an information length K=N×r of the LDPC code, the A matrix being an upper left matrix of the parity check matrix,
a B matrix of M1 rows and M1 columns, the B matrix having a step structure adjacent to right of the A matrix,
a Z matrix of M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the Z matrix being a zero matrix adjacent to right of the B matrix,
a C matrix of N−K−M1 rows and K+M1 columns, the C matrix being adjacent to below the A matrix and the B matrix, and
a D matrix of N−K−M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the D matrix being an identity matrix adjacent to right of the C matrix,
the predetermined value M1 is 720, the A matrix and the C matrix are represented by a parity check matrix initial value table, and the parity check matrix initial value table is a table representing positions of elements of 1 of the A matrix and the C matrix for every 360 columns, and is 301 342 350 1797 7970 8230 10820 11305 139 530 615 1566 6290 6425 9185 9466 48 419 444 1773 3213 4793 8594 10480 246 455 531 3011 5845 7383 8393 10709 39 262 290 3282 5208 9539 10955 11204 234 267 623 1033 1537 8766 11527 11557 494 661 671 1123 4497 6601 6715 10473 164 425 436 3259 4505 5614 8192 10221 326 377 477 7699 10162 11174 11878 206 360 557 891 930 1847 2427 3888 4491 6494 6911 8084 8945 9549 402 588 657 888 3271 4858 5257 6398 6631 6972 9678 11140 11159 11398 39 111 168 1192 1879 3121 3127 5987 8385 8488 9302 9884 10891 11879 639 640 693 1477 1790 2442 3388 3547 4622 6890 7315 7478 7905 11518 337 544 604 1184 1238 1334 2434 5239 6832 7770 9123 9397 9646 10254 32 77 604 762 1428 2756 2758 6854 7193 7311 7517 9105 10765 11173 910 1918 2342 3280 3362 3913 4586 6316 7693 8878 10922 11145 11863 790 1177 1386 1961 2437 3571 5179 5961 8222 9195 9569 10414 11498. 5. A transmission device comprising:
an encoding unit configured to perform LDPC coding on a basis of a parity check matrix of an LDPC code with a code length N of 17280 bits and a coding rate r of 6/16, wherein the parity check matrix includes
an A matrix of M1 rows and K columns expressed by a predetermined value M1 and an information length K=N×r of the LDPC code, the A matrix being an upper left matrix of the parity check matrix,
a B matrix of M1 rows and M1 columns, the B matrix having a step structure adjacent to right of the A matrix,
a Z matrix of M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the Z matrix being a zero matrix adjacent to right of the B matrix,
a C matrix of N−K−M1 rows and K+M1 columns, the C matrix being adjacent to below the A matrix and the B matrix, and
a D matrix of N−K−M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the D matrix being an identity matrix adjacent to right of the C matrix,
the predetermined value M1 is 720, the A matrix and the C matrix are represented by a parity check matrix initial value table, and the parity check matrix initial value table is a table representing positions of elements of 1 of the A matrix and the C matrix for every 360 columns, and is 416 437 444 1657 2662 4109 4405 6308 8251 75 498 687 3903 4582 7035 7650 7871 10382 394 419 474 3515 6708 7277 8703 9969 10489 167 289 612 1847 5277 5900 8326 8508 9462 196 439 620 2128 2375 2501 6902 9308 9552 154 495 623 5024 6241 8364 9996 10104 10346 230 329 661 879 1474 3222 4109 8079 8865 97 172 692 1018 1629 1752 3170 5930 359 377 712 6273 7131 7278 8292 10457 368 551 708 787 2891 6140 7195 9555 44 512 655 2196 6692 7975 8410 10727 27 94 611 5585 7258 8091 9867 10714 608 639 691 3560 6819 7492 7754 7916 46 115 214 2175 5986 7177 8589 10757 282 589 604 969 1856 2433 5742 8900 243 262 669 1330 1366 3339 5517 7517 62 392 651 4175 8349 8557 9192 10015 206 375 697 1449 2015 2390 3926 4428 5084 5236 5872 8486 9398 9997 10469 1079 1384 1664 2936 4618 5359 5455 5537 5726 5875 8044 8521 9746 791 1106 1497 1885 2682 3473 3716 4506 5671 5829 8388 8641 9454. 6. A transmission method comprising:
an encoding step of performing LDPC coding on a basis of a parity check matrix of an LDPC code with a code length N of 17280 bits and a coding rate r of 6/16, wherein the parity check matrix includes
an A matrix of M1 rows and K columns expressed by a predetermined value M1 and an information length K=N×r of the LDPC code, the A matrix being an upper left matrix of the parity check matrix,
a B matrix of M1 rows and M1 columns, the B matrix having a step structure adjacent to right of the A matrix,
a Z matrix of M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the Z matrix being a zero matrix adjacent to right of the B matrix,
a C matrix of N−K−M1 rows and K+M1 columns, the C matrix being adjacent to below the A matrix and the B matrix, and
a D matrix of N−K−M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the D matrix being an identity matrix adjacent to right of the C matrix,
the predetermined value M1 is 720, the A matrix and the C matrix are represented by a parity check matrix initial value table, and the parity check matrix initial value table is a table representing positions of elements of 1 of the A matrix and the C matrix for every 360 columns, and is 416 437 444 1657 2662 4109 4405 6308 8251 75 498 687 3903 4582 7035 7650 7871 10382 394 419 474 3515 6708 7277 8703 9969 10489 167 289 612 1847 5277 5900 8326 8508 9462 196 439 620 2128 2375 2501 6902 9308 9552 154 495 623 5024 6241 8364 9996 10104 10346 230 329 661 879 1474 3222 4109 8079 8865 97 172 692 1018 1629 1752 3170 5930 359 377 712 6273 7131 7278 8292 10457 368 551 708 787 2891 6140 7195 9555 44 512 655 2196 6692 7975 8410 10727 27 94 611 5585 7258 8091 9867 10714 608 639 691 3560 6819 7492 7754 7916 46 115 214 2175 5986 7177 8589 10757 282 589 604 969 1856 2433 5742 8900 243 262 669 1330 1366 3339 5517 7517 62 392 651 4175 8349 8557 9192 10015 206 375 697 1449 2015 2390 3926 4428 5084 5236 5872 8486 9398 9997 10469 1079 1384 1664 2936 4618 5359 5455 5537 5726 5875 8044 8521 9746 791 1106 1497 1885 2682 3473 3716 4506 5671 5829 8388 8641 9454. 7. A reception device comprising:
a decoding unit configured to decode an LDPC code with a code length N of 17280 bits and a coding rate r of 6/16, the LDPC code being obtained from data transmitted by a transmission method including an encoding step of performing LDPC coding on a basis of a parity check matrix of the LDPC code, wherein the parity check matrix includes
an A matrix of M1 rows and K columns expressed by a predetermined value M1 and an information length K=N×r of the LDPC code, the A matrix being an upper left matrix of the parity check matrix,
a B matrix of M1 rows and M1 columns, the B matrix having a step structure adjacent to right of the A matrix,
a Z matrix of M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the Z matrix being a zero matrix adjacent to right of the B matrix,
a C matrix of N−K−M1 rows and K+M1 columns, the C matrix being adjacent to below the A matrix and the B matrix, and
a D matrix of N−K−M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the D matrix being an identity matrix adjacent to right of the C matrix,
the predetermined value M1 is 720, the A matrix and the C matrix are represented by a parity check matrix initial value table, and the parity check matrix initial value table is a table representing positions of elements of 1 of the A matrix and the C matrix for every 360 columns, and is 416 437 444 1657 2662 4109 4405 6308 8251 75 498 687 3903 4582 7035 7650 7871 10382 394 419 474 3515 6708 7277 8703 9969 10489 167 289 612 1847 5277 5900 8326 8508 9462 196 439 620 2128 2375 2501 6902 9308 9552 154 495 623 5024 6241 8364 9996 10104 10346 230 329 661 879 1474 3222 4109 8079 8865 97 172 692 1018 1629 1752 3170 5930 359 377 712 6273 7131 7278 8292 10457 368 551 708 787 2891 6140 7195 9555 44 512 655 2196 6692 7975 8410 10727 27 94 611 5585 7258 8091 9867 10714 608 639 691 3560 6819 7492 7754 7916 46 115 214 2175 5986 7177 8589 10757 282 589 604 969 1856 2433 5742 8900 243 262 669 1330 1366 3339 5517 7517 62 392 651 4175 8349 8557 9192 10015 206 375 697 1449 2015 2390 3926 4428 5084 5236 5872 8486 9398 9997 10469 1079 1384 1664 2936 4618 5359 5455 5537 5726 5875 8044 8521 9746 791 1106 1497 1885 2682 3473 3716 4506 5671 5829 8388 8641 9454. 8. A reception method comprising:
a decoding step of decoding an LDPC code with a code length N of 17280 bits and a coding rate r of 6/16, the LDPC code being obtained from data transmitted by a transmission method including an encoding step of performing LDPC coding on a basis of a parity check matrix of the LDPC code, wherein the parity check matrix includes
an A matrix of M1 rows and K columns expressed by a predetermined value M1 and an information length K=N×r of the LDPC code, the A matrix being an upper left matrix of the parity check matrix,
a B matrix of M1 rows and M1 columns, the B matrix having a step structure adjacent to right of the A matrix,
a Z matrix of M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the Z matrix being a zero matrix adjacent to right of the B matrix,
a C matrix of N−K−M1 rows and K+M1 columns, the C matrix being adjacent to below the A matrix and the B matrix, and
a D matrix of N−K−M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the D matrix being an identity matrix adjacent to right of the C matrix,
the predetermined value M1 is 720, the A matrix and the C matrix are represented by a parity check matrix initial value table, and the parity check matrix initial value table is a table representing positions of elements of 1 of the A matrix and the C matrix for every 360 columns, and is 416 437 444 1657 2662 4109 4405 6308 8251 75 498 687 3903 4582 7035 7650 7871 10382 394 419 474 3515 6708 7277 8703 9969 10489 167 289 612 1847 5277 5900 8326 8508 9462 196 439 620 2128 2375 2501 6902 9308 9552 154 495 623 5024 6241 8364 9996 10104 10346 230 329 661 879 1474 3222 4109 8079 8865 97 172 692 1018 1629 1752 3170 5930 359 377 712 6273 7131 7278 8292 10457 368 551 708 787 2891 6140 7195 9555 44 512 655 2196 6692 7975 8410 10727 27 94 611 5585 7258 8091 9867 10714 608 639 691 3560 6819 7492 7754 7916 46 115 214 2175 5986 7177 8589 10757 282 589 604 969 1856 2433 5742 8900 243 262 669 1330 1366 3339 5517 7517 62 392 651 4175 8349 8557 9192 10015 206 375 697 1449 2015 2390 3926 4428 5084 5236 5872 8486 9398 9997 10469 1079 1384 1664 2936 4618 5359 5455 5537 5726 5875 8044 8521 9746 791 1106 1497 1885 2682 3473 3716 4506 5671 5829 8388 8641 9454. 9. A transmission device comprising:
an encoding unit configured to perform LDPC coding on a basis of a parity check matrix of an LDPC code with a code length N of 17280 bits and a coding rate r of 7/16, wherein the parity check matrix includes
an A matrix of M1 rows and K columns expressed by a predetermined value M1 and an information length K=N×r of the LDPC code, the A matrix being an upper left matrix of the parity check matrix,
a B matrix of M1 rows and M1 columns, the B matrix having a step structure adjacent to right of the A matrix,
a Z matrix of M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the Z matrix being a zero matrix adjacent to right of the B matrix,
a C matrix of N−K−M1 rows and K+M1 columns, the C matrix being adjacent to below the A matrix and the B matrix, and
a D matrix of N−K−M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the D matrix being an identity matrix adjacent to right of the C matrix,
the predetermined value M1 is 1080, the A matrix and the C matrix are represented by a parity check matrix initial value table, and the parity check matrix initial value table is a table representing positions of elements of 1 of the A matrix and the C matrix for every 360 columns, and is 512 531 598 3235 3447 5630 5765 6208 7026 9012 88 486 926 1714 5140 5725 6006 6506 7619 8191 200 447 460 1088 2612 3297 4001 4275 4992 8638 106 434 618 5357 5713 9045 9335 9429 9696 23 192 661 1220 2962 3867 5783 6410 6790 311 744 934 1267 1428 1959 2462 2865 5461 69 494 991 1278 4441 5620 5705 5936 8872 297 637 1031 2346 2946 4519 7235 7264 9243 330 599 790 3674 5457 6535 6660 7398 8110 263 630 826 1978 3384 4259 5159 5588 5885 196 648 983 1529 1821 2312 2428 7249 7359 59 774 1036 1427 2005 5811 6998 7987 8222 454 474 986 1633 4040 6880 7786 8518 9039 433 443 849 2517 3617 5477 6294 7914 9456 175 242 906 2924 3412 4063 7737 9084 9338 385 624 1004 3218 5225 6479 7684 7933 8875 233 622 807 2302 3315 3898 4079 7109 9201 3 877 1070 1331 2607 3552 4672 7549 8083 247 753 806 12 242 598 221 561 643 1135 1424 2228 9426 4998 5209 7742 8652 2042 5925 6236 9405. 10. A transmission method comprising:
an encoding step of performing LDPC coding on a basis of a parity check matrix of an LDPC code with a code length N of 17280 bits and a coding rate r of 7/16, wherein the parity check matrix includes
an A matrix of M1 rows and K columns expressed by a predetermined value M1 and an information length K=N×r of the LDPC code, the A matrix being an upper left matrix of the parity check matrix,
a B matrix of M1 rows and M1 columns, the B matrix having a step structure adjacent to right of the A matrix,
a Z matrix of M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the Z matrix being a zero matrix adjacent to right of the B matrix,
a C matrix of N−K−M1 rows and K+M1 columns, the C matrix being adjacent to below the A matrix and the B matrix, and
a D matrix of N−K−M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the D matrix being an identity matrix adjacent to right of the C matrix,
the predetermined value M1 is 1080, the A matrix and the C matrix are represented by a parity check matrix initial value table, and the parity check matrix initial value table is a table representing positions of elements of 1 of the A matrix and the C matrix for every 360 columns, and is 512 531 598 3235 3447 5630 5765 6208 7026 9012 88 486 926 1714 5140 5725 6006 6506 7619 8191 200 447 460 1088 2612 3297 4001 4275 4992 8638 106 434 618 5357 5713 9045 9335 9429 9696 23 192 661 1220 2962 3867 5783 6410 6790 311 744 934 1267 1428 1959 2462 2865 5461 69 494 991 1278 4441 5620 5705 5936 8872 297 637 1031 2346 2946 4519 7235 7264 9243 330 599 790 3674 5457 6535 6660 7398 8110 263 630 826 1978 3384 4259 5159 5588 5885 196 648 983 1529 1821 2312 2428 7249 7359 59 774 1036 1427 2005 5811 6998 7987 8222 454 474 986 1633 4040 6880 7786 8518 9039 433 443 849 2517 3617 5477 6294 7914 9456 175 242 906 2924 3412 4063 7737 9084 9338 385 624 1004 3218 5225 6479 7684 7933 8875 233 622 807 2302 3315 3898 4079 7109 9201 3 877 1070 1331 2607 3552 4672 7549 8083 247 753 806 12 242 598 221 561 643 1135 1424 2228 9426 4998 5209 7742 8652 2042 5925 6236 9405. 11. A reception device comprising:
a decoding unit configured to decode an LDPC code with a code length N of 17280 bits and a coding rate r of 7/16, the LDPC code being obtained from data transmitted by a transmission method including an encoding step of performing LDPC coding on a basis of a parity check matrix of the LDPC code, wherein the parity check matrix includes
an A matrix of M1 rows and K columns expressed by a predetermined value M1 and an information length K=N×r of the LDPC code, the A matrix being an upper left matrix of the parity check matrix,
a B matrix of M1 rows and M1 columns, the B matrix having a step structure adjacent to right of the A matrix,
a Z matrix of M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the Z matrix being a zero matrix adjacent to right of the B matrix,
a C matrix of N−K−M1 rows and K+M1 columns, the C matrix being adjacent to below the A matrix and the B matrix, and
a D matrix of N−K−M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the D matrix being an identity matrix adjacent to right of the C matrix,
the predetermined value M1 is 1080, the A matrix and the C matrix are represented by a parity check matrix initial value table, and the parity check matrix initial value table is a table representing positions of elements of 1 of the A matrix and the C matrix for every 360 columns, and is 512 531 598 3235 3447 5630 5765 6208 7026 9012 88 486 926 1714 5140 5725 6006 6506 7619 8191 200 447 460 1088 2612 3297 4001 4275 4992 8638 106 434 618 5357 5713 9045 9335 9429 9696 23 192 661 1220 2962 3867 5783 6410 6790 311 744 934 1267 1428 1959 2462 2865 5461 69 494 991 1278 4441 5620 5705 5936 8872 297 637 1031 2346 2946 4519 7235 7264 9243 330 599 790 3674 5457 6535 6660 7398 8110 263 630 826 1978 3384 4259 5159 5588 5885 196 648 983 1529 1821 2312 2428 7249 7359 59 774 1036 1427 2005 5811 6998 7987 8222 454 474 986 1633 4040 6880 7786 8518 9039 433 443 849 2517 3617 5477 6294 7914 9456 175 242 906 2924 3412 4063 7737 9084 9338 385 624 1004 3218 5225 6479 7684 7933 8875 233 622 807 2302 3315 3898 4079 7109 9201 3 877 1070 1331 2607 3552 4672 7549 8083 247 753 806 12 242 598 221 561 643 1135 1424 2228 9426 4998 5209 7742 8652 2042 5925 6236 9405. 12. A reception method comprising:
a decoding step of decoding an LDPC code with a code length N of 17280 bits and a coding rate r of 7/16, the LDPC code being obtained from data transmitted by a transmission method including an encoding step of performing LDPC coding on a basis of a parity check matrix of the LDPC code, wherein the parity check matrix includes
an A matrix of M1 rows and K columns expressed by a predetermined value M1 and an information length K=N×r of the LDPC code, the A matrix being an upper left matrix of the parity check matrix,
a B matrix of M1 rows and M1 columns, the B matrix having a step structure adjacent to right of the A matrix,
a Z matrix of M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the Z matrix being a zero matrix adjacent to right of the B matrix,
a C matrix of N−K−M1 rows and K+M1 columns, the C matrix being adjacent to below the A matrix and the B matrix, and
a D matrix of N−K−M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the D matrix being an identity matrix adjacent to right of the C matrix,
the predetermined value M1 is 1080, the A matrix and the C matrix are represented by a parity check matrix initial value table, and the parity check matrix initial value table is a table representing positions of elements of 1 of the A matrix and the C matrix for every 360 columns, and is 512 531 598 3235 3447 5630 5765 6208 7026 9012 88 486 926 1714 5140 5725 6006 6506 7619 8191 200 447 460 1088 2612 3297 4001 4275 4992 8638 106 434 618 5357 5713 9045 9335 9429 9696 23 192 661 1220 2962 3867 5783 6410 6790 311 744 934 1267 1428 1959 2462 2865 5461 69 494 991 1278 4441 5620 5705 5936 8872 297 637 1031 2346 2946 4519 7235 7264 9243 330 599 790 3674 5457 6535 6660 7398 8110 263 630 826 1978 3384 4259 5159 5588 5885 196 648 983 1529 1821 2312 2428 7249 7359 59 774 1036 1427 2005 5811 6998 7987 8222 454 474 986 1633 4040 6880 7786 8518 9039 433 443 849 2517 3617 5477 6294 7914 9456 175 242 906 2924 3412 4063 7737 9084 9338 385 624 1004 3218 5225 6479 7684 7933 8875 233 622 807 2302 3315 3898 4079 7109 9201 3 877 1070 1331 2607 3552 4672 7549 8083 247 753 806 12 242 598 221 561 643 1135 1424 2228 9426 4998 5209 7742 8652 2042 5925 6236 9405. | The present technology relates to a transmission device, a transmission method, a reception device, and a reception method for securing good communication quality in data transmission using an LDPC code.1. A transmission device comprising:
an encoding unit configured to perform LDPC coding on a basis of a parity check matrix of an LDPC code with a code length N of 17280 bits and a coding rate r of 5/16, wherein the parity check matrix includes
an A matrix of M1 rows and K columns expressed by a predetermined value M1 and an information length K=N×r of the LDPC code, the A matrix being an upper left matrix of the parity check matrix,
a B matrix of M1 rows and M1 columns, the B matrix having a step structure adjacent to right of the A matrix,
a Z matrix of M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the Z matrix being a zero matrix adjacent to right of the B matrix,
a C matrix of N−K−M1 rows and K+M1 columns, the C matrix being adjacent to below the A matrix and the B matrix, and
a D matrix of N−K−M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the D matrix being an identity matrix adjacent to right of the C matrix,
the predetermined value M1 is 720, the A matrix and the C matrix are represented by a parity check matrix initial value table, and the parity check matrix initial value table is a table representing positions of elements of 1 of the A matrix and the C matrix for every 360 columns, and is 301 342 350 1797 7970 8230 10820 11305 139 530 615 1566 6290 6425 9185 9466 48 419 444 1773 3213 4793 8594 10480 246 455 531 3011 5845 7383 8393 10709 39 262 290 3282 5208 9539 10955 11204 234 267 623 1033 1537 8766 11527 11557 494 661 671 1123 4497 6601 6715 10473 164 425 436 3259 4505 5614 8192 10221 326 377 477 7699 10162 11174 11878 206 360 557 891 930 1847 2427 3888 4491 6494 6911 8084 8945 9549 402 588 657 888 3271 4858 5257 6398 6631 6972 9678 11140 11159 11398 39 111 168 1192 1879 3121 3127 5987 8385 8488 9302 9884 10891 11879 639 640 693 1477 1790 2442 3388 3547 4622 6890 7315 7478 7905 11518 337 544 604 1184 1238 1334 2434 5239 6832 7770 9123 9397 9646 10254 32 77 604 762 1428 2756 2758 6854 7193 7311 7517 9105 10765 11173 910 1918 2342 3280 3362 3913 4586 6316 7693 8878 10922 11145 11863 790 1177 1386 1961 2437 3571 5179 5961 8222 9195 9569 10414 11498. 2. A transmission method comprising:
an encoding step of performing LDPC coding on a basis of a parity check matrix of an LDPC code with a code length N of 17280 bits and a coding rate r of 5/16, wherein the parity check matrix includes
an A matrix of M1 rows and K columns expressed by a predetermined value M1 and an information length K=N×r of the LDPC code, the A matrix being an upper left matrix of the parity check matrix,
a B matrix of M1 rows and M1 columns, the B matrix having a step structure adjacent to right of the A matrix,
a Z matrix of M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the Z matrix being a zero matrix adjacent to right of the B matrix,
a C matrix of N−K−M1 rows and K+M1 columns, the C matrix being adjacent to below the A matrix and the B matrix, and
a D matrix of N−K−M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the D matrix being an identity matrix adjacent to right of the C matrix,
the predetermined value M1 is 720, the A matrix and the C matrix are represented by a parity check matrix initial value table, and the parity check matrix initial value table is a table representing positions of elements of 1 of the A matrix and the C matrix for every 360 columns, and is 301 342 350 1797 7970 8230 10820 11305 139 530 615 1566 6290 6425 9185 9466 48 419 444 1773 3213 4793 8594 10480 246 455 531 3011 5845 7383 8393 10709 39 262 290 3282 5208 9539 10955 11204 234 267 623 1033 1537 8766 11527 11557 494 661 671 1123 4497 6601 6715 10473 164 425 436 3259 4505 5614 8192 10221 326 377 477 7699 10162 11174 11878 206 360 557 891 930 1847 2427 3888 4491 6494 6911 8084 8945 9549 402 588 657 888 3271 4858 5257 6398 6631 6972 9678 11140 11159 11398 39 111 168 1192 1879 3121 3127 5987 8385 8488 9302 9884 10891 11879 639 640 693 1477 1790 2442 3388 3547 4622 6890 7315 7478 7905 11518 337 544 604 1184 1238 1334 2434 5239 6832 7770 9123 9397 9646 10254 32 77 604 762 1428 2756 2758 6854 7193 7311 7517 9105 10765 11173 910 1918 2342 3280 3362 3913 4586 6316 7693 8878 10922 11145 11863 790 1177 1386 1961 2437 3571 5179 5961 8222 9195 9569 10414 11498. 3. A reception device comprising:
a decoding unit configured to decode an LDPC code with a code length N of 17280 bits and a coding rate r of 5/16, the LDPC code being obtained from data transmitted by a transmission method including an encoding step of performing LDPC coding on a basis of a parity check matrix of the LDPC code, wherein the parity check matrix includes
an A matrix of M1 rows and K columns expressed by a predetermined value M1 and an information length K=N×r of the LDPC code, the A matrix being an upper left matrix of the parity check matrix,
a B matrix of M1 rows and M1 columns, the B matrix having a step structure adjacent to right of the A matrix,
a Z matrix of M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the Z matrix being a zero matrix adjacent to right of the B matrix,
a C matrix of N−K−M1 rows and K+M1 columns, the C matrix being adjacent to below the A matrix and the B matrix, and
a D matrix of N−K−M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the D matrix being an identity matrix adjacent to right of the C matrix,
the predetermined value M1 is 720, the A matrix and the C matrix are represented by a parity check matrix initial value table, and the parity check matrix initial value table is a table representing positions of elements of 1 of the A matrix and the C matrix for every 360 columns, and is 301 342 350 1797 7970 8230 10820 11305 139 530 615 1566 6290 6425 9185 9466 48 419 444 1773 3213 4793 8594 10480 246 455 531 3011 5845 7383 8393 10709 39 262 290 3282 5208 9539 10955 11204 234 267 623 1033 1537 8766 11527 11557 494 661 671 1123 4497 6601 6715 10473 164 425 436 3259 4505 5614 8192 10221 326 377 477 7699 10162 11174 11878 206 360 557 891 930 1847 2427 3888 4491 6494 6911 8084 8945 9549 402 588 657 888 3271 4858 5257 6398 6631 6972 9678 11140 11159 11398 39 111 168 1192 1879 3121 3127 5987 8385 8488 9302 9884 10891 11879 639 640 693 1477 1790 2442 3388 3547 4622 6890 7315 7478 7905 11518 337 544 604 1184 1238 1334 2434 5239 6832 7770 9123 9397 9646 10254 32 77 604 762 1428 2756 2758 6854 7193 7311 7517 9105 10765 11173 910 1918 2342 3280 3362 3913 4586 6316 7693 8878 10922 11145 11863 790 1177 1386 1961 2437 3571 5179 5961 8222 9195 9569 10414 11498. 4. A reception method comprising:
a decoding step of decoding an LDPC code with a code length N of 17280 bits and a coding rate r of 5/16, the LDPC code being obtained from data transmitted by a transmission method including an encoding step of performing LDPC coding on a basis of a parity check matrix of the LDPC code, wherein the parity check matrix includes
an A matrix of M1 rows and K columns expressed by a predetermined value M1 and an information length K=N×r of the LDPC code, the A matrix being an upper left matrix of the parity check matrix,
a B matrix of M1 rows and M1 columns, the B matrix having a step structure adjacent to right of the A matrix,
a Z matrix of M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the Z matrix being a zero matrix adjacent to right of the B matrix,
a C matrix of N−K−M1 rows and K+M1 columns, the C matrix being adjacent to below the A matrix and the B matrix, and
a D matrix of N−K−M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the D matrix being an identity matrix adjacent to right of the C matrix,
the predetermined value M1 is 720, the A matrix and the C matrix are represented by a parity check matrix initial value table, and the parity check matrix initial value table is a table representing positions of elements of 1 of the A matrix and the C matrix for every 360 columns, and is 301 342 350 1797 7970 8230 10820 11305 139 530 615 1566 6290 6425 9185 9466 48 419 444 1773 3213 4793 8594 10480 246 455 531 3011 5845 7383 8393 10709 39 262 290 3282 5208 9539 10955 11204 234 267 623 1033 1537 8766 11527 11557 494 661 671 1123 4497 6601 6715 10473 164 425 436 3259 4505 5614 8192 10221 326 377 477 7699 10162 11174 11878 206 360 557 891 930 1847 2427 3888 4491 6494 6911 8084 8945 9549 402 588 657 888 3271 4858 5257 6398 6631 6972 9678 11140 11159 11398 39 111 168 1192 1879 3121 3127 5987 8385 8488 9302 9884 10891 11879 639 640 693 1477 1790 2442 3388 3547 4622 6890 7315 7478 7905 11518 337 544 604 1184 1238 1334 2434 5239 6832 7770 9123 9397 9646 10254 32 77 604 762 1428 2756 2758 6854 7193 7311 7517 9105 10765 11173 910 1918 2342 3280 3362 3913 4586 6316 7693 8878 10922 11145 11863 790 1177 1386 1961 2437 3571 5179 5961 8222 9195 9569 10414 11498. 5. A transmission device comprising:
an encoding unit configured to perform LDPC coding on a basis of a parity check matrix of an LDPC code with a code length N of 17280 bits and a coding rate r of 6/16, wherein the parity check matrix includes
an A matrix of M1 rows and K columns expressed by a predetermined value M1 and an information length K=N×r of the LDPC code, the A matrix being an upper left matrix of the parity check matrix,
a B matrix of M1 rows and M1 columns, the B matrix having a step structure adjacent to right of the A matrix,
a Z matrix of M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the Z matrix being a zero matrix adjacent to right of the B matrix,
a C matrix of N−K−M1 rows and K+M1 columns, the C matrix being adjacent to below the A matrix and the B matrix, and
a D matrix of N−K−M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the D matrix being an identity matrix adjacent to right of the C matrix,
the predetermined value M1 is 720, the A matrix and the C matrix are represented by a parity check matrix initial value table, and the parity check matrix initial value table is a table representing positions of elements of 1 of the A matrix and the C matrix for every 360 columns, and is 416 437 444 1657 2662 4109 4405 6308 8251 75 498 687 3903 4582 7035 7650 7871 10382 394 419 474 3515 6708 7277 8703 9969 10489 167 289 612 1847 5277 5900 8326 8508 9462 196 439 620 2128 2375 2501 6902 9308 9552 154 495 623 5024 6241 8364 9996 10104 10346 230 329 661 879 1474 3222 4109 8079 8865 97 172 692 1018 1629 1752 3170 5930 359 377 712 6273 7131 7278 8292 10457 368 551 708 787 2891 6140 7195 9555 44 512 655 2196 6692 7975 8410 10727 27 94 611 5585 7258 8091 9867 10714 608 639 691 3560 6819 7492 7754 7916 46 115 214 2175 5986 7177 8589 10757 282 589 604 969 1856 2433 5742 8900 243 262 669 1330 1366 3339 5517 7517 62 392 651 4175 8349 8557 9192 10015 206 375 697 1449 2015 2390 3926 4428 5084 5236 5872 8486 9398 9997 10469 1079 1384 1664 2936 4618 5359 5455 5537 5726 5875 8044 8521 9746 791 1106 1497 1885 2682 3473 3716 4506 5671 5829 8388 8641 9454. 6. A transmission method comprising:
an encoding step of performing LDPC coding on a basis of a parity check matrix of an LDPC code with a code length N of 17280 bits and a coding rate r of 6/16, wherein the parity check matrix includes
an A matrix of M1 rows and K columns expressed by a predetermined value M1 and an information length K=N×r of the LDPC code, the A matrix being an upper left matrix of the parity check matrix,
a B matrix of M1 rows and M1 columns, the B matrix having a step structure adjacent to right of the A matrix,
a Z matrix of M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the Z matrix being a zero matrix adjacent to right of the B matrix,
a C matrix of N−K−M1 rows and K+M1 columns, the C matrix being adjacent to below the A matrix and the B matrix, and
a D matrix of N−K−M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the D matrix being an identity matrix adjacent to right of the C matrix,
the predetermined value M1 is 720, the A matrix and the C matrix are represented by a parity check matrix initial value table, and the parity check matrix initial value table is a table representing positions of elements of 1 of the A matrix and the C matrix for every 360 columns, and is 416 437 444 1657 2662 4109 4405 6308 8251 75 498 687 3903 4582 7035 7650 7871 10382 394 419 474 3515 6708 7277 8703 9969 10489 167 289 612 1847 5277 5900 8326 8508 9462 196 439 620 2128 2375 2501 6902 9308 9552 154 495 623 5024 6241 8364 9996 10104 10346 230 329 661 879 1474 3222 4109 8079 8865 97 172 692 1018 1629 1752 3170 5930 359 377 712 6273 7131 7278 8292 10457 368 551 708 787 2891 6140 7195 9555 44 512 655 2196 6692 7975 8410 10727 27 94 611 5585 7258 8091 9867 10714 608 639 691 3560 6819 7492 7754 7916 46 115 214 2175 5986 7177 8589 10757 282 589 604 969 1856 2433 5742 8900 243 262 669 1330 1366 3339 5517 7517 62 392 651 4175 8349 8557 9192 10015 206 375 697 1449 2015 2390 3926 4428 5084 5236 5872 8486 9398 9997 10469 1079 1384 1664 2936 4618 5359 5455 5537 5726 5875 8044 8521 9746 791 1106 1497 1885 2682 3473 3716 4506 5671 5829 8388 8641 9454. 7. A reception device comprising:
a decoding unit configured to decode an LDPC code with a code length N of 17280 bits and a coding rate r of 6/16, the LDPC code being obtained from data transmitted by a transmission method including an encoding step of performing LDPC coding on a basis of a parity check matrix of the LDPC code, wherein the parity check matrix includes
an A matrix of M1 rows and K columns expressed by a predetermined value M1 and an information length K=N×r of the LDPC code, the A matrix being an upper left matrix of the parity check matrix,
a B matrix of M1 rows and M1 columns, the B matrix having a step structure adjacent to right of the A matrix,
a Z matrix of M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the Z matrix being a zero matrix adjacent to right of the B matrix,
a C matrix of N−K−M1 rows and K+M1 columns, the C matrix being adjacent to below the A matrix and the B matrix, and
a D matrix of N−K−M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the D matrix being an identity matrix adjacent to right of the C matrix,
the predetermined value M1 is 720, the A matrix and the C matrix are represented by a parity check matrix initial value table, and the parity check matrix initial value table is a table representing positions of elements of 1 of the A matrix and the C matrix for every 360 columns, and is 416 437 444 1657 2662 4109 4405 6308 8251 75 498 687 3903 4582 7035 7650 7871 10382 394 419 474 3515 6708 7277 8703 9969 10489 167 289 612 1847 5277 5900 8326 8508 9462 196 439 620 2128 2375 2501 6902 9308 9552 154 495 623 5024 6241 8364 9996 10104 10346 230 329 661 879 1474 3222 4109 8079 8865 97 172 692 1018 1629 1752 3170 5930 359 377 712 6273 7131 7278 8292 10457 368 551 708 787 2891 6140 7195 9555 44 512 655 2196 6692 7975 8410 10727 27 94 611 5585 7258 8091 9867 10714 608 639 691 3560 6819 7492 7754 7916 46 115 214 2175 5986 7177 8589 10757 282 589 604 969 1856 2433 5742 8900 243 262 669 1330 1366 3339 5517 7517 62 392 651 4175 8349 8557 9192 10015 206 375 697 1449 2015 2390 3926 4428 5084 5236 5872 8486 9398 9997 10469 1079 1384 1664 2936 4618 5359 5455 5537 5726 5875 8044 8521 9746 791 1106 1497 1885 2682 3473 3716 4506 5671 5829 8388 8641 9454. 8. A reception method comprising:
a decoding step of decoding an LDPC code with a code length N of 17280 bits and a coding rate r of 6/16, the LDPC code being obtained from data transmitted by a transmission method including an encoding step of performing LDPC coding on a basis of a parity check matrix of the LDPC code, wherein the parity check matrix includes
an A matrix of M1 rows and K columns expressed by a predetermined value M1 and an information length K=N×r of the LDPC code, the A matrix being an upper left matrix of the parity check matrix,
a B matrix of M1 rows and M1 columns, the B matrix having a step structure adjacent to right of the A matrix,
a Z matrix of M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the Z matrix being a zero matrix adjacent to right of the B matrix,
a C matrix of N−K−M1 rows and K+M1 columns, the C matrix being adjacent to below the A matrix and the B matrix, and
a D matrix of N−K−M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the D matrix being an identity matrix adjacent to right of the C matrix,
the predetermined value M1 is 720, the A matrix and the C matrix are represented by a parity check matrix initial value table, and the parity check matrix initial value table is a table representing positions of elements of 1 of the A matrix and the C matrix for every 360 columns, and is 416 437 444 1657 2662 4109 4405 6308 8251 75 498 687 3903 4582 7035 7650 7871 10382 394 419 474 3515 6708 7277 8703 9969 10489 167 289 612 1847 5277 5900 8326 8508 9462 196 439 620 2128 2375 2501 6902 9308 9552 154 495 623 5024 6241 8364 9996 10104 10346 230 329 661 879 1474 3222 4109 8079 8865 97 172 692 1018 1629 1752 3170 5930 359 377 712 6273 7131 7278 8292 10457 368 551 708 787 2891 6140 7195 9555 44 512 655 2196 6692 7975 8410 10727 27 94 611 5585 7258 8091 9867 10714 608 639 691 3560 6819 7492 7754 7916 46 115 214 2175 5986 7177 8589 10757 282 589 604 969 1856 2433 5742 8900 243 262 669 1330 1366 3339 5517 7517 62 392 651 4175 8349 8557 9192 10015 206 375 697 1449 2015 2390 3926 4428 5084 5236 5872 8486 9398 9997 10469 1079 1384 1664 2936 4618 5359 5455 5537 5726 5875 8044 8521 9746 791 1106 1497 1885 2682 3473 3716 4506 5671 5829 8388 8641 9454. 9. A transmission device comprising:
an encoding unit configured to perform LDPC coding on a basis of a parity check matrix of an LDPC code with a code length N of 17280 bits and a coding rate r of 7/16, wherein the parity check matrix includes
an A matrix of M1 rows and K columns expressed by a predetermined value M1 and an information length K=N×r of the LDPC code, the A matrix being an upper left matrix of the parity check matrix,
a B matrix of M1 rows and M1 columns, the B matrix having a step structure adjacent to right of the A matrix,
a Z matrix of M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the Z matrix being a zero matrix adjacent to right of the B matrix,
a C matrix of N−K−M1 rows and K+M1 columns, the C matrix being adjacent to below the A matrix and the B matrix, and
a D matrix of N−K−M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the D matrix being an identity matrix adjacent to right of the C matrix,
the predetermined value M1 is 1080, the A matrix and the C matrix are represented by a parity check matrix initial value table, and the parity check matrix initial value table is a table representing positions of elements of 1 of the A matrix and the C matrix for every 360 columns, and is 512 531 598 3235 3447 5630 5765 6208 7026 9012 88 486 926 1714 5140 5725 6006 6506 7619 8191 200 447 460 1088 2612 3297 4001 4275 4992 8638 106 434 618 5357 5713 9045 9335 9429 9696 23 192 661 1220 2962 3867 5783 6410 6790 311 744 934 1267 1428 1959 2462 2865 5461 69 494 991 1278 4441 5620 5705 5936 8872 297 637 1031 2346 2946 4519 7235 7264 9243 330 599 790 3674 5457 6535 6660 7398 8110 263 630 826 1978 3384 4259 5159 5588 5885 196 648 983 1529 1821 2312 2428 7249 7359 59 774 1036 1427 2005 5811 6998 7987 8222 454 474 986 1633 4040 6880 7786 8518 9039 433 443 849 2517 3617 5477 6294 7914 9456 175 242 906 2924 3412 4063 7737 9084 9338 385 624 1004 3218 5225 6479 7684 7933 8875 233 622 807 2302 3315 3898 4079 7109 9201 3 877 1070 1331 2607 3552 4672 7549 8083 247 753 806 12 242 598 221 561 643 1135 1424 2228 9426 4998 5209 7742 8652 2042 5925 6236 9405. 10. A transmission method comprising:
an encoding step of performing LDPC coding on a basis of a parity check matrix of an LDPC code with a code length N of 17280 bits and a coding rate r of 7/16, wherein the parity check matrix includes
an A matrix of M1 rows and K columns expressed by a predetermined value M1 and an information length K=N×r of the LDPC code, the A matrix being an upper left matrix of the parity check matrix,
a B matrix of M1 rows and M1 columns, the B matrix having a step structure adjacent to right of the A matrix,
a Z matrix of M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the Z matrix being a zero matrix adjacent to right of the B matrix,
a C matrix of N−K−M1 rows and K+M1 columns, the C matrix being adjacent to below the A matrix and the B matrix, and
a D matrix of N−K−M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the D matrix being an identity matrix adjacent to right of the C matrix,
the predetermined value M1 is 1080, the A matrix and the C matrix are represented by a parity check matrix initial value table, and the parity check matrix initial value table is a table representing positions of elements of 1 of the A matrix and the C matrix for every 360 columns, and is 512 531 598 3235 3447 5630 5765 6208 7026 9012 88 486 926 1714 5140 5725 6006 6506 7619 8191 200 447 460 1088 2612 3297 4001 4275 4992 8638 106 434 618 5357 5713 9045 9335 9429 9696 23 192 661 1220 2962 3867 5783 6410 6790 311 744 934 1267 1428 1959 2462 2865 5461 69 494 991 1278 4441 5620 5705 5936 8872 297 637 1031 2346 2946 4519 7235 7264 9243 330 599 790 3674 5457 6535 6660 7398 8110 263 630 826 1978 3384 4259 5159 5588 5885 196 648 983 1529 1821 2312 2428 7249 7359 59 774 1036 1427 2005 5811 6998 7987 8222 454 474 986 1633 4040 6880 7786 8518 9039 433 443 849 2517 3617 5477 6294 7914 9456 175 242 906 2924 3412 4063 7737 9084 9338 385 624 1004 3218 5225 6479 7684 7933 8875 233 622 807 2302 3315 3898 4079 7109 9201 3 877 1070 1331 2607 3552 4672 7549 8083 247 753 806 12 242 598 221 561 643 1135 1424 2228 9426 4998 5209 7742 8652 2042 5925 6236 9405. 11. A reception device comprising:
a decoding unit configured to decode an LDPC code with a code length N of 17280 bits and a coding rate r of 7/16, the LDPC code being obtained from data transmitted by a transmission method including an encoding step of performing LDPC coding on a basis of a parity check matrix of the LDPC code, wherein the parity check matrix includes
an A matrix of M1 rows and K columns expressed by a predetermined value M1 and an information length K=N×r of the LDPC code, the A matrix being an upper left matrix of the parity check matrix,
a B matrix of M1 rows and M1 columns, the B matrix having a step structure adjacent to right of the A matrix,
a Z matrix of M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the Z matrix being a zero matrix adjacent to right of the B matrix,
a C matrix of N−K−M1 rows and K+M1 columns, the C matrix being adjacent to below the A matrix and the B matrix, and
a D matrix of N−K−M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the D matrix being an identity matrix adjacent to right of the C matrix,
the predetermined value M1 is 1080, the A matrix and the C matrix are represented by a parity check matrix initial value table, and the parity check matrix initial value table is a table representing positions of elements of 1 of the A matrix and the C matrix for every 360 columns, and is 512 531 598 3235 3447 5630 5765 6208 7026 9012 88 486 926 1714 5140 5725 6006 6506 7619 8191 200 447 460 1088 2612 3297 4001 4275 4992 8638 106 434 618 5357 5713 9045 9335 9429 9696 23 192 661 1220 2962 3867 5783 6410 6790 311 744 934 1267 1428 1959 2462 2865 5461 69 494 991 1278 4441 5620 5705 5936 8872 297 637 1031 2346 2946 4519 7235 7264 9243 330 599 790 3674 5457 6535 6660 7398 8110 263 630 826 1978 3384 4259 5159 5588 5885 196 648 983 1529 1821 2312 2428 7249 7359 59 774 1036 1427 2005 5811 6998 7987 8222 454 474 986 1633 4040 6880 7786 8518 9039 433 443 849 2517 3617 5477 6294 7914 9456 175 242 906 2924 3412 4063 7737 9084 9338 385 624 1004 3218 5225 6479 7684 7933 8875 233 622 807 2302 3315 3898 4079 7109 9201 3 877 1070 1331 2607 3552 4672 7549 8083 247 753 806 12 242 598 221 561 643 1135 1424 2228 9426 4998 5209 7742 8652 2042 5925 6236 9405. 12. A reception method comprising:
a decoding step of decoding an LDPC code with a code length N of 17280 bits and a coding rate r of 7/16, the LDPC code being obtained from data transmitted by a transmission method including an encoding step of performing LDPC coding on a basis of a parity check matrix of the LDPC code, wherein the parity check matrix includes
an A matrix of M1 rows and K columns expressed by a predetermined value M1 and an information length K=N×r of the LDPC code, the A matrix being an upper left matrix of the parity check matrix,
a B matrix of M1 rows and M1 columns, the B matrix having a step structure adjacent to right of the A matrix,
a Z matrix of M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the Z matrix being a zero matrix adjacent to right of the B matrix,
a C matrix of N−K−M1 rows and K+M1 columns, the C matrix being adjacent to below the A matrix and the B matrix, and
a D matrix of N−K−M1 rows and N−K−M1 columns, the D matrix being an identity matrix adjacent to right of the C matrix,
the predetermined value M1 is 1080, the A matrix and the C matrix are represented by a parity check matrix initial value table, and the parity check matrix initial value table is a table representing positions of elements of 1 of the A matrix and the C matrix for every 360 columns, and is 512 531 598 3235 3447 5630 5765 6208 7026 9012 88 486 926 1714 5140 5725 6006 6506 7619 8191 200 447 460 1088 2612 3297 4001 4275 4992 8638 106 434 618 5357 5713 9045 9335 9429 9696 23 192 661 1220 2962 3867 5783 6410 6790 311 744 934 1267 1428 1959 2462 2865 5461 69 494 991 1278 4441 5620 5705 5936 8872 297 637 1031 2346 2946 4519 7235 7264 9243 330 599 790 3674 5457 6535 6660 7398 8110 263 630 826 1978 3384 4259 5159 5588 5885 196 648 983 1529 1821 2312 2428 7249 7359 59 774 1036 1427 2005 5811 6998 7987 8222 454 474 986 1633 4040 6880 7786 8518 9039 433 443 849 2517 3617 5477 6294 7914 9456 175 242 906 2924 3412 4063 7737 9084 9338 385 624 1004 3218 5225 6479 7684 7933 8875 233 622 807 2302 3315 3898 4079 7109 9201 3 877 1070 1331 2607 3552 4672 7549 8083 247 753 806 12 242 598 221 561 643 1135 1424 2228 9426 4998 5209 7742 8652 2042 5925 6236 9405. | 2,600 |
349,282 | 350,156 | 16,757,943 | 2,692 | A connector terminal that is to be attached to a connector housing includes: a terminal main body unit including a wire connection section that is to be electrically connected to a core wire of a wire; and a cover unit configured to be attached to the wire connection section, and to cover the wire connection section. The wire connection section includes a locking portion configured to lock the cover unit. The cover unit includes an engagement portion configured to be engaged with the locking portion so as to lock the cover unit to the wire connection section, and a pressing portion configured to, in a state in which the engagement portion is engaged with the locking portion, sandwich and press the core wire of the wire between the pressing portion and the wire connection section. | 1. A connector terminal that is to be attached to a connector housing, the connector terminal comprising:
a terminal main body unit including a wire connection section that is to be electrically connected to a core wire of a wire; and a cover unit configured to be attached to the wire connection section, and to cover the wire connection section, wherein the wire connection section includes a locking portion configured to lock the cover unit, and the cover unit includes an engagement portion configured to be engaged with the locking portion so as to lock the cover unit to the wire connection section, and a pressing portion configured to, in a state in which the engagement portion is engaged with the locking portion, sandwich and press the core wire of the wire between the pressing portion and the wire connection section. 2. The connector terminal according to claim 1,
wherein the pressing portion includes a pressing protruding part configured to form a protrusion by curving the core wire when the cover unit is attached to the wire connection section, and to press the protrusion against the wire connection section. 3. The connector terminal according to claim 2,
wherein the cover unit includes a deformation restricting portion configured to restrict deformation of the pressing protruding part when the pressing protruding part curves the core wire. 4. The connector terminal according to claim 1,
wherein the wire connection section includes a bottom portion, and a pair of wall portions that are opposed to each other standing upright from both edges of the bottom portion, and the pressing portion sandwiches and presses the core wire between the pressing portion and the bottom portion of the wire connection section. 5. The connector terminal according to claim 4,
wherein the bottom portion of the wire connection section includes, at a position thereof opposed to the pressing portion of the cover unit, a raised part that is raised toward the pressing portion side. 6. The connector terminal according to claim 4,
wherein each of the pair of wall portions includes a holding portion configured to hold the core wire when the cover unit is attached to the wire connection section. 7. The connector terminal according to claim 6,
wherein the holding portions are formed between the pair of wall portions at positions that are displaced relative to each other. 8. The connector terminal according to claim 6,
wherein the holding portions each have a plate shape including a corner part, and the holding portions hold the core wire with the corner parts. 9. The connector terminal according to claim 1,
wherein the wire connection section includes a check portion for checking electrical connection between the wire connection section and the core wire, and the cover unit includes a window portion for exposing the check portion. 10. The connector terminal according to claim 1,
wherein the terminal main body unit includes a terminal connection section that is formed as a single piece with the wire connection section, and that is configured to be connected to a counterpart connector terminal, and, in a state in which the cover unit is attached to the wire connection section, the wire connection section includes, between the terminal connection section and the cover unit, an opening for detecting the presence or absence of the core wire. 11. The connector terminal according to claim 1,
wherein the wire is a covered wire including a covering portion that covers the core wire, and at least one of the wire connection section and the cover unit includes a clamping portion configured to clamp the covering portion. 12. A connector comprising:
the connector terminal according to claim 1; and a connector housing into which the connector terminal is to be inserted. 13. The connector according to claim 12, comprising:
a rear holder configured to be attached to the connector housing, and including a wire insertion port into which the wire is to be inserted, wherein the rear holder includes a wire insertion hole expanding toward the wire insertion port in a tapered shape. | A connector terminal that is to be attached to a connector housing includes: a terminal main body unit including a wire connection section that is to be electrically connected to a core wire of a wire; and a cover unit configured to be attached to the wire connection section, and to cover the wire connection section. The wire connection section includes a locking portion configured to lock the cover unit. The cover unit includes an engagement portion configured to be engaged with the locking portion so as to lock the cover unit to the wire connection section, and a pressing portion configured to, in a state in which the engagement portion is engaged with the locking portion, sandwich and press the core wire of the wire between the pressing portion and the wire connection section.1. A connector terminal that is to be attached to a connector housing, the connector terminal comprising:
a terminal main body unit including a wire connection section that is to be electrically connected to a core wire of a wire; and a cover unit configured to be attached to the wire connection section, and to cover the wire connection section, wherein the wire connection section includes a locking portion configured to lock the cover unit, and the cover unit includes an engagement portion configured to be engaged with the locking portion so as to lock the cover unit to the wire connection section, and a pressing portion configured to, in a state in which the engagement portion is engaged with the locking portion, sandwich and press the core wire of the wire between the pressing portion and the wire connection section. 2. The connector terminal according to claim 1,
wherein the pressing portion includes a pressing protruding part configured to form a protrusion by curving the core wire when the cover unit is attached to the wire connection section, and to press the protrusion against the wire connection section. 3. The connector terminal according to claim 2,
wherein the cover unit includes a deformation restricting portion configured to restrict deformation of the pressing protruding part when the pressing protruding part curves the core wire. 4. The connector terminal according to claim 1,
wherein the wire connection section includes a bottom portion, and a pair of wall portions that are opposed to each other standing upright from both edges of the bottom portion, and the pressing portion sandwiches and presses the core wire between the pressing portion and the bottom portion of the wire connection section. 5. The connector terminal according to claim 4,
wherein the bottom portion of the wire connection section includes, at a position thereof opposed to the pressing portion of the cover unit, a raised part that is raised toward the pressing portion side. 6. The connector terminal according to claim 4,
wherein each of the pair of wall portions includes a holding portion configured to hold the core wire when the cover unit is attached to the wire connection section. 7. The connector terminal according to claim 6,
wherein the holding portions are formed between the pair of wall portions at positions that are displaced relative to each other. 8. The connector terminal according to claim 6,
wherein the holding portions each have a plate shape including a corner part, and the holding portions hold the core wire with the corner parts. 9. The connector terminal according to claim 1,
wherein the wire connection section includes a check portion for checking electrical connection between the wire connection section and the core wire, and the cover unit includes a window portion for exposing the check portion. 10. The connector terminal according to claim 1,
wherein the terminal main body unit includes a terminal connection section that is formed as a single piece with the wire connection section, and that is configured to be connected to a counterpart connector terminal, and, in a state in which the cover unit is attached to the wire connection section, the wire connection section includes, between the terminal connection section and the cover unit, an opening for detecting the presence or absence of the core wire. 11. The connector terminal according to claim 1,
wherein the wire is a covered wire including a covering portion that covers the core wire, and at least one of the wire connection section and the cover unit includes a clamping portion configured to clamp the covering portion. 12. A connector comprising:
the connector terminal according to claim 1; and a connector housing into which the connector terminal is to be inserted. 13. The connector according to claim 12, comprising:
a rear holder configured to be attached to the connector housing, and including a wire insertion port into which the wire is to be inserted, wherein the rear holder includes a wire insertion hole expanding toward the wire insertion port in a tapered shape. | 2,600 |
349,283 | 350,157 | 16,757,930 | 2,692 | Provided is a cart robot having a charge function, which includes: a main body having a container in which goods are contained, a handle assembly installed on one side of the container, a battery module, and a battery management system (BMS) module for managing charge and discharge of the battery module; wheel assemblies rotatably coupled to a lower portion of the main body, and configured to move the main body in a direction of a force applied to the handle assembly; and an external charge module (CM) having a front connector provided on a lower front side of the main body and a rear connector provided on a lower rear side of the main body, electrically connected to an external power supply through the front or rear connector and configured to charge the battery module. | 1-12. (canceled) 13. A cart robot comprising:
a main body including:
a container to store goods;
a handle assembly located at a first side of the container;
a battery module; and
a battery management system (BMS) configured to control charging and discharging of the battery module;
a wheel assembly coupled to the main body, the wheel assembly being configured to move the main body in a direction of a force applied to the handle assembly; and an external charge module including:
a front connector provided at a lower front side of the main body, the front connector being one of a female connector and a male connector; and
a rear connector provided at a lower rear side of the main body, the rear connector being an other one of a female connector and a male connector,
wherein the external charge module is electrically connectable to an external power supply through the front connector or the rear connector to charge the battery module. 14. The cart robot according to claim 13, wherein the cart robot is a first cart robot, and the front connector of the first cart robot is configured to be disposed toward a rear connector of a second cart robot when the first cart robot is coupled with the second cart robot, and
wherein the front connector of the first cart robot includes:
a first terminal energized when the external power supply is activated; and
a first spring configured to elastically support the first terminal toward the rear connector of the second cart robot. 15. The cart robot according to claim 14, wherein the rear connector of the first cart robot is disposed toward a front connector of a third cart robot when the first cart robot is coupled with the third cart robot, and
wherein the rear connector of the first cart robot includes:
a second terminal energized when the external power supply is activated; and
a second spring configured to elastically support the second terminal toward the front connector of the third cart robot. 16. The cart robot according to claim 15, wherein the front connector of the first cart robot is configured to contact the rear connector of the second cart robot when the first cart robot is coupled with the second cart robot, and
wherein the rear connector of the first cart robot is configured to contact the front connector of the third cart robot when the first cart robot is coupled with the third cart robot. 17. The cart robot according to claim 13, wherein the front connector further includes:
a front connecting body coupled to the main body; and a first guide rib provided on a first side of the front connecting body. 18. The cart robot according to claim 17, wherein the rear connector further includes:
a rear connecting body coupled to the main body; and a second guide rib provided on a first side of the rear connecting body. 19. The cart robot according to claim 18, wherein the first guide rib and the second guide rib are configured to extend into a guide rail of a cart robot guider installed on a floor, and
wherein the first guide rib and the second guide rib are configured to move along the guide rail. 20. The cart robot according to claim 18, wherein the front connecting body includes a first magnet,
wherein the rear connecting body includes a second magnet, and wherein the first magnet and the second magnet have opposing magnetic poles. 21. The cart robot according to claim 13, wherein the front connector includes:
a front connecting body coupled to the main body; a terminal configured to be energized when the external power supply is activated; and a connecting lever fixed to a lower portion of the front connecting body and configured to rotatably support the terminal. 22. The cart robot according to claim 21, wherein the front connecting body further includes a terminal inserting hole, and
wherein the terminal is provided in the terminal inserting hole. 23. The cart robot according to claim 22, wherein the connecting lever includes:
a cylindrical rotary support having a hollow portion; a cylindrical rotary shaft provided in the hollow portion; a terminal coupling extending from a first side of the cylindrical rotary support in a radial direction and coupled to the terminal; and a rotator extending from a second side of the cylindrical rotary support in the radial direction. 24. The cart robot according to claim 23, wherein the rotator of the connecting lever is bent toward a front of the main body in an “L” shape, and is configured to:
rotate to face a rear of the main body by a rear connector of a second cart robot when the cart robot is coupled with the second cart robot, and
rotate about the rotary shaft to expose the terminal to the terminal inserting hole. 25. The cart robot according to claim 13, wherein the main body comprises:
a sensor configured either to detect a position of a user or detect a force applied to the handle by the user; and a main printed circuit board (PCB) module having a main PCB configured to communicate with the BMS. 26. The cart robot according to claim 25, wherein the main body further includes a bumper for protecting the main PCB module and the sensor, the bumper surrounding a portion of the main body. 27. The cart robot according to claim 26, wherein the bumper is located at the lower front side of the main body, and is made of an elastic material having a preset thickness. 28. The cart robot according to claim 13, wherein the wheel assembly comprises an in-wheel motor to be supplied with power from the battery module and configured to provide an auxiliary force to the wheel assembly. 29. The cart robot according to claim 13, wherein the battery module includes:
a battery; a battery case configured to house the battery; and a printed circuit board (PCB) for the battery, and wherein the battery is detachably coupled to the battery case. 30. The cart robot according to claim 29, wherein the PCB for the battery communicates with the BMS, and
wherein the BMS is provided on the PCB or the battery module. 31. The cart robot according to claim 30, wherein the cart robot is a first cart robot, and the BMS of the first cart robot is configured to:
determine a charge amount and a discharge amount of the battery of the first cart robot to calculate a residual amount and an operable time of the battery of the first cart robot, and determine a time required to charge of the battery of the first cart robot, and perform control by distinguishing when the battery of the first cart robot is in an operation mode and when the battery of the first cart robot is in a charge mode and by determining whether the first cart robot is disposed at a charge position for charging or is connected to a second cart robot. 32. The cart robot according to claim 31, wherein the BMS of the first cart robot is configured to communicate with a main PCB of the first cart robot,
wherein the BMS of the first cart robot is configured to communicate with a BMS of the second cart robot, and wherein the BMS of the first cart robot is configured to determine, according to the residual amount of charge of the battery of the first cart robot in the charge mode, whether to preferentially charge the battery of the first cart robot or to transmit power to the second cart robot in order to preferentially charge a battery of the second cart robot. | Provided is a cart robot having a charge function, which includes: a main body having a container in which goods are contained, a handle assembly installed on one side of the container, a battery module, and a battery management system (BMS) module for managing charge and discharge of the battery module; wheel assemblies rotatably coupled to a lower portion of the main body, and configured to move the main body in a direction of a force applied to the handle assembly; and an external charge module (CM) having a front connector provided on a lower front side of the main body and a rear connector provided on a lower rear side of the main body, electrically connected to an external power supply through the front or rear connector and configured to charge the battery module.1-12. (canceled) 13. A cart robot comprising:
a main body including:
a container to store goods;
a handle assembly located at a first side of the container;
a battery module; and
a battery management system (BMS) configured to control charging and discharging of the battery module;
a wheel assembly coupled to the main body, the wheel assembly being configured to move the main body in a direction of a force applied to the handle assembly; and an external charge module including:
a front connector provided at a lower front side of the main body, the front connector being one of a female connector and a male connector; and
a rear connector provided at a lower rear side of the main body, the rear connector being an other one of a female connector and a male connector,
wherein the external charge module is electrically connectable to an external power supply through the front connector or the rear connector to charge the battery module. 14. The cart robot according to claim 13, wherein the cart robot is a first cart robot, and the front connector of the first cart robot is configured to be disposed toward a rear connector of a second cart robot when the first cart robot is coupled with the second cart robot, and
wherein the front connector of the first cart robot includes:
a first terminal energized when the external power supply is activated; and
a first spring configured to elastically support the first terminal toward the rear connector of the second cart robot. 15. The cart robot according to claim 14, wherein the rear connector of the first cart robot is disposed toward a front connector of a third cart robot when the first cart robot is coupled with the third cart robot, and
wherein the rear connector of the first cart robot includes:
a second terminal energized when the external power supply is activated; and
a second spring configured to elastically support the second terminal toward the front connector of the third cart robot. 16. The cart robot according to claim 15, wherein the front connector of the first cart robot is configured to contact the rear connector of the second cart robot when the first cart robot is coupled with the second cart robot, and
wherein the rear connector of the first cart robot is configured to contact the front connector of the third cart robot when the first cart robot is coupled with the third cart robot. 17. The cart robot according to claim 13, wherein the front connector further includes:
a front connecting body coupled to the main body; and a first guide rib provided on a first side of the front connecting body. 18. The cart robot according to claim 17, wherein the rear connector further includes:
a rear connecting body coupled to the main body; and a second guide rib provided on a first side of the rear connecting body. 19. The cart robot according to claim 18, wherein the first guide rib and the second guide rib are configured to extend into a guide rail of a cart robot guider installed on a floor, and
wherein the first guide rib and the second guide rib are configured to move along the guide rail. 20. The cart robot according to claim 18, wherein the front connecting body includes a first magnet,
wherein the rear connecting body includes a second magnet, and wherein the first magnet and the second magnet have opposing magnetic poles. 21. The cart robot according to claim 13, wherein the front connector includes:
a front connecting body coupled to the main body; a terminal configured to be energized when the external power supply is activated; and a connecting lever fixed to a lower portion of the front connecting body and configured to rotatably support the terminal. 22. The cart robot according to claim 21, wherein the front connecting body further includes a terminal inserting hole, and
wherein the terminal is provided in the terminal inserting hole. 23. The cart robot according to claim 22, wherein the connecting lever includes:
a cylindrical rotary support having a hollow portion; a cylindrical rotary shaft provided in the hollow portion; a terminal coupling extending from a first side of the cylindrical rotary support in a radial direction and coupled to the terminal; and a rotator extending from a second side of the cylindrical rotary support in the radial direction. 24. The cart robot according to claim 23, wherein the rotator of the connecting lever is bent toward a front of the main body in an “L” shape, and is configured to:
rotate to face a rear of the main body by a rear connector of a second cart robot when the cart robot is coupled with the second cart robot, and
rotate about the rotary shaft to expose the terminal to the terminal inserting hole. 25. The cart robot according to claim 13, wherein the main body comprises:
a sensor configured either to detect a position of a user or detect a force applied to the handle by the user; and a main printed circuit board (PCB) module having a main PCB configured to communicate with the BMS. 26. The cart robot according to claim 25, wherein the main body further includes a bumper for protecting the main PCB module and the sensor, the bumper surrounding a portion of the main body. 27. The cart robot according to claim 26, wherein the bumper is located at the lower front side of the main body, and is made of an elastic material having a preset thickness. 28. The cart robot according to claim 13, wherein the wheel assembly comprises an in-wheel motor to be supplied with power from the battery module and configured to provide an auxiliary force to the wheel assembly. 29. The cart robot according to claim 13, wherein the battery module includes:
a battery; a battery case configured to house the battery; and a printed circuit board (PCB) for the battery, and wherein the battery is detachably coupled to the battery case. 30. The cart robot according to claim 29, wherein the PCB for the battery communicates with the BMS, and
wherein the BMS is provided on the PCB or the battery module. 31. The cart robot according to claim 30, wherein the cart robot is a first cart robot, and the BMS of the first cart robot is configured to:
determine a charge amount and a discharge amount of the battery of the first cart robot to calculate a residual amount and an operable time of the battery of the first cart robot, and determine a time required to charge of the battery of the first cart robot, and perform control by distinguishing when the battery of the first cart robot is in an operation mode and when the battery of the first cart robot is in a charge mode and by determining whether the first cart robot is disposed at a charge position for charging or is connected to a second cart robot. 32. The cart robot according to claim 31, wherein the BMS of the first cart robot is configured to communicate with a main PCB of the first cart robot,
wherein the BMS of the first cart robot is configured to communicate with a BMS of the second cart robot, and wherein the BMS of the first cart robot is configured to determine, according to the residual amount of charge of the battery of the first cart robot in the charge mode, whether to preferentially charge the battery of the first cart robot or to transmit power to the second cart robot in order to preferentially charge a battery of the second cart robot. | 2,600 |
349,284 | 350,158 | 16,757,948 | 2,692 | An air conditioning system according to an embodiment may include an outdoor unit including a compressor; at least one distributor connected to the outdoor unit and including a condenser and an evaporator that exchange heat between a refrigerant and water with each other; a plurality of heating pipes in communication with the condenser; a plurality of cooling pipes in communication with the evaporator; a plurality of fan coil units connected to the heating pipes or the cooling pipes; and a controller configured to perform a heating pipe search operation for matching a portion of the plurality of fan coil units with the plurality of heating pipes, and a cooling pipe search operation for matching another portion of the plurality of fan coil units with the plurality of cooling pipes, in parallel. | 1. An air conditioning system comprising:
an outdoor unit including a compressor; at least one distributor connected to the outdoor unit and including a condenser and an evaporator that exchange heat between refrigerant and water; a plurality of heating pipes in communication with the condenser; a plurality of cooling pipes in communication with the evaporator; a plurality of fan coil units connected to the heating pipes or the cooling pipes; and a controller configured to perform a heating pipe search operation for respectively matching a portion of the plurality of fan coil units with the plurality of heating pipes, and a cooling pipe search operation for respectively matching another portion of the plurality of fan coil units with the plurality of cooling pipes, in parallel. 2. The air conditioning system of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to:
turn on the compressor when a pipe search command is input to an input unit, and initiate the heating pipe search operation and the cooling pipe search operation when a predetermined set time has elapsed after the compressor is turned on or when a high pressure of the compressor reaches a predetermined set pressure or more. 3. The air conditioning system of claim 1, further comprising:
a plurality of temperature sensors respectively provided in the plurality of fan coil units; and a storage unit configured to store initial sensing temperatures of the plurality of temperature sensors before the heating pipe search operation and the cooling pipe search operation are performed. 4. The air conditioning system of claim 1, further comprising:
a plurality of temperature sensors respectively provided in the plurality of fan coil units; a plurality of heating flow valves respectively installed in the plurality of heating pipes; and a plurality of cooling flow valves respectively installed in the plurality of cooling pipes, wherein the controller is configured to, after any one of the plurality of heating flow valves is opened, match a fan coil unit provided with a temperature sensor of which a sensing temperature rises by a set temperature or more among the plurality of temperature sensors with a heating pipe provided with the any one heating flow valve, and after any one of the plurality of cooling flow valves is opened, match a fan coil unit provided with a temperature sensor of which a sensing temperature drops by a set temperature or more among the plurality of temperature sensors with a cooling pipe provided with the any one cooling flow valve. 5. The air conditioning system of claim 4, further comprising:
a first timer configured to measure search times respectively required for matching of the plurality of heating pipes; a second timer configured to measure search times respectively required for matching of the plurality of cooling pipes; and a storage unit configured to store search times measured by the first timer and the second timer. 6. The air conditioning system of claim 5, wherein the controller is configured to:
control an initial opening degree of a heating flow valve installed in a heating pipe with a relatively long search time to be larger than an initial opening degree of a heating flow valve installed in a heating pipe with a relatively short search time when operation of a fan coil unit connected to the heating pipe is initiated after the heating pipe search operation and the cooling pipe search operation are completed, and control an initial opening degree of a cooling flow valve installed in a cooling pipe with a relatively long search time to be larger than an initial opening degree of a cooling flow valve installed in a cooling pipe with a relatively short search time when operation of a fan coil unit connected to the cooling pipe is initiated after the heating pipe search operation and the cooling pipe search operation are completed. 7. An air conditioning system, comprising:
an outdoor unit including a compressor; at least one distributor connected to the outdoor unit and including a condenser and an evaporator that exchange heat between refrigerant and water; a plurality of connection pipes in communication with the condenser or evaporator; a plurality of flow valves respectively installed in the plurality of connection pipes; plurality of fan coil units connected to the connection pipes; a controller configured to perform a pipe search operation for matching the plurality of connection pipes with the plurality of fan coil units, respectively; a timer configured to measure search times respectively required for matching of the plurality of connection pipes; and a storage unit configured to store the search times, wherein the controller is configured to control an initial opening degree of a flow valve installed in a connection pipe with a relatively long search time to be larger than an initial opening degree of a flow valve installed in a connection pipe with a relatively short search time when operation of the fan coil units is initiated after the pipe search operation is completed. 8. The air conditioning system of claim 7, wherein the controller is configured to fully open an initial opening degree of a flow valve installed in a connection pipe with a longest search time among the plurality of flow valves when the operation of the fan coil units is initiated after the pipe search operation is completed. | An air conditioning system according to an embodiment may include an outdoor unit including a compressor; at least one distributor connected to the outdoor unit and including a condenser and an evaporator that exchange heat between a refrigerant and water with each other; a plurality of heating pipes in communication with the condenser; a plurality of cooling pipes in communication with the evaporator; a plurality of fan coil units connected to the heating pipes or the cooling pipes; and a controller configured to perform a heating pipe search operation for matching a portion of the plurality of fan coil units with the plurality of heating pipes, and a cooling pipe search operation for matching another portion of the plurality of fan coil units with the plurality of cooling pipes, in parallel.1. An air conditioning system comprising:
an outdoor unit including a compressor; at least one distributor connected to the outdoor unit and including a condenser and an evaporator that exchange heat between refrigerant and water; a plurality of heating pipes in communication with the condenser; a plurality of cooling pipes in communication with the evaporator; a plurality of fan coil units connected to the heating pipes or the cooling pipes; and a controller configured to perform a heating pipe search operation for respectively matching a portion of the plurality of fan coil units with the plurality of heating pipes, and a cooling pipe search operation for respectively matching another portion of the plurality of fan coil units with the plurality of cooling pipes, in parallel. 2. The air conditioning system of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to:
turn on the compressor when a pipe search command is input to an input unit, and initiate the heating pipe search operation and the cooling pipe search operation when a predetermined set time has elapsed after the compressor is turned on or when a high pressure of the compressor reaches a predetermined set pressure or more. 3. The air conditioning system of claim 1, further comprising:
a plurality of temperature sensors respectively provided in the plurality of fan coil units; and a storage unit configured to store initial sensing temperatures of the plurality of temperature sensors before the heating pipe search operation and the cooling pipe search operation are performed. 4. The air conditioning system of claim 1, further comprising:
a plurality of temperature sensors respectively provided in the plurality of fan coil units; a plurality of heating flow valves respectively installed in the plurality of heating pipes; and a plurality of cooling flow valves respectively installed in the plurality of cooling pipes, wherein the controller is configured to, after any one of the plurality of heating flow valves is opened, match a fan coil unit provided with a temperature sensor of which a sensing temperature rises by a set temperature or more among the plurality of temperature sensors with a heating pipe provided with the any one heating flow valve, and after any one of the plurality of cooling flow valves is opened, match a fan coil unit provided with a temperature sensor of which a sensing temperature drops by a set temperature or more among the plurality of temperature sensors with a cooling pipe provided with the any one cooling flow valve. 5. The air conditioning system of claim 4, further comprising:
a first timer configured to measure search times respectively required for matching of the plurality of heating pipes; a second timer configured to measure search times respectively required for matching of the plurality of cooling pipes; and a storage unit configured to store search times measured by the first timer and the second timer. 6. The air conditioning system of claim 5, wherein the controller is configured to:
control an initial opening degree of a heating flow valve installed in a heating pipe with a relatively long search time to be larger than an initial opening degree of a heating flow valve installed in a heating pipe with a relatively short search time when operation of a fan coil unit connected to the heating pipe is initiated after the heating pipe search operation and the cooling pipe search operation are completed, and control an initial opening degree of a cooling flow valve installed in a cooling pipe with a relatively long search time to be larger than an initial opening degree of a cooling flow valve installed in a cooling pipe with a relatively short search time when operation of a fan coil unit connected to the cooling pipe is initiated after the heating pipe search operation and the cooling pipe search operation are completed. 7. An air conditioning system, comprising:
an outdoor unit including a compressor; at least one distributor connected to the outdoor unit and including a condenser and an evaporator that exchange heat between refrigerant and water; a plurality of connection pipes in communication with the condenser or evaporator; a plurality of flow valves respectively installed in the plurality of connection pipes; plurality of fan coil units connected to the connection pipes; a controller configured to perform a pipe search operation for matching the plurality of connection pipes with the plurality of fan coil units, respectively; a timer configured to measure search times respectively required for matching of the plurality of connection pipes; and a storage unit configured to store the search times, wherein the controller is configured to control an initial opening degree of a flow valve installed in a connection pipe with a relatively long search time to be larger than an initial opening degree of a flow valve installed in a connection pipe with a relatively short search time when operation of the fan coil units is initiated after the pipe search operation is completed. 8. The air conditioning system of claim 7, wherein the controller is configured to fully open an initial opening degree of a flow valve installed in a connection pipe with a longest search time among the plurality of flow valves when the operation of the fan coil units is initiated after the pipe search operation is completed. | 2,600 |
349,285 | 350,159 | 16,757,921 | 2,692 | Augmented reality (AR) servicing guidance uses a mobile device (30, 90) with a display and a camera. Computer vision (CV) processing (102) such as Simultaneous Location and Mapping (SLAM) is performed to align AR content (80) with a live video feed (96) captured by the camera. The aligned AR content is displayed on the display of the mobile device. In one example, the mobile device is a head-up display (HUD) (90) with a transparent display (92, 94) and camera (20). In another example the mobile device is a cellphone or tablet computer (30) with a front display (34) and a rear-facing camera (36). The AR content (80) is generated by CV processing (54) to align (70) AR content with recorded video (40) of a service call. The aligning (72) includes aligning locations of interest (LOIs) identified in the recorded video of the service call by a user input. | 1. An augmented reality (AR) based servicing guidance device comprising:
a mobile device including a display and a camera; and an electronic processor programmed to perform computer vision (CV) processing comprising a Simultaneous Location and Mapping (SLAM) algorithm to align AR content with a live video feed captured by the camera of the mobile device and to display on the display of the mobile device the AR content aligned with the live video feed. 2. The AR based service guidance device of claim 1 wherein the aligned AR content includes a marker aligned with a location of interest (LOI) identified in the live video feed by the CV processing. 3. The AR based service guidance device of claim 1 wherein the aligned AR content includes an annotation aligned with a location of interest (LOI) identified in the live video feed by the CV processing. 4. The AR based service guidance device of claim 3 wherein the annotation is a part number annotation, a computer aided design (CAD) drawing or CAD drawing portion, or a CAD animation. 5. The AR based service guidance device of claim 1 wherein:
the mobile device comprises a heads-up display (HUD) in which the display is a transparent display and the camera is arranged to capture the live video feed corresponding to a viewpoint of a user of the HUD looking through the transparent display; and
the processor is programmed to display on the transparent display of the HUD the AR content aligned with the live video feed without displaying the live video feed on the transparent display. 6. The AR based service guidance device of claim 1 wherein:
the mobile device comprises a cellular telephone (cellphone) or tablet computer in which the display is an opaque display disposed on a front side of the cellphone or tablet computer and the camera is a rear-facing camera arranged on an opposite backside of the cellphone or tablet computer; and
the processor is programmed to display on the opaque display of the cellphone or tablet computer both the AR content aligned with the live video feed captured by the rear-facing camera and the live video feed as an underlay of the AR content;
wherein the mobile device is used to communicate with a remote expert. 7. The AR based service guidance device of claim 1 wherein the electronic processor is further programmed to perform a servicing preview by performing the CV processing to align the AR content with preview video substituted for the live video feed produced by the camera of the mobile device and simultaneously displaying on the display of the mobile device both the AR content aligned with the preview video and the preview video displayed as an underlay of the AR content. 8. The AR based service guidance device of claim 1 wherein the electronic processor includes:
a server computer programmed to perform the CV processing to align the AR content with the live video feed produced by the camera of the mobile device; and
a processor of the mobile device programmed to transmit the live video feed produced by the camera of the mobile device to the server computer and to receive the AR content aligned with the live video feed from the server computer and to display on the display of the mobile device the AR content aligned with the live video feed. 9. (canceled) 10. The AR based service guidance device of claim 1 further comprising:
a computer programmed to perform CV processing to generate the AR content by operations including aligning the AR content with recorded video of a service call including aligning at least a portion of the AR content with at least one location of interest (LOI) identified in the recorded video of the service call by a user input. 11. An augmented reality (AR) based servicing guidance method comprising:
using a computer, authoring AR content including the operations of receiving user input at the computer identifying at least one location of interest (LOI) in recorded video of a service call and performing computer vision (CV) processing to align AR content with the recorded video of the service call including aligning a portion of the AR content with the at least one LOI; and using an electronic processor and a mobile device including a display and a camera, presenting the authored AR content including performing computer vision (CV) processing using the electronic processor to align the authored AR content with a live video feed produced by the camera of the mobile device and displaying on the display of the mobile device the authored AR content aligned with the live video feed. 12. The AR based service guidance method of claim 11 wherein the portion of the AR content aligned with the at least one LOI includes one or more of a part number annotation, a computer aided design (CAD) drawing annotation, and a CAD animation annotation. 13. The AR based service guidance method of claim 11 wherein the mobile device comprises a heads-up display (HUD) in which the display is a transparent display and the camera is arranged to capture the live video feed corresponding to a viewpoint of a user of the HUD looking through the transparent display, and the presenting of the authored AR content includes:
displaying on the transparent display of the HUD the AR content aligned with the live video feed without displaying the live video feed on the transparent display. 14. The AR based service guidance method of claim 11 wherein the mobile device comprises a cellular telephone (cellphone) or tablet computer in which the display is an opaque display disposed on a front side of the cellphone or tablet computer and the camera is a rear-facing camera arranged on an opposite backside of the cellphone or tablet computer, and the presenting of the authored AR content includes:
displaying on the opaque display of the cellphone or tablet computer both the AR content aligned with the live video feed captured by the rear-facing camera and the live video feed as an underlay of the AR content
wherein the mobile device is used to communicate with a remote expert. 15. The AR based service guidance method of claim 11 further comprising:
using the electronic processor and the mobile device, performing a servicing preview by performing the CV processing to align the authored AR content with preview video substituted for the live video feed produced by the camera of the mobile device and simultaneously displaying on the display of the mobile device both the authored AR content aligned with the preview video and the preview video displayed as an underlay of the authored AR content. 16. The AR based service guidance method of claim 11 wherein the electronic processor comprises a server computer used to perform the CV processing to align the authored AR content with the live video feed produced by the camera and a processor of the mobile device used to display on the display of the mobile device the authored AR content aligned with the live video feed, the AR based service guidance method further comprising:
communicating the live video feed from the mobile device to the server computer; and
communicating the authored AR content aligned with the live video feed from the server computer to the mobile device. 17. The AR based service guidance method of claim 11 wherein:
the CV processing performed to align the AR content with the recorded video of the service call comprises Simultaneous Location and Mapping (SLAM) processing; and
the CV processing performed to align the authored AR content with a live video feed produced by the camera of the mobile device comprises SLAM processing. 18. An augmented reality (AR) content authoring device for authoring AR content for servicing guidance, the device comprising:
a computer; and a non transitory storage medium storing instructions readable and executable by the computer to perform an AR content authoring method including:
receiving user input at the computer identifying at least one location of interest (LOI) in recorded video of a service call; and
performing computer vision (CV) processing to align AR content with the recorded video of the service call including aligning a portion of the AR content with the at least one LOI. 19. The AR content authoring device of claim 18 wherein the receiving of user input identifying at least one LOI includes:
receiving the user input in the recorded video of the service call wherein CV processing is performed by the computer to detect a user operation captured by the recorded video which indicates at least one LOI in the recorded video. 20. The AR content authoring device of claim 18 wherein the CV processing comprises Simultaneous Location and Mapping (SLAM) processing. 21. The AR content authoring device of claim 18 wherein the AR content authoring method further comprises storing the recorded video of the service call and the aligned AR content as one of:
a maintenance procedure AR library component including preview video, or
an AR service log entry including the recorded video and the aligned AR content stored in an electronic service log of a medical imaging device. | Augmented reality (AR) servicing guidance uses a mobile device (30, 90) with a display and a camera. Computer vision (CV) processing (102) such as Simultaneous Location and Mapping (SLAM) is performed to align AR content (80) with a live video feed (96) captured by the camera. The aligned AR content is displayed on the display of the mobile device. In one example, the mobile device is a head-up display (HUD) (90) with a transparent display (92, 94) and camera (20). In another example the mobile device is a cellphone or tablet computer (30) with a front display (34) and a rear-facing camera (36). The AR content (80) is generated by CV processing (54) to align (70) AR content with recorded video (40) of a service call. The aligning (72) includes aligning locations of interest (LOIs) identified in the recorded video of the service call by a user input.1. An augmented reality (AR) based servicing guidance device comprising:
a mobile device including a display and a camera; and an electronic processor programmed to perform computer vision (CV) processing comprising a Simultaneous Location and Mapping (SLAM) algorithm to align AR content with a live video feed captured by the camera of the mobile device and to display on the display of the mobile device the AR content aligned with the live video feed. 2. The AR based service guidance device of claim 1 wherein the aligned AR content includes a marker aligned with a location of interest (LOI) identified in the live video feed by the CV processing. 3. The AR based service guidance device of claim 1 wherein the aligned AR content includes an annotation aligned with a location of interest (LOI) identified in the live video feed by the CV processing. 4. The AR based service guidance device of claim 3 wherein the annotation is a part number annotation, a computer aided design (CAD) drawing or CAD drawing portion, or a CAD animation. 5. The AR based service guidance device of claim 1 wherein:
the mobile device comprises a heads-up display (HUD) in which the display is a transparent display and the camera is arranged to capture the live video feed corresponding to a viewpoint of a user of the HUD looking through the transparent display; and
the processor is programmed to display on the transparent display of the HUD the AR content aligned with the live video feed without displaying the live video feed on the transparent display. 6. The AR based service guidance device of claim 1 wherein:
the mobile device comprises a cellular telephone (cellphone) or tablet computer in which the display is an opaque display disposed on a front side of the cellphone or tablet computer and the camera is a rear-facing camera arranged on an opposite backside of the cellphone or tablet computer; and
the processor is programmed to display on the opaque display of the cellphone or tablet computer both the AR content aligned with the live video feed captured by the rear-facing camera and the live video feed as an underlay of the AR content;
wherein the mobile device is used to communicate with a remote expert. 7. The AR based service guidance device of claim 1 wherein the electronic processor is further programmed to perform a servicing preview by performing the CV processing to align the AR content with preview video substituted for the live video feed produced by the camera of the mobile device and simultaneously displaying on the display of the mobile device both the AR content aligned with the preview video and the preview video displayed as an underlay of the AR content. 8. The AR based service guidance device of claim 1 wherein the electronic processor includes:
a server computer programmed to perform the CV processing to align the AR content with the live video feed produced by the camera of the mobile device; and
a processor of the mobile device programmed to transmit the live video feed produced by the camera of the mobile device to the server computer and to receive the AR content aligned with the live video feed from the server computer and to display on the display of the mobile device the AR content aligned with the live video feed. 9. (canceled) 10. The AR based service guidance device of claim 1 further comprising:
a computer programmed to perform CV processing to generate the AR content by operations including aligning the AR content with recorded video of a service call including aligning at least a portion of the AR content with at least one location of interest (LOI) identified in the recorded video of the service call by a user input. 11. An augmented reality (AR) based servicing guidance method comprising:
using a computer, authoring AR content including the operations of receiving user input at the computer identifying at least one location of interest (LOI) in recorded video of a service call and performing computer vision (CV) processing to align AR content with the recorded video of the service call including aligning a portion of the AR content with the at least one LOI; and using an electronic processor and a mobile device including a display and a camera, presenting the authored AR content including performing computer vision (CV) processing using the electronic processor to align the authored AR content with a live video feed produced by the camera of the mobile device and displaying on the display of the mobile device the authored AR content aligned with the live video feed. 12. The AR based service guidance method of claim 11 wherein the portion of the AR content aligned with the at least one LOI includes one or more of a part number annotation, a computer aided design (CAD) drawing annotation, and a CAD animation annotation. 13. The AR based service guidance method of claim 11 wherein the mobile device comprises a heads-up display (HUD) in which the display is a transparent display and the camera is arranged to capture the live video feed corresponding to a viewpoint of a user of the HUD looking through the transparent display, and the presenting of the authored AR content includes:
displaying on the transparent display of the HUD the AR content aligned with the live video feed without displaying the live video feed on the transparent display. 14. The AR based service guidance method of claim 11 wherein the mobile device comprises a cellular telephone (cellphone) or tablet computer in which the display is an opaque display disposed on a front side of the cellphone or tablet computer and the camera is a rear-facing camera arranged on an opposite backside of the cellphone or tablet computer, and the presenting of the authored AR content includes:
displaying on the opaque display of the cellphone or tablet computer both the AR content aligned with the live video feed captured by the rear-facing camera and the live video feed as an underlay of the AR content
wherein the mobile device is used to communicate with a remote expert. 15. The AR based service guidance method of claim 11 further comprising:
using the electronic processor and the mobile device, performing a servicing preview by performing the CV processing to align the authored AR content with preview video substituted for the live video feed produced by the camera of the mobile device and simultaneously displaying on the display of the mobile device both the authored AR content aligned with the preview video and the preview video displayed as an underlay of the authored AR content. 16. The AR based service guidance method of claim 11 wherein the electronic processor comprises a server computer used to perform the CV processing to align the authored AR content with the live video feed produced by the camera and a processor of the mobile device used to display on the display of the mobile device the authored AR content aligned with the live video feed, the AR based service guidance method further comprising:
communicating the live video feed from the mobile device to the server computer; and
communicating the authored AR content aligned with the live video feed from the server computer to the mobile device. 17. The AR based service guidance method of claim 11 wherein:
the CV processing performed to align the AR content with the recorded video of the service call comprises Simultaneous Location and Mapping (SLAM) processing; and
the CV processing performed to align the authored AR content with a live video feed produced by the camera of the mobile device comprises SLAM processing. 18. An augmented reality (AR) content authoring device for authoring AR content for servicing guidance, the device comprising:
a computer; and a non transitory storage medium storing instructions readable and executable by the computer to perform an AR content authoring method including:
receiving user input at the computer identifying at least one location of interest (LOI) in recorded video of a service call; and
performing computer vision (CV) processing to align AR content with the recorded video of the service call including aligning a portion of the AR content with the at least one LOI. 19. The AR content authoring device of claim 18 wherein the receiving of user input identifying at least one LOI includes:
receiving the user input in the recorded video of the service call wherein CV processing is performed by the computer to detect a user operation captured by the recorded video which indicates at least one LOI in the recorded video. 20. The AR content authoring device of claim 18 wherein the CV processing comprises Simultaneous Location and Mapping (SLAM) processing. 21. The AR content authoring device of claim 18 wherein the AR content authoring method further comprises storing the recorded video of the service call and the aligned AR content as one of:
a maintenance procedure AR library component including preview video, or
an AR service log entry including the recorded video and the aligned AR content stored in an electronic service log of a medical imaging device. | 2,600 |
349,286 | 350,160 | 16,757,936 | 2,692 | Methods and vehicles may be configured to gain experience in the form of state-action and/or action-observation histories for an operational scenario as the vehicle traverses a vehicle transportation network. The histories may be incorporated into a model in the form of learning to improve the model over time. The learning may be used to improve integration with human behavior. Driver feedback may be used in the learning examples to improve future performance and to integrate with human behavior. The learning may be used to create customized scenario solutions. The learning may be used to transfer a learned solution and apply the learned solution to a similar scenario. | 1. A method for use in traversing a vehicle transportation network, the method comprising:
traversing, by an autonomous vehicle, a vehicle transportation network, wherein traversing the vehicle transportation network includes:
determining a route of the autonomous vehicle within the vehicle transportation network;
executing the route of the autonomous vehicle;
detecting an operational scenario based on the route of the autonomous vehicle and a location of the autonomous vehicle;
determining a particular scenario-specific operation control evaluation module based on the operational scenario, wherein the scenario-specific operation control evaluation module includes models that determine a candidate vehicle control action based on an operational environment of the autonomous vehicle, wherein the models include an exploration model based on selecting a low probability action and an exploitation model based on selecting a high probability action;
instantiating a scenario-specific operational control evaluation module instance based on the particular scenario-specific operation control evaluation module;
traversing a portion of the vehicle transportation network by executing the candidate vehicle control action using the exploration model or the exploitation model;
observing a state resulting from the execution of the candidate vehicle control action;
updating the scenario-specific operational control evaluation module instance based on the state;
generating a state-action history entry based on the candidate vehicle control action and the state; and
storing the state-action history entry in a scenario-specific operation control database. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the exploration model and the exploitation model apply a stored state-action history. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the exploration model is based on selecting the candidate vehicle control action in a semi-random manner. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the exploitation model is based on selecting the candidate vehicle control action using the particular scenario-specific operation control evaluation module. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining that the operational scenario is not complete; and determining a second particular scenario-specific operation control evaluation module based on the operational scenario. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining that the operational scenario is complete; determining driver-initiated vehicle control actions, wherein a number of driver-initiated vehicle control actions is greater than a threshold; and creating a customized operational scenario based on the observed state and the driver-initiated vehicle control actions. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the state is associated with an operational environment. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the state is associated with a vehicle state of the autonomous vehicle. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the state is associated with a vehicle state of another vehicle in the vehicle transportation network. 10. An autonomous vehicle comprising:
a processor configured to execute instructions stored on a non-transitory computer readable medium to:
determine a route of the autonomous vehicle within a vehicle transportation network;
execute the route of the autonomous vehicle;
detect an operational scenario based on the route of the autonomous vehicle and a location of the autonomous vehicle;
determine a particular scenario-specific operation control evaluation module based on the operational scenario, wherein the scenario-specific operation control evaluation module includes a model that determines a candidate vehicle control action based on an operational environment of the autonomous vehicle, wherein the model is based on a low probability random selection of the candidate vehicle control action;
instantiate a scenario-specific operational control evaluation module instance based on the particular scenario-specific operation control evaluation module;
traverse a portion of the vehicle transportation network based on an execution of the candidate vehicle control action using the model;
observe a state resulting from the execution of the candidate vehicle control action; and
generate a state-action history entry based on the candidate vehicle control action and the state; and
a memory configured to store the state-action history entry in a scenario-specific operation control database. 11. The autonomous vehicle of claim 10, wherein the model applies the stored state-action history such that a probability of the random selection of the candidate vehicle control action diminishes over time proportional to a volume of the stored state-action history. 12. The autonomous vehicle of claim 10, wherein the model is based on selecting the candidate vehicle control action using the particular scenario-specific operation control evaluation module. 13. The autonomous vehicle of claim 10, wherein the processor is further configured to execute instructions stored on the non-transitory computer readable medium to:
determine that the operational scenario is not complete; and determine a second particular scenario-specific operation control evaluation module based on the operational scenario. 14. The autonomous vehicle of claim 10, wherein the processor is further configured to execute instructions stored on the non-transitory computer readable medium to:
determine that the operational scenario is complete; determine driver-initiated vehicle control actions, wherein a number of driver-initiated vehicle control actions is greater than a threshold; and create a customized operational scenario based on the observed state and the driver-initiated vehicle control actions. 15. The autonomous vehicle of claim 10, wherein the processor is further configured to execute instructions stored on the non-transitory computer readable medium to:
solve a second operational scenario based on the stored state-action history. | Methods and vehicles may be configured to gain experience in the form of state-action and/or action-observation histories for an operational scenario as the vehicle traverses a vehicle transportation network. The histories may be incorporated into a model in the form of learning to improve the model over time. The learning may be used to improve integration with human behavior. Driver feedback may be used in the learning examples to improve future performance and to integrate with human behavior. The learning may be used to create customized scenario solutions. The learning may be used to transfer a learned solution and apply the learned solution to a similar scenario.1. A method for use in traversing a vehicle transportation network, the method comprising:
traversing, by an autonomous vehicle, a vehicle transportation network, wherein traversing the vehicle transportation network includes:
determining a route of the autonomous vehicle within the vehicle transportation network;
executing the route of the autonomous vehicle;
detecting an operational scenario based on the route of the autonomous vehicle and a location of the autonomous vehicle;
determining a particular scenario-specific operation control evaluation module based on the operational scenario, wherein the scenario-specific operation control evaluation module includes models that determine a candidate vehicle control action based on an operational environment of the autonomous vehicle, wherein the models include an exploration model based on selecting a low probability action and an exploitation model based on selecting a high probability action;
instantiating a scenario-specific operational control evaluation module instance based on the particular scenario-specific operation control evaluation module;
traversing a portion of the vehicle transportation network by executing the candidate vehicle control action using the exploration model or the exploitation model;
observing a state resulting from the execution of the candidate vehicle control action;
updating the scenario-specific operational control evaluation module instance based on the state;
generating a state-action history entry based on the candidate vehicle control action and the state; and
storing the state-action history entry in a scenario-specific operation control database. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the exploration model and the exploitation model apply a stored state-action history. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the exploration model is based on selecting the candidate vehicle control action in a semi-random manner. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the exploitation model is based on selecting the candidate vehicle control action using the particular scenario-specific operation control evaluation module. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining that the operational scenario is not complete; and determining a second particular scenario-specific operation control evaluation module based on the operational scenario. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining that the operational scenario is complete; determining driver-initiated vehicle control actions, wherein a number of driver-initiated vehicle control actions is greater than a threshold; and creating a customized operational scenario based on the observed state and the driver-initiated vehicle control actions. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the state is associated with an operational environment. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the state is associated with a vehicle state of the autonomous vehicle. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the state is associated with a vehicle state of another vehicle in the vehicle transportation network. 10. An autonomous vehicle comprising:
a processor configured to execute instructions stored on a non-transitory computer readable medium to:
determine a route of the autonomous vehicle within a vehicle transportation network;
execute the route of the autonomous vehicle;
detect an operational scenario based on the route of the autonomous vehicle and a location of the autonomous vehicle;
determine a particular scenario-specific operation control evaluation module based on the operational scenario, wherein the scenario-specific operation control evaluation module includes a model that determines a candidate vehicle control action based on an operational environment of the autonomous vehicle, wherein the model is based on a low probability random selection of the candidate vehicle control action;
instantiate a scenario-specific operational control evaluation module instance based on the particular scenario-specific operation control evaluation module;
traverse a portion of the vehicle transportation network based on an execution of the candidate vehicle control action using the model;
observe a state resulting from the execution of the candidate vehicle control action; and
generate a state-action history entry based on the candidate vehicle control action and the state; and
a memory configured to store the state-action history entry in a scenario-specific operation control database. 11. The autonomous vehicle of claim 10, wherein the model applies the stored state-action history such that a probability of the random selection of the candidate vehicle control action diminishes over time proportional to a volume of the stored state-action history. 12. The autonomous vehicle of claim 10, wherein the model is based on selecting the candidate vehicle control action using the particular scenario-specific operation control evaluation module. 13. The autonomous vehicle of claim 10, wherein the processor is further configured to execute instructions stored on the non-transitory computer readable medium to:
determine that the operational scenario is not complete; and determine a second particular scenario-specific operation control evaluation module based on the operational scenario. 14. The autonomous vehicle of claim 10, wherein the processor is further configured to execute instructions stored on the non-transitory computer readable medium to:
determine that the operational scenario is complete; determine driver-initiated vehicle control actions, wherein a number of driver-initiated vehicle control actions is greater than a threshold; and create a customized operational scenario based on the observed state and the driver-initiated vehicle control actions. 15. The autonomous vehicle of claim 10, wherein the processor is further configured to execute instructions stored on the non-transitory computer readable medium to:
solve a second operational scenario based on the stored state-action history. | 2,600 |
349,287 | 350,161 | 16,757,919 | 2,692 | An optical device, to be used by a user driving a vehicle, the optical device including a controllable variable-tint lens and a controller, where the controller is configured to switch the optical device between at least two different modes, at least one mode being a driving mode and when the optical device is in the driving mode, a control parameter of the lens meets at least one driving criterion. | 1. An optical device, intended to be used by an user capable of driving a vehicle, said optical device comprising
a. at least a controllable variable-tint lens and b. a controller, wherein the controller is configured to switch the optical device between at least two different modes, wherein at least one mode is a driving mode and wherein when the optical device is in said driving mode, a control parameter of the lens, preferably a minimum transmission of the lens, meets at least one driving criterion. 2. The optical device according to claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to be interfaced with means for detecting driving conditions. 3. The optical device according to claim 2, wherein the means for detecting driving conditions are chosen among a time-of-flight sensor, an inertial measurement unit, a GPS, means for recognizing a communication signal emitted by a car, scenery analyzing means, a plurality of ambient light sensors, and/or UV sensors or any combination thereof. 4. The optical device according to claim 3, wherein the means for detecting driving conditions comprise UV sensors combined with at least one ambient light sensor. 5. The optical device according to claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to be manually triggered so as to switch between the driving mode and another of said at least two different modes. 6. The optical device according to claim 1, wherein the at least one driving criterion comprises having the minimum transmission of the lens strictly superior to a threshold, preferably strictly superior to 8%. 7. The optical device according to claim 1, wherein the at least one driving criterion comprises having the minimum transmission of the lens strictly superior to a threshold, and wherein the threshold is different depending on the outside luminosity, preferably strictly superior to 75% by night. 8. The optical device according to claim 1, wherein the driving criterion comprises having a Q-signal coefficient above a threshold. 9. The optical device according to claim 1, wherein the Controllable Variable-tint Lens is an electrochromic lens. 10. The optical device according to claim 1, wherein the Controllable Variable-tint Lens is a liquid crystal lens. 11. The optical device according to claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to change the properties of the lens following to a change in driving conditions, preferably following to a change in luminosity, more preferably to a change in luminosity caused by a tunnel. 12. A controllable variable tint lens configured to be interfaced with a controller capable of switching the lens between at least two different modes, wherein at least one mode is a driving mode and wherein when the lens is in driving mode, a minimum transmission of the lens meets at least one driving criterion. 13. A method of utilization of an optical device according to claim 1, comprising the steps of, upon reception of data pertaining to a driving mode, controlling the transmission of the lens to set a minimum transmission of the lens which meets at least one driving criterion. 14. A non-transitory storage medium storing a program comprising instructions for performing a method according to claim 13 whenever said computer program is executed by a processor. | An optical device, to be used by a user driving a vehicle, the optical device including a controllable variable-tint lens and a controller, where the controller is configured to switch the optical device between at least two different modes, at least one mode being a driving mode and when the optical device is in the driving mode, a control parameter of the lens meets at least one driving criterion.1. An optical device, intended to be used by an user capable of driving a vehicle, said optical device comprising
a. at least a controllable variable-tint lens and b. a controller, wherein the controller is configured to switch the optical device between at least two different modes, wherein at least one mode is a driving mode and wherein when the optical device is in said driving mode, a control parameter of the lens, preferably a minimum transmission of the lens, meets at least one driving criterion. 2. The optical device according to claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to be interfaced with means for detecting driving conditions. 3. The optical device according to claim 2, wherein the means for detecting driving conditions are chosen among a time-of-flight sensor, an inertial measurement unit, a GPS, means for recognizing a communication signal emitted by a car, scenery analyzing means, a plurality of ambient light sensors, and/or UV sensors or any combination thereof. 4. The optical device according to claim 3, wherein the means for detecting driving conditions comprise UV sensors combined with at least one ambient light sensor. 5. The optical device according to claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to be manually triggered so as to switch between the driving mode and another of said at least two different modes. 6. The optical device according to claim 1, wherein the at least one driving criterion comprises having the minimum transmission of the lens strictly superior to a threshold, preferably strictly superior to 8%. 7. The optical device according to claim 1, wherein the at least one driving criterion comprises having the minimum transmission of the lens strictly superior to a threshold, and wherein the threshold is different depending on the outside luminosity, preferably strictly superior to 75% by night. 8. The optical device according to claim 1, wherein the driving criterion comprises having a Q-signal coefficient above a threshold. 9. The optical device according to claim 1, wherein the Controllable Variable-tint Lens is an electrochromic lens. 10. The optical device according to claim 1, wherein the Controllable Variable-tint Lens is a liquid crystal lens. 11. The optical device according to claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to change the properties of the lens following to a change in driving conditions, preferably following to a change in luminosity, more preferably to a change in luminosity caused by a tunnel. 12. A controllable variable tint lens configured to be interfaced with a controller capable of switching the lens between at least two different modes, wherein at least one mode is a driving mode and wherein when the lens is in driving mode, a minimum transmission of the lens meets at least one driving criterion. 13. A method of utilization of an optical device according to claim 1, comprising the steps of, upon reception of data pertaining to a driving mode, controlling the transmission of the lens to set a minimum transmission of the lens which meets at least one driving criterion. 14. A non-transitory storage medium storing a program comprising instructions for performing a method according to claim 13 whenever said computer program is executed by a processor. | 2,600 |
349,288 | 350,162 | 16,757,916 | 2,692 | A welding gun for welding a welding stud to a substrate in a welding direction is provided, comprising a holding device for holding the welding stud during a welding operation, wherein the welding stud has a contact surface which is intended to contact the substrate before and/or during the welding operation, further comprising a stud lifting device for conveying the holding device against the welding direction to an immersing start position, further comprising a stud immersing device for conveying the holding device from the immersing start position in the welding direction, further comprising a bearing element having a bearing surface for supporting the welding gun on the substrate, and further comprising a device for automatically adapting the immersing start position relative to the bearing surface in the welding direction. | 1. A welding gun for welding a welding stud to a substrate in a welding direction, the welding gun comprising a holding device for holding the welding stud during a welding operation, wherein the welding stud has a contact surface which is intended to contact the substrate before and/or during the welding operation; a stud lifting device for conveying the holding device against the welding direction to an immersing start position; a stud immersing device for conveying the holding device from the immersing start position in the welding direction; a bearing element having a bearing surface for supporting the welding gun on the substrate; and, a device for automatically adapting the immersing start position relative to the bearing surface in the welding direction. 2. The welding gun as claimed in claim 1, wherein the device for automatically adapting the immersing start position is provided for moving the stud lifting device relative to the bearing surface in the welding direction. 3. The welding gun as claimed in claim 1, wherein the welding gun comprises a locking element for locking the stud lifting device in two or more different positions relative to the bearing surface. 4. The welding gun as claimed in claim 1, wherein the welding gun comprises a driving element which is movable between a driving position and a release position, wherein the driving element in the driving position transmits a movement of the holding device against the welding direction to the stud lifting device, and wherein the driving element in the release position enables a movement of the holding device against the welding direction relative to the stud lifting device. 5. The welding gun as claimed in claim 1, wherein the welding gun comprises a holding spring which urges the holding device relative to the stud lifting device in the welding direction. 6. The welding gun as claimed in claim 1, wherein the welding gun comprises a driving spring which urges the stud lifting device relative to the bearing element in the welding direction. 7. The welding gun as claimed in claim 5, wherein a spring constant of the driving spring is greater than a spring constant of the holding spring. 8. The welding gun as claimed in claim 1, wherein the stud lifting device is suitable for moving the driving element from a driving position into a release position when the holding device is conveyed to the immersing start position. 9. A method for using a welding gun as claimed in claim 4, comprising:
a) holding the welding stud on the holding device, b) placing the welding gun with the welding stud on the substrate until the contact surface of the welding stud contacts the substrate, c) pressing the welding gun onto the substrate until the holding device bears against the driving element, d) further pressing the welding gun onto the substrate until the bearing surface bears against the substrate, e) locking the stud lifting device, moving the driving element into the release position, g) conveying the holding device against the welding direction to the immersing start position, and h) conveying the holding device from the immersing start position in the welding direction. 10. The method as claimed in claim 9, wherein the holding spring is tensioned during c). 11. The method as claimed in claim 9, wherein the driving spring is tensioned during d). 12. The method as claimed in claim 9, wherein the driving element is moved by the stud lifting device during f). 13. The welding gun as claimed in claim 2, wherein the welding gun comprises a locking element for locking the stud lifting device in two or more different positions relative to the bearing surface. 14. The welding gun as claimed in claim 2, wherein the welding gun comprises a driving element which is movable between a driving position and a release position, wherein the driving element in the driving position transmits a movement of the holding device against the welding direction to the stud lifting device, and wherein the driving element in the release position enables a movement of the holding device against the welding direction relative to the stud lifting device. 15. The welding gun as claimed in claim 2, wherein the welding gun comprises a holding spring which urges the holding device relative to the stud lifting device in the welding direction. 16. The welding gun as claimed in claim 2, wherein the welding gun comprises a driving spring which urges the stud lifting device relative to the bearing element in the welding direction. 17. The welding gun as claimed in claim 6, wherein a spring constant of the driving spring is greater than a spring constant of the holding spring. 18. The method as claimed in claim 10, wherein the driving spring is tensioned during d). 19. The method as claimed in claim 10, wherein the driving element is moved by the stud lifting device during f). 20. The method as claimed in claim 11, wherein the driving element is moved by the stud lifting device during f). | A welding gun for welding a welding stud to a substrate in a welding direction is provided, comprising a holding device for holding the welding stud during a welding operation, wherein the welding stud has a contact surface which is intended to contact the substrate before and/or during the welding operation, further comprising a stud lifting device for conveying the holding device against the welding direction to an immersing start position, further comprising a stud immersing device for conveying the holding device from the immersing start position in the welding direction, further comprising a bearing element having a bearing surface for supporting the welding gun on the substrate, and further comprising a device for automatically adapting the immersing start position relative to the bearing surface in the welding direction.1. A welding gun for welding a welding stud to a substrate in a welding direction, the welding gun comprising a holding device for holding the welding stud during a welding operation, wherein the welding stud has a contact surface which is intended to contact the substrate before and/or during the welding operation; a stud lifting device for conveying the holding device against the welding direction to an immersing start position; a stud immersing device for conveying the holding device from the immersing start position in the welding direction; a bearing element having a bearing surface for supporting the welding gun on the substrate; and, a device for automatically adapting the immersing start position relative to the bearing surface in the welding direction. 2. The welding gun as claimed in claim 1, wherein the device for automatically adapting the immersing start position is provided for moving the stud lifting device relative to the bearing surface in the welding direction. 3. The welding gun as claimed in claim 1, wherein the welding gun comprises a locking element for locking the stud lifting device in two or more different positions relative to the bearing surface. 4. The welding gun as claimed in claim 1, wherein the welding gun comprises a driving element which is movable between a driving position and a release position, wherein the driving element in the driving position transmits a movement of the holding device against the welding direction to the stud lifting device, and wherein the driving element in the release position enables a movement of the holding device against the welding direction relative to the stud lifting device. 5. The welding gun as claimed in claim 1, wherein the welding gun comprises a holding spring which urges the holding device relative to the stud lifting device in the welding direction. 6. The welding gun as claimed in claim 1, wherein the welding gun comprises a driving spring which urges the stud lifting device relative to the bearing element in the welding direction. 7. The welding gun as claimed in claim 5, wherein a spring constant of the driving spring is greater than a spring constant of the holding spring. 8. The welding gun as claimed in claim 1, wherein the stud lifting device is suitable for moving the driving element from a driving position into a release position when the holding device is conveyed to the immersing start position. 9. A method for using a welding gun as claimed in claim 4, comprising:
a) holding the welding stud on the holding device, b) placing the welding gun with the welding stud on the substrate until the contact surface of the welding stud contacts the substrate, c) pressing the welding gun onto the substrate until the holding device bears against the driving element, d) further pressing the welding gun onto the substrate until the bearing surface bears against the substrate, e) locking the stud lifting device, moving the driving element into the release position, g) conveying the holding device against the welding direction to the immersing start position, and h) conveying the holding device from the immersing start position in the welding direction. 10. The method as claimed in claim 9, wherein the holding spring is tensioned during c). 11. The method as claimed in claim 9, wherein the driving spring is tensioned during d). 12. The method as claimed in claim 9, wherein the driving element is moved by the stud lifting device during f). 13. The welding gun as claimed in claim 2, wherein the welding gun comprises a locking element for locking the stud lifting device in two or more different positions relative to the bearing surface. 14. The welding gun as claimed in claim 2, wherein the welding gun comprises a driving element which is movable between a driving position and a release position, wherein the driving element in the driving position transmits a movement of the holding device against the welding direction to the stud lifting device, and wherein the driving element in the release position enables a movement of the holding device against the welding direction relative to the stud lifting device. 15. The welding gun as claimed in claim 2, wherein the welding gun comprises a holding spring which urges the holding device relative to the stud lifting device in the welding direction. 16. The welding gun as claimed in claim 2, wherein the welding gun comprises a driving spring which urges the stud lifting device relative to the bearing element in the welding direction. 17. The welding gun as claimed in claim 6, wherein a spring constant of the driving spring is greater than a spring constant of the holding spring. 18. The method as claimed in claim 10, wherein the driving spring is tensioned during d). 19. The method as claimed in claim 10, wherein the driving element is moved by the stud lifting device during f). 20. The method as claimed in claim 11, wherein the driving element is moved by the stud lifting device during f). | 2,600 |
349,289 | 350,163 | 16,757,928 | 2,692 | A contact and a manufacturing method thereof are provided. The contact includes a metal cylinder formed as a single body, the metal cylinder has an undulant sidewall having a slit, the sidewall of the metal cylinder includes a plurality of inward-concave structures and a plurality of outward-convex structures extending in a length direction of the metal cylinder, the plurality of inward-concave structures are recessed toward a central axis of the metal cylinder, and the plurality of outward-convex structures protrude away from the central axis of the metal cylinder. The contact according to the present disclosure may transmit a large current or signal, and have low loss in electric power. | 1. A contact, comprising a metal cylinder formed as a single body, the metal cylinder having an undulant sidewall having a slit, the sidewall of the metal cylinder comprising:
a plurality of inward-concave structures extending in a length direction of the metal cylinder and recessed toward a central axis of the metal cylinder; and a plurality of outward-convex structures extending in the length direction of the metal cylinder and protruding away from the central axis of the metal cylinder. 2. The contact of claim 1, wherein the inward-concave structures have inclined surfaces at ends thereof, and the inclined surfaces are inclined inward and toward the central axis of the metal cylinder. 3. The contact of claim 1, wherein the plurality of inward-concave structures and the plurality of outward-convex structures are arranged uniformly at a constant interval in a corrugated shape. 4. The contact of claim 1, wherein the outward-convex structures include grooves disposed on tangents at tops of the outward-convex structures. 5. The contact of claim 4, wherein the grooves extend alternately from both ends of the metal cylinder. 6. The contact of claim 1, wherein a sleeve is disposed outside the metal cylinder, and a snap ring is disposed at an opening of the sleeve to fasten the metal cylinder. 7. A method of manufacturing a contact, comprising:
stamping a metal sheet to form concave-convex structures; chamfering ends of concave structures of the concave-convex structures; performing notching on tangents at tops of the concave-convex structures to form grooves; coiling the metal sheet to form a metal cylinder, wherein the concave structures are disposed inside the metal cylinder, and outward-convex structures of the concave-convex structures are disposed outside the metal cylinder; and inserting the metal cylinder into a sleeve having a snap ring at an opening of the sleeve, wherein the metal cylinder resiles and expands to be pressed against an inner wall of the sleeve. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the grooves extend alternately from both ends of the metal cylinder, in tangent directions at the tops of the concave-convex structures, respectively. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the grooves are disposed on tangents at tops of the outward-convex structures. 10. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
after coiling the metal sheet to form the metal cylinder, heat-treating the metal cylinder for 1 to 2.5 hours at a temperature in a range of 350 to 420° C. | A contact and a manufacturing method thereof are provided. The contact includes a metal cylinder formed as a single body, the metal cylinder has an undulant sidewall having a slit, the sidewall of the metal cylinder includes a plurality of inward-concave structures and a plurality of outward-convex structures extending in a length direction of the metal cylinder, the plurality of inward-concave structures are recessed toward a central axis of the metal cylinder, and the plurality of outward-convex structures protrude away from the central axis of the metal cylinder. The contact according to the present disclosure may transmit a large current or signal, and have low loss in electric power.1. A contact, comprising a metal cylinder formed as a single body, the metal cylinder having an undulant sidewall having a slit, the sidewall of the metal cylinder comprising:
a plurality of inward-concave structures extending in a length direction of the metal cylinder and recessed toward a central axis of the metal cylinder; and a plurality of outward-convex structures extending in the length direction of the metal cylinder and protruding away from the central axis of the metal cylinder. 2. The contact of claim 1, wherein the inward-concave structures have inclined surfaces at ends thereof, and the inclined surfaces are inclined inward and toward the central axis of the metal cylinder. 3. The contact of claim 1, wherein the plurality of inward-concave structures and the plurality of outward-convex structures are arranged uniformly at a constant interval in a corrugated shape. 4. The contact of claim 1, wherein the outward-convex structures include grooves disposed on tangents at tops of the outward-convex structures. 5. The contact of claim 4, wherein the grooves extend alternately from both ends of the metal cylinder. 6. The contact of claim 1, wherein a sleeve is disposed outside the metal cylinder, and a snap ring is disposed at an opening of the sleeve to fasten the metal cylinder. 7. A method of manufacturing a contact, comprising:
stamping a metal sheet to form concave-convex structures; chamfering ends of concave structures of the concave-convex structures; performing notching on tangents at tops of the concave-convex structures to form grooves; coiling the metal sheet to form a metal cylinder, wherein the concave structures are disposed inside the metal cylinder, and outward-convex structures of the concave-convex structures are disposed outside the metal cylinder; and inserting the metal cylinder into a sleeve having a snap ring at an opening of the sleeve, wherein the metal cylinder resiles and expands to be pressed against an inner wall of the sleeve. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the grooves extend alternately from both ends of the metal cylinder, in tangent directions at the tops of the concave-convex structures, respectively. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the grooves are disposed on tangents at tops of the outward-convex structures. 10. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
after coiling the metal sheet to form the metal cylinder, heat-treating the metal cylinder for 1 to 2.5 hours at a temperature in a range of 350 to 420° C. | 2,600 |
349,290 | 350,164 | 16,757,971 | 1,738 | A composite cemented carbide roll comprising an inner layer made of an iron-based alloy, and an outer layer made of cemented carbide which is metallurgically bonded to an outer peripheral surface of the inner layer; the cemented carbide of the outer layer comprising 55-90 parts by mass of WC particles and 10-45 parts by mass of an Fe-based binder phase having a particular composition; a shaft member and a shaft end member being metallurgically bonded to at least one axial end of the inner layer; the inner layer being made of an iron-based alloy containing 2.0% or more in total by mass of at least one selected from the group consisting of Cr, Ni and Mo; and the shaft member and the shaft end member being made of an iron-based alloy containing 1.5% or less in total by mass of at least one selected from the group consisting of Cr, Ni and Mo. | 1. A composite cemented carbide roll comprising an inner layer made of an iron-based alloy, and an outer layer made of cemented carbide which is metallurgically bonded to an outer peripheral surface of said inner layer;
the cemented carbide forming said outer layer comprising 55-90 parts by mass of WC particles and 10-45 parts by mass of an Fe-based binder phase, and a binder phase in said outer layer having a chemical composition comprising 0.5-10% by mass of Ni, 0.2-2.0% by mass of C, 0.5-5% by mass of Cr, and 0.1-5% by mass of W, the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities; a shaft member being metallurgically bonded to at least one axial end of said inner layer, and a shaft end member being welded to said shaft member; said inner layer being made of an iron-based alloy containing 2.0% or more in total by mass of at least one selected from the group consisting of Cr, Ni and Mo; and
said shaft member and said shaft end member being made of an iron-based alloy containing 1.5% or less in total by mass of at least one selected from the group consisting of Cr, Ni and Mo. 2. The composite cemented carbide roll according to claim 1, wherein the cemented carbide forming said outer layer contains substantially no composite carbides having equivalent circle diameters of 5 μm or more. 3. The composite cemented carbide roll according to claim 1, wherein said WC particles in the cemented carbide forming said outer layer have a median diameter D50 of 0.5-10 μm. 4. The composite cemented carbide roll according to claim 1, wherein the binder phase in the cemented carbide forming said outer layer further comprises 0.2-2.0% by mass of Si, 0-5% by mass of Co, and 0-1% by mass of Mn. 5. The composite cemented carbide roll according to claim 1, wherein the binder phase in the cemented carbide forming said outer layer contains 50% or more in total by area of bainite phases and/or martensite phases. 6. A composite cemented carbide roll comprising an inner layer made of an iron-based alloy, an intermediate layer made of cemented carbide which is metallurgically bonded to an outer peripheral surface of said inner layer, and an outer layer made of cemented carbide which is bonded to an outer peripheral surface of said intermediate layer;
the cemented carbide forming said outer layer comprising 55-90 parts by mass of WC particles and 10-45 parts by mass of an Fe-based binder phase, and a binder phase in said outer layer having a chemical composition comprising 0.5-10% by mass of Ni, 0.2-2.0% by mass of C, 0.5-5% by mass of Cr, and 0.1-5% by mass of W, the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities; the cemented carbide forming said intermediate layer comprising 30-65 parts by mass of WC particles and 35-70 parts by mass of an Fe-based binder phase, and a binder phase of said intermediate layer having a chemical composition comprising 0.5-10% by mass of Ni, 0.2-2.0% by mass of C, 0.5-5% by mass of Cr, and 0.1-5% by mass of W, the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities; a shaft member being metallurgically bonded to at least one axial end of said inner layer, and a shaft end member being welded to said shaft member; said inner layer being made of an iron-based alloy containing 2.0% or more in total by mass of at least one selected from the group consisting of Cr, Ni and Mo; and said shaft member and said shaft end member being made of an iron-based alloy containing 1.5% or less in total by mass of at least one selected from the group consisting of Cr, Ni and Mo. 7. The composite cemented carbide roll according to claim 6, wherein the cemented carbide forming said outer layer and/or said intermediate layer contains substantially no composite carbides having equivalent circle diameters of 5 μm or more. 8. The composite cemented carbide roll according to claim 6, wherein said WC particles contained in the cemented carbide forming said outer layer and/or said intermediate layer have a median diameter D50 of 0.5-10 μm. 9. The composite cemented carbide roll according to claim 6, wherein the binder phase in the cemented carbide forming said outer layer and/or said intermediate layer further comprises 0.2-2.0% by mass of Si, 0-5% by mass of Co, and 0-1% by mass of Mn. 10. The composite cemented carbide roll according to claim 6, wherein the amount of bainite phases and/or martensite phases in the binder phases in the cemented carbide forming said outer layer and/or said intermediate layer is 50% or more by area in total. 11. The composite cemented carbide roll according to claim 1, wherein said inner layer is made of an iron-based alloy comprising 0.2-0.45% by mass of C, 0.5-4.0% by mass of Cr, 1.4-4.0% by mass of Ni, and 0.10-1.0% by mass of Mo, the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities. 12. The composite cemented carbide roll according to claim 1, wherein said shaft member and said shaft end member are made of an iron-based alloy comprising 0.2-0.58% by mass of C, 0-1.2% by mass of Cr, and 0-0.3% by mass of Mo, the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities. 13. A method for producing a composite cemented carbide roll comprising an inner layer made of an iron-based alloy and an outer layer made of cemented carbide metallurgically bonded to each other;
arranging an outer layer material, which is a powder, green body, calcined body or sintered body of cemented carbide, around said inner layer made of an iron-based alloy containing 2.0% or more in total by mass of at least one selected from the group consisting of Cr, Ni and Mo; abutting a shaft member made of an iron-based alloy containing 1.5% or less in total by mass of at least one selected from the group consisting of Cr, Ni and Mo on at least one axial end of said inner layer; sealing said outer layer material, said inner layer and said shaft member in a HIP can made of a steel material, and evacuating said HIP can; and conducting a HIP treatment to integrally bond said outer layer, said inner layer and said shaft member. 14. The method for producing a composite cemented carbide roll according to claim 13, wherein the cemented carbide forming said outer layer comprises 55-90 parts by mass of WC particles and 10-45 parts by mass of an Fe-based binder phase, the binder phase in said outer layer having a chemical composition comprising 0.5-10% by mass of Ni, 0.2-2.0% by mass of C, 0.5-5% by mass of Cr, and 0.1-5% by mass of W, the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities. 15. A method for producing a composite cemented carbide roll comprising an inner layer made of an iron-based alloy, an intermediate layer made of cemented carbide and an outer layer made of cemented carbide, which are metallurgically bonded to each other;
arranging an intermediate layer material which is a powder, green body, calcined body or sintered body of cemented carbide, and an outer layer material which is a powder, green body, calcined body or sintered body of cemented carbide, around the inner layer made of an iron-based alloy containing 2.0% or more in total by mass of at least one selected from the group consisting of Cr, Ni and Mo; abutting a shaft member made of an iron-based alloy containing 1.5% or less in total by mass of at least one selected from the group consisting of Cr, Ni and Mo on at least one axial end of said inner layer; sealing said outer layer material, said intermediate layer material, said inner layer and said shaft member in a HIP can made of a steel material, and evacuating said HIP can; conducting a HIP treatment to integrally bond said outer layer material, said intermediate layer material, said inner layer, and said shaft member. 16. The method for producing a composite cemented carbide roll according to claim 15, wherein
the cemented carbide forming said outer layer comprises 55-90 parts by mass of WC particles and 10-45 parts by mass of an Fe-based binder phase, the binder phase in said outer layer having a chemical composition comprising 0.5-10% by mass of Ni, 0.2-2.0% by mass of C, 0.5-5% by mass of Cr, and 0.1-5% by mass of W, the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities; and the cemented carbide forming said intermediate layer comprises 30-65 parts by mass of WC particles and 35-70 parts by mass of an Fe-based binder phase, the binder phase in said intermediate layer having a chemical composition comprising 0.5-10% by mass of Ni, 0.2-2.0% by mass of C, 0.5-5% by mass of Cr, and 0.1-5% by mass of W, the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities. 17. The method for producing a composite cemented carbide roll according to claim 13, wherein after said HIP treatment, a shaft end member made of an iron-based alloy containing 1.5% or less in total by mass of at least one selected from the group consisting of Cr, Ni and Mo is welded to said shaft member. 18. The composite cemented carbide roll according to claim 6, wherein said inner layer is made of an iron-based alloy comprising 0.2-0.45% by mass of C, 0.5-4.0% by mass of Cr, 1.4-4.0% by mass of Ni, and 0.10-1.0% by mass of Mo, the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities. 19. The composite cemented carbide roll according to claim 6, wherein said shaft member and said shaft end member are made of an iron-based alloy comprising 0.2-0.58% by mass of C, 0-1.2% by mass of Cr, and 0-0.3% by mass of Mo, the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities. 20. The method for producing a composite cemented carbide roll according to claim 15, wherein after said HIP treatment, a shaft end member made of an iron-based alloy containing 1.5% or less in total by mass of at least one selected from the group consisting of Cr, Ni and Mo is welded to said shaft member. | A composite cemented carbide roll comprising an inner layer made of an iron-based alloy, and an outer layer made of cemented carbide which is metallurgically bonded to an outer peripheral surface of the inner layer; the cemented carbide of the outer layer comprising 55-90 parts by mass of WC particles and 10-45 parts by mass of an Fe-based binder phase having a particular composition; a shaft member and a shaft end member being metallurgically bonded to at least one axial end of the inner layer; the inner layer being made of an iron-based alloy containing 2.0% or more in total by mass of at least one selected from the group consisting of Cr, Ni and Mo; and the shaft member and the shaft end member being made of an iron-based alloy containing 1.5% or less in total by mass of at least one selected from the group consisting of Cr, Ni and Mo.1. A composite cemented carbide roll comprising an inner layer made of an iron-based alloy, and an outer layer made of cemented carbide which is metallurgically bonded to an outer peripheral surface of said inner layer;
the cemented carbide forming said outer layer comprising 55-90 parts by mass of WC particles and 10-45 parts by mass of an Fe-based binder phase, and a binder phase in said outer layer having a chemical composition comprising 0.5-10% by mass of Ni, 0.2-2.0% by mass of C, 0.5-5% by mass of Cr, and 0.1-5% by mass of W, the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities; a shaft member being metallurgically bonded to at least one axial end of said inner layer, and a shaft end member being welded to said shaft member; said inner layer being made of an iron-based alloy containing 2.0% or more in total by mass of at least one selected from the group consisting of Cr, Ni and Mo; and
said shaft member and said shaft end member being made of an iron-based alloy containing 1.5% or less in total by mass of at least one selected from the group consisting of Cr, Ni and Mo. 2. The composite cemented carbide roll according to claim 1, wherein the cemented carbide forming said outer layer contains substantially no composite carbides having equivalent circle diameters of 5 μm or more. 3. The composite cemented carbide roll according to claim 1, wherein said WC particles in the cemented carbide forming said outer layer have a median diameter D50 of 0.5-10 μm. 4. The composite cemented carbide roll according to claim 1, wherein the binder phase in the cemented carbide forming said outer layer further comprises 0.2-2.0% by mass of Si, 0-5% by mass of Co, and 0-1% by mass of Mn. 5. The composite cemented carbide roll according to claim 1, wherein the binder phase in the cemented carbide forming said outer layer contains 50% or more in total by area of bainite phases and/or martensite phases. 6. A composite cemented carbide roll comprising an inner layer made of an iron-based alloy, an intermediate layer made of cemented carbide which is metallurgically bonded to an outer peripheral surface of said inner layer, and an outer layer made of cemented carbide which is bonded to an outer peripheral surface of said intermediate layer;
the cemented carbide forming said outer layer comprising 55-90 parts by mass of WC particles and 10-45 parts by mass of an Fe-based binder phase, and a binder phase in said outer layer having a chemical composition comprising 0.5-10% by mass of Ni, 0.2-2.0% by mass of C, 0.5-5% by mass of Cr, and 0.1-5% by mass of W, the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities; the cemented carbide forming said intermediate layer comprising 30-65 parts by mass of WC particles and 35-70 parts by mass of an Fe-based binder phase, and a binder phase of said intermediate layer having a chemical composition comprising 0.5-10% by mass of Ni, 0.2-2.0% by mass of C, 0.5-5% by mass of Cr, and 0.1-5% by mass of W, the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities; a shaft member being metallurgically bonded to at least one axial end of said inner layer, and a shaft end member being welded to said shaft member; said inner layer being made of an iron-based alloy containing 2.0% or more in total by mass of at least one selected from the group consisting of Cr, Ni and Mo; and said shaft member and said shaft end member being made of an iron-based alloy containing 1.5% or less in total by mass of at least one selected from the group consisting of Cr, Ni and Mo. 7. The composite cemented carbide roll according to claim 6, wherein the cemented carbide forming said outer layer and/or said intermediate layer contains substantially no composite carbides having equivalent circle diameters of 5 μm or more. 8. The composite cemented carbide roll according to claim 6, wherein said WC particles contained in the cemented carbide forming said outer layer and/or said intermediate layer have a median diameter D50 of 0.5-10 μm. 9. The composite cemented carbide roll according to claim 6, wherein the binder phase in the cemented carbide forming said outer layer and/or said intermediate layer further comprises 0.2-2.0% by mass of Si, 0-5% by mass of Co, and 0-1% by mass of Mn. 10. The composite cemented carbide roll according to claim 6, wherein the amount of bainite phases and/or martensite phases in the binder phases in the cemented carbide forming said outer layer and/or said intermediate layer is 50% or more by area in total. 11. The composite cemented carbide roll according to claim 1, wherein said inner layer is made of an iron-based alloy comprising 0.2-0.45% by mass of C, 0.5-4.0% by mass of Cr, 1.4-4.0% by mass of Ni, and 0.10-1.0% by mass of Mo, the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities. 12. The composite cemented carbide roll according to claim 1, wherein said shaft member and said shaft end member are made of an iron-based alloy comprising 0.2-0.58% by mass of C, 0-1.2% by mass of Cr, and 0-0.3% by mass of Mo, the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities. 13. A method for producing a composite cemented carbide roll comprising an inner layer made of an iron-based alloy and an outer layer made of cemented carbide metallurgically bonded to each other;
arranging an outer layer material, which is a powder, green body, calcined body or sintered body of cemented carbide, around said inner layer made of an iron-based alloy containing 2.0% or more in total by mass of at least one selected from the group consisting of Cr, Ni and Mo; abutting a shaft member made of an iron-based alloy containing 1.5% or less in total by mass of at least one selected from the group consisting of Cr, Ni and Mo on at least one axial end of said inner layer; sealing said outer layer material, said inner layer and said shaft member in a HIP can made of a steel material, and evacuating said HIP can; and conducting a HIP treatment to integrally bond said outer layer, said inner layer and said shaft member. 14. The method for producing a composite cemented carbide roll according to claim 13, wherein the cemented carbide forming said outer layer comprises 55-90 parts by mass of WC particles and 10-45 parts by mass of an Fe-based binder phase, the binder phase in said outer layer having a chemical composition comprising 0.5-10% by mass of Ni, 0.2-2.0% by mass of C, 0.5-5% by mass of Cr, and 0.1-5% by mass of W, the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities. 15. A method for producing a composite cemented carbide roll comprising an inner layer made of an iron-based alloy, an intermediate layer made of cemented carbide and an outer layer made of cemented carbide, which are metallurgically bonded to each other;
arranging an intermediate layer material which is a powder, green body, calcined body or sintered body of cemented carbide, and an outer layer material which is a powder, green body, calcined body or sintered body of cemented carbide, around the inner layer made of an iron-based alloy containing 2.0% or more in total by mass of at least one selected from the group consisting of Cr, Ni and Mo; abutting a shaft member made of an iron-based alloy containing 1.5% or less in total by mass of at least one selected from the group consisting of Cr, Ni and Mo on at least one axial end of said inner layer; sealing said outer layer material, said intermediate layer material, said inner layer and said shaft member in a HIP can made of a steel material, and evacuating said HIP can; conducting a HIP treatment to integrally bond said outer layer material, said intermediate layer material, said inner layer, and said shaft member. 16. The method for producing a composite cemented carbide roll according to claim 15, wherein
the cemented carbide forming said outer layer comprises 55-90 parts by mass of WC particles and 10-45 parts by mass of an Fe-based binder phase, the binder phase in said outer layer having a chemical composition comprising 0.5-10% by mass of Ni, 0.2-2.0% by mass of C, 0.5-5% by mass of Cr, and 0.1-5% by mass of W, the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities; and the cemented carbide forming said intermediate layer comprises 30-65 parts by mass of WC particles and 35-70 parts by mass of an Fe-based binder phase, the binder phase in said intermediate layer having a chemical composition comprising 0.5-10% by mass of Ni, 0.2-2.0% by mass of C, 0.5-5% by mass of Cr, and 0.1-5% by mass of W, the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities. 17. The method for producing a composite cemented carbide roll according to claim 13, wherein after said HIP treatment, a shaft end member made of an iron-based alloy containing 1.5% or less in total by mass of at least one selected from the group consisting of Cr, Ni and Mo is welded to said shaft member. 18. The composite cemented carbide roll according to claim 6, wherein said inner layer is made of an iron-based alloy comprising 0.2-0.45% by mass of C, 0.5-4.0% by mass of Cr, 1.4-4.0% by mass of Ni, and 0.10-1.0% by mass of Mo, the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities. 19. The composite cemented carbide roll according to claim 6, wherein said shaft member and said shaft end member are made of an iron-based alloy comprising 0.2-0.58% by mass of C, 0-1.2% by mass of Cr, and 0-0.3% by mass of Mo, the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities. 20. The method for producing a composite cemented carbide roll according to claim 15, wherein after said HIP treatment, a shaft end member made of an iron-based alloy containing 1.5% or less in total by mass of at least one selected from the group consisting of Cr, Ni and Mo is welded to said shaft member. | 1,700 |
349,291 | 350,165 | 16,757,941 | 1,738 | Provided are apparatuses and methods for providing power to a fission-type nuclear power plant by a reactor with a confining wall at least partially enclosing a confinement region within which charged particles and neutrals can rotate. A plurality of electrodes is adjacent or proximate to the confinement region. A control system having a voltage source applies an electric potential between the plurality of electrodes to generate an electric field within the confinement region to induce rotational movement of the charged particles and the neutrals therein. A reactant is disposed in the confinement region. Repeated collisions between the neutrals and the reactant produce energy and a product having a nuclear mass that is different from a nuclear mass of the nuclei of the neutrals and the reactant. The energy dissipates from the reactor to provide power to the fission-type nuclear power plant. | 1. An apparatus for a retrofitted nuclear fission-type power plant, the apparatus comprising:
(a) one or more reactors, each comprising:
a confining wall at least partially enclosing a confinement region within which charged particles and neutrals can rotate,
a plurality of electrodes adjacent or proximate to the confinement region,
a control system comprising a voltage and/or current source configured to apply an electric potential between at least two of the plurality of electrodes, wherein the applied electric potential generates an electric field within the confinement region that alone, or in conjunction with a magnetic field, induces or maintains rotational movement of the charged particles and the neutrals in the confinement region, and
a reactant disposed in or adjacent to the confinement region such that, during operation, repeated collisions between the neutrals and the reactant produce an interaction with the reactant that releases energy and produces a product having a nuclear mass that is different from a nuclear mass of any of the nuclei of the neutrals and the reactant, wherein the energy dissipates from the one or more reactors to provide power to the nuclear fission-type power plant; and
(b) a vessel within the nuclear fission-type power plant for holding water, wherein the water held by the vessel receives energy dissipated by the one or more reactors to increase in temperature. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the vessel is configured to hold fuel rods and control rods during operation of a nuclear fission reaction in the fuel rods. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
a steam generator coupled to the one or more reactors to generate steam upon receiving energy from the one or more reactors. 4. The apparatus of claim 3, further comprising:
an electricity generator having a turbine that rotates to output electricity upon receiving steam from the steam generator. 5. The apparatus of claim 3, further comprising:
a condenser associated with the steam generator to condense steam to liquid water. 6. The apparatus of claim 5, further comprising:
a cooling tower configured to release water vapor generated by the condensed steam to cycle the liquid water toward a reservoir and/or to regulate temperature of the nuclear fission-type power plant. 7. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the electricity generator is connected to a switchyard to provide electric power thereto. 8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the fission type nuclear power plant comprises a pressurized water reactor or a boiling water reactor. 9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more reactors are dimensionally sized to integrate with support hardware for fuel rods of the nuclear fission-type power plant. 10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein at least one of the one or more reactors has a geometry and/or size different from support hardware for fuel rods of the nuclear fission-type power plant, but fits in the vessel. 11. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
a support structure configured to hold the one or more reactors in the vessel during operation. 12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the support structure includes spacer grids which hold the one or more reactors in place to reduce vibrations during operation of the nuclear fission-type power plant. 13. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the energy dissipated by the one or more reactors approximately matches a power output level of the nuclear fission-type power plant. 14. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the temperature of an outer surface of the one or more reactors does not exceed about 2,200° F. 15. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more reactors have a heat-transfer area that is greater than about 5,500 m2. 16. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein equipment originally deployed with the nuclear fission-type power plant is modified to integrate with the one or more reactors. 17. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more reactors replace a fission energy source of the nuclear fission-type power plant. 18. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the vessel does not have control rods during operation of the one or more reactors. 19. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein heat produced upon operation of the one or more reactors is conducted through walls thereof to surrounding water. 20. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the magnetic field is provided by a device positioned either within or outside the reactor, wherein the device is selected from a group consisting of: permanent magnets, non-superconducting electromagnets, and superconducting electromagnets. 21. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, during operation, energy dissipated from the one or more reactors is converted to steam by an existing structure of the nuclear fission-type power plant. 22. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
one or more energy conversion devices placed at one or more ends of at least one of the one or more reactors to convert charged and/or neutral particles directly or indirectly into thermal energy. 23. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a retrofit structure configured to accommodate the one or more reactors in place control rods and fuel rods. 24. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the plurality of electrodes is azimuthally distributed about the confinement region, and wherein the control system is configured to induce rotational movement of charged particles and the neutrals in the confinement region by applying time-varying voltages to the plurality of electrodes. 25. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein at least one of the one or more reactors is configured to induce rotational movement of charged particles and the neutrals in the confinement region by an interaction between the electric field and an applied magnetic field within the confinement region. 26. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein at least one of the one or more reactors further comprises an electron emitter disposed in or adjacent to the confinement region such that, during operation, the electron emitter generates electrons in the confinement region. 27. A method for retrofitting a fission-type power plant to receive a fusion reactor, the method comprising:
inserting the fusion reactor in a corresponding receptacle in the fission type power plant; and activating the fusion reactor to dissipate power therefrom to provide power to the fission-type power plant, wherein activation of the fusion reactor further comprises:
applying an electric field between at least two electrodes of a plurality of electrodes that are adjacent or proximate to a confinement region so that the applied electric field at least partially traverses the confinement region and induces rotation movement of charged particles and neutrals within the confinement region, and
wherein repeated collisions of the charged particles with a reactant disposed in or adjacent to the confinement region produces an interaction that produces a product having a nuclear mass that is different from nuclear masses of the nuclei of the particles and the reactant. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein applying the electric field between at least two electrodes further comprises:
applying time-varying voltages to the plurality of electrodes to induce rotational movement of charged particles and neutrals in the confinement region, wherein the plurality of electrodes is azimuthally distributed about the confinement region. 29. The method of claim 27, further comprising:
applying a magnetic field within the confinement region such that interaction between the applied electric field and the applied magnetic field induces rotational movement of charged particles and neutrals in the confinement region, wherein the plurality of electrodes are azimuthally distributed about the confinement region. | Provided are apparatuses and methods for providing power to a fission-type nuclear power plant by a reactor with a confining wall at least partially enclosing a confinement region within which charged particles and neutrals can rotate. A plurality of electrodes is adjacent or proximate to the confinement region. A control system having a voltage source applies an electric potential between the plurality of electrodes to generate an electric field within the confinement region to induce rotational movement of the charged particles and the neutrals therein. A reactant is disposed in the confinement region. Repeated collisions between the neutrals and the reactant produce energy and a product having a nuclear mass that is different from a nuclear mass of the nuclei of the neutrals and the reactant. The energy dissipates from the reactor to provide power to the fission-type nuclear power plant.1. An apparatus for a retrofitted nuclear fission-type power plant, the apparatus comprising:
(a) one or more reactors, each comprising:
a confining wall at least partially enclosing a confinement region within which charged particles and neutrals can rotate,
a plurality of electrodes adjacent or proximate to the confinement region,
a control system comprising a voltage and/or current source configured to apply an electric potential between at least two of the plurality of electrodes, wherein the applied electric potential generates an electric field within the confinement region that alone, or in conjunction with a magnetic field, induces or maintains rotational movement of the charged particles and the neutrals in the confinement region, and
a reactant disposed in or adjacent to the confinement region such that, during operation, repeated collisions between the neutrals and the reactant produce an interaction with the reactant that releases energy and produces a product having a nuclear mass that is different from a nuclear mass of any of the nuclei of the neutrals and the reactant, wherein the energy dissipates from the one or more reactors to provide power to the nuclear fission-type power plant; and
(b) a vessel within the nuclear fission-type power plant for holding water, wherein the water held by the vessel receives energy dissipated by the one or more reactors to increase in temperature. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the vessel is configured to hold fuel rods and control rods during operation of a nuclear fission reaction in the fuel rods. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
a steam generator coupled to the one or more reactors to generate steam upon receiving energy from the one or more reactors. 4. The apparatus of claim 3, further comprising:
an electricity generator having a turbine that rotates to output electricity upon receiving steam from the steam generator. 5. The apparatus of claim 3, further comprising:
a condenser associated with the steam generator to condense steam to liquid water. 6. The apparatus of claim 5, further comprising:
a cooling tower configured to release water vapor generated by the condensed steam to cycle the liquid water toward a reservoir and/or to regulate temperature of the nuclear fission-type power plant. 7. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the electricity generator is connected to a switchyard to provide electric power thereto. 8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the fission type nuclear power plant comprises a pressurized water reactor or a boiling water reactor. 9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more reactors are dimensionally sized to integrate with support hardware for fuel rods of the nuclear fission-type power plant. 10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein at least one of the one or more reactors has a geometry and/or size different from support hardware for fuel rods of the nuclear fission-type power plant, but fits in the vessel. 11. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
a support structure configured to hold the one or more reactors in the vessel during operation. 12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the support structure includes spacer grids which hold the one or more reactors in place to reduce vibrations during operation of the nuclear fission-type power plant. 13. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the energy dissipated by the one or more reactors approximately matches a power output level of the nuclear fission-type power plant. 14. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the temperature of an outer surface of the one or more reactors does not exceed about 2,200° F. 15. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more reactors have a heat-transfer area that is greater than about 5,500 m2. 16. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein equipment originally deployed with the nuclear fission-type power plant is modified to integrate with the one or more reactors. 17. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more reactors replace a fission energy source of the nuclear fission-type power plant. 18. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the vessel does not have control rods during operation of the one or more reactors. 19. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein heat produced upon operation of the one or more reactors is conducted through walls thereof to surrounding water. 20. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the magnetic field is provided by a device positioned either within or outside the reactor, wherein the device is selected from a group consisting of: permanent magnets, non-superconducting electromagnets, and superconducting electromagnets. 21. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, during operation, energy dissipated from the one or more reactors is converted to steam by an existing structure of the nuclear fission-type power plant. 22. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
one or more energy conversion devices placed at one or more ends of at least one of the one or more reactors to convert charged and/or neutral particles directly or indirectly into thermal energy. 23. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a retrofit structure configured to accommodate the one or more reactors in place control rods and fuel rods. 24. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the plurality of electrodes is azimuthally distributed about the confinement region, and wherein the control system is configured to induce rotational movement of charged particles and the neutrals in the confinement region by applying time-varying voltages to the plurality of electrodes. 25. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein at least one of the one or more reactors is configured to induce rotational movement of charged particles and the neutrals in the confinement region by an interaction between the electric field and an applied magnetic field within the confinement region. 26. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein at least one of the one or more reactors further comprises an electron emitter disposed in or adjacent to the confinement region such that, during operation, the electron emitter generates electrons in the confinement region. 27. A method for retrofitting a fission-type power plant to receive a fusion reactor, the method comprising:
inserting the fusion reactor in a corresponding receptacle in the fission type power plant; and activating the fusion reactor to dissipate power therefrom to provide power to the fission-type power plant, wherein activation of the fusion reactor further comprises:
applying an electric field between at least two electrodes of a plurality of electrodes that are adjacent or proximate to a confinement region so that the applied electric field at least partially traverses the confinement region and induces rotation movement of charged particles and neutrals within the confinement region, and
wherein repeated collisions of the charged particles with a reactant disposed in or adjacent to the confinement region produces an interaction that produces a product having a nuclear mass that is different from nuclear masses of the nuclei of the particles and the reactant. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein applying the electric field between at least two electrodes further comprises:
applying time-varying voltages to the plurality of electrodes to induce rotational movement of charged particles and neutrals in the confinement region, wherein the plurality of electrodes is azimuthally distributed about the confinement region. 29. The method of claim 27, further comprising:
applying a magnetic field within the confinement region such that interaction between the applied electric field and the applied magnetic field induces rotational movement of charged particles and neutrals in the confinement region, wherein the plurality of electrodes are azimuthally distributed about the confinement region. | 1,700 |
349,292 | 350,166 | 16,757,980 | 1,765 | Provided is a method for preparing a (meth)acryloyl group-containing organopolysiloxane having a step of transesterification between the components (a1) and (a2) in the presence of the components (a3) and (a4) to obtain the (meth)acryloyl group-containing organopolysiloxane, wherein component (a1) is an organopolysiloxane represented by the average composition formula (1) which has a hydroxy group-containing group, component (a2) is a (meth)acrylic acid ester represented by the general formula (2), component (a3) is a zirconium metal complex in an amount such that a molar ratio of component (a3) to the hydroxy group of component (a1) is 0.001 to 0.1, and component (a4) is a hydroxy group-containing amine represented by HON(R4)2 in an amount such that a molar ratio of component (a4) to component (a3) is 0.10 to 1.5, wherein R4 is, independently of each other, a linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. | 1. A method for preparing a (meth)acryloyl group-containing organopolysiloxane, comprising a step of transesterification between the following components (a1) and (a2) in the presence of the following components (a3) and (a4) to obtain the (meth)acryloyl group-containing organopolysiloxane,
(a1) an organopolysiloxane represented by the following average composition formula (1): 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein (a5) a radical polymerization inhibitor is further present in the step of the transesterification in an amount of 0.001 to 1 part by mass, relative to total 100 parts by mass of components (a1) and (a2). 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein (a6) an organic solvent is further present in the step of the transesterification in an amount of 1 to 200 parts by mass, relative to total 100 parts by mass of components (a1) through (a4) or, if component (a5) being present, relative to total 100 parts by mass of components (a1) through (a5). 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the zirconium metal complex (a3) is represented by the following general formula (3):
Zr(L1)e(L2)f (3) 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the radical polymerization inhibitor (a5) is a hindered phenolic compound. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the number of the hydroxy group-bonding silicon atoms in the organopolysiloxane (a1) is 1 to 50%, based on the total number of the silicon atoms in the organopolysiloxane (a1). 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the (meth)acryloyl group-containing organopolysiloxane is represented by the following average composition formula (7): 8. A radiation-curable organopolysiloxane composition comprising the following components (A) and (B),
(A) 100 parts by mass of a radical-polymerizable organopolysiloxane which has a viscosity of 5 to 3000 mPa·s and is represented by the following average composition formula (7): 9. A release sheet comprising a substrate and a cured product of the radiation-curable organopolysiloxane composition according to claim 8. | Provided is a method for preparing a (meth)acryloyl group-containing organopolysiloxane having a step of transesterification between the components (a1) and (a2) in the presence of the components (a3) and (a4) to obtain the (meth)acryloyl group-containing organopolysiloxane, wherein component (a1) is an organopolysiloxane represented by the average composition formula (1) which has a hydroxy group-containing group, component (a2) is a (meth)acrylic acid ester represented by the general formula (2), component (a3) is a zirconium metal complex in an amount such that a molar ratio of component (a3) to the hydroxy group of component (a1) is 0.001 to 0.1, and component (a4) is a hydroxy group-containing amine represented by HON(R4)2 in an amount such that a molar ratio of component (a4) to component (a3) is 0.10 to 1.5, wherein R4 is, independently of each other, a linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.1. A method for preparing a (meth)acryloyl group-containing organopolysiloxane, comprising a step of transesterification between the following components (a1) and (a2) in the presence of the following components (a3) and (a4) to obtain the (meth)acryloyl group-containing organopolysiloxane,
(a1) an organopolysiloxane represented by the following average composition formula (1): 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein (a5) a radical polymerization inhibitor is further present in the step of the transesterification in an amount of 0.001 to 1 part by mass, relative to total 100 parts by mass of components (a1) and (a2). 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein (a6) an organic solvent is further present in the step of the transesterification in an amount of 1 to 200 parts by mass, relative to total 100 parts by mass of components (a1) through (a4) or, if component (a5) being present, relative to total 100 parts by mass of components (a1) through (a5). 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the zirconium metal complex (a3) is represented by the following general formula (3):
Zr(L1)e(L2)f (3) 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the radical polymerization inhibitor (a5) is a hindered phenolic compound. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the number of the hydroxy group-bonding silicon atoms in the organopolysiloxane (a1) is 1 to 50%, based on the total number of the silicon atoms in the organopolysiloxane (a1). 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the (meth)acryloyl group-containing organopolysiloxane is represented by the following average composition formula (7): 8. A radiation-curable organopolysiloxane composition comprising the following components (A) and (B),
(A) 100 parts by mass of a radical-polymerizable organopolysiloxane which has a viscosity of 5 to 3000 mPa·s and is represented by the following average composition formula (7): 9. A release sheet comprising a substrate and a cured product of the radiation-curable organopolysiloxane composition according to claim 8. | 1,700 |
349,293 | 350,167 | 16,757,958 | 1,765 | A laminated product in which a first base material layer, an adhesive layer and a second base material layer are stacked in this order, wherein an edge of the laminated product is covered with a layer formed by a curable composition including at least one perfluoropolyether group-containing compound. | 1. A laminated product in which a first base material layer, an adhesive layer and a second base material layer are stacked in this order, wherein
an edge face of the laminated product is covered with a layer formed by a curable composition comprising a perfluoropolyether group-containing compound. 2. The laminated product according to claim 1, wherein the perfluoropolyether group-containing compound is a perfluoropolyether group-containing silane compound. 3. The laminated product according to claim 2, wherein the perfluoropolyether group-containing silane compound is at least one perfluoropolyether group-containing silane compound represented by formula (A), (B), (C) or (D): 4. The laminated product according to claim 1, wherein the perfluoropolyether group-containing compound is a perfluoropolyether group-containing compound having a carbon-carbon double bond at a molecular end. 5. The laminated product according to claim 4, wherein the perfluoropolyether group-containing compound having a carbon-carbon double bond at a molecular end is a compound represented by the following formula:
CH2═CH—Rk1—PFPE-Rk1—CH═CH2 (I)
wherein:
PFPE, at each occurrence, is each independently a group represented by formula:
—(OC6F12)a—(OC5F10)b—(OC4F8)c—(OC3X10 6)d—(OC2F4)e—(OCF2)f—
wherein a, b, c, d, e and f are each independently an integer of 0 or more and 200 or less, the sum of a, b, c, d, e and f is at least 1, the occurrence order of the respective repeating units in parentheses with a, b, c, d, e or f is not limited in the formula, and X10, at each occurrence, each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom; and Rk1, at each occurrence, is each independently a single bond or a divalent organic group. 6. The laminated product according to claim 1, wherein the adhesive is an adhesive comprising a resin selected from an epoxy resin, an acrylic resin, a silicone resin, a phenol resin, a polyimide resin, an imide resin, a polyvinyl chloride resin, a polyvinyl butyral resin and an ethylene vinyl acetate resin. 7. The laminated product according to claim 1, wherein the first base material layer and the second base material layer are each independently a base material layer formed from a material selected from the group consisting of a resin, a metal, a metal oxide, a ceramic and glass. 8. An article comprising the laminated product according to claim 1. | A laminated product in which a first base material layer, an adhesive layer and a second base material layer are stacked in this order, wherein an edge of the laminated product is covered with a layer formed by a curable composition including at least one perfluoropolyether group-containing compound.1. A laminated product in which a first base material layer, an adhesive layer and a second base material layer are stacked in this order, wherein
an edge face of the laminated product is covered with a layer formed by a curable composition comprising a perfluoropolyether group-containing compound. 2. The laminated product according to claim 1, wherein the perfluoropolyether group-containing compound is a perfluoropolyether group-containing silane compound. 3. The laminated product according to claim 2, wherein the perfluoropolyether group-containing silane compound is at least one perfluoropolyether group-containing silane compound represented by formula (A), (B), (C) or (D): 4. The laminated product according to claim 1, wherein the perfluoropolyether group-containing compound is a perfluoropolyether group-containing compound having a carbon-carbon double bond at a molecular end. 5. The laminated product according to claim 4, wherein the perfluoropolyether group-containing compound having a carbon-carbon double bond at a molecular end is a compound represented by the following formula:
CH2═CH—Rk1—PFPE-Rk1—CH═CH2 (I)
wherein:
PFPE, at each occurrence, is each independently a group represented by formula:
—(OC6F12)a—(OC5F10)b—(OC4F8)c—(OC3X10 6)d—(OC2F4)e—(OCF2)f—
wherein a, b, c, d, e and f are each independently an integer of 0 or more and 200 or less, the sum of a, b, c, d, e and f is at least 1, the occurrence order of the respective repeating units in parentheses with a, b, c, d, e or f is not limited in the formula, and X10, at each occurrence, each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom; and Rk1, at each occurrence, is each independently a single bond or a divalent organic group. 6. The laminated product according to claim 1, wherein the adhesive is an adhesive comprising a resin selected from an epoxy resin, an acrylic resin, a silicone resin, a phenol resin, a polyimide resin, an imide resin, a polyvinyl chloride resin, a polyvinyl butyral resin and an ethylene vinyl acetate resin. 7. The laminated product according to claim 1, wherein the first base material layer and the second base material layer are each independently a base material layer formed from a material selected from the group consisting of a resin, a metal, a metal oxide, a ceramic and glass. 8. An article comprising the laminated product according to claim 1. | 1,700 |
349,294 | 350,168 | 16,757,973 | 1,765 | A belt-type electric dust collection device capable of automatic cleaning includes a dust collection belt including a plurality of flat parts spaced apart at a predetermined distance, and a plurality of first bent parts and second bent parts formed at both ends of the plurality of flat parts. A plurality of first rollers are provided in a line at the plurality of first bent parts of the dust collection belt, to support and guide the dust collection belt. A plurality of second rollers are provided in a line at the plurality of second bent parts of the dust collection belt. A plurality of electrode plates are provided between the plurality of flat parts of the dust collection belt. A belt cleaning part is provided at one side of the dust collection belt, and a driving part is provided to move the dust collection belt. | 1. A belt type electric dust collection device comprising:
a dust collecting belt arranged to be overlapped in a zigzag form, the dust collecting belt including a plurality of flat portions facing each other in parallel and spaced apart by a predetermined distance and a plurality of first bent portions and a plurality of second bent portions formed at both ends of the plurality of flat portions; a plurality of first rollers disposed in a line in the plurality of first bent portions of the dust collecting belt, the plurality of first rollers configured to support and guide the dust collecting belt; a plurality of second rollers disposed in a line in the plurality of second bent portions of the dust collecting belt, the plurality of second rollers configured to support and guide the dust collecting belt; a plurality of electrode plates provided between the plurality of flat portions of the dust collecting belt; a belt cleaning part disposed at one side of the dust collecting belt and configured to remove contaminants attached to both surfaces of the dust collecting belt; and a drive part provided to drive at least one of the plurality of first rollers so as to move the dust collecting belt. 2. The belt type electric dust collection device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the dust collecting belt is formed of one endless belt whose both ends are connected. 3. The belt type electric dust collection device as claimed in claim 2, wherein the drive part comprises:
a roller gear coaxially disposed in at least one of the plurality of first rollers; a worm gear meshing with the roller gear; and a drive motor configured to rotate the worm gear. 4. The belt type electric dust collection device as claimed in claim 3, wherein the drive part further comprises
a pinion gear disposed on a shaft of the drive motor; and a spur gear disposed coaxially with the worm gear and engaged with the pinion gear. 5. The belt type electric dust collection device as claimed in claim 3, further comprising:
at least one backup roller disposed at one side of the at least one first roller provided with the roller gear and configured to press the dust collecting belt against the at least one first roller. 6. The belt type electric dust collection device as claimed in claim 5, wherein
a number of the at least one backup roller is smaller than a number of the at least one first roller provided with the roller gear. 7. The belt type electric dust collection device as claimed in claim 3, wherein
the roller gear comprises a plurality of roller gears disposed in one for every other first roller in the plurality of first rollers, and wherein the plurality of roller gears are rotated by the worm gear. 8. The belt type electric dust collection device as claimed in claim 2, wherein
the belt cleaning part is disposed at one side of the plurality of first rollers in a longitudinal direction of the dust collecting belt, and wherein the belt type electric dust collection device further comprises a plurality of guide rollers configured to guide the dust collecting belt to the belt cleaning part. 9. The belt type electric dust collection device as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
a first winding roller and a second winding roller disposed at both ends of the dust collecting belt and configured to wind and unwind the dust collecting belt. 10. The belt type electric dust collection device as claimed in claim 9, wherein the drive part comprises
a roller gear coaxially disposed in at least one of the plurality of first rollers; a first winding gear train and a second winding gear train configured to respectively transmit a rotational force to the first winding roller and the second winding roller; a worm gear meshing with the roller gear, the first winding gear train, and the second winding gear train; and a drive motor configured to rotate the worm gear. 11. The belt type electric dust collection device as claimed in claim 10, further comprising:
a first regulating roller and a second regulating roller respectively disposed in front of the first winding roller and the second winding roller and configured to be rotated by power from the worm gear. 12. The belt type electric dust collection device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the belt cleaning part comprises
a first cleaning member configured to remove contaminants attached to one surface of the dust collecting belt; a second cleaning member configured to remove contaminants attached to an opposite surface of the dust collecting belt; and a contaminants container configured to collect the contaminants removed from the dust collecting belt by the first cleaning member and the second cleaning member. 13. The belt type electric dust collection device as claimed in claim 12, wherein
the first cleaning member and the second cleaning member are disposed to face each other with the dust collecting belt interposing therebetween. 14. The belt type electric dust collection device as claimed in claim 12, wherein
the first cleaning member and the second cleaning member are spaced apart by a predetermined distance in a traveling direction of the dust collecting belt, and wherein the belt cleaning part comprises a first support part configured to support an opposite surface of a portion of the dust collecting belt in contact with the first cleaning member and a second support part configured to support an opposite surface of another portion of the dust collecting belt in contact with the second cleaning member. 15. An air conditioner comprising:
a belt type electric dust collection device of claim 1. | A belt-type electric dust collection device capable of automatic cleaning includes a dust collection belt including a plurality of flat parts spaced apart at a predetermined distance, and a plurality of first bent parts and second bent parts formed at both ends of the plurality of flat parts. A plurality of first rollers are provided in a line at the plurality of first bent parts of the dust collection belt, to support and guide the dust collection belt. A plurality of second rollers are provided in a line at the plurality of second bent parts of the dust collection belt. A plurality of electrode plates are provided between the plurality of flat parts of the dust collection belt. A belt cleaning part is provided at one side of the dust collection belt, and a driving part is provided to move the dust collection belt.1. A belt type electric dust collection device comprising:
a dust collecting belt arranged to be overlapped in a zigzag form, the dust collecting belt including a plurality of flat portions facing each other in parallel and spaced apart by a predetermined distance and a plurality of first bent portions and a plurality of second bent portions formed at both ends of the plurality of flat portions; a plurality of first rollers disposed in a line in the plurality of first bent portions of the dust collecting belt, the plurality of first rollers configured to support and guide the dust collecting belt; a plurality of second rollers disposed in a line in the plurality of second bent portions of the dust collecting belt, the plurality of second rollers configured to support and guide the dust collecting belt; a plurality of electrode plates provided between the plurality of flat portions of the dust collecting belt; a belt cleaning part disposed at one side of the dust collecting belt and configured to remove contaminants attached to both surfaces of the dust collecting belt; and a drive part provided to drive at least one of the plurality of first rollers so as to move the dust collecting belt. 2. The belt type electric dust collection device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the dust collecting belt is formed of one endless belt whose both ends are connected. 3. The belt type electric dust collection device as claimed in claim 2, wherein the drive part comprises:
a roller gear coaxially disposed in at least one of the plurality of first rollers; a worm gear meshing with the roller gear; and a drive motor configured to rotate the worm gear. 4. The belt type electric dust collection device as claimed in claim 3, wherein the drive part further comprises
a pinion gear disposed on a shaft of the drive motor; and a spur gear disposed coaxially with the worm gear and engaged with the pinion gear. 5. The belt type electric dust collection device as claimed in claim 3, further comprising:
at least one backup roller disposed at one side of the at least one first roller provided with the roller gear and configured to press the dust collecting belt against the at least one first roller. 6. The belt type electric dust collection device as claimed in claim 5, wherein
a number of the at least one backup roller is smaller than a number of the at least one first roller provided with the roller gear. 7. The belt type electric dust collection device as claimed in claim 3, wherein
the roller gear comprises a plurality of roller gears disposed in one for every other first roller in the plurality of first rollers, and wherein the plurality of roller gears are rotated by the worm gear. 8. The belt type electric dust collection device as claimed in claim 2, wherein
the belt cleaning part is disposed at one side of the plurality of first rollers in a longitudinal direction of the dust collecting belt, and wherein the belt type electric dust collection device further comprises a plurality of guide rollers configured to guide the dust collecting belt to the belt cleaning part. 9. The belt type electric dust collection device as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
a first winding roller and a second winding roller disposed at both ends of the dust collecting belt and configured to wind and unwind the dust collecting belt. 10. The belt type electric dust collection device as claimed in claim 9, wherein the drive part comprises
a roller gear coaxially disposed in at least one of the plurality of first rollers; a first winding gear train and a second winding gear train configured to respectively transmit a rotational force to the first winding roller and the second winding roller; a worm gear meshing with the roller gear, the first winding gear train, and the second winding gear train; and a drive motor configured to rotate the worm gear. 11. The belt type electric dust collection device as claimed in claim 10, further comprising:
a first regulating roller and a second regulating roller respectively disposed in front of the first winding roller and the second winding roller and configured to be rotated by power from the worm gear. 12. The belt type electric dust collection device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the belt cleaning part comprises
a first cleaning member configured to remove contaminants attached to one surface of the dust collecting belt; a second cleaning member configured to remove contaminants attached to an opposite surface of the dust collecting belt; and a contaminants container configured to collect the contaminants removed from the dust collecting belt by the first cleaning member and the second cleaning member. 13. The belt type electric dust collection device as claimed in claim 12, wherein
the first cleaning member and the second cleaning member are disposed to face each other with the dust collecting belt interposing therebetween. 14. The belt type electric dust collection device as claimed in claim 12, wherein
the first cleaning member and the second cleaning member are spaced apart by a predetermined distance in a traveling direction of the dust collecting belt, and wherein the belt cleaning part comprises a first support part configured to support an opposite surface of a portion of the dust collecting belt in contact with the first cleaning member and a second support part configured to support an opposite surface of another portion of the dust collecting belt in contact with the second cleaning member. 15. An air conditioner comprising:
a belt type electric dust collection device of claim 1. | 1,700 |
349,295 | 350,169 | 16,757,955 | 1,765 | in the form of any one of its stereoisomers or a mixture thereof, and wherein X represents a CHO group when R1 represents a C1-2 alkyl group or X represents a CH(R6)CHO group when R1 represents a hydrogen atom or a C1-2 alkyl group. Each of R2, R3, R4, R5 and R6 represents, independently from each other, a hydrogen atom or a C1-2 alkyl group; or R3 and R4 represent, when taken together, a ethanediyl group; and —C(R3)(R4)—CH(R5)—OH group is, relative to position 1, an ortho, a meta, a para substituent of the aromatic ring or a mixture thereof. Also disclosed is the compound of formula (I) as part of a perfuming composition or of a perfumed consumer product. | 1. A method to confer, enhance, improve or modify odor properties of a perfuming composition or of a perfumed article, the method comprising use as perfuming ingredient of a compound of formula (I) 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the —C(R3)(R4)—CH(R5)—OH group is a meta or para substituent of the aromatic ring, relative to position 1. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the compound (I) is a compound of formula II 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that R1 is a methyl group when X represents a CHO group or R1 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group when X represents a CH(R6)CHO group, R6 having the same meaning as defined in claim 1. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the compound (I) is a compound of formula (III) 6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that R2, R5 and R6 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group. 7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that R3 is a methyl group and R4 may be a hydrogen atom or a methyl group or R3 and R4 represent, when taken together, an ethanediyl group. 8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the compound (I) is a compound of formula IV 9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that R1, R2, R5 and R6 represent, independently from each other, a hydrogen atom. 10. A method to confer, enhance, improve or modify odor properties of a perfuming composition or of a perfumed article, which method comprises adding to said composition or article an effective amount of at least a compound of formula (I) as defined in claim 1. 11. A compound of formula (I) as defined in claim 1 provided that 3-(4-(1-hydroxy-2-methylpropan-2-yl)phenyl)propanal, 3-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenyl)propanal, 3-(4-(1-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopropyl)phenyl)propanal, 3-(4-(1-hydroxy-2-methylpropan-2-yl)phenyl)butanal, 3-(4-(2-hydroxypropyl)phenyl)propanal, 3-(4-(1-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopropyl)phenyl)butanal, 3-(3-(1-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopropyl)phenyl)butanal, 3-(3-(1-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopropyl)phenyl)propanal, 3-(2-(1-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopropyl)phenyl)propanal, 3-(2-(1-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopropyl)phenyl)butanal, 3-(3-(2-hydroxypropyl)phenyl)butanal, 3-(3-(2-hydroxypropyl)phenyl)propanal, 3-(3-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenyl)propanal, 3-(3-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenyl)butanal, 3-(3-(1-hydroxy-2-methylpropan-2-yl)phenyl)butanal, 3-(3-(1-hydroxy-2-methylpropan-2-yl)phenyl)propanal, 3-(2-(1-hydroxy-2-methylpropan-2-yl)phenyl)propanal, 3-(2-(1-hydroxy-2-methylpropan-2-yl)phenyl)butanal, 3-(2-(2-hydroxypropyl)phenyl)butanal, 3-(2-(2-hydroxypropyl)phenyl)propanal, 3-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenyl)butanal and 3-(4-(2-hydroxypropyl)phenyl)butanal are excluded. 12. A perfuming composition comprising:
i) at least one compound of formula (I), as defined in claim 1; ii) at least one ingredient selected from the group consisting of a perfumery carrier and a perfumery base; and optionally at least one perfumery adjuvant. 13. A perfumed consumer product comprising at least one compound of formula (I), as defined in claim 1. 14. The perfumed consumer product according to claim 13, characterized in that the perfumed consumer product is a perfume, a fabric care product, a body-care product, a cosmetic preparation, a skin-care product, an air care product or a home care product. 15. The perfumed consumer product according to claim 14, characterized in that the perfumed consumer product is a fine perfume, a splash or eau de parfum, a cologne, a shave or after-shave lotion, a liquid or solid detergent, a fabric softener, a fabric refresher, an ironing water, a paper, a bleach, a carpet cleaner, a curtain-care product, a shampoo, a coloring preparation, a color care product, a hair shaping product, a dental care product, a disinfectant, an intimate care product, a hair spray, a vanishing cream, a deodorant or antiperspirant, a hair remover, a tanning or sun product, a nail product, a skin cleansing, a makeup, a perfumed soap, a shower or bath mousse, an oil or gel, a foot/hand care product, a hygiene product, an air freshener, a “ready to use” powdered, an air freshener, a mold remover, a furnisher care, a wipe, a dish detergent or a hard-surface detergent, a leather care product, a car care product. 16. A perfumed consumer product comprising at least the composition as defined in claim 12. 17. The perfumed consumer product according to claim 16, characterized in that the perfumed consumer product is a perfume, a fabric care product, a body-care product, a cosmetic preparation, a skin-care product, an air care product or a home care product. 18. The perfumed consumer product according to claim 17, characterized in that the perfumed consumer product is a fine perfume, a splash or eau de parfum, a cologne, a shave or after-shave lotion, a liquid or solid detergent, a fabric softener, a fabric refresher, an ironing water, a paper, a bleach, a carpet cleaner, a curtain-care product, a shampoo, a coloring preparation, a color care product, a hair shaping product, a dental care product, a disinfectant, an intimate care product, a hair spray, a vanishing cream, a deodorant or antiperspirant, a hair remover, a tanning or sun product, a nail product, a skin cleansing, a makeup, a perfumed soap, a shower or bath mousse, an oil or gel, a foot/hand care product, a hygiene product, an air freshener, a “ready to use” powdered, an air freshener, a mold remover, a furnisher care, a wipe, a dish detergent or a hard-surface detergent, a leather care product, a car care product. | in the form of any one of its stereoisomers or a mixture thereof, and wherein X represents a CHO group when R1 represents a C1-2 alkyl group or X represents a CH(R6)CHO group when R1 represents a hydrogen atom or a C1-2 alkyl group. Each of R2, R3, R4, R5 and R6 represents, independently from each other, a hydrogen atom or a C1-2 alkyl group; or R3 and R4 represent, when taken together, a ethanediyl group; and —C(R3)(R4)—CH(R5)—OH group is, relative to position 1, an ortho, a meta, a para substituent of the aromatic ring or a mixture thereof. Also disclosed is the compound of formula (I) as part of a perfuming composition or of a perfumed consumer product.1. A method to confer, enhance, improve or modify odor properties of a perfuming composition or of a perfumed article, the method comprising use as perfuming ingredient of a compound of formula (I) 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the —C(R3)(R4)—CH(R5)—OH group is a meta or para substituent of the aromatic ring, relative to position 1. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the compound (I) is a compound of formula II 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that R1 is a methyl group when X represents a CHO group or R1 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group when X represents a CH(R6)CHO group, R6 having the same meaning as defined in claim 1. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the compound (I) is a compound of formula (III) 6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that R2, R5 and R6 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group. 7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that R3 is a methyl group and R4 may be a hydrogen atom or a methyl group or R3 and R4 represent, when taken together, an ethanediyl group. 8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the compound (I) is a compound of formula IV 9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that R1, R2, R5 and R6 represent, independently from each other, a hydrogen atom. 10. A method to confer, enhance, improve or modify odor properties of a perfuming composition or of a perfumed article, which method comprises adding to said composition or article an effective amount of at least a compound of formula (I) as defined in claim 1. 11. A compound of formula (I) as defined in claim 1 provided that 3-(4-(1-hydroxy-2-methylpropan-2-yl)phenyl)propanal, 3-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenyl)propanal, 3-(4-(1-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopropyl)phenyl)propanal, 3-(4-(1-hydroxy-2-methylpropan-2-yl)phenyl)butanal, 3-(4-(2-hydroxypropyl)phenyl)propanal, 3-(4-(1-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopropyl)phenyl)butanal, 3-(3-(1-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopropyl)phenyl)butanal, 3-(3-(1-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopropyl)phenyl)propanal, 3-(2-(1-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopropyl)phenyl)propanal, 3-(2-(1-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopropyl)phenyl)butanal, 3-(3-(2-hydroxypropyl)phenyl)butanal, 3-(3-(2-hydroxypropyl)phenyl)propanal, 3-(3-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenyl)propanal, 3-(3-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenyl)butanal, 3-(3-(1-hydroxy-2-methylpropan-2-yl)phenyl)butanal, 3-(3-(1-hydroxy-2-methylpropan-2-yl)phenyl)propanal, 3-(2-(1-hydroxy-2-methylpropan-2-yl)phenyl)propanal, 3-(2-(1-hydroxy-2-methylpropan-2-yl)phenyl)butanal, 3-(2-(2-hydroxypropyl)phenyl)butanal, 3-(2-(2-hydroxypropyl)phenyl)propanal, 3-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenyl)butanal and 3-(4-(2-hydroxypropyl)phenyl)butanal are excluded. 12. A perfuming composition comprising:
i) at least one compound of formula (I), as defined in claim 1; ii) at least one ingredient selected from the group consisting of a perfumery carrier and a perfumery base; and optionally at least one perfumery adjuvant. 13. A perfumed consumer product comprising at least one compound of formula (I), as defined in claim 1. 14. The perfumed consumer product according to claim 13, characterized in that the perfumed consumer product is a perfume, a fabric care product, a body-care product, a cosmetic preparation, a skin-care product, an air care product or a home care product. 15. The perfumed consumer product according to claim 14, characterized in that the perfumed consumer product is a fine perfume, a splash or eau de parfum, a cologne, a shave or after-shave lotion, a liquid or solid detergent, a fabric softener, a fabric refresher, an ironing water, a paper, a bleach, a carpet cleaner, a curtain-care product, a shampoo, a coloring preparation, a color care product, a hair shaping product, a dental care product, a disinfectant, an intimate care product, a hair spray, a vanishing cream, a deodorant or antiperspirant, a hair remover, a tanning or sun product, a nail product, a skin cleansing, a makeup, a perfumed soap, a shower or bath mousse, an oil or gel, a foot/hand care product, a hygiene product, an air freshener, a “ready to use” powdered, an air freshener, a mold remover, a furnisher care, a wipe, a dish detergent or a hard-surface detergent, a leather care product, a car care product. 16. A perfumed consumer product comprising at least the composition as defined in claim 12. 17. The perfumed consumer product according to claim 16, characterized in that the perfumed consumer product is a perfume, a fabric care product, a body-care product, a cosmetic preparation, a skin-care product, an air care product or a home care product. 18. The perfumed consumer product according to claim 17, characterized in that the perfumed consumer product is a fine perfume, a splash or eau de parfum, a cologne, a shave or after-shave lotion, a liquid or solid detergent, a fabric softener, a fabric refresher, an ironing water, a paper, a bleach, a carpet cleaner, a curtain-care product, a shampoo, a coloring preparation, a color care product, a hair shaping product, a dental care product, a disinfectant, an intimate care product, a hair spray, a vanishing cream, a deodorant or antiperspirant, a hair remover, a tanning or sun product, a nail product, a skin cleansing, a makeup, a perfumed soap, a shower or bath mousse, an oil or gel, a foot/hand care product, a hygiene product, an air freshener, a “ready to use” powdered, an air freshener, a mold remover, a furnisher care, a wipe, a dish detergent or a hard-surface detergent, a leather care product, a car care product. | 1,700 |
349,296 | 350,170 | 16,757,957 | 1,765 | Provided is an ultraviolet irradiation device capable of increasing the irradiance at an affected site (target cells) even when ultraviolet light having the same intensity is emitted. This ultraviolet irradiation device is provided with: a device body configured to be capable of emitting ultraviolet light from a light emission unit; an ultraviolet-transparent substrate disposed on the light emission unit; and an elastic member which is disposed on the surface of the substrate facing away from the device body and made of an ultraviolet-transparent material. | 1. An ultraviolet irradiation device comprising:
a device body configured to emit ultraviolet light from a light emitting portion; a substrate disposed at the light emitting portion, exhibiting transparency to the ultraviolet light, and including a first surface and a second surface facing the first surface; and an elastic member placed on the second surface of the substrate opposite to the first surface located on the device body side and formed of a material having transparency to the ultraviolet light. 2. The ultraviolet irradiation device according to claim 1, further comprising an attachment formed of a frame-shaped member including an opening region and detachably attached to the device body,
wherein the elastic member is fitted into the opening region, and an outer peripheral portion of the elastic member is fixed to the device body via the attachment. 3. The ultraviolet irradiation device according to claim 2, wherein the elastic member has a first surface located on a side closer to the substrate and a second surface opposite to the first surface, and the second surface is disposed projecting opposite to the device body relative to the attachment. 4. The ultraviolet irradiation device according to claim 3, wherein the elastic member has a step portion formed at a position between the first surface and the second surface, and
when the frame-shaped member of the attachment comes into contact with the step portion, the elastic member is fitted into the opening region. 5. The ultraviolet irradiation device according to claim 1, wherein the elastic member has a thickness of 3 mm to 10 mm. 6. The ultraviolet irradiation device according to claim 1, wherein the device body includes an ultraviolet light source. 7. The ultraviolet irradiation device according to claim 1, wherein the elastic member comprises an organic-inorganic hybrid composition (X), and
the organic-inorganic hybrid composition (X) has no phenyl group in its molecule, has only a methyl group in its side chain, and has a skeleton composed of dimethylpolysiloxane having a hydroxy terminal. 8. The ultraviolet irradiation device according to claim 7, wherein the organic-inorganic hybrid composition (X) is a product formed by dehydration-condensation of dimethylpolysiloxane (A), aluminum alkoxide (B), and silicon alkoxide (C). 9. An ultraviolet irradiation method comprising:
placing an elastic member, formed of a material having transparency to ultraviolet light, on a surface of an irradiation target region; and in a state where in a surface of the elastic member, which is opposite to the irradiation target region, in a substrate exhibiting transparency to ultraviolet light and including a first surface and a second surface facing the first surface, the second surface is in contact with the elastic member, applying the ultraviolet light to the first surface and the second surface of the substrate and the irradiation target region via the elastic member. 10. An attachment for use in the ultraviolet irradiation device according to claim 2. 11. An elastic member for use in the ultraviolet irradiation device according to claim 7. | Provided is an ultraviolet irradiation device capable of increasing the irradiance at an affected site (target cells) even when ultraviolet light having the same intensity is emitted. This ultraviolet irradiation device is provided with: a device body configured to be capable of emitting ultraviolet light from a light emission unit; an ultraviolet-transparent substrate disposed on the light emission unit; and an elastic member which is disposed on the surface of the substrate facing away from the device body and made of an ultraviolet-transparent material.1. An ultraviolet irradiation device comprising:
a device body configured to emit ultraviolet light from a light emitting portion; a substrate disposed at the light emitting portion, exhibiting transparency to the ultraviolet light, and including a first surface and a second surface facing the first surface; and an elastic member placed on the second surface of the substrate opposite to the first surface located on the device body side and formed of a material having transparency to the ultraviolet light. 2. The ultraviolet irradiation device according to claim 1, further comprising an attachment formed of a frame-shaped member including an opening region and detachably attached to the device body,
wherein the elastic member is fitted into the opening region, and an outer peripheral portion of the elastic member is fixed to the device body via the attachment. 3. The ultraviolet irradiation device according to claim 2, wherein the elastic member has a first surface located on a side closer to the substrate and a second surface opposite to the first surface, and the second surface is disposed projecting opposite to the device body relative to the attachment. 4. The ultraviolet irradiation device according to claim 3, wherein the elastic member has a step portion formed at a position between the first surface and the second surface, and
when the frame-shaped member of the attachment comes into contact with the step portion, the elastic member is fitted into the opening region. 5. The ultraviolet irradiation device according to claim 1, wherein the elastic member has a thickness of 3 mm to 10 mm. 6. The ultraviolet irradiation device according to claim 1, wherein the device body includes an ultraviolet light source. 7. The ultraviolet irradiation device according to claim 1, wherein the elastic member comprises an organic-inorganic hybrid composition (X), and
the organic-inorganic hybrid composition (X) has no phenyl group in its molecule, has only a methyl group in its side chain, and has a skeleton composed of dimethylpolysiloxane having a hydroxy terminal. 8. The ultraviolet irradiation device according to claim 7, wherein the organic-inorganic hybrid composition (X) is a product formed by dehydration-condensation of dimethylpolysiloxane (A), aluminum alkoxide (B), and silicon alkoxide (C). 9. An ultraviolet irradiation method comprising:
placing an elastic member, formed of a material having transparency to ultraviolet light, on a surface of an irradiation target region; and in a state where in a surface of the elastic member, which is opposite to the irradiation target region, in a substrate exhibiting transparency to ultraviolet light and including a first surface and a second surface facing the first surface, the second surface is in contact with the elastic member, applying the ultraviolet light to the first surface and the second surface of the substrate and the irradiation target region via the elastic member. 10. An attachment for use in the ultraviolet irradiation device according to claim 2. 11. An elastic member for use in the ultraviolet irradiation device according to claim 7. | 1,700 |
349,297 | 350,171 | 16,757,910 | 1,765 | The present invention relates to a harvesting system (11, 12, 13, 14, 24, 28) for harvesting zooplankton or mesopelagic fishes, said system comprising: —an underwater device (1, 4, 7, 16, 23, 29) for being lowered and towed into the sea, said underwater device comprising a housing provided with one or more inlets (30) adapted to receive a zooplankton or mesopelagic fishes-containing fluid, wherein said housing comprises one or more manifolds (2); said underwater device further comprising one or more sources of light (26, 27) facilitating schooling of zooplankton towards an illuminated area; —a fluidic connection (21) fluidically connecting said underwater device to a surface vessel; wherein said one or more inlets are inlets to said one or more manifolds and said one or more manifolds converge into said fluidic connection, wherein said one or more sources of light are located within said one or more inlets. | 1. A harvesting system for harvesting zooplankton or mesopelagic fish, comprising:
an underwater device configured to be lowered and towed into in the sea, said underwater device comprising a housing comprising one or more inlets configured to receive a fluid comprising zooplankton or mesopelagic fish, wherein said housing comprises one or more manifolds; said underwater device further comprising one or more sources of light configured to school the zooplankton towards an illuminated area generated by said one or more sources of light; a fluidic connection fluidically connecting said underwater device to a surface vessel; wherein said one or more inlets are inlets to said one or more manifolds and said one or more manifolds converge into said fluidic connection, and wherein said one or more sources of light are located within said one or more inlets; one or more pumps configured to move said fluid comprising said zooplankton or mesopelagic fish through said one or more inlets towards said surface vessel; and a frame surrounding said underwater device, wherein said frame is configured to protect said underwater device; wherein said pump is located onto said frame surrounding said underwater device. 2-30. (canceled) 31. The harvesting system according to claim 1, wherein said frame surrounding said underwater device is a cage type frame. 32. The harvesting system according to claim 1, wherein said one or more sources of light are LED, said one or more sources of light being fastened to said one of more inlets. 33. The harvesting system according to claim 1, wherein said one or more sources of light are within a predetermined distance from an opening of said one or more inlets. 34. The harvesting system according to claim 1, wherein said one or more inlets comprise a filter configured to separate said zooplankton or mesopelagic fish entering said one or more inlets by size. 35. The harvesting system according to claim 1, wherein said one or more sources of light emit at a predefined wavelength between 400-550 nm. 36. The harvesting system according to claim 1, further comprising an acoustic device configured to identify said zooplankton or mesopelagic fish. 37. The harvesting system according to claim 1, further comprising one or more cameras positioned to capture images of said zooplankton or mesopelagic fish. 38. The harvesting system according to claim 1, further comprising one or more buoyancy adjustment elements for controlling the buoyancy of said underwater device. 39. The harvesting system according to claim 38, wherein said one or more buoyancy adjustment elements are removable elements. 40. The harvesting system according to claim 38, wherein said buoyancy adjustment elements are floats. 41. The harvesting system according to claim 38, wherein said one or more buoyancy adjustment elements are located onto an external surface of said underwater device. 42. The harvesting system according to claim 38, wherein said one or more buoyancy adjustment elements are connected to said underwater device and located at a predefined distance from said underwater device. 43. The harvesting system according to claim 38, wherein said one or more buoyancy adjustment elements are attached to said frame. 44. The harvesting system according to claim 1, wherein said one or more pumps are configured to move said fluid comprising said zooplankton or mesopelagic fish by mechanical action. 45. The harvesting system according to claim 44, wherein said one or of more pumps are subsea pumps. 46. The harvesting system according to claim 44, wherein said one or of more pumps are centrifugal pumps. 47. The harvesting system according to claim 1, wherein said one or more pumps are fastened to said fluidic connection. 48. The harvesting system according to claim 1, wherein said one or more pumps comprise sound damping elements. 49. The harvesting system according to claim 1, further comprising one or more sources of light located underneath said openings of said one or more inlets configured to illuminate the area underneath the underwater device while in operation. | The present invention relates to a harvesting system (11, 12, 13, 14, 24, 28) for harvesting zooplankton or mesopelagic fishes, said system comprising: —an underwater device (1, 4, 7, 16, 23, 29) for being lowered and towed into the sea, said underwater device comprising a housing provided with one or more inlets (30) adapted to receive a zooplankton or mesopelagic fishes-containing fluid, wherein said housing comprises one or more manifolds (2); said underwater device further comprising one or more sources of light (26, 27) facilitating schooling of zooplankton towards an illuminated area; —a fluidic connection (21) fluidically connecting said underwater device to a surface vessel; wherein said one or more inlets are inlets to said one or more manifolds and said one or more manifolds converge into said fluidic connection, wherein said one or more sources of light are located within said one or more inlets.1. A harvesting system for harvesting zooplankton or mesopelagic fish, comprising:
an underwater device configured to be lowered and towed into in the sea, said underwater device comprising a housing comprising one or more inlets configured to receive a fluid comprising zooplankton or mesopelagic fish, wherein said housing comprises one or more manifolds; said underwater device further comprising one or more sources of light configured to school the zooplankton towards an illuminated area generated by said one or more sources of light; a fluidic connection fluidically connecting said underwater device to a surface vessel; wherein said one or more inlets are inlets to said one or more manifolds and said one or more manifolds converge into said fluidic connection, and wherein said one or more sources of light are located within said one or more inlets; one or more pumps configured to move said fluid comprising said zooplankton or mesopelagic fish through said one or more inlets towards said surface vessel; and a frame surrounding said underwater device, wherein said frame is configured to protect said underwater device; wherein said pump is located onto said frame surrounding said underwater device. 2-30. (canceled) 31. The harvesting system according to claim 1, wherein said frame surrounding said underwater device is a cage type frame. 32. The harvesting system according to claim 1, wherein said one or more sources of light are LED, said one or more sources of light being fastened to said one of more inlets. 33. The harvesting system according to claim 1, wherein said one or more sources of light are within a predetermined distance from an opening of said one or more inlets. 34. The harvesting system according to claim 1, wherein said one or more inlets comprise a filter configured to separate said zooplankton or mesopelagic fish entering said one or more inlets by size. 35. The harvesting system according to claim 1, wherein said one or more sources of light emit at a predefined wavelength between 400-550 nm. 36. The harvesting system according to claim 1, further comprising an acoustic device configured to identify said zooplankton or mesopelagic fish. 37. The harvesting system according to claim 1, further comprising one or more cameras positioned to capture images of said zooplankton or mesopelagic fish. 38. The harvesting system according to claim 1, further comprising one or more buoyancy adjustment elements for controlling the buoyancy of said underwater device. 39. The harvesting system according to claim 38, wherein said one or more buoyancy adjustment elements are removable elements. 40. The harvesting system according to claim 38, wherein said buoyancy adjustment elements are floats. 41. The harvesting system according to claim 38, wherein said one or more buoyancy adjustment elements are located onto an external surface of said underwater device. 42. The harvesting system according to claim 38, wherein said one or more buoyancy adjustment elements are connected to said underwater device and located at a predefined distance from said underwater device. 43. The harvesting system according to claim 38, wherein said one or more buoyancy adjustment elements are attached to said frame. 44. The harvesting system according to claim 1, wherein said one or more pumps are configured to move said fluid comprising said zooplankton or mesopelagic fish by mechanical action. 45. The harvesting system according to claim 44, wherein said one or of more pumps are subsea pumps. 46. The harvesting system according to claim 44, wherein said one or of more pumps are centrifugal pumps. 47. The harvesting system according to claim 1, wherein said one or more pumps are fastened to said fluidic connection. 48. The harvesting system according to claim 1, wherein said one or more pumps comprise sound damping elements. 49. The harvesting system according to claim 1, further comprising one or more sources of light located underneath said openings of said one or more inlets configured to illuminate the area underneath the underwater device while in operation. | 1,700 |
349,298 | 350,172 | 16,757,959 | 1,765 | This disclosure provides ALK7-binding proteins such as anti-ALK7 antibodies, and compositions and methods for making the ALK7-binding proteins. In certain embodiments the ALK7-binding proteins inhibit, or antagonize ALK7 activity. In addition, the disclosure provides compositions and methods for diagnosing and treating overweight, obesity, diabetes, overweight, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and their associated conditions; metabolic disorders, and other diseases or conditions that can be treated, prevented or ameliorated by targeting ALK7. | 1. An Activin Receptor-Like Kinase 7 (ALK7)-binding protein that specifically binds at least one primary epitope of an ALK7 protein, wherein the at least one primary epitope is essentially the same as an epitope selected from SEQ ID NOs:310, 313, and 317. 2. The ALK7-binding protein of claim 1, further specifically binds at least one conformational epitope of an ALK7 protein, wherein the at least one conformational epitope is essentially the same as an epitope selected from SEQ ID NOs:311, 312, 314, 315, 316, 318, and 319. 3. (canceled) 4. The ALK7-binding protein of claim 1, comprising a set of CDRs: VH-CDR1, VH-CDR2, VH-CDR3, VL-CDR1, VL-CDR2 and VL-CDR3, wherein the CDRs are from a heavy chain variable region (VH) and a light chain variable region (VL) pair selected from:
(a) (i) a VH sequence of SEQ ID NO:117, and
(ii) a VL sequence of SEQ ID NO:124;
(b) (i) a VH sequence of SEQ ID NO:105, and
(ii) a VL sequence of SEQ ID NO:110;
(c) (i) a VH sequence of SEQ ID NO:128, and
(ii) a VL sequence of SEQ ID NO:135;
(d) (i) a VH sequence of SEQ ID NO:140, and
(ii) a VL sequence of SEQ ID NO:148;
(e) (i) a VH sequence of SEQ ID NO:91, and
(ii) a VL sequence of SEQ ID NO:98;
(f) (i) a VH sequence of SEQ ID NO:4, and
(ii) a VL sequence of SEQ ID NO:13;
(g) (i) a VH sequence of SEQ ID NO:152, and
(ii) a VL sequence of SEQ ID NO:98;
(h) (i) a VH sequence of SEQ ID NO:159, and
(ii) a VL sequence of SEQ ID NO:110;
(i) (i) a VH sequence of SEQ ID NO:165, and
(ii) a VL sequence of SEQ ID NO:171;
(j) (i) a VH sequence of SEQ ID NO:22, and
(ii) a VL sequence of SEQ ID NO:31;
(k) (i) a VH sequence of SEQ ID NO:40, and
(ii) a VL sequence of SEQ ID NO:49; and
(l) (i) a VH sequence of SEQ ID NO:58, and
(ii) a VL sequence of SEQ ID NO:67,
wherein the protein binds to ALK7. 5. (canceled) 6. The ALK7-binding protein of claim 1, comprising a set of CDRs in which:
(a) (i) VH-CDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:114;
(ii) VH-CDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:115;
(iii) VH-CDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:116;
(iv) VL-CDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:121;
(v) VL-CDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:122; and
(vi) VL-CDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:123;
(b) (i) VH-CDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:102;
(ii) VH-CDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:103;
(iii) VH-CDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:104;
(iv) VL-CDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:107;
(v) VL-CDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:108; and
(vi) VL-CDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:109;
(c) (i) VH-CDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:125;
(ii) VH-CDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:126;
(iii) VH-CDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:127;
(iv) VL-CDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:132;
(v) VL-CDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:133; and
(vi) VL-CDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:134;
(d) (i) VH-CDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:137;
(ii) VH-CDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:138;
(iii) VH-CDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:139;
(iv) VL-CDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:145;
(v) VL-CDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:146; and
(vi) VL-CDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:147;
(e) (i) VH-CDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:88;
(ii) VH-CDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:89;
(iii) VH-CDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:90;
(iv) VL-CDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:95;
(v) VL-CDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:96; and
(vi) VL-CDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:97;
(g) (i) VH-CDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:37;
(ii) VH-CDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:56;
(iii) VH-CDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:90;
(iv) VL-CDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:95;
(v) VL-CDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:96; and
(vi) VL-CDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:97;
(h) (i) VH-CDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:156;
(ii) VH-CDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:157;
(iii) VH-CDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:104;
(iv) VL-CDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:107;
(v) VL-CDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:108; and
(vi) VL-CDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:109;
(h) (i) VH-CDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1;
(ii) VH-CDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:163;
(iii) VH-CDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:164;
(iv) VL-CDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:167;
(v) VL-CDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:168; and
(vi) VL-CDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:169;
(i) (i) VH-CDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1;
(ii) VH-CDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2;
(iii) VH-CDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:3;
(iv) VL-CDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:10;
(v) VL-CDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:11; and
(vi) VL-CDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:12;
(j) (i) VH-CDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:19;
(ii) VH-CDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:20;
(iii) VH-CDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:21;
(iv) VL-CDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:28;
(v) VL-CDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:29; and
(vi) VL-CDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:30;
(k) (i) VH-CDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:37;
(ii) VH-CDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:38;
(iii) VH-CDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:39;
(iv) VL-CDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:46;
(v) VL-CDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:47; and
(vi) VL-CDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:48; or
(l) (i) VH-CDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:55;
(ii) VH-CDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:56;
(iii) VH-CDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:57;
(iv) VL-CDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:64;
(v) VL-CDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:65; and
(vi) VL-CDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:66,
wherein the protein binds ALK7. 7. (canceled) 8. The ALK7-binding protein of claim 1, wherein the VH and VL pair is selected from:
(a) a VH sequence of SEQ ID NO:117 and a VL sequence of SEQ ID NO:124; (b) a VH sequence of SEQ ID NO:105 and a VL sequence of SEQ ID NO:110; (c) a VH sequence of SEQ ID NO:128 and a VL sequence of SEQ ID NO:135; (d) a VH sequence of SEQ ID NO:140 and a VL sequence of SEQ ID NO:148; (e) a VH sequence of SEQ ID NO:91 and a VL sequence of SEQ ID NO:98; (f) a VH sequence of SEQ ID NO:152 and a VL sequence of SEQ ID NO:98; (g) a VH sequence of SEQ ID NO:159 and a VL sequence of SEQ ID NO:110; (h) a VH sequence of SEQ ID NO:165, and a VL sequence of SEQ ID NO:171; (i) a VH sequence of SEQ ID NO:4 and a VL sequence of SEQ ID NO:13; (j) a VH sequence of SEQ ID NO:22 and a VL sequence of SEQ ID NO:31; (k) a VH sequence of SEQ ID NO:40, and a VL sequence of SEQ ID NO:49; and (l) a VH sequence of SEQ ID NO:58 and a VL sequence of SEQ ID NO:67, wherein the protein binds ALK7. 9. (canceled) 10. The ALK7-binding protein of claim 1, comprising a HC and LC pair selected from:
(a) (i) a HC having at least 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:190 or 320, and
(ii) a LC having at least 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:191 or 322; and
(b) (i) a HC having at least 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:192 or 324, and
(ii) a LC having at least 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:193 or 326,
wherein the protein binds ALK7. 11. The ALK7-binding protein of claim 1, comprising a HC and LC pair selected from:
(a) (i) a HC having at least 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:194 or 328, and
(ii) a LC having at least 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:191 or 322; and
(b) (i) a HC having at least 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:195 or 330, and
(ii) a LC having at least 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:193 or 326,
wherein the protein binds ALK7. 12. The ALK7-binding protein of claim 1, comprising a HC and LC pair selected from:
(a) (i) a HC having at least 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:196 or 332, and
(ii) a LC having at least 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:191 or 322; and
(b) (i) a HC having at least 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:197 or 334, and
(ii) a LC having at least 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:193 or 326,
wherein the protein binds ALK7. 13. An ALK7-binding protein that binds an overlapping epitope on ALK7, wherein the overlapping epitope shares at least one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, or more identical amino acid residues with the epitopes set forth in SEQ ID NOs:310-319. 14. An ALK7-binding protein which cross-blocks or competes for binding to ALK7 with the ALK7-binding protein according to claim 1. 15-33. (canceled) 34. An nucleic acid molecule or set of nucleic acid molecules encoding an ALK7-binding protein according to claim 1. 35. (canceled) 36. A polynucleotide or cDNA molecule sufficient for use as a hybridization probe, PCR primer or sequencing primer that is a fragment of the nucleic acid molecule or set of nucleic acid molecules of claim 34, or its complement. 37. (canceled) 38. A vector comprising the nucleic acid molecule according to claim 34. 39. A host cell comprising the nucleic acid molecule of claim 34. 40-41. (canceled) 42. A method of making the ALK7-binding protein of claim 1, comprising culturing a host cell under suitable conditions for producing the ALK7-binding protein. 43. (canceled) 44. An ALK7-binding protein produced using the method of claim 42. 45. A pharmaceutical composition comprising an ALK7-binding protein according to claim 1 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 46-50. (canceled) 51. A method for treating and/or ameliorating a disease or condition associated with ALK7 expression or elevated ALK7-mediated signaling in a subject, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a composition comprising an ALK7-binding protein of claim 1. 52-53. (canceled) 54. A method of reducing ALK7 activity in a subject comprising administering an effective amount of an ALK7-binding protein according to claim 1. 55. A method for treating and/or ameliorating Prader-Willi syndrome, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a composition comprising an ALK7-binding protein of claim 1. | This disclosure provides ALK7-binding proteins such as anti-ALK7 antibodies, and compositions and methods for making the ALK7-binding proteins. In certain embodiments the ALK7-binding proteins inhibit, or antagonize ALK7 activity. In addition, the disclosure provides compositions and methods for diagnosing and treating overweight, obesity, diabetes, overweight, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and their associated conditions; metabolic disorders, and other diseases or conditions that can be treated, prevented or ameliorated by targeting ALK7.1. An Activin Receptor-Like Kinase 7 (ALK7)-binding protein that specifically binds at least one primary epitope of an ALK7 protein, wherein the at least one primary epitope is essentially the same as an epitope selected from SEQ ID NOs:310, 313, and 317. 2. The ALK7-binding protein of claim 1, further specifically binds at least one conformational epitope of an ALK7 protein, wherein the at least one conformational epitope is essentially the same as an epitope selected from SEQ ID NOs:311, 312, 314, 315, 316, 318, and 319. 3. (canceled) 4. The ALK7-binding protein of claim 1, comprising a set of CDRs: VH-CDR1, VH-CDR2, VH-CDR3, VL-CDR1, VL-CDR2 and VL-CDR3, wherein the CDRs are from a heavy chain variable region (VH) and a light chain variable region (VL) pair selected from:
(a) (i) a VH sequence of SEQ ID NO:117, and
(ii) a VL sequence of SEQ ID NO:124;
(b) (i) a VH sequence of SEQ ID NO:105, and
(ii) a VL sequence of SEQ ID NO:110;
(c) (i) a VH sequence of SEQ ID NO:128, and
(ii) a VL sequence of SEQ ID NO:135;
(d) (i) a VH sequence of SEQ ID NO:140, and
(ii) a VL sequence of SEQ ID NO:148;
(e) (i) a VH sequence of SEQ ID NO:91, and
(ii) a VL sequence of SEQ ID NO:98;
(f) (i) a VH sequence of SEQ ID NO:4, and
(ii) a VL sequence of SEQ ID NO:13;
(g) (i) a VH sequence of SEQ ID NO:152, and
(ii) a VL sequence of SEQ ID NO:98;
(h) (i) a VH sequence of SEQ ID NO:159, and
(ii) a VL sequence of SEQ ID NO:110;
(i) (i) a VH sequence of SEQ ID NO:165, and
(ii) a VL sequence of SEQ ID NO:171;
(j) (i) a VH sequence of SEQ ID NO:22, and
(ii) a VL sequence of SEQ ID NO:31;
(k) (i) a VH sequence of SEQ ID NO:40, and
(ii) a VL sequence of SEQ ID NO:49; and
(l) (i) a VH sequence of SEQ ID NO:58, and
(ii) a VL sequence of SEQ ID NO:67,
wherein the protein binds to ALK7. 5. (canceled) 6. The ALK7-binding protein of claim 1, comprising a set of CDRs in which:
(a) (i) VH-CDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:114;
(ii) VH-CDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:115;
(iii) VH-CDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:116;
(iv) VL-CDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:121;
(v) VL-CDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:122; and
(vi) VL-CDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:123;
(b) (i) VH-CDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:102;
(ii) VH-CDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:103;
(iii) VH-CDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:104;
(iv) VL-CDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:107;
(v) VL-CDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:108; and
(vi) VL-CDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:109;
(c) (i) VH-CDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:125;
(ii) VH-CDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:126;
(iii) VH-CDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:127;
(iv) VL-CDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:132;
(v) VL-CDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:133; and
(vi) VL-CDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:134;
(d) (i) VH-CDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:137;
(ii) VH-CDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:138;
(iii) VH-CDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:139;
(iv) VL-CDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:145;
(v) VL-CDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:146; and
(vi) VL-CDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:147;
(e) (i) VH-CDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:88;
(ii) VH-CDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:89;
(iii) VH-CDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:90;
(iv) VL-CDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:95;
(v) VL-CDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:96; and
(vi) VL-CDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:97;
(g) (i) VH-CDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:37;
(ii) VH-CDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:56;
(iii) VH-CDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:90;
(iv) VL-CDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:95;
(v) VL-CDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:96; and
(vi) VL-CDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:97;
(h) (i) VH-CDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:156;
(ii) VH-CDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:157;
(iii) VH-CDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:104;
(iv) VL-CDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:107;
(v) VL-CDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:108; and
(vi) VL-CDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:109;
(h) (i) VH-CDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1;
(ii) VH-CDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:163;
(iii) VH-CDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:164;
(iv) VL-CDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:167;
(v) VL-CDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:168; and
(vi) VL-CDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:169;
(i) (i) VH-CDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1;
(ii) VH-CDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2;
(iii) VH-CDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:3;
(iv) VL-CDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:10;
(v) VL-CDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:11; and
(vi) VL-CDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:12;
(j) (i) VH-CDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:19;
(ii) VH-CDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:20;
(iii) VH-CDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:21;
(iv) VL-CDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:28;
(v) VL-CDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:29; and
(vi) VL-CDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:30;
(k) (i) VH-CDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:37;
(ii) VH-CDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:38;
(iii) VH-CDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:39;
(iv) VL-CDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:46;
(v) VL-CDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:47; and
(vi) VL-CDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:48; or
(l) (i) VH-CDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:55;
(ii) VH-CDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:56;
(iii) VH-CDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:57;
(iv) VL-CDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:64;
(v) VL-CDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:65; and
(vi) VL-CDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:66,
wherein the protein binds ALK7. 7. (canceled) 8. The ALK7-binding protein of claim 1, wherein the VH and VL pair is selected from:
(a) a VH sequence of SEQ ID NO:117 and a VL sequence of SEQ ID NO:124; (b) a VH sequence of SEQ ID NO:105 and a VL sequence of SEQ ID NO:110; (c) a VH sequence of SEQ ID NO:128 and a VL sequence of SEQ ID NO:135; (d) a VH sequence of SEQ ID NO:140 and a VL sequence of SEQ ID NO:148; (e) a VH sequence of SEQ ID NO:91 and a VL sequence of SEQ ID NO:98; (f) a VH sequence of SEQ ID NO:152 and a VL sequence of SEQ ID NO:98; (g) a VH sequence of SEQ ID NO:159 and a VL sequence of SEQ ID NO:110; (h) a VH sequence of SEQ ID NO:165, and a VL sequence of SEQ ID NO:171; (i) a VH sequence of SEQ ID NO:4 and a VL sequence of SEQ ID NO:13; (j) a VH sequence of SEQ ID NO:22 and a VL sequence of SEQ ID NO:31; (k) a VH sequence of SEQ ID NO:40, and a VL sequence of SEQ ID NO:49; and (l) a VH sequence of SEQ ID NO:58 and a VL sequence of SEQ ID NO:67, wherein the protein binds ALK7. 9. (canceled) 10. The ALK7-binding protein of claim 1, comprising a HC and LC pair selected from:
(a) (i) a HC having at least 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:190 or 320, and
(ii) a LC having at least 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:191 or 322; and
(b) (i) a HC having at least 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:192 or 324, and
(ii) a LC having at least 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:193 or 326,
wherein the protein binds ALK7. 11. The ALK7-binding protein of claim 1, comprising a HC and LC pair selected from:
(a) (i) a HC having at least 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:194 or 328, and
(ii) a LC having at least 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:191 or 322; and
(b) (i) a HC having at least 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:195 or 330, and
(ii) a LC having at least 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:193 or 326,
wherein the protein binds ALK7. 12. The ALK7-binding protein of claim 1, comprising a HC and LC pair selected from:
(a) (i) a HC having at least 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:196 or 332, and
(ii) a LC having at least 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:191 or 322; and
(b) (i) a HC having at least 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:197 or 334, and
(ii) a LC having at least 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:193 or 326,
wherein the protein binds ALK7. 13. An ALK7-binding protein that binds an overlapping epitope on ALK7, wherein the overlapping epitope shares at least one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, or more identical amino acid residues with the epitopes set forth in SEQ ID NOs:310-319. 14. An ALK7-binding protein which cross-blocks or competes for binding to ALK7 with the ALK7-binding protein according to claim 1. 15-33. (canceled) 34. An nucleic acid molecule or set of nucleic acid molecules encoding an ALK7-binding protein according to claim 1. 35. (canceled) 36. A polynucleotide or cDNA molecule sufficient for use as a hybridization probe, PCR primer or sequencing primer that is a fragment of the nucleic acid molecule or set of nucleic acid molecules of claim 34, or its complement. 37. (canceled) 38. A vector comprising the nucleic acid molecule according to claim 34. 39. A host cell comprising the nucleic acid molecule of claim 34. 40-41. (canceled) 42. A method of making the ALK7-binding protein of claim 1, comprising culturing a host cell under suitable conditions for producing the ALK7-binding protein. 43. (canceled) 44. An ALK7-binding protein produced using the method of claim 42. 45. A pharmaceutical composition comprising an ALK7-binding protein according to claim 1 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 46-50. (canceled) 51. A method for treating and/or ameliorating a disease or condition associated with ALK7 expression or elevated ALK7-mediated signaling in a subject, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a composition comprising an ALK7-binding protein of claim 1. 52-53. (canceled) 54. A method of reducing ALK7 activity in a subject comprising administering an effective amount of an ALK7-binding protein according to claim 1. 55. A method for treating and/or ameliorating Prader-Willi syndrome, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a composition comprising an ALK7-binding protein of claim 1. | 1,700 |
349,299 | 350,173 | 16,757,990 | 1,765 | Provided is an organic light-emitting diode comprising: a positive electrode; a negative electrode provided to face the positive electrode; a light-emitting layer provided between the positive electrode and the negative electrode; a hole adjusting layer having one or more layers provided between the positive electrode and the light-emitting layer, in which one or more layers of the hole adjusting layers includes at least one compound of Formulae 1 or Formula 2, and the light-emitting layer includes a compound of Formula 3: | 1. An organic light emitting diode comprising:
a positive electrode; a negative electrode disposed to face the positive electrode; a light emitting layer provided between the positive electrode and the negative electrode; and a hole adjusting layer having one or more layers provided between the positive electrode and the light emitting layer, wherein one or more layers in the hole adjusting layer comprise at least one compound selected from among the following Formulae 1 and 2, and the light emitting layer comprises a compound of the following Formula 3: 2. The organic light emitting diode of claim 1, wherein the organic light emitting diode further comprises a hole transport layer provided between the positive electrode and the hole adjusting layer, and the hole transport layer and the hole adjusting layer are provided to be brought into contact with each other. 3. The organic light emitting diode of claim 1, wherein the hole adjusting layer and the light emitting layer are provided to be brought into contact with each other. 4. The organic light emitting diode of claim 1, wherein the hole adjusting layer has one layer to three layers, when the hole adjusting layer has one layer, the hole adjusting layer comprises a compound of Formula 1 or 2, and when the hole adjusting layer has two layers or three layers, any one hole adjusting layer comprises at least one compound of Formulae 1 and/or 2. 5. The organic light emitting diode of claim 1, wherein a compound of Formula 3 is included as a host of a light emitting layer. 6. The organic light emitting diode of claim 1, wherein Formula 1 is any one of the following Formulae 1-1 to 1-3: 7. The organic light emitting diode of claim 1, wherein Formula 2 is any one of the following Formulae 2-1 to 2-4: 8. The organic light emitting diode of claim 1, wherein Formula 3 is any one of the following Formulae 3-1 to 3-6: 9. The organic light emitting diode of claim 1, wherein L1 to L7 are the same as or different from each other, and are each independently a direct bond, or an arylene group that is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group and an aryl group. 10. The organic light emitting diode of claim 1, wherein Ar1 to Ar6 are the same as or different from each other, and are each independently an aryl group that is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group and an aryl group, or a heteroaryl group that is unsubstituted or substituted with an aryl group. 11. The organic light emitting diode of claim 1, wherein R1 to R8 are the same as or different from each other, and are each independently hydrogen, an alkyl group, or an aryl group. 12. The organic light emitting diode of claim 1, wherein the compound of Formula 1 is selected from among the following compounds: 13. The organic light emitting diode of claim 1, wherein the compound of Formula 2 is selected from among the following compounds: 14. The organic light emitting diode of claim 1, wherein the compound of Formula 3 is selected from among the following compounds: | Provided is an organic light-emitting diode comprising: a positive electrode; a negative electrode provided to face the positive electrode; a light-emitting layer provided between the positive electrode and the negative electrode; a hole adjusting layer having one or more layers provided between the positive electrode and the light-emitting layer, in which one or more layers of the hole adjusting layers includes at least one compound of Formulae 1 or Formula 2, and the light-emitting layer includes a compound of Formula 3:1. An organic light emitting diode comprising:
a positive electrode; a negative electrode disposed to face the positive electrode; a light emitting layer provided between the positive electrode and the negative electrode; and a hole adjusting layer having one or more layers provided between the positive electrode and the light emitting layer, wherein one or more layers in the hole adjusting layer comprise at least one compound selected from among the following Formulae 1 and 2, and the light emitting layer comprises a compound of the following Formula 3: 2. The organic light emitting diode of claim 1, wherein the organic light emitting diode further comprises a hole transport layer provided between the positive electrode and the hole adjusting layer, and the hole transport layer and the hole adjusting layer are provided to be brought into contact with each other. 3. The organic light emitting diode of claim 1, wherein the hole adjusting layer and the light emitting layer are provided to be brought into contact with each other. 4. The organic light emitting diode of claim 1, wherein the hole adjusting layer has one layer to three layers, when the hole adjusting layer has one layer, the hole adjusting layer comprises a compound of Formula 1 or 2, and when the hole adjusting layer has two layers or three layers, any one hole adjusting layer comprises at least one compound of Formulae 1 and/or 2. 5. The organic light emitting diode of claim 1, wherein a compound of Formula 3 is included as a host of a light emitting layer. 6. The organic light emitting diode of claim 1, wherein Formula 1 is any one of the following Formulae 1-1 to 1-3: 7. The organic light emitting diode of claim 1, wherein Formula 2 is any one of the following Formulae 2-1 to 2-4: 8. The organic light emitting diode of claim 1, wherein Formula 3 is any one of the following Formulae 3-1 to 3-6: 9. The organic light emitting diode of claim 1, wherein L1 to L7 are the same as or different from each other, and are each independently a direct bond, or an arylene group that is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group and an aryl group. 10. The organic light emitting diode of claim 1, wherein Ar1 to Ar6 are the same as or different from each other, and are each independently an aryl group that is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group and an aryl group, or a heteroaryl group that is unsubstituted or substituted with an aryl group. 11. The organic light emitting diode of claim 1, wherein R1 to R8 are the same as or different from each other, and are each independently hydrogen, an alkyl group, or an aryl group. 12. The organic light emitting diode of claim 1, wherein the compound of Formula 1 is selected from among the following compounds: 13. The organic light emitting diode of claim 1, wherein the compound of Formula 2 is selected from among the following compounds: 14. The organic light emitting diode of claim 1, wherein the compound of Formula 3 is selected from among the following compounds: | 1,700 |
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