[{"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230327144122/https://www.vishvasnews.com/english/viral/fact-check-news-of-couple-clearing-ias-exam-is-six-years-old-shared-with-misleading-claim/", "date": "2023-03-17", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The article was dated 1 June 2017. So they passed before that date.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230327144122/https://www.pressreader.com/india/hindustan-times-lucknow/20170601/281513636113097", "source_medium": "Web text"}, {"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "Both names appear on the 2016 list of people who passed.", "source_url": "https://upsc.gov.in/sites/default/files/FR_CSM_16_Engl_N.pdf", "source_medium": "PDF"}], "question": "When did Dr Yogesh Kumar and Dr Avlokita Ashok  pass the IAS civil exam?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim that the couple passed the IAS examination in 2023 is successfully refuted because the evidence shows that both names were on a list of those who passed in 2016 and that the article was dated in 2017 - both occurring long before 2023. ", "claim_text": "A couple in India has recently passed the IAS examination together. ", "claim_images": ["6786bb7e401b0522f02b66e1#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Ashish Yt", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://perma.cc/ND8H-PE99", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Keyword Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": [], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230330053504/https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2023/01/fact-check-these-inauguration-photos-do-not-accurately-compare-popularity-of-trump-and-biden.html", "date": "2023-01-23", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "1/20/2021", "source_url": "https://historyinpieces.com/research/presidential-inauguration-dates", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What date was President Joe Biden's inaugural ceremony?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "1/20/2017", "source_url": "https://historyinpieces.com/research/presidential-inauguration-dates", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What date was President Donald Trump's inaugural ceremony?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The National Mall that is usually teeming with spectators was mostly empty due to heightened security measures put in place following the recent insurrection and Covid-19 restrictions. In their place, 200,000 small flags were planted on the Mall to represent the number of Americans who couldn\u2019t attend the inauguration. On the steps of the Capitol, dignitaries and lawmakers wore masks and were spaced six feet apart.", "source_url": "https://www.vox.com/22240601/joe-biden-president-inauguration-day-in-photos", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Were covid measures in place during Joe Biden's inaugural ceremony?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim that an adequate comparison can be made regarding popularity by viewing the photos is successfully refuted because evidence shows that restrictions on attendance were in place due to Covid during the Biden inaugural.", "claim_text": "Photos from former President Donald Trump's and President Joe Biden's inaugural ceremonies represent an adequate comparison between the respective popularity of the two presidents.", "claim_images": ["6787898ce2f02e5f49812d00#CLAIM#0.jpg", "6787898ce2f02e5f49812d00#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "jackmposobiec", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://www.instagram.com/p/CnuAyhAueVS/", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Numerical Comparison"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230512150508/https://www.boomlive.in/fact-check/politics/2016-image-of-mehbooba-mufti-participating-in-kheer-bhawani-durga-temple-rituals-kashmir-shared-with-misleading-claims-21155", "date": "2023-02-19", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["6787903de2f02e5f49813736#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": " Jun 12, 2016", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230413071142/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/mehbooba-mufti-visits-kheer-bhawani-mela-meets-kashmiri-pandits-1418167", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the photo first reported? ", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "19/02/2023", "source_url": "Metadata", "source_medium": "Metadata"}], "question": "When was this claim made? ", "answer_method": "Metadata", "question_type": ["Metadata-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": " August 07, 2019", "source_url": "https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/president-declares-abrogation-of-provisions-of-article-370/article28842850.ece", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the abrogation of Article 370 declared? ", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim that Mufti is shown after the abrogation of Article 370 is successfully refuted since abrogation occurred on 8/7/19 and the image was captured on 6/12/16, prior to abrogation.", "claim_text": "The image shows Mehbooba Mufti, former Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir, offering puja at a temple after the abrogation of Article 370.", "claim_images": ["6787903de2f02e5f49813736#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@idineshdesai", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230221052846/https://twitter.com/idineshdesai/status/1627282171659714560", "reporting_source": "twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search", "Fact-checker Reference"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230505014524/https://fullfact.org/online/france-protest-not-about-macron/", "date": "2023-04-29", "label": "Refuted", "location": "FR", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "French unions on Thursday, March 23, staged a new day of disruption against President Emmanuel Macron's pension reform after he defiantly vowed to implement the change, with protests turning violent in Paris and other cities in a confrontation that shows showed no sign of abating.\n\n", "source_url": "https://www.lemonde.fr/en/france/article/2023/03/23/strikes-and-protests-underway-across-france-against-macron-s-pension-reform_6020420_7.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What date were the protests in France against President Emmanuel Macron and pension reforms?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["6787969ae2f02e5f49814d96#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The Champs-Elys\u00e9es, invaded by the crowd, after France's victory against Croatia (4-2) in the final of the 2018 Football World Cup, in Russia, on July 15, 2018.", "source_url": "https://www.liberation.fr/checknews/pass-sanitaire-une-photo-montre-t-elle-vraiment-les-champs-elysees-envahis-par-la-foule-lors-de-la-manif-du-24-juillet-20210726_KPOLZJEGDJEHZMUBMSKESKKO6A/fin-de-vie/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What location is in this photo?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim that the image shows a protest against Macron is successfuly refuted with evidence that it depicts a 2018 French World Cup celebration, long before 2023 protests against Macron's policies.", "claim_text": "An image shows millions of people protesting in France against \u201cWEF globalist puppet\u201d President Emmanuel Macron.", "claim_images": ["6787969ae2f02e5f49814d96#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@dave_tubb3", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230501151050/https://twitter.com/dave_tubb3/status/1652782021897342976", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Media Source Discovery", "Fact-checker Reference"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230216104751/https://www.vishvasnews.com/english/viral/fact-check-no-this-picture-is-not-of-bullet-trains-in-gujarat/", "date": "2022-12-07", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67879cb8e2f02e5f4981534a#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Wuhan, Wuhan, China", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230329123336/https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-wuhan-wuhan-china-1st-feb-2018-wuhan-china-1st-february-2018-high-173286515.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where was this image taken?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67879cb8e2f02e5f4981534a#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "Image was taken on the 1st of February, 2018.  ", "source_url": "https://www.gettyimages.it/detail/fotografie-di-cronaca/feb-1-2018-high-speed-trains-wait-to-be-fotografie-di-cronaca/913138212", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What date was this image originally taken? ", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim that the bullet trains are in Gujarat, India is successfully refuted because evidence from 2018 shows they are in Wuhan, China.", "claim_text": "Image shows bullet trains lined up in Gujarat", "claim_images": ["67879cb8e2f02e5f4981534a#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Voice of Maharashtra", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230516213625/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2023/04/14/fact-check-viral-claim-misrepresents-bus-fire-ev-malfunction/11652591002/", "date": "2023-04-08", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Unanswerable", "answer_text": "No answer could be found."}], "question": "Are there any reports of fires on electric buses in April 2023?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67879e57e2f02e5f4981556a#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "A massive fire in an industrial area of Compton engulfed piles of wooden pallets Friday and spread to a mattress factory and multiple buses in an adjacent bus yard but was kept from spreading to a nearby apartment building.", "source_url": "https://www.dailynews.com/2021/02/26/large-wood-pallet-fire-in-compton-spreads-to-nearby-bus-yard/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where is the location in the image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim that the buses burst into flames without warning is successfully refuted because reliable evidence shows that the fire originated in piles of wooden pallets and spread to a mattress factory, and eventually to the buses in the image.", "claim_text": "Image shows electric buses that 'burst into flames without warning'.", "claim_images": ["67879e57e2f02e5f4981556a#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67879e57e2f02e5f4981556a#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@wideawake_media", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230516064832/https://twitter.com/wideawake_media/status/1645018271903629312", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Fact-checker Reference"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230203012652/https://fullfact.org/online/mine-worker-zero-body-fat/", "date": "2023-01-03", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "4%", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230223224737/https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8002550/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the lowest possible pecentage of body fat a man can reach?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67882fade2f02e5f4981f49d#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Helmut Strebl.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230124194117/https://www.hellestrebl.co.uk/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is the man in the image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67882fade2f02e5f4981f49d#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The photo comes from a photo shoot of Helmut Strebl in various poses.", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/shredded.union/posts/the-most-shredded-man-alive-helmut-strebl/1914839001880503/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where does the image originate from?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "His body fat is around 4% at peak level.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230130233803/https://simplyshredded.com/helmut.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What has Helmut Strebl stated about his body fat level?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Fat is an organ, and your body needs a certain amount to function. Without fat reserves, your immune system takes a battering, testosterone levels tank and your metabolism stutters. Dip below 5% and you risk nervous system damage and brittle bones. At best.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230129015023/https://www.menshealth.com/uk/fitness/a40752081/is-single-digit-body-fat-healthy/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What are the consequences of having low body fat?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230203012652/https://www.hellestrebl.co.uk/", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Helmut Strebl is Supreme Fitness Model. He is wearing a safety helmet and gloves in an industrial setting for one of his photo shoots. "}], "question": "Is the man in the image a miner?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "Based on evidence, the man in the image is Helmut Strebl. He is not a miner but a Supreme Fitness Model. In the image he is wearing a safety helmet and gloves in an industrial setting for one of his photo shoots. Also, he has stated that his body fat is around 4% at peak level. Moreover, based on QA pair, the lowest possible percentage of body fat a man can reach is 4%.", "claim_text": "A post on Instagram shows an image of a mine worker with 0% Body Fat.\n\n", "claim_images": ["67882fade2f02e5f4981f49d#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "fitnessfocuspros", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://www.instagram.com/p/Cm93JQtD3ms/?utm_source=ig_embed&ig_rid=6169d1ce-272c-4a66-99fd-7d5908edcc61", "reporting_source": "Instagram", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240614095240/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.33872ZF", "date": "2023-01-12", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": " May 26, 2016", "source_url": "https://archive.ph/r7Yek#selection-1369.9-1369.22", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was this accident reported?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "12/01/2023", "source_url": "Metadata", "source_medium": "Metadata"}], "question": "When was this claim made?", "answer_method": "Metadata", "question_type": ["Metadata-related"]}, {"input_images": ["6788dd04e2f02e5f49821f5f#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The name of the woman in the image is Taylor.", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/853A-L7SW", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the name of the woman in the image? ", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["6788dd04e2f02e5f49821f5f#INPUT#3#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Taylor Carlton 16, rests in a coma at a Dixie Regional Medical Center after suffering injuries from a deadly car crash Sunday.", "source_url": "https://www.thespectrum.com/story/news/2016/05/26/teen-critical-condition-after-car-crash/84993458/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What happened to the woman  in the image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "Based on evidence, the person in the photo is Taylor Carlton who was resting in a coma at a Dixie Regional Medical Center after suffering injuries from a deadly car crash.", "claim_text": "picture shows a woman in a hospital bed who was brutally mugged.", "claim_images": ["6788dd04e2f02e5f49821f5f#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Community updates", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://rejouer.perma.cc/replay-web-page/w/id-879d950b53d3/im_/https://scontent-atl3-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/324196249_703201811469215_2757640670447650281_n.jpg?stp=dst-jpg_p526x296&_nc_cat=109&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=5cd70e&_nc_ohc=LUALH2JFv8EAX-5x5rJ&_nc_oc=AQkV0feepxu6XDpiubp_F6NBrBVU2R7ehKLicx-CwCuhB7tM-PcRFXvA2QFJoEkcG68&_nc_ht=scontent-atl3-1.xx&oh=00_AfB6xt6ZK6UDPMylglu3xDbjYEQZDNlQu6-aQ91dulCglQ&oe=63D3DEBC", "original_claim_url": "https://perma.cc/3WHA-D5C6", "reporting_source": "Facebook user post", "claim_types": ["Causal Claim", "Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524120332/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.33D24KN", "date": "2023-04-09", "label": "Refuted", "location": "DE", "questions": [{"input_images": ["6788e5b4e2f02e5f4982291c#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The image, a snapshot from a video at the 0:43 second mark, was taken in Brazil.", "source_url": "https://x.com/jairbolsonaro/status/1403782495691214855", "source_medium": "Video"}], "question": "Where was this image taken? ", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["6788e5b4e2f02e5f4982291c#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "S\u00e3o Paulo biker rally", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/2HN7-32K6", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What was this biker event about? ", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["6788e5b4e2f02e5f4982291c#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "2021", "source_url": "https://x.com/jairbolsonaro/status/1403782495691214855", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What year did this S\u00e3o Paulo biker rally take place? ", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "09/04/2023", "source_url": "Metadata", "source_medium": "Metadata"}], "question": "When was this claim made? ", "answer_method": "Metadata", "question_type": ["Metadata-related"]}], "justification": "The claim has been successfully refuted by proving that the image was captured in 2021 in Brazil and not in Germany in 2023.", "claim_text": "Image shows around 20,000 bikers in Germany, riding in support of a young boy diagnosed with cancer.", "claim_images": ["6788e5b4e2f02e5f4982291c#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "JUST BIKES", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://archive.md/ad7Nf/c17cef1349c19f59eaf5ed838dca5108d1ff58a0.jpg", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.md/ad7Nf", "reporting_source": "Facebook user post", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240526061725/https://factcheckhub.com/sam-omatseye-shares-misleading-tweet-about-tinubu-with-buhari-in-saudi-arabia/", "date": "2023-04-12", "label": "Refuted", "location": "NG", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "12/04/2023", "source_url": "Metadata", "source_medium": "Metadata"}], "question": "When was the claim made?", "answer_method": "Metadata", "question_type": ["Metadata-related"]}, {"input_images": ["6788e7f5e2f02e5f498229d4#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": " May 11, 2019", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230421020430/https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/329414-ramadan-buhari-hosts-tinubu-to-breaking-of-fast.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image first published? ", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["6788e7f5e2f02e5f498229d4#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "President Muhammadu Buhari on Friday evening hosted the national leader of the All Progressives Congress (APC), Bola Tinubu, to Ramadan breakfast at the Presidential Villa, Abuja.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230421020430/https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/329414-ramadan-buhari-hosts-tinubu-to-breaking-of-fast.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where did this image take place?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The Presidential Villa is located in Abuja, Nigeria. ", "source_url": "https://freedomhouse.org/article/nigerias-twitter-ban-bellwether-case-internet-freedom", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "In which country is the Presidential Villa located?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The evidence successfully refutes not only that the meeting occurred in 2019, four years prior to the claim, but that it was held in Nigeria, not Saudi Arabia.", "claim_text": "Image shows Nigeria\u2019s President-elect, Bola Ahmed Tinubu, and President Muhammadu Buhari  dining in Mecca, Saudi Arabia together on April 12, 2023.", "claim_images": ["6788e7f5e2f02e5f498229d4#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@samomatseye ", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://archive.is/yLxDW/7080847276d5301eadc2042eb7c1a92c40f0546b.jpg", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.is/yLxDW#selection-313.0-483.4", "reporting_source": "X (formally Twitter)", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted"], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240910044755/https://www.thequint.com/news/webqoof/old-photos-shared-as-recent-chhattisgarh-dantewada-attack-fact-check", "date": "2023-04-26", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "26/04/2023", "source_url": "Metadata", "source_medium": "Metadata"}], "question": "When was this claim made? ", "answer_method": "Metadata", "question_type": ["Metadata-related"]}, {"input_images": ["6788ed4fe2f02e5f49822aa4#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": " 27 August 2013", "source_url": "https://www.dailymail.co.uk/indiahome/indianews/article-2403208/Maoist-attack-Orissa-kills-BSF-jawans-injures-more.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was this image first published? ", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["6788ed4fe2f02e5f49822aa4#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Paramilitary soldiers stand by their damaged vehicle after Maoist rebels ambushed their patrol", "source_url": "https://www.dailymail.co.uk/indiahome/indianews/article-2403208/Maoist-attack-Orissa-kills-BSF-jawans-injures-more.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the image show?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["6788ed4fe2f02e5f49822aa4#INPUT#3#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": " May 27, 2013", "source_url": "https://www.firstpost.com/india/chhattisgarh-attack-nand-kumar-patel-son-honoured-with-state-funeral-819141.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was this image first published? ", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["6788ed4fe2f02e5f49822aa4#INPUT#4#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The final rites of Chhattisgarh Congress chief Nand Kumar Patel and his son Dinesh, who were killed in the Naxal attack on Saturday, were performed with state honours at their native village Nandeli in Raigarh district on day.", "source_url": "https://www.firstpost.com/india/chhattisgarh-attack-nand-kumar-patel-son-honoured-with-state-funeral-819141.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the image show?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["6788ed4fe2f02e5f49822aa4#INPUT#5#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "1 May 2019", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240809163516/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/naxals-kill-15-commandos-in-ied-blast-in-gadchiroli-1556700268422.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was this image first published? ", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["6788ed4fe2f02e5f49822aa4#INPUT#6#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Mangled remains of the police vehicle targeted by Naxals in Gadchiroli on Wednesday.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240809163516/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/naxals-kill-15-commandos-in-ied-blast-in-gadchiroli-1556700268422.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the image show? ", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["6788ed4fe2f02e5f49822aa4#INPUT#7#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Apr 18, 2019", "source_url": "https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/2-naxals-involved-in-bjp-mlas-killing-gunned-down-in-chhattisgarh/articleshow/68932943.cms", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image first published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["6788ed4fe2f02e5f49822aa4#INPUT#8#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The MLA's convoy was heading towards Kuwakonda from Bacheli area when the Naxalites blew up their vehicle with an Improvised Explosive Device (IED) and opened fire at the occupants.", "source_url": "https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/2-naxals-involved-in-bjp-mlas-killing-gunned-down-in-chhattisgarh/articleshow/68932943.cms", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the image show?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["6788ed4fe2f02e5f49822aa4#INPUT#9#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "30 March 2016", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20160402174001/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-35926555", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image first published? ", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["6788ed4fe2f02e5f49822aa4#INPUT#10#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The landmine explosion left a huge crater in the middle of the road as Indian policemen were killed in a 'Maoist attack' in Chhattisgarh. ", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20160402174001/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-35926555", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the image show?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["6788ed4fe2f02e5f49822aa4#INPUT#11#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": " March 14, 2018 ", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240203131235/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/chhattisgarh-sukma-maoist-attack-jawans-killed-injured-congress-slams-narendra-modi-government-5096551/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image first published? ", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["6788ed4fe2f02e5f49822aa4#INPUT#12#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Security personnel inspect the site of an IED blast in Kistaram area of Chhattisgarh\u2019s Sukma district on Tuesday. ", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240203131235/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/chhattisgarh-sukma-maoist-attack-jawans-killed-injured-congress-slams-narendra-modi-government-5096551/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the image show? ", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted with evidence which shows that while all of the images are connected to Maoist (Naxal) attacks in Chhattisgarh, none of them are recent. The images date back to 2013, with the most recent being in 2019, four years prior to the claim.", "claim_text": "Images show Recent Maoist Attack in Chhattisgarh\u2019s Dantewada district.", "claim_images": ["6788ed4fe2f02e5f49822aa4#CLAIM#0.jpg", "6788ed4fe2f02e5f49822aa4#CLAIM#1.jpg", "6788ed4fe2f02e5f49822aa4#CLAIM#2.jpg", "6788ed4fe2f02e5f49822aa4#CLAIM#3.jpg", "6788ed4fe2f02e5f49822aa4#CLAIM#4.jpg", "6788ed4fe2f02e5f49822aa4#CLAIM#5.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Yash Shukla Bjym", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://perma.cc/444S-EGQA", "reporting_source": "Facebook User Post", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230313034705/https://fullfact.org/online/injured-cat/", "date": "2023-01-10", "label": "Refuted", "location": "GB", "questions": [{"input_images": ["6788f2c7e2f02e5f49823216#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Unanswerable", "answer_text": "No answer could be found."}], "question": "Where was the cat injured? ", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["6788f2c7e2f02e5f49823216#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Unanswerable", "answer_text": "No answer could be found."}], "question": "What happened to the cat? ", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["6788f2c7e2f02e5f49823216#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Cathryn Little ", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/9ineLivez/posts/pfbid05nzrZ2borrP61riMJKgsgGy4K4JZVJdBSTqaU4MuLdv5BYedDU1Utq2ku94TEQYCl", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who originally posted about this cat? ", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": " Cathryn Little appears to be from California. ", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/9ineLivez", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where is Cathryn Little  from?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["6788f2c7e2f02e5f49823216#INPUT#4#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "26 December 2018\n  ", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/9ineLivez/posts/pfbid05nzrZ2borrP61riMJKgsgGy4K4JZVJdBSTqaU4MuLdv5BYedDU1Utq2ku94TEQYCl", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When did Cathryn Little post about the cat? ", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["6788f2c7e2f02e5f49823216#INPUT#5#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "An image posted on Facebook by Cathryn Little on November 6, 2020, shows that the cat named Clark had healed from its injuries.", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=10215541467124421&set=p.10215541467124421", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Did the cat recover from its injuries? ", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The evidence successfully refutes the claim by proving that the cat was injured in California in 2018 and that subsequent evidence dated 2020 shows that the cat had recovered from its injuries.", "claim_text": "Image shows a badly injured cat that was found on the streets of Middlesbrough, England", "claim_images": ["6788f2c7e2f02e5f49823216#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "", "reporting_source": "Facebook user post.", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230512120255/https://www.wthr.com/article/news/verify/immigration/viral-2018-photo-of-migrants-resurfaces-with-title-42-claims-fact-check/536-7504339a-0d6a-41f8-975a-dc549bd9dafc", "date": "2023-05-08", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["6788f869e2f02e5f49824e7c#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Honduran migrants walked in a caravan to the United States as they left Arriaga on their way to San Pedro Tapanatepec in southern Mexico", "source_url": "https://www.bostonglobe.com/news/bigpicture/2018/12/26/the-year-pictures-part/GdY9DGnrm4KROzkuH9IZxH/story.html?p1=BGMenu_Article", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the image show? ", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["6788f869e2f02e5f49824e7c#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "October 27, 2018. ", "source_url": "https://www.bostonglobe.com/news/bigpicture/2018/12/26/the-year-pictures-part/GdY9DGnrm4KROzkuH9IZxH/story.html?p1=BGMenu_Article", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image captured?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["6788f869e2f02e5f49824e7c#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "GUILLERMO ARIAS", "source_url": "https://www.bostonglobe.com/news/bigpicture/2018/12/26/the-year-pictures-part/GdY9DGnrm4KROzkuH9IZxH/story.html?p1=BGMenu_Article", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who took the photo? ", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "08/05/2023", "source_url": "Metadata", "source_medium": "Metadata"}], "question": "When was the claim made? ", "answer_method": "Metadata", "question_type": ["Metadata-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Title 42 is a provision in the 1944 Public Health Service Act that allows the federal government to ban people from entering the country in the case of a COVID-19-like pandemic. In March 2020, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) enacted the rule under then-President Trump.\n\nThe order gave Border Patrol agents the power to turn away migrants on public health grounds. The Trump administration argued that it would prevent the spread of coronavirus, specifically in crowded immigration detention facilities.", "source_url": "https://www.newsnationnow.com/us-news/immigration/explainer-with-title-42-ending-whats-next-for-immigration/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is title 42?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "\u2022 The planned suspension of Title 42 is likely to - at least initially - drive up the number of attempts to cross the U.S. - Mexico border. Some migrants who were previously turned back may attempt to cross again to seek humanitarian protections. Cartels and smuggling networks will also take advantage of the policy change, leading others to cross who may not realize they will still be subject to removal proceedings. Seasonal trends have repeatedly led to spikes in migrant arrivals each spring, especially in the temperate months of March, April, and May. Lifting Title 42 will reduce repeat crossings and drive down overall arrival numbers in the long-run, but this initial increase may take months to start falling.", "source_url": "https://immigrationforum.org/article/title-42-infographic/", "source_medium": "Image/graphic"}], "question": "Will the ending of Title 42 see an influx of migrants? ", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that the image was taken in 2018 in southern Mexico, not in 2023 at the U.S. border, two years before Title 42 was even enacted.\nThe word \"border\" is misspelled in the claim.", "claim_text": "An image shows thousands of migrants crossing the US boarder in 2023, due to Title 42 ending.", "claim_images": ["6788f869e2f02e5f49824e7c#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@DerrickEvans_WV", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://rejouer.perma.cc/replay-web-page/w/id-c4bd7ed9e5a0/mp_/file:///HCM2-NMB7/upload.png?version=02138050798447394", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230515220012/https://twitter.com/DerrickEvans_WV/status/1655426294119649280?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw", "reporting_source": "X (formally twitter)", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Media Source Discovery", "Reverse Image Search", "Geolocation"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230614173123/https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2023/05/fact-check-pictures-of-lost-sweet-girl-are-bait-and-switch-scam.html", "date": "2023-04-30", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["6788fe0de2f02e5f498253dc#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/RSO.Perris?locale=es_LA", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "On the official Perris Sherriff Station Facebook page there when filtered to April 1 2023 a posting states that a child has been reunited with his parents, after being found at the intersection of Wilson and Edgefield, in the city of Perris which uses the same image."}], "question": "Are there any police reports of missing children matching the image in the claim?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The facebook post states the child is a boy.", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/RSO.Perris?locale=es_LA", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What sex does the post state that the missing child was?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["6788fe0de2f02e5f498253dc#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/p/Beware-Of-The-Scammers-100062925476490/", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The facebook page (Beware of the scammers) explicitly warns against this specific post."}], "question": "Is there any evidence that the post featuring the child is a scam?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "Based on evidence, the child in the photo is a boy. On the official Perris Sherriff Station Facebook page where when filtered to April 1 2023, a post states that the child has reunited with his parents after being found at the intersection of Wilson and Edgefield in the city of Perris, and the image of this child was used in the post. Moreover, the facebook page (Beware of the scammers) explicitly warns against a post featuring this specific child as it is a scam.", "claim_text": "Social media posts show people \"desperately trying to find the parents\" of a lost \"sweet girl\".", "claim_images": ["6788fe0de2f02e5f498253dc#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Dulce T. Wright", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/groups/maricopabuylocal/permalink/3522746067936851/?__xts__[0]=68.ARCuedoU7K9cZmbrCuqLbNtRexZvGHfUZNHqInvLXYbHJsopDO-ZZ0zxCJOHzp9bInTVVy8vpdYZqUXsy5jsDPFKOG-_F1qOuto6jVRK-wPOMeM4uWUnFeVXxj0HNRNUny0Emqzn_wUYC5TIIW0owuhK8P15vYVzQlkzGQ7lhxj3XyPq2FyMNZ32ZNvy_CvWRwSThlDzH_Mog4MRn2XYL1HPE7m9pVm1Ywk4FZqVkscIWkNbIYBcwvljJW0qIk6zASicFqqhpahGwzgwg6h3NOt5botX3W-mH4ac3SW2mWMKlSKfoe-XgyP2JpP43XXp9FFQ-r5jL88IpIrd0Zb0iOE2nlmPLnYi8q39K462JFGz_JBO4IiNxVy6BbQwWR0jNmCWWQL2u-E", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Consultation", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230402123439/https://www.vishvasnews.com/english/viral/fact-check-viral-picture-is-of-drawing-the-line-actor-silas-carson-and-not-of-jawahar-lal-nehru/", "date": "2023-03-13", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["6789013ee2f02e5f4982682a#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Silas Carson  and Lucy Black ", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230402094433/https://www.hampsteadtheatre.com/whats-on/2013/drawing-the-line/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who are the people in the photo shown in the claim?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["6789013ee2f02e5f4982682a#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "It shows 2 people in what appears to be a loving embrace."}], "question": "What does the image in the claim show the people doing?", "answer_method": "Image Analysis", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted with evidence that proves the male in the image is not Jawaharlal Nehru, but Silas Carson. Carson and Black are shown acting in a theatre production according to the evidence.", "claim_text": "Jawaharlal Nehru is shown trying to slit the throat of an English woman during the freedom struggle.", "claim_images": ["6789013ee2f02e5f4982682a#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Bharat Bachao Andolan", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/bbarajivdixit/posts/pfbid02gaGv2HqBv3jDC2c4kKY2h5oVs5Z7KE1Z1oBBM68awdXcmuhn8kifPFSSZrqgV43Ul", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Media Source Discovery", "Reverse Image Search", "Fact-checker Reference"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230507152351/https://newschecker.in/fact-check/viral/man-seen-molesting-woman-in-viral-photograph-is-not-godman-asaram-bapu", "date": "2022-12-27", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["678905c8e2f02e5f49826dbd#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The 0-th image", "source_url": "Metadata", "source_medium": "Metadata"}], "question": "What claim images are the basis of calling Asharam Bapu a molester?", "answer_method": "Metadata", "question_type": ["Image-related", "Metadata-related"]}, {"input_images": ["678905c8e2f02e5f49826dbd#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Swami Virato", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230926161653/https://www.peoples.ru/family/lover/virato/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is the man shown in the 0-th image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["678905c8e2f02e5f49826dbd#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "PM Modi is seen singing with Asaram Bapu", "source_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hejBdAdSP3I", "source_medium": "Video"}], "question": "who are the people in the 1-th image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that the male in CLAIM_IMG_1 is not Asaram Bapu but is Svami Virato. \nVirato's first name is misspelled in the answer.\nBapu's first name is misspelled in the claim.", "claim_text": "Indian PM Narendra Modi publicly promoted Asharam Bapu a molester.", "claim_images": ["678905c8e2f02e5f49826dbd#CLAIM#0.jpg", "678905c8e2f02e5f49826dbd#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@SpiritOfCongre", "transcription": "Asharam Bapu Molesting a woman. Modi promoting a Molester publicly.", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230507152635im_/https://newschecker.in/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Asaram1.jpg", "original_claim_url": "", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230529214846/https://checkyourfact.com/2023/02/27/fact-check-dead-fish-east-palestine-ohio/", "date": "2023-02-13", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67891ae4e2f02e5f49828062#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://archive.is/bARnG", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "There is an article in the San Francisco Chronicle which shows the same image."}], "question": "Are there any news reports which share the same image as the claim?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Crews to start cleaning up dead fish at Lake Merritt on Wednesday, ahead of heat wave.", "source_url": "https://archive.is/bARnG#selection-3294.0-3294.1", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the article in the San Francisco Chronicle about?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "casualties of a massive algae bloom of the species Heterosigma akashiwo, a dark red-colored algae that depletes oxygen levels in the body of water it inhabits", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230322193228/https://oaklandside.org/2022/10/25/after-fish-die-off-life-returns-to-lake-merritt/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What caused the dead fish at Lake Merritt?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://archive.is/bARnG", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The article does not mention either location."}], "question": "Is there any mention of Ohio Creek or East Palestin in the article?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "A freight train derailment in Ohio near the Pennsylvania state line left a mangled and charred mass of boxcars and flames Saturday as authorities launched a federal investigation and monitored air quality from the various hazardous chemicals in the train.\n\nAbout 50 cars derailed in East Palestine at about 9 p.m. EST Friday as a train was carrying a variety of products from Madison, Illinois, to Conway, Pennsylvania, rail operator Norfolk Southern said Saturday. There was no immediate information about what caused the derailment. No injuries or damage to structures were reported.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230530105500/https://apnews.com/article/pennsylvania-ohio-evacuations-fires-5d399dc745f51ef746e22828083d8591", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What were the consequences of the train derailment at East Palestine?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Norfolk Southern said 20 of the more than 100 cars were classified as carrying hazardous materials \u2014 defined as cargo that could pose any kind of danger \u201cincluding flammables, combustibles, or environmental risks.\u201d Graham said 14 cars carrying vinyl chloride were involved in the derailment \u201cand have been exposed to fire,\u201d and at least one \u201cis intermittently releasing the contents of the car through a pressure release device as designed.\u201d ", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230530105500/https://apnews.com/article/pennsylvania-ohio-evacuations-fires-5d399dc745f51ef746e22828083d8591", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What were the derailed cars carrying?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that the image shows Lake Merritt in California, not East Palestine, Ohio. ", "claim_text": "A photo shows thousands of dead fish in an Ohio creek following the train derailment in East Palestine.", "claim_images": ["67891ae4e2f02e5f49828062#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@laurie_to", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524125743/https://twitter.com/laurie_to/status/1625269195343597568?s=20", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230528185015/https://www.altnews.in/haldwani-eviction-bjp-leaders-share-10-yr-old-kolkata-pic-with-misleading-claim/", "date": "2023-01-05", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67894ea4e2f02e5f4982b0e9#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "December 12, 2013", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230122043851/https://www.gettyimages.co.uk/detail/news-photo/people-get-on-with-their-lives-in-a-slum-on-the-railway-news-photo/461948087", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the date of the claim image being first published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67894ea4e2f02e5f4982b0e9#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Kolkata, India.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230122043851/https://www.gettyimages.co.uk/detail/news-photo/people-get-on-with-their-lives-in-a-slum-on-the-railway-news-photo/461948087", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the location the image was taken in?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "05/01/2023", "source_url": "Metadata", "source_medium": "Metadata"}], "question": "What is the date of the claim?", "answer_method": "Metadata", "question_type": ["Metadata-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "slums in Haldwani", "source_url": "Metadata", "source_medium": "Metadata"}], "question": "What does the claim state as the location of the image?", "answer_method": "Metadata", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The refutation correctly proves that the image is from 2013 in Kolkata, not from 2023 in Haldwani.", "claim_text": "An image shows homeless people in slums in Haldwani surrounding a railroad following a Supreme Court order putting a stay on the decision of the Uttarakhand High Court to demolish 4,000 homes in Haldwani.", "claim_images": ["67894ea4e2f02e5f4982b0e9#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Major Surendra Poonia", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://x.com/MajorPoonia/status/1610973812081971206", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search", "Keyword Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524192624/https://fullfact.org/online/abandoned-baby-hoax-minneapolis-airport/", "date": "2023-05-11", "label": "Refuted", "location": "GB", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Unanswerable", "answer_text": "No answer could be found."}], "question": "What is the date of the claim?", "answer_method": "Metadata", "question_type": ["Metadata-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Unanswerable", "answer_text": "No answer could be found."}], "question": "What news reports are there about a missing baby girl in south Lanarkshire being found by the roadside?", "answer_method": "Metadata", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67895bcbe2f02e5f4982b656#INPUT#2#0.jpg", "67895bcbe2f02e5f4982b656#INPUT#2#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The Minnesota Bureau of Criminal Apprehension says the girl, who's believed to be about 10 months old, came to the airport at about 9 p.m. via local light rail with a woman \"in crisis\" who probably isn't her relative or legal guardian.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20231002192800/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/infant-girl-found-minneapolis-airport-mystery/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Have the images of the baby girl been used in any news stories?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67895bcbe2f02e5f4982b656#INPUT#3#0.jpg", "67895bcbe2f02e5f4982b656#INPUT#3#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "August 24, 2022", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20231002192800/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/infant-girl-found-minneapolis-airport-mystery/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "what is the date of the news story about the missing Minnesota girl?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "CBS News", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20231002192800/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/infant-girl-found-minneapolis-airport-mystery/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who published the images along with the news that it was a baby found at Minnesota airport?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that the image is from 2022 in a Minnesota airport, not from the side of the road in South Lanarkshire.", "claim_text": "A photograph shows a baby girl who was found alongside a road in South Lanarkshire.", "claim_images": ["67895bcbe2f02e5f4982b656#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67895bcbe2f02e5f4982b656#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Reverse Image Search", "Fact-checker Reference"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230320105041/https://www.boomlive.in/fact-check/politics/viral-picture-sadhguru-jaggi-vasudev-woman-daughter-radhe-jaggi-social-media-21063", "date": "2023-02-05", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67897d84e2f02e5f4982c324#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "Sadhguru", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230226005521/https://twitter.com/SadhguruJV/status/1008296594607767553", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is the man  shown in the claim image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67897d84e2f02e5f4982c324#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Sadhguru Jaggi Vasudev\n", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230226005605/https://www.deccanherald.com/state/karnataka-districts/112-ft-tall-adiyogi-shiva-statue-unveiled-in-karnataka-1181351.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is Sadhguru?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67897d84e2f02e5f4982c324#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Radhe Jaggi", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230226005605/https://www.deccanherald.com/state/karnataka-districts/112-ft-tall-adiyogi-shiva-statue-unveiled-in-karnataka-1181351.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is Sadhguru Jaggi Vasudev's daughter?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67897d84e2f02e5f4982c324#INPUT#3#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "His daughter.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230226005521/https://twitter.com/SadhguruJV/status/1008296594607767553", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is shown in the picture with Sadhguru Jaggi Vasudev?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that the young woman is Sadhguru's daughter Radhe, not a random young woman.", "claim_text": "Photo shows Isha Foundation founder Jaggi Vasudev, who is popularly known as Sadhguru, with a random young woman sitting on his lap.", "claim_images": ["67897d84e2f02e5f4982c324#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Yasmeen Khan", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.ph/BRpi7", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230515174838/https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2023/03/fact-check-video-does-not-prove-worms-fell-from-sky-in-china.html", "date": "2023-03-12", "label": "Refuted", "location": "CN", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "12th march 2023", "source_url": "Metadata", "source_medium": "Metadata"}], "question": "What is the date of the claim?", "answer_method": "Metadata", "question_type": ["Metadata-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://x.com/vxujianing/status/1634353069604605953?s=46&t=fZPBQ0gWBYqnaIZ_HP7Tfg&mx=2", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Things that fall from poplar trees in spring are not worms , but flower seeds of poplar trees."}], "question": "Are they any reports of creatures falling from the sky in china around 12th march 2023?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "catkins ", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230321080322/https://www.britannica.com/science/catkin", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What are the flower seeds of poplar trees called?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["678a1043e2f02e5f4982fda4#INPUT#3#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "A thin, wormlike shape known as a catkin", "source_url": "https://prosegarden.blogspot.com/2017/06/the-garden-of-trees-what-is-that-brown.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What do catkins look like?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related", "Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "A lot of it lands on our cars", "source_url": "https://www.memphisflyer.com/catkins-killed-my-car", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Do catkins often fall on cars?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Unanswerable", "answer_text": "No answer could be found."}], "question": "Are there any news reports of worms falling from the sky onto cars in china around the date of the claim?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that the objects falling on cars in China are catkins, not worms. In response to one question about creatures falling from the sky, however, the answer should be \"no\" with the same explanation (not \"yes\").", "claim_text": "Worms were raining from the sky in China.", "claim_images": ["678a1043e2f02e5f4982fda4#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "", "transcription": "VIDEO GOES VIRAL OF IT. RAINING WORMS IN CHINA, RESIDENTS WERE ASKED TO CARRY UMBRELLAS", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "", "reporting_source": "Instagram", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Keyword Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230523055807/https://www.altnews.in/image-of-islamic-flag-in-chhattisgarh-temple-shared-with-false-communal-claim/", "date": "2023-02-06", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Chanda Devi temple in Gunderdehi, Chhattisgarh", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230209081313/https://twitter.com/epanchjanya/status/1622614355480313856", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What temple does the claim refer to?", "answer_method": "Metadata", "question_type": ["Metadata-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Unanswerable", "answer_text": "No answer could be found."}], "question": "Has the Chanda Devi temple been taken over by the Waqf Board?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["678a1205e2f02e5f4982fe45#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "These days, Gunderdehi temple, about 30 kilometers away from Balod district of Chhattisgarh, is becoming very viral on social media. Its specialty is that here both Hindus and Muslims worship according to their own customs.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250124034343/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lz22MUUOADM", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What was a video report by Balod News on the Chanda Devi temple, which shows the same flag in the 0-th image, captioned?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250124034343/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lz22MUUOADM", "source_medium": "Video", "boolean_explanation": "In the video, individuals from both the communities and the priest of the temple say that the practice of Hindus and Muslims praying together is an age-old tradition. There is no mention of the Waqf."}], "question": "In the video report on Chanda Devi temple by Balod News, is there any mention of the Waqf board?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "Based on the QA pairs, the claim that 'The Chhattisgarh temple was taken over by the Waqf Board' is successfully refuted. The evidence shows that the temple is known for being equally welcoming to both Hindus and Muslims, and the idea of a takeover by either group has been out of the question.", "claim_text": "The Chhattisgarh temple was taken over by the Waqf Board.", "claim_images": ["678a1205e2f02e5f4982fe45#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Arpita Shaivya", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230209082041/https://twitter.com/arpispeaks/status/1622624462368821248", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Keyword Search", "Video Analysis", "Fact-checker Reference"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221220215518/https://www.altnews.in/false-claim-of-kajal-murdered-by-gaffar-in-assam-shared-with-old-pictures-shradha-case/", "date": "2022-12-07", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "07/12/2022", "source_url": "Metadata", "source_medium": "Metadata"}], "question": "What is the date of the claim?", "answer_method": "Metadata", "question_type": ["Metadata-related"]}, {"input_images": ["678a1218e2f02e5f4982fef0#INPUT#1#0.jpg", "678a1218e2f02e5f4982fef0#INPUT#1#1.jpg", "678a1218e2f02e5f4982fef0#INPUT#1#2.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "They are found in a police report from 2010.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221214215651/https://noticiasdeitabuna.blogspot.com/2010/03/matou-mulher-e-escondeu-no-freezer.html?m=1", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When  were the images of the claim first found published online?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Assam Police reported on the images being shared with a false narritave.", "source_url": "https://x.com/assampolice/status/1600561066958000128?mx=2", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Has any mention on the context of the images been made online?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "At a home in Osasco, Greater S\u00e3o Paulo,", "source_url": "https://noticiasdeitabuna.blogspot.com/2010/03/matou-mulher-e-escondeu-no-freezer.html?m=1", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where was the body in the freezer found?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "India.", "source_url": "Metadata", "source_medium": "Metadata"}], "question": "Which location does the claim relate to?", "answer_method": "Metadata", "question_type": ["Metadata-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving the images are from an asphyxiation death in 2010 in Sao Paulo, Brazil, not a rape in 2022 in Assam, India.", "claim_text": "In Assam a girl Kajal was raped by seven Muslims then put in a freezer alive, she died from the cold and then her corpse was later taken out of the freezer and raped by a man called Ghaffar Mian who she was in a relationship with and his companions before being put back in the freezer.", "claim_images": ["678a1218e2f02e5f4982fef0#CLAIM#0.jpg", "678a1218e2f02e5f4982fef0#CLAIM#1.jpg", "678a1218e2f02e5f4982fef0#CLAIM#2.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Yogi Yogesh Agarwal", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.is/LdV2r", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20231121185720/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.336U3DC", "date": "2023-01-06", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["678a2ce4e2f02e5f49830c9d#INPUT#0#0.jpg", "678a2ce4e2f02e5f49830c9d#INPUT#0#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Kansas statehouse", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230111142939/https://www.facebook.com/plugins/post.php?href=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2FKSNNews%2Fposts%2F10158930849014725&show_text=true&width=500", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where was this image taken?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["678a2ce4e2f02e5f49830c9d#INPUT#1#0.jpg", "678a2ce4e2f02e5f49830c9d#INPUT#1#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Protesters enter Kansas statehouse", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230111142939/https://www.facebook.com/plugins/post.php?href=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2FKSNNews%2Fposts%2F10158930849014725&show_text=true&width=500", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the image show? ", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "200 Trump supporters stage rally at Kansas Statehouse", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/5X4R-DNQS", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What were the protestors at the Kansas Statehouse protesting?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/5X4R-DNQS", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "After the rally in Topeka, dozens of Trump\u2019s supporters entered the Statehouse peacefully through its security checkpoint, one-by-one or in small groups. They initially milled around, glanced at historical exhibits and sat on benches. The building was open as it usually is during the week.\n\nSome protesters remained on the first floor for another hour. Capitol police reported no arrests."}], "question": "Was the protest considered peaceful? ", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["678a2ce4e2f02e5f49830c9d#INPUT#4#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Arrival of the Railroad by David H. Overmyer, first floor rotunda, northwest corner", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/ZV7Z-D4R3", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the painting behind the lady? ", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["678a2ce4e2f02e5f49830c9d#INPUT#5#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Kansas State Capitol", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/ZV7Z-D4R3", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where is this painting displayed?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that the protest was at the Kansas State Capitol, not at the DC riots. The protest was to show support for overturning the election of Joe Biden.", "claim_text": "Image shows elderly woman holding an American flag whilst taking part in the Capitol riots in the US on January 6th 2021.", "claim_images": ["678a2ce4e2f02e5f49830c9d#CLAIM#0.jpg", "678a2ce4e2f02e5f49830c9d#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@DonaldJTrumpJr ", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://archive.is/TR1IS/01c71e5ceebea64c025ffaefa37698d1eedd7a98.jpg", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.is/TR1IS#selection-523.0-697.7", "reporting_source": "X (formally Twitter)", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Media Source Discovery", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted", "Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20231222160626/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.33DE8LV", "date": "2023-04-19", "label": "Refuted", "location": "ZA", "questions": [{"input_images": ["678a4077e2f02e5f49832dc0#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The image was posted on a bike forum on the 4th of March, 2018. ", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230420014021/https://www.bikeforums.net/20262117-post4264.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally posted? ", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/myspar/posts/pfbid02qaCxR1f4LY5m8eD5deP43o7KGZxw8QLZ3umSZmVCd9i98RHdYsZoY4rFnKq2rjZpl?_rdr", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "In a Facebook post, My SPAR stated, \"Please be aware of the latest scam where a fake company is pretending to sell electric bikes at SPAR for R37 with Facebook ads. If in doubt, please inbox us and we will verify the promotion or competition for you.\""}], "question": "Is South Africa\u2019s SPAR retailer running a promotion selling Trek electric bicycles for only R37?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "April 11, 2023", "source_url": "Metadata", "source_medium": "Metadata"}], "question": "When was this claim made?", "answer_method": "Metadata", "question_type": ["Metadata-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230420012313/https://archive.ph/19oFj#selection-1827.0-1849.23", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "On Facebook, they wrote a post that says, \"Dear Trek Fans,\nIt has come to our attention that there are fake Facebook accounts that are attempting to scam people by selling e-bikes for R37. We want to clarify that these accounts are not affiliated with Trek Bikes South Africa in any way.\nAt Trek, we take the safety and security of our customers very seriously. We want to remind everyone to be vigilant when shopping online and to only purchase products from authorized Trek retailers.\nIf you come across any suspicious accounts or websites claiming to sell Trek products at unrealistically low prices, please report them to Facebook immediately or to Trek's customer service team.\nThank you for your support in helping us to combat scams and protect the Trek community.\nRide Bikes, Have Fun, Feel Good.\nTeam Trek South Africa\""}], "question": "Did the company Trek also confirm that this is fake", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that both Spar and Trek issued warnings that the offer is a scam.", "claim_text": "South Africa\u2019s SPAR retailer is running a promotion selling Trek electric bicycles d for only R37 (approximately US$2).", "claim_images": ["678a4077e2f02e5f49832dc0#CLAIM#0.jpg", "678a4077e2f02e5f49832dc0#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Electric Bicycle", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230421050833im_/https://archive.ph/5FIY4/92ff1c4795225eefaa0af76ffcab588a9f08ed13.jpg", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230421050651/https://archive.ph/5FIY4", "reporting_source": "Facebook user post", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery", "Reverse Image Search", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted", "Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240814170123/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.33EF9B9", "date": "2023-04-24", "label": "Refuted", "location": "KE", "questions": [{"input_images": ["678a6ee8e2f02e5f49837a0d#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Unanswerable", "answer_text": "No answer could be found."}], "question": "When was this image first reported? ", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["678a6ee8e2f02e5f49837a0d#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "It was posted on Twitter on Apr 7, 2023. ", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/H9XN-RSZC", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image posted on social media? ", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["678a6ee8e2f02e5f49837a0d#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Screening was conducted and 191 were released and the UPDF have taken 27 to the brigade headquarters. \nOur amble apeal to the \n@UPDFspokespersn\n is not to subject them to torture as witnessed with those that were taken to Gulu but face the law", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/H9XN-RSZC", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the tweet say along with this image? ", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "24/04/2023", "source_url": "Metadata", "source_medium": "Metadata"}], "question": "When was this claim made? ", "answer_method": "Metadata", "question_type": ["Metadata-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Uganda People's Defence Forces (UPDF)", "source_url": "https://www.voanews.com/a/uganda-police-shut-down-capital-after-bobi-wine-re-arrested/4552479.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does UPDF stand for? ", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that the photo is not of Kenyans, but of prisoners held by Uganda People's Defence Forces ", "claim_text": "Photo shows three emaciated men from the Malindi cult,  in Kenya.", "claim_images": ["678a6ee8e2f02e5f49837a0d#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@georgenjoroge_ ", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://archive.is/JM2Ik/cbd8087e4f3abdf51c47c9f3d90feb41af87b622.jpg", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.is/JM2Ik#selection-315.0-485.7", "reporting_source": "X (formally Twitter)", "claim_types": ["Causal Claim", "Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230329035323/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.336E99H", "date": "2022-12-25", "label": "Refuted", "location": "KR", "questions": [{"input_images": ["678a7179e2f02e5f49837b5f#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "2014.08.27", "source_url": "https://archive.ph/6EsbB#selection-643.0-643.10", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was this image posted? ", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["678a7179e2f02e5f49837b5f#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Members of the conservative group Parents' Association are performing a performance of eating jajangmyeon secretly, mocking the hunger strike of the families of the Sewol ferry victims, in Sejong-ro, Seoul on the afternoon of the 27th.", "source_url": "https://archive.ph/6EsbB#selection-1005.2-1005.237", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does this image show?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that the image shows a person mocking the Sewol ferry hunger strikers.", "claim_text": "Image shows a Sewol ferry campaigner who was on a hunger strike, secretly tucking into a bowl of noodles.", "claim_images": ["678a7179e2f02e5f49837b5f#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "", "transcription": "", "media_source": "blob:https://lite.evernote.com/7bc425b8-cbc0-4ac0-b151-42ca3ae9d22f", "original_claim_url": "https://lite.evernote.com/note/d105227f-2164-4393-ac2e-9bed5cb59f26", "reporting_source": "Facebook user post", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241120065448/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.33C4784", "date": "2023-03-23", "label": "Refuted", "location": "KR", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "23/03/2023", "source_url": "Metadata", "source_medium": "Metadata"}], "question": "When was this claim made?", "answer_method": "Metadata", "question_type": ["Metadata-related"]}, {"input_images": ["678a770de2f02e5f4983815f#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": " 2015-11-23 ", "source_url": "https://archive.vn/H3YeR#selection-3689.0-3689.18", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was this image originally posted? ", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["678a770de2f02e5f4983815f#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Participants in the nationwide rally to commemorate the first anniversary of the Sewol ferry disaster burn the Taegeukgi flag during a standoff with police in front of Gwanghwamun, Seoul on the afternoon of April 18. 2015.", "source_url": "https://archive.vn/H3YeR#selection-3911.0-3911.222", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the image showing? ", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["678a770de2f02e5f4983815f#INPUT#3#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The man is referenced as  \"Mr. Kim\" in a news1 article. ", "source_url": "https://www.news1.kr/society/court-prosecution/2495606", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the name of the person burning the flag?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["678a770de2f02e5f4983815f#INPUT#4#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://archive.vn/AsB5E", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Kim describes himself as South Korean. "}], "question": "Is the man, Mr.Kim, in the image Chinese? ", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that the image shows a South Korean burning a Taegeukgi flag in 2015 during a rally to commemorate the first anniversary of the Sewol ferry disaster", "claim_text": "Image shows a Chinese man burning the Korean  flag to oppose an alliance between South Korea and Japan.", "claim_images": ["678a770de2f02e5f4983815f#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "\ub098\uc758\uc870\uad6d", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://archive.vn/uTwSK/3a3da803f99bc2120c0048e10a73b3d72b244286.jpg", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.vn/uTwSK#selection-369.28-369.32", "reporting_source": "Naver Band ", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241007094339/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.33BB2TH", "date": "2023-03-11", "label": "Refuted", "location": "KE", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "11/03/2023", "source_url": "Metadata", "source_medium": "Metadata"}], "question": "When was this claim made? ", "answer_method": "Metadata", "question_type": ["Metadata-related"]}, {"input_images": ["678a79d1e2f02e5f498384ec#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "Image was posted on Twitter (X) on Jan 22, 2020.", "source_url": "https://x.com/sirJoel19/status/1220047525517893632?s=20", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was this image first posted? ", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["678a79d1e2f02e5f498384ec#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230313140754/https://www.nairaland.com/3269224/how-much-crate-egg-area", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The image was used on Nairaland during a discussion about prices of eggs. "}], "question": "Has this image been posted anywhere else? ", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["678a79d1e2f02e5f498384ec#INPUT#3#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": " May 13, 2021", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230313140754/https://www.nairaland.com/3269224/how-much-crate-egg-area", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image posted on Nairaland?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that the first appearance of the image on social media precedes the date of the claim by three years.", "claim_text": "The image shows a vendor salvaging eggs from the ground in Kisumu County after they were destroyed by supporters of former presidential candidate Raila Odinga's announcement to boycott certain goods like eggs.  ", "claim_images": ["678a79d1e2f02e5f498384ec#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@MigunaMiguna", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://pbs.twimg.com/media/Fq8TgarWcAENaXH?format=jpg&name=900x900", "original_claim_url": "https://x.com/MigunaMiguna/status/1634546642157203456?s=20", "reporting_source": "X (formally twitter)", "claim_types": ["Causal Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search", "Keyword Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230922073107/https://checkyourfact.com/2023/04/24/fact-check-image-egyptian-soldiers-sudan/", "date": "2023-04-24", "label": "Refuted", "location": "EG", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "15 April 2023", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=1966412800365075&set=a.116778935328480&type=3", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was this claim made?", "answer_method": "Metadata", "question_type": ["Metadata-related"]}, {"input_images": ["678a7cdae2f02e5f4983861e#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Unanswerable", "answer_text": "No answer could be found."}], "question": "When was this image first published? ", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230425234535/https://m.facebook.com/photo?fbid=534323488872954&set=a.111859687786005&_rdr", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Yes, the claim was debunked by Egypt\u2019s State Information Service on Facebook. They stated, \"\u274cA number of social media users circulated this photo, claiming that it was a photo of Egyptian soldiers fleeing from Merowe Airport following clashes between the Rapid Support Forces and the Sudanese army.\n\n\u2705The photo dates back more than a year ago during one of the Egyptian Armed Forces' training exercises in the \"Crossing the Suburbs\" exercise and has no relation to Sudan, near or far.\""}], "question": "Has this claim been publicly debunked? ", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["678a7cdae2f02e5f4983861e#INPUT#3#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Egyptian Armed Forces' training exercises in the \"Crossing the Suburbs\" exercise", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230425234535/https://m.facebook.com/photo?fbid=534323488872954&set=a.111859687786005&_rdr", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the image show? ", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by presenting proof from Egypt\u2019s State Information Service that states the image is an old photo that shows a training exercise not connected in any way to Sudan.", "claim_text": "Image shows Egyptian Soldiers Escaping From Merowi, Sudan", "claim_images": ["678a7cdae2f02e5f4983861e#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "", "reporting_source": "Facebook user post", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240806035954/https://fullfact.org/online/injured-dog-Ukraine-rescue/", "date": "2023-04-11", "label": "Refuted", "location": "GB", "questions": [{"input_images": ["678a8043e2f02e5f49838756#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Ukrainian soldier and a dog he saved and who was injured by Russian shelling in Kharkiv", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/inukraine.official/photos/a.1448141988826234/2760841104222976/?locale=ms_MY", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does this image show?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["678a8043e2f02e5f49838756#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "2 April 2022 ", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/inukraine.official/photos/a.1448141988826234/2760841104222976/?locale=ms_MY", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was this image posted? ", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["678a8043e2f02e5f49838756#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220603200256/https://twitter.com/UAarmy_animals/status/1509320214512603139", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The image was shared on Twitter by an account called 'UKrArmy cats & dogs' "}], "question": "Was the image posted anywhere else? ", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving from two different sources that the dog was injured from shelling and rescued by a soldier in Ukraine", "claim_text": "A photograph shows a lost dog that has been injured in a hit-and-run incident in the UK", "claim_images": ["678a8043e2f02e5f49838756#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "", "reporting_source": "Social media user posts", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search", "Fact-checker Reference"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240722201830/https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2023/01/fact-check-consumers-will-not-get-household-pallets-from-walmart-warehouses-by-answering-3-questions.html", "date": "2023-01-02", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "02/01/2023", "source_url": "Metadata", "source_medium": "Metadata"}], "question": "When was this claim made?", "answer_method": "Metadata", "question_type": ["Metadata-related"]}, {"input_images": ["678a87dce2f02e5f4983b204#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The image was published on The Guardian on the 12th of June, 2014. ", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230206141504/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/jun/12/farke-book-amazon-living-wage-jeff-bezos", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was this image first published? ", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["678a87dce2f02e5f4983b204#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "An Amazon storage area in Swansea. 'Every order fulfilled and delivered at warp speed is the product of a warehouse system that epitomises..", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230206141504/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/jun/12/farke-book-amazon-living-wage-jeff-bezos", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the image show? ", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that the image shows an Amazon storage area in Wales in 2018.", "claim_text": "Due to a court order, Walmart is selling outdated household pallets for $2.", "claim_images": ["678a87dce2f02e5f4983b204#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Household items", "transcription": "Unclaimed Household Pallets", "media_source": "https://scontent.flba3-2.fna.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/469146802_574626248854352_3511681029524589393_n.jpg?stp=dst-jpg_s640x640_tt6&_nc_cat=103&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=127cfc&_nc_ohc=fwW1Cjt4DeUQ7kNvgGXasbJ&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent.flba3-2.fna&_nc_gid=AI_kvyvKX1KqgIDW88dZk02&oh=00_AYDrfEw06Rvh0hRn6jB9CK1xrXqLVahdCRkGMtdrclbl6Q&oe=67835665", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=pfbid02h7oTyFe3AhvEnnKAgy9fo1A95zS6DAoUuEF8neqkWqvwd8HrLHy1jEvATJFt1mx4l&id=100089209448761", "reporting_source": "Facebook User posts", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted", "Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Others"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230523121337/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.33CT4XC", "date": "2023-03-30", "label": "Not Enough Evidence", "location": "KR", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "30/03/2023", "source_url": "Metadata", "source_medium": "Metadata"}], "question": "When was this claim made?", "answer_method": "Metadata", "question_type": ["Metadata-related"]}, {"input_images": ["678a8ac2e2f02e5f4983b354#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Unanswerable", "answer_text": "No answer could be found."}], "question": "When was this image taken? ", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Unanswerable", "answer_text": "No answer could be found."}], "question": "Did South Korea cut down cherry blossoms on the orders of the country's former president, Moon Jae-in, for being too Japanese?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230412141212/https://archive.is/cR0Vl#selection-2223.19-2231.140", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The 2023 Gyeongju Cherry Blossom Festival will be held from March 31 to April 2 in Gyeongju, where cherry blossoms are fluttering.\nIt will provide enjoyment to tourists enjoying the Gyeongju Cherry Blossom Festival with various contents that go well with cherry blossoms."}], "question": "Was there a cherry blossom festival in South Korea in 2023?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The task states only that there was a cherry blossom festival in Gyeongju, South Korea from 3/30/23 through 4/2/23. There is no evidence that the image shows Gyeongju, or the cherry blossom festival in Gyeongju, or that the trees were still standing on the claim date. The information provided does not identify the area in the image.", "claim_text": "Image shows trees in South Korea cut down on the orders of the country's former President Moon Jae-in for being \"too Japanese\". ", "claim_images": ["678a8ac2e2f02e5f4983b354#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "\uae40\ub3d9\ub82c", "transcription": "", "media_source": "blob:https://lite.evernote.com/74496724-f0f0-4dff-9945-638b6dd62301", "original_claim_url": "https://lite.evernote.com/note/6f0af1df-b187-441c-87bd-4c7b6471c28b", "reporting_source": "facebook user post", "claim_types": ["Causal Claim", "Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Reverse Image Search", "Geolocation", "Fact-checker Reference"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230205040313/https://en.youturn.in/factcheck/vivek-agnihotri-bbc-documentary-kashmiri-files-house-full.html", "date": "2023-01-28", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["678a8cd1e2f02e5f4983b4aa#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Glimpses from the succesful screening of the documentary 'India: The Modi Question' organized by SFI HCU on the Republic Day following the call of SFI CEC. More than 400 students turned out for the screening rejecting the false propaganda and the attempts of ABVP to (1/2) create unrest and the administration to disrupt the screening of the documentary. SFI-HCU salutes the student community who have stood for freedom of expression and campus democracy. (2/2)", "source_url": "https://x.com/SfiHcu/status/1618643891028398081", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the image show? ", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "28/01/2023", "source_url": "Metadata", "source_medium": "Metadata"}], "question": "When was the claim made? ", "answer_method": "Metadata", "question_type": ["Metadata-related"]}, {"input_images": ["678a8cd1e2f02e5f4983b4aa#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Jan 26, 2023", "source_url": "https://x.com/SfiHcu/status/1618643891028398081", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was this image first posted? ", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that the image shows a screening of  the documentary 'India: The Modi Question' organized by SFI HCU on the Republic Day.", "claim_text": "This photo shows the large attendance at the screening of \u2018The Kashmir Files\u2019, organised by the ABVP at the Hyderabad Central University.", "claim_images": ["678a8cd1e2f02e5f4983b4aa#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@vivekagnihotri ", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://archive.ph/GyYrk/6bd1f3d94b7a8a5ca4ce1e06d1ded85367a12bcf.jpg", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.ph/GyYrk", "reporting_source": "X (formally Twitter)", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": [], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240413094732/https://factly.in/the-rape-accused-with-a-bitten-lip-in-the-photo-is-not-a-muslim/", "date": "2023-02-16", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["678a8fd1e2f02e5f4983b606#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Mohit Saini", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230413095931/https://www.bhaskar.com/local/uttar-pradesh/meerut/news/the-woman-showed-courage-to-the-rapist-who-came-to-rape-her-sealed-her-lips-in-a-packet-and-took-her-away-130882983.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the name of the person shown in this image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230329044637/https://odishatv.in/news/national/woman-bites-off-youth-s-lips-after-he-tries-to-rape-her-196315", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The article notes \"the accused identified as Mohit Saini of Lavad village has been booked for attempted rape and molestation.\" but his religious association is not mentioned anywhere in the article."}], "question": "Did any reports on the incident note the religion of the accused, Mohit Saini?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim that the Photo shows a Muslim named Mohammed Israr with an injured lip, from when he tried to rape a woman in Meerut, Uttar Pradesh\", when in fact it's Mohit Saini, is refuted. Although there is no evidence regarding his religious affiliation, the claim is refuted because half of the claim has been refuted (according to the guidelines).", "claim_text": "Photo shows a Muslim named Mohammed Israr with an injured lip, from when he tried to rape a woman in Meerut, Uttar Pradesh.", "claim_images": ["678a8fd1e2f02e5f4983b606#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "", "reporting_source": "Facebook User Post", "claim_types": ["Causal Claim", "Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted", "Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230119080934/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.33792AH", "date": "2023-01-05", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "05/01/2023", "source_url": "Metadata", "source_medium": "Metadata"}], "question": "When was the claim made?", "answer_method": "Metadata", "question_type": ["Metadata-related"]}, {"input_images": ["678a950fe2f02e5f4983bab1#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The image was posted by Getty Images on the 12th of December, 2013.", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/Y63P-5WTK", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image first published?  ", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["678a950fe2f02e5f4983bab1#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "KOLKATA, INDIA", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/Y63P-5WTK", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where was this image taken? ", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["678a950fe2f02e5f4983bab1#INPUT#3#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "People get on with their lives in a slum on the railway tracks as a commuter train goes past on December 12, 2013 in Kolkata, India.", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/Y63P-5WTK", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the image show? ", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/854K-USSP", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "India\u2019s Supreme Court has stayed an order which called for the mass demolition of over 4,000 homes in the hill state of Uttarakhand.\n\nThe demolition, which was due to be carried out on Sunday, would have rendered over 50,000 people \u2013 the large majority of whom are Muslims \u2013 homeless.\n\nThe top court stayed an order by the local railway authorities, back by Uttarakhand state\u2019s high court on 20 December, requiring the demolition of all \u201cillegal encroachments\u201d along the railway line in the Banbhulpura district of the town of Haldwani.\n\nHundreds had taken to the streets since New Year\u2019s Day in protest against the demolition order after local newspapers in Haldwani carried notices issued by the North-Eastern Railways for the evacuation of all \u201cillegal encroachments\u201d in a week\u2019s time.\n\nThe top court\u2019s order on Thursday came in response to a batch of petitions filed against the high court order.\n\nA bench comprising justices Sanjay Kishan Kaul and Abhay S Oka issued a notice to the railways and the Uttarakhand state.\n\n\u201cThere cannot be uprooting of 50,000 people in seven days,\u201d said the court\u2019s ruling, according to legal news portal LiveLaw."}], "question": "Did India's top court block the demolition order for homes in Haldwani, northern Uttarakhand?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that the image was taken in Kolkata, India a decade prior to the date of the claim.", "claim_text": "The photo shows illegal structures in Haldwani, Uttarakhand, built on land owned by railway authorities, which were affected by a demolition order that India's top court blocked.", "claim_images": ["678a950fe2f02e5f4983bab1#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@MrsGandhi ", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://archive.ph/VXl2o/225026d3af184a7e2f1e310d16d788c7e6dfba4e.jpg", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.ph/VXl2o", "reporting_source": "X (formally twitter)", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Media Source Discovery", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted", "Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240221162809/https://www.sochfactcheck.com/viral-inspirational-message-on-whatsapp-about-arnold-schwarzenegger-is-false/", "date": "2019-10-20", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["678ac976e2f02e5f4983e068#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/arnold/photos/a.420623816759/10153712637061760", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The image was posted by Arnold Schwarzenegger on his official social media."}], "question": "Is the image real?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["678ac976e2f02e5f4983e068#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The photo was posted with a comedic meaning. IMDB states: The actor and former governor of California posted a photo of himself Instagram that is bound to make you chuckle. Cozied up in a green sleeping bag, Schwarzenegger decided to take a catnap in front of the massive bronze statue of his bodybuilder self that sits in front of the Greater Columbus Convention Center in Ohio. Video: Arnold Schwarzenegger Replaces Donald Trump as the New Host of NBC's Celebrity Apprentice \"How times have changed,\" Schwarzenegger hilariously captioned the photo. Though we can only assume that the Terminator star was only pretend sleeping, it's a clever juxtaposition.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240530200537/https://www.imdb.com/news/ni59389381/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What was the photo about?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["678ac976e2f02e5f4983e068#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Outside the Greater Columbus Convention Center.", "source_url": "https://www.ohiomagazine.com/ohio-life/article/arnold-schwarzenegger-statue-columbus", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where is the statue situated?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that the image was a joke posted by Schwarzenegger himself outside on the ground in front of the Greater Columbus Convention Center in Ohio. ", "claim_text": "A hotel that enacted a bronze statue of Arnold Schwarzenegger in his honour refused to provide him with a room for free despite an earlier promise of a lifetime membership for him; in response, the actor slept under the sculpture and warned people of the fickle nature of one\u2019s position, money, intelligence, and youth.", "claim_images": ["678ac976e2f02e5f4983e068#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Umer Rasool", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/umer.rasool.37/posts/pfbid0AnioochzPXZbuSejXVKtsz2HhVgjPb6CEFyWzLtzwEeiGiQ5pU4XZsbw4Ca6wjukl", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230704023927/https://srilanka.factcrescendo.com/english/misleading-photo-being-shared-as-mutai-and-fernandez-race-in-2012/", "date": "2021-07-21", "label": "Refuted", "location": "", "questions": [{"input_images": ["678bca60e2f02e5f49843e3e#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Pictured are Galen Rupp, American, and Mo Farah, originally from Somalia and competing for Great Britain, having raced in the 10K at 2012 Olympics.", "source_url": "https://www.linkedin.com/posts/kenansener_kenyan-runner-abel-mutai-was-only-a-few-meters-activity-6769041392405676032-kYhR/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What runners are in this image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that the two people in the image are not Frenandes and Mutai.", "claim_text": "Image shows the occasion when Fernandes paved the way for Mutai's victory in a race 2012.\n", "claim_images": ["678bca60e2f02e5f49843e3e#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Standing Up For America", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://www.awesomescreenshot.com/image/41202298?key=669fc869e32f47822380137dd9d972ae", "reporting_source": "https://www.awesomescreenshot.com/image/41202298?key=669fc869e32f47822380137dd9d972ae", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230926215243/https://en.youturn.in/factcheck/yoruba-sculptor-dadas-carvings-are-misled-as-happened-in-ancient-india.html", "date": "2022-10-17", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["678d23c4e2f02e5f49849c08#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Made by: Dada, known as Areogun", "source_url": "https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/AUTH225677", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who created the artwork shown in the 0-th image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["678d23c4e2f02e5f49849c08#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "BBC published an image of the entire carving titled \"Wooden door panel carved by Dada Areogun of Osi village, Ekiti State, Nigeria, 1924.\"", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230920061037/https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p06j2lsj/p06hzqym", "source_medium": "Image/graphic"}], "question": "Are there any other images of the artwork shown in the 0-th image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["678d23c4e2f02e5f49849c08#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Production place\nMade in: Osi-Ilorin\nAfrica: sub-Saharan Africa: Nigeria: Osi-Ilorin", "source_url": "https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Af1954-23-208-a-c", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where was the door carving by Dada Areogun created?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related", "Image-related"]}], "justification": " The carving shown is not from ancient India, but rather a wooden door panel created by Dada Areogun, an artist from Osi village, Ekiti State, Nigeria, in 1924. The artwork does not depict a bicycle as suggested in the claim.", "claim_text": "Ancient art from India showcasing a bicycle along with an image where we can see a man riding it among the other carvings.", "claim_images": ["678d23c4e2f02e5f49849c08#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@Anyextee", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://x.com/Anyextee/status/1582270204293222405", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240528201937/https://en.youturn.in/factcheck/no-they-are-not-atiq-ahmeds-murderers-in-the-photo-with-akhilesh-yadav.html", "date": "2023-04-14", "label": "Not Enough Evidence", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Born in Shravasti to a Muslim family, Ahmad moved to Prayagraj and quickly gained notoriety, publicly clashing entrenched local gangster Shauq Ilahi, and taking over his fiefdom in the old city area after the latter was gunned down in a police encounter in 1989. Sensing his opportunity, Ahmad quickly announced his candidate for the assembly elections from the Allahabad West seat that year \u2013 riding a horse through the old city and taking out a motorcycle rally to stamp his authority among young people and the Muslim community. He won the election as an independent candidate , marking the beginning of a long and controversial career where he used a mix of crime and politics to cement his hold in the region.", "source_url": "https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/delhi-news/strongman-who-dabbled-in-the-worlds-of-crime-politics-101680028488079.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is Atiq Ahmed?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Akhilesh Yadav, son of the founder of the Samajwadi Party\u2014Mulayam Singh Yadav, was the youngest chief minister of India\u2019s largest state Uttar Pradesh, at 38. He is currently the president of the Samajwadi Party and an elected member of India\u2019s Parliament.", "source_url": "https://academic.oup.com/book/36679/chapter-abstract/321709160?redirectedFrom=fulltext", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is Akhilesh Yadav?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Lovelesh Tiwari, Mohit and Arun Kumar Maurya.", "source_url": "https://www.newindianexpress.com/amp/story/nation/2023/apr/19/atiq-killers-sent-to-police-custody-for-four-days-2567441.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who are the murderers of Atiq Ahmed?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Atiq Ahmad (60) and his brother Ashraf were shot dead at point-blank range by three men posing as journalists in the middle of a media interaction on Saturday night while police personnel were escorting them to a medical college in Prayagraj for a checkup.", "source_url": "https://www.newindianexpress.com/amp/story/nation/2023/apr/19/atiq-killers-sent-to-police-custody-for-four-days-2567441.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "How was Atiq Ahmed killed?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is neither supported nor refuted. The information provided does not identify the two persons claimed to be murderers in the photo. The information provided names the three murderers but does not prove that the men in the image are or are not two of them.", "claim_text": "Atiq Ahmed\u2019s murderers in photo with Akhilesh Yadav.", "claim_images": ["679157a8e2f02e5f4987246e#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@socialninzaa", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.ph/LaRqU", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240623102214/https://en.youturn.in/factcheck/photo-shared-as-first-iftar-party-in-1948.html", "date": "2023-03-30", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Iftar is the evening meal that breaks fast for those observing Ramadan. ", "source_url": "https://www.newbrightonmn.gov/589/Support-Interfaith-Harmony", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is an iftar party?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67965e1ae2f02e5f4989e6db#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Marathi: Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar, Jawaharlal Nehru, Maulana Azad and other Ministers present at Vallabhbhai Patel\u2019s ministerial invitation to celebrate Chakraborty Rajagopalchari becoming India\u2019s first Governor General. June 1948", "source_url": "https://www.alamy.com/june-1948-httpmmid-daycomarticlesfinding-babasaheb-ambedkars-smile17166159-unknown-author-image352022086.html?irclickid=TKRwyOyY1xyIRD5zv3Xt9XadUkGV9vXNbSDz3U0&irgwc=1", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is this an an image of?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that the image is from a 1948 dinner to celebrate Chakraborty Rajagopalchari becoming India\u2019s first Governor General", "claim_text": "Photo shows the first iftar party in independent India, which was hosted by Jawaharlal Nehru in 1947.", "claim_images": ["67965e1ae2f02e5f4989e6db#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@kumawat__saab1", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://x.com/kumawat__saab1/status/1641800466324652034?s=46&t=kIszbQH_arRSG8kPbuGeZw", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search", "Fact-checker Reference"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240623121333/https://en.youturn.in/factcheck/500-rupee-decoration-paper-in-a-dessert-at-nmacc.html", "date": "2023-04-01", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a0efefe2f02e5f49949916#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "It is a famous sweet named \"Daulat ki chat\" from the restaurant Indian Accent.", "source_url": "https://x.com/iamber_20/status/1642403971259326465?s=46&t=kIszbQH_arRSG8kPbuGeZw&mx=2", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What dessert is featured in the image?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "No, the currency used in the dessert at the restaurant is fake.", "source_url": "https://x.com/iamber_20/status/1642403971259326465?s=46&t=kIszbQH_arRSG8kPbuGeZw&mx=2", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Does the restaurant use real currency when they serve \"Daulat ki chat\"?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "No, the currency notes were fake and made out of tissue paper.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230404060728/https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/trends/nmacc-opening-food-in-silver-thali-at-nita-mukesh-ambani-cultural-centre-shradha-kapoor-maheep-kapoor-10356061.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Was the money used in the dessert at the NMACC event fake?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving with the final link that an NMACC event hosted by the Ambani family served \"the legendary Delhi dessert, decorated with paper that looks like Rs 500 notes.\" ", "claim_text": "The Ambani's family used 500 rupee notes instead of tissue paper at a party.", "claim_images": ["67a0efefe2f02e5f49949916#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@loyalsachinfan", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://archive.ph/hK8Rx/409d820c094aa657d34262dc00822431c08ef5d0.jpg", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.ph/hK8Rx", "reporting_source": "X", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Keyword Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241204171609/https://cambodia.factcrescendo.com/english/m-hun-sen-falsely-claims-sam-rainsy-expelled-from-malaysia/", "date": "2023-05-30", "label": "Refuted", "location": "MY", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "A press release suggested that they government was not aware of his visit.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241204171609/https://archive.ph/JZyft", "source_medium": "PDF"}], "question": "Was the Malaysian government aware of Sam Rainsy's visit to the country?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Airline tickets indicate he was to arrive in Malaysia on May 29 and leave for France on May 31.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241204171609/https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=831563128341659&set=p.831563128341659&type=3", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "How long was Sam Rainsy planning on staying in Malaysia?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that the Malaysian government stated it was unaware of Rainsy's presence in their country in a press release dated the day of Rainsy's departure.", "claim_text": "The Malaysian government expelled Sam Rainsby from the country.", "claim_images": ["67a0f317e2f02e5f49949935#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67a0f317e2f02e5f49949935#CLAIM#1.jpg", "67a0f317e2f02e5f49949935#CLAIM#2.jpg", "67a0f317e2f02e5f49949935#CLAIM#3.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://archive.ph/0SClw/cfb7f9af45777b8612e0c78a05eb16ff0779d3d8.jpg,https://archive.ph/0SClw/4c2559f259278744cdf4be46c93322a1bf1b787d.jpg,https://archive.ph/0SClw/4a09ccebb056039170f092d7297ea610adbbe6d2.jpg,https://archive.ph/0SClw/a8f79da3ca65be7fe6504a0209c3931e819f4cfd.jpg", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.ph/0SClw", "reporting_source": "freshnewsasia.com", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230202033929/https://www.wqad.com/article/news/verify/health-verify/no-lunchables-recalls-over-claims-glass-shards-nacho-cheese-dip/536-a0287172-13bc-450f-b26a-7030ab7ec9c2", "date": "2023-02-01", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Sodium phosphates are found in the Lunchables nacho cheese dip and can cause salt-like phosphate crystals to form.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230202033929/https://www.heb.com/product-detail/oscar-mayer-lunchables-nachos-cheese-dip-amp-salsa/140043", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What are the crystals that are seen in the Lunchables nacho cheese dip?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The crystals eventually dissolved under running water.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230202033929/https://www.facebook.com/alexandria.jones15/posts/pfbid0Hags8Ud5eYDbVCgFsgfS878ksseD3QR5f1M5XyzqrXfKYqN3GDyaP7t9sJbLqQk6l", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Did the crystals dissolve once discovered in the cheese dip?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Glass only dissolves at very low or very high pH levels, but not in neutral water.", "source_url": "https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1395269", "source_medium": "PDF"}], "question": "Does glass dissolve in tap water?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by demonstrating that the ingredient sodium phosphate is salt, that the salt crystals dissolved in warm water, and that glass does not dissolve in water.", "claim_text": "Lunchables are being recalled due to  shards of glass in their nacho cheese dip.", "claim_images": ["67a0f7dde2f02e5f4994995e#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67a0f7dde2f02e5f4994995e#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Barbara N Randall Starnes", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://scontent-man2-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/326979161_1288754588717159_4950452955908665488_n.jpg?stp=dst-jpg_s600x600_tt6&_nc_cat=108&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=833d8c&_nc_ohc=8tjt6tR7rD0Q7kNvgH91p4X&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-man2-1.xx&_nc_gid=APHkhTaPmIIKrInycSLhk-E&oh=00_AYAxPXCnVoRM8uZRy7M5GMrzwB6imLcOTD-a_cyieKv7dQ&oe=679EA47E,https://scontent-man2-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/327028308_1384373842374487_8357326157150181191_n.jpg?stp=dst-jpg_s600x600_tt6&_nc_cat=105&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=833d8c&_nc_ohc", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/barbara.starnes1/posts/pfbid032LdWPSF9dhDJqey9yeeCCEJB1K4ndyeUaCLULqRyUo9ygPXCoXyNMK8QeEvENoBMl", "reporting_source": "facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241206205336/https://fullfact.org/online/apeel-sciences-edipeel-fruit-vegetables-safety/", "date": "2023-04-18", "label": "Supported", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The Foundation committed almost $1M in funds in 2015.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241206205336/https://www.gatesfoundation.org/about/committed-grants/2015/08/opp1130141", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "How much in grant funds has the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation committed to Apeel Sciences?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The company was names as a WEF World Technology Pioneer in 2018.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241206205336/https://www.weforum.org/press/2018/06/meet-the-2018-world-economic-forum-technology-pioneers/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "How is Apeel Sciences associated with the World Economic Forum?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "Q1 confirms that the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation committed nearly $1 million in funding in 2015, while Q2 confirms that Apeel Sciences is associated with the World Economic Forum, having been named a WEF World Technology Pioneer in 2018.", "claim_text": "Apeel Sciences is funded by Bill Gates and has been endorsed by the World Economic Forum.", "claim_images": ["67a0fd41e2f02e5f4994a254#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67a0fd41e2f02e5f4994a254#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Jodi O'Malley", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://scontent-man2-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/341667235_3099109767060376_6351558827830732232_n.jpg?stp=dst-jpg_s600x600_tt6&_nc_cat=105&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=833d8c&_nc_ohc=ZNctYsodsW8Q7kNvgFZVel7&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-man2-1.xx&_nc_gid=AdGH1TcacnVPDXmKP6e1cVj&oh=00_AYBMTeMyDQDtrsg76bb62D-lBCXtayGzJGTQN1iJK7Vp3g&oe=679EC09B", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/jodi.omalley.7/posts/pfbid0NUa8uQQB34aEJKULvqkThvctRMR6vCj8achuRiWs5cj7JHMizQneUhFuAkMDq7mul", "reporting_source": "facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted", "Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230523121113/https://factly.in/no-tata-group-is-not-constructing-the-new-parliament-building-free-of-cost/", "date": "2023-04-06", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The initial estimated cost was increased to over Rs. 1250 crores in January 2012.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230523121113/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/new-parliament-cost-shoots-up-by-29-per-cent-to-over-1-250-crore-2720239", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "How much is the estimated cost of the construction of the new Parliament building?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The CPWD has sought in-principal approval of this amount.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230523121113/https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2022/jan/20/new-parliament-building-cost-likely-to-go-up-by-rs-200-crore-cpwd-expected-to-get-approval-sources-2409255.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Has the construction funding at this cost been approved?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted with an authoritative source dated 2022 that the cost of constructing the new Parliament building had already far exceeded 1,250 crore.", "claim_text": "The Tata Group is constructing the new Indian parliament building for a cost of 1 rupee.", "claim_images": ["67a0ffb2e2f02e5f4994a56a#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67a0ffb2e2f02e5f4994a56a#CLAIM#1.jpg", "67a0ffb2e2f02e5f4994a56a#CLAIM#2.jpg", "67a0ffb2e2f02e5f4994a56a#CLAIM#3.jpg", "67a0ffb2e2f02e5f4994a56a#CLAIM#4.jpg", "67a0ffb2e2f02e5f4994a56a#CLAIM#5.jpg", "67a0ffb2e2f02e5f4994a56a#CLAIM#6.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Patriots of India", "transcription": "", "media_source": 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"https://web.archive.org/web/20240806172744/https://www.aap.com.au/factcheck/fishy-use-of-data-to-claim-oceans-are-cooling/", "date": "2022-12-24", "label": "Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a10351e2f02e5f4994a88e#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "It appears to be based on NOAA's global sea surface data on temperature anomalies.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240708004229/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/monitoring/global-temperature-anomalies/anomalies", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where was the data in the graph in the 2-th image sourced from?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a10351e2f02e5f4994a88e#INPUT#1#0.jpg", "67a10351e2f02e5f4994a88e#INPUT#1#1.jpg", "67a10351e2f02e5f4994a88e#INPUT#1#2.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The graphs show data from 2014 to 2022, or over 8 years."}], "question": "What time period do the graphs in the 1-th, 2-th, and 3-th images show?", "answer_method": "Image Analysis", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Image", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240806163631/https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-sea-surface-temperature", "source_medium": "Image/graphic", "image_answers": ["67a10351e2f02e5f4994a88e#ANSWER#2#0#0.jpg"]}], "question": "What do long-term trends of sea surface temperatures show?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Image", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240806163649/https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-ocean-heat", "source_medium": "Image/graphic", "image_answers": ["67a10351e2f02e5f4994a88e#ANSWER#3#0#0.jpg"]}], "question": "What do long-term trends of ocean heat show?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Since 1955, the oceans have absorbed about 90% of the excess heat in the atmosphere. The US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) states that the average ocean surface temperature has risen by 0.07 degrees Celsius every decade for the past 100 years. But it has risen twice as fast since 1985.\n\n", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230327074146/https://letstalkscience.ca/educational-resources/stem-in-context/what-ocean-warming-and-why-does-it-matter", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) say about ocean surface temperature since 1955?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The decade-long cooling is just a temporary offset to warming from human activity. After it passes, temperatures will begin climbing again. By 2030, the model forecasts the same global temperatures as the IPCC.", "source_url": "https://blogs.edf.org/climate411/2008/05/02/decade_of_cooling/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Is 8 years an accurate time frame for accurate analysis of ocean cooling trends?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is misleading, based on QA pairs. The decade-long cooling is just a temporary offset to warming from human activity.  The US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) states that the average ocean surface temperature has risen by 0.07 degrees Celsius every decade for the past 100 years. But it has risen twice as fast since 1985.\n\n", "claim_text": "The oceans have cooled over the past decade despite an increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration.", "claim_images": ["67a10351e2f02e5f4994a88e#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67a10351e2f02e5f4994a88e#CLAIM#1.jpg", "67a10351e2f02e5f4994a88e#CLAIM#2.jpg", "67a10351e2f02e5f4994a88e#CLAIM#3.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@MatthewWielicki", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FktazVzaAAA0g2c?format=jpg&name=small,https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FktazfCaMAMbl8L?format=jpg&name=small,https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FktaznKagAAdqKE?format=jpg&name=small,https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FktazKzaEAAECb-?format=jpg&name=360x360", "original_claim_url": "https://x.com/matthewwielicki/status/1606477536468545537", "reporting_source": "facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Fact-checker Reference"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted", "Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240530215658/https://en.youturn.in/factcheck/okra-ovulation-fertility-and-rain-pregnancy.html", "date": "2023-01-06", "label": "Refuted", "location": "NG", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The only benefit of okra linked to pregnancy and breastfeeding is that it contains folate, an essential vitamin.", "source_url": "https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/311977", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What medical benefits are associated with consuming okra and pregancy?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Unanswerable", "answer_text": "No answer could be found."}], "question": "How does okra help increase ovulation and fertility in humans?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "okra", "source_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?id=455045", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the common name for Abelmoschus esculentus?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Though Abelmoschus esculentus fruit methanol extract increased the antioxidant activities, it reduced the body weight and follicle-stimulating hormone level and caused severe inflammation and fibrosis of the ovary and uterus. Abelmoschus esculentus fruit methanol extract adversely altered the reproductive functions of female Wistar rats by disrupting the ovarian and uterine cytology and reducing hormone levels.", "source_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9126746/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Have any research studies been done on the reproductive effects of Abelmoschus esculentus?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by the QA pairs.", "claim_text": "Okra water boosts fertility and increases the chance of having twins.", "claim_images": ["67a10e3ce2f02e5f4994b45a#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67a10e3ce2f02e5f4994b45a#CLAIM#1.jpg", "67a10e3ce2f02e5f4994b45a#CLAIM#2.jpg", "67a10e3ce2f02e5f4994b45a#CLAIM#3.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Fertility for all", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://archive.is/trsCK/3247f5933c08107381ca0129f427692c0e5b12bd.jpg,https://archive.is/trsCK/4d74806f1b702a3579753f6f230b4256584c5c4e.jpg,https://archive.is/trsCK/55e1cc870391fd37e884a03ac3f7b73fd4e168ea.jpg", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.is/trsCK", "reporting_source": "facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Keyword Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted"], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20231222160637/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.33CP7YL", "date": "2023-04-02", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Niko House, who runs a Twitter page called \"Joe Biden Hates Black People,\" suggested that the \"zaza demon\" account was linked to Ocasio-Cortez.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20231222160637/https://archive.is/nOo6a", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who initially suggested that Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez had a twitter burner account?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Before deactivating the account, the owner (who goes by the name \"colton\") stated several times they were \"not aoc.\"", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20231222160637/https://archive.is/yhQ3A", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Did the \"zaza demon\" account indicate it was associated with Ocasio-Cortez?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "On her verified Twitter account, she states \" I don\u2019t do burners\"", "source_url": "https://x.com/AOC/status/1643301842254716943?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does Ocasio-Cortez say about owning a burner Twitter account?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is refuted by the evidence. AOC stated she didn't run a secret twitter page and the page owner confirmed he was not AOC.", "claim_text": "Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez ran a secret Twitter page", "claim_images": ["67a11091e2f02e5f4994b7a4#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67a11091e2f02e5f4994b7a4#CLAIM#1.jpg", "67a11091e2f02e5f4994b7a4#CLAIM#2.jpg", "67a11091e2f02e5f4994b7a4#CLAIM#3.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@liz_churchill9", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230518065231im_/https://archive.is/b5VQn/77d7e4b5acc1964f2406dea1c9478611ce302241.jpg,https://web.archive.org/web/20230518021121im_/https://archive.is/b5VQn/245a53194da137fd326680eb2ad278756413f469.jpg,https://web.archive.org/web/20230518054809im_/https://archive.is/b5VQn/ea998321e70f8511429317c664ba03608fe8eb98.jpg", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230518015925/https://archive.is/b5VQn", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted"], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230602222204/https://www.thequint.com/news/webqoof/sanju-samson-discovered-yashasvi-jaiswal-selling-pani-puri-fact-check", "date": "2023-04-29", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a1159de2f02e5f4994bfb7#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "A similar photo was seen in a 2018 photo story in the Hindustan Times.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230602222204/https://www.hindustantimes.com/photos/india-news/photos-teen-pani-puri-seller-yashasvi-dons-india-odi-jersey-in-sri-lanka/photo-I2AWycwao47BlZYxxZLaWP-5.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was this photo taken?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Jaiswal first debuted in the first class format in January 2019.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230602222204/https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricketers/yashasvi-jaiswal-1151278/matches", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When did Yashasvi Jaiswal start playing first-class format cricket?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "2020.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230602222204/https://perma.cc/ZHQ3-BDGB", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When did Sanju Samson claim to discover Jaiswal?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that CLAIM_IMG_1 was taken in 2018, a year prior to his professional cricket debut. In addition, a source provided states that Jaiswal sold pan puri when he was 12.", "claim_text": "Sanju Samson discovered Yashasvi Jaiswal While Eating Pani Puri", "claim_images": ["67a1159de2f02e5f4994bfb7#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67a1159de2f02e5f4994bfb7#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Ankit Kumar Thakur", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://perma.cc/Y27J-4J4Q", "reporting_source": "facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Keyword Search", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230130020909/https://www.wtol.com/article/news/verify/food-verify/no-kitchenaid-mixer-attachments-recall-due-to-lead-fact-check/536-c59a08a9-bd9f-4dd2-ba34-e14fb51ad43f", "date": "2023-01-22", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Tests on cast aluminum attachments, including paddles and dough hooks, have lead levels above 2400 ppm.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230130020909/https://www.facebook.com/LeadSafeMama/posts/pfbid0JePTVsHqd5ro7wM6WHvm8axqF5kipbw6pZAEcnikxioZm2KwvXgDA7gXyzGYRwxAl?__cft__[0]=AZVi-x55ZDJGgkcA39a3hgBsN1BleViVVly9VU_iI-4Nv72wl_rAHvgZ5oaK5WVgISEvFSJDX6SDyiVZuOykxBzIY583NV4mcOEuwPVXsp7pMereO8Qaso3V97yB_uGLJdHFzl2-l9gG_KB_OrXZpxZ7nSIei5Gp_qLCX9zHlX_ozlpuZ6nJa93YbS66zt0BR8M&__tn__=%2CO%2CP-R", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Is lead currently present in Kitchenaid attachments?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Unanswerable", "answer_text": "No answer could be found."}], "question": "Have other labs confirmed these findings?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The FDA limits amount of leachable lead in utensils such as flatware to about 3 ppm.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230130020909/https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents/cpg-sec-545450-pottery-ceramics-import-and-domestic-lead-contamination", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the safe level for lead in kitchen products?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Cast aluminum accessories are tested by a third party and have a food-safe coating that is tested both for lead content and lead migration.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230130020909/https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/cfrsearch.cfm?fr=175.300", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "How does Kitchenaid keep leachable lead at safe levels?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "No current recalls are listed.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230130020909/https://www.cpsc.gov/Recalls", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Are there any government recalls on KitchenAid products?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by providing the FDA standards for leachable lead and testing, and by proving there are no recalls for KitchenAid products. Additionally, the source provided in which the 2400 ppm allegation is made, contains a post from KitchenAid asserting that its products are lead-free.", "claim_text": "KitchenAid mixers are being recalled due to lead contaimination.", "claim_images": ["67a11a37e2f02e5f4994c8d8#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67a11a37e2f02e5f4994c8d8#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "leadsafemama", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://www.instagram.com/p/CnyAlturQ6U/", "reporting_source": "Instagram", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted"], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240717192953/https://www.altnews.in/cpi-not-among-top-20-deadliest-terror-groups-aussie-thinktank-rectifies-error/", "date": "2023-03-16", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Communist Party of India (Maoist)", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241007133306/https://www.visionofhumanity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/GTI-2023-web-270323.pdf", "source_medium": "PDF"}], "question": "Which party appeared as the 12th position in the top 20 deadliest terror groups of 2022?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230327120313/https://www.republicworld.com/india-news/politics/iep-lists-communist-party-of-india-on-list-of-worlds-20-deadliest-terror-groups-of-2022-articleshow.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "CPI (Maoist) is a banned terror group in India and is distinct from CPI, a political party in India."}], "question": "Is the Communist Party of India the same as the Communist Party of India (Maoist)?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Commonsense-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by demonstrating that the offical report of the Global Terrorism Index shows CPI (Maoist) in 12th place in 2022, which is a banned group in India, and a distinctly different group than CPI which is mistakenly shown in the image.", "claim_text": "The Communist party of India (CPI) is in the top 20 deadliest terror groups of 2022.", "claim_images": ["67a144c9e2f02e5f49951c32#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@pratheesh_Hind", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230327111712im_/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FrVUW3ZaQAY1h2M?format=jpg&name=medium", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230327111712/https://twitter.com/pratheesh_Hind/status/1636306803318222851?s=20", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240620044944/https://www.altnews.in/false-claims-of-youtuber-manish-kashyap-getting-clean-chit-viral-on-social-media/", "date": "2023-04-01", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240909031034/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chennai/migrants-fake-videos-case-youtube-manish-kashyap-booked-under-nsa-in-tamil-nadu-8541508/", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "He was sent to the Madurai central prison in April."}], "question": "Did Manish Kashyap remain in prison in April of 2023?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Kashyap appeared before a Madurai district court, which had ordered that he be remanded to judicial custody for 15 days following which he was sent to the Madurai central prison. The court has extended his judicial custody till April 19, news agency ANI reported.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240909031034/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chennai/migrants-fake-videos-case-youtube-manish-kashyap-booked-under-nsa-in-tamil-nadu-8541508/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What did the court order regarding his case?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by providing a source that shows Kashyap's arrest was in March, 2023 and that he was still in custody as of April 19th, which is after the claim date.", "claim_text": "YouTuber Manish Kashyap was cleared of any wrong doing after his recent arrest.", "claim_images": ["67a14888e2f02e5f4995452b#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@AnujBajpai_", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FsuV-RvakAA2mGP?format=jpg&name=small", "original_claim_url": "https://x.com/AnujBajpai_/status/1642571388547637248?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw", "reporting_source": "X ", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Keyword Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240712210121/https://factly.in/no-scientific-evidence-to-prove-that-ghee-used-in-homas-yagnas-produces-propylene-oxide-essential-for-rain/", "date": "2023-05-18", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The initial method for producing PO was the chlorination of propylene in water to give a mixture of chlorohydrins, followed by dehydrochlorinaton with potassium hydroxide. A process developed subsequently was the direct oxidation of propylene with an organic hydroperoxide. Both processes are in use today.", "source_url": "https://www.acs.org/molecule-of-the-week/archive/p/propylene-oxide.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "How is Propylene Oxide made?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Samagri and ghee are burnt with mantric recitations.", "source_url": "https://www.ahymsin.org/yajna-homa-or-havana-or-agni-hotra-a-brief-introduction/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "How is ghee used in a homa or yagna?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Commonsense-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "Ghee is primarily made of fatty acids.", "source_url": "https://www.scielo.br/j/cta/a/RMsTxb4FxJhm4PX6wqmh7JJ/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is ghee made of?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "Carbon dioxide and water", "source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatty_acid", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is released when fatty acids are burnt?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": []}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "carbon dioxide, water vapor, and a variety of other compounds, depending on what the original wood was made of", "source_url": "https://van.physics.illinois.edu/ask/listing/1535", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is released when wood is burnt?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by describing the two processes by which propylene oxide is made (neither of which involves fire).", "claim_text": "Ghee Used in Homas/Yagnas Produces Propylene Oxide", "claim_images": ["67a14ff3e2f02e5f49955226#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Sanskriti", "transcription": "Do you know? When we put Ghee in to fire during Yagna/Homa it will form propeline oxide, it's necessary for raining.", "media_source": "https://scontent-man2-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/348475731_125262600562826_9104663908387075398_n.jpg?_nc_cat=104&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=127cfc&_nc_ohc=VnJ4yOZH1kAQ7kNvgEyN744&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-man2-1.xx&_nc_gid=Aue6mrE7u2B7tSyAl4pXuVn&oh=00_AYBCwM7nLkSS6WsShZR-SaSURDyi67NIb14qEGxnySic6A&oe=6795E044", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=617284540436500&set=a.545420890956199", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted"], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240712210121/https://factly.in/no-scientific-evidence-to-prove-that-ghee-used-in-homas-yagnas-produces-propylene-oxide-essential-for-rain/", "date": "2023-05-18", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Rain is liquid precipitation: water falling from the sky. Raindrops fall to Earth when clouds become saturated, or filled, with water droplets. Millions of water droplets bump into each other as they gather in a cloud. When a small water droplet bumps into a bigger one, it condenses, or combines, with the larger one. As this continues to happen, the droplet gets heavier and heavier. When the water droplet becomes too heavy to continue floating around in the cloud, it falls to the ground.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240619015612/https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/rain/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "How is rain formed?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Clouds are created when water vapor, an invisible gas, turns into liquid water droplets. These water droplets form on tiny particles, like dust, that are floating in the air.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240713064955/https://climatekids.nasa.gov/cloud-formation/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "How do clouds form?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240530060832/https://zerogeoengineering.com/2021/8-chemicals-used-in-artificial-rain-cloud-seeding/", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Propylene Oxide is not used in artificial rain formation, but compounds such as silver iodide and potassium iodide are."}], "question": "Is Propylene Oxide among the agents used for artificial rain formation?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Used as a fumigant, in making detergents and lubricants, and to make other chemicals. Propylene oxide is used in the production of polyethers (the primary component of polyurethane foams) and propylene glycol.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240515162724/https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Propylene-Oxide", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is Propylene Oxide used for?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by describing how rain forms, stating what other compounds have been actually used to seed clouds, and proving that propylene oxide is used as a fumigant.", "claim_text": "Propylene Oxide is essential  for rain to form.", "claim_images": ["67a1600ee2f02e5f49957065#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Sanskriti", "transcription": "Do you know? When we put Ghee in to fire during Yagna/Homa it will form propeline oxide, it's necessary for raining.", "media_source": "https://scontent-man2-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/348475731_125262600562826_9104663908387075398_n.jpg?_nc_cat=104&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=127cfc&_nc_ohc=VnJ4yOZH1kAQ7kNvgEyN744&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-man2-1.xx&_nc_gid=Aue6mrE7u2B7tSyAl4pXuVn&oh=00_AYBCwM7nLkSS6WsShZR-SaSURDyi67NIb14qEGxnySic6A&oe=6795E044", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=617284540436500&set=a.545420890956199", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted"], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20231003072847/https://www.telugupost.com/english-factcheck/campus-shoes-banned-tricolour-themed-shoes-two-years-ago-but-the-product-goes-viral-again-1464516", "date": "2023-02-12", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a162c7e2f02e5f4995769f#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20211128143558/https://twitter.com/aka_striker/status/1464657783031091204", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "A tweet was made about the shoe design in 2021."}], "question": "Is the shoe design from campus shoes recent?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a162c7e2f02e5f4995769f#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Image", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230221013115/https://twitter.com/campusshoes/status/1623943191941746688", "source_medium": "Image/graphic", "image_answers": ["67a162c7e2f02e5f4995769f#ANSWER#1#0#0.jpg"]}], "question": "Is Campus Shoes still selling the shoes from this picture?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "the claim is refuted by the QA pairs. The picture is old (2021) and the shoes were discontinued.", "claim_text": "Recently released footwear from Campus shoes feature the Indian Flags colours on the soles.", "claim_images": ["67a162c7e2f02e5f4995769f#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@SinghRandhir9", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FovpdheaMAAERjG?format=jpg&name=small", "original_claim_url": "https://x.com/SinghRandhir9/status/1624648787770884096", "reporting_source": "X ", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Keyword Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240623041758/https://newschecker.in/fact-check/shark-tank-india-judge-vineeta-singh-did-not-act-in-3-idiots/", "date": "2023-01-08", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a16a00e2f02e5f499579e5#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "Sharman Joshi\u2019s mother in the film 3 Idiots", "source_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-lUpXJk4070", "source_medium": "Video"}], "question": "Who is the person in this photo?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a16a00e2f02e5f499579e5#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Vineeta Singh", "source_url": "https://bharatflux.com/vineeta-singh-biography-age-lifestyle-unknown-facts-more/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is the person in this photo?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Amardeep Jha", "source_url": "https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1187043/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the name of the actress who played Sharman Joshi\u2019s mother in the film 3 Idiots?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that the role was not played by Vineeta Singh, but by Amardeep Jha.", "claim_text": "Vineeta Singh, Sugar Cosmetics CEO and Shark Tank India judge, had played the role of actor Sharman Joshi\u2019s mother, in the 2009 Bollywood hit \u201c3 Idiots\u201d.", "claim_images": ["67a16a00e2f02e5f499579e5#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67a16a00e2f02e5f499579e5#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@lazzy_hub", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230112061711im_/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/Fl9q92UagAMPLuS?format=jpg&name=900x900", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230112061710/https://twitter.com/lazzy_hub/status/1612124806786482181", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Keyword Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240622005125/https://newschecker.in/fact-check/30-concession-on-ksrtc-fare-for-hajj-pilgrims-in-kerala-no-discount-is-for-specific-routes/", "date": "2023-05-26", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The Kerala State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC) has announced a 30% fare discount for passengers on the newly launched takeover services.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240718061734/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/ksrtc-to-offer-30-discount-on-takeover-services/article66734665.ece", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What 30% discount has been announced by KSRTC?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Unanswerable", "answer_text": "No answer could be found."}], "question": "Does KRSTC offer any discounts for Hajj pilgrims?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": " the KSRTC recently started 223 takeover services as per the direction of the State government on routes above 140 km order to benefit passengers.  The corporation would offer 30% discount on ticket fare on these routes to attract passengers, said a release issued by the Corporation here on Thursday.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240718061734/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/ksrtc-to-offer-30-discount-on-takeover-services/article66734665.ece", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What did news reports say about 30% discount?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": []}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Complaints were received that private buses were operating alongside the new long-distance services operated by KSSRTC. These are causing huge losses by operating ahead of KSSRT buses. It is in this context that KSRTC announced a 30% discount on the fares of 223 newly started takeover services.\n\n", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240724175926/https://malayalam.indiatoday.in/keralam/story/ksrtc-offer-30-percentage-fare-discount-on-take-over-routes-542380-2023-04-13", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What was the discount in response to?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is refuted by the evidence. KSRTC announced a 30% discount on the fares of 223 newly started takeover services ,and not for Hajj pilgrims.\n\n", "claim_text": "KSRTC offering 30% discount to Hajj pilgrims in Kerala.", "claim_images": ["67a16d03e2f02e5f49957a24#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@TRILOKHNATH", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230526052251im_/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/Fw-gfx7aUAAk6g_?format=jpg&name=medium", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230526052251/https://twitter.com/TRILOKHNATH/status/1661723259795296256", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Keyword Search", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230530041219/https://en.youturn.in/factcheck/was-7000-crore-black-money-seized-from-believers-church-in-kerala.html", "date": "2020-11-09", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The Income Tax department raided various properties of Kerala-based Believers Eastern Church, for allegedly siphoning off crores of money that it received from abroad as donations for the poor. The Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT) conducted the raids on 66 institutions linked to the church in Tamil Nadu, Telangana Karnataka, West Bengal, Chandigarh, and Punjab...\nAfter the raid on Thursday, a total of Rs 6 crore was recovered, including Rs 3.85 crore from a place of worship in Delhi, CBDT said. ", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230528083617/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/i-t-raids-kerala-based-believers-church-alleged-misappropriation-funds-137081", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What did news reports say about raids linked to Beilever's Eastern church in various states of India?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Unexplained cash of approximately Rs. 6 crore has also been found during the search, including Rs 3.85 crore in a place of worship in Delhi.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230531011330/https://incometaxindia.gov.in/Lists/Press%20Releases/Attachments/872/PressRelease_ITD_conducts_searches_in_Kerala_6_11_20.pdf", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What did a press release by the Income Tax of India say about the crores recovered?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.pmindia.gov.in/en/news_updates/dr-k-p-yohannan-metropolitan-bishop-believers-church-kerala-calls-on-pm/", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "K. P. Yohannan, Metropolitan Bishop of Believers Church, Kerala"}], "question": "Is Bishop Johanan Vagayara bishop of the BEC Church?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is refuted by the evidence. The claim should be corrected to \n\"7000 crore of black/dirty money was seized from Believers Eastern Church in Kerala which is ran by Bishop Johanan Vagayara after being caught by the Enforcement Department.\" A total of Rs 6 crore was recovered and not 7000, and K.P. Yohannan is the bishop of the church and not Johanan Wagyara.", "claim_text": "7000 crore of black/dirty money was seized from Belorussian Eastern Church in Kerala which is ran by Bishop Johanan Vagayara after being caught by the Enforcement Department..", "claim_images": ["67a16f36e2f02e5f49957ce1#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@kavita_tewari", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EmZAQChVgAASADp?format=jpg&name=small", "original_claim_url": "https://x.com/kavita_tewari/status/1325817787575492609?s=46&t=kIszbQH_arRSG8kPbuGeZw", "reporting_source": "X ", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Keyword Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240617143949/https://www.altnews.in/image-of-burqa-clad-students-who-won-scholarships-shared-with-false-communal-claim/", "date": "2023-01-18", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "Girl students from underprivileged families. No mention of religion is made.", "source_url": "https://www.thehansindia.com/business/malabar-gold-gives-scholarships-to-1000-girl-students-720962", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is eligible for Malabar Charitable Trust scholarships?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "At the 13-second mark, we see a disclaimer that states, \u201cBeneficiaries included bright young scholars from needy families across all sections of the society without consideration to caste or community.\u201d", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230201121842/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oLAzGfsg3fs&feature=youtu.be", "source_medium": "Video"}], "question": "What does a video from the official YouTube page of Malabar Gold and Diamonds say about the Educational Scholarship program?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a179cae2f02e5f499580cb#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "A poster on the the scholarship programme. It says that scholarships were given to 630 girl students from more than 60 colleges. The images show that scholarships were not given to girls from any one particular community.", "source_url": "https://drive.google.com/file/d/1LKEHmu8wrrLboR5VHDcduzTDmlhRgtXd/view?usp=share_link", "source_medium": "PDF"}], "question": "What is the source of the 0-th image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is refuted by QA pairs. The images in QA3 show that scholarships were not given to girls from any particular community.", "claim_text": "Malabar Charitable Trust offers scholarships exclusively to girls from the Muslim community.", "claim_images": ["67a179cae2f02e5f499580cb#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@satviksoul", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://pbs.twimg.com/media/Fmw7zmUaYAIXL5E?format=jpg&name=small", "original_claim_url": "https://x.com/satviksoul/status/1615732132114223105", "reporting_source": "X", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Video Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230424080500/https://srilanka.factcrescendo.com/english/misleading-video-being-spread-stating-opposition-leader-sajith-decided-to-start-a-political-coalition-with-president-ranil-wickremesinghe/", "date": "2023-04-15", "label": "Refuted", "location": "LK", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "Apr 15, 2023", "source_url": "https://www.awesomescreenshot.com/image/39002786?key=a60b16f73f102dfab1e2a24fd620dc9b", "source_medium": "Image/graphic"}], "question": "When was the claim made?", "answer_method": "Metadata", "question_type": ["Metadata-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a182e9e2f02e5f4995817b#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Feb 26, 2020", "source_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IWA9kB-L5Dk", "source_medium": "Video"}], "question": "When was the photo originally captured?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Samagi Jana Balawegaya (SJB)", "source_url": "https://www.aninews.in/news/world/asia/sl-president-poll-premadasa-to-be-appointed-as-pm-if-allahaperuma-voted-president-says-sjb20220719130450/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "To what party does Sajith Premadasa currently belong?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that the image is from 2020, not 2023, and that Premadasa belongs to SJB, not UNP.", "claim_text": "Sajith Premadasa has decided to join the United National Party and build a coalition with President Ranil Wickremesinghe.", "claim_images": ["67a182e9e2f02e5f4995817b#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "noyel priyshantha", "transcription": "Ranja said that a new political journey is starting with the United National Party. Cey on Newsline is working together with Mr. Ranil Wickramasinghe.", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://www.awesomescreenshot.com/image/39002786?key=a60b16f73f102dfab1e2a24fd620dc9b", "reporting_source": "face", "claim_types": ["Position Statement"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Video Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted", "Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524141738/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.33E99KK", "date": "2023-04-23", "label": "Refuted", "location": "TH", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a18625e2f02e5f49958454#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "April 23, 2023", "source_url": "https://archive.ph/AiG5A", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What date was this rally held?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Image", "source_url": "https://archive.ph/AiG5A", "source_medium": "Image/graphic", "image_answers": ["67a18625e2f02e5f49958454#ANSWER#1#0#0.jpg", "67a18625e2f02e5f49958454#ANSWER#1#0#1.jpg"]}], "question": "Are there any other photos of the Move Forward Party rally held on April 23rd that show more people in attendance?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted because, aside from the two photos provided, the source includes another photo with an even larger crowd and claims that the party was \"overwhelmed by the welcome.\"", "claim_text": "The Move Forward Party's political rally in Southern Krabi province, Thailand had a very small crowd attendance", "claim_images": ["67a18625e2f02e5f49958454#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "The MalaengtaD", "transcription": "Krabi people's eyes are open! If you don't take the party forward, the party will fall.", "media_source": "https://archive.ph/zuhsW/a0872423dd32a48f2c549e526894e074408e9bde.png", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.ph/zuhsW", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Video Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240911202101/https://verafiles.org/articles/vera-files-fact-check-marcos-dof-falsely-claim-ph-leads-gdp-growth-forecast-in-asia", "date": "2023-04-20", "label": "Refuted", "location": "PH", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "6.033%", "source_url": "https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/April/weo-report?c=513,514,516,522,924,819,534,536,826,544,548,556,867,868,948,518,836,558,565,853,566,862,813,524,578,537,866,869,846,582,&s=NGDP_RPCH,&sy=2022&ey=2024&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=0&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1", "source_medium": "Web table"}], "question": "What is the projected gross domestic product of the Philippines on the IMF's April 2023 report?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "Fiji with 6.985% and the Maldives with 7.225%.", "source_url": "https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/April/weo-report?c=513,514,516,522,924,819,534,536,826,544,548,556,867,868,948,518,836,558,565,853,566,862,813,524,578,537,866,869,846,582,&s=NGDP_RPCH,&sy=2022&ey=2024&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=0&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1", "source_medium": "Web table"}], "question": "Which Asian countries in the same report had a higher projected gross domestic product?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is handily refuted by proving that Fiji and the Maldives had higher percentages of projected GDP according to the IMF in April, 2023.", "claim_text": "The Philippine economy is leading all Asian countries in the growth of projected gross domestic product based on the International Monetary Fund report in April 2023", "claim_images": ["67a18894e2f02e5f499584af#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Bongbong Marcos", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://archive.md/qDy3L/0bbd5863755fe3d07312937c9ea5325dca3aae62.jpg", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.md/qDy3L", "reporting_source": "facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted", "Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Others"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241008053206/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.33JQ83X", "date": "2023-05-25", "label": "Refuted", "location": "LK", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "citronella oil, lemon grass oil, neem oil and chemical repellents containing DEET (N,N-Diethyl-m-toluamide)", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240919031530/https://www.dengue.health.gov.lk/web/index.php/en/information/how-to-prevent", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the NDCU Ministry of Health list as effective natural repellents for mosquitos carrying the dengue virus?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Clove oil is commonly used in dental root canal surgery for its antimicrobial properties (Trongtokit et al., 2004) but has not gained much support for use as an insect repellant.", "source_url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0882596311001898", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Can cloves repel mosquitos?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/325337#clove", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "In a 2013 study, researchers mixed clove essential oil with bases of olive and coconut oil, which volunteers then applied topically to their skin.\n\nThe clove oil mixtures protected against yellow fever mosquitoes for up to 96 minutes.\n\nOther researchTrusted Source suggests that a component of cloves called methyl eugenol could be a carcinogen, but these claims require further research.\n\nThese studies used clove oil, not the flower bud form of cloves as indicated in the post."}], "question": "Are cloves in the natural state effective at mosquito prevention?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is refuted by QA pairs. Neither limes nor cloves are proven to be mosquito repellants.", "claim_text": "Limes spiked with Cloves repel mosquitoes that carry the dengue virus.", "claim_images": ["67a26b2ce2f02e5f4996024e#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Sri Sri Madhara", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://archive.ph/9rvkF/d5ab797a2f9920cec55a7abf8adc9bfc111f9cf3.jpg", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.ph/9rvkF", "reporting_source": "facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted"], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240616111051/https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2023/01/fact-check-no-speedway-gift-card-as-settlement-for-high-prices-its-a-hoax.html", "date": "2023-01-23", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a26dbee2f02e5f499602c1#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "Shell Oil Company gas station", "source_url": "https://www.reuters.com/world/us/louisiana-left-without-power-mississippi-highway-collapses-idas-wake-2021-08-31/", "source_medium": "Image/graphic"}], "question": "Which gas station is pictured here?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Speedway LLC (hereafter, \u201cSpeedway\u201d or \u201cSponsor\u201d) will offer a $500 Speedy Cash Card sweepstakes.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240719075443/https://assets.speedway.com/documents/SweepstakesTerms/Sweepstakes_1729_terms.pdf", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Is Speedway offering a $500 gift card?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "There is no mention of a settlement or lawsuit.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240719075443/https://assets.speedway.com/documents/SweepstakesTerms/Sweepstakes_1729_terms.pdf", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Is the $500 gift card connected to a settlement agreement?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that Speedway was conducting a $500 cash card sweepstakes, not offering a settlement.", "claim_text": "Speedway is offering its customers a $500 Gift Card as Settlement for their previously high prices of 2022", "claim_images": ["67a26dbee2f02e5f499602c1#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67a26dbee2f02e5f499602c1#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Gas for you", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://scontent-man2-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/468905739_548692661471502_4676856738134417494_n.jpg?_nc_cat=105&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=127cfc&_nc_ohc=bpnC3u05Oc8Q7kNvgF9K46L&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-man2-1.xx&_nc_gid=Af9kKaMCr42U4OkrjzUkaSO&oh=00_AYAjBi3n9SUJTdO70F1XJvFxyqvRpChzhX5Vnz6p9dls2g&oe=679851DA", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/100719579602148/photos/a.100719836268789/100719876268785", "reporting_source": "facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search", "Keyword Search", "Fact-checker Reference"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240328003611/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2023/01/05/fact-check-putting-shoes-babies-unlikely-cause-harm-experts-say-barefoot-podiatry-infant-feet/10989907002/", "date": "2023-01-02", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.babygaga.com/danger-toddlers-improper-shoe-size/", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "As long as the shoes are not too tight, wearing shoes is not inherently dangerous."}], "question": "Is putting shoes on babies inherently dangerous?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "For children that are stuck wearing the wrong sizes, it can hinder the growth and development of their feet later in life. This can lead to all sorts of physical problems, including minor foot ailments, such as blisters, cuts, and other sore spots. It can also cause ingrown toenails or feet deformities such as bunions, hammertoes, calluses, and corns.", "source_url": "https://caronorelowitz.co.nz/news/the-danger-in-toddlers-wearing-the-wrong-shoe-size-why-it-matters/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What dangers are associated with babies wearing shoes?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving with authoritative sources that only ill-fitting shoes will harm a baby's feet.", "claim_text": "Babies should never wear shoes because it will harm development ", "claim_images": ["67a272f7e2f02e5f49960344#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Brown Mike", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.org/details/jan-2-2023-facebook-post-by-brown-mike", "reporting_source": "facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted", "Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240515020408/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2023/01/11/fact-check-popes-death-determined-traditional-means-not-hammer/11020726002/", "date": "2023-01-01", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "As soon as he is informed of the death of the Supreme Pontiff, the Camerlengo of Holy Roman Church must officially ascertain the Pope's death, in the presence of the Master of Papal Liturgical Celebrations, of the Cleric Prelates of the Apostolic Camera and of the Secretary and Chancellor of the same; the latter shall draw up the official death certificate.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240508211650/https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/apost_constitutions/documents/hf_jp-ii_apc_22021996_universi-dominici-gregis.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What are the procedures for the death of a reigning pope?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a29afbe2f02e5f49964161#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "It is used to open a holy door. This is typically done by knocking three times on the door with a hammer.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240522154841/https://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/documents/ns_lit_doc_14121999_porta-santa_en.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is a hammer like this used for?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that the hammer is used in a Catholic ritual for opening a holy door.", "claim_text": "When a pope dies, his death is confirmed in part by tapping his head with a hammer.", "claim_images": ["67a29afbe2f02e5f49964161#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@SofieDoubleu", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FlXuYbhaYAA5Nna?format=jpg&name=900x900", "original_claim_url": "https://twitter.com/SofieDoubleu/status/1609454550452424704", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241125063903/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2023/01/27/fact-check-false-claim-global-population-polar-bears-increasing/11092356002/", "date": "2023-01-04", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a29da4e2f02e5f499641e2#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The graph shows global population estimates from 1993, 1997, 2001, 2005, 2009 and 2021 taken from the Polar Bear Specialist Group\u2019s most recent status report.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241114121713/https://www.iucn-pbsg.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/July-2021-Status-Report-Web.pdf", "source_medium": "PDF"}], "question": "What is the source of the data in the graph according to the footnotes in the 0-th image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Like previous ranges, these numbers must be interpreted with caution because they reflect the\nstatus of polar bears as well as the amount and quality of scientific information, both of which\ncan change over time. Adjustments to the reported global estimate will continue as new\ninformation becomes available. ", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241114121713/https://www.iucn-pbsg.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/July-2021-Status-Report-Web.pdf", "source_medium": "PDF"}], "question": "What did the Polar Bear Specialist status report note about the data?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "According to the \"Status Table for the World's Polar Bear Subpopulations\" in the 2021 report, three of the subpopulations have decreased over the past two generations. None of the subpopulations have increased over the past two generations. Most size changes are noted as \"data deficient.\"", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241114121713/https://www.iucn-pbsg.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/July-2021-Status-Report-Web.pdf", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "According to the table at the end of the report, how many subpopulations of polar bears have decreased over the past two generations, and how many have increased?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://polarbearsinternational.org/polar-bears-changing-arctic/polar-bear-facts/status/", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The number of polar bears worldwide is not increasing. Some populations are recovering after their numbers were vastly reduced by uncontrolled hunting in the 1960s, but that potential for growth is running head first into declining carrying capacity in some regions due to loss of sea ice habitat.\nPolar bears live in remote areas that are difficult and expensive to study. This makes monitoring them a challenge, both for single surveys and long-term studies.\n\nFor this reason, scientists don't have solid figures on the total number of polar bears worldwide. They lack data on some populations, specifically those in Russia and East Greenland."}], "question": "Is the number of polar bears worldwide increasing?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is refuted by QA pairs. On the contrary, global polar bear population has decreased.", "claim_text": "Global polar bear population is increasing in recent decades. ", "claim_images": ["67a29da4e2f02e5f499641e2#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Bj\u00f8rn Lomborg", "transcription": "Polar Bears 1960s-2021 Increasing \u2013 But they don\u2019t want you to know", "media_source": "https://ia800100.us.archive.org/24/items/20230123_20230123_2004/polarbear_archive.png", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.org/details/20230123_20230123_2004", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Numerical Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Media Source Discovery", "Fact-checker Reference"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241009094901/https://pa.media/blogs/fact-check/junior-doctors-earn-more-basic-pay-than-pret-baristas/", "date": "2023-03-12", "label": "Refuted", "location": "GB", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "A junior doctor starting training in Foundation Year 1 can expect full-time basic pay of \u00a329,384 in 22/23.  On average, Foundation Year 1 Doctors have additional earnings worth around 31% of basic pay, covering payments for additional activity and unsocial hours payments, resulting in total earnings of around \u00a338,000.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230202184526/https://healthmedia.blog.gov.uk/web/20230202184526/https://healthmedia.blog.gov.uk/2022/11/30/nhs-industrial-action-media-fact-sheet-2/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "How much does a junior doctor starting their first year of training earn in a year?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "Between \u00a311.20 and \u00a312.85. Assuming a 40 hour work week, this would be a yearly salary of between \u00a323,296 to \u00a326,728.", "source_url": "https://www.standard.co.uk/business/business-news/pret-hikes-worker-salaries-to-keep-within-minimum-pay-rules-b1064148.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the hourly salary of a Pret barista?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving with authoritative sources the salaries of junior doctors and Pret a Manger baristas.", "claim_text": "Junior doctors earn less money than Pret a Manger baristas.", "claim_images": ["67a2a44fe2f02e5f49964279#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@BMAResidents", "transcription": "PRET A MANGER HAS ANNOUNCED IT WILL PAY UP TO \u00a314.10 PER HOUR. A JUNIOR DOCTOR MAKES JUST \u00a314.09. THANKS TO THIS GOVERNMENT YOU CAN MAKE MORE SERVING COFFEE THAN SAVING PATIENTS. THIS WEEK JUNIOR DOCTORS WILL TAKE STRIKE ACTION SO THEY ARE PAID WHAT THEY ARE WORTH.", "media_source": "https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FrAfGetXwAAXh_W?format=jpg&name=medium", "original_claim_url": "https://x.com/BMAResidents/status/1634840867277246465", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Numerical Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Numerical Comparison"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted"], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240623150418/https://checkyourfact.com/2023/05/12/fact-check-mug-shot-texas-shooter/", "date": "2023-05-07", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a2a8e4e2f02e5f4996430c#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "2/10/2022", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230516175137/https://dallastx.mugshots.zone/garcia-mauricio-mugshot-02-10-2022/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the booking date of the pictured individual?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "May 2023", "source_url": "https://www.cnn.com/2023/05/08/us/mauricio-garcia-allen-texas-shooting/index.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When did the Texas mall shooting occur?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a2a8e4e2f02e5f4996430c#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Name\nGARCIA, MAURICIO\nDOB\n10/29/1986\nAge\n35", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230516175137/https://dallastx.mugshots.zone/garcia-mauricio-mugshot-02-10-2022/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the name and age of the pictured individual?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Mauricio Garcia, 33", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241226010636/https://nypost.com/2023/05/08/texas-mall-shooter-appeared-to-time-attack-for-max-carnage/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the name and age of the Texas mall shooter?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "Based on the QA pairs, the claim is refuted. The image of a man is misused. The shooter had the same name but different DOB.", "claim_text": "Image shows the mug shot of the alleged Texas mall shooter. ", "claim_images": ["67a2a8e4e2f02e5f4996430c#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Ani Cole", "transcription": "MAURICIO GARCIA MAURICIO GARCIA WAS BOOKED IN DALLAS COUNTY, TEXAS FOR UNKNOWN. Booking Number: 22004879 Booking Date: 2/10/2022 Age: 35 Gender: M Race: White", "media_source": "https://scontent-lga3-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/345617698_668869458299834_1495670263062198351_n.jpg?_nc_cat=103&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=127cfc&_nc_ohc=fvetXUch_1YQ7kNvgGRBgnO&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-lga3-1.xx&_nc_gid=ANBphkk1k5IJeUypyzqOHNS&oh=00_AYD7T0o4-JvNhHt5we4K_Pa3_UJ1fhX1weQHrbIGVcUnag&oe=6792236B", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/skutercole/posts/pfbid02x4ZRndrwtJgLUXbEPeE5owa7Ynd1qpn4Lb5QmVtAYV9wFwFc7AF3dB4W5RonAnHYl", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230414211410/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2023/03/13/fact-check-photo-shows-accused-pickpocket-punished-vigilantes/11426673002/", "date": "2023-02-18", "label": "Refuted", "location": "UA", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a2acece2f02e5f49964627#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "A Facebook group called \u041b.\u041e.\u0412.\u0426.\u0406.", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/groups/2092767147613075/permalink/3235191363370642#", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where was this photo originally posted?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "A vigilante group from Lviv that persecutes Romani people accused of crimes", "source_url": "https://zakarpattya.net.ua/News/178621-Lviv%E2%80%99iany-hurtuiutsia-u-spilnoty-aby-daty-radu-iz-tsyhanskoiu-zlochynnistiu-z-Zakarpattia", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is \u041b.\u041e.\u0412.\u0426.\u0406.?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that the image is of a Romani girl punished by a vigilante group called L.O.V.C.I.", "claim_text": "Photo shows girl in Ukraine punished for questioning Volodymyr Zelenskyy.", "claim_images": ["67a2acece2f02e5f49964627#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@AlternatNews", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FpO74JwWIAEUOMp?format=jpg&name=medium", "original_claim_url": "https://x.com/AlternatNews/status/1626850471322189825", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240420165208/https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/dragon-ball-creator-interview-no-black-characters/", "date": "2023-02-24", "label": "Refuted", "location": "JP", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a36f43e2f02e5f4996d205#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The image was first published on the Twitter account of WAIFU_WATCHERS.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240420165208/https://t.co/bfctiwJYfG", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Which platform was the image originally published on?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a36f43e2f02e5f4996d205#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240420165208/https://twitter.com/WAIFU_WATCHERS/status/1630915794917007360?s=20", "source_medium": "Video", "boolean_explanation": "WAIFU_WATCHERS states in a video that they created the fake article using Photoshop."}], "question": "Did WAIFU_WATCHERS say where they got the image of the article?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that the article was a fake created purposely.", "claim_text": "Dragon Ball anime series creator Akira Toriyama gave an interview about the lack of Black characters in the series.", "claim_images": ["67a36f43e2f02e5f4996d205#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@WAIFU_WATCHERS", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230423014216im_/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FpwIUFYaUAAz6Xk?format=jpg&name=4096x4096", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230423014235/https://twitter.com/WAIFU_WATCHERS/status/1629186459159924736", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted"], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240518103721/https://checkyourfact.com/2023/04/18/fact-check-joe-bidens-vehicle-italian-flag-ireland/", "date": "2023-04-13", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a3b601e2f02e5f4996f185#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Apr 13, 2023", "source_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sSyWkVpoMZY", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What date was the image originally captured?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "However, after Mr Biden - who often boasts about his Irish heritage - moved on to the Republic the country's flag was proudly on display", "source_url": "https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-11972255/Joe-Biden-accused-anti-British-snub-flags-Beast-limo.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What flag was displayed on the car during Biden's April 2023 visit to Ireland?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a3b601e2f02e5f4996f185#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Image", "source_url": "https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-11972255/Joe-Biden-accused-anti-British-snub-flags-Beast-limo.html", "source_medium": "Image/graphic", "image_answers": ["67a3b601e2f02e5f4996f185#ANSWER#2#0#0.jpg"]}], "question": "Are there any other photos of this car in different lighting that might show its true color?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that the flag flown on Biden's car was the flag of Ireland.", "claim_text": "Joe Biden's vehicle displayed an Italian flag during a visit to Ireland. ", "claim_images": ["67a3b601e2f02e5f4996f185#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "MK Devlin", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://scontent-lga3-3.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/341072378_780483513333901_1550084815240844375_n.jpg?_nc_cat=104&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=833d8c&_nc_ohc=D9fXcPqMdMoQ7kNvgGivkz2&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-lga3-3.xx&_nc_gid=A6fpRo8dk99z658mDPuddq-&oh=00_AYAOT6o3MHhf46wDF4ohJspRHM65Ut0rez4WAPic1tuQeQ&oe=67920B12", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/100000796197397/posts/pfbid02yHXys2Ajf1QWm83MHa5z2LaxxpwuU2s1Pi4r5DPL2Z4HUmRzzAHGtRC1U7GkNjehl/?mibextid=afzh1R", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Media Source Discovery", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240613204010/https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2023/05/fact-check-pictures-of-lost-sweet-girl-are-bait-and-switch-scam.html", "date": "2023-05-01", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "Arizona, USA", "source_url": "https://www.maricopa-az.gov/home", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where is Maricopa located?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Commonsense-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a3bb35e2f02e5f4996f228#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Found child located at the intersection of Wilson and Edgefield in the City of Perris at approximately 9:30 AM.", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/RSO.Perris/posts/pfbid0YyErkibpXYa1Kz84K1w7dh45teySN8dZrnV2aCZYDEtakgtNB2Cx5zjvB4vKx5tBl", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where was the child said to be found in its original post?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "California, USA", "source_url": "https://aca-prod.accela.com/perris/default.aspx", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where is the city of Perris located?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Commonsense-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving the child was found in California, not Maricopa, Arizona.", "claim_text": "Image shows a lost girl picked up up along side road in Maricopa. ", "claim_images": ["67a3bb35e2f02e5f4996f228#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Dulce T. Wright", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://scontent-lga3-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/472218342_537487082646543_2525578297344207065_n.jpg?_nc_cat=102&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=aa7b47&_nc_ohc=vzXk2Gc8gzUQ7kNvgFOxrfd&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-lga3-1.xx&_nc_gid=AG415pGscfBGrvQkW7N3RHe&oh=00_AYD6dCk7SGrCznH7Kzzz8AtEx4aksGlDUd2TVIpH89Ibzw&oe=6792158E", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/groups/maricopabuylocal/permalink/3522746067936851/?__xts__[0]=68.ARCuedoU7K9cZmbrCuqLbNtRexZvGHfUZNHqInvLXYbHJsopDO-ZZ0zxCJOHzp9bInTVVy8vpdYZqUXsy5jsDPFKOG-_F1qOuto6jVRK-wPOMeM4uWUnFeVXxj0HNRNUny0Emqzn_wUYC5TIIW0owuhK8P15vYVzQlkzGQ7lhxj3XyPq2FyMNZ32ZNvy_CvWRwSThlDzH_Mog4MRn2XYL1HPE7m9pVm1Ywk4FZqVkscIWkNbIYBcwvljJW0qIk6zASicFqqhpahGwzgwg6h3NOt5botX3W-mH4ac3SW2mWMKlSKfoe-XgyP2JpP43XXp9FFQ-r5jL88IpIrd0Zb0iOE2nlmPLnYi8q39K462JFGz_JBO4IiNxVy6BbQwWR0jNmCWWQL2u-E", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Media Source Discovery"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241212061328/https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/migrants-invasion-us-border/", "date": "2023-05-07", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a3c78ae2f02e5f4996f67b#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "October 27, 2018", "source_url": "https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/aerial-view-of-honduran-migrants-heading-in-a-caravan-to-news-photo/1054273390", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What date was the image originally captured?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving with an authoritative source that the image is from southern Mexico in 2018.", "claim_text": "A photograph authentically showed a crowd of migrants invading the U.S. border in May 2023.", "claim_images": ["67a3c78ae2f02e5f4996f67b#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@BernardKerik", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230520031641im_/https://web.archive.org/web/20230508130344im_/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FvksDi7WwAMU2w5?format=jpg&name=medium", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230520031641/https://web.archive.org/web/20230508130344/https://twitter.com/BernardKerik/status/1655402780171943938", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240526055735/https://factcheckhub.com/viral-photo-does-not-show-wreckage-of-missing-malaysia-airlines-flight-mh370/", "date": "2023-05-02", "label": "Refuted", "location": "MY", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a3ca16e2f02e5f4996f722#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Lockheed Martin L1011 Tristar airplane", "source_url": "https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/red-sea-underwater-abandoned-plane/index.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What airplane is pictured here?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "2019", "source_url": "https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/red-sea-underwater-abandoned-plane/index.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When did the Lockheed Martin L1011 Tristar sink?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "March 8, 2014", "source_url": "https://www.britannica.com/event/Malaysia-Airlines-flight-370-disappearance", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When did the Malaysian Airlines Flight MH370 disappear?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that the plane in the image sunk five years after the Malaysian airliner disappeared.", "claim_text": "Malaysian airline that disappeared nine years ago has been found.", "claim_images": ["67a3ca16e2f02e5f4996f722#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@254_icon", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://archive.is/JFFpL/d95a74d955aca114c599c74ab3be4c87197539c2.jpg", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.is/JFFpL", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery", "Fact-checker Reference"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240714065545/https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2023/04/Fact-Check-Photo-Does-NOT-Show-Russian-Retaliation-Strike-On-Secret-NATO-Bunker.html", "date": "2023-03-30", "label": "Refuted", "location": "UA", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "30/03/2023", "source_url": "Metadata", "source_medium": "Metadata"}], "question": "When was the claim made?", "answer_method": "Metadata", "question_type": ["Metadata-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a3e544e2f02e5f4996faf8#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Mar 6, 2021", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230405165113/https://twitter.com/LeanderWoltinge/status/1368306578080796672?s=20", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a3e544e2f02e5f4996faf8#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "makeshift refineries and storage tanks in the town Mazaalah", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230405165113/https://twitter.com/LeanderWoltinge/status/1368306578080796672?s=20", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is being struck in the photo?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving the image was taken in Syria two years prior to 2023, the claim date.", "claim_text": "Image showing the Russian retaliation strike on secret NATO bunker. ", "claim_images": ["67a3e544e2f02e5f4996faf8#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@Daark_web", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230405163356im_/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/Fso1hDPX0AIaBfE?format=png&name=900x900", "original_claim_url": "", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240528074307/https://checkyourfact.com/2023/05/09/fact-check-migrants-bridge-2018-2023/", "date": "2023-05-07", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a3e63ee2f02e5f4996fe2d#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "October 27, 2018", "source_url": "https://correspondent.afp.com/telling-story-it", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally captured?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a3e63ee2f02e5f4996fe2d#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Aerial view of Honduran migrants heading in a caravan to the US, as the leave Arriaga on their way to San Pedro Tapanatepec, in southern Mexico", "source_url": "https://correspondent.afp.com/telling-story-it", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where was the photo captured?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that the image is from southern Mexico in 2018, not the U.S. border in 2023.", "claim_text": "Image showing a large group of migrants crossing a bridge on the Mexico-United States border in May 2023. ", "claim_images": ["67a3e63ee2f02e5f4996fe2d#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@LaurenWitzkeDE", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FvkbKZpXoAAKEiV?format=jpg&name=large", "original_claim_url": "https://x.com/LaurenWitzkeDE/status/1655384312512929793?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Media Source Discovery"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240419120825/https://fullfact.org/online/missing-boy-brandon-and-dog-hoax/", "date": "2023-04-28", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "28/04/2023", "source_url": "Metadata", "source_medium": "Metadata"}], "question": "When was the claim made?", "answer_method": "Metadata", "question_type": ["Metadata-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a3e72fe2f02e5f4996fee6#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "December 5, 2019", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/april.elizabeth.140/posts/pfbid07RKC5M52vh2rP9fvtqTxdgraPwASmPiV4N1r7aMaVdFg9BJDrAFw8HaL6FMP2n5zl", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally captured?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a3e72fe2f02e5f4996fee6#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Piper was a very special gift for Carter\u2019s 12th birthday", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/april.elizabeth.140/posts/pfbid07RKC5M52vh2rP9fvtqTxdgraPwASmPiV4N1r7aMaVdFg9BJDrAFw8HaL6FMP2n5zl", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What are the names of the pictured dog and child?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving the image is from four years prior to the claim date, and that the lost dog's name is Piper who belonged to the child Carter who was not lost.", "claim_text": "An autistic boy named Brandon Smith has gone missing with his dog, Hank.", "claim_images": ["67a3e72fe2f02e5f4996fee6#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "user of Aber swap shop Group", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery", "Fact-checker Reference"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240813213018/https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2023/05/fact-check-adrenochrome-not-stored-in-heineken-barrels-transported-by-shell-oil-company.html", "date": "2023-05-08", "label": "Refuted", "location": "NL", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a3e912e2f02e5f499700ae#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "At an art display by Natalie Lambert titled \"ADRENOCHROME\"", "source_url": "https://www.instagram.com/p/BjRaLeFhSmF/?img_index=8", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where was the photograph taken?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Unanswerable", "answer_text": "No answer could be found."}], "question": "Was adrenochrome transported by Shell Oil company?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240813132020/https://www.nytimes.com/article/what-is-qanon.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "In a March 31, 2022, Men's Health article, Dr. Joseph Pierre, a health sciences clinical professor of psychiatry at the University of California, San Francisco, discusses the QAnon connection and its link to adrenochrome: \"A central conspiracy theory circulating within the QAnon movement is that deep state Satan-worshipping pedophilic liberals are behind an international child sex trafficking ring. A more fringe aspect of that theory is that they are harvesting adrenochrome from children and then self-administering it as a kind of fountain-of-youth potion.\""}], "question": "Is there any indication that this post about adrenochrome is linked to conspiracy theories?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.instagram.com/p/BjRaLeFhSmF/?img_index=8", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The post is captioned \"ADRENOCHROME\nby Natalie Lambert @nlnl84\nIntegrated artwork including promo video, installation, ADC altcoin, adrenochrome kegs, and brand website\nWww.adrenochrome.net\nVideo - see @nlnl84 bio\"\nThere is no mention of Shell or Heineken."}], "question": "Did the description of the ADRENOCHROME art installation mention Shell Oil or Heineken?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim about adrenochrome being stored in Heineken barrels and transported by Shell Oil lacks credible evidence. The post about \"ADRENOCHROME\" art installation doesn't mention Shell or Heineken, and the concept is linked to conspiracy theories with no factual basis.", "claim_text": "Adrenochrome was stored in Heineken barrels and transported by Shell Oil company. ", "claim_images": ["67a3e912e2f02e5f499700ae#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Guy Douglas Fix", "transcription": "ADRENOCHROME WAS TRANSPORTED WORLDWIDE IN THE BARRELS OF THE DUTCH COMPANY HEINEKEN. THE BARRELS WERE TRANSPORTED BY THE DUTCH OIL COMPANY SHELL.", "media_source": "https://scontent-lga3-2.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/346065590_997182134505603_3599148192470769088_n.jpg?_nc_cat=105&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=833d8c&_nc_ohc=gHI785gxEDsQ7kNvgHfFWWU&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-lga3-2.xx&_nc_gid=A0J5GhXZvoEooZVfw32Ip2I&oh=00_AYAHIQZoanT31AXV_tbwn-X6Ph99g6En_ubtbZ_y-8LvUg&oe=67936C3E", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=pfbid02aMhTgN9dHVFPpxpFwCkMaAJ5stGxX8Xi5dzysc1VsdTuBXVpSVtxefKXWyZfyKjul&id=745514051", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery", "Image Analysis", "Fact-checker Reference"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240621011136/https://thedispatch.com/article/fact-check-no-evidence-sen-john-fetterman-has-a-body-double/", "date": "2023-03-24", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a3ebdce2f02e5f49971ae8#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "John Fetterman", "source_url": "https://www.inquirer.com/news/fetterman-pool-lieutenant-governor-residence-fort-indiantown-gap-20190607.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is the person in this photo?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a3ebdce2f02e5f49971ae8#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "John Fetterman", "source_url": "https://www.wesa.fm/politics-government/2022-05-22/john-fetterman-leaves-lancaster-hospital-for-braddock-to-recover-from-stroke", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is the person in this photo?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The choice of lens and focal length can drastically alter one's appearance.", "source_url": "https://www.instagram.com/p/CoVIl19DxN5/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What affects a person's physical appearance on cameras?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a3ebdce2f02e5f49971ae8#INPUT#3#0.jpg", "67a3ebdce2f02e5f49971ae8#INPUT#3#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "boolean_explanation": "The images appear to be of the same person."}], "question": "Do these images appear to be of the same person but at different focal lengths?", "answer_method": "Image Analysis", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that each image is of John Fetterman and by describing how focal length and different camera lenses can alter appearances.", "claim_text": "Sen. John Fetterman has a body double.", "claim_images": ["67a3ebdce2f02e5f49971ae8#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67a3ebdce2f02e5f49971ae8#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@atensnut", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FsBOs5RWYAAM-Ac?format=jpg&name=medium", "original_claim_url": "https://x.com/atensnut/status/1639396800690888708?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240620043837/https://www.altnews.in/congress-did-not-ask-people-to-vote-for-beef-old-poster-shared-with-false-claim/", "date": "2023-02-26", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "26/02/2023", "source_url": "Metadata", "source_medium": "Metadata"}], "question": "When was this claim made?", "answer_method": "Metadata", "question_type": ["Metadata-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a3f162e2f02e5f49971c7e#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "April 3, 2019", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=pfbid0csLyUc6aQGGJcoyA8o5SBftonqHYpdN22G7msGteZP2EA7N8o5cPAK779nykvhmol&id=279212762573742", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was this poster originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a3f162e2f02e5f49971c7e#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "\"\u0d0e\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d31\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d23\u0d02: \u0d2d\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d37\u0d23\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d3f\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d31\u0d46 \u0d2a\u0d47\u0d30\u0d3f\u0d7d \u0d15\u0d4a\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4b? \u0d08 \u0d28\u0d3e\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d7d? \u0d08 \u0d15\u0d3e\u0d32\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4d ? \u0d2a\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d3e\u0d15\u0d43\u0d24 \u0d30\u0d3e\u0d37\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d30\u0d40\u0d2f\u0d02 \u0d35\u0d47\u0d23\u0d4d\u0d1f, \u0d35\u0d3f\u0d35\u0d47\u0d1a\u0d28\u0d2e\u0d3f\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32\u0d3e\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d35\u0d7c \u0d35\u0d30\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d46\" which translates to \"I want to know, are people being killed in this country because of their choice of food? In today\u2019s time? We do not need regressive politics. Let unprejudiced people rule this country.\""}], "question": "What is the text on the poster?", "answer_method": "Image Analysis", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving the image is from 2019, not 2023, and is advocating choice.", "claim_text": "Congress is seeking votes in Kerala from those who want to consume beef.", "claim_images": ["67a3f162e2f02e5f49971c7e#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@satyamS19745855", "transcription": "\u0d0e\u0d28\u0d3f\u0d15\u0d4d\u0d15\u0d31\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d23\u0d02  \u0bb5\u0ba3\u0bbf\u0bc8\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0bae\u0bcd  \u0d15\u0d4a\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32\u0d41\u0d28\u0d4d\u0d28\u0d4b? \u0d08 \u0d28\u0d3e\u0d1f\u0d4d\u0d1f\u0d3f\u0d7d? \u0d08 \u0d15\u0d3e\u0d32\u0d24\u0d4d\u0d24\u0d4d ?", "media_source": "https://pbs.twimg.com/media/Fp5OjhHXgAIDNYJ?format=jpg&name=900x900", "original_claim_url": "https://x.com/satyamS19745855/status/1629826498159865856", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Media Source Discovery", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240620154717/https://en.youturn.in/factcheck/did-rahul-gandhi-delete-tweets-about-v-d-savarkar.html", "date": "2023-03-28", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230331040933/https://socialblade.com/twitter/user/rahulgandhi", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "His number of tweets only increased during the weeks leading up to the claim."}], "question": "Did Gandhi delete any of his tweets in the weeks leading up to the claim?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://twitter.com/INCIndia/status/1639539785797877761", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "They have not been deleted."}], "question": "Are tweets about Rahul Gandhi\u2019s comments on Savarkar still up on Congress' social media handles?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving with authoritative statistics that Gandhi's tweets weren't deleted.", "claim_text": "Rahul Gandhi deleted all tweets about Vinayak Damodar Savarkar after Savarkar\u2019s grandson declared he will file a case if Rahul doesn\u2019t apologize.", "claim_images": ["67a3f574e2f02e5f49971d51#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67a3f574e2f02e5f49971d51#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@shashank_ssj", "transcription": "No results for \"from:@RahulGandhi Savarkar\";No results for \"from:@RahulGandhi \u0938\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0915\u0930\"", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230328164908im_/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FsULKDDWwAADLNs?format=jpg&name=medium", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230328164908/https://twitter.com/shashank_ssj/status/1640729913660407808", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240527175751/https://factly.in/no-there-is-no-information-on-any-safety-belt-for-cars-that-goes-around-the-neck/", "date": "2023-02-10", "label": "Not Enough Evidence", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "1959", "source_url": "https://www.volvobuses.com/en/news-stories/stories/2019/jul/the-three-point-seat-belt-an-innovation-that-saved-over-1-million-lives.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the modern three-point seatbelt developed?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a3f688e2f02e5f49971e26#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Unanswerable", "answer_text": "No answer could be found."}], "question": "When was this photograph originally taken?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is neither supported nor refuted. The only information provided is the year in which three-point seatbelts were invented. The second question posed is not unanswerable because certain aspects of the vehicle are identifiable by year.", "claim_text": "Concept design of car safety belt in 1960s that goes around the neck.", "claim_images": ["67a3f688e2f02e5f49971e26#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Narada Amaratunga", "transcription": "A concept design for car safety belts from the 1960s.", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230216170428/https://scontent-sjc3-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/329925047_939282854107843_5152824555393622299_n.jpg?_nc_cat=108&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=5cd70e&_nc_ohc=SFyVFEQpUtkAX_V25cC&_nc_ht=scontent-sjc3-1.xx&oh=00_AfDvagT8O0gzwZ72dnIktWzSQLDCQSpi-InMLAG5yC0HMA&oe=63F38582", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230216170428/https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=10160412184093859&set=gm.6461107683917200&idorvanity=416320908395938", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Satirical Source Identification", "Fact-checker Reference"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240805072732/https://www.boomlive.in/fact-check/world/turkey-north-syria-earthquake-dog-image-in-rubble-2018-stock-photo-fact-check-20998", "date": "2023-02-07", "label": "Refuted", "location": "TR", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a50f40e2f02e5f4998bb8c#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Alamy", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240516054548/https://www.alamy.com/dog-looking-for-injured-people-in-ruins-after-earthquake-image230074118.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Which website was the image originally published on?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a50f40e2f02e5f4998bb8c#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "18 October 2018", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240516054548/https://www.alamy.com/dog-looking-for-injured-people-in-ruins-after-earthquake-image230074118.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image taken according to the stock photo site Alamy?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "February 6, 2023", "source_url": "https://adra.org/turkiye-and-syria-earthquake-adra-mobilizes-to-aid-thousands-of-victims", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When did the Turkiye-Syria earthquake happen?\n", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that the image is a stock photo taken in 2018, five years prior to the Turkey-Syria earthquake.", "claim_text": "Photo shows a dog sitting near its owner, who is trapped under the rubble after an earthquake that struck T\u00fcrkiye and Syria in February 2023\n\n", "claim_images": ["67a50f40e2f02e5f4998bb8c#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Elizabeth Trutwin", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/eltrutwin/posts/pfbid0vd5FSwoemZJVgvGoKDmGqPKRfxLGZJisTMXSfme93EVWMJ6dtDsoXiSWXLSa88qTl", "reporting_source": "Facebook User post", "claim_types": ["Causal Claim", "Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Media Source Discovery", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Others"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230515043033/https://www.indiatoday.in/fact-check/story/not-french-protests-photo-shows-israeli-demonstrations-against-netanyahu-govt-2354209-2023-03-31", "date": "2023-03-26", "label": "Refuted", "location": "FR", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a51255e2f02e5f4998bbe3#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The image was originally published on Reuters on March 5, 2023.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230515043033/https://cutt.ly/O42Ppzg", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Which website was the image originally published on?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a51255e2f02e5f4998bbe3#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "An aerial view shows Israelis demonstrating as Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's nationalist coalition government presses on with its contentious judicial overhaul, in Tel Aviv, Israel March 4, 2023. REUTERS/Ilan Rosenberg", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230515043033/https://cutt.ly/O42Ppzg", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the caption for the image on Reuter's website?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Israel", "source_url": "https://international.tau.ac.il/academic-units-view", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What country is Tel Aviv in?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Commonsense-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that the image is of a protest in Tel Aviv, Israel, not a protest in France.", "claim_text": "Photo shows the ongoing protests against pension reforms in France.", "claim_images": ["67a51255e2f02e5f4998bbe3#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@Spriter99880", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230515043055im_/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FsKAF2nXsAg_brX?format=jpg&name=small", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230515043055/https://twitter.com/Spriter99880/status/1640014055149559809", "reporting_source": "X (Formally Twitter)", "claim_types": ["Causal Claim", "Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search", "Geolocation"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240421082651/https://www.thequint.com/news/webqoof/picture-of-actor-simran-kaur-mundi-with-an-old-man-on-rickshaw-viral-as-her-father-fact-check", "date": "2023-01-03", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a51755e2f02e5f4998c64e#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "Simran Kaur Mundi", "source_url": "https://www.instagram.com/p/CnD5PfEoHq6/?utm_source=ig_embed&utm_campaign=loading", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is the person driving the rickshaw in the photo?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a51755e2f02e5f4998c64e#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "He is not my father", "source_url": "https://www.instagram.com/p/CnD5PfEoHq6/?utm_source=ig_embed&utm_campaign=loading", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does Simran Kaur Mundi say on her Instagram about the man in the photo with her?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "i am not ASI", "source_url": "https://www.instagram.com/p/CnD5PfEoHq6/?utm_source=ig_embed&utm_campaign=loading", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Is Simran Kaur Mundi an ASI?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that the image shows a famous actress whose statement denies that the man is her father or that she is ASI", "claim_text": "Photo shows a father and his daughter, who became an Assistant Sub Inspector (ASI) with money from her father driving a rickshaw.", "claim_images": ["67a51755e2f02e5f4998c64e#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "A To Z News", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://rejouer.perma.cc/replay-web-page/w/id-f6d2c8d04238/im_/https://scontent-iad3-2.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/322590077_493136079626008_7262249275190973015_n.jpg?_nc_cat=102&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=8bfeb9&_nc_ohc=FA7klydfE_kAX-vUaWB&_nc_ht=scontent-iad3-2.xx&oh=00_AfC0UU75GSFVSQlFSm8pbwTP0StMSUjYh9A3nsqSuhFMGw&oe=63C0E41C", "original_claim_url": "https://perma.cc/UVL3-WVJW", "reporting_source": "Facebook User Post.", "claim_types": ["Causal Claim", "Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted", "Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230906225056/https://www.indiatoday.in/fact-check/story/fact-check-hair-dryer-iron-used-rescue-wet-pitch-ipl-final-old-photos-are-from-guwahati-2386475-2023-05-30", "date": "2023-05-29", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The groundsmen were using sponges to dry the practice pitches", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230610234258/https://www.cricketcountry.com/news/csk-vs-gt-ipl-final-fans-troll-bcci-as-groundmen-use-sponge-to-dry-pitches-at-narendra-modi-stadium-1095203", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What did groundsmen use to dry the pitches at Narendra Modi Stadium during the IPL finals in May of 2023?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a51c0fe2f02e5f4998d328#INPUT#1#0.jpg", "67a51c0fe2f02e5f4998d328#INPUT#1#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Jan 2020", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230610234305/https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/sports-news-ind-vs-sl-1st-t20i-worlds-richest-cricket-board-uses-hair-dryer-and-steam-iron-angry-fans-slam-bcci/345232", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When were the images first published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a51c0fe2f02e5f4998d328#INPUT#2#0.jpg", "67a51c0fe2f02e5f4998d328#INPUT#2#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230906225056/http://bitly.ws/G3QX", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The images show a hair dryer and iron that were used to dry the pitches of Narenda Modi Stadium in 2020."}], "question": "Were the blow dryer and iron in the images used to dry the field and pitches at Narenda Modi Stadium in 2020?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The images showing a hairdryer and clothes iron were not from the 2023 IPL final but were first published in 2020. They were not used to dry the field during the 2023 final.", "claim_text": "Photo shows a hairdryer and clothes iron being used to dry a wet pitch for the 2023 IPL final at Narendra Modi Stadium.", "claim_images": ["67a51c0fe2f02e5f4998d328#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67a51c0fe2f02e5f4998d328#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@ActualIndia", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230610234241im_/https://web.archive.org/web/20230530074830im_/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FxUENRNaAAUk2e6?format=jpg&name=small", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230610234241/https://web.archive.org/web/20230530074830/https://twitter.com/ActualIndia/status/1663240268769009669", "reporting_source": "X (Formally Twitter)", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted", "Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230414161319/https://www.indiatoday.in/fact-check/story/fact-check-palestinian-children-israeli-prison-image-cropped-2350072-2023-03-22", "date": "2023-03-15", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IL", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a520a7e2f02e5f4998db61#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Image", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230414161319/https://epaimages.com/search.pp?flush=1&multikeyword=children%20food%20donations%20hebron%202010&startdate=&enddate=&autocomplete_City=&metadatafield5=&autocomplete_Country%20=&metadatafield44=", "source_medium": "Image/graphic", "image_answers": ["67a520a7e2f02e5f4998db61#ANSWER#0#0#0.jpg"]}], "question": "Is there a larger version of the image available?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a520a7e2f02e5f4998db61#INPUT#1#0.jpg", "67a520a7e2f02e5f4998db61#INPUT#1#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "epa02291777 Palestinian children wait to receive food, donated by the Islamic endowment authority Islamic waqf, at a soup kitchen in the West Bank city of Hebron, 18 August 2010. Muslims around the world abstain from eating, drinking and sexual relations from sunrise to sunset during Ramadan, the holiest month in the Islamic calendar. EPA/ABED AL HASHLAMOUN", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230414161319/https://epaimages.com/search.pp?flush=1&multikeyword=children%20food%20donations%20hebron%202010&startdate=&enddate=&autocomplete_City=&metadatafield5=&autocomplete_Country%20=&metadatafield44=", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the caption of the image on the EPA website?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a520a7e2f02e5f4998db61#INPUT#2#0.jpg", "67a520a7e2f02e5f4998db61#INPUT#2#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Image", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230414161319/https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-july-11-2013-hebron-west-bank-palestinian-territory-palestinians-receive-58076141.html?imageid=ECD1F844-7C6F-4762-AAC8-87872A822709&p=151045&pn=1&searchId=c7171a7a434fcb9481427e99ea416578&searchtype=0", "source_medium": "Image/graphic", "image_answers": ["67a520a7e2f02e5f4998db61#ANSWER#2#0#0.jpg"]}], "question": "Is there another view of the metallic structure at the soup kitchen in West Bank city of Hebron during Ramadan?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related", "Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a520a7e2f02e5f4998db61#INPUT#3#0.jpg", "67a520a7e2f02e5f4998db61#INPUT#3#1.jpg", "67a520a7e2f02e5f4998db61#INPUT#3#2.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "boolean_explanation": "The images were all taken at a soup kitchen in West Bank city of Hebron at Ramadan during different years. "}], "question": "Is the metallic structure in the images the same?", "answer_method": "Image Analysis", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a520a7e2f02e5f4998db61#INPUT#4#0.jpg", "67a520a7e2f02e5f4998db61#INPUT#4#1.jpg", "67a520a7e2f02e5f4998db61#INPUT#4#2.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "boolean_explanation": "We can see an open end of the metallic structure behind which the children were standing. A girl can also be seen standing outside this structure with a green bucket in her hand. Therefore the metallic structure does not lock people inside and is not a jail."}], "question": "Is the metallic structure in the images a jail?", "answer_method": "Image Analysis", "question_type": ["Text-related", "Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by providing wider views of the enclosure and evidence that it is not a cell, but a divider in a soup kitchen", "claim_text": "Photo shows Palestinian children in an Israeli prison", "claim_images": ["67a520a7e2f02e5f4998db61#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@Orc_Aggressor", "transcription": "PALESTINIAN CHILDREN IN ISRAEL PRISON.", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230414161322im_/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FrP_5rtWAAAsoyW?format=jpg&name=small", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230414161322/https://twitter.com/0rc_Aggressor/status/1635932459001954304", "reporting_source": "X (Formally Twitter)", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240413080942/https://en.youturn.in/factcheck/malabar-scholarships-only-to-muslim-girls.html", "date": "2023-01-18", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a5213ce2f02e5f4998dbd6#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Mangalore", "source_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oLAzGfsg3fs", "source_medium": "Video"}], "question": "Where are the students in the image from?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Beneficiaries included students from all sections of society without narrow considerations.", "source_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oLAzGfsg3fs", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who does Malabar Gold &  Diamonds provide scholarships to?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a5213ce2f02e5f4998dbd6#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Image", "source_url": "https://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay?newsID=1041253", "source_medium": "Image/graphic", "image_answers": ["67a5213ce2f02e5f4998dbd6#ANSWER#2#0#0.jpg"]}], "question": "Are there more photos of students that Malabar Gold & Diamonds gave scholarships to in Mangalore?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a5213ce2f02e5f4998dbd6#INPUT#3#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "It shows students with no burqa or hijab proving that students were not selected based on their religion."}], "question": "What does this image show?", "answer_method": "Image Analysis", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted with authoritative information from the charity indicating that there no impositions other than merit on the scholarships. Also, an image is provided of recipients without burqas to indicate that those other than Muslims receive the scholarships.", "claim_text": "Malabar Gold & Diamonds provide scholarships only to Muslim students.", "claim_images": ["67a5213ce2f02e5f4998dbd6#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@satviksoul", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://archive.is/QXX98/6a92e20bb0d89da7a3d38d7dfffd1d61828cd0af.jpg", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.is/QXX98", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery", "Reverse Image Search", "Keyword Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230321183815/https://www.cbs8.com/article/news/verify/memes/meme-falsely-claims-black-man-invented-vicks-vaporub-lunsford-richardson-lunsford-lane/536-2b008eda-46a7-4a36-8916-d8b8f2dcfcdf", "date": "2022-02-25", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a52475e2f02e5f4998df33#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Lunsford Lane", "source_url": "https://www.nps.gov/people/lunsford-lane.htm", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is the person in this image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Lunsford Richardson", "source_url": "https://www.dncr.nc.gov/blog/2016/12/30/lunsford-richardson-inventor-vaporub-and-junk-mail", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who invented Vicks VapoRub?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Image", "source_url": "https://www.dncr.nc.gov/blog/2016/12/30/lunsford-richardson-inventor-vaporub-and-junk-mail", "source_medium": "Image/graphic", "image_answers": ["67a52475e2f02e5f4998df33#ANSWER#2#0#0.jpg"]}], "question": "What did Lunsford Richardson look like?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a52475e2f02e5f4998df33#INPUT#3#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "White"}], "question": "What race was Lunsford Richardson?", "answer_method": "Image Analysis", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that Lunsford Richardson, a white man, invented Vicks VapoRub, and that the person in the image is Lunsford Lane.", "claim_text": "Black man named Lunsford Richardson invented Vicks VapoRub.", "claim_images": ["67a52475e2f02e5f4998df33#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67a52475e2f02e5f4998df33#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@BlackMa22594604", "transcription": "BLACK HISTORY FACT: In 1880 African American, Lunsford Richardson from Selma NC, invented Vicks Vapor Rub! He invented this remedy when all 3 of his kids were sick while living in Greensboro NC. Richardson thought that his brother-in-laws, last name Joshua \"Vick\" had a more catchier sound to it than his own. Richardson has also been accredited for the invention of headache powders. THANK YOU, MR. RICHARDSON!", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230119160114im_/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FMabCgTWUAcVxbN?format=jpg&name=large", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230119160114/https://twitter.com/BlackMa22594604/status/1497054399054684161", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240518040700/https://www.altnews.in/false-claim-of-yogi-adityanath-offering-80-lakh-rupees-to-smoke-weed/", "date": "2023-02-16", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a52555e2f02e5f4998e030#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The original image is on the ABP News Instagram handle dated February 16.", "source_url": "https://www.instagram.com/p/CotfQyHIrTz/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where was the original image used in the claim was first published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "Germany", "source_url": "https://www.thegrowthop.com/cannabis-news/german-company-hiring-a-cannabis-sommelier-for-142k-a-year?utm_source=Twitter&utm_medium=postmedia_organic&utm_campaign=tgo_promo", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "In what country the cannabis company \"Cannamedical\" is looking to hire a \"cannabis sommelier\"?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.instagram.com/p/CotfQyHIrTz/", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "A German cannabis company is looking to hire a \u201ccannabis sommelier\u201d with a salary of up to $142,500 a year. There is no mention of Uttar Pradesh."}], "question": "Does the original post says anything about hiring  for tasting hemp jobs in Uttar Pradesh?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that the ad was placed in Germany, not Uttar Pradesh.", "claim_text": "Yogi government  in Uttar Pradesh put out job ad for marijuana smokers. ", "claim_images": ["67a52555e2f02e5f4998e030#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@MediaCellSP", "transcription": "\u0917\u093e\u0902\u091c\u093e \u092a\u0940\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0928\u094c\u0915\u0930\u0940 \u0906\u0908 \u0938\u0948\u0932\u0930\u0940 80 \u0932\u093e\u0916 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u093e", "media_source": "https://archive.is/iKWpy/e2bed7fe60b5559e48127c43ac02b5445af0c649.jpg", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.is/iKWpy", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240507133754/https://www.thequint.com/news/webqoof/old-photo-of-a-rescue-dog-viral-as-recent-visual-from-earthquake-in-turkey", "date": "2023-02-06", "label": "Refuted", "location": "TR", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a525d1e2f02e5f4998e053#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "18 October 2018", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240507133754/https://www.alamy.com/dog-looking-for-injured-people-in-ruins-after-earthquake-image230074118.html?irclickid=2SzSPxWyZxyNUbzR6SQJR36tUkA3CvTF%3AW1xws0&utm_source=77643&utm_campaign=Shop%20Royalty%20Free%20at%20Alamy&utm_medium=impact&irgwc=1", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image first published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a525d1e2f02e5f4998e053#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240507133754/https://www.alamy.com/dog-looking-for-injured-people-in-ruins-after-earthquake-image230074118.html?irclickid=2SzSPxWyZxyNUbzR6SQJR36tUkA3CvTF%3AW1xws0&utm_source=77643&utm_campaign=Shop%20Royalty%20Free%20at%20Alamy&utm_medium=impact&irgwc=1", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The image was taken in 2018, which is years before the 2023 earthquake in Turkey and Syria."}], "question": "Was the image taken after the earthquake occurred in Turkey and Syria in 2023?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that the image is on a stock photo website beginning in 2018, five years before the Turkey-Syria earthquake.", "claim_text": "Photo shows dog sitting by person trapped under rubble due to a recent earthquake in Turkey and Syria on February 6, 2023.", "claim_images": ["67a525d1e2f02e5f4998e053#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@KhanKha55801807", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://archive.is/fOzic/556bb66c9423835f5ccb72e694e0a2f88735bef0.jpg", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.is/fOzic", "reporting_source": "X (Formally Twitter)", "claim_types": ["Causal Claim", "Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Media Source Discovery", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted"], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240416140657/https://www.boomlive.in/fact-check/lalu-prasad-yadav-ed-raid-tejashwi-yadav-land-for-jobs-scam-fact-check-21332", "date": "2023-03-11", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a533e6e2f02e5f4998e172#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "India Today", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240416140657/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/ed-searches-on-at-kolkata-businessman-s-premises-huge-amount-of-cash-seized-1998720-2022-09-10", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Which website originally published the 0-th photo?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a533e6e2f02e5f4998e172#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "A team of ED officials, accompanied by bank officials, raided the premises of businessman Aamir Khan in the Garden Reach area of Kolkata on Saturday. Till now, Rs 17.32 crore has been seized and counting is still underway.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240416140657/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/ed-searches-on-at-kolkata-businessman-s-premises-huge-amount-of-cash-seized-1998720-2022-09-10", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "According to India Today, where was the cash in the 0-th picture seized from?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Text-related", "Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a533e6e2f02e5f4998e172#INPUT#2#0.jpg", "67a533e6e2f02e5f4998e172#INPUT#2#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "ED has conducted searches and survey at 15 locations in Nagpur & Mumbai in relation to the investment fraud by Pankaj Mehadia, Lokesh &  Kathik Jain. Unaccounted jewellery worth Rs 5.51 Crore and cash of 1.21 Crore has been seized. ", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230322114037/https://twitter.com/dir_ed/status/1632693964494045185", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where did the Enforcement Directorate (ED) say the jewelry in the 1-th and 3-th pictures were taken from?\n\n", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a533e6e2f02e5f4998e172#INPUT#3#0.jpg", "67a533e6e2f02e5f4998e172#INPUT#3#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "On Twitter, the 2-th and 4-th images were included in a tweet by ANI.\n", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230322114155/https://twitter.com/ANI/status/1634536763535290368", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where were the 2-th and 4-th pictures originally published online?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a533e6e2f02e5f4998e172#INPUT#4#0.jpg", "67a533e6e2f02e5f4998e172#INPUT#4#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "ED conducted searches at 24 locations in the Railways Land for Job Scam, resulting in the recovery of unaccounted cash of Rs 1 Crore, foreign currency including US$ 1900, 540 gms gold bullion and more than 1.5 kg of gold jewellery: ED", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230322114155/https://twitter.com/ANI/status/1634536763535290368", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the tweet by ANI say about the 2-th and 4-th images?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "A four-storey bungalow located at New Friends Colony in Delhi, registered in the name of A.B. Exports Private Limited that is owned and controlled by Bihar Deputy Chief Minister Tejashwi Yadav and his family, was shown to have been acquired at just \u20b94 lakh, said the ED, adding that its present market value was \u20b9150 crore... The ED alleged that although the property had been declared on paper as the office of A. B. Exports and A.K. Infosystems Private Limited, it was being exclusively used as residential premises by Mr. Yadav... According to the agency, the money laundering probe has so far revealed that several pieces of land at prominent locations in Patna and other areas were \u201cillegally\u201d acquired by the family of former Railway Minister Lalu Prasad in lieu of railways\u2019 Group-D jobs.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240416140657/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/land-for-job-case-enforcement-directorate-says-trail-of-600-crore-detected/article66607295.ece", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What did the Enforcement Directive (ED) say about the Railways Land for Job Scam and Yadav?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "ED conducted searches at 24 locations in the Railways Land for Job Scam, resulting in recovery of unaccounted cash of Rs 1 Crore, foreign currency including US$ 1900, 540 gms gold bullion and more than 1.5 kg of gold jewellery.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230413034113/https://twitter.com/dir_ed/status/1634518563561119749?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What did the ED say about cash or jewelry being seized in the Railways Land for Job Scam?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a533e6e2f02e5f4998e172#INPUT#7#0.jpg", "67a533e6e2f02e5f4998e172#INPUT#7#1.jpg", "67a533e6e2f02e5f4998e172#INPUT#7#2.jpg", "67a533e6e2f02e5f4998e172#INPUT#7#3.jpg", "67a533e6e2f02e5f4998e172#INPUT#7#4.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "boolean_explanation": "The images of cash would amount to a lot more than $1900 US dollars if they are U.S. bills. There are only a few gold coins in the images, not nearly enough to amount to 540 grams."}], "question": "Do the images show $1900 US and 540 gms gold bulllion?", "answer_method": "Image Analysis", "question_type": ["Image-related", "Commonsense-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a533e6e2f02e5f4998e172#INPUT#8#0.jpg", "67a533e6e2f02e5f4998e172#INPUT#8#1.jpg", "67a533e6e2f02e5f4998e172#INPUT#8#2.jpg", "67a533e6e2f02e5f4998e172#INPUT#8#3.jpg", "67a533e6e2f02e5f4998e172#INPUT#8#4.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Unanswerable", "answer_text": "No answer could be found."}], "question": "Is there any evidence that images 0,1,2,3,4 were taken at Lalu Prasad Yadav's residence?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "No evidence is provided that any of the images were taken at Lalu Prasad Yadav\u2019s residence. Therefore, the claim misrepresents the context of the images.\n", "claim_text": "Images show the Items Recovered from an Enforcement Directorate Raid At Lalu Prasad Yadav's House", "claim_images": ["67a533e6e2f02e5f4998e172#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67a533e6e2f02e5f4998e172#CLAIM#1.jpg", "67a533e6e2f02e5f4998e172#CLAIM#2.jpg", "67a533e6e2f02e5f4998e172#CLAIM#3.jpg", "67a533e6e2f02e5f4998e172#CLAIM#4.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Adv Priyanka Dubey", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://scontent.flba3-2.fna.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/472790797_611219767970363_8509520197936655944_n.jpg?_nc_cat=109&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=833d8c&_nc_ohc=xQ_mvNeVd14Q7kNvgGEBNgv&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent.flba3-2.fna&_nc_gid=AJJBjJtIZA3rQXIZI8iVpUS&oh=00_AYDjTTSeHP9KS76fXLbkEvaN2N6ffxFoPxW8cjpabiEnww&oe=6789D5FD", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=229707389454938&set=a.178983731193971", "reporting_source": "Facebook User post.", "claim_types": ["Causal Claim", "Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Reverse Image Search", "Keyword Search", "Fact-checker Reference"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted", "Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240518170533/https://checkyourfact.com/2023/01/11/fact-check-photo-protester-brazilian-riots-qanon-shaman/", "date": "2023-01-08", "label": "Refuted", "location": "BR", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The image originates from September 7, 2021.", "source_url": "https://www.diariodocentrodomundo.com.br/bolsonarista-fantasia-viking-capitolio/", "source_medium": "Image/graphic"}], "question": "When was the image in the claim first published?", "answer_method": "Metadata", "question_type": ["Metadata-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "Chaos struck Brazil's capital Sunday Jan. 8, 2023 when supporters of far right former President Jair Bolsonaro descended on government buildings, breached them, climbed on a rooftop and broke windows.", "source_url": "https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/protesters-storm-brazils-congress-support-former-brazilian-president-j-rcna64816", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When did rioters storm Brazil government buildings?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that the image is a 2021 Bolsanaro supporter, and not from the 2023 riot.", "claim_text": "This is a photo of a rioter participating in the violence on the Brazilian government buildings on January 8, 2023.", "claim_images": ["67a5344de2f02e5f4998e209#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Lucky_Shitt", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241217093601/https://factly.in/devoleena-bhattacharjee-did-not-act-in-the-kerala-story-she-married-shanwaz-shaikh-in-december-2022-way-before-the-release-of-the-film/", "date": "2023-05-17", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a53c87e2f02e5f4998e538#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "Devoleena Bhattacharjee posing for a picture with her co-actor and best friend Vishal Singh.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241217093601/https://www.indiatoday.in/television/celebrity/story/confirmed-devoleena-bhattacharjee-gets-married-but-fans-want-to-know-about-the-husband-2309046-2022-12-14", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who are the two people in the forefront of the image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241217093601/https://www.imdb.com/title/tt24268454/", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Devoleena Bhattacharjee is not in the cast list."}], "question": "Did Devoleena Bhattacharjee act in \"The Kerala Story\" movie?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The actress had a court marriage on December 14, 2022.", "source_url": "https://www.indiatoday.in/television/celebrity/story/confirmed-devoleena-bhattacharjee-gets-married-but-fans-want-to-know-about-the-husband-2309046-2022-12-14", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was Devoleena Bhattacharjee\u2019s marriage ceremony?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "May 5, 2023", "source_url": "https://www.imdb.com/title/tt24268454/releaseinfo/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the movie \"The Kerala Story\" released?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that Bhattacharjee was already married when The Kerala Story was released, that she was not in the movie, and that the male depicted is another actor, Vishal Singh.", "claim_text": "Image shows actress Devoleena Bhattacharjee and her Muslim husband Shanwaz Shaikh, whom she married after the release of her movie \u2018The Kerala Story.'", "claim_images": ["67a53c87e2f02e5f4998e538#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Mohammad Jawed Akhter", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://scontent.flba3-2.fna.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/347620628_206955728863618_3143777785382533901_n.jpg?_nc_cat=111&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=833d8c&_nc_ohc=r1FXEUYQCowQ7kNvgHmp8My&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent.flba3-2.fna&_nc_gid=AvitAzucIGzh8-M_5ZSHXGp&oh=00_AYCGs7O54-LIo7KkvN_mJR5MJbYplXkwXTCkaAG64b96cA&oe=6789D3CE", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=613252684173885&set=a.403992285099927", "reporting_source": "Facebook User Post", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240723110241/https://checkyourfact.com/2023/04/28/fact-check-ufo-ukraine/", "date": "2023-04-19", "label": "Refuted", "location": "UA", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The image first appeared in 2018", "source_url": "https://antikor.com.ua/ru/articles/274219-v_kieve_evakuirovali_neopoznannyj_letajushchij_objekt", "source_medium": "Image/graphic"}], "question": "When did the image in a the claim first appear?", "answer_method": "Metadata", "question_type": ["Metadata-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a54138e2f02e5f4998ee9e#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://x.com/saintjavelin/status/1648779813191024642", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The image purports a UFO was sighted in Kyiv, Ukraine in 2023"}], "question": "Did the Twitter post featuring the image purport a UFO was sighted in Kyiv, Ukraine in 2023?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a54138e2f02e5f4998ee9e#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.instagram.com/p/CrQwr_Vowvm/", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "It's a prop used in promotional ads for Ukrainian hauling company Express-T."}], "question": "Does the truck in the image hauling a real ufo?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that the \"ufo\" in the image is a stage prop for promotional ads.", "claim_text": "Image showing UFO in Kyiv, Ukraine in 2023. ", "claim_images": ["67a54138e2f02e5f4998ee9e#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@saintjavelin", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FuGkgA6WcAEQEtp?format=jpg&name=small", "original_claim_url": "https://x.com/saintjavelin/status/1648779813191024642?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E1648779813191024642%7Ctwgr%5Eec0b6caefcb24882e23093018089e430cf31f798%7Ctwcon%5Es1_&ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Ffactcheck-ufo-kyiv-idUSL1N36O209", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230307160846/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.339B3WU", "date": "2023-02-09", "label": "Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking", "location": "NG", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a54292e2f02e5f4998eecd#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Lollapalooza 2021", "source_url": "https://archive.is/ZkBq2", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where was the 0-th image taken?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a54292e2f02e5f4998eecd#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "APC"}], "question": "What is the text on the bottom of the flags in the 2-th image?", "answer_method": "Image Analysis", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Image", "source_url": "https://archive.ph/Y7ISr", "source_medium": "Image/graphic", "image_answers": ["67a54292e2f02e5f4998eecd#ANSWER#2#0#0.jpg"]}], "question": "Where is a picture of APC presidential candidate Tinubu at the APC party rally in Sokoto state in northwest Nigeria?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a54292e2f02e5f4998eecd#INPUT#3#0.jpg", "67a54292e2f02e5f4998eecd#INPUT#3#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "boolean_explanation": "In both photos Buhari is holding the hands of Tinubu surrounded by party supporters with the flag of the APC on display. The security guard with his head down is in the same position in both photos."}], "question": "Is the 4-th image the same as the 3-th image from a different angle?", "answer_method": "Image Analysis", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim refers to \"a set of images.\" There is conflicting information provided for the set of four images. One is from a Lollapalooza concert in 2021, and the remainder are, in fact, from the APC party rally in Sokoto state in northwest Nigeria.", "claim_text": "set of images show a mammoth crowd at a All Progressives Congress (APC) party rally in Sokoto state in northwest Nigeria.", "claim_images": ["67a54292e2f02e5f4998eecd#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67a54292e2f02e5f4998eecd#CLAIM#1.jpg", "67a54292e2f02e5f4998eecd#CLAIM#2.jpg", "67a54292e2f02e5f4998eecd#CLAIM#3.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@fkeyamo", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230308125744im_/https://archive.is/hu3uO/9fd5ab00e916d48dcdad6d1d4a4f9767d9c75af5.jpg,https://web.archive.org/web/20230308125744im_/https://archive.is/hu3uO/0505019b0d3b7b07c62955328118cfdf0e117c56.jpg,https://web.archive.org/web/20230308125744im_/https://archive.is/hu3uO/9fd5ab00e916d48dcdad6d1d4a4f9767d9c75af5.jpg,https://web.archive.org/web/20230308125744im_/https://archive.is/hu3uO/cc927c5f54eae6fe428034f132561885e7b5df81.jpg", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230308125744/https://archive.is/hu3uO#selection-401.0-401.8", "reporting_source": "X (Formally Twitter)", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": [], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230320060950/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.339D4FH", "date": "2023-02-07", "label": "Refuted", "location": "ET", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a54a2fe2f02e5f4998ef94#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "AFP photo archives", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/KRM4-24QE", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Which website has the earliest version of the 1-th image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a54a2fe2f02e5f4998ef94#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "A photo shows a AK47 Kalashnikov assault rifle and a RPG-7 Kalachnikov grenade launcher on display during a visit at French army 4th Special Forces Helicopter Regiment (4th RHFS) on June 13, 2019 in Pau, southwestern France.\nIROZ GAIZKA / AFP", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/KRM4-24QE", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the caption of the 1-th image on AFP photo archives?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a54a2fe2f02e5f4998ef94#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "On Oct 7, 2021", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/8WT4-3TVQ", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the 2-th image first published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The division within the church, came after church members in Oromia declared a new synod on Jan. 22, 2023.", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/2MS6-9R4Y", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When did Ethiopia's Orthodox Church split?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a54a2fe2f02e5f4998ef94#INPUT#4#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "University graduate and Chairman of Mahbere Qidusan Jimma branch, Taye Desalegn.", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/T32W-4BT5", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the 0-th image show?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Unanswerable", "answer_text": "No answer could be found."}], "question": "Was Taye Desalegn's arrest related to weapons charges?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "One image actually shows weapons from a French military base, not from an Ethiopian church leader\u2019s house. Another shows someone unrelated to weapons. The images are real but totally misrepresented.", "claim_text": "Images show an assortment of weapons that were found in the house of an Ethiopian Orthodox Church leader of a church in Jimma after the split of the Orthodox Church.", "claim_images": ["67a54a2fe2f02e5f4998ef94#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67a54a2fe2f02e5f4998ef94#CLAIM#1.jpg", "67a54a2fe2f02e5f4998ef94#CLAIM#2.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Finfinnee Free Post", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://rejouer.perma.cc/replay-web-page/w/id-511f13439577/mp_/https://scontent-iad3-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/329722197_451344190445146_573303462349942572_n.jpg?stp=dst-jpg_p261x260&_nc_cat=101&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=110474&_nc_ohc=LkMuakKSb2IAX_V31aV&_nc_ht=scontent-iad3-1.xx&edm=AN6CN6oEAAAA&oh=00_AfD9owG7mxuBAhWG8Sc4rxZdfnPFCYKTCkzFb13reK4IUw&oe=63F0A942,https://rejouer.perma.cc/replay-web-page/w/id-a55fe66e280f/mp_/https://scontent-iad3-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/327169563_655665773002108_390", "original_claim_url": "https://perma.cc/32RX-URYF", "reporting_source": "Facebook User Post", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Media Source Discovery", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted"], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20231001063614/https://www.boomlive.in/fact-check/sports/2011-photo-of-women-kabaddi-players-waiting-with-trophy-for-an-auto-revived-20716", "date": "2023-01-04", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a54e8fe2f02e5f4998f1bb#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The image dated November 21,2011.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20231204220530/https://www.tribuneindia.com/2011/20111122/sports.htm#4", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image showing Indian women Kabaddi players waiting for an auto-rickshaw after winning world cup taken?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230202010615/https://web.archive.org/web/20111123192232/https://www.tribuneindia.com/2011/20111122/sports.htm", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "\"Kulwinder and Jaskaran Kaur both members of kabaddi team were seen frantically calling the authorities. But they got no response. \"We do not have a single penny as everything was burnt in the accident. But since morning no one is picking up our phone. We have been totally ignored following the finals,\" said Kulwinder,\"\n\nhttps://www.boomlive.in/fact-check/sports/2011-photo-of-women-kabaddi-players-waiting-with-trophy-for-an-auto-revived-20716"}], "question": "Did Kulwinder and Jaskaran Kaur both members of kabaddi team claim they have been totally ignored following the finals?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Unanswerable", "answer_text": "No answer could be found."}], "question": "Does the claim 'Indian women Kabaddi players waiting for an auto-rickshaw after winning world cup' refer to 2011 or more recent time?\n", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a54e8fe2f02e5f4998f1bb#INPUT#3#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The image is from November 21, 2011, not 2023", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20231204220530/https://www.tribuneindia.com/2011/20111122/sports.htm#4)", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the photo of Indian women kabaddi players waiting for an auto taken?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a54e8fe2f02e5f4998f1bb#INPUT#4#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "No, there's no credible evidence of a similar incident happening in 2023. The viral post is misleading.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20231001063614/https://www.facebook.com/achintya.kundu.146/posts/pfbid091mg4Dwujndoxg1p2CxN5rTyXMEX9D5Y5gTxEdZMCAtu2o3CrM71TgwocKXPpM2Sl", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Did this incident happen again in 2023?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "CLAIM_IMG_0 is dated 21 Nov 2011. All sited facts are from 2011. There is no evidence of this event happening again in 2023.", "claim_text": "The image shows Indian women Kabaddi players waiting for an auto-rickshaw after winning world cup.", "claim_images": ["67a54e8fe2f02e5f4998f1bb#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Achintya Kundu ", "transcription": "India has won a world cup in kabaddi. No one came to welcome them..... Players are waiting for an auto rickshaw with a world cup in their hand........ A shameful scene to watch..... Must share; KABADI WORLD CHAMPIONS WHO MADE OUR COUNTRY PROUD.. WAITING FOR AUTORIKSHAW TO GO THEIR HOME. NO ONE SUPPORTING SUCH GAME. IF YOU THINK 1% ABOUT OTHER GAMES THEN PLZ SHARE UNTIL IT REACHES INBOX OF SPORTS MINISTER", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery", "Keyword Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": [], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240619141825/https://www.altnews.in/photos-of-bruised-malayalam-actress-abused-by-ex-partner-shared-with-false-communal-claim/", "date": "2023-04-18", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a54fa2e2f02e5f4998f1d2#INPUT#0#0.jpg", "67a54fa2e2f02e5f4998f1d2#INPUT#0#1.jpg", "67a54fa2e2f02e5f4998f1d2#INPUT#0#2.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Vishamakaran actor Anicka Vikhraman", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240619141825/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/others/malayalam-actor-anicka-vikhraman-accuses-ex-boyfriend-of-abuse-shows-bruises-101678179318037.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is the person in the images?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a54fa2e2f02e5f4998f1d2#INPUT#1#0.jpg", "67a54fa2e2f02e5f4998f1d2#INPUT#1#1.jpg", "67a54fa2e2f02e5f4998f1d2#INPUT#1#2.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Accuses Ex Anoop Pillai of Assaulting Her", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240619141825/https://t.co/EVcdhbWBpK", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "How did Anicka Vikhraman say she got the bruises?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240619141825/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/malayalam-actor-anicka-vikhraman-accuses-ex-boyfriend-of-assault-posts-pictures-of-bruises-he-has-abused-me-mentally-physically-for-the-past-few-years-8482757/", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Religious beliefs were not mentioned as a factor in the abuse."}], "question": "Did Anicka Vikhraman mention religion when she described her relationship problems with Anoop Pillai?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving with an authoritative source that the person depicted is not Ankita Vijay but Anicka Vikharaman, an actress.", "claim_text": "Photo shows Ankita Vijay, a Hindu communist girl, after she was beaten by her muslim boyfriend", "claim_images": ["67a54fa2e2f02e5f4998f1d2#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67a54fa2e2f02e5f4998f1d2#CLAIM#1.jpg", "67a54fa2e2f02e5f4998f1d2#CLAIM#2.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@shripushpendra1", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://archive.ph/aQBZg/55c7b3b81734b4cbb4d372c0cf74135e6beb5480.jpg,https://archive.ph/aQBZg/979fcc0d67c2fba8f83de29cd895a1cf5b62db28.jpg,https://archive.ph/aQBZg/28e19113ae1d808cdd5f1b4f17c1844a1b2f2bf5.jpg", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.ph/aQBZg#selection-582.0-753.13", "reporting_source": "X (Formally Twitter)", "claim_types": ["Causal Claim", "Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted", "Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240527073048/https://en.youturn.in/factcheck/bjp-supporters-use-a-picture-from-2013-to-portray-haldwani-muslims-in-bad-light.html", "date": "2023-01-05", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67aa6e0278ffc1b9fb73f49a#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The image was taken in December 2013.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240527073048/https://www.gettyimages.in/detail/news-photo/people-get-on-with-their-lives-in-a-slum-on-the-railway-news-photo/461948087", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image taken?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67aa6e0278ffc1b9fb73f49a#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The image was taken in Kolkata.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240527073048/https://www.gettyimages.in/detail/news-photo/people-get-on-with-their-lives-in-a-slum-on-the-railway-news-photo/461948087", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where was the image taken?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Haldwani is over 1190 km away from Kolkata.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240527073048/https://www.gettyimages.in/detail/news-photo/people-get-on-with-their-lives-in-a-slum-on-the-railway-news-photo/461948087", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Is Haldwani located in Kolkata?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that the image was taken in Kolkata a decade prior to the claim date.", "claim_text": "An image shows the encroachment of the Haldwani railway station by the neighborhood of Banbhoolpura.", "claim_images": ["67aa6e0278ffc1b9fb73f49a#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@MrsGandhi", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FlsmOAIaEAEDHCs?format=jpg&name=small", "original_claim_url": "https://x.com/MrsGandhi/status/1610923318424776704", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241123021358/https://factly.in/no-this-image-doesnt-show-p-chidambaram-touching-jayalalithas-feet/", "date": "2023-03-05", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67aa6f5278ffc1b9fb73f4ef#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The individual is former Tamil Nadu minister Thambi Durai.", "source_url": "https://tamilnadupolitics.blogspot.com/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is touching the feet of Jayalalithaa in the image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Unanswerable", "answer_text": "No answer could be found."}], "question": "When did P. Chidambaram fall at the feet of Jayalalithaa?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67aa6f5278ffc1b9fb73f4ef#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://tamilnadupolitics.blogspot.com/", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": " The man seen touching the feet of Jayalalithaa is not P. Chidambaram but former Tamil Nadu minister Thambi Durai."}], "question": "Is P. Chidambram falling at the feet of Jayalalithaa in the image 0?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": " The man touching Jayalalithaa\u2019s feet is identified as Thambi Durai, not P. Chidambaram.", "claim_text": "An image shows P. Chidambaram touching the feet of Jayalalithaa.", "claim_images": ["67aa6f5278ffc1b9fb73f4ef#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "", "transcription": "\u0bb9\u0bc6\u0bb2\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bbe\u0baa\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bb0\u0bc8 \u0bb5\u0ba3\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd,\u0b95\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb4\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b8e\u0ba9 \u0b9a\u0bca\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0ba9 \u0b9a\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bb0\u0bae\u0bcd(Chidambaram, who said that they worship helicopters and fall at their feet)", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240722160258/https://www.boomlive.in/fact-check/karnataka-assembly-elections-2023-jain-monk-attacked-muslim-fake-22009", "date": "2023-05-10", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67aa70ce78ffc1b9fb73f5ad#INPUT#0#0.jpg", "67aa70ce78ffc1b9fb73f5ad#INPUT#0#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "They were shared initially in 2018.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240722160258/https://twitter.com/ShayarImran/status/1001505786793639936", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When were these images originally posted?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67aa70ce78ffc1b9fb73f5ad#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "This image was initially shared in 2018.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240722160258/https://www.boomlive.in/founder-fake-news-website-postcard-arrested-bengaluru-police/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was this image originally shared?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that all of the images are from 2018, seven years prior to the 2023 Karnataka Assembly Elections.", "claim_text": "Images show Jain monks injured by Muslims after  2023 Karnataka Assembly Elections.", "claim_images": ["67aa70ce78ffc1b9fb73f5ad#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67aa70ce78ffc1b9fb73f5ad#CLAIM#1.jpg", "67aa70ce78ffc1b9fb73f5ad#CLAIM#2.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@Rajendr46509722", "transcription": "\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0928\u093e\u091f\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0948\u0928 \u092e\u0941\u0928\u093f \u0915\u094b \u092e\u0941\u0938\u0932\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0939\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0938 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u093e\u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u092f\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u0905\u092c \u0915\u093e\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0938 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0905\u0938\u0932\u0940 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906 \u0917\u0908 \u0915\u093e\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u094b\u091f \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0907\u0938\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0924\u0941\u092e\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0938 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0930\u0939\u0947\u0917\u0940 \u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u092b\u094b\u091f\u094b \u0915\u094b \u0908\u0924\u0928\u093e \u092d\u0947\u091c\u094b \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0932 \u0924\u0915 \u0928\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u094b\u0926\u0940 \u091c\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u091c\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0902\u091a \u091c\u093e\u0910\u0964 \u0906\u091c \u092e\u094c\u0915\u093e \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u092a\u0941\u0923\u094d\u092f\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0964 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092e\u0941\u0938\u0932\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e \u091c\u094b \u0907\u0938 \u0935\u0940\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0915\u094b \u0936\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u093e \u0906\u092a \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u092d\u0917\u0935\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0938\u092e \u0964", "media_source": "https://archive.ph/sVU5C/c6a0c173fa1feeb6dad23d4adc5691108452ba06.jpg", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.ph/sVU5C", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Media Source Discovery", "Reverse Image Search", "Fact-checker Reference"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240618034531/https://www.altnews.in/photo-of-18th-century-zulu-prince-shared-as-bhima-koregaon-war-hero/", "date": "2023-01-01", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67ab51c878ffc1b9fb757328#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The man in the image is Prince Ndabuko kaMpande.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240618034531/https://www.alamy.com/prince-ndabuko-kampande-younger-brother-of-king-cetshwayo-kampande-who-was-the-king-of-the-zulu-kingdom-from-1873-to-1879-and-its-leader-during-the-anglo-zulu-war-of-1879-image233560317.html?imageid=804114C6-DE42-46D1-AD7E-1CB9EBC25A79&p=56342&pn=1&searchId=abe2711c350cf987d4a36d28d208222f&searchtype=0", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is the individual in the image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The Prince was commonly confused with King Cetshwayo kaMpande, who was the leader of the Zulu Kingdom during the Anglo-Zulu War of 1879.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240618034531/https://www.alamy.com/prince-ndabuko-kampande-younger-brother-of-king-cetshwayo-kampande-who-was-the-king-of-the-zulu-kingdom-from-1873-to-1879-and-its-leader-during-the-anglo-zulu-war-of-1879-image233560317.html?imageid=804114C6-DE42-46D1-AD7E-1CB9EBC25A79&p=56342&pn=1&searchId=abe2711c350cf987d4a36d28d208222f&searchtype=0", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Was Prince Ndabuko kaMpande commonly confused with other royalty?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67ab51c878ffc1b9fb757328#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The picture was dating from the mid-1880s.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240618034531/https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cetshwayo-c1875.jpg", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the picture taken?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "January 1, 1818.", "source_url": "https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/koregaon-bhima-battle-pune-riots-mumbai-caste-clash-maharashtra-1120661-2018-01-02", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the Battle of Koregaon fought?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that the image shows a Zulu Prince from the mid-1880s, not a soldier from the Battle of Koregaon which was fought in 1818.", "claim_text": "A photo shows a Mahar soldier who fought in the Battle of Koregaon.", "claim_images": ["67ab51c878ffc1b9fb757328#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Roy bbr;", "transcription": "285 \u0915\u093f\u0932\u094b \u092d\u093e\u0930 11 \u092b\u0941\u091f \u0939\u093e\u0907\u091f 7 \u0915\u093f\u0932\u094b \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0932\u0935\u093e\u0930 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0905\u0915\u0947\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u0947\u0936\u0935\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930;\u092d\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0915\u094b\u0930\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0902\u0935 \u0938\u094c\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u0935\u0938 1 \u091c\u0928\u0935\u0930\u0940 1818;\u092d\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0915\u094b\u0930\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0902\u0935 \u0915\u0940 \u0932\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0908 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0948\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0932\u092d \u092b\u094b\u091f\u094b, \u091c\u094b \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0928 \u0908\u0938\u094d\u091f \u0907\u0923\u094d\u0921\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u092e\u094d\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0932\u093e\u0939\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u093f. \u0921\u0947\u0935\u094d\u0939\u0940 \u091c\u094b\u0928\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0921\u093e\u092f\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0939\u0948", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "", "reporting_source": "Facebook We Stand With Ravish Kumar Group", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery", "Reverse Image Search", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240619163007/https://newschecker.in/fact-check/worlds-heaviest-baby-born-at-8-6kg-heres-the-truth-behind-viral-picture/", "date": "2018-08-10", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The heaviest baby was a boy weighing 9.98 kg that was born on 19 January 1879.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240619163007/https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/heaviest-birth", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the largest baby ever born, according to the Guinness Book of World Records?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Unanswerable", "answer_text": "No answer could be found."}], "question": "What babies born in 2023 weighed 8.6 kg?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "A baby with that weight was born August 28, 2014.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240619163007/https://akipress.com/news:546610:Indonesian_woman_gives_birth_to_baby_weighing_over_8_kg_--_heaviest-ever_newborn/#:~:text=Indonesia's%20heaviest%2Dever%20newborn%20drew,8.6%20kg%20(19.2%20pounds).", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Was an 8.6 kg baby ever born in Indonesia?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67ab524178ffc1b9fb7573c1#INPUT#3#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "This image was first posted in 2017.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240619163007/https://akipress.com/news:546610:Indonesian_woman_gives_birth_to_baby_weighing_over_8_kg_--_heaviest-ever_newborn/#:~:text=Indonesia's%20heaviest%2Dever%20newborn%20drew,8.6%20kg%20(19.2%20pounds).", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was this picture first posted online?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67ab524178ffc1b9fb7573c1#INPUT#4#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The baby in the picture weighs 7.5 kg.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240619163007/https://akipress.com/news:546610:Indonesian_woman_gives_birth_to_baby_weighing_over_8_kg_--_heaviest-ever_newborn/#:~:text=Indonesia's%20heaviest%2Dever%20newborn%20drew,8.6%20kg%20(19.2%20pounds).", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "How heavy is the baby in the image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by providing evidence from the Guinness Book of World Records which shows the heaviest baby was 9.98 kg in 1879, not 8.6 kg in 2018.", "claim_text": "Image shows the biggest baby born by natural birth at 8.6 kg, as recognized by the Guinness Book of World Records", "claim_images": ["67ab524178ffc1b9fb7573c1#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Silchar Diary", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://scontent-lga3-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t1.6435-9/38918498_1462134173929932_7744482627813376000_n.jpg?_nc_cat=108&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=833d8c&_nc_ohc=HeMVYVPNdjwQ7kNvgG6PW11&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-lga3-1.xx&_nc_gid=ACDKe2qeizsv0NWLdzlAqoE&oh=00_AYB-gL_qP_rqaule-9Hyk22f-kJK5c8IP4Uxh4GhU4gvMw&oe=67AAA426", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/1061528377323849/photos/a.1223556581121027/1462134170596599/?type=3&theater", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search", "Keyword Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240619193847/https://srilanka.factcrescendo.com/english/truth-behind-the-giant-tortoise-on-facebook/", "date": "2023-05-20", "label": "Refuted", "location": "LK", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67ab60dd78ffc1b9fb75e1d9#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The image was originally posted in 2014 by the Taronga Zoo.", "source_url": "https://www.instagram.com/p/nZpsJNQPk6/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the photo originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The image is of All, a 50-year-old Galapagos Tortoise.", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/tarongazoo/posts/just-albert-the-galapagos-tortoise-from-taronga-western-plains-zoo-enjoying-a-li/4495452127184310/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What animal is featured in the image?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Jonathan lives on Saint Helena, a remote island in the South Atlantic Ocean, where it's believe he arrived from the Seychelles all the way back in 1882!Jonathan lives in the grounds of Plantation House on the island, the official residence of the Governor of St Helena. ", "source_url": "https://www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/60007178", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where does Jonathan, a 191-year-old tortoise live?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "Taronga Zoo is in Sydney, Australia.", "source_url": "https://taronga.org.au/buy-tickets", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where is Taronga zoo?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The image is not of Jonathan the 191-year-old tortoise but instead of a 50-year-old Galapagos tortoise named All. Additionally, the photo was posted in 2014 by Taronga Zoo, not connected to Jonathan's current story.", "claim_text": "The picture shows Jonathan the 191 year old tortoise who is the oldest in the world.", "claim_images": ["67ab60dd78ffc1b9fb75e1d9#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://awesomescreenshot.s3.amazonaws.com/image/2070308/40088974-0383765f9cc06aa0e204b7fcce8b4b1f.png?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIAJSCJQ2NM3XLFPVKA%2F20250113%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20250113T024535Z&X-Amz-Expires=28800&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=cb99c3f52efbb5bac6e45c4954534ac07b6e752e798e76401445b786414cfe23", "original_claim_url": "https://www.awesomescreenshot.com/image/40088974?key=10fb91e78b568bb77ac51a3f929f6888", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search", "Fact-checker Reference"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230509055150/https://cambodia.factcrescendo.com/english/is-it-the-submarine-thailand-recently-purchased/", "date": "2023-04-22", "label": "Refuted", "location": "TH", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67ab625478ffc1b9fb760468#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The image was originally published on November 5, 2019.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230509055150/https://thediplomat.com/2019/11/south-koreas-navy-receives-third-upgraded-chang-bogo-i-class-diesel-electric-submarine/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67ab625478ffc1b9fb760468#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The submarine was built by Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine and was handed over to the South Korean Navy in 2019.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230509055150/https://bemil.chosun.com/nbrd/bbs/view.html?b_bbs_id=10002&pn=1&num=11600&fbclid=IwAR1iVJfR-wwKUKUVlSapS9GNGEPdtsNopCSIbE1QXpasp4l6OIYmBsFKvF4", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who was involved with the construction and purchase of the illustrated submarine?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that the image is a South Korean Navy submarine in 2019, not one recently purchased by Thailand.", "claim_text": "An image shows a submarine that was recently purchased by Thailand.", "claim_images": ["67ab625478ffc1b9fb760468#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Silong Neath", "transcription": "\u178f\u17b6\u17c6\u1784\u1796\u17b8\u1781\u17b9\u1784\u1781\u17d2\u1798\u17c2\u179a\u179a\u17bf\u1784\u1782\u17bb\u1793 \u1781\u17d2\u1798\u17c2\u179a\u1798\u1780 \u179f\u17bb\u1791\u17d2\u1792\u178f\u17c2\u1791\u17b7\u1789\u1793\u17b6 \u179c\u17b6\u1798\u17bc\u1787\u1791\u17b9\u1780 \u1798\u1780\u1794\u1784\u17d2\u17a2\u17bd\u178f \u1787\u17b7\u1789\u178e\u17b6\u179f\u17cb \u1798\u17b7\u1793\u1798\u17c2\u1793 \u1781\u17d2\u1798\u17c2\u179a\u179f\u17b6\u179a\u17b8\u1798\u17bb\u1793\u1791\u17c1\u17a2\u17b6\u17a2\u17bc\u1793 \u1781\u17d2\u1798\u17c2\u179a\u179f\u17b6\u179a\u17b8\u1780\u17d2\u179a\u17c4\u1799 \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u179b\u17c2\u1784\u178f\u17c2\u1781\u17c1\u178f\u17d2\u178f\u178f\u17b6\u1780\u17c2\u179c \u1798\u17bd\u1799 \u179c\u17c9\u17c3\u1792\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u1799\u178a\u179b\u17cb \u1794\u17b6\u1784\u1780\u1780", "media_source": "https://scontent-lga3-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/342182543_3152815608349760_5210334893411195781_n.jpg?_nc_cat=111&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=833d8c&_nc_ohc=lZd5dKJW9twQ7kNvgFbuSCT&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-lga3-1.xx&_nc_gid=AjEL6mDqf4kVbRyh8iOBDik&oh=00_AYAvXrVNjzS_qixRRPW23FRtLjJqEV8BLx-0B-HJJSzDZQ&oe=678A40A4", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=3575002119390348&set=a.1563184403905473", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20231004162601/https://www.thequint.com/news/webqoof/hoardings-put-up-in-rajasthan-against-pm-narendra-modi-fact-check", "date": "2023-05-31", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67ab661a78ffc1b9fb76145b#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The image was posted in 2019 when PM Modi visited to campaign for the 2019 Lok Sabha elections.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20231004162601/https://www.timesnownews.com/india/article/prime-minister-narendra-modi-andhra-pradesh-prime-minister-andhra-visit-billboards-in-andhra-pradesh/363058", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the hoardings originally put up?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "He visited the area in 2023 ahead of the stat's upcoming elections and to mark the central government's ninth anniversary in power.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20231004162601/https://archive.is/0Ok2n", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was PM Modi visiting the region in association with this posting?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that the hoarding was erected in 2019, not in 2023, the claim date.", "claim_text": "Picture shows hoardings put up in Rajasthan against PM Narendra Modi ahead of his visit to the state.", "claim_images": ["67ab661a78ffc1b9fb76145b#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@Siya7232", "transcription": "MODI NO ENTRY STOP", "media_source": "https://archive.is/0Ok2n/7f3ce5cf5cff6c9729c5722603107c96c8ea7964.jpg", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.is/0Ok2n", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240519112409/https://www.thequint.com/news/webqoof/loco-pilot-holding-umbrella-is-not-from-vande-bharat-express-kerala-fact-check", "date": "2023-04-28", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67ab693478ffc1b9fb761c14#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The image was originally published on 9 August 2017.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240519112409mp_/https://twitter.com/suchetadalal/status/895112733674266624?utm_source=loco-pilot-holding-umbrella-is-not-from-vande-bharat-express-kerala-fact-check&utm_medium=link_in_story", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The train went past the Bermo station.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240519112409mp_/https://twitter.com/suchetadalal/status/895112733674266624?utm_source=loco-pilot-holding-umbrella-is-not-from-vande-bharat-express-kerala-fact-check&utm_medium=link_in_story", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where was the image taken?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The Bermo station is associated with Jharkhand line.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240519112409mp_/https://indianexpress.com/article/trending/viral-videos-trending/this-video-of-a-train-driver-holding-an-umbrella-to-save-the-control-panel-from-leaky-roof-is-going-viral-4792035/?utm_source=loco-pilot-holding-umbrella-is-not-from-vande-bharat-express-kerala-fact-check&utm_medium=link_in_story", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What line is associated with the Bermo station?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that the image is from 2017 in Jharkhand, not 2023 in Kerala.", "claim_text": "Photo of the loco pilot of the newly inaugurated Vande Bharat Express in Kerala.", "claim_images": ["67ab693478ffc1b9fb761c14#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Soumya Sinha", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://perma.cc/C5DK-WSAK", "original_claim_url": "https://perma.cc/C5DK-WSAK", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search", "Keyword Search", "Video Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240527055859/https://en.youturn.in/factcheck/no-meitei-woman-was-not-sexually-assaulted-by-kuki-people.html", "date": "2023-05-05", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67ab6ab678ffc1b9fb761cc3#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The person is Delhi girl named Aayushi Chaudhary.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240527055859/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-63739951", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is the individual in the picture?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "It was an old honour killing by the parents over the relationship of their daughter with a man outside of their caste.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240527055859/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-63739951", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What are the circumstances around her death?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving this was an honor killing by the girl's parents in 2022, not a rape and killing by Kukis in 2023.", "claim_text": "A young Meitei nurse was raped and killed brutally by the Kuki people in Churachandpur hospital. ", "claim_images": ["67ab6ab678ffc1b9fb761cc3#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@jinnngomez50592", "transcription": "Ccpur gi hospital da nurse oiraga leiba meitei nupi kuki mayamna rape twraga hatline adusu hospital manungda moi mayam chngaga mayam share twbiyu", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230506054014im_/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FvY9RyaaEAAOOFt?format=jpg&name=large", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230506054014/https://twitter.com/jinnngomez50592/status/1654577290968444928", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230701151819/https://www.vishvasnews.com/english/world/fact-check-image-from-spain-shared-as-that-of-chennai-super-kings-and-dhoni-fans-viral-claim-false/", "date": "2023-05-28", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67ac9fb178ffc1b9fb77fab2#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The image is from Gran Canaria, an island of Spain.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230701151819/http://marca.com/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where was the image taken?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67ac9fb178ffc1b9fb77fab2#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The picture is of thousands of fans gathered outside the Gran Canaria stadium to welcome the UD Las Palmas team.", "source_url": "https://twitter.com/EFEdeportes/status/1662523769238216704", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What were the people pictured celebrating?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving the crowd is in Spain cheering the UD Las Palmas team, not Mahendra Singh Dhoni. ", "claim_text": "Huge crowd gathered in support of Mahendra Singh Dhoni. ", "claim_images": ["67ac9fb178ffc1b9fb77fab2#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Garv Se Kaho Hum Hindu Hai", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://perma.cc/H35N-GJSL", "original_claim_url": "https://perma.cc/H35N-GJSL", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Media Source Discovery", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240225055904/https://factly.in/false-images-shared-to-misrepresent-an-old-incident-of-muslim-incestuous-marriage-as-a-recent-event/", "date": "2023-02-26", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Such an event did happen in Jalpaiguiri in 2007 between Afazuddin Ali and his daughter.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240225055904/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/gowdas-take-political-farce-to-a-new-high/articleshow/2554554.cms", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Was there a situation where a Muslim man married his daughter in Jalpaiguri?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67aca1c478ffc1b9fb781e85#INPUT#1#0.jpg", "67aca1c478ffc1b9fb781e85#INPUT#1#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240225055904/https://web.archive.org/web/20200718193550/https:/twitter.com/naikaryarwaqai/status/1284464510712111105", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The people in the image are from Pakistan, but they are not Afazuddin Ali and his daughter."}], "question": "Are the people in the picture Afazuddin Ali and his daughter?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "According to the  BBC article from November 20, 2007 the Muslim who married his 15-year-old daughter and made her pregnant had to be rescued from angry Jaipalguri villagers in the Indian state of West Bengal, police say.", "source_url": "http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7103292.stm", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When did a muslim man married his daughter in Jalpaiguri?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim about a Muslim man marrying his daughter in Jalpaiguri in 2020 is false. The actual event occurred in 2007 involving Afazuddin Ali and was widely reported at the time. The people in the images are not related to the claim.", "claim_text": "Images of a Muslim man who married his daughter in West Bengal\u2019s Jalpaiguri in 2020.", "claim_images": ["67aca1c478ffc1b9fb781e85#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67aca1c478ffc1b9fb781e85#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Chaitanya Sahu", "transcription": "\u091c\u0932\u092a\u093e\u0908\u0917\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u092c\u0947\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0939 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u094c\u0932\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0905\u091c\u0930\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0928\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u092c\u094d\u092c\u0942 \u092c\u0928\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0932\u0902\u0917\u0924\u094b\u0921\u093c \u092c\u0927\u093e\u0908 !!; 2017 \u092e\u0947 \u092c\u0947\u091f\u0940 \u0925\u0940........ 2020 \u092e\u0947 \u092c\u0947\u0917\u093c\u092e \u092f\u0939\u0940 \u0924\u094b \u0939\u0948 \u0907\u0938\u094d\u0932\u093e\u092e.", "media_source": "https://scontent-lga3-3.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/472262129_1514721125768471_9060545414986660651_n.jpg?_nc_cat=110&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=aa7b47&_nc_ohc=o4yaJSemb-QQ7kNvgF5f0A2&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-lga3-3.xx&_nc_gid=AjPz38l3FLVPKeKXW0foCTM&oh=00_AYAIGYrOTVds_UDK5S51JPZHGOCNBiErwmGxTH85q6r0HQ&oe=678BCC30", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230309102714/https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=1147937435780177&set=gm.3094662514168395&idorvanity=1590584664576195", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search", "Keyword Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230924103936/https://www.telugupost.com/english-factcheck/viral-message-of-a-surgeon-on-steps-to-cure-cancer-is-a-hoax-1475660", "date": "2019-02-22", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Unanswerable", "answer_text": "No answer could be found."}], "question": "What other information has been posted by Dr. Gupta?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Research states that there is no evidence that a \"sugar-free\" diet lowers the risk of getting cancer.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230924103936/https://news.cancerresearchuk.org/2020/10/20/sugar-and-cancer-what-you-need-to-know/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does research say about a \"sugar-free\" diet and cancer?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving with an authoritative source that reducing or eliminating sugar does not lower the risk of cancer, nor does it cure cancer.", "claim_text": "Cutting sugar cures cancer. \n", "claim_images": ["67acabbe78ffc1b9fb78239d#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67acabbe78ffc1b9fb78239d#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "HolisHealth.com", "transcription": "Cancer is not the disease Dr. Gupta says, no one should die of cancer except without care. (1). The first step is to stop all sugar intake, without sugar in your body, the cancer cells die naturally  you can choose any of the two treatments after avoiding sugar. Ignorance is not an excuse. I've shared this information for more than 5 years. Let everyone around you know, that it is a desecration of what is destined for anyone who dies this day from cancer, directed as received.", "media_source": "https://scontent-lga3-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t1.6435-9/52585274_2043935775653547_161861627870707712_n.jpg?_nc_cat=111&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=127cfc&_nc_ohc=cpGpG6N49D0Q7kNvgH1F9tZ&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-lga3-1.xx&_nc_gid=APgAMSUAeKH3MjNCPp47tfa&oh=00_AYD3rHlJjVpmO7_tODW_7NSVJrzkwdvSX3TrwLRzyOGFpg&oe=67AE24B2", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/holishealthcom/posts/2043938208986637?ref=embed_post", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted"], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230924103936/https://www.telugupost.com/english-factcheck/viral-message-of-a-surgeon-on-steps-to-cure-cancer-is-a-hoax-1475660", "date": "2019-02-22", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Unanswerable", "answer_text": "No answer could be found."}], "question": "What other health information has been posted by Dr. Gupta?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "Although some studies indicate virgin coconut oil can reduce the side effects of chemotherapy, there is no evidence that coconut oil cures cancer.", "source_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4176590/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What scientific evidence exists for coconut oil's ability to cure cancer?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The American Society for Nutrition has warned that coconut oil is not  a miracle food.\nThe problem with coconut oil is that it is being touted as this magical, cure-all substance that can do anything from soothing unrelenting frizzy hair to curing chronic diseases. Further, a survey found that there is a discrepancy in the perception of coconut oil as a \u201chealth food\u201d between the American public and those involved in nutrition. Coconut oil has recently become trendy among the health food community, so, while it is probably best to not consume coconut oil excessively, a little bit here and there will likely be fine.\n\n ", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20231204003502/https://nutrition.org/coconut-oil-medical-miracle-marketing-miracle/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does American Society for Nutrition say about coconut oil?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "There is no scientific evidence that coconut oil cures cancer. While it may reduce side effects of chemotherapy, it does not cure the disease.", "claim_text": "Drinking coconut oil cures cancer. ", "claim_images": ["67acb31b78ffc1b9fb782531#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67acb31b78ffc1b9fb782531#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "HolisHealth.com", "transcription": "Cancer is not the disease Dr. Gupta says, no one should die of cancer except without care. (3). The third step is to drink 3 tablespoons of organic coconut oil, morning and night and cancer will disappear, you can choose any of the two treatments after avoiding sugar. Ignorance is not an excuse. I've shared this information for more than 5 years. Let everyone around you know, that it is a desecration of what is destined for anyone who dies this day from cancer, directed as received.", "media_source": "https://scontent-lga3-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t1.6435-9/52585274_2043935775653547_161861627870707712_n.jpg?_nc_cat=111&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=127cfc&_nc_ohc=cpGpG6N49D0Q7kNvgH1F9tZ&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-lga3-1.xx&_nc_gid=APgAMSUAeKH3MjNCPp47tfa&oh=00_AYD3rHlJjVpmO7_tODW_7NSVJrzkwdvSX3TrwLRzyOGFpg&oe=67AE24B2", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/holishealthcom/posts/2043938208986637?ref=embed_post", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": [], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240806120349/https://www.boomlive.in/fact-check/politics/fake-news-modi-no-entry-billboard-photo-andhra-pradesh-narendra-modi-rajasthan-visit-factcheck-22135", "date": "2023-05-31", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "He visited on May 31, 2023 when he addressed a rally in Ajmer to mark nine years of his government in power.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240806120349/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/9-years-bjp-govt-welfare-of-poor-cong-tricked-them-pm-modi-rajasthan-8639145/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When did Modi visit Rajasthan?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67acb47178ffc1b9fb782606#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The image was originally posted on February 9, 2019.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240806120349/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/ahead-pms-andhra-visit-modi-no-entry-billboards-appear-multiple-places-96486", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the picture taken?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67acb47178ffc1b9fb782606#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The billboards were erected in Andhra Pradesh, not Rajasthan.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240806120349/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/ahead-pms-andhra-visit-modi-no-entry-billboards-appear-multiple-places-96486", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where was the billboard posted?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that the hoarding was erected in 2019, four years prior to Modi's 2023 visit to Rajasthan.", "claim_text": "Photo shows 'Modi No Entry' billboard in Rajasthan during Prime Minister Narendra Modi's visit.", "claim_images": ["67acb47178ffc1b9fb782606#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@Siya7232", "transcription": "MODI NO ENTRY STOP", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230817124752im_/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/Fxbh2JGXgAIOz-D?format=jpg&name=small", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230817124752/https://twitter.com/Siya7232/status/1663765435094011905", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240615234356/https://www.vishvasnews.com/english/viral/fact-check-viral-post-falsely-claims-rahul-gandhi-met-maker-of-bbc-documentary/", "date": "2023-01-27", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67acb76078ffc1b9fb7826e3#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Rahul Gandhi is pictured with British MP Jeremy Corbyn and Sam Pitroda, advisor to former PM Manmohan Singh.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240615234356/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/rahul-gandhi-lands-in-fresh-controversy-over-meeting-with-jeremy-corbyn-known-for-anti-india-anti-hindu-stance-397692", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is featured in the picture?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Richard Cookson and Mike Radford.", "source_url": "https://www.newslaundry.com/2023/01/25/bbcs-modi-documentary-is-a-story-already-known-aired-and-shared-but-with-one-big-bombshell", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who are the producers of the series 'India: The Modi Question'.", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving with a reliable source that the persons in the image with Gandhi are Jeremy Corbyn and Sam Pitroda, who are a former British PM and an advisor to former PM Manmohan Singh, respectively.", "claim_text": "Photo shows that Rahul Gandhi met with the makers of the controversial BBC series 'India: The Modi Question'.", "claim_images": ["67acb76078ffc1b9fb7826e3#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Bhushan Gosavi", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230127104619/https://scontent-iad3-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/327722622_1186867101940751_6754448773016860188_n.jpg?stp=dst-jpg_s720x720&_nc_cat=100&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=5cd70e&_nc_ohc=sgXhOGFe7OwAX9djFZM&_nc_ht=scontent-iad3-1.xx&oh=00_AfANAB1gA9fcAPUl4P4C2E7b6UdEMPjUnwAYtQRy8_CVWQ&oe=63D80E80", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230127104618/https://www.facebook.com/groups/3026959987371352/posts/5817514738315849/?mibextid=6NoCDW", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Media Source Discovery", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240720064623/https://newschecker.in/fact-check/did-muslims-attack-a-jain-monk-in-karnataka-fake-news/", "date": "2023-05-10", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67acbcaf78ffc1b9fb7827c6#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The image was originally posted on April 1, 2018.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240720064623/https://twitter.com/PINTUYADAVKING2/status/980285420054372352", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally posted?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67acbcaf78ffc1b9fb7827c6#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Unanswerable", "answer_text": "No answer could be found."}], "question": "Where was the image taken?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67acbcaf78ffc1b9fb7827c6#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The image was posted in May 2018.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240720064623/https://twitter.com/ShayarImran/status/1001505786793639936", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was this picture originally posted?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67acbcaf78ffc1b9fb7827c6#INPUT#3#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The man was allegedly thrashed by his wife and her lover.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240720064623/https://smhoaxslayer.com/old-photos-are-viral-claimed-to-be-from-attack-on-devotees-in-bhagalpur/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What are the circumstances around this photo?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67acbcaf78ffc1b9fb7827c6#INPUT#4#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The image was originally posted on March 31, 2018.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240720064623/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/310318/postcard-news-founder-in-jail-for-spreading-fake-news.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was this image originally posted?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67acbcaf78ffc1b9fb7827c6#INPUT#5#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The Karnataka police arrested Mahesh Vikram Hegde for spreading fake news suggesting that the Jain monk pictured was attached by Muslims.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240720064623/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/co-founder-of-postcard-news-arrested-by-ccb/article23388574.ece", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Was the information about the attack represented by this photo accurate?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that CLAIM_IMG_1and CLAIM_IMG_2 are from 2018, not 2023, and that CLAIM_IMG_0 depicts a person arrested for spreading false stories about Muslims attacking Jain monks. ", "claim_text": "Muslims attacked a Jain monk in Karnataka.", "claim_images": ["67acbcaf78ffc1b9fb7827c6#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67acbcaf78ffc1b9fb7827c6#CLAIM#1.jpg", "67acbcaf78ffc1b9fb7827c6#CLAIM#2.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@Rajendr46509722", "transcription": "\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0928\u093e\u091f\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0948\u0928 \u092e\u0941\u0928\u093f \u0915\u094b \u092e\u0941\u0938\u0932\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0939\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0938 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u093e\u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u092f\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u0905\u092c \u0915\u093e\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0938 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0905\u0938\u0932\u0940 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906 \u0917\u0908 \u0915\u093e\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u094b\u091f \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0907\u0938\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0924\u0941\u092e\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0938 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0930\u0939\u0947\u0917\u0940 \u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u092b\u094b\u091f\u094b \u0915\u094b \u0908\u0924\u0928\u093e \u092d\u0947\u091c\u094b \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0932 \u0924\u0915 \u0928\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u094b\u0926\u0940 \u091c\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u091c\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0902\u091a \u091c\u093e\u0910\u0964 \u0906\u091c \u092e\u094c\u0915\u093e \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u092a\u0941\u0923\u094d\u092f\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0964 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092e\u0941\u0938\u0932\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e \u091c\u094b \u0907\u0938 \u0935\u0940\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0915\u094b \u0936\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u093e \u0906\u092a \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u092d\u0917\u0935\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0938\u092e \u0964", "media_source": "https://pbs.twimg.com/media/Fvxc_8TaIAI-fOU?format=jpg&name=900x900", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230515101012/https://twitter.com/Rajendr46509722/status/1656301019910000641", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery", "Reverse Image Search", "Fact-checker Reference"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240301133440/https://www.thequint.com/news/webqoof/babita-phogat-made-statement-against-anti-caa-protests-at-shaheen-bagh-and-is-not-showing-any-support-to-wrestlers-protests-fact-check", "date": "2023-04-29", "label": "Not Enough Evidence", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/5TPH-H23M", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Babita Phogat had indeed tweeted against people at Shaheen Bagh for protesting against CAA and NRC."}], "question": "Did Babita Phogat speak against protests at Shaheen Bagh?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "In a statement on Twitter, politician Babita Kumari Phogat, a former female wrestler and three-time Commonwealth Games medalist, said she stands with her fellow wrestlers.", "source_url": "https://www.cnn.com/2023/01/20/sport/indian-wrestlers-sexual-harassment-inquiry-protest-spt-intl/index.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What did Babita Phogat's tweet said about wrestlers?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67ad235878ffc1b9fb78b5a7#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Yes, Babita Phogat had tweeted against the Shaheen Bagh protests, criticizing those opposing the CAA and NRC.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240301133440/https://www.thequint.com/news/india/endless-demonisation-how-shaheen-bagh-holds-its-own-anti-caa-demolition", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": " Did Babita Phogat speak against the protests at Shaheen Bagh?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67ad235878ffc1b9fb78b5a7#INPUT#3#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "No, while Babita Phogat has expressed support for wrestlers, there is no definitive evidence that she is actively protesting alongside them. Some reports mention \"Vinesh Phogat,\" but it is unclear if Babita Phogat is directly involved.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240301133440/https://www.thequint.com/sports/wrestling/7-women-wrestlers-who-complained-against-brij-bhushan-receiving-threats-vinesh-phogat#read-more", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Is there clear evidence that Babita Phogat is actively protesting with wrestlers?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "There is no evidence given who the people in the photo are or when and where the photo was taken. The view source concerning her speaking against the protests cannot be translated. The evidence did show: Babita Kumari Phogat said she stands with her fellow wrestlers. There is no evidence that she actively protested with wrestlers.", "claim_text": "Babita Phogat is protesting with wrestlers after mocking anti-CAA protest", "claim_images": ["67ad235878ffc1b9fb78b5a7#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Shah Nawaz Farooque", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://perma.cc/Z3QX-GJTP", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": [], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240419111310/https://www.aap.com.au/factcheck/scientists-roast-climate-denier-on-cooling-claim/", "date": "2023-01-13", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67ad8a3678ffc1b9fb78de50#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/monitoring/climate-at-a-glance/global/time-series/globe/land_ocean/ann/3/2015-2022?trend=true&trend_base=10&begtrendyear=2015&endtrendyear=2022&filter=true&filterType=binomial", "source_medium": "Image/graphic", "boolean_explanation": "The data is accurate and comes from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)."}], "question": "Is the pictured data accurate?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://theconversation.com/its-official-2015-was-the-hottest-year-ever-recorded-53283", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "2015 was more than 0.2 degrees Celsius hotter than any prior year"}], "question": "Was 2015 an abnormal year in terms of temperature?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67ad8a3678ffc1b9fb78de50#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The years from 2015 to 2022 were the eight hottest years on record at the time.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240420015253/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/climate/earth-hottest-years.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is special about the timeframe selected in this data?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "There is a long-term upward trend in temperature anomalies.", "source_url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/monitoring/climate-at-a-glance/global/time-series/globe/tavg/land_ocean/12/12/1880-2022?trend=true&trend_base=10&begtrendyear=2015&endtrendyear=2022&filter=true&filterType=binomial", "source_medium": "Image/graphic"}], "question": "What does the trend in temperature anomalies for the past couple decades look like?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67ad8a3678ffc1b9fb78de50#INPUT#4#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "No, global temperature data from NOAA and other sources show an overall warming trend since 2015, with the years 2015\u20132022 being among the hottest on record.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240419111310/https://www.noaa.gov/about-our-agency", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Has global temperature been decreasing since 2015?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Some individuals may selectively highlight short-term fluctuations, such as temporary cooling caused by natural climate variability (e.g., La Ni\u00f1a events), while ignoring the long-term warming trend.  ", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240419111310/https://t.co/7zNlSJUPqh", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Why might someone claim there has been a cooling trend since 2015?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The years from 2015 to 2022 were the eight hottest years on record at the time. Global temperature data from NOAA and other sources show an overall warming trend since 2015, with the years 2015\u20132022 being among the hottest on record. The claim is misleading because it does not consider the temperatures before 2015.", "claim_text": "The planet has been in a period of global cooling since 2015.", "claim_images": ["67ad8a3678ffc1b9fb78de50#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Steve Milloy (@JunkScience) ", "transcription": "NOAA makes it official.  Last 8 years\u2026 global cooling\u2026 at a rate of 0.11\u00b0C/decade\u2026. despite 450+ billion tons of emissions worth 14% of total manmade CO2 in the atmosphere.  CO2 warming is a hoax. ", "media_source": "https://twitter.com/JunkScience/status/1613724250011242497", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240419111310/https://twitter.com/JunkScience/status/1613724250011242497", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Numerical Claim", "Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Numerical Comparison", "Consultation"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": [], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230205083442/https://newsmobile.in/articles/2023/01/21/fact-check-no-kangana-ranaut-did-not-celebrate-makar-sankranti-with-bsf-jawans/", "date": "2023-01-14", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Makar Sankranti falls on January 14 or January 15", "source_url": "https://nationaltoday.com/event/makar-sankranti/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When is Makar Sakranti typically celebrated?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Commonsense-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67ad8f8d78ffc1b9fb78e090#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "09 Feb, 2017", "source_url": "https://www.navodayatimes.in/news/filmi-duniya/kangana-reaches-bsf-camp-for-promotions-of-rangoon/31190/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67ad8f8d78ffc1b9fb78e090#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "Kangana was promoting her film Rangoon at an Army camp in Jammu.", "source_url": "https://www.navodayatimes.in/news/filmi-duniya/kangana-reaches-bsf-camp-for-promotions-of-rangoon/31190/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the context of the photo?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "24th February, 2017", "source_url": "https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/shahid-kapoor-kangana-ranaut-take-rangoon-to-the-kapil-sharma-show/photostory/57079182.cms", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the film Rangoon released?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that the image is from a film promotion in February, 2017, not a Makar Sakranti celebration in 2023.", "claim_text": " The picture showing actor Kangana Ranaut with BSF jawans celebrating Makar Sakranti.", "claim_images": ["67ad8f8d78ffc1b9fb78e090#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "", "transcription": "Makar Sankranti Kangana Renaut celebrating with border security and encouraged him.", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Media Source Discovery", "Fact-checker Reference"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240522235242/https://en.youturn.in/factcheck/chinese-citizens-hinduism-in-malaysia.html", "date": "2023-02-12", "label": "Refuted", "location": "MY", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67ae008978ffc1b9fb79f884#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The image was posted on April 2, 2019", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240522235242/https://www.facebook.com/groups/1752737945001733/permalink/2265305580411631/?mibextid=S66gvF", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally posted?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Unanswerable", "answer_text": "No answer could be found."}], "question": "What news reports exist of the mass conversion?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that the image is from 2019, not 2022 or the claim date of 2023.", "claim_text": "Thousands of Chinese citizens adopted Hindu religion in Malaysia in February 2022. ", "claim_images": ["67ae008978ffc1b9fb79f884#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@KrishnaInterpr1", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://archive.ph/IBHFq/3ceda149dbaf872d1eaac7591096760313894c47.jpg", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.ph/IBHFq", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240624040321/https://en.youturn.in/factcheck/photo-of-a-persons-face-crushed-under-a-cops-boot-is-not-from-recent-wrestlers-arrest.html", "date": "2023-05-28", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67ae02da78ffc1b9fb79fa6a#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The image was published on January 30, 2021.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240624040321/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/politics/300121/delhi-borders-tense-as-locals-farmers-clash.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67ae02da78ffc1b9fb79fa6a#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The person is Ranjit Singh, a young male farmer from Kajampur.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240624040321/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ludhiana/man-under-boot-now-image-of-cop-aggression/articleshow/80621061.cms", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is the individual under the cop's boot?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that the image is of a male farmer at a 2021 protest, not a woman wrestler in 2023.", "claim_text": "The image shows an Indian medalist woman wrestler's face crushed under a cop's boot during the wrestlers\u2019 arrest.", "claim_images": ["67ae02da78ffc1b9fb79fa6a#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@ziyaussalam", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://archive.is/yAOMk/3e7f392e02a0cb3ba3daccae74742e9aa943c0a6.jpg", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.is/yAOMk", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230310022248/https://www.5newsonline.com/article/news/verify/social-security-verify/no-vote-to-raise-social-security-age-to-70-by-156-republicans/536-99a3b3e9-4c29-488a-a632-28d92b24b1cb", "date": "2023-02-26", "label": "Not Enough Evidence", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "Page 82 of the 2023 fiscal year budget plan proposes gradually raising the current full age eligible to receive Social Security by three months every year until 2040, when the full retirement age would be 70.", "source_url": "https://banks.house.gov/uploadedfiles/fy23_budget_final_copy.pdf", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Did a group of Republicans propose raising the retirement age to 70?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The Blueprint to Save America\u2019s only appearance in the Congressional Record is on June 21, 2022. Several Republicans spoke in support of the RSC\u2019s budget, but no one actually turned the proposal into a bill or forced an official House vote on it \u2014 the next steps in the legislative process. ", "source_url": "https://www.congress.gov/congressional-record/volume-168/issue-105/house-section/article/H5720-5?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22blueprint+to+save+america%22%5D%7D&s=10&r=5", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Was the 2023 budget plan ever voted on?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Yes, the 2023 fiscal year budget plan proposed gradually increasing the full retirement age by three months each year until it reaches 70 by 2040.  ", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230310022248/https://twitter.com/mmpadellan/status/1629806015704182786?s=20", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Did a group of Republicans propose raising the Social Security retirement age to 70?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The proposal appeared in the Congressional Record on June 21, 2022, and some Republicans voiced support for it. However, it was never turned into a bill or brought to a vote.  \n", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230310022248/https://www.congress.gov/congressional-record/volume-168/issue-105/house-section/article/H5720-5?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22blueprint+to+save+america%22%5D%7D&s=10&r=5", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Did Congress vote on the Republican budget plan that included raising the Social Security age?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "Page 82 of the 2023 fiscal year budget plan cannot be accessed. No evidence sited to verify that the CLAIM_IMG_0 is accurate or this group of republicans voted on or did not vote on slashing Social Security.", "claim_text": "A group of republicans voted to raise the age for Social Security to 70.", "claim_images": ["67ae1c7f78ffc1b9fb7a3279#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "BrooklynDad_Defiant!", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://x.com/mmpadellan/status/1629806015704182786", "reporting_source": "X", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted"], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240619203833/https://en.youturn.in/factcheck/deepika-padukone-orange-heel-image-shared-relating-to-pathaan-movie.html", "date": "2023-01-06", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67ae1d4f78ffc1b9fb7a32da#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The image was posted on May 17, 2019.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240619203833/https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.vogue.in/content/deepika-padukone-best-looks-at-cannes-film-festival-2019-day-1/amp", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally posted?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67ae1d4f78ffc1b9fb7a32da#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The image was taken during Day 2 of the 2019 Cannes Film Festival.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240619203833/https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.vogue.in/content/deepika-padukone-best-looks-at-cannes-film-festival-2019-day-1/amp", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where was the image taken?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The movie was released on January 25, 2023.", "source_url": "https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/gujarat-bajrang-dal-protests-against-film-pathaan-tear-down-shah-rukh-khans-posters20230105093301", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the Pathaan movie released?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that the image was taken in 2019, four years prior to the release of Pathaan. Whatever the issue was with her saffron outfit in Pathaan is not connected with the heels in the image.", "claim_text": "Picture shows Deepika Padukone in saffron colored heels after the issue of her saffron outfit in the 'Besharam Rang' song featured in the Pathaan movie.", "claim_images": ["67ae1d4f78ffc1b9fb7a32da#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@drkandoi", "transcription": "\u0926\u0940\u092a\u093f\u0915\u093e \u092d\u0915\u094d\u0924\u094b \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u0932\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u091c \u0928\u0939\u0940 \u0906 \u0930\u0939\u0940", "media_source": "https://archive.is/wYMve/06daf18b0e36ebc0439b81c73af1b7a96c17bbc6.jpg", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.is/wYMve", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241007195521/https://annielab.org/2023/06/15/analysis-a-series-of-misleading-claims-about-recent-natural-disasters-in-china/", "date": "2023-05-07", "label": "Refuted", "location": "CN", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "At least six people died in the flooding while 10 others perished and disappeared due to the wind and hail disaster.", "source_url": "https://www.mem.gov.cn/xw/yjglbgzdt/202306/t20230607_452895.shtml", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "How many people died due to flood and rain in Eastern China in May 2023, based on government reports?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67ae1f3178ffc1b9fb7a33dd#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://apnews.com/article/technology-china-floods-93eeee467d8b0c7d148d90710d6ae068", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The photo shows vehicles stranded due to the flooding in Zhengzhou city on July 20, 2021."}], "question": "Is the photo associated with the flooding in Eastern China in May 2023 ?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67ae1f3178ffc1b9fb7a33dd#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Australian soldiers help with evacuation tasks during flooding in Lismore, northern NSW on 30 March 2022.", "source_url": "https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2023/apr/05/former-adf-chief-calls-for-release-of-secret-report-into-security-threat-posed-by-climate-crisis", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the image show?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": " The claim that flooding and rain in Eastern China resulted in 10,000 deaths is false. Government reports indicate that only six people died due to flooding, with an additional 10 casualties from wind and hail. The image provided is not related to the May 2023 flooding in Eastern China, further discrediting the claim.", "claim_text": "Flooding and rain in Eastern China resulted in the death of 10,000 people. \n", "claim_images": ["67ae1f3178ffc1b9fb7a33dd#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67ae1f3178ffc1b9fb7a33dd#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Digital Desk", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://archive.is/8c6uN/8064f8f88b43c1a0c6c7d3860beff285f84770c9.webp,https://archive.is/8c6uN/3c9ae487da8e91c8a8d17c80e3ed66090673b5a6.webp", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.is/8c6uN", "reporting_source": "Republicworld.com", "claim_types": ["Numerical Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery", "Image Analysis", "Geolocation", "Fact-checker Reference"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted", "Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230402055524/https://newsmobile.in/articles/2023/01/10/fact-check-2015-image-of-a-cambodian-school-erroneously-linked-to-india/", "date": "2023-01-05", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67ae1f7b78ffc1b9fb7a34f8#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The image was first published in April 3, 2015.", "source_url": "https://www.postkhmer.com/%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%8C%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B7/%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8B%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B9%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%95%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%A0%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%8D%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9", "source_medium": "Image/graphic"}], "question": "When was the image first published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related", "Metadata-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67ae1f7b78ffc1b9fb7a34f8#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": " Cambodia-based news outlet had  the same viral image from a different angle.", "source_url": "https://www.postkhmer.com/%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%8C%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B7/%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8B%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B9%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%95%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%A0%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%8D%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where was the image first published?", "answer_method": "Metadata", "question_type": ["Image-related", "Metadata-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67ae1f7b78ffc1b9fb7a34f8#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://turnbackhoax.id/2020/08/27/salah-foto-kebobrokan-indonesia-yang-harus-ditutupi/", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "It is confirmed that the viral image is not from India, but from Cambodia."}], "question": "Was the image taken in India?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67ae1f7b78ffc1b9fb7a34f8#INPUT#3#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The first article that used the photo titled \u201cOur Children, Their Children\u201d was written by Thou Veasna from Ratanakiri Province and published on March 26, 2015. In the article, it was stated that the photo was taken during a learning activity in a village and presented an opinion about the state of education in Cambodia.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230610010711/https://turnbackhoax.id/2020/08/27/salah-foto-kebobrokan-indonesia-yang-harus-ditutupi/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the image show?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that the image is from 2015 in Indonesia, not 2023 in India.", "claim_text": "An image showing a child studying in torn clothes in a makeshift classroom is from India.", "claim_images": ["67ae1f7b78ffc1b9fb7a34f8#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Er Rajeev Sania", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/shrihari333/posts/pfbid0HtNHXVLehPmWTrYjuTPFpmuAU3gYibfcQPxysHZUJpihaMVhhfVckgh2jCofsZd2l", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241225014542/https://newschecker.in/fact-check/%25E2%2582%25B9500-notes-ambanis-nmacc-event/", "date": "2023-04-02", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67ae1fe278ffc1b9fb7a3567#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "A Tweet featuring a picture of a dessert decorated with Rs. 500 notes went viral today as the user claimed it was served at a high-profile party.", "source_url": "https://food.ndtv.com/news/this-dessert-decorated-with-fake-notes-caught-twitters-attention-see-pic-3915640", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the image show?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67ae1fe278ffc1b9fb7a3567#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/ambanis-served-nmacc-guests-halwa-with-rs-500-notes-but-there-is-a-twist-2354955-2023-04-03", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "\u201c..the guests at Ambani\u2019s party at the NMACC launch were served a dish with Rs 500 notes in it, but it wasn\u2019t real money.\u201d"}], "question": "Are the \u20b9500 notes added to a dish as a part of culinary presentation real?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67ae1fe278ffc1b9fb7a3567#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "There is no evidence that \u20b9500 notes were used as tissue paper at the event. The claim is based on misinterpretation of an image showing a dessert decorated with fake \u20b9500 notes.  ", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241225014542/https://food.ndtv.com/news/at-ambanis-party-money-served-in-place-of-tissues-with-food-see-viral-tweet-3915640", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Was \u20b9500 currency used as tissue paper at the event hosted by the Ambani family?  \n", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "A dessert was served at the Ambani event, decorated with fake \u20b9500 notes as a culinary presentation, not as actual currency or tissue paper. ", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241225014542/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/ambanis-served-nmacc-guests-halwa-with-rs-500-notes-but-there-is-a-twist-2354955-2023-04-03", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What was actually served at the Ambani event that led to the viral claim?  ", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "As stated in India Today, the guests at Ambani\u2019s party at the NMACC launch were served a dish with Rs 500 notes in it, but it wasn\u2019t real money. There is no evidence that \u20b9500 notes were used as tissue paper at the event. The claim is based on misinterpretation of CLAIM_IMG_0, an image showing a dessert decorated with fake \u20b9500 notes.  ", "claim_text": "500 rupee notes were served at a recent event by the Ambani family instead of tissue paper.", "claim_images": ["67ae1fe278ffc1b9fb7a3567#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Sreeram Iyer", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/sreeram.iyer.505/posts/pfbid019s7qosUfowRF4sGrr1ro8p27bHJU6F2CyKpBvPXPs3X1gdUsdyssyy76LFoeSexl", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted"], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230131044317/https://factly.in/this-image-shows-rahul-gandhi-with-britains-labour-party-leader-not-with-bbc-producer/", "date": "2023-01-26", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67ae206c78ffc1b9fb7a3612#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The image features Rahul Gandhi, Jeremy Corbyn and Sam Pitroda.", "source_url": "https://businessbbcx.com/how-many-business-days-in-a-year/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who are shown in the image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The producers are Richard Cookson and Mike Radford.", "source_url": "https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p0dkb144", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who are the producers of the BBC documentary 'India: The Modi Question'?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving the persons with Modi are Jeremy Corbyn and Sam Pitroda, while also proving the producers of The Modi Question are Richard Cookson and Mike Radford.", "claim_text": "Image of Rahul Gandhi with producer of BBC documentary \u2018India: The Modi Question.\u2019", "claim_images": ["67ae206c78ffc1b9fb7a3612#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "\u0905\u091c\u093f\u0924\u0928\u094d \u0935\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0930\u094d \u0935\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0930\u094d", "transcription": "6 months back rahul went to UK and met the BBC producer. Now we know why", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230127170115/https://scontent-sjc3-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/326112929_1602175230231002_2198376565199410619_n.jpg?_nc_cat=100&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=5cd70e&_nc_ohc=HEiqt2FIP-wAX-H5AqN&_nc_ht=scontent-sjc3-1.xx&oh=00_AfAqt-3U5HfYa5sLsLeXTlQYsvoG1qUzc1kYH7dAITWRgw&oe=63D8F85C", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230127170115/https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=6070036549721974&set=gm.3481423795515671&idorvanity=2326724657652263", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230307063531/https://newsmobile.in/articles/2023/03/02/fact-check-image-of-pakistan-army-officer-and-minister-viral-with-misleading-claims/", "date": "2023-03-02", "label": "Refuted", "location": "PK", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67ae2afc67f879bc89a289ca#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "He is Pakistan Army officer Major General Mohammad Yusuf Majoka. Majoka is the Inspector General (IG) of the Frontier Corps (North) of the Pakistan Army based in Quetta, capital of Balochistan. ", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230307063531/https://bexpress.com.pk/2022/03/ig-fc-balochistan-visits-mureedabad-quetta/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is a man wearing a Pakistan Army uniform in the image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67ae2afc67f879bc89a289ca#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Balochistan minister for communication and works Sardar Abdul Rehman Khetran (left).", "source_url": "https://www.firstpost.com/explainers/barkhan-triple-murders-in-pakistan-balochistan-private-prisons-sardar-abdul-rehman-khetran-12198252.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is the person on the left in the image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by providing sources that identify the men as Balochistan minister for communication and works Sardar Abdul Rehman Khetran (left) and Pakistan Army officer Major General Mohammad Yusuf Majoka. ", "claim_text": "An image shows a secret meeting between Nadeem Anjum, chief of Pakistan\u2019s intelligence agency ISI, and Saif al-Adel, the new chief of Al-Qaeda.", "claim_images": ["67ae2afc67f879bc89a289ca#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": [], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240413184541/https://en.youturn.in/factcheck/did-narendra-modi-say-he-studied-mechanical-engineering.html", "date": "2023-04-03", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67ae52a667f879bc89a29f4b#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "Narendra Modi. The youth in the picture is Narendra Modi from Gujarat BJP. As his party\u2019s general secretary for the state, he was the driving force behind his party\u2019s massive success. He was known as a strong organizer since his student days. Although he is known to the public as the leader of the 1974 Gujarat Navnirman movement called by Lok Nayak Jayaprakash, his work is mostly for the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh. Narendra Modi, the divisional leader of the Sangh in the division, is an engineering graduate who is well-known in the party as a strong planner and organizer. He\u2019s a member of the party\u2019s national committee and has dedicated himself to the society.", "source_url": "https://translate.google.com/?sl=en&tl=kn&text=Narendra%20Modi.%20The%20youth%20in%20the%20picture%20is%20Narendra%20Modi%20from%20Gujarat%20BJP.%20As%20his%20party%E2%80%99s%20general%20secretary%20for%20the%20state%2C%20he%20was%20the%20driving%20force%20behind%20his%20party%E2%80%99s%20massive%20success.%20He%20was%20known%20as%20a%20strong%20organizer%20since%20his%20student%20days.%20Although%20he%20is%20known%20to%20the%20public%20as%20the%20leader%20of%20the%201974%20Gujarat%20Navnirman%2", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the English translation of the text in the image?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67ae52a667f879bc89a29f4b#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "boolean_explanation": "Engineering is not mentioned."}], "question": "Does the text in the image mention anything about engineering?", "answer_method": "Image Analysis", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67ae52a667f879bc89a29f4b#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The translated text states that Narendra Modi was known as a strong organizer since his student days and was involved with the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh. It does not mention that he studied engineering.  ", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240413184541/https://twitter.com/kapsology/status/1642194363475464194", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": " What is the English translation of the text in the image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67ae52a667f879bc89a29f4b#INPUT#3#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "No, the text does not mention anything about engineering."}], "question": "Does the text in the image mention anything about Narendra Modi studying engineering?", "answer_method": "Image Analysis", "question_type": ["Text-related", "Image-related"]}], "justification": "The answers show that the persons image in the  article is Modi but the article does not mention anything about him studying engineering so the claim is refuted.", "claim_text": "Modi said in an interview in 1992 to a Kannada Magazine that he studied Engineering.", "claim_images": ["67ae52a667f879bc89a29f4b#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Prakash Raj", "transcription": "Wowww \ud83d\udc4f\ud83d\udc4f\ud83d\udc4fCongratulations for the Mechanical Engineer degree too.. #justasking", "media_source": "https://twitter.com/prakashraaj/status/1642882384944087040", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230404090823/https://twitter.com/prakashraaj/status/1642882384944087040", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Media Source Discovery"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted", "Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230107105153/https://www.boomlive.in/fact-check/viral-picture-rickshaw-puller-daughter-asi-actor-simran-kaur-mundi-old-photo-social-media-20669", "date": "2023-01-02", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67ae566567f879bc89a2a085#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Simran Kaur Mundi", "source_url": "https://www.instagram.com/p/BAjGXnjCy8Q/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is the woman in this photo?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Simran Kaur Mundi is an Indian actress, model, and beauty pageant titleholder. She works in Hindi films. She won the title of Femina Miss India Universe 2008 and represented India at Miss Universe 2008.", "source_url": "https://cinetown.org/people/profile/simrankaurmundi", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is Simran Kaur Mundi's occupation?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67ae566567f879bc89a2a085#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "He is not my father and i am not ASI", "source_url": "https://archive.ph/DMdWK", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What has Simran Kaur Mundi said about the photo?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that the woman is actress Simran Mundi, not an assistant sub-inspector of police.", "claim_text": "Photo shows father who made his daughter Assistant sub-inspector of police with the money earned by driving rickshaw", "claim_images": ["67ae566567f879bc89a2a085#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "A To Z News", "transcription": "\"Father made his daughter ASI with the money earned by driving rickshaw, salute to this father's thinking...\"  https://www.boomlive.in/fact-check/viral-picture-rickshaw-puller-daughter-asi-actor-simran-kaur-mundi-old-photo-social-media-20669", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230107105153im_/https://www.boomlive.in/h-upload/2023/01/07/995940-claim-asi-1.webp", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/PunjabiTelevison/posts/pfbid0NEkWt9cWe6drm12b1ZNecZbjkBUoTyy2fL2V7ATQH7xBj1sgBLYhgyiAx7qF1jCjl", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Causal Claim", "Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230528135938/https://www.vishvasnews.com/english/politics/fact-check-viral-post-about-devoleena-bhattarjee-is-false-actor-did-not-have-a-role-in-the-kerala-story/", "date": "2023-05-17", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "May 5, 2023", "source_url": "https://www.imdb.com/title/tt24268454/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was The Kerala Story released?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67ae5b1267f879bc89a2a7e0#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Vishal Singh", "source_url": "https://www.instagram.com/p/CmI9lNeMx48", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is the man in this photo?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Shahnawaz Shaikh", "source_url": "https://mirchi.in/stories/tv/devoleena-bhattacharjee-wins-post-wedding-ring-game-with-husband-shahnawaz-shaikh-watch-video/96245803", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the name of Devoleena Bhattacharjee's husband?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "December 14, 2022", "source_url": "https://www.indiatoday.in/television/celebrity/story/confirmed-devoleena-bhattacharjee-gets-married-but-fans-want-to-know-about-the-husband-2309046-2022-12-14", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When did Devoleena Bhattacharjee and Shahnawaz Shaikh get married?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.imdb.com/title/tt24268454/", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Her name does not appear on the list of actors."}], "question": "Was Devoleena Bhattacharjee an actress in The Kerala Story?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that Devoleen Bhattacharjee is not on the list of actors in The Kerala Story.", "claim_text": "Devoleena Bhattacharjee is a part of 'The Kerala Story'.", "claim_images": ["67ae5b1267f879bc89a2a7e0#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Mohammad Jawed Akhter", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://perma.cc/Z95J-FHSE?type=image", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Keyword Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted"], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240619114335/https://www.telugupost.com/english-factcheck/photo-of-modi-and-sonia-sitting-together-makes-a-false-claim-of-secret-meeting-between-bjp-and-congress-1459634", "date": "2023-01-16", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67ae810167f879bc89a34e47#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "Secret meeting of BJP Congress by Nafish Ahmad  was posted on January 16, 2023.", "source_url": "https://x.com/Eliteco_123/status/1614835684023599104?t=zuYIbhLE6JZdherfWjRiTw&s=19", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When did the tweet about the secret meeting  of BPJ congress first was posted?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related", "Metadata-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67ae810167f879bc89a34e47#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "In an article by by Hindustan Times dated August 12, 2021, titled \u2018PM Modi, Sonia Gandhi at Speaker\u2019s meet with parties post Lok Sabha adjournment.\u2019\n\n", "source_url": "https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/pm-modi-sonia-gandhi-at-speaker-s-meet-with-parties-post-lok-sabha-adjournment-101628705250671.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image used in the claim first published?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related", "Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "PM Modi, HM, Sonia Gandhi & Other Leaders Meet Speaker As Lok Sabha Adjourned Sine Die", "source_url": "https://www.republicworld.com/india-news/politics/pm-modi-hm-sonia-gandhi-and-other-leaders-meet-speaker-as-lok-sabha-adjourned-sine-die.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What was the meeting shown in the image about?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "This meeting was reported by multiple reputed news outlets such as The Tribune and NDTV, which stated that leaders from different parties were present at the meeting.", "source_url": "https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/pm-modi-sonia-gandhi-share-smiles-at-speakers-meet-296258", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Was the meeting, shown in the image, secret?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that the meeting, which was widely covered in the media, occurred in 2021, not 2023.", "claim_text": "A photograph of PM Modi, Home Minister Amit Shah, Lok Sabha Speaker Om Birla, Congress leaders Sonia Gandhi and Adhir Ranjan Chowdhury sitting together is proof of a secret meeting between the BJP and Congress.", "claim_images": ["67ae810167f879bc89a34e47#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Nafish Ahmad", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240619114335/https://twitter.com/INDnafeesahmad/status/1614835684023599104?ref_src=twsrc^tfw", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Keyword Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted"], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230929032759/https://en.youturn.in/factcheck/have-ramayana-artists-gagan-malik-and-dipika-chikhlia-embraced-buddhism.html", "date": "2023-05-23", "label": "Supported", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100009401477048&mibextid=LQQJ4d", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Most of the posts on his Facebook show his interest in Buddhism. "}], "question": "Is Gagan Malik who acted as Ramar in Ramayana interested in Buddhism?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Gagan Malik made waves when he donned Buddhist robes to undertake a two-week-long monkhood at the famed Wat That Thong temple in Bangkok.\n\nThe two-week monkhood is behind him, but Malik (now called Asoko) does not seem ready to give it up yet. He plans to go as a Buddhist monk, complete with orange robes and shaven head, to various cities in India, at the end of this month, and share what he has learnt with Buddhist monks there, and then return to Bangkok, for a further extension of his monkhood penances.", "source_url": "https://www.deccanchronicle.com/amp/opinion/columnists/300322/lekha-shankar-indian-actor-turns-buddhist-monk-in-bangkok.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the evidence other than his social media posts that Gagan Malik embraced buddhism?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is supported by demonstrating Malik's interest in Buddhism on his Facebook page.", "claim_text": "Gagan Malik who acted as Ramar in Ramayana has embraced Buddhism\n\n", "claim_images": ["67ae875867f879bc89a34ec8#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67ae875867f879bc89a34ec8#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Gowthama Sanna", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=pfbid0vC1ptLzF9TsBTPUhrLJa29U1Fo9gNeGF4Y8ENFpTZGV5uywiqtuYgYw6N46DbvTWl&id=100063494629287&mibextid=cr9u03", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Keyword Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": [], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240222012637/https://www.newsweek.com/fact-check-was-qanon-shaman-spotted-brazil-congress-invasion-1772352", "date": "2021-09-07", "label": "Refuted", "location": "BR", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "Supporters of Brazil's former President Jair Bolsonaro stormed the country's Congress building on Sunday, January 8, 2023.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240222012637/https://www.newsweek.com/bolsonaro-supporters-storm-brazils-congress-echo-jan-6-invasion-1772143", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was Brazil's Congress invaded?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67afc8ff719ccca960b2b13b#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Jacob Chansley, a protestor from the January 6 riot, who entered the U. S. Capitol building with an American flag and wearing red, white and blue face paint and a horned headress.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240222012637/https://www.newsweek.com/new-footage-qanon-shaman-surfaces-out-jan-6-hearing-1717825", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is the QAnon Shaman?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Text-related", "Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67afc8ff719ccca960b2b13b#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Nov 17, 2021 Jacob Chansley, also known as the QAnon Shaman, was sentenced to 41 months in prison for his involvement.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240222012637/https://www.newsweek.com/qanon-shaman-jacob-chansley-who-asked-trump-pardon-gets-41-months-capitol-riot-1650254", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Was the QAnon Shaman, Jacob Chansley punished for his participation in the Jan. 6th riot?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67afc8ff719ccca960b2b13b#INPUT#3#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "These pictures are from a rally by Bolsonaro's supporters in September 2021, not today.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240222012637/https://twitter.com/Shayan86/status/1612196959208472579", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the 1-th image taken?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving CLAIM_IMG_1 is from a Bolsanaro supporters' rally in 2021.", "claim_text": "QAnon shaman spotted at Brazil congress invasion", "claim_images": ["67afc8ff719ccca960b2b13b#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67afc8ff719ccca960b2b13b#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Ian Bremmer", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://twitter.com/ianbremmer/status/1435310208138481665", "original_claim_url": "https://twitter.com/ianbremmer/status/1435310208138481665", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Media Source Discovery", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230616170218/https://www.newsweek.com/trump-rally-nazi-swastika-flag-waco-texas-1790973", "date": "2023-03-26", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "On March 25, 2023 in Waco, Texas.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230616170230/https://www.newsweek.com/donald-trump-rally-waco-texas-crowd-photo-1790523", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the Trump rally in Waco, Texas?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b01334719ccca960b2b4c3#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "A photograph depicting protesters against former U.S. president Donald Trump holding a blue Trump flag with a swastika, a Confederate flag and a Soviet Union emblem, dates to a demonstration in Pennsylvania in September 2022.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230616170218/https://www.reuters.com/article/factcheck-trump-flag/fact-check-photo-showing-anti-trump-protesters-holding-trump-flag-with-swastika-is-from-2022-idUSL1N3601EQ", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the photo first published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving the image is from a 2022 anti-Trump rally in Pennsylvania.", "claim_text": "An image shows the Swastika being flown at Trump's presidential campaign rally in Waco, Texas.", "claim_images": ["67b01334719ccca960b2b4c3#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Rubicon1313", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery", "Image Analysis", "Video Analysis", "Fact-checker Reference"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240713142258/https://www.boomlive.in/fact-check/nashville-shooter-audrey-hale-oklahoma-trans-protest-fact-check-21547", "date": "2023-03-27", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67b0195b719ccca960b2b855#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "A Twitter user, @ChesterTweet.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240713142258/https://twitter.com/ChesterTweet/status/1640509916782665730?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who took the photograph shown in the 0-th image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b0195b719ccca960b2b855#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "This protest took place while the shooting in Nashville was happening.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230411190946/https://twitter.com/ChesterTweet/status/1640509916782665730?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the photo taken, according to the photographer?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b0195b719ccca960b2b855#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Oklahoma", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240713142258/https://t.co/ftTc8T1jFF", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What was the location where the protest in the image occured?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b0195b719ccca960b2b855#INPUT#3#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://x.com/billdmccarthy/status/1640741831251054595/photo/3", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The photo of an activist with a sign that says \"trans rights...or else\" beside art of firearms does not depict Nashville shooter Audrey Hale. The picture is from a protest in Oklahoma the same day, the photographer told me. The IG page that linked it to Hale has walked that back."}], "question": "Did anyone else confirm that the person in the image is actually a protester in Oklahoma , and not Audrey Hale?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "Q4 confirms that the person in the image is not Audrey Hale, a 28-year-old Nashville school shooter. Moreover, the image was taken in Oklahoma. ", "claim_text": "A photo of a person holding a trans rights placard at a protest is Audrey Hale, the 28-year-old Nashville school shooter.", "claim_images": ["67b0195b719ccca960b2b855#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "chicago_patriots", "transcription": "TRANS RIGHTS ...OR ELSE", "media_source": "https://scontent-det1-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/337420872_162477653369223_7635590058090312752_n.jpg?_nc_cat=100&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=127cfc&_nc_ohc=t8YRnD7KlVIQ7kNvgELD_IC&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-det1-1.xx&_nc_gid=AvmfrQi0rXHZUoTuAts6X7F&oh=00_AYDgbDDnW--FiemPpiP0HTL-wB2rlbtN46dc25YMqOffpg&oe=679B1F3A", "original_claim_url": "", "reporting_source": "Instagram", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Media Source Discovery", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230409075908/https://www.newsweek.com/ukraine-russia-elon-muks-troop-deaths-war-1779496", "date": "2023-02-05", "label": "Refuted", "location": "UA", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "She mentioned that \"100,000\" Ukrainian military had been killed since the beginning of the full-scale invasion. ", "source_url": "https://kyivindependent.com/eu-clarifies-ukrainian-casualty-estimates-in-von-der-leyens-speech-100-000-figure-referred-to-dead-and-wounded/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Did President of the European Commission Ursula Von Der Leyen state that, \"more than 100,000 Ukrainian military have been killed so far\"?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The video was soon deleted and reposted with that sentence cut out. Dana Spinant, deputy chief spokeswoman and Director for Political Communication for the European Commission, soon clarified on Twitter that the 100,000 figure was meant as a rough estimate of total Ukrainian military casualties, including both dead and wounded.", "source_url": "https://kyivindependent.com/eu-clarifies-ukrainian-casualty-estimates-in-von-der-leyens-speech-100-000-figure-referred-to-dead-and-wounded/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Why was the statement that \"more than 100,000 Ukrainian military have been killed so far\" deleted from the video of Ursula Von Der Leyen?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "In December Mykhailo Podolyak, a senior adviser to President Volodymyr Zelensky, said official estimates of the number of Ukrainian troops killed \u201crange from 10,000 \u2026 to 13,000\u201d but did not give a figure for the number of wounded.\n\n ", "source_url": "https://www.kyivpost.com/post/11779", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the official estimate of the number of Ukrainian troops killed as of February 2023?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "Q2 confirms that the EU clarified that the 100,000 figure referred to dead and wounded Ukrainian military, unlike the claim. Q3 states that the official estimates of the number of Ukrainian troops killed \u201crange from 10,000 \u2026 to 13,000.\u201d ", "claim_text": "President of the European Commission Ursula Von Der Leyen stated that \"more than 100,000 Ukrainian military have been killed so far.\"", "claim_images": ["67b01e1a719ccca960b2b918#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "runews", "transcription": "and more than 100,000 Ukrainian military officers have been killed so far.", "media_source": "https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FoMbBFJXgAEg8Yy?format=jpg&name=small", "original_claim_url": "https://twitter.com/runews/status/1622170096675299329", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Quote Verification", "Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": [], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240524203057/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.33E28BA", "date": "2023-04-20", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67b02286719ccca960b2b9dd#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "1.1. Product identifier\nProduct name APEEL\nProduct number A157 EV\nInternal identification Professional Hygiene\nUFI UFI: MMYE-D13P-1G0T-5W4R", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240524203057/https://www.evansvanodine.co.uk/assets/eng_apeel.pdf?fbclid=IwAR1gImf8Wm5JAjGX2oylOHAAifove76qOUWn_n25s6VNB6IrrERUuY6vPf0", "source_medium": "PDF"}], "question": "What is the product information for the safety data sheet in the 0-th image for?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b02286719ccca960b2b9dd#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "Apeel orange-scented all-purpose cleaners and sprays from British manufacturer Evans Vanodine.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240527062212/https://www.evansvanodine.co.uk/shop/product/A157EEV2", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What substance is manufactured under Product number A157 EV by Apeel and has the safety data sheet in the image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b02286719ccca960b2b9dd#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "EVANS APEEL HAS NO RELATION TO APEEL SCIENCES AND SHOULD NOT BE USED TO PRESERVE FRUITS AND VEGETABLES.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240527062212/https://www.evansvanodine.co.uk/shop/product/A157EEV2", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Is the neutral hard surface cleaner by Apeel used by U.S. company Apeel Sciences to coat fruits or food products?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that the substance used to coat fruits and vegetables is a different product manufactured by a different company than the product shown in CLAIM_IMG_0.", "claim_text": "A food coating manufactured by the US company Apeel Sciences is harmful.", "claim_images": ["67b02286719ccca960b2b9dd#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67b02286719ccca960b2b9dd#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Sophia Dahl", "transcription": "Don't eat fake plastified produce. It's another  Gates pet project...", "media_source": "https://twitter.com/sophiadahl1/status/1649053103763898369", "original_claim_url": "https://twitter.com/sophiadahl1/status/1649053103763898369", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted", "Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240117050405/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.33C76L2", "date": "2023-03-14", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "March 10, 2023", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/244E-3QFE", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When did Silicon Valley Bank collapse?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b027fb719ccca960b2baae#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "On Wall Street April 29, 2010.", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/49JM-A42A", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the 3-th image of people wearing handcuffs and black-and-white prison uniforms, with the names of banks written on placards hung from their necks first published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b027fb719ccca960b2baae#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "London, UK. 15th Sept 2018. Protesters demonstrate outside The Royal Exchange and The Bank of England on the 10th Anniversary of Lehman Brothers collapse.", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/593X-QPXP?type=image", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the caption of the 2-th image of a woman holding up two placards, which both say: \"Arrest Top Main Board Bankers\" when it was first published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b027fb719ccca960b2baae#INPUT#3#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "September 25, 2008", "source_url": "https://archive.ph/dSTjn", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the 1-th image first published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b027fb719ccca960b2baae#INPUT#4#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "September 25, 2008", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/X6AS-NAHB", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the 0-th image first published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that the images are from various protests dating from 2008-2018, and not from the collapse of Silicon Valley Bank in March 2023.\n", "claim_text": "Images show protests by customers who had been unable to withdraw their money after the collapse of Silicon Valley Bank in March 2023.", "claim_images": ["67b027fb719ccca960b2baae#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67b027fb719ccca960b2baae#CLAIM#1.jpg", "67b027fb719ccca960b2baae#CLAIM#2.jpg", "67b027fb719ccca960b2baae#CLAIM#3.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Saw Tin Mg", "transcription": "BANK OF AMERICA CITIGROUP MORGAN CHASE ARREST Top Main Board Banker", "media_source": "https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=pfbid0kN1oXWmiLdqts2hNCbj5GYPdhVFRmSghmUvsd6hYoL9tKCGFcDmR5AqWoqQcAzJ5l&id=100084196412522", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.ph/aLhyY", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search", "Keyword Search", "Image Analysis", "Fact-checker Reference"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240417193635/https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2023/02/fact-check-rihanna-did-not-wear-a-pentagram-symbol-on-her-belt-at-the-superbowl.html", "date": "2023-02-12", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67b0fc37719ccca960b44202#INPUT#0#0.jpg", "67b0fc37719ccca960b44202#INPUT#0#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Image", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240417193635/https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/rihanna-performs-onstage-during-the-apple-music-super-bowl-news-photo/1465420359", "source_medium": "Image/graphic", "image_answers": ["67b0fc37719ccca960b44202#ANSWER#0#0#0.jpg"]}], "question": "What is a cleaner image of Rihanna's belt buckle?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b0fc37719ccca960b44202#INPUT#1#0.jpg", "67b0fc37719ccca960b44202#INPUT#1#1.jpg", "67b0fc37719ccca960b44202#INPUT#1#2.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "the photo shows the purported symbol as a belt buckle clasp with no specific shape or symbolism.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240417193635/https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/rihanna-performs-onstage-during-the-apple-music-super-bowl-news-photo/1465420359", "source_medium": "Image/graphic"}], "question": "How many points does the belt buckle's shape have?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "A five-pointed star.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240417193635/https://www.britannica.com/topic/pentagram", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What shape is a pentagram?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Commonsense-related"]}], "justification": "A pentagram has five distinct points, whereas the belt buckle in the image has no defined shape or symbolic meaning. This is especially evident in the Q1 image, where the clasp is clearly visible and does not resemble a pentagram in any way. ", "claim_text": "Grammy award-winning singer Rihanna wore a pentagram-shaped symbol on her belt during the 2023 Super Bowl halftime show", "claim_images": ["67b0fc37719ccca960b44202#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67b0fc37719ccca960b44202#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Stew Peters", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://twitter.com/realstewpeters/status/1624976920357076992?s=20&t=BeQMWnbF7qXk9RLvg_3HOQ", "original_claim_url": "https://twitter.com/realstewpeters/status/1624976920357076992?s=20&t=BeQMWnbF7qXk9RLvg_3HOQ", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240412102900/https://www.altnews.in/misreporting-by-major-news-outlets-pakistan-flag-was-not-hoisted-in-bihars-purnea/", "date": "2023-01-26", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67b12133719ccca960b476a8#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "There is a blue patch and then there is a part that is black and white in color."}], "question": "What can be seen on the flag toward the pole side in the 0-th image?", "answer_method": "Image Analysis", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "A green field with a white vertical stripe, a white crescent and a five-pointed star.", "source_url": "https://flagmakers.co.uk/flag-history/pakistan/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the Pakistani national flag look like?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Image", "source_url": "https://flagmakers.co.uk/flag-history/pakistan/", "source_medium": "Image/graphic", "image_answers": ["67b12133719ccca960b476a8#ANSWER#2#0#0.jpg"]}], "question": "What is an image of the Pakistani national flag?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b12133719ccca960b476a8#INPUT#3#0.jpg", "67b12133719ccca960b476a8#INPUT#3#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "boolean_explanation": "The flag in the 0-th image has a blue color near the pole, as well as a black and white pattern, white the flag in the 3-th image only has white and green colors."}], "question": "Are the flags in the 0-th image and the 3-th image the same?", "answer_method": "Image Analysis", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b12133719ccca960b476a8#INPUT#4#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230127083958/https://twitter.com/PurneaSp/status/1618655233315586048?t=M4nrQI3itpRMXznM3gUGgw&s=19", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "It is an Islamic flag."}], "question": "Is the flag in the 2-th image a Pakistani national flag?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successsfully refuted by proving that the flag in CLAIM_IMG_0 is an Islamic flag, not a Pakistani flag. This is done by comparison.", "claim_text": "A Pakistani flag was hoisted in the Madhubani Sipahi Tola area in Purnea", "claim_images": ["67b12133719ccca960b476a8#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67b12133719ccca960b476a8#CLAIM#1.jpg", "67b12133719ccca960b476a8#CLAIM#2.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "ANI", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://twitter.com/ANI/status/1618612129401303041", "original_claim_url": "https://twitter.com/ANI/status/1618612129401303041", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Image Analysis", "Video Analysis", "Fact-checker Reference"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241227014313/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2023/03/06/fact-check-false-claim-abandoned-baby-found-alabama-dumpster/11398092002/", "date": "2023-03-02", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67b124cb719ccca960b47793#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "20 October 2021 ", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241227014313/https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-10111069/Newborn-baby-boy-alive-delivery-box-abandoned-Bangkok-red-light-district.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the 1-th image first published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b124cb719ccca960b47793#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "In the red-light district of Bangkok, Thailand.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241227014313/https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-10111069/Newborn-baby-boy-alive-delivery-box-abandoned-Bangkok-red-light-district.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where was the baby in the 1-th picture found?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b124cb719ccca960b47793#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "Ardmore, Oklahoma", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241227014313/https://www.uppermichiganssource.com/2023/02/06/mom-charged-after-throwing-1-month-old-baby-dumpster-court-documents-say/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where was the dumpster in the 0-th image located?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that neither of the photos were taken in Alabama. One is from Thailand, and the other is from Oklahoma.", "claim_text": "Photo shows newborn abandoned in dumpster in Alabama", "claim_images": ["67b124cb719ccca960b47793#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67b124cb719ccca960b47793#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Amelia Schumacher", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://archive.org/download/3-2-2023-facebook-post-by-amelia-schumacher/3%202%202023%20Facebook%20post%20by%20Amelia%20Schumacher.JPG", "original_claim_url": "", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Consultation", "Media Source Discovery", "Fact-checker Reference"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241227015345/https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2023/03/fact-check-pages-not-helping-to-rescue-missing-migrants-they-are-used-to-fleece-migrants-families.html", "date": "2023-02-19", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67b12b6c719ccca960b4788e#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "May 17, 2018", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241227015345/https://www.laprensa.hn/mundo/texas-detienen-66-indocumentados-hondurenos-redadas-eeuu-BDLP1178876?page=2", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the 0-th image first published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "2023", "source_url": "Metadata", "source_medium": "Metadata"}], "question": "What year were the 19 migrants supposedly rounded up in Laredo?", "answer_method": "Metadata", "question_type": ["Metadata-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The clandestine nature of migrant disappearances, along with the gaps in information and the lack of effective search\nmechanisms, allows for the prevalence of scams, fraud and extortion along all migration pathways.", "source_url": "https://publications.iom.int/system/files/pdf/Families-Missing-Migrants-4-Countries.pdf", "source_medium": "PDF"}], "question": "Why would someone pretend to be helping to rescue missing migrants?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Commonsense-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is refuted by proving that the image is from 2018, not 2023.", "claim_text": "19 migrants of different nationalities had been rounded up in Laredo by Texas authorities and Border Patrol with no official county residence papers.", "claim_images": ["67b12b6c719ccca960b4788e#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67b12b6c719ccca960b4788e#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Migrante rescatado en frontera N.A", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=pfbid026sWvEejmPpPZ5myq31JRzxpPQug4XPvhXeEDNzfwy8pS44wG1vTEQLvv5b3eWWnnl&id=100083562486685", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=pfbid026sWvEejmPpPZ5myq31JRzxpPQug4XPvhXeEDNzfwy8pS44wG1vTEQLvv5b3eWWnnl&id=100083562486685", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Media Source Discovery"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241227015345/https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2023/03/fact-check-pages-not-helping-to-rescue-missing-migrants-they-are-used-to-fleece-migrants-families.html", "date": "2023-02-22", "label": "Refuted", "location": "", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67b130f1719ccca960b4894d#INPUT#0#0.jpg", "67b130f1719ccca960b4894d#INPUT#0#1.jpg", "67b130f1719ccca960b4894d#INPUT#0#2.jpg", "67b130f1719ccca960b4894d#INPUT#0#3.jpg", "67b130f1719ccca960b4894d#INPUT#0#4.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "February 2023", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=pfbid08tbE58iL37EJjmaeFeovyNhkKts63ucYsWuSj3Pfhz6qy2rcEBGcoJAQUBy5qfKyl&id=100083359081482", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When did the poster claim that the migrants in the 0-th thru 4-th images were rescued?", "answer_method": "Metadata", "question_type": ["Image-related", "Metadata-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b130f1719ccca960b4894d#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "July 9, 2021", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241227015405/https://www.beaumontenterprise.com/news/article/Air-and-Marine-Operations-and-partners-apprehend-16305033.php", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the 4-th image first published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b130f1719ccca960b4894d#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Authorities discovered 33 individuals inside a home in Laredo.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241227015405/https://www.beaumontenterprise.com/news/article/Air-and-Marine-Operations-and-partners-apprehend-16305033.php", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where were the migrants in the 4-th picture found?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b130f1719ccca960b4894d#INPUT#3#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "In San Elizario and New Mexico.", "source_url": "https://www.elpasotimes.com/story/news/crime/2021/07/16/134-migrants-found-stash-houses-vado-chaparral-san-elizario/7998640002/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where were the migrants in the 3-th image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b130f1719ccca960b4894d#INPUT#4#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "In Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua.", "source_url": "https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/estados/detienen-en-ciudad-juarez-6-polleros-y-rescatan-30-migrantes/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the location of the 1-th image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b130f1719ccca960b4894d#INPUT#5#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "In Veracruz, Mexico.", "source_url": "https://www.telemundo.com/noticias/edicion-noticias-telemundo/inmigracion/video/rescatan-mas-de-200-migrantes-centroamericanos-en-un-trailer-en-mexico-tmvo9725874", "source_medium": "Video"}], "question": "Where were the migrants found in the 0-th photo?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b130f1719ccca960b4894d#INPUT#6#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Unanswerable", "answer_text": "No answer could be found."}], "question": "Where are the migrants in the 2-th photo?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that none of the images are from Acuna and, in one case, the image was dated 2021, not 2023.", "claim_text": "Image shows migrants who had been rescued in Acu\u00f1a in the northern Mexican state of Coahuila.", "claim_images": ["67b130f1719ccca960b4894d#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67b130f1719ccca960b4894d#CLAIM#1.jpg", "67b130f1719ccca960b4894d#CLAIM#2.jpg", "67b130f1719ccca960b4894d#CLAIM#3.jpg", "67b130f1719ccca960b4894d#CLAIM#4.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Muchachos en busca del sue\u00f1o americano", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=pfbid08tbE58iL37EJjmaeFeovyNhkKts63ucYsWuSj3Pfhz6qy2rcEBGcoJAQUBy5qfKyl&id=100083359081482", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241209075109/https://www.newsweek.com/fact-check-putin-allys-son-dodging-draft-modelling-london-1781618", "date": "2023-02-12", "label": "Not Enough Evidence", "location": "RU", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67b17562719ccca960b4faf3#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "April 22, 2020", "source_url": "https://coppershop.ru/en/manicure/vedushchii-programmy-poedinok-vladimir-solovev-biografiya-lichnaya.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the 0-th image first published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b17562719ccca960b4faf3#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Daniil is studying at the elite metropolitan school of Lomonosov. ", "source_url": "https://coppershop.ru/en/manicure/vedushchii-programmy-poedinok-vladimir-solovev-biografiya-lichnaya.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where was Daniil Solovyov going to school in April of 2020 when the 0-th image was taken?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b17562719ccca960b4faf3#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Vladimir Solovyov and his son Daniil.", "source_url": "https://www.blick.ch/ausland/daniil-solowjow-21-sohn-von-putin-propagandist-soll-in-london-als-model-arbeiten-id18311273.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who are the two people featured prominently in the 2-th image? ", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b17562719ccca960b4faf3#INPUT#3#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The eldest son of Volodymyr Solovyov, Alexander Solovyov, who  studied as a director in London from the age of 18. ", "source_url": "https://news.uaportal.com/section-news/news-nakrashennyie-nogti-i-razvratnyie-foto-smi-pokazali-syinovej-glavnogo-rospropagandista-soloveva-pochemu-to-ne-voyuyuschih-za-rossiyu-12-02-2023.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is the person that is the focus of the 1-th image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "50 people to watch in 2023: model Tommy Solovyov", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241209075109/https://www.irishtimes.com/life-style/people/2023/01/07/50-people-to-watch-in-2023-irelands-brightest-young-talent/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Were any models with the surname Solovyov featured in articles in 2023?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b17562719ccca960b4faf3#INPUT#5#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "Social Media reports that it is Daniil Solovyov, but Newsweek Fact Check found that it is actually an image of an 18-year-old model called Tommy Solovyov.", "source_url": "https://24tv.ua/sin-propagandista-solovyova-mozhe-pratsyuvati-modellyu-londoni_n2254429", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Is the model in the 3-th image Daniil Solovyov?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Unanswerable", "answer_text": "No answer could be found."}], "question": "Is Blick a reputable source?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "Q1 image is from 2020 and Daniil Solovyov; however, the 3rd image is of someone called Tommy Solovyov, and the 1st image is of Alexander Solovyov. It would be helpful to have a Q&A on when the Ukraine war started and recent information on Daniil Solovyov and Alexander Solovyov. ", "claim_text": "Daniil Solovyov, 21 year-old son of Vladimir Solovyov, is working as a model in London instead of volunteering to go to fight in Ukraine.", "claim_images": ["67b17562719ccca960b4faf3#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67b17562719ccca960b4faf3#CLAIM#1.jpg", "67b17562719ccca960b4faf3#CLAIM#2.jpg", "67b17562719ccca960b4faf3#CLAIM#3.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Jason Jay Smart", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://twitter.com/officejjsmart/status/1624764341210816521", "original_claim_url": "https://twitter.com/officejjsmart/status/1624764341210816521", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Media Source Discovery", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": [], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241123113712/https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2023/03/fact-check-no-evidence-new-zealands-biggest-increase-in-registered-deaths-in-100-years-related-to-covid-vaccine.html", "date": "2023-03-05", "label": "Refuted", "location": "NZ", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67b17b27719ccca960b4ff89#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "New Zealand Herald", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241123113712/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/new-zealand-records-biggest-increase-in-registered-deaths-in-100-years/BQERSTKIANCKRNNA7IL42RD52U/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What online journal published the article in the 2-th image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b17b27719ccca960b4ff89#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "StatsNZ attributes this to both an aging population and the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241123113712/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/new-zealand-records-biggest-increase-in-registered-deaths-in-100-years/BQERSTKIANCKRNNA7IL42RD52U/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What did the New Zealand Herald article in the 2-th image say the reason was for the increase in deaths?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "New Zealand\u2019s elimination strategy response to COVID-19 produced the best mortality protection outcomes in the OECD. ", "source_url": "https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.25.21259556v1.full", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "How did the Covid-19 mortality rate in New Zealand compare to other countries?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "(1) OECD Countries\n1 Australia 1996CY-1st half\uff5e\n2 Austria\n3 Belgium\n4 Canada\n5 Denmark\n6 Finland\n7 France\n8 Germany\n9 Greece\n10 Iceland\n11 Ireland\n12 Italy\n13 Luxembourg\n14 Mexico\n15 Netherlands\n16 New Zealand\n17 Norway\n18 Portugal\n19 Spain\n20 Sweden\n21 Switzerland\n22 Turkey\n23 United Kingdom\n24 U.S.A.\n25 Czech 1996CY-2nd half\uff5e\n26 Hungary \u3003\n27 Republic of Korea 1997CY-1st half\uff5e\n28 Poland \u3003\n29 Slovakia 2001CY-1st half\uff5e\n30 Chile 2010CY-2nd quarter (May)\uff5e\n31 Slovenia 2010CY-3rd quarter (July)\uff5e\n32 Israel 2010CY-3rd quarter (September)\uff5e\n33 Estonia 2010CY-4th quarter (December)\uff5e\n34 Latvia 2016CY-3rd quarter (July)\uff5e\n35 Lithuania 2018CY-3rd quarter (July)\uff5e\n36 Colombia 2020CY-2nd quarter (May)\uff5e\n37 Costa Rica", "source_url": "https://www.boj.or.jp/en/statistics/br/bop_06/notebs4.pdf", "source_medium": "PDF"}], "question": "What countries are in the OECD?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Commonsense-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that the article is misquoted. The article attributes the increase to an ageing population and Covid-19 itself.", "claim_text": "The biggest increase in registered deaths in 100 years in New Zealand is due to the nation's high vaccination rate.", "claim_images": ["67b17b27719ccca960b4ff89#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67b17b27719ccca960b4ff89#CLAIM#1.jpg", "67b17b27719ccca960b4ff89#CLAIM#2.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "armechanix", "transcription": "nzherald.co.nz New Zealand records biggest increase in registered deaths in 100 years Home > Coronavirus > Vaccinations 69.7% of the world population has received at least one dose of a COVID- 19 vaccine. 13.32 billion doses have been administered globally, and 816,957 are now administered each day. 27.9% of people in low-income countries have received at least one dose. against COVID-19, Feb 28, 2023 +Add country Share of people with a complete initial protocol Share of people only partly vacci", "media_source": "https://www.instagram.com/p/CpbVcWQtTIM/", "original_claim_url": "https://www.instagram.com/p/CpbVcWQtTIM/", "reporting_source": "Instagram", "claim_types": ["Causal Claim", "Numerical Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Numerical Comparison", "Consultation"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": [], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240806044359/https://fullfact.org/online/missing-autistic-boy-brayden/", "date": "2023-01-16", "label": "Refuted", "location": "GB", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67b26cd6719ccca960b5435d#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "A dark-haired boy is snuggling with a golden retriever on a couch."}], "question": "What does the picture show?", "answer_method": "Image Analysis", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b26cd6719ccca960b5435d#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Image", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240806044359/https://eu.usatoday.com/story/news/humankind/2016/10/21/amazing-moment-when-boy-meets-his-service-dog/92471058/", "source_medium": "Image/graphic", "image_answers": ["67b26cd6719ccca960b5435d#ANSWER#1#0#0.jpg"]}], "question": "What is another image of the boy and dog in the photo?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b26cd6719ccca960b5435d#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "Kai Niehaus and his Autism Assistance Dog, a Golden Lab named Tornado. ", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240806044359/https://eu.usatoday.com/story/news/humankind/2016/10/21/amazing-moment-when-boy-meets-his-service-dog/92471058/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is the boy and dog in the 1-th image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b26cd6719ccca960b5435d#INPUT#3#0.jpg", "67b26cd6719ccca960b5435d#INPUT#3#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "boolean_explanation": "The boy and dog in both photos are identical."}], "question": "Do the 0-th and 1-th images contain the same boy and dog?", "answer_method": "Image Analysis", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "On October 17, 2016, Shanna and Kai travelled from Tokyo - where their family had been temporarily living - to Ohio, to meet Tornado for the first time. They now live in Florida.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240806044359/https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/real-life-stories/autistic-boy-leaves-mum-tears-26765012", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where does Kai Niehaus live?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/groups/295044577299763/posts/2715389211931942/", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Comments on the post have been disabled."}], "question": "Were comments on the facebook post about the autistic boy misssing disabled?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "It has been brought to our attention that similar is happening now with missing vulnerable people scam posts being shared.\nAgain, if the posts have comments disabled, please DO NOT share. Anyone wanting to reunite an vulnerable person would not disable comments. ", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/DerbysOnlineSafety/posts/pfbid02tiwPLT1gdjn619wmSCgW1EgAVdYXWCLdsMH4cfYcBm3qZSptEzmDWbyYdX1gsuZYl", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What did Derbyshire Police say about  sharing Facebook posts about missing people with the comments disabled?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "Evidence confirms that the boy is named Kai Niehaus. He is not missing in Derbyshire, as he resides in Florida. Q7 also confirms that Derbyshire Police have seen an increase in missing vulnerable people scam posts being shared.", "claim_text": "A boy with autism named Brayden and his dog are missing in Derbyshire.", "claim_images": ["67b26cd6719ccca960b5435d#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240601024858/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.33BZ2M8", "date": "2023-03-23", "label": "Refuted", "location": "KE", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "August 15, 2022", "source_url": "https://newsroom.ap.org/editorial-photos-videos/search?query=ben%20curtis%20kibera&mediaType=photo&st=keyword", "source_medium": "Image/graphic"}], "question": "When was the 29-th image first published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#INPUT#1#0.jpg", "67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#INPUT#1#1.jpg", "67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#INPUT#1#2.jpg", "67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#INPUT#1#3.jpg", "67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#INPUT#1#4.jpg", "67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#INPUT#1#5.jpg", "67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#INPUT#1#6.jpg", "67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#INPUT#1#7.jpg", "67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#INPUT#1#8.jpg", "67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#INPUT#1#9.jpg", "67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#INPUT#1#10.jpg", "67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#INPUT#1#11.jpg", "67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#INPUT#1#12.jpg", "67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#INPUT#1#13.jpg", "67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#INPUT#1#14.jpg", "67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#INPUT#1#15.jpg", "67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#INPUT#1#16.jpg", "67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#INPUT#1#17.jpg", "67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#INPUT#1#18.jpg", "67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#INPUT#1#19.jpg", "67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#INPUT#1#20.jpg", "67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#INPUT#1#21.jpg", "67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#INPUT#1#22.jpg", "67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#INPUT#1#23.jpg", "67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#INPUT#1#24.jpg", "67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#INPUT#1#25.jpg", "67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#INPUT#1#26.jpg", "67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#INPUT#1#27.jpg", "67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#INPUT#1#28.jpg", "67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#INPUT#1#29.jpg", "67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#INPUT#1#30.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "During the illegal demonstrations held on March 20, 2023.", "source_url": "https://archive.is/IiW8q", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When did the crimes occur that the images are supposed to show pictures of suspects for?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related", "Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "January 10, 2018", "source_url": "https://www.ft.com/stream/46eec225-2333-3c0f-ac02-ae1a7ca1e486?page=2", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the 14-th image first published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#INPUT#3#0.jpg", "67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#INPUT#3#1.jpg", "67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#INPUT#3#2.jpg", "67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#INPUT#3#3.jpg", "67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#INPUT#3#4.jpg", "67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#INPUT#3#5.jpg", "67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#INPUT#3#6.jpg", "67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#INPUT#3#7.jpg", "67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#INPUT#3#8.jpg", "67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#INPUT#3#9.jpg", "67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#INPUT#3#10.jpg", "67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#INPUT#3#11.jpg", "67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#INPUT#3#12.jpg", "67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#INPUT#3#13.jpg", "67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#INPUT#3#14.jpg", "67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#INPUT#3#15.jpg", "67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#INPUT#3#16.jpg", "67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#INPUT#3#17.jpg", "67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#INPUT#3#18.jpg", "67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#INPUT#3#19.jpg", "67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#INPUT#3#20.jpg", "67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#INPUT#3#21.jpg", "67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#INPUT#3#22.jpg", "67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#INPUT#3#23.jpg", "67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#INPUT#3#24.jpg", "67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#INPUT#3#25.jpg", "67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#INPUT#3#26.jpg", "67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#INPUT#3#27.jpg", "67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#INPUT#3#28.jpg", "67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#INPUT#3#29.jpg", "67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#INPUT#3#30.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The Directorate of Criminal Investigations wishes to unreservedly apologize to the public for the mix-up of images in yesterday\u2019s communication, which was meant to appeal for information regarding the whereabouts of criminal suspects involved in Monday\u2019s illegal demonstrations. The mix-up was partly occasioned by the overwhelming information that we had received via the #FichuakwaDCI online platform regarding the reported incidents of violence. While we work towards rectifying the same and maintaining public confidence in our operations, the Directorate continues to appeal to the public for information regarding the whereabouts of the suspects whose images appear below.", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/6PYK-JDTR", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What was the public apologies made by DCI Kenya regarding all of the images?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The answers show that the majority of the pictures were from the March 2023 riots but some were taken at different events in 2018 and 2022 so the claim is refuted.", "claim_text": "Images posted by Kenya police show individuals suspected of causing mayhem during the March 2023 rallies.", "claim_images": ["67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#CLAIM#1.jpg", "67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#CLAIM#2.jpg", "67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#CLAIM#3.jpg", "67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#CLAIM#4.jpg", "67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#CLAIM#5.jpg", "67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#CLAIM#6.jpg", "67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#CLAIM#7.jpg", "67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#CLAIM#8.jpg", "67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#CLAIM#9.jpg", "67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#CLAIM#10.jpg", "67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#CLAIM#11.jpg", "67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#CLAIM#12.jpg", "67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#CLAIM#13.jpg", "67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#CLAIM#14.jpg", "67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#CLAIM#15.jpg", "67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#CLAIM#16.jpg", "67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#CLAIM#17.jpg", "67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#CLAIM#18.jpg", "67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#CLAIM#19.jpg", "67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#CLAIM#20.jpg", "67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#CLAIM#21.jpg", "67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#CLAIM#22.jpg", "67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#CLAIM#23.jpg", "67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#CLAIM#24.jpg", "67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#CLAIM#25.jpg", "67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#CLAIM#26.jpg", "67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#CLAIM#27.jpg", "67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#CLAIM#28.jpg", "67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#CLAIM#29.jpg", "67b27c2f719ccca960b545b1#CLAIM#30.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Directorate of Criminal Investigations", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://www.facebook.com/UpeleleziKenya/posts/pfbid0a642PNz52ipzZHkJ3df7zasTq6AnckyVNbL2DuuyAR7wFwcHLwxZWPxFFL3qFmbVl?_rdc=1&_rdr", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/UpeleleziKenya/posts/pfbid0a642PNz52ipzZHkJ3df7zasTq6AnckyVNbL2DuuyAR7wFwcHLwxZWPxFFL3qFmbVl?_rdc=1&_rdr", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240425220842/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.33DJ34U", "date": "2023-04-18", "label": "Refuted", "location": "KR", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67b2be45719ccca960b54ea3#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "It is the logo of the Rainforest Alliance, and international certification body for sustainably developed products.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240423000250/https://www.rainforest-alliance.org/about/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the seal on the Kit Kat package in the 2-th image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b2be45719ccca960b54ea3#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240423000250/https://www.rainforest-alliance.org/about/", "source_medium": "Image/graphic", "boolean_explanation": "The logo contains a tree frog surrounded by a stylized circle which says, \"RAINFOREST ALLIANCE PEOPLE & NATURE.\""}], "question": "Is there an insect on the Rainforest Alliance's logo?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b2be45719ccca960b54ea3#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "A product with the seal contains one or more key ingredients produced with social, economic, and environmental sustainability, such as preserving forest ecology and advancing the human rights of rural workers.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240425220842/https://www.rainforest-alliance.org/insights/what-does-rainforest-alliance-certified-mean/?_ga=2.242702272.359055550.1681974376-701520776.1681974376", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does a Rainforest Alliance seal mean on a product?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b2be45719ccca960b54ea3#INPUT#3#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "KitKat is listed on the Rainforest Alliance's website as a product certified by the body, as the cocoa ingredient used to make the chocolate is harvested using sustainable practices.", "source_url": "https://archive.is/wip/cRT9v", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Why does Kit Kat have the Rainforest Alliance seal for sustainability?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related", "Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240514081140/https://www.hersheyland.com/products/kit-kat-big-kat-milk-chocolate-candy-bar-1-5-oz.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The ingredients are published on the internet and neither frogs nor insects are used in making the candy bars."}], "question": "Are there insects in KitKat bars?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that the seal on the bar shows a tree frog and the symbol of the Rainforest Alliance, indicating that the bars are produced by sustainable means. Additionally, evidence of the ingredients in the bars shows that no insects or tree frogs were used in making the bars.", "claim_text": "KitKat label indicates insects included in ingredients.", "claim_images": ["67b2be45719ccca960b54ea3#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67b2be45719ccca960b54ea3#CLAIM#1.jpg", "67b2be45719ccca960b54ea3#CLAIM#2.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "no100sin", "transcription": "Sustainably Sourced Cocoa KitKat", "media_source": "https://archive.vn/E69KY", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.vn/E69KY", "reporting_source": "Telegram", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Keyword Search", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241225001745/https://checkyourfact.com/2023/06/09/fact-check-target-satan-respects-pronouns/", "date": "2023-05-23", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67b2c0b4719ccca960b54fe6#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "An Instagram user with the handle Abprallenuk.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241225001745/https://www.instagram.com/p/CstpaKiNEjd/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is the creator of the shirt design in the image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b2c0b4719ccca960b54fe6#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.instagram.com/p/CstpaKiNEjd/?img_index=1", "source_medium": "Image/graphic", "boolean_explanation": "User abprallenuk posted a statement on Instagram showing the only three items they designed that were sold by Target, none of which mention Satan."}], "question": "Does the designer of the t-shirt in the image sell it at Target?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b2c0b4719ccca960b54fe6#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The design was created by Erik Carnell, an independent artist who operates under the brand Abprallen.  \n", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241225001745/https://www.instagram.com/p/CstpaKiNEjd/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is the creator of the shirt design in the image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b2c0b4719ccca960b54fe6#INPUT#3#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "No, the design was never sold by Target, and the artist confirmed it was not part of their collaboration with the retailer.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241225001745/https://checkyourfact.com/2023/03/15/fact-check-satanic-hotel-plano-texas/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Did Target ever sell the \"Satan Respects Pronouns\" shirt?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "Based on evidence, the creator of the shirt that says \u2018Satan Respects Pronouns,' was created by Erik Carnell, an independent artist who operates under the brand Abprallen. Abprallen, with user handle as abprallenuk, posted a statement on Instagram showing the only three items they designed that were sold by Target, none of which mention Satan. This design was never sold at Target. Moreover, the artist confirmed it was not part of their collaboration with the retailer.", "claim_text": "Target Selling A Shirt That Says \u2018Satan Respects Pronouns?\u2019", "claim_images": ["67b2c0b4719ccca960b54fe6#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Audrey Spell Hill", "transcription": "One of the many reasons you won\u2019t see me in Target ever again\u2026..their new tshirt they sell\u2026freakin sickos #BoycottTarget", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241225001800/https://www.facebook.com/audrey.spell.9/posts/pfbid02TjwRj1go4tsKnfZg2RfcWebX9vhicC2YmjX1gCLV5fseGCQDvEY9Gd3wzUrWAXbxl", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Consultation", "Media Source Discovery"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240812072025/https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2022/08/fact-check-commentator-ben-shapiro-did-not-receive-ppp-loan-that-was-a-different-guy.html", "date": "2022-08-23", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://projects.propublica.org/coronavirus/bailouts/loans/ben-shapiro-4983988403", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": " The Ben Shapiro who received the PPP loan is a real estate agent. "}], "question": "Did Political commentator Ben Shapiro receive a Paycheck Protection Program loan (PPP) loan of more than $20,000 that was later forgiven?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://projects.propublica.org/coronavirus/bailouts/search?q=%22Bentkey+Ventures%22", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "No PPP loans were found for Bentkey ventures ."}, {"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://projects.propublica.org/coronavirus/bailouts/search?q=%22The+Daily+Wire%22", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "No PPP loans were found for The Daily Wire."}], "question": "Is there any evidence that The Daily Wire or Bentkey Ventures received a PPP loan?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim was successfully refuted by proving that the person who received the loan was a real estate agent by the same name, not the political commentator, Ben Shapirol.", "claim_text": "Political commentator Ben Shapiro received a Paycheck Protection Program loan (PPP) loan of more than $20,000 that was later forgiven", "claim_images": ["67b4a691719ccca960b85d05#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@GrownRoom", "transcription": "Home BEN SHAPIRO Why is my loan information here? Loan amount Amount Forgiven $20,832 $ 21,079 Includes any accrued interest Where applicants said the money will go Payroll $20,832 Utilities $0 Mortgage Interest $0 Health Care $0 Rent $0 Refinance EIDL $0 Debt Interest $0", "media_source": "https://x.com/GrownRoom/status/1562177735497220098/photo/1", "original_claim_url": "https://x.com/GrownRoom/status/1562177735497220098", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted", "Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220721061226/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.32ED639", "date": "2022-06-23", "label": "Refuted", "location": "AF", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67b4b6b6719ccca960b8b4eb#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The photo was published  by Yemeni media outlet Almasdar Online on December 10, 2015.", "source_url": "https://almasdaronline.com/article/77727", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the photo first published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related", "Metadata-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": " 5.9-magnitude earthquake struck Afghanistan's remote eastern border region on June 21, 2022, killing at least 1,000 people and injuring 1,500 others", "source_url": "https://news.yahoo.com/least-100-killed-afghanistan-earthquake-063813422.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When did the deadly earthquake struck Afghanistan?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b4b6b6719ccca960b8b4eb#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The photo was taken in Yemen.", "source_url": "https://almasdaronline.com/article/77727", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "In what country was the photo taken?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that the image was taken in Yemen in 2015, and the Afghan earthquake was in 2022.", "claim_text": "A photo of a boy has been shared hundreds of times in multiple Pakistani social media posts that claim he was rescued from the rubble of a deadly earthquake that struck Afghanistan in June 2022.", "claim_images": ["67b4b6b6719ccca960b8b4eb#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@hadiBut19335286", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://archive.ph/cayPW/c4e38ab320bdf8e9a0b797dd7b76033954c4f6f5.jpg", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.ph/cayPW", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Media Source Discovery", "Reverse Image Search", "Keyword Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted", "Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221228092826/https://fullfact.org/online/missing-dog-posts-withernsea/", "date": "2022-12-21", "label": "Refuted", "location": "GB", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67b4bb9e719ccca960b8b579#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The image shows a spaniel covered in something red.", "source_url": "https://fullfact.org/online/injured-dog-spam/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the image show?\n", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b4bb9e719ccca960b8b579#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.thedodo.com/daily-dodo/family-thinks-dog-is-covered-in-blood-but-its-something-else", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Pogo was totally fine, they started looking for other possible causes for his newly red fur \u2014 and that\u2019s when they discovered a chewed-up container of red hair dye hidden in Pogo\u2019s bed. "}], "question": "Is the spaniel in the image injured or covered in blood?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that the image is of a dog that got into a container of red hair dye.", "claim_text": "A Facebook user has found a missing or injured dog.", "claim_images": ["67b4bb9e719ccca960b8b579#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=101189056192919&set=gm.5737406296380360&idorvanity=237927179661660", "reporting_source": "", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Media Source Discovery"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted", "Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524120111/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.33D27VG", "date": "2023-04-08", "label": "Refuted", "location": "KH", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67b4d85c886de82ea946b610#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "shows a photo of Thai boxer Petchmongkol Tor-Niyomsuk with a referee and a close-up of the referee holding a round object.", "source_url": "https://archive.ph/gX2oi/image", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the image show?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related", "Metadata-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "Metadata", "source_medium": "Metadata", "boolean_explanation": "a Facebook Live broadcast of the match on April 9 shows Petchmongkol was ordered by a referee to remove padding from his glove -- not a rock. The footage shows he was then allowed to continue the fight against his Cambodian opponent Khem Chan."}], "question": "Is the round object in the photo a rock?", "answer_method": "Metadata", "question_type": ["Metadata-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b4d85c886de82ea946b610#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The referee instructed the boxer to remove padding, not a rock.  ", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524120111/https://archive.ph/xNqa3", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Did the referee find a rock inside the Thai boxer\u2019s glove?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "He was allowed to continue fighting after removing the padding.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210731090619/https://www.mehrnews.com/news/2191619/%D9%87%D9%85%D9%87-%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B4%DA%A9-%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%88%D9%82-%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%AA-%D9%87%D8%A7-%D8%AA%D8%A7-%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B4%DA%A9-%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87-%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Was the Thai boxer disqualified for hiding a rock in his glove?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "Based on evidence, the image is of Thai boxer, Petchmongkol Tor-Niyomsuk with the referee and a close-up of the referee holding a round object. A Facebook Live broadcast of the match on April 9 showed Petchmongkol was ordered by the referee to remove padding from his glove not a rock. Footage showed he was then allowed to continue the fight against his Cambodian opponent Khem Chan.", "claim_text": "A Thai boxer hid a rock in his glove during a boxing match against a Cambodian opponent.", "claim_images": ["67b4d85c886de82ea946b610#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Best", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/ButhSeyhaOfficial/posts/pfbid02JDXvcdXu5TQ8GbXNqenyvrr4ka8hRXivfkVd6cWnkcDGT3KwKyVY7ZmGDEdViEQNl", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Consultation", "Video Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240909052802/https://www.boomlive.in/fact-check/fact-check-the-kashmir-files-vivek-agnihotri-dadasaheb-phalke-international-film-festival-award-21123", "date": "2023-02-21", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The Dadasaheb Phalke Award is awarded annually to recipients from the Indian cinema for their 'outstanding contribution to the growth and development of Indian cinema.' The award is conferred upon individuals and not films. The award is presented at the National Film Awards ceremony.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20231003004340/https://www.dff.gov.in/PhalkeAward.aspx", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the Dadasaheb Phalke Award?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "DPIFF is an international film festival organised by a private organisation.\n\n", "source_url": "https://archive.is/xhkDa", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is Dada Saheb Phalke International Film Festival?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The Kashmir Files won the Best Film award at Dadasaheb Phalke International Film Festival Awards 2023.\u201d", "source_url": "https://newschecker.in/entertainment-fact-check/did-the-kashmir-files-win-dadasaheb-phalke-award", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What award did Kashmir Files win?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that the Dadasaheb Phalke Award is only given to individuals, not movies. It is also pointed out that The Kasmir Files won a different award.", "claim_text": "Filmaker Vivek Agnihotri's film \"The Kasmir Files\" won the Dadasaheb Phalke Award.", "claim_images": ["67b4e9f9886de82ea946c321#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67b4e9f9886de82ea946c321#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@vivekagnihotri", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://twitter.com/hashtag/DadaSahebPhalkeAwards2023?src=hashtag_click", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": [], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20231217094818/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.339F6P2", "date": "2023-02-18", "label": "Refuted", "location": "KR", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67b4f7a2886de82ea946fd39#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The video shows Oxford University student Sharon Chau opening a debate on meritocracy.", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/T37D-JBDU", "source_medium": "Video"}], "question": "What do the pictures show?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b4f7a2886de82ea946fd39#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/T37D-JBDU", "source_medium": "Video", "boolean_explanation": " The student did not make any mention of Korean culture or K-pop."}], "question": "Did the student make any mention of Korean culture or K-pop in the original video?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving with a video tape of the Chinese Oxford student's speech in which she makes no mention of Korean culture or of K-pop. The speech is entirely an argument that meritocracy doesn't exist.", "claim_text": "Images show a Chinese student at Oxford  arguing that Korean culture is inherited from China therefore K-pop is part of Chinese culture.", "claim_images": ["67b4f7a2886de82ea946fd39#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://www.facebook.com/groups/2146064572321105/posts/3282133252047559/", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/groups/2146064572321105/posts/3282133252047559/", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230928143203/https://en.youturn.in/factcheck/did-sanjjanaa-galrani-convert-to-islam-after-watching-the-kerala-story.html", "date": "2023-05-24", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Sudipto Sen's film \"The Kerala Story\" was released in November 2022.", "source_url": "https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2023/05/19/the-kerala-story-a-controversial-film-accused-of-fueling-hindu-nationalist-propaganda_6027209_4.html#", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the movie \u2018The Kerala Story\u2019 released?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Kannada actress Sanjjanaa aka Archana Galrani, who was arrested in connection with the Sandalwood drug racket, has reportedly to covered to Islam and rechristened herself Mahira on October 9, 2018.", "source_url": "https://www.ibtimes.co.in/kannada-actress-sanjjanaa-aka-archana-galrani-converted-muslim-religion-rechristened-mahira-828326", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When did South Indian actress Sanjana Galrani convert to Islam?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b4fedd886de82ea9470256#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The Kerala Story was released in November 2022.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230928143203/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/sanjjanaa-galrani-set-to-perform-her-first-umrah-in-mecca-i-dont-want-to-be-judged-by-people-who-are-not-secular-8614283/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was The Kerala Story released?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b4fedd886de82ea9470256#INPUT#3#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "She converted to Islam on October 9, 2018.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230928143203/https://www.instagram.com/reel/CsNl2HJMTnA/?igshid=MzRlODBiNWFlZA==", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When did Sanjjanaa Galrani convert to Islam?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "Based on evidence, Sudipto Sen's film \"The Kerala Story\" was released in November 2022. Whereas, actress Sanjjanaa Glarani converted to Islam on October 9, 2018,  which is about 4 years before the movie was released.", "claim_text": "Actress Sanjjanaa Glarani converted to Islam after watching the movie 'The Kerala Story'.", "claim_images": ["67b4fedd886de82ea9470256#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67b4fedd886de82ea9470256#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@shoaibJamei", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://twitter.com/shoaibJamei/status/1661023377413517315?t=aDAAsSwWPiGol7LZaOYSDA&s=08", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Causal Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted", "Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241227024730/https://newschecker.in/fact-check/anti-hindu-elements-vandalise-idols-at-tiruppur-temple-heres-the-truth-behind-viral-posts/", "date": "2023-05-24", "label": "Refuted", "location": "", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "A 32-year-old man was caught red-handed for vandalising idols and attempting to steal valuables at Avinashi Lingeshwarar temple in Tirupur on Tuesday.\n\n", "source_url": "https://www.dtnext.in/tamilnadu/2023/05/24/man-held-for-theft-attempt-at-avinashi-lingeshwarar-temple", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who vandalised 63 idols at the Avinashi Lingeshwarar temple in Tiruppur, Tamil Nadu?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chennai/man-damages-temple-property-tiruppur-bjp-leader-slams-dmk-government-8626481/", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "On allegations that close to 63 Nayanmar idols were broken inside the temple, the police said none of the idols was damaged by the accused. \u201cHe had psychological issues and did this mischief due to his unstable mental condition. He does not belong to any political organisation,\u201d the police wrote on Twitter."}], "question": "Was the man who vandalized 63 Nayanmar idols anti-Hindu?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b504e9886de82ea9470637#INPUT#2#0.jpg", "67b504e9886de82ea9470637#INPUT#2#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "A 32-year-old man was caught attempting theft and mischief at the temple, but police confirmed he had psychological issues and was not linked to any anti-Hindu group", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241227024730/https://www.dtnext.in/tamilnadu/2023/05/24/man-held-for-theft-attempt-at-avinashi-lingeshwarar-temple", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who was responsible for the vandalism at the Avinashi Lingeshwarar temple?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The police stated that no idols were damaged, contradicting the viral claim.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241227024730/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chennai/man-damages-temple-property-tiruppur-bjp-leader-slams-dmk-government-8626481/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Were 63 idols at the temple actually vandalized?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "Based on evidence, a 32-year-old man was caught attempting theft and mischief at the temple, but police confirmed he had psychological issues and was not linked to any anti-Hindu group. The police stated that no idols were damaged, contradicting the viral claim.", "claim_text": "Anti-Hindu elements vandalised 63 idols at the Avinashi Lingeshwarar temple in Tiruppur, Tamil Nadu.\n", "claim_images": ["67b504e9886de82ea9470637#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67b504e9886de82ea9470637#CLAIM#1.jpg", "67b504e9886de82ea9470637#CLAIM#2.jpg", "67b504e9886de82ea9470637#CLAIM#3.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Sunanda Roy", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230523115331/https://twitter.com/SaffronSunanda/status/1660884562166308864", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Keyword Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted", "Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240621135116/https://en.youturn.in/factcheck/telangana-govt-ramzan-gift.html", "date": "2023-04-12", "label": "Refuted", "location": "", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67b50a14886de82ea94708af#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.aajtak.in/religion/story/ramzan-gift-to-1.95-lakh-poor-muslim-families-in-telangana-from-the-state-govt-304893-2015-07-09", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The image is also found in the AajTak article dated 9, July 2015. The viral image is of Ramzan gift distributed by Telangana government but is old and not recent. "}], "question": "Do the images show K. Chandrashekar Rao, Chief Minister of Telangana giving \u201cIftar Daawat\u201d to Muslims on this Ramzan month?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/ahead-of-bathukamma-festival-telangana-govt-gifts-sarees-to-one-crore-women/story-VuRrZkXYtQ1lPjTxKvz5EK.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The Telangana Rashtra Samithi government headed by chief minister K Chandrasekhar Rao started distributing colourful sarees on Monday to women below poverty line as a gift for Bathukamma, a folk festival celebrated in the rural areas of the state coinciding with Dushera festivities."}], "question": "Were any gifts distributed during Hindu occasions?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b50a14886de82ea94708af#INPUT#2#0.jpg", "67b50a14886de82ea94708af#INPUT#2#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The government distributed sarees to women below the poverty line for Bathukamma, a festival coinciding with Dussehra.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240621135116/https://twitter.com/naseercorpghmc/status/1646163588237672451?s=46&t=kIszbQH_arRSG8kPbuGeZw", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Did the Telangana government distribute gifts for Hindu festivals?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b50a14886de82ea94708af#INPUT#3#0.jpg", "67b50a14886de82ea94708af#INPUT#3#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The image is from 2015 and was used in a report about Ramzan gifts distributed by the Telangana government.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240621135116/https://www.aajtak.in/religion/story/ramzan-gift-to-1.95-lakh-poor-muslim-families-in-telangana-from-the-state-govt-304893-2015-07-09", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Is the image in the claim from 2023?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "Based on QA, the image is not from 2023, the image is from 2015 and was used in a report about Ramzan gifts distributed by the Telangana government. In addition, the Telangana Rashtra Samithi government headed by chief minister K Chandrasekhar Rao started distributing colourful sarees on Monday to women below poverty line as a gift for Bathukamma, a folk festival celebrated in the rural areas of the state coinciding with Dushera festivities.", "claim_text": "K. Chandrashekar Rao, Chief Minister of Telangana gave \u201cIftar Daawat\u201d to Muslims on this Ramzan month and no celebrations or gifts were distributed during Hindu occasions such as Ram Navami or Hanuman Jayanti.", "claim_images": ["67b50a14886de82ea94708af#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67b50a14886de82ea94708af#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Ramesh Naidu Nagothu", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.is/TzZuY", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery", "Image Analysis", "Fact-checker Reference"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted", "Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240705230150/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.33D66R3", "date": "2023-04-12", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67b51031886de82ea9470bff#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The document's issue date is listed as April 29, 1959."}], "question": "What is the passport issue date according to the claim? ", "answer_method": "Image Analysis", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "With a father from Kenya and a mother from Kansas, President Obama was born in Hawaii on August 4, 1961. ", "source_url": "https://trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov/about-the-white-house/presidents/barack-obama/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When and where was president Obama born?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b51031886de82ea9470bff#INPUT#2#0.jpg", "67b51031886de82ea9470bff#INPUT#2#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Barack Obama was born on August 4, 1961, in Hawaii, United States."}], "question": "When and where was Barack Obama born?", "answer_method": "Image Analysis", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b51031886de82ea9470bff#INPUT#3#0.jpg", "67b51031886de82ea9470bff#INPUT#3#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The document does not provide credible evidence that Obama was born in Kenya. Official records confirm he was born in Hawaii."}], "question": "Does the passport shown in the claim prove Obama was born in Kenya?", "answer_method": "Image Analysis", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "Based on evidence, the passport issue date is listed as April 29, 1959 whereas with a father from Kenya and a mother from Kansas, President Obama was born in Hawaii, United States on August 4, 1961 which is 2 years before he was born.", "claim_text": "Photos of an old passport prove Barack Obama was born in Kenya.", "claim_images": ["67b51031886de82ea9470bff#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67b51031886de82ea9470bff#CLAIM#1.jpg", "67b51031886de82ea9470bff#CLAIM#2.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Stew Peters", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://x.com/ObamaMalik/status/1645934149843275778", "original_claim_url": "https://x.com/realstewpeters/status/1646205907456475169?mx=2", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Consultation", "Media Source Discovery", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230929032759/https://en.youturn.in/factcheck/have-ramayana-artists-gagan-malik-and-dipika-chikhlia-embraced-buddhism.html", "date": "2023-05-23", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67b52034886de82ea947129d#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Shivya Pathania popularly known as the Divine Beauty of Bharatiya Television. ", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230929032759/https://www.siddhantsamachar.com/news/shivya-pathania-welcomed-as-devi-sita-by-pm-modi-ji-and-cm-of-up-yogi-ji-in-ayodhaya-deepostsava", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is the woman pictured in the image in the festive red dress?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://www.instagram.com/reel/CsC6Lb4Ovvl/?utm_source=ig_embed&utm_campaign=loading", "source_medium": "Video", "boolean_explanation": "In an Instagram video from May 9, 2023, Dipika Chiklia is seen worshipping Lord Ram."}], "question": "Are there any religious references from Dipika Chikhlia on her social media?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Hindu", "source_url": "https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2022/10/26/7-facts-about-hindus-around-the-world/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What religion worships Lord Ram?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b52034886de82ea947129d#INPUT#3#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.instagram.com/p/CobPf6xI-gp/?igshid=MzRlODBiNWFlZA%3D%3D", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "In the post, she simply stated, \"Peace \u2026 is what we all want yet we run for every thing else\".\n"}], "question": "When Dipika Chikhlia was photographed with the Buddha statue, did she say she was embracing Buddhism?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that the woman in CLAIM_IMG_1 is Shivya Pathania, not Dipika Chikhlia. Also, evidence of Dipika Chikhlia worshipping Lord Ram as part of her Hindu faith is provided.", "claim_text": "Dipika Chikhlia who acted as Seetha has embraced Buddhism", "claim_images": ["67b52034886de82ea947129d#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67b52034886de82ea947129d#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Gowthama Sanna", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=pfbid0vC1ptLzF9TsBTPUhrLJa29U1Fo9gNeGF4Y8ENFpTZGV5uywiqtuYgYw6N46DbvTWl&id=100063494629287&mibextid=cr9u03", "reporting_source": "", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Keyword Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted"], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240723204805/https://factly.in/viral-photo-doesnt-show-subramanian-swamy-with-his-daughter-and-granddaughter/", "date": "2018-05-04", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67b5291c886de82ea947142c#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "In Bengaluru Airport ! Muslim women appreciative of Dr Subramanian \n@Swamy39\n & even want to get photographed with him !", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230625041849/https://twitter.com/jagdishshetty/status/992406702573137922", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the image a picture of?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Reacting on the comment, BJP MP tweeted, \u201d You are either lying or a buffoon. She is not converted \u201c.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230418090552/https://www.siasat.com/netizen-calls-subramanian-swamys-daughter-converted-muslim-heres-how-bjp-mp-reacts-1484650/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What did Subramanian Swamy say about the claim that his daughter was a converted Muslim?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Image", "source_url": "https://www.republicworld.com/tech/subramanian-swamys-daughter-dr-gitanjali-explains-bitcoin-using-indian-wedding-analogy", "source_medium": "Image/graphic", "image_answers": ["67b5291c886de82ea947142c#ANSWER#2#0#0.jpg"]}], "question": "What is an image of Subramanian Swamy's with his oldest daughter, Dr. Gitanjali Swamy?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Image", "source_url": "https://x.com/suhasinih", "source_medium": "Image/graphic", "image_answers": ["67b5291c886de82ea947142c#ANSWER#3#0#0.jpg"]}], "question": "What is an image of Subramanian Swamy's youngest daughter, Suhasini Haider?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Image", "source_url": "https://files.prokerala.com/news/photos/imgs/1024/bjp-mp-subramanian-swamy-with-grand-daughter-at-439901.jpg", "source_medium": "Image/graphic", "image_answers": ["67b5291c886de82ea947142c#ANSWER#4#0#0.jpg"]}], "question": "What is an image of Subramanian Swamy's granddaughter?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b5291c886de82ea947142c#INPUT#5#0.jpg", "67b5291c886de82ea947142c#INPUT#5#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "boolean_explanation": "The two girls have different facial features."}], "question": "Is Subramanian Swamy's granddaughter from the 3-th image the same person as the girl wearing blue in the 0-th image?", "answer_method": "Image Analysis", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b5291c886de82ea947142c#INPUT#6#0.jpg", "67b5291c886de82ea947142c#INPUT#6#1.jpg", "67b5291c886de82ea947142c#INPUT#6#2.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "boolean_explanation": "The women from the 1-th and 2-th images are not in the 0-th photo."}], "question": "Are Subramanian Swamy's daughters that are shown in the 1-th and 2-th images, pictured in the 0-th image?", "answer_method": "Image Analysis", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that the caption on the image shows the persons surrounding Swamy are strangers in the airport. Further evidence is provided with images of his daughters and granddaughter.", "claim_text": "A Photo Shows Subramanian Swamy with His Daughter and Granddaughter", "claim_images": ["67b5291c886de82ea947142c#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Jagdish Shetty", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230625041849/https://twitter.com/jagdishshetty/status/992406702573137922", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Keyword Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted", "Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230930001334/https://en.youturn.in/factcheck/drying-pitch-using-hair-dryer-and-steam-iron-is-from-2020s-t20-match-in-guwahati-not-ipl-finals.html", "date": "2023-05-29", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67b52ca2886de82ea9471597#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": " Jan 5, 2020", "source_url": "https://x.com/azzamameen/status/1213847884975591424?s=46&t=kIszbQH_arRSG8kPbuGeZw", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image of the hairdryer first published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "During the 2023 IPL Finals on May 29, 2023.", "source_url": "https://x.com/sportst24_/status/1663243226248265728?s=46&t=kIszbQH_arRSG8kPbuGeZw", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the claim made?", "answer_method": "Metadata", "question_type": ["Metadata-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b52ca2886de82ea9471597#INPUT#2#0.jpg", "67b52ca2886de82ea9471597#INPUT#2#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "India\u2019s first T20 International of 2020", "source_url": "https://www.crictracker.com/what-a-shame-twitter-lashes-out-at-officials-for-using-hair-dryer-to-dry-the-pitch-in-guwahati/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When were the images taken of the iron and hairdryer being used to dry the field?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving the images are from the 2020 T20 International, not the 2023 IPL finals.", "claim_text": "Photos of a hair dryer and a steam iron being used on the ground to dry a cricket pitch were from IPL 2023 finals.", "claim_images": ["67b52ca2886de82ea9471597#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67b52ca2886de82ea9471597#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "SportsT24", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.is/4DLIa", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Keyword Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240525043928/https://www.boomlive.in/fact-check/one-woman-marries-two-men-scripted-video-polyandry-fact-check-21368", "date": "2023-03-18", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67b52f66886de82ea9471a08#INPUT#0#0.jpg", "67b52f66886de82ea9471a08#INPUT#0#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "A few days ago, a video of two boys filling the maang of a girl and putting a mangalsutra on her went viral on social media. It was claimed that both these boys married the same girl together. But this video was actually fake and was presented in the name of entertainment. ", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240627080604/https://hindi.news18.com/news/ajab-gajab/girl-marries-2-boys-at-a-time-people-says-sharing-is-caring-5532415.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What did News 18 Hindi say about the video from which the images are taken?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving the video was made for entertainment and not factual.", "claim_text": "A video shows two men marrying the same woman.", "claim_images": ["67b52f66886de82ea9471a08#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67b52f66886de82ea9471a08#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240627080604/https://hindi.news18.com/news/ajab-gajab/girl-marries-2-boys-at-a-time-people-says-sharing-is-caring-5532415.html", "reporting_source": "News18", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Keyword Search", "Video Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230315004847/https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2023/01/fact-check-new-anti-zelenskyy-graffiti-did-not-appear-in-london.html", "date": "2023-01-18", "label": "Refuted", "location": "GB", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67b5766f886de82ea9473afc#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The headquarters of the Swiss chocolatier Lindt & Spr\u00fcngli, located at 1 Schokoladenplatz in Kilchberg, a municipality in the Swiss canton of Zurich has a matching facade.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230315004847/https://www.lindt-home-of-chocolate.com/en/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is a building with a matching facade to the one in the image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b5766f886de82ea9473afc#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Image", "source_url": "https://static.dezeen.com/uploads/2020/09/christ-gantenbei-lindt-home-chocolate-museum-kilchberg_dezeen_2364_hero_0-852x539.jpg", "source_medium": "Image/graphic", "image_answers": ["67b5766f886de82ea9473afc#ANSWER#1#0#0.jpg"]}], "question": "What is an image of the headquarters of Swiss cholatier  Lindt & Spr\u00fcngli, located at 1 Schokoladenplatz in Kilchberg, Zurich?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b5766f886de82ea9473afc#INPUT#2#0.jpg", "67b5766f886de82ea9473afc#INPUT#2#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Unanswerable", "answer_text": "No answer could be found."}], "question": "Are the 0-th and 1-th image of the same location?", "answer_method": "Image Analysis", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b5766f886de82ea9473afc#INPUT#3#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Image", "source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Lindt+Home+of+Chocolate/@47.3181995,8.5509869,3a,75y,40h,90t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1sAF1QipMCjhL5IUsd6YUu62TjA2JxrOS9Squeam3du8zr!2e10!3e11!6shttps:%2F%2Flh3.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMCjhL5IUsd6YUu62TjA2JxrOS9Squeam3du8zr%3Dw900-h600-k-no-pi0-ya337.742000579834-ro0-fo100!7i7680!8i3840!4m7!3m6!1s0x479aa747616a67d5:0x5add0a12342aa884!8m2!3d47.3183932!4d8.5510019!10e5!16s%2Fg%2F11j4m64znd?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI1MDIxMi4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_medium": "Image/graphic", "image_answers": ["67b5766f886de82ea9473afc#ANSWER#3#0#0.jpg"]}], "question": "What is a Google Maps image of the Lindt Home Of Chocolate headquarters at 1 Schokoladenplatz in Kilchberg, Zurich?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b5766f886de82ea9473afc#INPUT#4#0.jpg", "67b5766f886de82ea9473afc#INPUT#4#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "Both images contain a similar looking white building with mostly glass windows at the bottom, and both contain triangular white benches as well as brown tables and chairs. However, the 0-th image has evergreen trees, while the 2-th image does not. The 2-th image also has folded-up white umbrellas that are missing from the 0-th image."}], "question": "What are the similarities and differences in the landscapes and structures of the 0-th image and the 2-th image?", "answer_method": "Image Analysis", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b5766f886de82ea9473afc#INPUT#5#0.jpg", "67b5766f886de82ea9473afc#INPUT#5#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Image", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230315004847/https://www.google.com/maps/place/Lindt+Home+of+Chocolate/@47.3180315,8.5516191,3a,75y,90t/data=!3m8!1e5!3m6!1sAF1QipMXAyMMBZw6GhXBPi2UeUstmLy5msbmrQVF3YXe!2e10!3e10!6shttps:%2F%2Flh5.googleusercontent.com%2Fp%2FAF1QipMXAyMMBZw6GhXBPi2UeUstmLy5msbmrQVF3YXe%3Dw203-h360-k-no!7i1080!8i1920!4m14!1m6!3m5!1s0x479aa747616a67d5:0x5add0a12342aa884!2sLindt+Home+of+Chocolate!8m2!3d47.3180315!4d8.5516191!3m6!1s0x479aa747616a67d5:0x5add0a12342aa884!8m2!3d47.3180315!", "source_medium": "Video", "image_answers": ["67b5766f886de82ea9473afc#ANSWER#5#0#0.jpg"]}], "question": "What is another view of the Lindt Home of Chocolate building seen in the 1-th and 2-th images close to Christmastime?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b5766f886de82ea9473afc#INPUT#6#0.jpg", "67b5766f886de82ea9473afc#INPUT#6#1.jpg", "67b5766f886de82ea9473afc#INPUT#6#2.jpg", "67b5766f886de82ea9473afc#INPUT#6#3.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "boolean_explanation": "The 1-th, 2-th, and 3-th images are all from the same address, and in the 3-th image with the evergreen trees present, one can also see that it is the same location as the 0-th image from the claim."}], "question": "Is the 3-th image the same location as the 0-th image from the claim, and the 1-th and 2-th images?", "answer_method": "Image Analysis", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.prokerala.com/travel/distance/from-london-uk/to-zurich/", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "London is in the United Kingdom and Zurich is in Switzerland."}], "question": "Are London and Zurich in the same country?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Commonsense-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by providing a series of images that prove the location of the graffiti was in Zurich and not London.", "claim_text": "Graffiti negatively portraying Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy appears in London", "claim_images": ["67b5766f886de82ea9473afc#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Typical optical", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://t.me/typicaloptical/8", "original_claim_url": "", "reporting_source": "The Telegram", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim", "Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Reverse Image Search", "Geolocation"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240221175536/https://www.aap.com.au/factcheck/images-of-outback-fishnado-smell-a-bit-funny/", "date": "2023-03-09", "label": "Refuted", "location": "AU", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67b5a62b886de82ea947b0d5#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "China March 17, 2015 - Kaili Development Zone in Qiandongnan Prefecture, Guizhou Province.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230920102818/http://www.xinhuanet.com/politics/2015-03/18/c_127592623_2.htm", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where and when was the photo taken?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "In Lajamanu, a remote town in northern Australia.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240221175536/https://www.facebook.com/RareNewsPage/posts/pfbid029gfyEeQv2HQ7y4s2RDk8QtdiEHDfzFSgEe8sqVERt6e5AXCpWSmBuxubrgtribWsl", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What was the location of the image according to the claim?", "answer_method": "Metadata", "question_type": ["Metadata-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that the image is from 2015 in China, not 2023 in Australia.", "claim_text": "Photos show the aftermath of hundreds of fish having fallen from the sky in a remote Australian town.", "claim_images": ["67b5a62b886de82ea947b0d5#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Rare news", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/RareNewsPage/posts/pfbid029gfyEeQv2HQ7y4s2RDk8QtdiEHDfzFSgEe8sqVERt6e5AXCpWSmBuxubrgtribWsl", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim", "Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Reverse Image Search", "Keyword Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240526062318/https://factcheckhub.com/viral-images-do-not-show-akeredolu-on-aiyetoro-beach-in-ondo-state/", "date": "2023-04-14", "label": "Refuted", "location": "", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67b5f7eb886de82ea9481c13#INPUT#0#0.jpg", "67b5f7eb886de82ea9481c13#INPUT#0#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230414214547/https://independent.ng/gov-akeredolu-tours-la-campagne-charges-akinboboye-on-tourism/", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The Ondo State Governor, Oluwarotimi Akeredolu  visted La Campagne Tropicana Beach Resort in Ikegun Village, Ibeju Lekki Local Government Area of Lagos State."}], "question": "Are these the pictures of Aiyetoro  beach in Ondo state?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b5f7eb886de82ea9481c13#INPUT#1#0.jpg", "67b5f7eb886de82ea9481c13#INPUT#1#1.jpg", "67b5f7eb886de82ea9481c13#INPUT#1#2.jpg", "67b5f7eb886de82ea9481c13#INPUT#1#3.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "These pictures are taken in Lagos state during the Ondo state governor, Rotimi Akeredolu, visit.", "source_url": "https://www.nigeriagalleria.com/Nigeria/beaches-beach-houses-resorts-in-nigeria.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What state are these pictures taken in?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that the images were taken in La Campagne Tropicana Beach Resort in Ikegun Village, Ibeju Lekki Local Government Area of Lagos State, not on Aiyetoro beach in Ondo State", "claim_text": "Photos show Rotimi Akeredolu on Aiyetoro beach in Ondo State.", "claim_images": ["67b5f7eb886de82ea9481c13#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67b5f7eb886de82ea9481c13#CLAIM#1.jpg", "67b5f7eb886de82ea9481c13#CLAIM#2.jpg", "67b5f7eb886de82ea9481c13#CLAIM#3.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Dr. Abiola Oshodi", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://x.com/AbiolaOshodi/status/1646879458937253895", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230424171204/https://www.newsweek.com/fact-check-did-kate-middleton-wear-white-meghan-markles-wedding-1775382", "date": "2023-01-19", "label": "Refuted", "location": "", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67b620ab886de82ea94891f0#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://www.harpersbazaar.com/celebrity/latest/g20839844/best-prince-harry-meghan-markle-royal-wedding-photos-recap/", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The Duchess of Cambridge opted to rewear one of her Alexander McQueen dresses to the royal wedding."}], "question": "Is the image of Kate Middleton from Harry and Megan's wedding?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.royal.uk/members-royal-family-have-arrived-wedding-prince-harry-and-ms-meghan-markle?page=3", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Cambridge wore a primrose yellow wool silk tailored coat by Alexander McQueen. "}], "question": "Did Kate Middleton wear a white dress to Meghan Markle and Prince Harry's wedding in 2018?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by providing an authoritative source that shows the color was primrose yellow, not white.", "claim_text": "The Duchess of Cambridge, Kate Middleton, wore white at Prince Harry and Meghan Markle's wedding. ", "claim_images": ["67b620ab886de82ea94891f0#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@ArchewellBaby", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://x.com/ArchewellBaby/status/1616136772584366081", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240806103412/https://www.aap.com.au/factcheck/voice-private-company-claim-is-silly-business/", "date": "2023-05-24", "label": "Refuted", "location": "AU", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240304224036/https://www.ato.gov.au/businesses-and-organisations/corporate-tax-measures-and-assurance/government-entities/abn-registration-for-government", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The Voice to Parliament would need an application for a goverment organisation ABN registration, and would not be able to register as a private company."}], "question": "Can the proposed Aboriginal and Torres Strait Island Voice to Parliament be registered as a private company?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://abr.business.gov.au/ABN/View?abn=34634076850", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "According to the ABN details for \"Indigenous Voice Pty Ltd\" the company is associated with the business name \"MOB VOICE\". There is no mention or connection to the proposed \"Aboriginal and Torres Strait Island Voice\""}], "question": "Does Indigenous Voice Pty Ltd have any connection to the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Voice?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is  successfully refuted by proving that a government entity such as Indigenous Voice Party cannot obtain an ABN registration, and that Indigenous Voice Party is not another name for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Island Voice.", "claim_text": "The proposed Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander voice to parliament has been registered as a private company.", "claim_images": ["67b64aad886de82ea948b19d#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Gary J Matthews", "transcription": "Navigation ABN details help Entity name: INDIGENOUS VOICE PTY LTD ABN status: Active from 12 Jun 2019 Entity type: Australian Private Company Goods & Services Tax (GST): Registered from 12 Jun 2019 Main business location: NSW 2007", "media_source": "https://archive.is/Eiej2/ab9e386cf40e1312fc91c7fbe2b5ae6a257772a4.jpg", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.is/Eiej2", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230528230745/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.33DR2AE", "date": "2023-04-12", "label": "Refuted", "location": "TR", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67b65f42886de82ea948b218#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Turkey: Harran (Haran)", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230608221643/https://www.padfield.com/turkey/harran/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where was this photo taken?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/ULX3-S3XR", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "There is no mention that There is no mention that Fatima lived in or visited Turkey. F\u0101\u1e6dimah accompanied Muhammad when he emigrated from Mecca to Medina in 622."}], "question": "Did the Prophet Mohammed's daughter Fatima live in Turkey?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that the image shows a house in Turkey and that Fatima, Mohammed's daughter, had only lived in Mecca and Medina.", "claim_text": "Photo shows house of Prophet Mohammed's daughter", "claim_images": ["67b65f42886de82ea948b218#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Fahim Islam Ishan", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://rejouer.perma.cc/replay-web-page/w/id-096d402606a8/im_/https://scontent-iad3-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/340532740_778709977206515_72347151692086728_n.jpg?stp=dst-jpg_s640x640&_nc_cat=102&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=5cd70e&_nc_ohc=TfiH6RVOM2MAX8-r42-&_nc_ht=scontent-iad3-1.xx&oh=00_AfCu1FM9DjHDXaQN2jSWQmJvYMZkszzfylILzvg02uEAsg&oe=644A2D48", "original_claim_url": "https://perma.cc/2PZS-BYVN", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Reverse Image Search", "Keyword Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240621163848/https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2023/03/fact-check-photos-of-john-fetterman-do-not-show-evidence-that-he-has-been-replaced-by-body-double.html", "date": "2023-03-24", "label": "Refuted", "location": "", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67b664fb886de82ea948b379#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The picture is from February 7, 2023 posted by Fetterman's official twitter account.", "source_url": "https://x.com/SenFettermanPA/status/1623121710269575168", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the picture taken?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b664fb886de82ea948b379#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The picture provided by the Fetterman campaign, was published during Fetterman's campaign for Senate on the website of the WESA, Pittsburgh's NPR News Station in a May 22, 2022, article titled, \"John Fetterman leaves Lancaster hospital for Braddock to recover from stroke.\"", "source_url": "https://www.wesa.fm/politics-government/2022-05-22/john-fetterman-leaves-lancaster-hospital-for-braddock-to-recover-from-stroke", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the picture published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related", "Metadata-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b664fb886de82ea948b379#INPUT#2#0.jpg", "67b664fb886de82ea948b379#INPUT#2#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The pictures were taken almost 9 months apart.", "source_url": "https://appen-images.averitec.eu/phase_2", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Were the two pictures taken 3 weeks apart?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b664fb886de82ea948b379#INPUT#3#0.jpg", "67b664fb886de82ea948b379#INPUT#3#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://appen-images.averitec.eu/phase_2", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Both pictures are of John Fetterman."}], "question": "Is John Fetterman shown in both pictures?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that each photo came from a reputable source and that each shows John Fetterman.", "claim_text": "Recently released photos show some inexplicable changes to John Fetterman's appearance -- evidence that a clone has been substituted for the real senator from Pennsylvania.", "claim_images": ["67b664fb886de82ea948b379#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67b664fb886de82ea948b379#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@catturd2", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://twitter.com/SenFettermanPA/status/1623121710269575168", "original_claim_url": "https://x.com/catturd2/status/1639388561395924995", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Media Source Discovery", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240909214013/https://www.newsweek.com/fact-check-was-us-flag-capitol-flown-upside-down-1800960", "date": "2023-05-16", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67b66bb6886de82ea948b79a#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "6:05 PM \u00b7 May 16, 2023\n from Washington, DC", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524175003/https://twitter.com/rawsalerts/status/1658534131100266497", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was this image taken?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240909235700/https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/4/8#:~:text=No%20disrespect%20should%20be%20shown,as%20a%20mark%20of%20honor.", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The U.S. Flag Code states \"The flag should never be displayed with the union down, except as a signal of dire distress in instances of extreme danger to life or property.\""}], "question": "Does an upside down US flag signal distress and needing rescue?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "X user @rawsalerts first posted a photo at 6:05 pm on May 16, 2023 captioned \"U.S. Flag at Top of Senate on U.S. Capitol Flies Upside Down.\" However, an hour later the user posted an update stating \"\ud83d\udea8#UPDATE: The us American flag is no longer upside down as a staff member from the us capital has fixed the flag.\" Therefore, the flag was flying upside down due to user error and not as a distress signal.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524175003/https://twitter.com/rawsalerts/status/1658534131100266497", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "On May 16th 2023 was the US flag flying upside down over the Senate building signaling distress and needing rescue?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b66bb6886de82ea948b79a#INPUT#3#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": " The us American flag is no longer upside down as a staff member from the us capital has fixed the flag\n", "source_url": "https://x.com/rawsalerts/status/1658539492658098176", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Was the flag intentionally displayed upside down on  May 16th 2023?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The flag was upside down due to user error and was corrected shortly after, not as a distress signal.", "claim_text": "On May 16th 2023, the US flag was flying upside down over Senate building signaling distress and needing rescue", "claim_images": ["67b66bb6886de82ea948b79a#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "DC_Draino", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FwRM192WIAEQQlx?format=jpg&name=medium", "original_claim_url": "https://x.com/DC_Draino/status/1658535058183954432", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": [], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240807054649/https://fullfact.org/online/fake-missing-dog-norfolk/", "date": "2023-05-16", "label": "Refuted", "location": "GB", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67b66e55886de82ea948b80b#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/groups/2460099310931772/posts/3506265396315153/", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "A post with the same image and a similar message states that the dog was found in Goderich, Canada."}], "question": "Was this photograph shared with a similar message in a different location?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related", "Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "Yes, Derbyshire Police posted a warning regarding scam found dog posts, noting that if the posts have comments disabled they are likely spam.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240807054649/https://www.facebook.com/DerbysOnlineSafety/posts/pfbid02tiwPLT1gdjn619wmSCgW1EgAVdYXWCLdsMH4cfYcBm3qZSptEzmDWbyYdX1gsuZYl", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Is there any indication that this post may be a hoax?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b66e55886de82ea948b80b#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Unanswerable", "answer_text": "No answer could be found."}], "question": "Where was the image in the post first published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim about an unchipped dog being found at various locations across the UK is false. The image was shared with a similar message about the dog being found in Canada, and there are indications this could be a hoax, as warned by Derbyshire Police regarding scam found dog posts.", "claim_text": "A photograph shows an unchipped dog that has been found in the road at various locations across the UK.", "claim_images": ["67b66e55886de82ea948b80b#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Grace Williams", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://scontent.fdet1-2.fna.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/470601073_499524843145069_6411750937040207431_n.jpg?stp=dst-jpg_p526x296_tt6&_nc_cat=105&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=aa7b47&_nc_ohc=CiGc9wEPy4MQ7kNvgHNujnN&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent.fdet1-2.fna&_nc_gid=AQRsrH-lxhb-qJ63bJ7rJxx&oh=00_AYDj-Aa77wEECv90RtfmCd5RygUEKB0_qaEPxnryKrU1Fg&oe=6791FA2E", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/groups/240673039388931/posts/5974111612711683", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Image Analysis", "Fact-checker Reference"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": [], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240908213920/https://www.boomlive.in/fact-check/china-taiwan-congress-adani-chang-chung-ling-nationality-pmc-projects-21641", "date": "2023-04-06", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia.", "source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the official name of Taiwan?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b67483886de82ea948b9cc#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "According to PMC Projects Beneficial Ownership Document, Chang Chien-Ting's address is listed in the Taoyunan city, Taiwan and his nationality is listed as Republic of China.\n"}], "question": "What country is Chang Chien-Ting a national of?", "answer_method": "Image Analysis", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "China officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. ", "source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the official name of China?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that the Republic of China is the official name for Taiwan.", "claim_text": "Chang Chien-Ting, an associate of the Adani Group, is a Chinese national", "claim_images": ["67b67483886de82ea948b9cc#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67b67483886de82ea948b9cc#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Indian National Congress", "transcription": "2. Particulars of the holder of the significant beneficial interest: Name of the Significant Beneficial Owner (Given name and last Name) Chang Chien-Ting Address and Email id 11F-1, No.290, Xianfu Road, Taoyuan Dist. , Taoyunan city, Taiwan. pmcinfra.maut@gmail.com Date of Birth/Age 14-November-1978/41 Father's/ Mother's/ Spouse's name Mr. Chang Chung Ling Occupation Business Nationality Republic of China Passport No. (in case of foreign national) 316345230", "media_source": "https://x.com/INCIndia/status/1643955097108459522", "original_claim_url": "https://twitter.com/INCIndia/status/1643955097108459522", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted"], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230404063213/https://cambodia.factcrescendo.com/english/an-old-news-of-pheng-vannaks-arrest-falsely-recirculated/", "date": "2023-03-16", "label": "Refuted", "location": "KH", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://archive.vn/o0HHK", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The investigating judge of the Phnom Penh Municipal Court has decided to charge Pheng Vannak, 49, with \u201cincitement to commit a major crime and public defamation\u201d committed in Phnom Penh through a Facebook page named Pheng Vannak New on March 29, 2019."}], "question": "Was Pheng Vannak arrested in 2023?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b6760a886de82ea948ba82#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "April 3, 2019", "source_url": "https://archive.vn/o0HHK", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image on the left in this photo published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "2019; Deputy Chief Justice of Phnom Penh Municipal Court and Investigating Judge Mr. Ky Manera on April 3, 2019,Decided to issue an order ordering military police authorities across the country to bring the accused named Pheng Vann to detention at Prey Sar Prison at approximately 12:40 p.m. today.\nThe investigating judge of the Phnom Penh Municipal Court has decided to charge Pheng Vannak, 49, with \u201cincitement to commit a major crime and public defamation\u201d committed in Phnom Penh through a Facebook page named Pheng Vannak New on March 29, 2019, a crime punishable under Articles 494 and 495, Article 305 of the Criminal Code of the Kingdom of Cambodia. ", "source_url": "https://cen.com.kh/archives/129464.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was Pheng Vannak charged with \"incitement to commit a crime in particular, public defamation.\"", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that the image is from 2019, not 2023.", "claim_text": "Pheng Vannak got arrested", "claim_images": ["67b6760a886de82ea948ba82#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "24 Hot Topic", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://archive.vn/oaneU/bf6a4cc3768341149a6d306f3ca0471abe37a56b.jpg", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.vn/oaneU", "reporting_source": "24 Hot Topic", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search", "Fact-checker Reference"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": [], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240619201914/https://newschecker.in/fact-check/viral-photo-does-not-show-malaysia-airlines-aircraft-mh370/", "date": "2023-04-30", "label": "Refuted", "location": "JO", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230311025011/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/03/09/mh370-malaysia-missing-plane-netflix/", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Despite an extensive search involving more than 30 countries and 140 ships, the airliner has never been found."}], "question": "Has Malaysia Airlines flight MH370 been found?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b6772c886de82ea948bbbb#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.instagram.com/p/CqtUBbwrBVY/", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The image originated from a video of the Tristar Airplane Wreck in the Red Sea, Aqaba."}], "question": "Does the image show Malaysia Airlines flight MH370?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b6772c886de82ea948bbbb#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The image is a screengrab from a clip posted by @deepbluedivecenter on Instagram captioned \"Tristar Airplane Wreck\"", "source_url": "https://www.instagram.com/p/CqtUBbwrBVY/", "source_medium": "Video"}], "question": "Where did the image in the post originate?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that the image is from an airplane downed in the Red Sea, and is not the MH370 flight.", "claim_text": "MH370, the Malaysia Airlines Flight that disappeared nine-year-ago has been found under the ocean with \u201cno human skeletons.\u201d", "claim_images": ["67b6772c886de82ea948bbbb#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Isaac Waihenya", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://archive.ph/1Zyjp/75ac2156b309ed01e98dc91f5fcbaea1a9eb3381.jpg", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.ph/1Zyjp", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery", "Reverse Image Search", "Keyword Search", "Image Analysis", "Video Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230603184713/https://newsmobile.in/articles/2023/03/10/fact-check-images-of-postal-stamp-issued-for-pm-modi-by-turkey-in-2015-viral-with-misleading-claims/", "date": "2023-03-10", "label": "Refuted", "location": "TR", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230322223254/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/turkey-issues-special-stamp-featuring-pm-narendra-modi/articleshow/49834939.cms?from=mdr", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "A personalised postage stamp featuring Prime Minister Narendra was issued by Turkey in remembrance of the just concluded G20 Leaders Summit.\nIn all, 33 stamps including of the leaders of the 19 biggest and most powerful economies of the world and the European Union were issued."}], "question": "Did the Turkish government issue a postal stamp featuring PM Narendra Modi as a mark of gratitude for the aid India provided after a recent earthquake?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b67a19886de82ea948bd2d#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Personalized stamps of G20 Turkey Summit Leaders are seen after they were presented by Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan (not seen) in remembrance of G20 Turkey Leaders Summit in Antalya, Turkey on November 16, 2015. Kayhan Ozer / Anadolu Agency", "source_url": "https://www.flickr.com/photos/g20_turkey/23039253766/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where did this photo originate?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is refuted by proving that the stamp was issued in 2015, not recently.", "claim_text": "The Turkish government issued a postal stamp featuring PM Narendra Modi as a mark of gratitude for the aid India provided after the recent earthquake.", "claim_images": ["67b67a19886de82ea948bd2d#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": [], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240719135856/https://www.boomlive.in/fact-check/dps-goa-viral-post-fact-check-satire-bikini-21517", "date": "2023-03-29", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The post was first uploaded by @thekatvaindiaa on Instagram", "source_url": "Metadata", "source_medium": "Metadata"}], "question": "Where was the claim first published?", "answer_method": "Metadata", "question_type": ["Metadata-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "A similar instagram handle @katvaIndia was designed to look like the right wing page TheTatva and a take on a pejorative slur used for Muslims in India. The page @katvaIndia often posts satirical news.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240806164822/https://www.boomlive.in/fact-check/viral-post-about-muslim-bts-fan-playing-dynamite-instead-of-azaan-is-satire-13722", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Is @thekatvaindiaa on Instagram a reliable source?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240812133353/https://dpsfamily.org/school-in-india9.html", "source_medium": "Web table", "boolean_explanation": "There is no Delhi Public School in Goa."}], "question": "Does Delhi Public school have a branch in Goa?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that the source is satirical and that Goa does not have a Delhi Public School.", "claim_text": "Delhi Public School in Goa recently gave permission to its female students to wear bikinis to school amid rising temperatures", "claim_images": ["67b67b47886de82ea948be49#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Warning m bored", "transcription": "DPS Goa allows bikni as girl's school uniform for summers as they find Goa's weather too hot and humid.", "media_source": "https://scontent-det1-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/472166139_980478143937351_6816585590063255417_n.jpg?_nc_cat=107&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=833d8c&_nc_ohc=w0zN31eSssgQ7kNvgHoI_ul&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-det1-1.xx&_nc_gid=AC5nepFkQ8082BlfEB7METa&oh=00_AYA1Caz9ntC5s3mqRQmO7s8BVSG-C9uyFXgFt2udm3eTtA&oe=67962B2D", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=611665247485311&set=a.182201173765056", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Satirical Source Identification", "Keyword Search", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230525184650/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2023/03/02/fact-check-us-annual-temperatures-rising-consistently/11367550002/", "date": "2023-02-28", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/monitoring/climate-at-a-glance/national/time-series/110/tavg/ann/1/1895-2023?base_prd=true&begbaseyear=1901&endbaseyear=2000&trend=true&trend_base=10&begtrendyear=2005&endtrendyear=2022", "source_medium": "Image/graphic", "boolean_explanation": "Plotting annual data shows the U.S. has experienced a 0.42\u00b0 increase in temperature per decade over the last 18 years."}], "question": "Has the U.S. experienced a temperature increase over the last 18 years?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Changes to Earth\u2019s climate driven by increased human emissions of heat-trapping greenhouse gases are already having widespread effects on the environment: glaciers and ice sheets are shrinking, river and lake ice is breaking up earlier, plant and animal geographic ranges are shifting, and plants and trees are blooming sooner.\n\nEffects that scientists had long predicted would result from global climate change are now occurring, such as sea ice loss, accelerated sea level rise, and longer, more intense heat waves.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230526021309/https://climate.nasa.gov/effects/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "How do emissions cause global warming?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230420210701/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2023/02/27/fact-check-scientists-say-carbon-dioxide-levels-affect-climate/11275148002/", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Carbon dioxide is used in photosynthesis, but plants and other natural processes can absorb only about half of the CO2 emitted yearly. The excess CO2 contributes to global warming."}], "question": "Do CO2 emissions affect the climate?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b699ff886de82ea948c079#INPUT#3#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "boolean_explanation": "The graph shows a higher average temperature across the months when compared to their long term averages."}], "question": "Does the graphic in the image show an increase in temperature anomalies over time?", "answer_method": "Image Analysis", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b699ff886de82ea948c079#INPUT#4#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "While the graphic shows an increase in temperature anomalies over time, a more reliable graphic showing temperature trends would show data that compares periods or seasons over time."}], "question": "Would the chart in the image properly show temperature trends?", "answer_method": "Image Analysis", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b699ff886de82ea948c079#INPUT#5#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "Less than two decades of data is still not ideal for climate analysis, Gleason said.\n\n\"Climate is often considered to be the average of weather over the span of decades to hundreds of years, so 18 years is on the light end of 'climate,'\" she said. \"If we change the trend period to the last 40 years, the trend becomes +0.45\u00b0 per decade, which is very similar.\"\n\n"}], "question": "Could climate be analyzed by less than too decades of data?", "answer_method": "Image Analysis", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim that the U.S. hasn't warmed in 18 years is false. Data shows a temperature increase of 0.42\u00b0 per decade over the past 18 years. Furthermore, short-term data (18 years) is not ideal for analyzing long-term climate trends.", "claim_text": "The US hasn't warmed in 18 years, so emissions-driven warming is a hoax", "claim_images": ["67b699ff886de82ea948c079#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "quickclip_news", "transcription": "Zero US warming in 18 years, per US Climate Reference Network temp stations. That's no US warming despite 30% of total manmade CO2. Emissions-driven warming is a hoax.", "media_source": "https://archive.org/download/uswarming/uswarming.PNG", "original_claim_url": "", "reporting_source": "Instagram", "claim_types": ["Numerical Claim", "Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Numerical Comparison", "Consultation", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted", "Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20231130044807/https://www.aap.com.au/factcheck/climate-claim-boms-in-attempt-to-rewrite-temperature-history/", "date": "2023-01-17", "label": "Refuted", "location": "AU", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Australia\u2019s climate has warmed by an average of 1.47 +- 0.24 \u00b0C since national records began in 1910.\n", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20231201174214/http://www.bom.gov.au/state-of-the-climate/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What did the State of the Climate 2022 report say about Australia's climate warming?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "1910; While some temperature records for a number of locations stretch back into the mid-nineteenth century, the Bureau's national analysis begins in 1910.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20231130173855/http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/data/acorn-sat/#tabs=Early-data", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When did Australian national temperature records begin?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "2022 was Australia's equal-22nd-warmest year on record, compared to all years since 1910, and the coolest year since 2012.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20231209212703/http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/current/annual/aus/#tabs=Overview", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What did the BOM's annual climate statement 2022 report about 2022 compared to all years since 1910?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving with scientific evidence that temperatures have warmed, not cooled.", "claim_text": "Temperatures in Australia have cooled over the last 100 years.", "claim_images": ["67b69b01886de82ea948c112#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Gary J Matthews", "transcription": "Some of the highest recorded daily maximum temperatures in Australia", "media_source": "https://www-media.aap.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/10143625/AustTemps.png", "original_claim_url": "", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Numerical Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Numerical Comparison", "Consultation", "Media Source Discovery"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20231227143054/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2023/02/27/fact-check-scientists-say-carbon-dioxide-levels-affect-climate/11275148002/", "date": "2023-02-09", "label": "Refuted", "location": "AU", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240131161447/https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-annual-greenhouse-gas-index", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "By the end of 2021, NOAA reported that the AGGI was 1.49, meaning the direct warming influence of human-produced greenhouse gases had risen 49 percent above the 1990 baseline. Most of the total heating imbalance (66 percent) is due to carbon dioxide. "}], "question": "Is there a correlation between carbon dioxide emissions and climate change?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b6a14b886de82ea948c1a3#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The chart is from a 2001 paper by researchers at Yale University titled \"Effect of GCM Model Parameters\" and illustrates 3 illustrates the effect on RCO2 of changing the sensitivity of global mean temperature and global river runoff to changes in CO2 and solar radiation ", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20231114232926/https://earth.geology.yale.edu/~ajs/2001/Feb/qn020100182.pdf", "source_medium": "PDF"}], "question": "Where did the chart on the top right of the claim originate?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b6a14b886de82ea948c1a3#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20231114232926/https://earth.geology.yale.edu/~ajs/2001/Feb/qn020100182.pdf", "source_medium": "PDF", "boolean_explanation": "In the 2001 paper by researchers at Yale University the chart is titled \"Effect of GCM Model Parameters\" and illustrates 3 illustrates the effect on RCO2 of changing the sensitivity of global mean temperature and global river runoff to changes in CO2 and solar radiation "}], "question": "Does the title \"CO2 famine for the past several tens of milions of years\" appear in the original paper where the chart on the top right was first published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b6a14b886de82ea948c1a3#INPUT#3#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "boolean_explanation": "The graph does not include a citation or source"}], "question": "Does the graph on the left include a citation for where the data was sourced?", "answer_method": "Image Analysis", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving with scientific evidence from NOAA that there is a correlation between carbon dioxide emissions and climate change. Also, evidence is produced that a chart associated with the claim was manipulated.", "claim_text": "There\u2019s no correlation between carbon dioxide & climate", "claim_images": ["67b6a14b886de82ea948c1a3#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67b6a14b886de82ea948c1a3#CLAIM#1.jpg", "67b6a14b886de82ea948c1a3#CLAIM#2.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Peter Clack", "transcription": "No correlation between CO2 concentration and temperature", "media_source": "https://twitter.com/PeterDClack/status/1623798107556425728", "original_claim_url": "https://twitter.com/PeterDClack/status/1623798107556425728", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Causal Claim", "Numerical Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Numerical Comparison", "Consultation", "Media Source Discovery"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted", "Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230528185239/https://www.boomlive.in/fact-check/muslim-man-dressed-as-sikh-old-video-fact-check-21452", "date": "2023-03-24", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67b7819963f044a004dac303#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The image was shot in March 28, 2011 when a cop detained a Sikh protester and forcefully removed his turban.\n\n", "source_url": "https://www.sikhnet.com/news/united-sikhs-files-criminal-complaint-against-punjab-police-removal-sikhs-turban", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When were the images first published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b7819963f044a004dac303#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "A Sikh youth, participating in a peaceful sit-in staged by retrenched rural veterinary pharmacists and employees, was pulled aside by police officials and his Turban was forcibly removed without cause. The police official responsible for the act is a Mohali Phase VIII Station House Officer (SHO), Sub-Inspector Kulbhushan, and he said he acted on orders from Mohali Superintendent of Police (SP)- Pritam Singh to remove the turban of the Sikh individual who had requested that his turban not be touched.", "source_url": "https://www.sikhnet.com/news/united-sikhs-files-criminal-complaint-against-punjab-police-removal-sikhs-turban", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the image show?\n", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that the image is from 2011 when a Sikh man was detained by police.", "claim_text": "Pakistan's spy agency Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) was sending Muslim men disguised as Sikhs to Punjab to participate in the Khalistani separatist movement.\n\n", "claim_images": ["67b7819963f044a004dac303#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67b7819963f044a004dac303#CLAIM#1.jpg", "67b7819963f044a004dac303#CLAIM#2.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Jagbani", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://epaper.jagbani.com/punjab/2023-03-24/jalandhar-main", "reporting_source": "Punjabi daily Jagbani", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim", "Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230321174744/https://en.youturn.in/factcheck/did-rahul-gandhi-meet-with-nathan-anderson-of-hindenburg-research.html", "date": "2023-02-08", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67b7899a63f044a004dac716#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The picture shows Rahul Gandhi with German minister Niels Annen on August 22, 2018.", "source_url": "https://indianexpress.com/article/india/rahul-gandhi-discusses-kerala-floods-gst-with-german-minister-in-hamburg-5319864/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who are the two men in the picture?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b7899a63f044a004dac716#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Congress President Rahul Gandhi on Tuesday August 22, 2018 met Germany's Minister of State at the Federal Foreign Office Niels Annen.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230319171112/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/rahul-gandhi-meets-german-minister-discusses-kerala-floods-1904687", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image taken?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that the person in the image with Gandhi is German minister Niels Annen ", "claim_text": "The image shows Rahul Gandhi and Nathan Anderson, founder of Hindenburg Research.", "claim_images": ["67b7899a63f044a004dac716#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Er Devi Prasanna Misra", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://twitter.com/misra_devi/status/1623435859059175424", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230210085733/https://twitter.com/misra_devi/status/1623435859059175424", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim", "Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230206030743/https://en.youturn.in/factcheck/6000-year-old-lord-rama-and-hanuman-carvings-in-iraq-factcheck.html", "date": "2023-01-18", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IQ", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67b7ae0663f044a004dad87a#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Iraqi scholars say the mural depicts Tardunni, the head of a mountain tribe. Similar etchings elsewhere in Iraq show kings and kneeling supplicants believed to be prisoners.\n", "source_url": "https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/ram-footprints-on-iraqs-cliff-indian-embassy-tracks-mural/articleshow/69950327.cms", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the image show?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b7ae0663f044a004dad87a#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://etc.worldhistory.org/travel/akkadian-rock-relief-belula-pass/", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "t was a long climb and search, but at last we found it! The rock-relief of Darband-i-Belula lies on the cliff side of Mount Darband-i-Belula in the Horen Shekhan area, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraqi Kurdistan, near the Iraq-Iran border (34\u00b052\u20193.61\u2033N, 45\u00b044\u20192.77\u2033E)."}], "question": "Was the carving shown in the image found in Iraq?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b7ae0663f044a004dad87a#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230201183041/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/ram-footprints-on-iraqs-cliff-indian-embassy-tracks-mural/articleshow/69950327.cms", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The carvings are of a victorious king Tardunni and two defeated enemies."}], "question": "Does the carving in the image depict Lord Rama and Hanuman?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that scholars believe the carving shows Tardunni, a victorious king.", "claim_text": "Image shows 6000-year-old carvings of Lord Rama and Hanuman found in Iraq.", "claim_images": ["67b7ae0663f044a004dad87a#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Mahaveer jain", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.is/HTzPl", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim", "Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Fact-checker Reference"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240415000049/https://www.thequint.com/news/webqoof/video-of-sikkim-avalanche-is-going-viral-as-from-amarnath-yatra-fact-check", "date": "2023-04-24", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67bba14be7ca833232a7b38c#INPUT#0#0.jpg", "67bba14be7ca833232a7b38c#INPUT#0#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The video  was taken on April 4, 2023", "source_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hgvQ4b_n0Eo", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the video taken?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related", "Metadata-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67bba14be7ca833232a7b38c#INPUT#1#0.jpg", "67bba14be7ca833232a7b38c#INPUT#1#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The video was taken in Sikkim.", "source_url": "https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/video-captures-moments-before-avalanche-that-killed-7-in-sikkim-5-points-101680624563991.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where was the video taken?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is refuted by proving that the avalanche occurred in Sikkim, not Jammu and Kashmir.", "claim_text": "Video shows people trapped under the snow in Amarnath, Jammu & Kashmir, following an avalanche. ", "claim_images": ["67bba14be7ca833232a7b38c#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67bba14be7ca833232a7b38c#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Ibrahim Laher", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240415000049/https://web.archive.org/web/20230426115033/https://www.facebook.com/login/?next=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2F100012079302106%2Fvideos%2F1309278513264667%2F", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim", "Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230320055324/https://www.indiatoday.in/fact-check/story/fact-check-photo-bleeding-afghani-activist-shared-domestic-violence-victim-pakistan-2337341-2023-02-20", "date": "2023-02-15", "label": "Refuted", "location": "PK", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67bba84ee7ca833232a7b55e#INPUT#0#0.jpg", "67bba84ee7ca833232a7b55e#INPUT#0#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.india.com/news/world/video-afghan-woman-activist-thrashed-by-taliban-as-protest-turns-violent-in-kabul-4934890/", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Kabul: A woman activist who participated in a protest in Kabul seeking political rights under the new Taliban regime was reportedly seen with a head injury, blood streaming down her face, reported news agency ANI. "}], "question": "Was the image of bloodied woman taken in Lahore, Pakistan?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related", "Metadata-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67bba84ee7ca833232a7b55e#INPUT#1#0.jpg", "67bba84ee7ca833232a7b55e#INPUT#1#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": " A woman activist who participated in a protest in Kabul seeking political rights under the new Taliban regime was reportedly seen with a head injury, blood streaming down her face, reported news agency ANI. Activist Nargis Saddat alleged that she was beaten up by the Taliban during a protest on Saturday led by women\u2019s rights activists.", "source_url": "https://www.india.com/news/world/video-afghan-woman-activist-thrashed-by-taliban-as-protest-turns-violent-in-kabul-4934890/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is the woman in the image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that the woman protester was beaten by Taliban in Kabul.", "claim_text": "Photo shows bleeding woman who was attacked by her husband in Lahore Pakistan with a knife, just because he did not like the food she cooked.", "claim_images": ["67bba84ee7ca833232a7b55e#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67bba84ee7ca833232a7b55e#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Sanatan Sangh", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.is/ComNp", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim", "Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search", "Keyword Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240619191754/https://www.sochfactcheck.com/old-images-wrongly-linked-to-2023-earthquake-in-pakistan/", "date": "2023-03-21", "label": "Refuted", "location": "PK", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67bbb028e7ca833232a7b931#INPUT#0#0.jpg", "67bbb028e7ca833232a7b931#INPUT#0#1.jpg", "67bbb028e7ca833232a7b931#INPUT#0#2.jpg", "67bbb028e7ca833232a7b931#INPUT#0#3.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The pictures were published by Getty images on 25 September 2019.", "source_url": "https://www.gettyimages.dk/detail/news-photo/pakistani-residents-stand-beside-a-collapsed-building-news-photo/1170772286", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When were the images first published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related", "Metadata-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67bbb028e7ca833232a7b931#INPUT#1#0.jpg", "67bbb028e7ca833232a7b931#INPUT#1#1.jpg", "67bbb028e7ca833232a7b931#INPUT#1#2.jpg", "67bbb028e7ca833232a7b931#INPUT#1#3.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The claim says the images were taken on 21 March 2023 when a powerful earthquake hit Pakistan.", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=pfbid0G1JnSgz8DXdoAc92rZz8Z1ob99FuNk4W8kEgToVMR9EeUCjDtVem8g7R17Wi3hMWl&id=100077676488356", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When are the images claimed to have been taken?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that the images are from 2019, not 2023.", "claim_text": "Different images on social media show damaged houses that collapsed after a sizable earthquake hit a number of countries, including Pakistan, on 21 March 2023.", "claim_images": ["67bbb028e7ca833232a7b931#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67bbb028e7ca833232a7b931#CLAIM#1.jpg", "67bbb028e7ca833232a7b931#CLAIM#2.jpg", "67bbb028e7ca833232a7b931#CLAIM#3.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "M Yaseen Malak", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://ghostarchive.org/archive/xJRVl", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim", "Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230509105601/https://www.indiatoday.in/fact-check/story/fact-check-half-human-half-pig-hybrid-doesnt-exist-its-a-silicone-sculpture-2350129-2023-03-22", "date": "2023-03-22", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67bc841f1f8dd18d53d93ccb#INPUT#0#0.jpg", "67bc841f1f8dd18d53d93ccb#INPUT#0#1.jpg", "67bc841f1f8dd18d53d93ccb#INPUT#0#2.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The pictures were first posted by an Italian artist Laira Maganuco on her website.", "source_url": "https://lairamaganuco.com/baby-maialino-ibrido/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where do the images originate from?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "Laira Maganuco specialises in creating hyper-realistic sculptures. This image of a \"hybrid baby-pig\", too, is one of the products of her many artworks.", "source_url": "https://lairamaganuco.com/baby-maialino-ibrido/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is Laira Maganuco?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving the image is an artist's sculpture.", "claim_text": "Photos show a half human half pig human that has been born. ", "claim_images": ["67bc841f1f8dd18d53d93ccb#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67bc841f1f8dd18d53d93ccb#CLAIM#1.jpg", "67bc841f1f8dd18d53d93ccb#CLAIM#2.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Alel Jay", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.is/DJApx", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim", "Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240622132326/https://newschecker.in/fact-check/no-rohit-sharma-did-not-donate-blood-to-rishabh-pant/", "date": "2022-12-30", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67bc8ce51f8dd18d53d9400c#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "Rohit Sharma had tweeted the image on his twitter, on November 11, 2016 to update his followers on a thigh surgery in London after he sustained an injury during his match against New Zealand in October 2016. ", "source_url": "https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/rohit-sharma-undergoes-thigh-surgery-in-london-long-road-to-recovery-begins/story-v845wjt1BIhfWQZpTcEh0O.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image first published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related", "Metadata-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.insidesport.in/rishabh-pant-accident-rohit-sharma-speaks-with-doctors-on-rishabh-pants-health-fans-call-bcci-throughout-day-to-know-updates-check-out/", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "InsideSport dated December 31, 2022 said that the \u201cIndia team captain, Rohit Sharma who is currently in the Maldives spoke with the doctors that are currently treating Rishabh Pant.\""}], "question": "Did Rohit Sharma leave Maldives to dotate blood to Rishabh Pant?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that the image shows Sharma after thigh surgery in 2016 and that Pant was injured in 2022.", "claim_text": "Cricketer Rohit Sharma missed his daughter\u2019s birthday party, returned from Maldives and donated blood to Rishabh Pant after his car accident.\n\n", "claim_images": ["67bc8ce51f8dd18d53d9400c#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Ayush@RofiedAyush", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.is/6ZaDD", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim", "Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230123234326/http://www.ktvb.com/article/news/verify/world-verify/photo-of-q-shaman-brazil-not-from-january-bolsonaro-protests-fact-check/536-5d427936-c62f-4e4d-a633-24f105b38427", "date": "2023-01-08", "label": "Refuted", "location": "BR", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67bc9b071f8dd18d53d94ef8#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The image was published on September 7th, 2021.", "source_url": "https://www.diariodocentrodomundo.com.br/bolsonarista-fantasia-viking-capitolio/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image first published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related", "Metadata-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67bc9b071f8dd18d53d94ef8#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The photo shows the costumed protester to another pro-Bolsonaro protest, held in Sao Paulo, in September 2021. ", "source_url": "https://www.diariodocentrodomundo.com.br/bolsonarista-fantasia-viking-capitolio/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the image show?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that the image is of a Bolsanaor supporter at a rally in Brazil.", "claim_text": "Photo shows a man dressed as a Q Shamen at recent political protests in Brazil.", "claim_images": ["67bc9b071f8dd18d53d94ef8#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67bc9b071f8dd18d53d94ef8#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Hodgetwins@hodgetwins", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230110011142/https://twitter.com/hodgetwins/status/1612218060638658560", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim", "Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240527060603/https://en.youturn.in/factcheck/these-are-not-burns-from-acid-rain-in-ohio.html", "date": "2023-02-14", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67bcaf0f1f8dd18d53d9bb90#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The image shows a volunteer victim for training with fake blisters.", "source_url": "https://www.reddit.com/r/pics/comments/t3mth/volunteered_to_be_a_victim_for_training_today/?rdt=39493", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the image show?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67bcaf0f1f8dd18d53d9bb90#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The image is found posted around 13 years ago on the Reddit webpage.", "source_url": "https://www.reddit.com/r/pics/comments/t3mth/volunteered_to_be_a_victim_for_training_today/?rdt=39493", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image first posted?", "answer_method": "Metadata", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67bcaf0f1f8dd18d53d9bb90#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.foxnews.com/health/what-are-hookworms-3-things-to-know-about-the-intestinal-parasite", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The image shows an example of hookworm rash, contracted by Kelli Mullhollen's son Michael Dumas while on the beach in Florida."}], "question": "Does the image show a third-degree burn from acid rain?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving the images are of fake blisters and a hookworm rash.", "claim_text": "People are getting third-degree burns from acid rain in Ohio and Pennsylvania in the USA.", "claim_images": ["67bcaf0f1f8dd18d53d9bb90#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67bcaf0f1f8dd18d53d9bb90#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Terry Wilson @CaptainCrook6", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230304000021/https://twitter.com/captaincrook6/status/1625639437848743938?s=46&t=xgAq3W1R9g8Mx2JEQ2afIA", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Causal Claim", "Event/Property Claim", "Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230118113205/https://newsmobile.in/articles/2023/01/16/fact-check-old-image-from-2012-linked-to-recent-plane-crash-in-nepal/", "date": "2023-01-15", "label": "Refuted", "location": "NP", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67bcc0251f8dd18d53d9f89d#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The image is of a Nepal plane crash \u2013 photo by Reuters\u201d in an article by IB Times, dated February 17, 2014.", "source_url": "https://www.ibtimes.co.in/wreckage-of-lost-nepal-plane-found-18-onboard-killed-in-crash-539126", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image first published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related", "Metadata-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67bcc0251f8dd18d53d9f89d#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": " The image shows the wreckage of a Dornier aircraft, owned by private firm Sita Air, at the crash site in Kathmandu on September 28, 2012.", "source_url": "https://www.ibtimes.co.in/wreckage-of-lost-nepal-plane-found-18-onboard-killed-in-crash-539126", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Which airplane is shown in the image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67bcc0251f8dd18d53d9f89d#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The image is from September 28, 2012, and shows the wreckage of a Sita Air Dornier aircraft that crashed in Kathmandu.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230118113205/https://www.instagram.com/p/CnbXuFAvxye/?utm_source=ig_embed&ig_rid=60851700-9fd5-4613-bb9c-617f3720eec2", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the actual origin of the image circulating with claims about the 2023 Nepal plane crash?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67bcc0251f8dd18d53d9f89d#INPUT#3#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "A reverse image search revealed that Reuters had originally published the image in 2012, confirming it was unrelated to the 2023 Yeti Airlines crash."}], "question": " How was the false claim about the image debunked?", "answer_method": "Image Analysis", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "Based on evidence, the image shows the wreckage of a Dornier aircraft, owned by private firm Sita Air, at the crash site in Kathmandu on September 28, 2012.", "claim_text": "Photo shows Yeti Airlines ATR 72 aircraft, carrying 72 people, crashed into a gorge minutes before landing at the Pokhara airport in Nepal on January 15, 2022.", "claim_images": ["67bcc0251f8dd18d53d9f89d#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "dixit_parihar/", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://www.instagram.com/p/CnbXuFAvxye/?ig_rid=60851700-9fd5-4613-bb9c-617f3720eec2", "reporting_source": "Instagram", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim", "Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240622134246/https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2023/01/fact-check-human-elephant-hybrid-is-not-real-did-not-attract-hindu-pilgrims-to-norway.html", "date": "2023-01-23", "label": "Refuted", "location": "NO", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67bceb7b1f8dd18d53da660b#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": " The image was posted on Piccinini's verified Instagram account (below) on November 28, 2019. ", "source_url": "https://www.instagram.com/p/B5bN_TVA3AA/?hl=en", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image first posted?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67bceb7b1f8dd18d53da660b#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The image shows the hyper-realistic sculpture. The image is captioned:\n\nNewborn, 2010\nSilicone, fibreglass, human hair, feral New Zealand possum pelt ", "source_url": "https://www.instagram.com/p/B5bN_TVA3AA/?hl=en", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the image show?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving the image is an artist's sculpture.", "claim_text": "A baby with elephant-like facial features has been born in Norway and thousands of Hindu people flocked to see it. ", "claim_images": ["67bceb7b1f8dd18d53da660b#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Nane", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240715235739/https://latedaily.com/this-%D0%B0l%D1%96e%D0%BF-is-described-as-a-man-with-human-like-limbs-and-the-%D2%BBe%D0%B0d-of-an-elephant-nam/", "reporting_source": "Latedaily.com", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim", "Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241213103444/https://fullfact.org/online/brexit-map-mad-cow-disease/", "date": "2023-05-23", "label": "Refuted", "location": "GB", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67bcf3b11f8dd18d53da6d34#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The map shown is a graphic from the BBC\u2019s EU referendum local results map from 2016.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241217180322/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/politics/eu_referendum/results", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the original source of the map shown in the image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67bcf3b11f8dd18d53da6d34#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "Both maps show the exact same image; the map on the left is shown in grayscale and the map on the right is shown in color."}], "question": "Are the two maps shown in the image identical?", "answer_method": "Image Analysis", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240909183216/https://hansard.parliament.uk/commons/1992-07-06/debates/eb54a682-2b05-4e30-b853-12f66b87b878/BovineSpongiformEncephalopathy#:~:text=As%20the%20hon.%20Member%20for%20South%20Shields%20knows%2C%20farmers%20in%20my%20constituency%20and%20in%20Scotland%20report%20a%20very%20low%20incidence%20of%20BSE", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Records from a debate on July 6 1992 state \"Scotland has had a very low incidence of BSE.\" [Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy, aka mad cow disease]"}], "question": "Were there any cases of mad cow disease in Scotland in 1992?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that Scotland did have mad cow disease occurrences, despite that the map shows it didn't.", "claim_text": "A graphic shows that areas that voted to leave the EU in the 2016 referendum perfectly align with areas that had mad cow disease outbreaks in 1992.", "claim_images": ["67bcf3b11f8dd18d53da6d34#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "No Context Brits", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://twitter.com/NoContextBrits/status/1661084134293291010", "reporting_source": "X", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim", "Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Reverse Image Search", "Fact-checker Reference"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230325195139/https://srilanka.factcrescendo.com/english/this-image-does-not-show-snow-falling-in-the-kandy-district/", "date": "2023-03-05", "label": "Refuted", "location": "LK", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67bcfdda1f8dd18d53da6ddd#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The photo was taken in  Getambe, Peradeniya.", "source_url": "www.google.com/maps", "source_medium": "Other"}], "question": "Where was the picture taken?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67bcfdda1f8dd18d53da6ddd#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=146477136307912", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "No snow is falling in Peradeniya, and the number of Roberosia plants located along with Galaha road Peradeniya may contribute to such things."}], "question": "Does the photo show snow in the Kandy district?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67bcfdda1f8dd18d53da6ddd#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Peradeniya has a tropical climate with high temperatures and humidity, making snowfall highly unlikely. Sri Lanka, located near the equator, has never recorded natural snowfall.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230325195139/https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=146477136307912", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Is snowfall possible in Peradeniya, Sri Lanka?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67bcfdda1f8dd18d53da6ddd#INPUT#3#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "xperts suggest the image could show plant debris, such as flowers from the Roberosia plant, mist, or dew reflecting light, rather than actual snow."}], "question": "What are some alternative explanations for the white appearance in the image?", "answer_method": "Image Analysis", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "Based on QA, Peradeniya has a tropical climate with high temperatures and humidity, making snowfall highly unlikely. Sri Lanka, located near the equator, has never recorded natural snowfall. Besides, experts suggest the image could show plant debris, such as flowers from the Roberosia plant, mist, or dew reflecting light, rather than actual snow.", "claim_text": "Picture shows snow near the famous Getambe temple in Peradeniya, Kandy in Sri Lanka. ", "claim_images": ["67bcfdda1f8dd18d53da6ddd#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Akurana Force", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/AkuranaForce/posts/750205759810423?_rdc=2&_rdr#", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim", "Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Consultation", "Geolocation"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240909050655/https://www.boomlive.in/fact-check/economy/queue-bank-of-baroda-branch-al-ain-uae-after-closure-notice-shared-with-false-claim-21181", "date": "2023-02-25", "label": "Refuted", "location": "AE", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67bd07971f8dd18d53da7b3a#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The picture was taken next to the Bank of Baroda branch, Al Ain according to  Google Maps.\n", "source_url": "www.google.com/maps", "source_medium": "Image/graphic"}], "question": "Where was the picture taken?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "\n\nCustomers were visiting the Al Ain branch to give further instructions about their accounts at the Al Ain branch since the Al Ain branch are being transferred to the Bank's Abu Dhabi branch in UAE. \n ", "source_url": "https://twitter.com/bankofbaroda/status/1629831450177736704", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Why people were waiting in line?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67bd07971f8dd18d53da7b3a#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The photo is from a branch in Al Ain, UAE, which was closing for unrelated reasons, and customers were there for account transfers.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240909050655/https://twitter.com/bankofbaroda/status/1629831450177736704", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Does the viral photo show Bank of Baroda customers closing accounts due to the Adani controversy?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67bd07971f8dd18d53da7b3a#INPUT#3#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The branch was closing on March 22, 2023, and customers were managing their account transfers to another location in Abu Dhabi."}], "question": "Why were customers queuing outside the Bank of Baroda branch in the UAE?", "answer_method": "Image Analysis", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "Based on evidence, customers were visiting the Al Ain Bank of Baroda branch to give instructions about their accounts since the Al Ain branch was being transferred to the Bank's Abu Dhabi branch in UAE. In other words, the branch was closing on March 22, 2023 and customers were managing their account transfers to another location in Abu Dhabi.", "claim_text": "A photo showing a long queue in front of a branch of Bank of baroda in the UAE shows customers closing their accounts after the banks CEO said the bank will continue lending to the Adani Group, after the expos\u00e9 of Adani's fraud.\n", "claim_images": ["67bd07971f8dd18d53da7b3a#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Mavericks Anwar Ali", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/mavericks.anwarali/posts/pfbid02aAWrFP4akc2fPyM5TebgPQrgfGqpy6FVZxAgxUQcpSu6VKyeKdB84XtX9PbsEuKMl", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Causal Claim", "Event/Property Claim", "Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Reverse Image Search", "Geolocation"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240807031301/https://srilanka.factcrescendo.com/english/are-the-japanese-arches-photos-from-different-periods-of-time-the-same/", "date": "2022-02-16", "label": "Refuted", "location": "JP", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67bdde741f8dd18d53db8d76#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The image shows the Torii Gate in Nagasaki, Japan.", "source_url": "https://www.reuters.com/article/factcheck-japan-gates-idUSL1N3AI0PT/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where was the image taken?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67bdde741f8dd18d53db8d76#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.reuters.com/article/factcheck-japan-gates-idUSL1N3AI0PT/", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The image shows a different torii in the town of Otsuchi \u2013 at the opposite end of the country \u2013 that survived the country\u2019s 2011 earthquake and tsunami."}], "question": "Does the image show the same gate?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67bdde741f8dd18d53db8d76#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "No, the 1945 torii gate is in Nagasaki, while the 2011 gate is from Otsuchi, a different city. ", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240807031301/https://9gag.com/gag/aBnnEgz", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Are the torii gates in the viral images from the same location?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67bdde741f8dd18d53db8d76#INPUT#3#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The Nagasaki gate survived the 1945 atomic bombing, while the Otsuchi gate was affected by the 2011 earthquake.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240807031301/https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-japan-quake-scene-idUKLNE72D02Q20110314", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": " What disasters do the torii gates in the images relate to?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "Based on evidence, in [CLAIM_IMG_0], the image shows the Torii Gate in Nagasaki Japan. In [CLAIM_IMG_1], the image shows the Torii Gate in Otsuchi Japan. So, the gates are different. Moreover, the Nagasaki gate survived the 1945 atomic bombing whilst the Otsuchi gate survived the  2011 earthquake and tsunami.", "claim_text": "Image shows the same archway in Japan that has survived an atomic bomb, earthquake and a tsunami.", "claim_images": ["67bdde741f8dd18d53db8d76#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67bdde741f8dd18d53db8d76#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "9GAGGER", "transcription": "The Immortal Arch, Indestructible Peice of History 1945 after the dropping of an atomic bomb. 2011, after an earthquake and a tsunami. WTF IS THAT ARCH MADE OF?", "media_source": "https://x.com/PicturesFoIder/status/1696778499711959209/photo/1", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230831140939/https://twitter.com/picturesfoider/status/1696778499711959209", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted"], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240616153806/https://checkyourfact.com/2023/01/27/fact-check-image-clarks-daughter/", "date": "2023-01-23", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67be41451f8dd18d53dbc728#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The photo is of Linwood Woody Kaine, son of U.S. Sen. and Democratic vice presidential candidate Tim Kaine.", "source_url": "https://www.twincities.com/2017/03/07/son-of-sen-tim-kaine-one-of-six-arrested-during-trump-rally-at-state-capitol-last-weekend/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is the person in the photo?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67be41451f8dd18d53dbc728#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.twincities.com/2017/03/07/son-of-sen-tim-kaine-one-of-six-arrested-during-trump-rally-at-state-capitol-last-weekend/", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "It's a photo of Linwood Woody Kaine, son of U.S. Sen. and Democratic vice presidential candidate Tim Kaine."}], "question": "Is this the image of Katherine Clark's daughter?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that the image is of Sen. Kaine's son, not Rep. Clark's daughter.", "claim_text": "Image shows Massachusetts Democratic Rep. Katherine Clark\u2019s Daughter, Riley Dowell, ", "claim_images": ["67be41451f8dd18d53dbc728#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@pauliebignuts99", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FnHqSy7X0AAfr5w?format=jpg&name=small", "original_claim_url": "https://x.com/pauliebignuts99/status/1617331354383028225?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw&mx=2", "reporting_source": "X (Formally Twitter)", "claim_types": ["Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230428120244/https://newschecker.in/fact-check/hindu-temple-found-under-pyramids-of-giza-no-viral-photo-shows-painting-in-ancient-priests-tomb", "date": "2023-04-02", "label": "Refuted", "location": "EG", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67be49e91f8dd18d53dbd54a#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The image shows a painting discovered in the tomb of a priest, just 1,000 feet (300 meters) from the Great Pyramid at Giza in Egypt depicts scenes of ancient life. ", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230424061254/https://www.livescience.com/46806-tomb-painting-discovered-near-great-pyramid.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the image show?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67be49e91f8dd18d53dbd54a#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.livescience.com/46806-tomb-painting-discovered-near-great-pyramid.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "A wall painting, dating at least 4,300 years, was discovered in the tomb of an ancient Egyptian priest"}], "question": "Was Hindu Sun Temple found under the Pyramids of Giza?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving the image shows a tomb 1000 feet from the Great Pyramid, not a Hindu Sun Temple entrance under the pyramids.", "claim_text": "Image shows that a Hindu Sun Temple entrance under the Pyramids of Giza", "claim_images": ["67be49e91f8dd18d53dbd54a#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@surendrapalsin3", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230406071003im_/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/Fst_OgmXsAENJ7S?format=jpg&name=900x900", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230406071003/https://twitter.com/surendrapalsin3/status/1642546379611602946", "reporting_source": "X (formally twitter)", "claim_types": ["Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted", "Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241203143221/https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/walnut-lungs-marijuana-user/", "date": "2023-05-05", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "a walnut", "source_url": "https://tineye.com/search/fd9d03f3ccc7405ebbdf36f385cb9232cc7ce2aa?sort=crawl_date\u2134=desc&page;=1", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the image show?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Commonsense-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67be54931f8dd18d53dbdc16#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "No, the image is actually a photo of a walnut and was originally meant as satire.  ", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241203143221/https://web.archive.org/web/20230505152429/https://twitter.com/VapinGreek/status/1616223862349250561", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": " Does the viral image of \"marijuana smoker\u2019s lungs\" actually show real lungs?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67be54931f8dd18d53dbdc16#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Yes, according to the CDC, smoking marijuana can harm lung tissues and cause scarring, similar to tobacco smoke.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241203143221/https://www.cdc.gov/marijuana/health-effects/lung-health.html#:~:text=Smoked%20marijuana%2C%20regardless%20of%20how,damage%20to%20small%20blood%20vessels.&text=Smoke%20from%20marijuana%20has%20many,causing%20chemicals)%20as%20tobacco%20smoke.", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Can smoking marijuana cause lung damage?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "While smoking marijuana can harm the lungs, the claimed image is clearly a walnut.", "claim_text": "Image shows the condition of the lungs after 10 years of smoking Marijuana ", "claim_images": ["67be54931f8dd18d53dbdc16#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230113100716/https://www.reddit.com/r/HolUp/comments/10a5hej/holup_did_they_say_10_year_old/", "reporting_source": "Social media posts", "claim_types": ["Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Satirical Source Identification", "Reverse Image Search", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Others"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230514151849/https://www.kiiitv.com/article/news/verify/social-media/malaysia-airlines-flight-370-wreckage-not-found-photo-fact-check/536-86fc5fa3-a290-4dfe-afd6-ee266e5097a0", "date": "2023-05-02", "label": "Refuted", "location": "MY", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67bf27511f8dd18d53dd70df#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The picture shows an old Lockheed Martin L1011 Tristar airplane.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230517171232/https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/red-sea-underwater-abandoned-plane/index.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Which airplane is shown in the image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "12:41 a.m. local (UTC + 8:00) \u2013 MH370 departs Kuala Lumpur International Airport for Beijing. The Boeing 777-200ER plane carries a total of 239 people: 227 passengers and 12 crew members.", "source_url": "https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/tv/2023/03/08/netflix-mh-370-plane-disappeared-docuseries-documentary-malaysia-airlines/11414880002/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What kind of plane carried the passengers and crew on Malaysia Airlines Flight 370?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67bf27511f8dd18d53dd70df#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": " The plane was sunk into Jordan\u2019s Gulf of Aqaba with the aim of encouraging dive tourism and coral growth", "source_url": "https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/red-sea-underwater-abandoned-plane/index.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Why did the plane in the image sink?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that Flight 370 was a different type of plane and that the plane shown had sunk near Jordan", "claim_text": "Photo shows wreckage of Malaysia Airlines Flight 370.", "claim_images": ["67bf27511f8dd18d53dd70df#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@merci_cherotich", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://rejouer.perma.cc/replay-web-page/w/id-ac1ef1095138/mp_/file:///N8HE-33FJ/upload.png?version=06556496739550174", "original_claim_url": "https://perma.cc/N8HE-33FJ", "reporting_source": "X (formally Twitter)", "claim_types": ["Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230127000247/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.336X3WH", "date": "2022-11-05", "label": "Refuted", "location": "KE", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67bf33371f8dd18d53dd77df#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The image shows  the bridge that is part of a transport corridor that connects Cameroon and Nigeria.", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/BK6A-UETT", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the image show?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67bf33371f8dd18d53dd77df#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/BK6A-UETT", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The image shows a section of the Bamenda-Enugu Corridor known as the Nigeria/Cameroon Multinational Highway."}], "question": "Does the image show Kenya-Uganda border bridge?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving the bridge connects Cameroon and Nigeria, not Kenya and Uganda.", "claim_text": "Photo shows new border  bridge and road that links Kenya and Uganda", "claim_images": ["67bf33371f8dd18d53dd77df#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@Gesonso1 ", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://archive.ph/j6mRx/da8802e3334e2b092371150f824fd4508f492620.jpg", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.ph/j6mRx", "reporting_source": "X (formally Twitter)", "claim_types": ["Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524151352/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.33EP7BK", "date": "2023-05-02", "label": "Refuted", "location": "MY", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67bf39361f8dd18d53dd7ecc#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The image shows Tristar airplane wreck.", "source_url": "https://archive.is/2yMzB", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the image show?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The TriStar plane is a non-Jordanian commercial that was out of service and parked at King Hussein International Airport for several years. ASEZA purchased it to sink and use as an artificial reef in a barren area on the northern part of the Gulf of Aqaba.", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/deepbluedivecenter/posts/546565437576302", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Why did the airplane in the image sink?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The missing flight MH370 was Boeing 777-200ER.", "source_url": "https://www.france24.com/en/20140311-scant-evidence-terror-attack-malaysia-airlines-flight", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What airplane model was Malaysian Airlines flight MH370?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by identifying the sunken plane as having been purposefully sunk as an artificial reef. Also, it is proven that the two planes are two different types.", "claim_text": "Image shows wreckage of the missing Malaysian airliner MH370", "claim_images": ["67bf39361f8dd18d53dd7ecc#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@254_icon", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://archive.is/1IiDW/d95a74d955aca114c599c74ab3be4c87197539c2.jpg", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.is/1IiDW", "reporting_source": "X (formally Twitter)", "claim_types": ["Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Reverse Image Search", "Keyword Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230129222338/https://newsmobile.in/articles/2023/01/09/fact-check-1992-picture-of-pm-modi-with-mother-fictitiously-linked-to-2001-swearing-in-ceremony/", "date": "2023-01-02", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67bf3e911f8dd18d53dd8470#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The image shows Modi and his mother the day after Modi returned from the Ekta Yatra, a grand civic felicitation was held in Ahmedabad in honor of all Ekta Yatris.\nIt was one of the first times his mother Heera Ben Modi appeared in public. ", "source_url": "https://x.com/modiarchive", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the image show?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67bf3e911f8dd18d53dd8470#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The picture was taken on 30th January, 1992.", "source_url": "https://x.com/modiarchive", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image taken?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "Narendra Modi took oath as Gujarat\u2019s Chief Minister in 2001. ", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230104140231/https://www.narendramodi.in/mother-562570", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When did the swearing -in ceremony take place?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67bf3e911f8dd18d53dd8470#INPUT#3#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": " No, the image is from 1992 after Modi's return from the Ekta Yatra, not from the 2001 oath-taking ceremony.  ", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230129222338/https://www.narendramodi.in/mother-562570", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Is the viral image of Modi with his mother from his 2001 Gujarat CM swearing-in?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67bf3e911f8dd18d53dd8470#INPUT#4#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": " A reverse image search traced it to Modi\u2019s official website and the Modi Archive account, confirming it was from January 1992."}], "question": "How was the true origin of the image verified?", "answer_method": "Image Analysis", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "I can't confirm through the provided links that the image is from 1992, as claimed. However, the image is from the Ekta Yatra, not Modi's swearing-in ceremony.", "claim_text": "Image shows PM Narendra Modi and his mother at his swearing-in ceremony.", "claim_images": ["67bf3e911f8dd18d53dd8470#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Nishant Maurya", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://scontent.flba3-2.fna.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/472135093_1265646237820630_5555570721116624270_n.jpg?_nc_cat=109&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=833d8c&_nc_ohc=Q2YeP2wMjc4Q7kNvgGfo8CJ&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent.flba3-2.fna&_nc_gid=AzY8m1EQt_ea2SSKWO0j9AO&oh=00_AYCA--K0s6ju1iXzLDGnZ2UpeBKb5_Of1GPdX-mYc6iXHw&oe=67836F6C", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=854694685582456&set=a.107370800314852", "reporting_source": "Facebook User Post.", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim", "Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240805085626/https://newschecker.in/fact-check/sea-level-rise-a-myth-no-viral-photos-of-statue-of-liberty-misleading/", "date": "2023-03-15", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67bf44081f8dd18d53dd85ee#INPUT#0#0.jpg", "67bf44081f8dd18d53dd85ee#INPUT#0#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2022/07/20/fact-check-statue-liberty-area-sea-levels-have-risen-since-1900/10077686002/", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Sea levels around the Statue of Liberty have risen more than a foot since 1900"}], "question": "Has see level around the Statue of Liberty risen since 1900?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67bf44081f8dd18d53dd85ee#INPUT#1#0.jpg", "67bf44081f8dd18d53dd85ee#INPUT#1#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The comparison of the two photos is misleading because it doesn\u2019t account for tidal fluctuations", "source_url": "https://apnews.com/article/fact-check-photos-statue-of-liberty-sea-level-930874955722", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Why the comparison of the two photos is misleading?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted with evidence that sea levels have risen and that the images don't account for tidal fluctuations. The claim is refuted with fact-checking articles, however.", "claim_text": "Two photos of Statue Of Liberty, taken in 1898 and 2017, disprove sea level rise", "claim_images": ["67bf44081f8dd18d53dd85ee#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67bf44081f8dd18d53dd85ee#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@DrLoupis", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230325130954im_/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FrPC9IoWYAAMiHK?format=jpg&name=large", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230325130954/https://twitter.com/DrLoupis/status/1635865453028311040", "reporting_source": "X (formally Twitter)", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim", "Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search", "Keyword Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted"], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240622150607/https://newschecker.in/fact-check/rihanna-sported-a-pentagram-false-claim/", "date": "2023-02-13", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67bfae171f8dd18d53de341f#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "Six"}], "question": "How many points are on the black button shown in the image?", "answer_method": "Image Analysis", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "A pentagram is a five-pointed star", "source_url": "https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentagram", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "How many points does a pentagram have?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Image", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240926225105/https://www.vibe.com/gallery/rihanna-superbowl-halftime-show-photos-1234734794/", "source_medium": "Image/graphic", "image_answers": ["67bfae171f8dd18d53de341f#ANSWER#2#0#0.jpg"]}], "question": "Is there a clearer image of Rihanna's belt at the 2023 Super Bowl Halftime Show?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67bfae171f8dd18d53de341f#INPUT#3#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "On inspecting the same, we found that the alleged \u201cPentagram\u201d on her dress was actually the buckle of a harness. It doesn't have any points, but is rather oval."}], "question": "How many points is there a in a clearer image of Rihanna's belt at the 2023 Super Bowl Halftime Show?", "answer_method": "Image Analysis", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The symbol on Rihanna's outfit was not a pentagram but an oval-shaped belt buckle with no points, contradicting the claim of a five-pointed star linked to Satanic worship.", "claim_text": "Singer Rihanna sported a Pentagram- a five-pointed star associated with Satanic worshipping during the 2023 Super Bowl Halftime Show.", "claim_images": ["67bfae171f8dd18d53de341f#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Reno911", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.ph/I6FuR", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim", "Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted", "Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241224065553/https://newschecker.in/fact-check/viral-image-of-cracked-and-fissured-mountainside-is-from-peru-not-joshimath/", "date": "2023-01-13", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67c0985e1f8dd18d53df2635#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Cusco, Peru", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241224065608/https://serc.carleton.edu/getsi/teaching_materials/landscape_change/unit1.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where was this image taken?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67c0985e1f8dd18d53df2635#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Landslide near Cusco, Peru", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241224065608/https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Landslide_in_Cusco,_Peru_-_2018.jpg", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is happening in this photo?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving the image is from Peru, not India", "claim_text": "A mountainside with gigantic fissures said to be from Joshimath, a city in Chamoli district of Uttarakhand, India, where almost a week after cracks appeared in many roads and hundreds of houses, authorities reportedly declared it a landslide and subsidence-hit zone.", "claim_images": ["67c0985e1f8dd18d53df2635#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241224065608/https://www.facebook.com/login/?next=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fphoto.php%3Ffbid%3D153669460775571%26set%3Da.122845000524684%26type%3D3", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim", "Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Keyword Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230130041019/https://newsmobile.in/articles/2023/01/12/fact-check-viral-clips-claim-that-indian-railways-platforms-being-upgraded-under-modi-govt-is-misleading/", "date": "2023-01-09", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67c0986d1f8dd18d53df2726#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "11 May 2020 by British stock photography website Alarmy", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230120223853/https://www.alamy.com/workers-clean-a-platform-at-the-howrah-junction-railway-station-after-india-announced-a-limited-re-opening-of-its-giant-rail-network-beginning-on-tuesday-after-a-nearly-seven-week-lockdown-to-slow-the-spreading-of-the-coronavirus-disease-covid-19-on-the-outskirts-of-kolkata-india-may-11-2020-reutersrupak-de-chowdhuri-image373754722.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where was the 0-th image first pubished?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67c0986d1f8dd18d53df2726#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Workers clean a platform at the Howrah Junction railway station after India announced a limited re-opening of its giant rail network beginning on Tuesday, after a nearly seven-week lockdown to slow the spreading of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), on the outskirts of Kolkata India, May 11, 2020. REUTERS/Rupak De Chowdhuri\n", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230120223853/https://www.alamy.com/workers-clean-a-platform-at-the-howrah-junction-railway-station-after-india-announced-a-limited-re-opening-of-its-giant-rail-network-beginning-on-tuesday-after-a-nearly-seven-week-lockdown-to-slow-the-spreading-of-the-coronavirus-disease-covid-19-on-the-outskirts-of-kolkata-india-may-11-2020-reutersrupak-de-chowdhuri-image373754722.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is happening in the 0-th image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67c0986d1f8dd18d53df2726#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "August 13, 2020", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230128225130/https://twitter.com/EasternRailway/status/1293957479831764992", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the 1-th image first published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": " The Council assumed office from 27 May 2014.", "source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Modi_ministry", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When did the Modi Council take office?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67c0986d1f8dd18d53df2726#INPUT#4#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Intensive cleaning of station platform, station adjacent area and track at Asansol on 13.8.2020 on the occasion of observance of \u2018Swachhta Saptah\u2019 from 10 to 16 August, 2020.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230128225130/https://twitter.com/EasternRailway/status/1293957479831764992", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is happening in the 1-th image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving both types of cleaning were done in India under Modi.", "claim_text": "Indian railway platforms being upgraded under Modi govt. Where platforms were manually cleaned by workers earlier, whereas now there are modern cleaning machines to make the job easier.", "claim_images": ["67c0986d1f8dd18d53df2726#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67c0986d1f8dd18d53df2726#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=119791180990709&set=a.107650308871463", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim", "Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230402064629/https://newsmobile.in/articles/2023/01/03/fact-check-old-unrelated-image-falsely-shared-as-a-child-survivor-of-ukraine-russia-war/", "date": "2022-12-27", "label": "Refuted", "location": "UA", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "February 2022", "source_url": "https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R47068", "source_medium": "PDF"}], "question": "When did the Ukraine-Russia war begin?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67c09cee1f8dd18d53df27fd#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230105031029/https://www.amazon.in/El-hombre-olvido-forgotten-man/dp/8415996012/ref=sr_1_1?crid=18KWIBOYO6OV1&&keywords=El+Hombre+en+el+olvido&&qid=1672467264&&sprefix=el+hombre+en+el+olvido%2Caps%2C595&&sr=8-1", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The same image is used on a book cover that was published in 2013, titled \"The Misremembered Man\"/\"El hombre en el olvido\" by Christina McKenna."}], "question": "Can the image of the boy be traced to anything else?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving the image is from 2013, nearly a decade before the start of the Ukraine war.", "claim_text": "Image of boy in ragged clothes and bruises on his face is a Ukrainian boy who survived a Russian attack.", "claim_images": ["67c09cee1f8dd18d53df27fd#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Ruslana Wrzesnewskyj", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/ruslana.wrzesnewskyj/posts/10210193887760229", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim", "Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230317080347/https://newsmobile.in/articles/2023/02/12/fact-check-this-image-does-not-show-russian-president-putin-with-his-alleged-girlfriend/", "date": "2023-02-05", "label": "Refuted", "location": "RU", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67c09d261f8dd18d53df2b06#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": " figure skater Kamila Valieva", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230312184748/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2022/apr/26/vladimir-putin-kamila-valieva-egveny-rylov-russian-athletes", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is the person on the right in the image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67c09d261f8dd18d53df2b06#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "26 April 2022", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230312184748/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2022/apr/26/vladimir-putin-kamila-valieva-egveny-rylov-russian-athletes", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was this image published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Alina Kabaeva, 39, has been romantically linked to Putin, 69, for more than a decade", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230301182622/https://www.npr.org/2022/08/03/1115429091/vladimir-putin-rumored-girlfriend-alina-kabaeva-sanctions", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who was Putin's rumored girlfriend in 2022?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that the woman in the image is Kamila Valieva, not Alina Kabeva.", "claim_text": "Image shows Russian President Vladimir Putin with a woman who says she is his girlfriend Alina Kabeva. ", "claim_images": ["67c09d261f8dd18d53df2b06#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "\u0938\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0928\u0940 \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0942", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/groups/1219161958995960/posts/1219534412292048/", "reporting_source": "facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim", "Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Media Source Discovery", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241224071311/http://checkyourfact.com/2023/03/07/fact-check-image-leopard-2-ukraine/", "date": "2023-03-02", "label": "Refuted", "location": "UA", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67c09d331f8dd18d53df2be5#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://imgur.com/a/0V1Dx/layout/grid", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The image was shared on Imgur in 2016."}], "question": "Was this image taken in 2023?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67c09d331f8dd18d53df2be5#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240912113348/http://german.china.org.cn/txt/2016-09/18/content_39319253_14.htm", "source_medium": "Image/graphic", "boolean_explanation": "The flag appears to have been photoshopped in."}], "question": "Was there a flag in the original version of this image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving the image is from 2016, nearly six years prior to the beginning of the Ukraine war.", "claim_text": "Image shows a captured Leopard 2 Tank in Ukraine partially submerged in water.", "claim_images": ["67c09d331f8dd18d53df2be5#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Bordigoy Yatob", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=2126797960837479&set=a.274254352758525&type=3&ref=embed_post", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim", "Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Consultation", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240512173356/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.337899W", "date": "2023-01-11", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IR", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The men were executed for the murder of Hassan Moghaddas, a hardline deputy prosecutor and head of the \u201dguidance\u201d court in Tehran, who was shot dead by two men as he getting into his car in August 2005.\n\nMajid Kavousifar and Hossein Kavousifar, from the same family, were standing bareheaded on stools with the nooses around their necks from a crane mounted on the back of a truck.", "source_url": "https://ghostarchive.org/archive/REbBL", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Why was Majid Kavossifar hanged by authorities in Iran?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67c0b97b1f8dd18d53df3f8d#INPUT#1#0.jpg", "67c0b97b1f8dd18d53df3f8d#INPUT#1#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Majid Kavousifar", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/QB4V-Q6DZ", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the name of the man shown in these images?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Text-related", "Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Last week, Iran erupted with what has become an unusually powerful protest wave after Mahsa Amini, a 22-year-old Kurdish woman, died in police custody. Tehran\u2019s morality police had arrested her for not wearing a proper hijab, the mandatory hair covering for Iranian women.\n\nThe first protest came with Amini\u2019s funeral in Saghiz in Iran\u2019s Kurdistan on Sept. 17 [2022], and quickly spread to other Kurdish cities.", "source_url": "https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/09/23/amini-hijab-morality-police-iran/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When did protests over the death of Mahsa Amini or the \"hijab protests\" begin in Iran?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "02 August 2007", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/QB4V-Q6DZ", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was Majid Kavousifar hanged in Iran?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted with evidence that Kavousifar was hung in 2007 in connection with a murder, not in 2023 for the hijab protests which began in 2022.", "claim_text": "Young Iranian man Majid Kavossifar was hanged by authorities for participating in the hijab protests.", "claim_images": ["67c0b97b1f8dd18d53df3f8d#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67c0b97b1f8dd18d53df3f8d#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.vn/MwRDs", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim", "Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Reverse Image Search", "Keyword Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241224073850/https://www.sochfactcheck.com/no-this-man-is-not-major-general-faisal-naseer/", "date": "2023-01-27", "label": "Refuted", "location": "PK", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67c0bd511f8dd18d53df416f#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Lieutenant General Sardar Hassan Azhar Hayat Khan", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241224073902/https://www.bolnews.com/bolpedia/sardar-hassan-azhar-hayat-khan/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is the person in this image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67c0bd511f8dd18d53df416f#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Hassan", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/pakistanidefence/photos/a.10151745932977663/10159515682557663/?type=3", "source_medium": "Image/graphic"}], "question": "What does the name tag on the man's shirt say?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving the image is of Lieutenant General Sardar Hassan Azhar Hayat Khan, Major General Faisal Naseer.", "claim_text": "A social media picture shows an image of Major General Faisal Naseer of Pakistan, who serves as the Director General of Counter Intelligence at the Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI).", "claim_images": ["67c0bd511f8dd18d53df416f#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Dr Fatima K - PTI", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230128064238/https://twitter.com/p4pakipower/status/1618911729479749632", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search", "Keyword Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241224073959/https://factly.in/2015-photo-of-a-rickshaw-puller-who-died-from-a-heart-attack-recently-shared-as-a-death-due-to-cold-weather/", "date": "2023-01-11", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67c0cd851f8dd18d53df4d44#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "2015", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/NNSNEWS/photos/a.191722577838538/192349337775862", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What year was this image first published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67c0cd851f8dd18d53df4d44#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "this scene is near Patna airport. This poor rickshaw puller died of a heart attack", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/NNSNEWS/photos/a.191722577838538/192349337775862", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What did the original source say about the man in the photo?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving the image is from 2015, not 2023. ", "claim_text": "Image of a Rikshaw puller who died recently due to the cold weather in India. ", "claim_images": ["67c0cd851f8dd18d53df4d44#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/login/?next=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fphoto%3Ffbid%3D218162343908245%26set%3Da.198221139235699", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim", "Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230322142212/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.33BH3XR", "date": "2023-02-24", "label": "Refuted", "location": "CN", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The Qing dynasty marks the last of the Chinese emperors, ruling from 1644 C.E. to 1911/12 C.E.", "source_url": "https://archive.ph/a3rK9#selection-511.0-511.94", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When did the Qing dynasty start and end?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67c0cd9d1f8dd18d53df4eaf#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Jade Xu", "source_url": "https://archive.ph/Qq37A#selection-283.15-283.22", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is the person in this photo?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "2012", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/6UU6-UEBA", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What year was the movie Tai Chi Zero made?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67c0cd9d1f8dd18d53df4eaf#INPUT#3#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Jade Xu wore the costume when she starred in the movie Tai Chi Zero as Sister Mahjong", "source_url": "https://archive.ph/Qq37A#selection-283.0-286.0", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Why did Jade Xu wear the traditional clothing in the photo?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving the image is from a 2012 movie, not the Qing Dynasty", "claim_text": "A photo shows a young female security escort practising martial arts during the late Qing Dynasty.", "claim_images": ["67c0cd9d1f8dd18d53df4eaf#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": " \u6e05\u671d\u7167\u7247\u53f2", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://ghostarchive.org/archive/kSHwB", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Media Source Discovery", "Reverse Image Search", "Keyword Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230422010228/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2023/03/20/fact-check-image-shows-snow-walls-japan-not-lake-tahoe/11508802002/", "date": "2023-03-13", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67c0cdc51f8dd18d53df4fd2#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://kenhsinhvien.vn/t/cung-duong-bang-gia-tuyet-dep-o-nhat-ban-mua-dong.754922/", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The same photo was posted on a blog/forum in 2020."}], "question": "Was this image circulating before 2023?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "Winter of 2023", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230321090431/https://apnews.com/article/snow-storms-ski-tahoe-winter-resorts-230c1bedc486c16012f156c46f09e9de", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When did the most recent record snowstorms start in Lake Tahoe?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67c0cdc51f8dd18d53df4fd2#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The Tateyama Kurobe Alpine Route", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230321043337/https://www.alpen-route.com/en/seasonal-attraction/spring.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the name of the path shown in this photo?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Japan", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230205142550/https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/tateyama-kurobe-alpine-route/index.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where is the Tateyama Kurobe Alpine Route?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving the image is from Tateyama Kurobe Alpine Route in Japan, not Lake Tahoe", "claim_text": "Image shows snow walls in mountainous region of Lake Tahoe.", "claim_images": ["67c0cdc51f8dd18d53df4fd2#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Jeff ward", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.org/details/screenshot-2023-03-20-110541", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim", "Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241224084100/https://checkyourfact.com/2023/03/29/fact-check-image-fetterman-hospital-depression/", "date": "2023-03-25", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67c0cdd91f8dd18d53df50f7#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Pennsylvania Lt. Gov. John Fetterman", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241224084120/https://www.wesa.fm/politics-government/2022-05-22/john-fetterman-leaves-lancaster-hospital-for-braddock-to-recover-from-stroke", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is the person in the 1-th image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67c0cdd91f8dd18d53df50f7#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "May 22, 2022", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241224084120/https://www.wesa.fm/politics-government/2022-05-22/john-fetterman-leaves-lancaster-hospital-for-braddock-to-recover-from-stroke", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the 1-th image published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "February 2023", "source_url": "https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/sen-john-fetterman-checked-hospital-clinical-depression-rcna71087", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When did John Fetterman check himself into the hospital for clinical depression?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67c0cdd91f8dd18d53df50f7#INPUT#3#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "February 7, 2023", "source_url": "https://x.com/SenFettermanPA/status/1623121710269575168", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the 0-th image shared?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving with credible sources that both images are of Fetterman.", "claim_text": "An image shared on Facebook claims to show Pennsylvania Democratic Sen. John Fetterman three weeks after his admittance to the hospital for depression, and suggests he was replaced by a body double.", "claim_images": ["67c0cdd91f8dd18d53df50f7#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67c0cdd91f8dd18d53df50f7#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Benyomin Ellegant", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=10225772674276282&set=a.10201862276051270", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim", "Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Consultation", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted", "Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241224084613/https://www.boomlive.in/fact-check/turkey-earthquake-syria-valentines-lovers-game-of-thrones-cersei-jamie-lannister-fact-check-21115", "date": "2023-02-13", "label": "Refuted", "location": "TR", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67c0d0841f8dd18d53df5204#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The original source of the photo was found to be a still from the tv show Game of Thrones. The still is also included in a photo book of the show on Amazon.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230413072956/https://www.amazon.com/Photography-Game-Thrones-Michael-Kogge/dp/1683835298", "source_medium": "Image/graphic"}], "question": "What is the original source of this image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67c0d0841f8dd18d53df5204#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The image is a still from the final season of Game of Thrones where Tyrion Lannister finds Cersei and Jamie Lannister under a pile of rubble. This can be seen at the 1.50 mark in the video.", "source_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MZXGsTTYIho", "source_medium": "Video"}], "question": "What is happening in this image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving the image is from the TV show Game of Thrones, not from an earthquake in Turkey.", "claim_text": "Image shows deceased lovers in the Turkey earthquake.", "claim_images": ["67c0d0841f8dd18d53df5204#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Rabin Vlog NP", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=688493002997886&set=gm.1297675670790435&idorvanity=219941241897222", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim", "Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20231216030645/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.339F6PY", "date": "2023-02-14", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67c0d9381f8dd18d53df58dd#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "15.8.2015 (August 15, 2015)", "source_url": "http://web.archive.org/web/20230219080232/https://epaimages.com/search.pp?flush=1&eventid=632673", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was this photo taken?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67c0d9381f8dd18d53df58dd#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "the port city of Tianjin, China", "source_url": "http://web.archive.org/web/20230219080232/https://epaimages.com/search.pp?flush=1&eventid=632673", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What city does the photo show?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving the image is from 2015 in China, not 2023 in Ohio.", "claim_text": "Image shows a huge crater in the ground linked to the Ohio train disaster in 2023.", "claim_images": ["67c0d9381f8dd18d53df58dd#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "\u6c96\u6d6a\u5927\u7d71\u9818 @shinapiggu", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://perma.cc/Z73K-WSAH", "reporting_source": "X", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim", "Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240911152209/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.33C87CN", "date": "2023-03-27", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67c0dc401f8dd18d53df59f2#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Sam Hyde", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20231003221020/https://www.buzzfeed.com/watch/video/86887", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is the person shown in this image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Audrey Elizabeth Hale", "source_url": "https://www.nashville.gov/departments/police/news/investigation-continuing-todays-active-shooter-murders-covenant-school", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who killed three children and three staff members in the covenant school in the US state of Tennessee?\n", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20231003221020/https://www.buzzfeed.com/watch/video/86887", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "After every mass shooting, people name Sam Hyde as the shooter. It happened after Parkland, after the Las Vegas massacre, after the San Bernardino shooting, and more. Except Sam Hyde is NEVER the shooter \u2014 he's a comedian and a meme in the 4chan community."}], "question": "Has comedian Sam Hyde been falsely tied to several tragedies and mass shootings?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving the shooter was Audrey Hale and the image is a meme involving comedian Sam Hyde.", "claim_text": "Photos show the person who killed three children and three staff members in the covenant school in the US state of Tennessee.", "claim_images": ["67c0dc401f8dd18d53df59f2#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "al qaedas number one fan @CWC_Rosechu", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230330060752/https://archive.is/66wVe#selection-375.0-393.12", "reporting_source": "X", "claim_types": ["Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Consultation", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240705230127/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.33AP82J", "date": "2023-02-24", "label": "Refuted", "location": "UA", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67c0e27c1f8dd18d53df5e49#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "In Kyiv, on Lobanovsky Avenue, 6th, a Russian shell hit a residential building.\n\nVerbatim from the State Emergency Service : \u201cOn February 26, the State Emergency Service received information that a shell had hit a multi-story residential building (17-18 floors) at 6A Lobonovsky Avenue.\n\nThe number of victims is being clarified. Evacuation is underway.\"", "source_url": "https://archive.is/MW7Jq", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What happened to the building in the 0-th image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67c0e27c1f8dd18d53df5e49#INPUT#1#0.jpg", "67c0e27c1f8dd18d53df5e49#INPUT#1#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The official X page of the Ukraine government shared a tweet on Feb 21 2023 that stated \"In February 2022, the Russian missile hit a residential building on Lobanovskyi Avenue in Kyiv, a heartbreaking photo of which horrified the whole world and showed Russia's true intentions.\n\nAlmost one year later, the building is renovated.\"", "source_url": "https://archive.ph/PPzFK", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Was the building shown in the images restored?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67c0e27c1f8dd18d53df5e49#INPUT#2#0.jpg", "67c0e27c1f8dd18d53df5e49#INPUT#2#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/UPW5-CW98", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "AP news refers to the incident in an article discussing Russian troops storming Ukraine\u2019s capital stating \"Residents of a Kyiv apartment building woke to screaming, smoke and flying dust. What the mayor identified as Russian shelling tore off part of the building and ignited a fire.\" The article also refers to the war, stating \"It was unclear how many people overall had died in the largest ground war in Europe since World War II.\"\n\n"}], "question": "Was the apartment building shown in the images damaged during the Ukraine-Russia war?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related", "Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving the images are one year apart after renovations were made to the damaged buidling.", "claim_text": "Pictures show that the war against Ukraine is not real.", "claim_images": ["67c0e27c1f8dd18d53df5e49#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67c0e27c1f8dd18d53df5e49#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Stew Peters ", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230309135735/https://archive.is/z6rpf", "reporting_source": "X", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim", "Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Consultation", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted", "Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240524224111/https://checkyourfact.com/2023/02/08/fact-check-boy-aftermath-turkey-earthquake/", "date": "2023-02-06", "label": "Refuted", "location": "TR", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "February 6 2023", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240413141036/https://www.nytimes.com/live/2023/02/05/world/turkey-earthquake", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When did a recent 7.8 magnitude earthquake hit Turkey?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67c0e9881f8dd18d53df6875#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://www.shutterstock.com/image-photo/boy-crying-among-ruins-1383803078?irclickid=Qg5SSnS3txyIR9czljRB9S6SUkA3u3RkeVZLzU0&irgwc=1&utm_campaign=TinEye&utm_medium=Affiliate&utm_source=77643&utm_term=", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The image was uploaded to Shutterstock on April 28, 2019."}], "question": "Was this image taken before the Feb 6 2023 earthquake in Turkey?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67c0e9881f8dd18d53df6875#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The image is a stock photo from Shutterstock.", "source_url": "https://www.shutterstock.com/image-photo/boy-crying-among-ruins-1383803078?irclickid=Qg5SSnS3txyIR9czljRB9S6SUkA3u3RkeVZLzU0&irgwc=1&utm_campaign=TinEye&utm_medium=Affiliate&utm_source=77643&utm_term=", "source_medium": "Web text"}, {"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The image is a stock photo from Adobe.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250116170034/https://stock.adobe.com/images/boy-crying-among-the-ruins/265131626?as_campaign=TinEye&as_content=tineye_match&clickref=1011lwwPfTF6&mv=affiliate&mv2=pz&as_camptype=backlink&as_channel=affiliate&as_source=partnerize&as_campaign=tineye", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the original source of this image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving the image is from 2019, four years prior to the Turkey earthquake.", "claim_text": "Image shows a crying boy in the aftermath of the Turkey earthquake. ", "claim_images": ["67c0e9881f8dd18d53df6875#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Noor Hassan", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=207505481848650&set=a.106180978647768", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Consultation", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241224091406/https://checkyourfact.com/2023/02/21/fact-check-kentucky-birds-died-train-derailed-ohio/", "date": "2023-02-16", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "February 3 [2023] derailment of a Norfolk Southern freight train and the subsequent release of the toxic chemical vinyl chloride.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250101104645/https://edition.cnn.com/2023/02/20/us/ohio-train-derailment-east-palestine-monday/index.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What event in Ohio is the claim referring to?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67c0f0401f8dd18d53df6e2c#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The photo is from a local Arkansas newspaper captioned \"Several dead birds were spotted near 7th and Main streets in downtown Little Rock in early April 2018.\"\n", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241224091328/https://www.arkansasonline.com/news/2018/apr/09/dead-birds-downtown-little-rock-street-possibly-in/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Can the photo of the birds be traced back to anything else?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67c0f0401f8dd18d53df6e2c#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Karen Rowe, an ornithologist with the Arkansas Game and Fish Commission, said the carcasses scattered near the intersection of Main and Seventh streets are likely cedar waxwings, which feed almost exclusively on berries.\n\nRowe said Little Rock's warm days and cool nights may have caused berries in a nearby bush to ferment. When the birds eat these alcoholic berries, they become so intoxicated that they fall out of trees or off buildings and die, she said.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241224091328/https://www.arkansasonline.com/news/2018/apr/09/dead-birds-downtown-little-rock-street-possibly-in/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What happened to the birds shown in the image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving the image is from 2018, five years prior to the Ohio train derailment.", "claim_text": "Image shows a flock of birds in Kentucky that died after the train derailed in Ohio.", "claim_images": ["67c0f0401f8dd18d53df6e2c#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Amy Grubb", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=1192363371671847&set=a.124627285112133&type=3&ref=embed_post", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim", "Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240310012344/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.338A36B", "date": "2023-01-28", "label": "Refuted", "location": "SE", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67c0f40c1f8dd18d53df70bb#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Hanifi Halis, 21, of Greenvale, has been charged with one count of act in preparation for, or planning of terrorist acts.\nIt is alleged the three men tried to obtain a semiautomatic .22 rifle and planned to target a crowded area but police said they haven\u2019t yet identified a specific target.\n", "source_url": "https://archive.is/uHn9H#selection-539.0-544.0", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is the man in the white shirt?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67c0f40c1f8dd18d53df70bb#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The audience member who tackled Dave Chappelle on stage while armed with a blade-firing fake gun was identified Wednesday as he was booked for felony assault with a deadly weapon.\nIsaiah Lee, 23, of Los Angeles, was charged with the shocking caught-on-camera attack of the 48-year-old comedian at Tuesday night\u2019s show at the Hollywood Bowl, the LAPD said.\n", "source_url": "https://archive.is/lZP3B", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is the man shown in the image in the top right?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The burning of the Muslim holy book is a well-practised stunt by the leader of the anti-immigration and anti-Islam group Hard Line, Danish-Swedish politician Rasmus Paludan.\n\nLocal media also reported clashes in the Stockholm suburb of Rinkeby after Paludan set fire to a copy of the Quran on Friday.\n\n", "source_url": "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/4/19/what-do-we-know-about-the-sweden-riots", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who burned the Quran in Sweden?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving the two men depicted are not the Danish-Swedish politician Rasmus Paludan who burned the Korans.", "claim_text": "Following a series of Koran burnings in Sweden and Denmark that caused a diplomatic row with Muslim-majority Turkey, social media posts shared photos that show the anti-Islam activist responsible and his \"killer\".", "claim_images": ["67c0f40c1f8dd18d53df70bb#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": " Cricket Pakistan Memes 2.0", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://ghostarchive.org/archive/xD9vR", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim", "Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230330223346/https://en.youturn.in/factcheck/photo-of-modi-attending-a-marriage-shared-as-he-is-with-his-wife.html", "date": "2023-03-10", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "the daughter of Former Education Minister of Gujarat, Hemant Chapatwala", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=771951446163373&id=100000455737037&set=a.541741072517746&mibextid=qC1gEa&_rdr", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is the woman on the right in the photo?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67c0f8381f8dd18d53df725c#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=771951446163373&id=100000455737037&set=a.541741072517746&mibextid=qC1gEa&_rdr", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Hemant Chapatwala\u2019s son, Keyur Hemant Chapatwala said the photo was \"of Modiji attending Marriage of My Sister Alpa way back in 1994.\""}], "question": "Is the woman in the photoIndian PM Narendra Modi's wife Jashodaben?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving the woman is the sister of Keyur Hemant Chapatwala, not Modi's wife.", "claim_text": "An Image shows Indian PM Narendra Modi with his wife Jashodaben. ", "claim_images": ["67c0f8381f8dd18d53df725c#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": " Rattanpreet Chadha", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://x.com/rattanpreet13/status/1634128710470340610?s=46&t=kIszbQH_arRSG8kPbuGeZw", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim", "Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240310013434/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.339H33H", "date": "2023-02-13", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67c0f9ff1f8dd18d53df7396#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Aug. 29, 2022", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230303014427/https://archive.is/bARnG#selection-3141.0-3141.101", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was this image taken?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67c0f9ff1f8dd18d53df7396#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Hundreds of small fish can be seen dead in Lake Merritt in Oakland, Calif. on Monday, Aug. 29, 2022. Crews on Wednesday morning will begin removing the thousands of dead fish that have washed ashore at Lake Merritt in Oakland due to a harmful algal bloom that is spreading across the bay, city officials said.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230303014427/https://archive.is/web/20230303014427/https://archive.is/web/20230303014427/https://archive.is/bARnG#selection-3141.78-3141.99", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What happened to the fish in this image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "February 2023", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/273C-UES4", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the cargo train derailment in Ohio?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving the image is from Lake Merritt six months prior to the Ohio train derailment.", "claim_text": "Thousands of fish died in nearby streams in the aftermath of a cargo train that derailed in the US state of Ohio with toxic chemicals", "claim_images": ["67c0f9ff1f8dd18d53df7396#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Laurie to", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.is/Rin3q", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim", "Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241224092543/https://www.sochfactcheck.com/photos-of-mysterious-red-glow-fishing-vessels-wrongly-linked-to-pakistan-earthquake/", "date": "2023-03-21", "label": "Refuted", "location": "PK", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67c10cbe1f8dd18d53df7c99#INPUT#0#0.jpg", "67c10cbe1f8dd18d53df7c99#INPUT#0#1.jpg", "67c10cbe1f8dd18d53df7c99#INPUT#0#2.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "July 2022", "source_url": "https://www.newsweek.com/mystery-red-lights-sky-saury-fishing-boats-1728095", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When were the images in the claim taken?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67c10cbe1f8dd18d53df7c99#INPUT#1#0.jpg", "67c10cbe1f8dd18d53df7c99#INPUT#1#1.jpg", "67c10cbe1f8dd18d53df7c99#INPUT#1#2.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Dr Neil Jacobs told CNN \"they were commercial fishing vessels that were fishing for Pacific saury using very bright red arrays of LED lights.\"", "source_url": "https://edition.cnn.com/videos/world/2022/07/27/pacific-red-glow-aerials-moos-vpx.cnn", "source_medium": "Video"}], "question": "What is the source of the red lights in the photos?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving the images were taken in 2022 and were from fishing vessels using bright arrays of lights.", "claim_text": "A group of photos taken in March 2023 show a mysterious red glow over the Atlantic shortly after a powerful earthquake hit Pakistan, Afghanistan, and India.", "claim_images": ["67c10cbe1f8dd18d53df7c99#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67c10cbe1f8dd18d53df7c99#CLAIM#1.jpg", "67c10cbe1f8dd18d53df7c99#CLAIM#2.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Hamza Jamshed @hamza_jamshed05", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://ghostarchive.org/archive/AAlpg", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim", "Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Consultation", "Reverse Image Search", "Fact-checker Reference"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240417165233/https://factly.in/this-artwork-does-not-depict-the-multiculturalism-in-europe-and-it-did-not-win-any-amateur-art-contest-in-the-netherlands/", "date": "2023-01-25", "label": "Refuted", "location": "NL", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67c110141f8dd18d53df7ddb#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The piece was created by Friedrich Kunath titled \"All of My Problems Are Water Based (Tree)\" as part of \n\"Tropical Depression\" Kunath's third solo exhibition at the Andrea Rosen Gallery.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20231202082816/https://m.andrearosengallery.com/exhibitions/friedrich-kunath/8", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who created the artwork seen in the image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20231201194617/https://m.andrearosengallery.com/images/ae129dbc.pdf", "source_medium": "PDF", "boolean_explanation": "There is no mention of multiculturalism in Europe. The Andrea Rosen Gallery states \"Tropical Depression, Kunath's third solo exhibition at the gallery, stages a watery world and shows Kunath's unique ability to wrest together normally contradictory notions of romanticism and despair, and irony and sincerity, to fill the gallery with a mood, almost the way a scent invisibly permeates a room and alters one's perception. His work shows us how images, no matter how seemingly universal, can become personal, even emotional.\""}], "question": "Is there any mention of multiculturalism in Europe in the press statement regarding ", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230412143131/https://www.google.com/search?q=Friedrich+Kunath+won+netherlands+amateur+contest&source=lnms&tbm=nws&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwigucf_3pL-AhXvcGwGHWEtBpcQ_AUoAnoECAIQBA&biw=1707&bih=710&dpr=0.8", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "A Google search shows no connection between this piece and the Netherlands, or any amateur art contest."}], "question": "Did the piece \"All of My Problems are Water Based (Tree)\" win an amateur contest in the Netherlands?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving the artwork was create by professional artist Friedrich Kunath and had not won an award in the Netherlands.", "claim_text": "Artwork depicting multiculturalism in Europe has won the amateur art contest in the Netherlands.", "claim_images": ["67c110141f8dd18d53df7ddb#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Rune Homlong", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=5613192945456194&set=a.286102161498659", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim", "Media Publishing Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240722120353/https://newschecker.in/fact-check/image-does-not-show-phogat-sisters-at-ongoing-wrestlers-protest/", "date": "2023-01-31", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67c1155a1f8dd18d53df82c0#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Vinesh Phogat, left, and Sakshi Malik pictured at the protest in Jantar Mantar, New Delhi.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240820222454/https://www.outlookindia.com/sports/wrestler-vinesh-phogat-takes-a-swipe-at-cricketers-amid-jantar-mantar-protest-news-281911", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who are the two people shown in the front of this photo?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "CWG and World Championships medalist, Vinesh Phogat and sister Babita broke into war of words over the ongoing protest by the wrestlers against WFI chief Brij Bhushan Sharan Singh. In 2019, Babita Phogat and father Mahavir Phogat had joined the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).\n\nIn a tweet Vinesh requested her sister Babita to not weaken the movement.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241205072107/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/wrestlers-protest-request-you-with-folded-hands-not-to-vinesh-phogat-to-sister-babita-11682827674349.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Why is Babita Phogat linked to the protests by wrestlers against WFI chief Brij Bhushan Sharan Singh?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving the woman in the image is Vinesh Phogat, not Babita Phogat.", "claim_text": "Celebrated wrestler Babita Phogat, who made comments against Muslim women for staging sit-in protests in Shaheen Bagh, is now on a sit-in agitation against the WFI Chief.", "claim_images": ["67c1155a1f8dd18d53df82c0#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": " Babita Phogat", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://x.com/BabitaPhogat/status/1223119840921047040?lang=hi", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim", "Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Consultation", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20231005020611/https://newsmobile.in/articles/2023/05/30/fact-check-old-images-of-huge-crowd-falsely-linked-to-csks-ipl-victory-heres-the-truth/", "date": "2023-05-28", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67c11cf11f8dd18d53df8aa1#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The annual Great Ethiopian Run in Addis Ababa", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230603141257/https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/ethiopia-africa-travel-next-big-thing/index.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is happening in the 0-th image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67c11cf11f8dd18d53df8aa1#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "A Telegraph article from 2012 includes the photo with the caption \"Thai people wearing yellow shirts gather to listen to a speech by Thailand's King Bhumibol Adulyadej at the Anatasamakom Throne Hall in Bangkok\"", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230531134755/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/picturegalleries/worldnews/9723978/Thailands-King-Bhumibol-the-worlds-longest-reigning-monarch-turns-85.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Can the 1-th image be traced to anything else?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67c11cf11f8dd18d53df8aa1#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Gran Canaria [Spain]", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230602072418/https://www.marca.com/futbol/segunda-division/2023/05/27/647232d55aeb520026e65a0d-directo.html#", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where was the 2-th image taken?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that none of the images are from India, but are from Ethiopia, Bangkok, and Spain.", "claim_text": "Photos show a huge crowds of Chennai Super King supporters in India.", "claim_images": ["67c11cf11f8dd18d53df8aa1#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67c11cf11f8dd18d53df8aa1#CLAIM#1.jpg", "67c11cf11f8dd18d53df8aa1#CLAIM#2.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Shameem Alam", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/groups/3830498090346532/permalink/6528325340563780/", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim", "Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240416143547/https://www.boomlive.in/fact-check/ipl-final-2023-csk-vs-gt-wet-pitch-hair-dryer-fact-check-22118", "date": "2023-05-30", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67c126b61f8dd18d53df8ea2#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The image was shared in a Jan 2020 article titled \"IND Vs SL, 1st T20I: World's Richest Cricket Board Uses Hair Dryer And Steam Iron - Angry Fans Slam BCCI\"\n", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230610234305/https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/sports-news-ind-vs-sl-1st-t20i-worlds-richest-cricket-board-uses-hair-dryer-and-steam-iron-angry-fans-slam-bcci/345232", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Can the 1-th image be traced back to anything else?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The T20I match between India and Sri Lanka in Guwahati, India on January 5, 2020.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230531195815/https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/hairdryer-and-steam-iron-used-to-dry-guwahati-pitch-in-ind-vs-sl-1st-t20i-6201858/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was a hairdryer and steam iron used to dry off a cricket pitch?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving the images are from 2020, not 2023.", "claim_text": "Ground staff at IPL 2023 final in India take unique measures to dry pitch after rain, using a hairdryer and iron.", "claim_images": ["67c126b61f8dd18d53df8ea2#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67c126b61f8dd18d53df8ea2#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": " Vishal Tiwari", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230604014908/https://www.republicworld.com/sports-news/ipl/ipl-2023-final-ground-staff-take-unique-measures-to-dry-pitch-after-rain-interruption-articleshow.html", "reporting_source": "Republic world ", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim", "Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250115074745/https://fullfact.org/online/94-per-cent-vaccinated-deaths-covid/", "date": "2022-07-13", "label": "Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking", "location": "GB", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67cb618935531374f6ceadfa#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarriages/deaths/datasets/deathsbyvaccinationstatusengland", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The figures in the graph are correct, and 94% of deaths where Covid-19 was listed on the death certificate as a cause of death in April and May 2022 were in vaccinated people, according to ONS data for England. But this is not unexpected considering how widespread vaccination has been."}], "question": "Are the numbers in the graph correct?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related", "Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cb618935531374f6ceadfa#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "As Sarah Caul, Head of Mortality Analysis at the ONS, pointed out on Twitter, the same ONS data tables show that for Covid-19 deaths, unvaccinated people had higher mortality rates than people who have ever been vaccinated against Covid in both April and May 2022. \u201cThe number and characteristics of those who are vaccinated and unvaccinated are different, [and] we need to take these into account when looking at the number of deaths for each group\u201d.", "source_url": "https://twitter.com/SarahCaul_ONS/status/1547569383509147654", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is unvaccinated deaths numbers?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related", "Image-related"]}], "justification": "Both supporting and refuting evidence has been found. The figures are correct but the mortality rates are different.", "claim_text": "The UK government has quietly published a report confirming the vaccinated account for 94% of all Covid-19 deaths since April.", "claim_images": ["67cb618935531374f6ceadfa#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Mark Dolan", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://twitter.com/mrmarkdolan/status/1547205162435059712", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Numerical Claim", "Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": [], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230117013435/https://srilanka.factcrescendo.com/english/misleading-photo-comparison-claiming-to-be-streets-littered-at-a-previous-fifa-world-cup-which-permitted-liquor/", "date": "2022-12-01", "label": "Refuted", "location": "QA", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67cb7e5535531374f6cee57b#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The photo was taken at Lusail Boulevard Fan Zone.", "source_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c62IEUKS0JU&t=5s", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where was the first image taken?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cb7e5535531374f6cee57b#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The photo was taken at Boulevard de Clichy during the Euro 2016 matches.", "source_url": "https://www.leparisien.fr/paris-75/le-boulevard-de-clichy-emporte-par-la-folie-irlandaise-15-06-2016-5884991.php", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where was the dirty street image taken?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cb7e5535531374f6cee57b#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230117013435/https://www.leparisien.fr/paris-75/le-boulevard-de-clichy-emporte-par-la-folie-irlandaise-15-06-2016-5884991.php", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": " It\u2019s actually from Euro 2016 in Paris, not a FIFA event."}], "question": "Did the littered street photo show a past FIFA World Cup with alcohol?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The 2nd answer shows that the dirty image was not from the world cup but the Euro 2016 matches so the claim is refuted.", "claim_text": "The photo shows the difference between a World Cup without alcoholic beverages and a World Cup with alcoholic beverages.", "claim_images": ["67cb7e5535531374f6cee57b#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67cb7e5535531374f6cee57b#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Ahmed Inthikab", "transcription": "The difference between a World Cup without alcoholic beverages and a World Cup with alcoholic beverages. #FIFAWorldCup #Qatar", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230117013435im_/https://i0.wp.com/srilanka.factcrescendo.com/english/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/image-22.png?w=454&ssl=1", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230117013435im_/https://i0.wp.com/srilanka.factcrescendo.com/english/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/image-22.png?w=454&ssl=1", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Causal Claim", "Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250115073432/https://newschecker.in/fact-check/didier-drogba-converted-to-islam-no-viral-claim-is-false/", "date": "2022-11-07", "label": "Refuted", "location": "CI", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67cba23b35531374f6cf447c#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Paying respect to his Muslim brothers.", "source_url": "https://x.com/didierdrogba/status/1589705683922190337", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is Didier Drogba doing the the image?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cba23b35531374f6cf447c#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://x.com/didierdrogba/status/1589705683922190337", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "He has not changed religion."}], "question": "Did Didier Drogba convert to Muslim?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Christianity (Catholic).", "source_url": "https://www.tuko.co.ke/418540-didier-drogba-net-worth-wife-current-job-stats-life-story-charity-work.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What religion is Didier Drogba?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted with a post by Drogba himself explaining that he was merely being respectful to his Muslim brethren. Also, it was proven that he is Catholic.", "claim_text": "Didier Drogba Converted To Islam.", "claim_images": ["67cba23b35531374f6cf447c#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Frank Khalid", "transcription": "Chelsea legend Didier Drogba has converted to Islam", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221116052653/https://twitter.com/FrankKhalidUK/status/1589704561039900672", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221116052653/https://twitter.com/FrankKhalidUK/status/1589704561039900672", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Keyword Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted"], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250115073509/https://www.newsmobile.in/nm-fact-checker/fact-check-was-the-nitish-sabke-hai-poster-put-after-the-jdu-rjd-alliance/", "date": "2022-08-09", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "August 9, 2022.", "source_url": "https://www.deccanherald.com/india/nitish-kumar-splits-with-ally-bjp-for-second-time-stakes-claim-as-cm-of-mahagathbandhan-in-bihar-1134558.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When did the JD(U)-RJD Alliance take place?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cc628435531374f6cfd015#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://www.livehindustan.com/assembly-elections/bihar-election-2020/story-bihar-election-2020-hoardings-outside-jdu-headquarters-in-patna-nitish-sabke-hai-tarakki-dikhti-hai-3532184.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The image can be found on an article dated 2 October 2020."}], "question": "Can the poster of Nitish Kumar be found on social media before August 2022?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving the poster was erected two years prior to the alliance formation.", "claim_text": "the poster was put post JD(U)-RJD alliance.", "claim_images": ["67cc628435531374f6cfd015#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "", "transcription": " \u201cAre you watching Binod?\u2026.Nitish Kumar is of everyone. First, he belonged to BJP, then to RJD, then to BJP-LJP and now to RJD, Congress, CPI and HUM. Where will you find such a friendly leader?\u201d", "media_source": "https://www.facebook.com/ChoudharyJaved0/posts/pfbid02DnKJpQqanj3Bx7LaYh2qMircVNeauayprFywP2r2Xmeq6gvPhpF1oxYYs98jGYNGl", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/ChoudharyJaved0/posts/pfbid02DnKJpQqanj3Bx7LaYh2qMircVNeauayprFywP2r2Xmeq6gvPhpF1oxYYs98jGYNGl", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": [], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240716000355/https://www.boomlive.in/fact-check/viral-photo-goan-catholic-priest-anthony-fernandes-polish-actor-artur-zmijewski-social-media-19384", "date": "2022-09-10", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67cc6c2c35531374f6cfd3d6#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Polish actor Artur \u017bmijewski who plays the role of Father Mateusz in the the crime series \"Father Mateusz\" .", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240623085931/https://www.atmgrupa.pl/en/productions/father-matthew/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is the man in the photo?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://m.rediff.com/news/2001/apr/17fr.htm", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Fr Anthony Fernandes, a Jesuit priest, was converted at a public ceremony at Ram Krishna Temple in the ancient Hindu city."}], "question": "Did Fr Anthony Fernandes convert to Hinduism?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cc6c2c35531374f6cfd3d6#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The man in the photo is actually Polish actor Artur \u017bmijewski. The image is from a Polish crime series called Father Matthew, not from a real-life event.  \n", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240716000355/https://kultura.gazeta.pl/kultura/7,127222,28760926,ojciec-mateusz-wraca-na-antene-tvp-artur-zmijewski-nie-tylko.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is actually in the viral photo that people claim shows Fr. Anthony Fernandes?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cc6c2c35531374f6cfd3d6#INPUT#3#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": " The photo is just a scene from the TV show Father Matthew. It was used for promotional materials and has nothing to do with any religious conversion.  ", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240716000355/https://www.atmgrupa.pl/en/productions/father-matthew/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Was this photo really taken at a Hindu conversion ceremony?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The answers show that the image is from a tv show and is not a real life photo so the claim is refuted. The man in the photo is Polish actor Artur \u017bmijewski not Father Anthony Fernandes. The father did convert to Hinduism but it is not him in the photo so it is refuted.", "claim_text": "A photo of Fr Anthony Fernandes, a Goan Catholic priest, who converted to Hinduism.", "claim_images": ["67cc6c2c35531374f6cfd3d6#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Prof. P.A.Varghese", "transcription": "A Goan Catholic priest from a family of 400 years in Xianity,Fr Anthony Fernandes, became a Hindu. The Jesuit priest was converted at a public ceremony at Ram Krishna Temple in d ancient Hindu city. Today is a day of great joy for me,as I'm no more attached to any church.\"  ", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221003125006/https://archive.ph/T4lxS", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221003125006/https://archive.ph/T4lxS", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search", "Keyword Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220910145920/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.32EY68L", "date": "2022-07-13", "label": "Refuted", "location": "LK", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67cee1a335531374f6d54238#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "22 Aug 2016 ", "source_url": "https://www.dailymirror.lk/print/business__main/Spectacular-kite-festival/245-114474", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the photo first published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related", "Metadata-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cee1a335531374f6d54238#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Colourful kites dotted the Colombo skies yesterday at the kite festival organized by a leading privately owned television network in the country. The picture shows kites in the Galle Face sky, and in the background is the Chinese-built Colombo International Container Terminal (CICT) of Colombo port", "source_url": "https://www.dailymirror.lk/print/business__main/Spectacular-kite-festival/245-114474", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the photo show?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving the image is from a 2016 kite festival.", "claim_text": "Anti-government demonstrators in Sri Lanka flew kites to disrupt a military helicopter hovering above a protest site in the capital Colombo", "claim_images": ["67cee1a335531374f6d54238#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Reyaz Ahmed", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://perma.cc/6FQT-NX2H?view-mode=server-side&type=image", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Consultation", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221206170801/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2022/11/08/fact-check-claims-missing-uncle-multiple-locations-scam/8258363001/", "date": "2022-11-01", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67cee9d835531374f6d54a8a#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Vern English.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221103004431/https://www.gofundme.com/f/avoiding-homelessness-with-two-dogs", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is the man in the picture?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cee9d835531374f6d54a8a#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/WinfieldPolice/posts/pfbid0Ay6HNxWi9NpNs9vtGg5CKj176QWYvt4sawYgMX37mvSBa2kV1Qy7WZNnDKaVQdftl", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Per the Winfield Policy Department, \"This post is not accurate, and has been posted to many community pages across the country.\""}], "question": "Is Vern English a missing person?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that the man was briefly homeless, now has shelter due to a GoFundMe, and was never missing.", "claim_text": "Image shows a missing 80 year old man and his dog.", "claim_images": ["67cee9d835531374f6d54a8a#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Judith Wallis", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://scontent-man2-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/468944516_548190584758872_4435883173976822137_n.jpg?_nc_cat=102&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=aa7b47&_nc_ohc=88b59sljZ38Q7kNvgHUnih7&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-man2-1.xx&_nc_gid=AA2avOJwDHL6uC8jN2clanM&oh=00_AYDa3mO4yuqkLfJA4TxH0xZNAf9E5d2A9V87Y9tTFGtFww&oe=67A198F9", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=112984424946159&set=gm.2195733767274817&idorvanity=128683393979875", "reporting_source": "facebook", "claim_types": ["Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240209022628/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2022/10/27/fact-check-image-injured-dog-supposedly-found-road-hoax/10599289002/", "date": "2022-10-26", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67cef22935531374f6d54acf#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The dog was injured during an attack by another dog.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221026160025/https://www.theage.com.au/national/victoria/blogger-and-wag-annie-nolan-pleads-for-help-after-dog-attack-20191215-p53k7f.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "How did the dog in the image get injured?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cef22935531374f6d54acf#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221026160025/https://www.theage.com.au/national/victoria/blogger-and-wag-annie-nolan-pleads-for-help-after-dog-attack-20191215-p53k7f.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "After the dog attack the owner and the dog were driven to an animal hospital for treatment."}], "question": "Are people searching for the dog's owner?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that the dog was injured during a dogfight for which the owner was present and also injured.", "claim_text": "Image shows a lost dog covered in blood which someone has found and is looking to get back to its owner.", "claim_images": ["67cef22935531374f6d54acf#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Gurupira Alec", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://scontent-man2-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/472971084_578082461699927_1390374961028108211_n.jpg?stp=dst-jpg_s600x600_tt6&_nc_cat=106&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=aa7b47&_nc_ohc=p2a5h5pkq64Q7kNvgHi7d7q&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-man2-1.xx&_nc_gid=Ag3Og7kLnfGiutQ3Fo9b4EX&oh=00_AYDmW_R3rztGtXbeizMS2DXF19I-RYS5L8GidvSW6JXsqQ&oe=67A18AC8", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/groups/880550915427871/posts/2308979512584997/", "reporting_source": "facebook", "claim_types": ["Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20231022233349/https://www.newsweek.com/fact-check-were-post-malone-garand-thumb-ukraine-wagner-group-1761731", "date": "2022-11-23", "label": "Not Enough Evidence", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67ceff5435531374f6d59fa4#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Garand Thumb and Post Malone.", "source_url": "https://x.com/GarandThumb1/status/1595080181655302144", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who are the two men in the photo?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67ceff5435531374f6d59fa4#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Unanswerable", "answer_text": "No answer could be found."}], "question": "Where was the photo taken?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is neither supported nor refuted. No evidence was provided either way.", "claim_text": "Post Malone and Garand Thumb were fighting with the Russian paramilitary Wagner Group in Ukraine.", "claim_images": ["67ceff5435531374f6d59fa4#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "krus_chiki", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://twitter.com/krus_chiki/status/1595247278633226240", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221026141734/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2022/09/27/fact-check-image-shows-welsh-mascot-not-sacrifice-king-charles/8119550001/", "date": "2022-09-16", "label": "Refuted", "location": "GB", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67ceffa035531374f6d5a280#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "King Charles III and the Queen Consort meet Sheinkin IV, goat mascot for the Royal Welsh Third Battallion at Cardiff Castle in Wales. ", "source_url": "https://www.alamy.com/king-charles-iii-and-the-queen-consort-meet-sheinkin-iv-goat-mascot-for-the-royal-welsh-third-battallion-at-cardiff-castle-in-wales-picture-date-friday-september-16-2022-image482698014.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the picture show?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://royalwelshmuseum.wales/a-brief-history-of-the-regimental-mascot/", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Within many regiments there is a history of having a mascot which for The Royal Welsh is a goat. The different antecedent regiments typically use the traditional names of Dewi, Taffy, Shenkin, and Sospan.\n\nOfficial mascots have a regimental number and rank, they can be promoted and demoted like human soldiers and even receive a salary! "}], "question": "Is goat-mascot meant to be sacrificed?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving the goat is a paid mascot in the King's Royal Welsh Third Battallion.", "claim_text": "A white ram was intended for sacrifice during the crowning and declaration of Prince Charles as King of England.", "claim_images": ["67ceffa035531374f6d5a280#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220927154729/https://www.facebook.com/login/?next=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fgroups%2F420774608884892%2Fposts%2F917863095842705%2F", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Media Source Discovery", "Fact-checker Reference"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted"], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230114035749/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2022/12/16/fact-check-false-claim-e-scooter-fleet-abandoned-due-battery-cost/10839631002/", "date": "2022-11-30", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67cefffa35531374f6d5a55c#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The \"e-scooters\" pictured in the posts are actually a model of electric bike made by the Chinese company Meituan and are part of the company's ride-sharing business,", "source_url": "https://www.scmp.com/tech/apps-social/article/3075124/meituan-dianping-sees-surge-bike-sharing-dont-call-it-comeback?module=perpetual_scroll_0&pgtype=article&campaign=3075124", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What type of scooters are shown in the picture?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Meituan announced in a 2018 earnings call that it was walking away from its bike-sharing and ride-sharing ventures due to a lack of ride-share demand. ", "source_url": "https://techcrunch.com/2018/11/23/meituan-scale-back-ride-hailing-and-bike-sharing/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Why were the electric bikes abandoned?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that the maker, Meituan, was backing out of the business, and having nothing to do with the cost or disposal of batteries.", "claim_text": "Fleets of electric scooters are being abandoned due to the high cost of replacing or safely disposing of their batteries.", "claim_images": ["67cefffa35531374f6d5a55c#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "kagbabe3", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.org/details/20221206_20221206_1842", "reporting_source": "Instagram", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Media Source Discovery"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted", "Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241210140406/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.32LT4GE", "date": "2022-10-01", "label": "Refuted", "location": "KE", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67cf03fa35531374f6d5a82c#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Mogadishu (HOL) - Al Shabab militants killed 12 civilians drilling a well in drought-ravaged southern Somalia on Friday.", "source_url": "https://www.hiiraan.com/news4/2022/oct/188060/al_shabab_killed_12_civilians_at_a_water_well_in_gedi_region_and_burned_their_bodies.aspx", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where was the image taken?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cf03fa35531374f6d5a82c#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.hiiraan.com/news4/2022/oct/188060/al_shabab_killed_12_civilians_at_a_water_well_in_gedi_region_and_burned_their_bodies.aspx", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Al Shabab militants killed 12 civilians drilling a well in drought-ravaged southern Somalia on Friday."}], "question": "Did the attack happen in Kenya?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that the attack was in Somalia, not Kenya.", "claim_text": "Image shows a well-drilling truck burnt by Al-Shabaab militants in Kenya.", "claim_images": ["67cf03fa35531374f6d5a82c#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@abuga_makori", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://perma.cc/AEB4-F7QL", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240310013802/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.32KA4DF", "date": "2022-09-18", "label": "Refuted", "location": "BD", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67cf061235531374f6d5ab00#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": " October 7, 2020. ", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/Z6H2-956Y", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the photo taken?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cf061235531374f6d5ab00#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Bangladesh Rapid Action Battalion (RAB) personnel patrol on the street at Jamtoli refugee camp near Cox's Bazar on October 7, 2020. Bangladesh has sent more troops into the world's largest refugee camp, police said on October 7, after days of fighting between rival Rohingya drug gangs left seven people dead.", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/Z6H2-956Y", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the photo show?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving the security forces entered the Rohinga camp because of infighting among the Rohinga, not in retaliation for Myanmar shelling Bangladesh.", "claim_text": "Bangladeshi security forces are searching a Rohinga refugee camp for Arakan Army members in retaliation for the Myanmar military's mortar and shelling in Bangladesh.", "claim_images": ["67cf061235531374f6d5ab00#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Ko Thet", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://perma.cc/R93B-5F2N", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Consultation", "Media Source Discovery"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220928223255/https://checkyourfact.com/2022/08/10/fact-check-trump-rally-wisconsin-2022/", "date": "2022-08-06", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67cf0eb035531374f6d5f0f9#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "3:48 AM \u00b7 Nov 3, 2020\n", "source_url": "https://twitter.com/DanScavino/status/1323472216000995329", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the picture taken?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cf0eb035531374f6d5f0f9#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The photo shows a Trump rally that occurred in Kenosha, Wisconsin on Nov 2, 2020. ", "source_url": "https://twitter.com/DanScavino/status/1323472216000995329", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the photo show?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://www.jsonline.com/story/news/politics/elections/2022/08/06/trump-rally-tim-michels-waukesha-five-takeaways/10254786002/", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Trump held a rally in Waukesha, Wisconsin Aug. 5 for gubernatorial candidate Tim Michels."}], "question": "Did Trump hold a rally in Wisconsin in  Aug 2022?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cf0eb035531374f6d5f0f9#INPUT#3#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Trump held a rally in Waukesha, Wisconsin, on August 5, 2022, in support of gubernatorial candidate Tim Michels.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220928223255/https://checkyourfact.com/2022/07/18/fact-check-trump-rally-refund-north-carolina/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When and where did Trump\u2019s 2022 Wisconsin rally take place?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cf0eb035531374f6d5f0f9#INPUT#4#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The image was taken during a Trump rally in Wisconsin on November 2, 2020, and was originally shared on Twitter by Tim Murtaugh, Trump\u2019s 2020 communications director, and former White House aide Dan Scavino.  \n", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220928223255/https://www.jsonline.com/story/news/politics/elections/2020/11/02/trump-returns-wisconsin-election-eve-rally-kenosha/6122031002/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image of the Trump rally actually taken?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "CLAIM_IMG_0 was posted on x.com on 2 Nov 2020 in Kenosha, Wisconsin. \nTrump held a rally in Waukesha, Wisconsin Aug. 5, 2022 for gubernatorial candidate Tim Michels but the photo is not from the Trump/Michels rally.", "claim_text": "Photo shows a Trump rally in Waukesha, Wisconsin held on August 5, 2022.", "claim_images": ["67cf0eb035531374f6d5f0f9#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "William Hall", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://scontent-det1-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/475361134_1059373436212111_134887932188345577_n.jpg?_nc_cat=109&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=833d8c&_nc_ohc=7WbM8NYYbxIQ7kNvgGopALI&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-det1-1.xx&_nc_gid=AEaMHvcE-gX1xPpKTLJ6Bxy&oh=00_AYDHybt_xWDVqNeLnnwdagaUEWPazkb0gDl5BhjIicm1Vg&oe=679F5583", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=436705168478944&set=a.411082767707851", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240622190150/https://checkyourfact.com/2022/07/15/fact-check-dutch-prime-ministers-jet-stolen/", "date": "2022-07-15", "label": "Refuted", "location": "NL", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67cf120335531374f6d5f3d9#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "It's a screenshot from a video that it was filmed in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240622190150/https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/84734712-jet-being-towed-tractor-hanger", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where was the image taken?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cf120335531374f6d5f3d9#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The image is from 2019.", "source_url": "https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/84734712-jet-being-towed-tractor-hanger", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image taken?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that the image from a video filmed in the African DRC in 2019, not the Dutch Prime Minister's jet.", "claim_text": "Image shows a Dutch farmer using a tractor to steal Dutch Prime Minister Mark Rutte\u2019s private jet.", "claim_images": ["67cf120335531374f6d5f3d9#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "theinformedvoters", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search", "Keyword Search", "Image Analysis", "Video Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250115082511/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2022/12/02/fact-check-image-beer-disguised-pepsi-2015-not-world-cup/10809926002/", "date": "2022-11-25", "label": "Refuted", "location": "QA", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67cf13fb35531374f6d5fc3a#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Nov. 13, 2015", "source_url": "https://www.thestar.com/news/world/saudi-customs-officials-find-heineken-beer-disguised-as-pepsi/article_5160691d-ce2c-53b7-8e79-f1acc0f126fc.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image taken?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cf13fb35531374f6d5fc3a#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The photo is from Saudi Arabia in 2015, not the World Cup in Qatar in 2022.", "source_url": "https://www.reuters.com/article/factcheck-alcohol-qatar/fact-check-photo-of-heineken-cans-disguised-as-pepsi-is-unrelated-to-the-world-cup-in-qatar-idUSL1N32Q19S", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where was the image taken?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving the cans were illicitly smuggled into Saudi Arabia in 2015 and not into the 2022 World Cup.", "claim_text": "Fans were smuggling beer disguised as Pepsi cans into the FIFA World Cup.", "claim_images": ["67cf13fb35531374f6d5fc3a#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Alisha Lehmann", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.org/details/screenshot-2022-12-02-080409", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230208162734/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.32EG3D2", "date": "2022-07-12", "label": "Refuted", "location": "CN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67cf17b035531374f6d6012c#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": " The incident occurred in the province's North Bolaang Mongondow regency.", "source_url": "https://beritamanado.com/viral-video-detik-detik-tenda-pernikahan-roboh-yang-nyaris-timpa-wabup-bolmut-amin-lasena/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where was the photo taken?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "\"On June 22, at approximately 11:40 am, a group of people in Nanyang Village Group 13, Nanyang town, Shanghang county, Longyan city, Fujian province, had set up a banquet in an alley between the front and back of two homes. A sunshade cloth was attached to the two rooftops. Due to excess pressure on one side pulling on the surrounding brick wall of the roof, it collapsed and caused nine deaths and seven injuries.\"", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230130135411/http://www.xhby.net/index/202106/t20210622_7132897.shtml", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where there any wedding casualties in China?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cf17b035531374f6d6012c#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The photo is actually from Indonesia. It shows a wedding tent that collapsed in October 2020, but no one was hurt. ", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230208162734im_/https://factcheck.afp.com/sites/default/files/styles/list_xl/public/medias/factchecking/g2/2022-07/578accac84b41d6b16c0321a18016f10.jpeg?itok=--1kY7aV", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Does this photo actually show a deadly wedding accident in China?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "There's no evidence of that. There was a wedding-related accident in China in 2021 where a brick wall collapsed, but it resulted in 9 deaths, not 37.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230208162734/https://goo.gl/maps/hKvQ512nmnmq5dNp6", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Did 37 people really die at a wedding in China?\n", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "CLAIM_IMG_0 was taken in October of 2020 when a wedding tent collapsed in Indonesia and no one was hurt.\nOn June 22, 2021 a group of people in Nanyang Village Group 13, Nanyang town, Shanghang county, Longyan city, Fujian province in China set up a banquet in an alley between the front and back of two homes. A sunshade cloth was attached to the two rooftops. Due to wind the brick wall collapsed and caused 9 deaths and 7 injuries.", "claim_text": "A photo shows a wedding  tent that collapsed and killed 37 people, including the bride and groom, in China.", "claim_images": ["67cf17b035531374f6d6012c#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Praysi Erika Balansa", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/groups/246371627271353/permalink/557398822835297", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220807081318/https://www.boomlive.in/fact-check/viral-photo-damaged-road-india-thailand-potholes-fact-check-social-media-18654", "date": "2022-07-28", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67cf2e8735531374f6d69319#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The picture was taken in Thailand.", "source_url": "https://news.thaipbs.or.th/content/283602", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where was the picture taken?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cf2e8735531374f6d69319#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The photo shows the damaged condition of \"Ban Huai Thom-Na Nong Daeng road, Pa Ko Subdistrict, Chanuman District, Amnat Charoen Province.\"\n", "source_url": "https://news.thaipbs.or.th/content/283602", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the picture show?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that the image was taken in Thailand, not India.", "claim_text": "A picture shows the poor conditions of roads in India.", "claim_images": ["67cf2e8735531374f6d69319#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Amrit Lagar Nissing", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/amritlagarofficial/posts/pfbid02iSbKB72Zg2dw96B7scLLt4FdReoi1iisgPe8NG1TPnFm9M5hLkJargMBYESGJo7ml", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220919133411/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.32GE6UM", "date": "2022-08-09", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67cf359735531374f6d6a4c3#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "August 7, 2022", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=599004341796291&set=a.352535966443131", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the picture first posted?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related", "Metadata-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cf359735531374f6d6a4c3#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": " The picture was taken at a press meeting in Chennai in southern India, which was attended by other stars from the film three days before the film's official release.  ", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=599004341796291&set=a.352535966443131", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the picture show?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that the image was taken at a press meet three days prior to the film's release, not at its premier.", "claim_text": "Photo shows low turnout at premiere of the movie \"Laal Singh Chaddha.\"", "claim_images": ["67cf359735531374f6d6a4c3#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Gandhar Agarwal", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://lite.evernote.com/note/eaf07ca0-8d6f-44b6-b3d7-511417374c02", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220729034104/https://newsmobile.in/articles/2022/07/28/fact-check-old-image-shared-as-hindus-being-attacked-in-south-west-bangladesh/", "date": "2022-07-16", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67cf444c35531374f6d6ac6b#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "March 26, 2021.", "source_url": "https://www.bd-journal.com/bangladesh/154406/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%9F-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%AC", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image first published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cf444c35531374f6d6ac6b#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Madrasa students went on a rampage in Brahmanbaria following the clash between police and students at Hathazari Madrasa in custody-controlled Chittagong.\u201d\n\n", "source_url": "https://www.bd-journal.com/bangladesh/154406/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%9F-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%AC", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the image show?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving the image is of rioting Madrasa students in 2021, not of communal violence in 2022.", "claim_text": "An image of Muslims standing with sticks and setting fire to objects is of the 2022 communal violence.", "claim_images": ["67cf444c35531374f6d6ac6b#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Taposh Halder", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/taposh.halder.7509/posts/pfbid02AFkgeEJtShCCkbHkDPa9Bimqk6fUCdVQWy5WBoHgJBgrFfcsizsC5ztEbhV4CSakl", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221219082747/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.333A3TD", "date": "2022-12-07", "label": "Refuted", "location": "FJ", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67cf465f35531374f6d6af6d#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "November 4, 2019.", "source_url": "https://archive.vn/ZsqYw", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the photo of the 3 men taken?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cf465f35531374f6d6af6d#INPUT#1#0.jpg", "67cf465f35531374f6d6af6d#INPUT#1#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The photo was taken at the Star Printery\u2019s paper products workshop in Raiwai.", "source_url": "https://archive.vn/ZsqYw#selection-881.73-881.130", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where was the photo taken?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cf465f35531374f6d6af6d#INPUT#2#0.jpg", "67cf465f35531374f6d6af6d#INPUT#2#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Star Printery Pte Limited directors Sandeep Chauhan (left) and Vikesh Chauhan with Attorney-General and Minister for Economy Aiyaz Sayed-Khaiyum.", "source_url": "https://archive.vn/ZsqYw#selection-881.73-881.130", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who are the men in the photo?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cf465f35531374f6d6af6d#INPUT#3#0.jpg", "67cf465f35531374f6d6af6d#INPUT#3#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.fbcnews.com.fj/news/fijian-elections/fijifirst-lambasts-abc-and-correspondent-for-alleged-misinformation/", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Sayed-Khaiyum provided evidence that he was not in Suva on the day of the allegation."}], "question": "Did Aiyaz Sayed-Khaiyum visit a ballot printing facility shortly before the polls in December 2022?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is refuted by proving that the image shows Sayed-Khaiyum visiting a paper products company, not a ballot printing facility.", "claim_text": "Image shows the general secretary of the ruling FijiFirst party Aiyaz Sayed-Khaiyum visiting a ballot printing facility shortly before the polls.", "claim_images": ["67cf465f35531374f6d6af6d#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67cf465f35531374f6d6af6d#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Kai Viti", "transcription": "star printery directors, sandeep and vikesh chauhan, lead a team of deddicated, hard-working individuals who together strive to deliver the best ppossible experience and outcomes for our clients.", "media_source": "blob:https://lite.evernote.com/7fb6c8a3-c221-48bb-a9a3-d56f6ab6b444,blob:https://lite.evernote.com/9da864cd-b038-4e41-a1da-e773766bbdca", "original_claim_url": "https://lite.evernote.com/note/133d431b-28df-4dd2-8661-5f79528781ac", "reporting_source": "facebook", "claim_types": ["Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250115082227/https://www.newsmobile.in/nm-fact-checker/fact-check-2016-picture-of-a-snake-found-in-aeromexico-flight-falsely-linked-to-recent-a-i-express-boeing-incident/", "date": "2022-12-11", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67cf471535531374f6d6afb0#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Nov 7, 2016", "source_url": "https://twitter.com/ABC/status/795724645588729856", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image first published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related", "Metadata-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The green reptile emerged suddenly on an Aeromexico flight from Torreon in the country\u2019s north to Mexico City on Sunday, slithering out from behind an overhead luggage compartment.", "source_url": "https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/nov/08/snake-on-a-plane-passengers-flight-mexico-city", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What flight was the snake on?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is refuted by proving that the snake was on an Aeromexico flight out of Mexico City, not an Air India flight.", "claim_text": "Photos show a snake that was found in the cargo hold of an Air India Express Boeing B-737 flight from Calicut to Dubai.", "claim_images": ["67cf471535531374f6d6afb0#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67cf471535531374f6d6afb0#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Expatriates in Bahrain", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/ExpatBH/photos/a.2767366569966040/5613268752042460/", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Reverse Image Search", "Keyword Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230319111852/https://www.indiatoday.in/fact-check/story/italian-pm-did-not-refuse-to-shake-hands-with-pm-modi-complete-picture-2344118-2023-03-08", "date": "2023-03-04", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67cf4df535531374f6d6b8d6#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "On March 2, 2023", "source_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j3gsgbEptw8&t=463s", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image taken?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related", "Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cf4df535531374f6d6b8d6#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j3gsgbEptw8&t=463s", "source_medium": "Video", "boolean_explanation": "At the 7.42-second timestamp of that video, PM Modi can be seen offering a handshake to his Italian counterpart while Meloni folded her hands in 'Namaste'. This awkward moment, however, was over in the blink of an eye, as Meloni immediately shook hands with the Indian Prime Minister."}], "question": "Did Meloni refuse to shake Modi's hand?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Text-related", "Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The interaction took place at a public event where Modi extended his hand for a handshake. Meloni initially greeted him with a 'Namaste' gesture but shook his hand almost immediately afterward.  \n", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230319111852/https://youtu.be/j3gsgbEptw8?t=463", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What was the context of the interaction between Giorgia Meloni and Narendra Modi? ", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cf4df535531374f6d6b8d6#INPUT#3#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Yes, video footage shows that after a brief pause, Meloni did shake Modi\u2019s hand, contradicting claims that she refused.  ", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230319111852/https://youtu.be/QZE3qLtpW3w?t=315", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Is there video evidence of Meloni shaking Modi's hand?  ", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cf4df535531374f6d6b8d6#INPUT#4#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Yes, the claim was spread using a still image that captures the moment before the handshake occurred, making it seem like Meloni refused.  ", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230319111852/https://youtu.be/j3gsgbEptw8?t=463", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Was the claim based on a still image rather than the full video?  \n", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The answers show that the image was just one from the event and the rest of the video shows them shaking hands so the claim is refuted.", "claim_text": "Italy's Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni refuses to shake hands with PM Narendra Modi. ", "claim_images": ["67cf4df535531374f6d6b8d6#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Alka Lamba", "transcription": "\u00a9Anil Sharma/Indian Express", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230319111852/https://youtu.be/nXWOmS23xEE?t=61", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230319111852/https://twitter.com/LambaAlka/status/1631898596114329601", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Keyword Search", "Video Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240723201803/https://factly.in/old-rs-500-notes-issued-under-different-rbi-governors-can-have-the-same-serial-number/", "date": "2022-06-01", "label": "Refuted", "location": "", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://rbidocs.rbi.org.in/rdocs/PressRelease/PDFs/IEPR442IBI.pdf", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "All banknotes in the denomination of Rs.500/- in\nMahatma Gandhi series issued by the Bank from the year 2000 will continue to be\nlegal tender."}], "question": "Are old 500-rupee currency notes having the same serial number but with the signatures of two different RBI governors legal tender", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://m.rbi.org.in/scripts/FAQView.aspx?Id=136", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": " \u201cYes, it is possible to have two or more banknotes with the same serial number, but they would either have a different Inset Letter or year of printing or signature of a different Governor of RBI. An Inset Letter is an alphabet printed on the Number Panel of the banknote. There can be notes without any inset letter also\u201d."}], "question": "Is it possible to have two or more banknotes with the same serial number?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is refuted by proving with official Bank of India documents that it is possible to have two banknotes with the same serial number but signed by different governors and that both are legal tender.", "claim_text": " Old 500-rupee currency notes having the same serial number but with the signatures of two different RBI governors indicates a scam by the UPA government.", "claim_images": ["67cf698835531374f6d739af#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Gopal Krishna Mishra", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "http://web.archive.org/web/20220925055921/https://www.facebook.com/www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=24063237028", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted", "Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221111021911/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2022/10/17/fact-check-false-claim-israeli-shekel-predicted-9-11/10488769002/", "date": "2022-10-11", "label": "Refuted", "location": "", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67cf6d6635531374f6d7654b#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The image shows a  commemorative medal from 1967. It commemorates the Six-Day War, which was fought in June 1967 between Israel and the Arab states of Egypt, Syria and Jordan.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221025090231/https://www.cincinnatijudaicafund.com/Detail/objects/2301/representation_id/7646", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the image show?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cf6d6635531374f6d7654b#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "caption:\nThe back / reverse has a legend in Hebrew along the edge \"With G-d's Will Was Saved the Peace of the World\" with images of a plane, a tank and the Torah.", "source_url": "https://www.cincinnatijudaicafund.com/Detail/objects/2301/representation_id/7647", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Does the medal feature a plane and twin towers?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is refuted by proving with an authoritative source that the  image shows a plane, a tank, and the Torah, not the Twin Towers.", "claim_text": "Israeli 'shekel' from 1968 predicted Sept. 11 terrorist attacks", "claim_images": ["67cf6d6635531374f6d7654b#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Jen Hill", "transcription": "1968 Israeli 'shekel  33 years before 9/11/2001", "media_source": "https://www.cincinnatijudaicafund.com/Detail/objects/2301/representation_id/7647#", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/jencaleabree.celestehill/posts/pfbid036h4XufoPSutbddaiyGP3Xh2tVZ3NeE5utsnWpbfN4qoZz8G6up5BCCc3FArv2fTel", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Causal Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240523215743/https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/celebrity-reactions-meat-dress/", "date": "2019-10-16", "label": "Not Enough Evidence", "location": "", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67cf6dc335531374f6d7686d#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The picture above was taken during, or at least on the day of, the 2010 VMAs", "source_url": "https://www.reddit.com/r/HumanPorn/comments/disvmv/the_genuine_initial_reactions_of_various/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the picture taken?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cf6dc335531374f6d7686d#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Unanswerable", "answer_text": "No answer could be found."}], "question": "Is there any evidence that the picture shows music stars' reactions to seeing Lady Gaga in her now-iconic dress made from meat at the 2010 MTV Video Music Awards?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is neither supported nor refuted. No evidence is provided either way.", "claim_text": "A photograph shows music stars' reactions to seeing Lady Gaga in her now-iconic dress made from meat at the 2010 MTV Video Music Awards.", "claim_images": ["67cf6dc335531374f6d7686d#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": " JOSEMEIJITCAPA", "transcription": "The genuine initial eaction of various celebrities including (Katy Perry, Rihana, Kesha, Justine Bieber and Jaden Smith, among others) when Lady Gaga showed up on stage during the MTV Video Music Awards 2010 wearing her iconic (\"Meat Dress\").", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.ph/1qUBn", "reporting_source": "Reddit", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": [], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230417035627/https://www.indiatoday.in/fact-check/story/did-presidency-in-kolkata-allow-iftar-but-refuse-saraswati-puja-viral-claim-is-misleading-2356765-2023-04-06", "date": "2023-04-05", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "5th April. Iftar Majlis was celebrated at Kolkata's Eden Hindu Hostel.", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/EdenHinduHostel/posts/pfbid02JR6xEMJQ3nSzXcNUsLXc7siF2fcx5A2najwtuwLiyi8Z4nVbPvisq9536tkzEDXml", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where was the Iftar party organized on April 5, 2023?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "the campus of Eden Hindu Hostel is not connected to the Presidency University campus and is located between institutions like Hare School, University of Calcutta, and the Darbhanga Building. The approximate distance between both campuses is 500 meters.\n\n", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230417035627im_/https://akm-img-a-in.tosshub.com/indiatoday/styles/medium_crop_simple/public/2023-04/image_4_9.jpg?VersionId=o_p8zP6.xZevOCGLw9mRJncxZyRil7IN", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Is Eden Hindu hostel connected to the Presidency University?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cf6e4235531374f6d76b8f#INPUT#2#0.jpg", "67cf6e4235531374f6d76b8f#INPUT#2#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": " The Iftar Majlis was celebrated at Kolkata's Eden Hindu Hostel.  ", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230417035627/https://www.presiuniv.ac.in/web/hostel.php", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where was the Iftar party organized on April 5, 2023?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cf6e4235531374f6d76b8f#INPUT#3#0.jpg", "67cf6e4235531374f6d76b8f#INPUT#3#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The Eden Hindu Hostel is not connected to the Presidency University campus. It is located between institutions like Hare School, the University of Calcutta, and the Darbhanga Building, approximately 500 meters away from the university.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230417035627/https://bit.ly/4139KfO", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Is Eden Hindu Hostel connected to the Presidency University campus? ", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The answers show that the images were not taken at the university so the claim is refuted. The images were from Kolkata's Eden Hindu Hostel which is not part of the Presidency university.", "claim_text": "On April 5, an Iftar party was organized at Presidency University, Kolkata, which had earlier denied permission for Saraswati Puja inside the campus.", "claim_images": ["67cf6e4235531374f6d76b8f#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67cf6e4235531374f6d76b8f#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Keya Ghosh", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230417035629im_/https://web.archive.org/web/20230406093224im_/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/Fs96CazakAA4Z74?format=jpg&name=large", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230417035629/https://web.archive.org/web/20230406093224/https://twitter.com/keyakahe/status/1643666573805383680", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Image Analysis", "Video Analysis", "Geolocation"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": [], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250115092524/https://www.newsmobile.in/nm-fact-checker/fact-check-old-image-from-bihar-viral-as-that-of-flooded-showroom-in-mumbai/", "date": "2022-07-07", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67cf738a35531374f6d78313#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Sat 28 Sep 2019 in a news article with a caption:\"Patna raymond showroom flooded\".", "source_url": "https://www.naidunia.com/national-pics-heavy-rain-in-bihar-patna-raymond-showroom-flooded-3169956", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the photo first published?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cf738a35531374f6d78313#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://stores.myraymond.com/mystore/raymondstore.php?store_id=18", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Raymond - Made to Measure is located at:\nAddress:  Shop No. 8 & 9, Ground floor, Golden Chambers, Andheri Link Road,Andheri (w),Mumbai-400053."}], "question": "Is there a Raymond's Showroom in Mumbai?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cf738a35531374f6d78313#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://www.mappls.com/djzj4v", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Located at: Shop No C-02 ground floor NP Centre New Dak Bungalow Road Patna, Bihar 800001. "}], "question": "Is there a Raymond Showrom in Patna, Bihar?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cf738a35531374f6d78313#INPUT#3#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Returning monsoon wreaked havoc in Bihar, water entered Raymond showroom in Patna.", "source_url": "https://www.naidunia.com/national-pics-heavy-rain-in-bihar-patna-raymond-showroom-flooded-3169956", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Which Raymond Showroom flooded, Mumbai or Patna, Bihar?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The photo was first published in 2019, 3 years before the claim date. A showroom was flooded by a monsoon, but it was located in Patna, Bihar not Mumbai. The flooding was not recent  and the showroom was not located in Mumbai, so the claim is refuted.", "claim_text": "Image shows recent flooding in Raymond's Borival garment showroom in Mumbai.", "claim_images": ["67cf738a35531374f6d78313#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Nisheeta Dixit", "transcription": "Swimming Suits", "media_source": "https://scontent-man2-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/292132014_10220579180325538_3016557510092190588_n.jpg?_nc_cat=100&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=127cfc&_nc_ohc=llPW51EzVxAQ7kNvgGuR-0s&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-man2-1.xx&_nc_gid=A3liDXuhQ2akw4mmAhYbYYl&oh=00_AYDgInQnzhqGp8bXIj7B42-r1G_upDxyRmqc5yRlBCp1Yg&oe=67A1BC9A", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/drnisheeta.nishu/posts/pfbid02gKq9L8dfiUaWWF13cY6r6S264HcRTnmsaVRKomxmLxfmb6UakonCNYGd8m62qkkvl", "reporting_source": "facebook", "claim_types": ["Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250115101111/https://www.weareiowa.com/article/news/verify/california-illinois-and-oregon-counties-did-not-vote-to-secede-elections-fact-check/536-f2dda12c-9d94-4c3f-862d-b640959d0b7a", "date": "2022-11-10", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67cf7a5d35531374f6d7ad89#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The voters of San Bernardino County, California have voted to secede from the state with 51.26% voting yes on County Measure EE.\n", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221115180927/https://twitter.com/YesCalifornia/status/1590704147946680322", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What was the text in the Tweet associated with the original claim that included the 0-th image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "ADVISORY VOTE ONLY\nDo the people of San Bernardino County want San Bernardino County elected representatives\nto study and advocate for all options to obtain the County\u2019s fair share of state funding, up to and\nincluding secession from the State of California?", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240630171006/https://uploads.rov.sbcounty.gov/rov/Elections/2022/1108/Measures/County/SBC-Notice-Advisory.pdf", "source_medium": "PDF"}], "question": "What was County Measure EE the original Tweet referred to?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "An advisory vote is an \u201cindication of general voter opinion regarding the ballot proposal,\u201d according to a San Bernardino County interoffice memo. ", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221120032021/https://rovuploads.sbcounty.gov/Elections/2022/1108/Measures/County/SBC-Impartial-Advisory.pdf", "source_medium": "PDF"}], "question": "What is an advisory vote?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "No Arguments For or Against the measure were filed\n", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250115173144/https://sbcountyelections.com/elections/2022/1108/measures/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What was the result of the vote according to SBC's Registrar of Voters\u2019 website?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is refuted by proving that the result was not an actual vote that was recorded, but was an advisory indicating the sentiment of voters to initiate a study.", "claim_text": "San Bernardino County voted to secede from the California state. ", "claim_images": ["67cf7a5d35531374f6d7ad89#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@YesCalifornia", "transcription": "Total 103,199 51.26% 98,112 48.74% 201,311", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221115180927im_/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FhNQ_ivWQAEhUcx?format=jpg&name=medium", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221115180927/https://twitter.com/YesCalifornia/status/1590704147946680322", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted"], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240915164505/https://www.thequint.com/news/webqoof/old-poster-of-nitish-kumar-shared-as-recent", "date": "2022-08-09", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67cf863435531374f6d7e2b7#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "A news report on TV9 Hindi published Oct 07, 2020.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240522172336/https://www.tv9hindi.com/state/bihar/bihar-assembly-election-jdu-poster-of-nitish-kumar-and-his-works-and-commitmets-311230.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Can the poster in the 0-th image be linked back to anything else?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cf863435531374f6d7e2b7#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Bihar 2020 assembly election JDU poster", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240522172336/https://www.tv9hindi.com/state/bihar/bihar-assembly-election-jdu-poster-of-nitish-kumar-and-his-works-and-commitmets-311230.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Why were the posters put up?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is refuted by proving the poster was erected in 2020, not 2022, for the Bihar JDU election.", "claim_text": "Posters of \"Nitish Sabke Hain\" were put up recently after Nitish Kumar broke alliance with Bharatiya Janata Party. ", "claim_images": ["67cf863435531374f6d7e2b7#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@ANI", "transcription": "\u0928\u0940\u0924\u0940\u0936 \u0938\u092c\u0915\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220809113549im_/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FZtyFnsUUAIeaZo?format=jpg&name=medium", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220809113549/https://twitter.com/ANI/status/1556964084855103488", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search", "Keyword Search", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230703073916/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.32H439B", "date": "2022-07-23", "label": "Refuted", "location": "", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67d036a735531374f6d98ece#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The image shows an Ainu woman. The Ainu or in historical Japanese texts Ezo, are an indigenous people of Japan (Hokkaido, and formerly northeastern Honshu) and Russia (Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands). Historically, they spoke the Ainu language and related varieties and lived in Hokkaid\u014d, the Kuril Islands, and much of Sakhalin.", "source_url": "https://www.alamy.com/the-ainu-or-in-historical-japanese-texts-ezo-are-an-indigenous-people-of-japan-hokkaido-and-formerly-northeastern-honshu-and-russia-sakhalin-and-the-kuril-islands-historically-they-spoke-the-ainu-language-and-related-varieties-and-lived-in-hokkaid-the-kuril-islands-and-much-of-sakhalin-most-of-those-who-identify-themselves-as-ainu-still-live-in-this-same-region-though-the-exact-number-of-living-ainu-is-unknown-this-is-due-to-confusion-over-mixed-heritages-and-to-ethnic-issu", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the image show?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d036a735531374f6d98ece#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Circa 1900.", "source_url": "http://www.picturesfromhistory.com/index.search.php", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image taken?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d036a735531374f6d98ece#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The woman in the photo is an indigenous Ainu woman from Japan, likely from Hokkaido, and not the Chinese pirate queen Ching Shih.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230703073916/https://www.alamy.com/the-ainu-or-in-historical-japanese-texts-ezo-are-an-indigenous-people-of-japan-hokkaido-and-formerly-northeastern-honshu-and-russia-sakhalin-and-the-kuril-islands-historically-they-spoke-the-ainu-language-and-related-varieties-and-lived-in-hokkaid-the-kuril-islands-and-much-of-sakhalin-most-of-those-who-identify-themselves-as-ainu-still-live-in-this-same-region-though-the-exact-number-of-living-ainu-is-unknown-this-is-due-to-confus", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is the woman in the black-and-white photo mistakenly claimed to be Ching Shih?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d036a735531374f6d98ece#INPUT#3#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The woman is identified as an Ainu from Hokkaido.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230703073916/https://older.minpaku.ac.jp/english/aboutus/pe/ohtsuka/index", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "How was the true identity of the woman in the photo verified?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The answers show that the woman in the picture is not the Chinese pirate queen but an Ainu woman from Hokkaido so the claim is refuted.", "claim_text": "A black-and-white photo of a woman shows the Chinese pirate queen Ching Shih, who was active in the early 19th century. ", "claim_images": ["67d036a735531374f6d98ece#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Fearless", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230401044003/https://www.alamy.com/the-ainu-or-in-historical-japanese-texts-ezo-are-an-indigenous-people-of-japan-hokkaido-and-formerly-northeastern-honshu-and-russia-sakhalin-and-the-kuril-islands-historically-they-spoke-the-ainu-language-and-related-varieties-and-lived-in-hokkaid-the-kuril-islands-and-much-of-sakhalin-most-of-those-who-identify-themselves-as-ainu-still-live-in-this-same-region-though-the-exact-number-of-living-ainu-is-unknown-this-is-due-to-confus", "original_claim_url": "https://perma.cc/T8TU-9QQW?view-mode=client-side", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Media Source Discovery", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250115084734/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2022/08/25/fact-check-fake-list-banned-florida-books-circulates-widely-online/7876468001/", "date": "2022-08-21", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67d03ae235531374f6d9d6db#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "No state-level book bans in Florida\nHB1467, an education bill, passed the state legislature earlier this year and was signed into law by DeSantis. It allows parents to review and contest all instructional materials, including books. The law also sets term limits for school board members, creates selection requirements for school materials and compels districts to hold meetings related to instructional materials in public.\n\n", "source_url": "https://www.flsenate.gov/Committees/billsummaries/2022/html/2823", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Did the government of Florida ban this list of books from schools and libraries?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related", "Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d03ae235531374f6d9d6db#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.fldoe.org/core/fileparse.php/7539/urlt/elabeststandardsfinal.pdf", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "No banned books and at least five of books on the list are endorsed as exemplary of a \"rich literary tradition\" in a guide to the state's current educational standards for English Language Arts, including \"To Kill a Mockingbird,\" \"1984,\" \"Of Mice and Men,\" \"The Call of the Wild\" and \"Lord of the Flies\"."}], "question": "Are any of these books banned in Florida?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related", "Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d03ae235531374f6d9d6db#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Florida has not issued any statewide book bans. The list is fabricated.  ", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250115084734/https://www.flsenate.gov/Committees/BillSummaries/2022/html/2823", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Has Florida officially banned the books listed in the viral image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Yes, books like To Kill a Mockingbird and 1984 are part of Florida\u2019s recommended reading materials.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250115084734/https://www.fldoe.org/core/fileparse.php/7539/urlt/elabeststandardsfinal.pdf", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Are any books on the list actually recommended for schools in Florida?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "Based on evidence, none of the books are banned in Florida and at least five of the books on the list are endorsed as exemplary of a \"rich literary tradition\" in a guide to the state's current educational standards for English Language Arts, including \"To Kill a Mockingbird,\" \"1984,\" \"Of Mice and Men,\" \"The Call of the Wild\" and \"The Lord of the Flies.\" Hence, Florida did not issue any statewide book bans. The list is fabricated.  ", "claim_text": "Image shows a list of books that are banned from schools and libraries in Florida.", "claim_images": ["67d03ae235531374f6d9d6db#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Randi Weingarten ", "transcription": "Banned Book LIst", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220821211113/https://twitter.com/rweingarten/status/1561407508945805316", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240705230241/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.32KN3HL", "date": "2022-09-23", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IR", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67d03f2035531374f6d9d9f9#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "December 30, 2017 ", "source_url": "https://archive.ph/8IZ2o", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the photo first published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related", "Metadata-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d03f2035531374f6d9d9f9#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "A reverse image search found the second photo was published by Iran's state-run Mehr News Agency on January 6, 2020.", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/8MCM-NC6V", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image first published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related", "Metadata-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is refuted by proving the images are from 2017 and 2020; therefore, they cannot be to counter the anti-hijab protests in 2022.", "claim_text": "Photos show pro-government rallies in Iran held to counter anti-hijab protests that have rocked the country since mid-September 2022.", "claim_images": ["67d03f2035531374f6d9d9f9#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67d03f2035531374f6d9d9f9#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Nisar Ali", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://perma.cc/9RFT-QMC6", "original_claim_url": "https://perma.cc/9RFT-QMC6", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240809191557/https://newschecker.in/fact-check/viral/images-of-damaged-houses-are-recent/", "date": "2022-10-09", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67d0410b35531374f6d9dd1d#INPUT#0#0.jpg", "67d0410b35531374f6d9dd1d#INPUT#0#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Pulwama: Remains of a house destroyed in an encounter between militants and security forces at Bahmoo village of Keller, 60 kms from Srinagar.", "source_url": "https://thewire.in/rights/in-kashmir-no-door-to-knock-for-occupants-when-encounters-reduce-homes-to-rubble", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where was the house that was destroyed?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d0410b35531374f6d9dd1d#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "13 June 2018.", "source_url": "https://thewire.in/rights/in-kashmir-no-door-to-knock-for-occupants-when-encounters-reduce-homes-to-rubble", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the photo taken?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d0410b35531374f6d9dd1d#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The photo was taken September 26, 2020 in the Sirhama area of Bijbehara in Anantnag district.\n ", "source_url": "https://kashmirreader.com/2020/09/26/house-blasted-to-rubble-2-militants-killed-4-youths-injured-in-explosion-at-encounter-site/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When and where was the photo taken?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is refuted by proving that the images are from 2018 and 2020, not in 2022 as claimed.", "claim_text": "Images show 2 houses recently destroyed in Kashmir.", "claim_images": ["67d0410b35531374f6d9dd1d#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67d0410b35531374f6d9dd1d#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@fallenchinarr", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://archive.ph/TU042/0a1d2df3cef9ea8e7fae1098d59d9ea2d4f365c7.jpg", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.ph/TU042", "reporting_source": "X ", "claim_types": ["Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241126195231/https://newschecker.in/fact-check/ramlila-in-ayodhya-russian-actors/", "date": "2022-11-01", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67d0483035531374f6d9e093#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Uttar Pradesh Chief The photo shows Minister Yogi Adityanath with artists dressed as Hindu deities Ram, Sita and Laxman during Deepotsav celebrations, on the eve of the Diwali festival, in Ayodhya", "source_url": "https://www.news18.com/photogallery/india/diwali-spirit-grips-nation-from-politicians-to-civilians-heres-how-people-are-celebrating-the-festival-of-lights-in-pics-6233647.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who are the people in the photo?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d0483035531374f6d9e093#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Image", "source_url": "https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/russian-artistes-to-perform-ramlila/articleshow/95039891.cms", "source_medium": "Web text", "image_answers": ["67d0483035531374f6d9e093#ANSWER#1#0#0.jpg"]}, {"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The Russian Actors who performed in Ramlila are: Alexei Fleyjanikav as Laxman; Ildar Khushnilin as Lord Ram and Milana Bychonek as Sita", "source_url": "https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/russian-artistes-to-perform-ramlila/articleshow/95039891.cms", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who are the Russian Actors who performed Ramlila in Ayodhya?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Text-related", "Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is refuted by proving the image is of artists dressed as Hindu deities for the Diwali festival in India", "claim_text": "Image shows Russian actors who performed in Ramlila in Ayodhya.", "claim_images": ["67d0483035531374f6d9e093#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@Staunch_NaMo", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FgVVU3fUYAAO_Pv?format=jpg&name=900x900", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.ph/e2O7X", "reporting_source": "X ", "claim_types": ["Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Keyword Search", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240914141614/https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/sunset-seen-from-space/", "date": "2022-09-28", "label": "Not Enough Evidence", "location": "", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67d0492d35531374f6d9e0e6#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/95674406-sunrise-space-earth-space-version-2018", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": " It is a screenshot from a video created by an artist who goes by pixel25. The video can be found on the stock image site Pond5. "}], "question": "Is there evidence that this is an authentic photo showing the sun setting, as seen from space.", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d0492d35531374f6d9e0e6#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Unanswerable", "answer_text": "No answer could be found."}], "question": "Did Nasa confirm that the video is real satellite footage?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The link provided indicates that the image is derived from NASA satellite images, making the answer not exactly accurate.", "claim_text": "A photograph authentically shows the sun setting, as seen from space", "claim_images": ["67d0492d35531374f6d9e0e6#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@uhd2020", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://www.pond5.com/stock-footage/item/95674406-sunrise-space-earth-space-version-2018", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220921191533/https://twitter.com/uhd2020/status/1571298503783059458", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Media Source Discovery"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": [], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250115072521/https://www.aap.com.au/factcheck/medical-gender-transition-claim-is-simply-not-true/", "date": "2022-10-21", "label": "Refuted", "location": "AU", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The Victorian government said their policy has nothing to do with medical interventions. \u201cOur schools support trans and gender-diverse students to embrace their identity by supporting to express their gender with their uniform and pronouns, and training staff to create supportive spaces for all students,\u201d a representative said in an email.\n\n\u201cSchools support mature minors under the age of 18 to make decisions on their own behalf when it comes to their own identity. This does not include medical transition, which can only be accessed through a medical professional.\u201d", "source_url": "https://www2.education.vic.gov.au/pal/lgbtiq-student-support/policy", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does Victoria government policy say about transitioning?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.legislation.gov.au/C2004A00275/2019-03-10/text", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "\u201cIf there is any dispute between treating medical practitioners or parents regarding a young person\u2019s Gillick competence and/or diagnosis or treatment, a court application is required.\n\n\u201cOnce an application is made, the court will make a finding about the young person\u2019s Gillick competence in all cases. Where the dispute is only regarding an adolescent\u2019s Gillick competence, the court will make an order or declaration under general powers conferred by s 34(1) of the Family Law Act 1975 (Cth) (the Act).\u201d"}], "question": "Are parents stripped of their rights to consent to gender transition?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is refuted by proving with authoritative sources that the law requires only that the schools be inclusive and accepting, not that they interfere with parental rights or have any input on medical procedures", "claim_text": "The Victorian government facilitates stripping parental rights & coercing children into medical procedures they don\u2019t understand.", "claim_images": ["67d04e3d35531374f6d9e410#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Clynton Hawks", "transcription": "GENDER TRANSITION WITHOUT PARENTAL CONSENT? DANIEL ANDREWS Labor POLICY", "media_source": "https://scontent-det1-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/311794048_762764705174654_7889807603580163519_n.jpg?stp=dst-jpg_s640x640_tt6&_nc_cat=105&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=833d8c&_nc_ohc=Wh-yp6Kq2zgQ7kNvgFQImxK&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-det1-1.xx&_nc_gid=AWE8_ghllPJbKDsJnkf9ztL&oh=00_AYC1uhf895qSlYOSgVj4ue1-fhIjg5avfb7tkltcsNqCQA&oe=67A08B61", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/100043233956497/posts/763053915145733", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Media Source Discovery"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted", "Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250115084934/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2022/11/22/fact-check-argentine-boy-starred-vaccine-ad-unrelated-covid-19/10719362002/", "date": "2022-11-14", "label": "Refuted", "location": "", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67d0534735531374f6d9e73e#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.instagram.com/p/CjGSHQ8rTkO/", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "\"Activate Vaccines!!\" reads a translation of the Sept. 29 post's caption. \ufe0f\"National Campaign for Vaccination against measles, mumps, rubella and polio for girls and boys aged 13 months to 4 years old. From October 1 to November 13.\" "}], "question": "Was the boy in the picture a part of Covid-19 vaccination campaign?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d0534735531374f6d9e73e#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Santino Godoy Blanco died Nov. 3 after coming down with a fever and being admitted to a local hospital. An autopsy determined Blanco died from bilateral pneumonia, which involves infection of both lungs. ", "source_url": "https://www.lanacion.com.ar/sociedad/el-desgarrador-relato-de-la-mama-de-santino-godoy-el-nene-que-participo-de-un-spot-nacional-de-nid10112022/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is the boy in the picture and why did he die?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related", "Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is refuted by proving that the poster was for a vaccination campaign against measles, mumps, rubella, and polio, not Covid, and that the boy died of pneumonia.", "claim_text": "Argentine boy who died at age 4 was part of a COVID-19 vaccination ad campaign\n", "claim_images": ["67d0534735531374f6d9e73e#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Glove Schmick", "transcription": "The face of children's COVID vaccinations in Argentina dies at age 4", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://www.instagram.com/p/Ck84cEFv9aO/?utm_source=ig_embed&ig_rid=004e8360-1153-43c2-aa76-015e98de16cb", "reporting_source": "Instagram", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted", "Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240812210021/https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2022/07/fact-check-images-of-beating-do-not-show-vigilante-justice-but-a-ukrainian-being-tortured.html", "date": "2017-09-14", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67d0593635531374f6d9ea70#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The suspected drug dealer who was filmed being tortured to death by pro-Russian rebels has been identified Aleksey Frumkin, 42, from south east Ukraine\n\n", "source_url": "https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3448310/Drug-dealer-tortured-beaten-death-pro-Russian-rebels.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the image show?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d0593635531374f6d9ea70#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.bild.de/politik/ausland/ukraine-konflikt/ostukraine-folter-44585764.bild.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "In October 2014, the Russian said in an interview, residents in cities east of Donetsk alerted him to a drug dealer. He and his men then caught the man in order to punish him \"severely\" with the \"full treatment\". The alleged drug dealer was then confiscated of his substances and he and his cronies were told to stay \"out of sight\".Alex Frumkin comes from the town of Makiivka, east of Donetsk, and would be 42 years old today. He was a big dog lover, appearing in many photos on a social network profile with German shepherds and his pit bull. When the unrest in eastern Ukraine began in April 2014, he protested in front of the town hall of his hometown against the Ukrainian government and for independence for the Donetsk region."}], "question": "Is the victim in the image a pedophile from Mississippi who was being punished?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is refuted by proving that the man was a suspected drug dealer tortured to death by pro-Russian rebels.", "claim_text": "Photos show man whipped to death for molesting 2 year old baby", "claim_images": ["67d0593635531374f6d9ea70#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Eddie Lavell Wilson", "transcription": "MAN WHIPPED TO DEATH FOR MOLESTING 2 YEAR OLD BABY | Lol News... Lol News", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220709143157im_/https://leadstories.com/assets_c/2022/07/torture-thumb-650x782-3092124.jpg", "original_claim_url": "", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery", "Image Analysis", "Video Analysis", "Fact-checker Reference"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240206171841/https://checkyourfact.com/2022/07/15/fact-check-israeli-coin-september-11/", "date": "2022-03-01", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IL", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67d05f5235531374f6d9f0e0#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The image shows 1967 French Israeli Six Day War commemorative medal.", "source_url": "https://www.cincinnatijudaicafund.com/Detail/objects/2301/representation_id/7647", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the image show?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d05f5235531374f6d9f0e0#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.cincinnatijudaicafund.com/Detail/objects/2301/representation_id/7647", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The back / reversehas a legend in Hebrew along the edge \"With G-d's Will Was Saved the Peace of the World\" with images of a plane, a tank and the Torah.\n "}], "question": "Are the twin towers and the plane flying towards them depicted on the medal?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is refuted by proving with an authoritative source that the image shows a plane, a tank, and the Torah, not the Twin Towers.", "claim_text": "Image shows a 1968 Israeli \u201cshekel\u201d coin depicting the September 11, 2001 attacks.", "claim_images": ["67d05f5235531374f6d9f0e0#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "11 11 awakening", "transcription": "1968 Israeli 'shekel 33 YEARS BEFORE 9/11/2001", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221026093124im_/https://scontent-sjc3-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/291740222_575905367318175_6901093833840680234_n.jpg?_nc_cat=104&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=110474&_nc_ohc=a0g_7XmfiZcAX_ug0vn&_nc_ht=scontent-sjc3-1.xx&edm=AN6CN6oEAAAA&oh=00_AT8L_iYu_VFj3Kj-iaHP6LmWi-y9oI6y3aJhjuPfB8lAtw&oe=635BC8DD", "original_claim_url": "", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241125055233/https://www.newsweek.com/china-us-life-expectancy-birth-2021-fact-check-1740991", "date": "2022-09-07", "label": "Not Enough Evidence", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The latest numbers released by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) show that, in 2021, U.S. life expectancy at birth is now 76.1 years, dropping by nearly a full year from the 2020 figure.\n\n", "source_url": "https://www.newsweek.com/americans-can-now-expect-live-three-years-less-cubans-1739507", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is US life expectancy at birth as of 2021 according to CDC?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "77.4", "source_url": "https://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.688", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is China's life expectancy as of 2021?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d065b335531374f6d9f428#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": " Possibly, but the claim relies on comparing different data sets; China\u2019s 2021 estimate and the U.S.\u2019s provisional 2021 data.  ", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241125055233/https://www.newsweek.com/americans-can-now-expect-live-three-years-less-cubans-1739507", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Did China\u2019s life expectancy surpass the U.S. for the first time in 2021?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d065b335531374f6d9f428#INPUT#3#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The claim mixes data from different years and sources, and the U.S. figure is provisional, meaning it could be revised."}], "question": "Why is it difficult to confirm whether China has overtaken the U.S. in life expectancy?", "answer_method": "Image Analysis", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "Based on the QA, The latest numbers released by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) show that, in 2021, U.S. life expectancy at birth is now 76.1 years, dropping by nearly a full year from the 2020 figure. Whereas, China's life expectancy as of 2021 is 77.4 years. Nevertheless, it is difficult to confirm whether China has overtaken the U.S. in life expectancy because the claim mixes data from different years and sources, and the U.S. figure is provisional, meaning it could be revised. So, to have a definitive conclusion,  the information used for comparison should not be homogenous.", "claim_text": "china passes united states in life expectancy", "claim_images": ["67d065b335531374f6d9f428#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Ian Bremmer", "transcription": "Life expectancy at birth, China vs. US 77.1 years 76.1 years", "media_source": "https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FcEM6o-WIAIrzDN?format=jpg&name=medium", "original_claim_url": "https://twitter.com/ianbremmer/status/1567548350035070976", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Numerical Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Numerical Comparison", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": [], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221029161900/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2022/08/04/fact-check-photo-guards-saluting-putin-taken-russia-2020/10214083002/", "date": "2022-07-16", "label": "Refuted", "location": "ZM", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67d07aee35531374f6da3ca7#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The photo was taken on February 5, 2020.", "source_url": "https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/russian-president-vladimir-putin-and-russian-foreign-news-photo/1198806108?adppopup=true", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the photo taken?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d07aee35531374f6da3ca7#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The photo was taken at St. Alexander Hall at the Grand Kremlin Palace in Moscow, Russia.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221001073050/https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/russian-president-vladimir-putin-and-russian-foreign-news-photo/1198806108?adppopup=true", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where was the photo taken?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d07aee35531374f6da3ca7#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The 10th BRICS Summit was held on 25-27 July 2018.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220926090011/https://sdg.iisd.org/events/10th-brics-summit/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the 10th BRICS Summit held in South Africa?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is refuted by proving the image is from 2018 in the Kremlin, while the 10th BRICS summit was in 2018", "claim_text": "Image shows Vladimir Putin being saluted at the 10th BRICS Summit in South Africa", "claim_images": ["67d07aee35531374f6da3ca7#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Ask Muvi TV", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://scontent-man2-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/293769511_5611056288953153_6777490439210893784_n.jpg?_nc_cat=107&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=833d8c&_nc_ohc=-lc7tuzj2rgQ7kNvgH9Pq-0&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-man2-1.xx&_nc_gid=AxiXt_7H-em8QtwNEjar2pI&oh=00_AYCCTx5V0U70RJwnGQAxvWRQqZ2f2hmUe4S7I0-GjeP11Q&oe=67A1C793", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/askmuvi/photos/a.1007951735930321/5611056318953150/", "reporting_source": "facebook", "claim_types": ["Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241125025936/https://factly.in/the-japanese-bullet-train-in-this-photo-suffered-a-crack-on-its-bonnet-after-hitting-a-man-not-an-animal/", "date": "2022-10-13", "label": "Refuted", "location": "JP", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67d07f3b35531374f6da3d01#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.gettyimages.in/detail/news-photo/photo-taken-from-a-kyodo-news-helicopter-on-june-14-shows-a-news-photo/975033760?phrase=Shinkansen%20bullet%20train%20kills%20man%20on%20tracks&adppopup=true", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The train hit and killed a man on the tracks between Hakata and Kokura stations in Fukuoka Prefecture"}], "question": "Did the Japanese bullet train suffer damage to its bonnet after hitting an animal in Japan?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/vande-bharat-express-hits-cattle-suffers-minor-damage-gujarat-2009490-2022-10-07", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The Vande Bharat Express hit a cow near Anand station in Gujarat, resulting in minor damage to the train's nose panel. "}], "question": "Was there a train that did sustain damage after hitting an animal?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is refuted by proving that the train hit and killed a man, not an animal.", "claim_text": "Image shows a Japanese bullet train that suffered damage to its bonnet after hitting an animal in Japan.", "claim_images": ["67d07f3b35531374f6da3d01#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Sanjeev Singh", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://scontent-man2-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/310396030_3408559016045704_5863647274213980825_n.jpg?stp=dst-jpg_s720x720_tt6&_nc_cat=109&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=833d8c&_nc_ohc=Gg82KRWgDLYQ7kNvgGCzjvD&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-man2-1.xx&_nc_gid=AEoRq-GD03m16eE1-YgCpsE&oh=00_AYB02stS3VCf01F42R4BdT8YcEyVLfHe3BGy2JGvYWfaOw&oe=67A41575", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=pfbid024mLo5GXQg8LZnYe95ZGRxtDAvQaGh2iTzZuRsNfbhyu5zC35wLdL3zv1SWDH22idl&id=100006749173634", "reporting_source": "facebook", "claim_types": ["Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240810232805/https://www.aap.com.au/factcheck/victorian-election-fix-claim-is-one-big-joke/", "date": "2022-10-30", "label": "Refuted", "location": "AU", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67d08c7d35531374f6da8701#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The Facebook post (screenshot here) from October 30 uses a screenshot of an October 25 tweet from an account with the handle @auseconomicunit.", "source_url": "https://x.com/auseconomicunit", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where was this post first published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related", "Metadata-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d08c7d35531374f6da8701#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "We are aware of a post circulating online that suggests we have partnered with the World Economic Forum (WEF) to oversee the counting of votes.\n\nThis is completely false. We have not partnered with the WEF or any other organisation to count votes for the State election. 1/2", "source_url": "https://x.com/electionsvic/status/1587600571573628928", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What did the Victorian Electoral Commission (VEC) say about the post?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is refuted by proving with a denial from the Victoria Election Commission that the WEF was not involved.", "claim_text": "The World Economic Forum (WEF) is running Victoria's state election.", "claim_images": ["67d08c7d35531374f6da8701#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Kostas Baris", "transcription": "The Fucking WORLD ECONOMIC FORUM is ruuning VIC Election!!! Told you its Fixed!!! EZFKA @auseconomicunit. 1d EZFKA \"@electionsvic have announced a historic partnership with @wef to oversee and count the votes in the 2022 Victorian State Election, with many other Australian states reportedly expressing interest in their services for future elections.\" EZFKA Victorian Electoral Commission announces World Economic Forum electoral scrutineers will provide 'greater transparency' during state election", "media_source": "https://scontent-det1-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/470681509_1306965427149758_7670151294605384710_n.jpg?_nc_cat=106&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=127cfc&_nc_ohc=P_JLAu9NEwUQ7kNvgF5dvhv&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-det1-1.xx&_nc_gid=AV29hmxNnd3ehxyov6ZKRZ5&oh=00_AYCikMTLeNZM17gxMaobre8qSb7zkuWVxfR5wn-f2FIZgw&oe=67A08261", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=843156536863985&set=a.121083205737992", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Satirical Source Identification"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230414133529/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2022/09/09/fact-check-student-debt-relief-wont-taxed-federal-government/8026115001/", "date": "2022-08-25", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The American Rescue Plan Act \u2013 a $1.9 trillion COVID-19 relief package Biden signed into law in 2021 \u2013 exempts student loan forgiveness from taxation at the federal level until the end of 2025. Some states still tax forgiven student loans, however.\n\n", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230414165740/https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/1319/text", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Is Student loan forgiveness still taxable?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is refuted by proving that the American Rescue Plan Act exempted student loan forgiveness from federal taxation.", "claim_text": "Student loan forgiveness is still taxable and must be reported to the IRS as income.", "claim_images": ["67d090fa35531374f6da9ea9#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Robert Chappy Poynter", "transcription": "IRS SEARCH | HELP | MENU If your debt is forgiven or discharged for less than the full amount you owe, the debt is considered canceled in the amount that you don't have to pay. The law provides several exceptions, however, in which the amount you don't have to pay isn't canceled debt. These exceptions will be discussed later. Cancellation of a debt may occur if the creditor can't collect, or gives up on collecting, the amount you're obligated to pay. If you own property subject to a debt, cancel", "media_source": "https://scontent-det1-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/301575963_575148010969509_6004087780551775219_n.jpg?_nc_cat=101&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=127cfc&_nc_ohc=YjFlAF6c9mwQ7kNvgH6Szls&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-det1-1.xx&_nc_gid=AwiOY9jpSnKKo0Laf2uTFd3&oh=00_AYCQsD-bpPiCoO9qxka_7E-mT7OTm6qA-trVwNP7lWtyEg&oe=67A090DF", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/rob.poynter.355/posts/pfbid02DvBmM6GjGLQP9KVQuikxgVBhHNtjrnGPtt3o81CSnXbCjyWEuryScuyeFqcdTUZql", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted", "Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20231003145141/https://www.newsweek.com/fact-check-has-advice-pfizer-vaccine-use-during-pregnancy-changed-1738700", "date": "2022-08-29", "label": "Refuted", "location": "GB", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/recommendations/pregnancy.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The U.K. government (and the CDC) say the COVID-19 vaccine is safe during pregnancy and breastfeeding. "}], "question": "Is COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy safe and effective?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Much like the CDC, the U.K. medicines regulator (the MHRA) provides regular updates and advice on the safety profile of all vaccines it has approved for use, which can be found on its website.\n\nIt does not, at the time of writing, advise against the use of the Pfizer vaccine among pregnant or breastfeeding women.\n\nIt states: \"There is no current evidence that COVID-19 vaccination while breastfeeding causes any harm to breastfed children or affects the ability to breastfeed.\n\n", "source_url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/coronavirus-covid-19-vaccine-adverse-reactions/coronavirus-vaccine-summary-of-yellow-card-reporting", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the UK's current advice on the Pfizer-BioNTech CV19 mRNA vaccine for pregnant/breastfeeding women?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is refuted by proving with authoritative government documents that  the vaccine is considered safe.", "claim_text": "The UK is no longer recommending the Pfizer-BioNTech CV19 mRNA vaccine for pregnant/breastfeeding women", "claim_images": ["67d0948e35531374f6daab3e#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Rep. Ryan Rose", "transcription": "www.gov.uk/government/publications/regulatory-approval-of-pfizer-biontech-vaccine-for-covid-19/summary-public-assessment-report-for-pfizerbiontech-covid-19-vaccine Contents Summary of the Public Assessment Report Lay summary, COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine BNT162b2 concentrate for solution for injection (BNT162b2 RNA) 1. Introduction 2. Quality aspects 3. Non-clinical aspects Further information Print this page Toxicity conclusions The absence of reproductive toxicity data is a reflection of the speed of", "media_source": "https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FbYLZOHWAAI0IpD?format=jpg&name=4096x4096", "original_claim_url": "https://twitter.com/ThePastorRyan/status/1564451095996424195?", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Position Statement", "Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted", "Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230530044751/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.334U484", "date": "2014-04-29", "label": "Refuted", "location": "BR", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67d0989a35531374f6dab7e3#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "18 March 2014 on G17 , a Brazilian website that described itself as a \"humour website that makes satire out of news\".", "source_url": "http://g17.com.br/noticia/ma/populacao-do-maranhao-amarra-politico-em-poste.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the claim first published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related", "Metadata-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d0989a35531374f6dab7e3#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "photo published in a report on July 25, 2011, by The Financial Brand, a US-based online publication focused on strategic marketing issues in the retail banking sector.\n\nThe report was headlined titled \"Bank Has Fun With Series Of Creative Guerilla Stunts.\"\nIt reads in part: \"Australia's big banks retaliate against the NAB's growing popularity by kidnapping \"Doug G,\" one of the NAB's employees, then wrapping him in duct tape to a light pole in downtown Melbourne. NAB is, of course, behind the prank.\"", "source_url": "https://archive.is/6MUrO", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the picture show?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is refuted by proving with one link that the image shows a gag.", "claim_text": "Photo shows a shows a corrupt Brazilian politician tied to a pole", "claim_images": ["67d0989a35531374f6dab7e3#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "WeAreChangeNYC", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://archive.vn/EHyGL/c7bad6da9e32d89f49698f73b7192a7bf3fe4b5e.jpg", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.vn/EHyGL", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Satirical Source Identification", "Reverse Image Search", "Keyword Search", "Image Analysis", "Geolocation", "Fact-checker Reference"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221222081517/https://srilanka.factcrescendo.com/english/image-during-stadium-974-construction-being-shared-misleadingly-as-ones-during-dismantling/", "date": "2022-12-13", "label": "Refuted", "location": "QA", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67d099c435531374f6dac486#INPUT#0#0.jpg", "67d099c435531374f6dac486#INPUT#0#1.jpg", "67d099c435531374f6dac486#INPUT#0#2.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.iloveqatar.net/events/artsCulture/qatar-fashion-united-by-cr-runway-2022-stadium-974-doha-qatar", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "On 16 December 2022 a fashion show was held at Stadium 974."}], "question": "Was Stadium 974 dismantled after the FIFA World Cup 2022 ended on 5 December 2022?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d099c435531374f6dac486#INPUT#1#0.jpg", "67d099c435531374f6dac486#INPUT#1#1.jpg", "67d099c435531374f6dac486#INPUT#1#2.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Unanswerable", "answer_text": "No answer could be found."}], "question": "Are the photos from the construction of Stadium 974?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is refuted by proving that a function was held in the stadium after the claim date.", "claim_text": "Images show stadium 974 in Qatar being dismantled.", "claim_images": ["67d099c435531374f6dac486#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67d099c435531374f6dac486#CLAIM#1.jpg", "67d099c435531374f6dac486#CLAIM#2.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "The Reliant News", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://scontent-man2-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/319627940_684950166418479_4256113975439231557_n.jpg?stp=dst-jpg_p526x296_tt6&_nc_cat=104&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=833d8c&_nc_ohc=7VyEL1rVEeYQ7kNvgFgi041&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-man2-1.xx&_nc_gid=AkzW8h_RnlOzyqML0EfqeMl&oh=00_AYBTLxme9zJHyEvDTR7HIl-P5970i1TYqUoNAod9emcfpw&oe=67A41251", "original_claim_url": "https://www.awesomescreenshot.com/image/35431326?key=a1ecb4f664724e995c22cc6fbbd2e4cd", "reporting_source": "facebook", "claim_types": ["Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240915093733/https://factcheckhub.com/tinubu-shares-misleading-photo-amidst-failing-health-speculation/", "date": "2022-10-05", "label": "Not Enough Evidence", "location": "NG", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67d0a96535531374f6db0a41#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://www.nigeriainfo.fm/port-harcourt/news/hardfactsph/tinubus-workout-video-was-it-necessary/", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "He was absent at the signing of a peace pact by presidential candidates as well as the Nigerian Bar Association, NBA annual conference. His running mate, Kashim Shettima represented him at both events."}], "question": "Was Bola Ahmed Tinubu absent from political functions in October 2022?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d0a96535531374f6db0a41#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/09/tinubu-not-ill-in-london-source/", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The source, who was privy to the former Lagos governor\u2019s trip, said: \u201cTinubu is not sick. I saw him before he travelled on Saturday night to London.\u201d"}], "question": "Did Bola Ahmed Tinubu go to the United Kingdom for medical attention in September 2022?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d0a96535531374f6db0a41#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Unanswerable", "answer_text": "No answer could be found."}], "question": "Is the image of Bola Ahmed Tinubu holding a newspaper  recent?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The evidence provided is non-conclusive. The claim is neither supported nor refuted.", "claim_text": "Image of Bola Ahmed Tinubu holding a newspaper is recent.", "claim_images": ["67d0a96535531374f6db0a41#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@officialABAT", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://archive.is/tMBBM/890f537ab06040813385fcb11371b7ba5b62d1de.jpg", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.is/2022.10.06-113507/https://twitter.com/officialabat/status/1577959601403822080?s=21", "reporting_source": "X ", "claim_types": ["Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted"], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240811055157/https://newschecker.in/fact-check/famous-monuments-lit-up-in-indian-tricolour-false/", "date": "2022-08-16", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67d0afea35531374f6db4658#INPUT#0#0.jpg", "67d0afea35531374f6db4658#INPUT#0#1.jpg", "67d0afea35531374f6db4658#INPUT#0#2.jpg", "67d0afea35531374f6db4658#INPUT#0#3.jpg", "67d0afea35531374f6db4658#INPUT#0#4.jpg", "67d0afea35531374f6db4658#INPUT#0#5.jpg", "67d0afea35531374f6db4658#INPUT#0#6.jpg", "67d0afea35531374f6db4658#INPUT#0#7.jpg", "67d0afea35531374f6db4658#INPUT#0#8.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The Facebook page FilterCopy made a post on January 26, 2017 captioned \"If famous monuments and buildings were lit up in the Indian tri-colours, here's what they would look like! #BurjKhalifa #RepublicOfIndia\"", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/FilterCopy/posts/pfbid0jBXKxrXfwhWK4otbSuP7wNp25jJm7pEvD6CWrv6UPZm5H9R1jzeiPgjn7Ze2RrzPl", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the original source of the images in the claim?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d0afea35531374f6db4658#INPUT#1#0.jpg", "67d0afea35531374f6db4658#INPUT#1#1.jpg", "67d0afea35531374f6db4658#INPUT#1#2.jpg", "67d0afea35531374f6db4658#INPUT#1#3.jpg", "67d0afea35531374f6db4658#INPUT#1#4.jpg", "67d0afea35531374f6db4658#INPUT#1#5.jpg", "67d0afea35531374f6db4658#INPUT#1#6.jpg", "67d0afea35531374f6db4658#INPUT#1#7.jpg", "67d0afea35531374f6db4658#INPUT#1#8.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/FilterCopy/posts/pfbid0jBXKxrXfwhWK4otbSuP7wNp25jJm7pEvD6CWrv6UPZm5H9R1jzeiPgjn7Ze2RrzPl", "source_medium": "Image/graphic", "boolean_explanation": "In the original source each photo includes a disclaimer in the bottom right of the image stating \"this is an edited picture\""}], "question": "Is there any indication that the original photos were edited?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is refuted by proving that the images were edited.", "claim_text": "Famous monuments and buildings across the world were lit up in Indian tricolor to celebrate 75 years of the country\u2019s independence from British rule.", "claim_images": ["67d0afea35531374f6db4658#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67d0afea35531374f6db4658#CLAIM#1.jpg", "67d0afea35531374f6db4658#CLAIM#2.jpg", "67d0afea35531374f6db4658#CLAIM#3.jpg", "67d0afea35531374f6db4658#CLAIM#4.jpg", "67d0afea35531374f6db4658#CLAIM#5.jpg", "67d0afea35531374f6db4658#CLAIM#6.jpg", "67d0afea35531374f6db4658#CLAIM#7.jpg", "67d0afea35531374f6db4658#CLAIM#8.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "DrVijay Shriram Athalye", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230604042047/https://www.kvue.com/article/news/verify/world-verify/no-it-didnt-rain-worms-in-china/536-763fe0ee-f35d-4fa2-a9bc-facf871ac3f4", "date": "2023-03-11", "label": "Refuted", "location": "CN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67d0b55f35531374f6db791f#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The video from the street was first posted on March 1 by Chinese news agency Dongyang Daily to Douyin, the Chinese equivalent of TikTok. ", "source_url": "https://www.douyin.com/video/7205555558907186470", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where and when was the video first posted?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related", "Metadata-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d0b55f35531374f6db791f#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The caption with that video, written in Chinese and translated via Google Translate says: \u201cPoplar flowers falling all over the roof of the car look like bugs from a distance.\u201d", "source_url": "https://www.douyin.com/video/7205555558907186470", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the image/snapshot show?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d0b55f35531374f6db791f#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The video showed poplar flowers falling from trees, which appeared like worms from a distance."}], "question": "What did the video of the alleged \"rain of worms\" actually show?", "answer_method": "Image Analysis", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d0b55f35531374f6db791f#INPUT#3#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The video was first posted on March 1 by Dongyang Daily on Douyin, the Chinese equivalent of TikTok.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230604042047/https://weibo.com/2328516855/MwY5e7XIm?refer_flag=1001030103_", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": " When and where was the video first posted?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "Based on evidence, the image in the claim is from a video that was first posted on March 1 by Dongyang Daily on Douyin, the Chinese equivalent of TikTok. The video showed poplar flowers falling from trees, which appeared like worms from a distance.", "claim_text": "China pummeled by \u201crain of worms\u201d as residents are asked to carry umbrellas and find shelter.", "claim_images": ["67d0b55f35531374f6db791f#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Daily Loud", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://pbs.twimg.com/media/Fq4t9JnWIAA9PI6?format=jpg&name=small", "original_claim_url": "https://x.com/DailyLoud/status/1634294247925899265", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery", "Video Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted", "Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240612203945/https://checkyourfact.com/2022/10/28/fact-check-cows-mrna-vaccines/", "date": "2022-10-15", "label": "Not Enough Evidence", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240612141717/https://www.fda.gov/news-events/fda-newsroom/press-announcements", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "There are no press releases on the official FDA website about cows receiving mRNA vaccines "}], "question": "Has the FDA shared any press releases regarding the claim that cows are being give mRNA vaccines?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240613142555/https://www.usda.gov/media/press-releases", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "There are no press releases on the official USDA website about cows receiving mRNA vaccines "}], "question": "Has the USDA shared any statements regarding the claim that cows are being give mRNA vaccines?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "Statements/press releases for the claim date have already been archived at FDA and USDA, and are not shown at the links provided. The claim is neither supported nor refuted.", "claim_text": "Cows are being given mRNA vaccines. ", "claim_images": ["67d0b67635531374f6db8612#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "purerebelusa", "transcription": "They Are giving Cows mRNA Vaccine \u2022 Which Will Pass the Vaccine Into Milk, Cheese etc Your DNA is their source for Immortality Instant Death Of Cows Who Received mRNA vaccine. Urgently Warn Everone", "media_source": "https://www.instagram.com/p/Cjuk7oOut0x/?utm_source=ig_embed&ig_rid=bb419cf8-0f2b-4d3a-8e07-d545dbfa6f62", "original_claim_url": "https://www.instagram.com/p/Cjuk7oOut0x/?utm_source=ig_embed&ig_rid=bb419cf8-0f2b-4d3a-8e07-d545dbfa6f62", "reporting_source": "Instagram", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Media Source Discovery", "Fact-checker Reference"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted"], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240714222752/https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2022/10/fact-check-starlink-satellites-are-in-space-images-are-of-ozone-balloons-in-south-pole.html", "date": "2022-02-19", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67d0b9d635531374f6dbbce2#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The image appears to be the same image as one on an Antarctic-Adventures website that shares updates from the South Pole, posted in 2017. This photo is under the date 07-09-17 and the caption with the photos says, in part, \"Here is a picture of yesterday's balloon launch\":", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240525101848/http://antarctic-adventures.de/2017/spole17.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the original source of the 2-th image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d0b9d635531374f6dbbce2#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "A CNN article from Mon October 21, 2019 captioned the image \"A timelapse of weather balloons used to measure ozone. Robert Schwarz/University of Minnesota\"", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241129103320/https://www.cnn.com/2019/10/21/world/antarctic-ozone-hole-shrinks-scn-trnd/index.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is shown in the 1-th image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d0b9d635531374f6dbbce2#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "It was posted in a video on The New York Times in 2019 captioned \"A constellation of Starlink satellites seen in the night sky over the Netherlands, nearly 24 hours after being launched by SpaceX in May 2019. By Marco Langbroek Via Reuters\"", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240828105003/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/01/science/starlink-spacex-astronomers.html", "source_medium": "Image/graphic"}], "question": "What is the original source of the 0-th image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d0b9d635531374f6dbbce2#INPUT#3#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": " in May 2019. ", "source_url": "https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/01/science/starlink-spacex-astronomers.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was image 0 taken?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The images clearly show Starlink satellites in space, as confirmed by the original sources and descriptions of the images taken in 2019, which show Starlink satellites launched by SpaceX.", "claim_text": "Starlink satellites are not in space.", "claim_images": ["67d0b9d635531374f6dbbce2#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67d0b9d635531374f6dbbce2#CLAIM#1.jpg", "67d0b9d635531374f6dbbce2#CLAIM#2.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "mikes_mudflood_investigations", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221021210802/https://www.instagram.com/p/Cj59YBtvhUU/", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221021210802/https://www.instagram.com/p/Cj59YBtvhUU/", "reporting_source": "Instagram", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Media Source Discovery"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted", "Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240524062931/https://en.youturn.in/factcheck/falsehood-about-jobs-for-marijuana-smokers-in-uttar-pradesh-by-samajwadi-party.html", "date": "2023-02-17", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67d0bcfe35531374f6dbd528#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "ABP shared the news card that is being shared by the Samajwadi Party. In the post by ABP on Instagram, it has been captioned that a German company, Cannamedical, is looking for people to taste marijuana products by using them and find out their quality and the company is willing to offer Rs.88 lakhs. ", "source_url": "https://www.instagram.com/p/CotfQyHIrTz/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the news card say and show?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d0bcfe35531374f6dbd528#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.instagram.com/p/CotfQyHIrTz/", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "A news card about a job opening for cannabis testers in Germany is used to mislead that the Yogi Adithyanath\u2019s government is promoting the usage of cannabis in the state."}], "question": "Is Yogi Adithyanath\u2019s government promoting the usage of cannabis in the state?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d0bcfe35531374f6dbd528#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The claim originated from a misleading news card shared by the Samajwadi Party\u2019s media cell, which falsely suggested that the Yogi Adityanath-led government in Uttar Pradesh was offering such jobs.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240524062931/https://web.archive.org/web/20230217062810/https://www.abplive.com/education/jobs/this-company-of-germany-is-giving-88-lakh-rupees-per-month-salary-for-smoking-weed-2335665", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where did the claim about jobs for marijuana smokers in Uttar Pradesh originate?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "Based on evidence, a news card about a job opening for cannabis testers in Germany is used to mislead that the Yogi Adithyanath\u2019s government is promoting the usage of cannabis in the state.", "claim_text": "Yogi Adithyanath\u2019s government is promoting the usage of cannabis in the state.", "claim_images": ["67d0bcfe35531374f6dbd528#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Samajwadi Party Media Cell", "transcription": "abp LIVE New jobs are being offered to those who consume marijuana, a salary with more than 8 million Indian rupees ($97,100)", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230906132751im_/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FpER5TjaIAAnJT9?format=jpg&name=medium", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230906132751/https://twitter.com/MediaCellSP/status/1626100622570434560", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Position Statement", "Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230402024547/https://en.youturn.in/factcheck/image-of-oreva-owner-with-modi.html", "date": "2022-10-31", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67d0c53835531374f6dbdef3#INPUT#0#0.jpg", "67d0c53835531374f6dbdef3#INPUT#0#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "He is Odhavji Raghavji Patel.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221103102110im_/https://en.youturn.in/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/20620843-97B9-4536-A777-5D01E31BE0C7.jpeg", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is the man in the photos with PM Mobi?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d0c53835531374f6dbdef3#INPUT#1#0.jpg", "67d0c53835531374f6dbdef3#INPUT#1#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.livemint.com/Companies/ptLT5NmiJN050kTUJcW0TN/Father-of-wall-clocks-Odhavji-Raghavji-Patel-dies-at-87.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Mr. Patel died in October 2012."}], "question": "Is Mr. Patel still alive?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The bridge collapsed October 31, 2022.", "source_url": "https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/the-death-toll-in-morbi-bridge-collapse-tragedy-exceeds-130/article66076100.ece", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When did the Morbi bridge collapse?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Oreva owner Jaysukh Patel had the contract for maintenance and repair of the Morbi bridge.", "source_url": "https://www.thelallantop.com/news/post/gujarat-morbi-bridge-collapse-oreva-owner-jaysukh-patel-said-8-to-10-years-bridge-will-not-damage", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who was awarded the contract for the repair and maintenance of the Morbi bridge?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that Odhav Patel died in 2012, a decade prior to the claim and the bridge collapse.", "claim_text": "The individual in the images with the PM Modi is Odhav Patel, the owner of Oreva who was awarded the contract for the repair and maintenance of the Morbi Bridge.", "claim_images": ["67d0c53835531374f6dbdef3#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67d0c53835531374f6dbdef3#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Odisha Youth Congress", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221103102113im_/https://en.youturn.in/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/488ECA1C-E2D9-4864-A868-4C8ED48BA3B2.jpeg", "original_claim_url": "https://x.com/iycodisha/status/1587054980405821440?s=46&t=Qql9Cv9rXvTSE4ox1BbYlA&mx=2", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim", "Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230201093210/https://checkyourfact.com/2022/09/30/fact-check-goat-queen-elizabeth-funeral/", "date": "2022-09-30", "label": "Refuted", "location": "GB", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67d193de35531374f6df7959#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The funeral took place on 19 September 2022.", "source_url": "https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/09/19/world/queen-elizabeth-funeral", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When did Queen Elizabeth II funeral take place?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d193de35531374f6df7959#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.gettyimages.co.uk/detail/news-photo/the-marching-band-of-the-3rd-battalion-royal-welsh-and-news-photo/1243129956?adppopup=true", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "This is a photo of the marching band of the 3rd Battalion Royal Welsh, and their billy goat mascot, march to Cardiff Castle in south Wales on September 11, 2022, ahead of the ceremony of the proclamation of Britain's King Charles III. "}], "question": "Was the photo taken at the funeral of Queen Elizabeth II's funeral?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving that the ceremony with the goat leading was conducted on 9/11/22, a week prior to the Queen's funeral on 9/19/22.", "claim_text": "An image shows a goat leading the way at Queen Elizabeth II\u2019s funeral procession.", "claim_images": ["67d193de35531374f6df7959#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim", "Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240927145957/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2022/09/14/fact-check-baseless-conspiracy-theory-monkeypox-great-reset/7888058001/", "date": "2022-07-23", "label": "Refuted", "location": "GB", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/mpox/response/2022/world-map.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "As of July 28, cases of monkeypox have been reported in 77 countries, including 71 countries that have not historically reported monkeypox, the CDC reported.\n\nA map on Pfizer\u2019s website shows where it has shipped vaccines, and a map on the CDC\u2019s site also shows monkeypox cases around the world.\n\nComparing these maps shows that the article\u2019s claim that monkeypox is \"only circulating\" where the Pfizer vaccine was distributed is false. "}], "question": "Is Monkeypox linked to Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240223082848/https://www.weforum.org/agenda/authors/di-dai/", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "There is no evidence that monkeypox has any connection to the World Economic Forum's Great Reset proposals. Di Dai, a spokesperson for the organization, told USA TODAY in an email that the two have nothing to do with each other."}], "question": "Is monkeypox linked to Great Reset?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d19eb135531374f6dfc77e#INPUT#2#0.jpg", "67d19eb135531374f6dfc77e#INPUT#2#1.jpg", "67d19eb135531374f6dfc77e#INPUT#2#2.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "There\u2019s no connection. The Pfizer vaccine doesn\u2019t contain live viruses or monkeypox DNA, so it can\u2019t cause or spread monkeypox.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240927145957/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2022/08/09/fact-check-monkeypox-not-side-effect-covid-19-vaccine/10238928002/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Is monkeypox linked to the Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "There\u2019s no evidence linking monkeypox to the World Economic Forum\u2019s Great Reset. This is just another baseless conspiracy theory.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240927145957/https://www.weforum.org/agenda/authors/di-dai", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Is monkeypox part of the \"Great Reset\" agenda?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "Based on evidence, a map on Pfizer\u2019s website shows where it has shipped vaccines, and a map on the CDC\u2019s site also shows monkeypox cases around the world. Comparing these maps shows that the article\u2019s claim that monkeypox is \"only circulating\" where the Pfizer vaccine was distributed is false. Also, there\u2019s no evidence linking monkeypox to the World Economic Forum\u2019s Great Reset.", "claim_text": "Monkeypox is only circulating in countries where the Pfizer Vaccine has been distributed & is being used to advance a Technocratic Great Reset", "claim_images": ["67d19eb135531374f6dfc77e#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67d19eb135531374f6dfc77e#CLAIM#1.jpg", "67d19eb135531374f6dfc77e#CLAIM#2.jpg", "67d19eb135531374f6dfc77e#CLAIM#3.jpg", "67d19eb135531374f6dfc77e#CLAIM#4.jpg", "67d19eb135531374f6dfc77e#CLAIM#5.jpg", "67d19eb135531374f6dfc77e#CLAIM#6.jpg", "67d19eb135531374f6dfc77e#CLAIM#7.jpg", "67d19eb135531374f6dfc77e#CLAIM#8.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": " The Expos\u00e9", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://expose-news.com/2022/07/24/monkeypox-pfizer-great-reset/?fbclid=IwAR3qmQaESXiHNFupuMWP7u2PGVyAdoFUJNbJ8273IzER8OCyfBBwwxun374", "reporting_source": "https://expose-news.com/", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Fact-checker Reference"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240624133000/https://newschecker.in/fact-check/covid-and-flu-are-not-the-same-disease-combo-test-kit-image-viral-with-misleading-claims/", "date": "2022-12-14", "label": "Refuted", "location": "GB", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67d1b7db35531374f6dffce6#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The product description listed in the website of Heathershaw Compounding Pharmacy carried the images of the product, in which one can clearly see that the testing cassette is broader and carried two different specimen wells, as opposed to the much thinner, single specimen well seen in the usual self testing kits for COVID19.", "source_url": "https://heathershawscompounding.com.au/", "source_medium": "Image/graphic"}], "question": "Why one test can used to detect Covid-19 and flu?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/flu/symptoms/flu-vs-covid19.htm", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The Centre For Disease Control states that while the two diseases are both contagious respiratory illnesses, they both are caused by different viruses. \u201cCompared with flu, COVID-19 can cause more severe illness in some people. Compared to people with flu, people infected with COVID-19 may take longer to show symptoms and may be contagious for longer periods of time,\u201d the CDC says, adding that COVID spreads more easily than flu."}], "question": "Are Covid and Flu the same?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by proving with an authoritative source that Covid-19 and the flu are different viruses.", "claim_text": "COVID19 is the same as influenza", "claim_images": ["67d1b7db35531374f6dffce6#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@BernieSpofforth", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230114010205im_/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FigkVHXWQAENodl?format=jpg&name=large", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230115103428/https://twitter.com/BernieSpofforth/status/1596566018700333062?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Keyword Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240530072547/https://www.factrakers.org/post/vico-sotto-didn-t-light-pasig-bridge-in-marcos-duterte-campaign-colors", "date": "2022-11-29", "label": "Refuted", "location": "PH", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67d1d3cf35531374f6e1314e#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The Parklinks Bridge linking Quezon City and Pasig was illuminated during a lighting ceremony on Monday. \nOther photos in the post show the bridge lit in other colors \u2013 blue, purple, teal, white and yellow \u2013 apart from red and green during the lighting ceremony.", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/PhilippineSTAR/posts/pfbid0Fga9dYshtFa1aH1wqoYrTjaPcM31gBbEE9sYn7zAWj8WbXL9kjaCR6Cwg4xDJHi1l", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the picture show?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://mb.com.ph/2022/02/16/mayor-vico-not-endorsing-any-presidential-candidate/", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "During the presidential election, Sotto did not endorse any candidate, saying he preferred not to be involved in national politics.\n\n"}], "question": "Did Pasig City Mayor Vico Sotto endorse President Ferdinand Marcos Jr. and Vice President Sara Duterte?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is refuted by proving that the bridge was lit in other colors, as well. Also, it was proven that Sotto did not make a political endorsement.", "claim_text": "Pasig City Mayor Vico Sotto of the Philippines lit up a bridge in red and green to allude to the colours President Ferdinand Marcos Jr. and Vice President Sara Duterte used in their election campaign.", "claim_images": ["67d1d3cf35531374f6e1314e#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@AlfredoGenom", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221205173628im_/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/Fis9L9xaEAEdfqg?format=jpg&name=large", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221205173627/https:/twitter.com/AlfredoGenom/status/1597437771521871873", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240419123138/https://www.aap.com.au/factcheck/danish-author-lost-in-the-woods-on-renewables/", "date": "2021-10-10", "label": "Refuted", "location": "DK", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "While it does include some wood, the IEA added: \u201cModern solid bioenergy category also includes organic waste streams, such as solid manure, and conventional bioenergy crops, such as wheat, corn or soy seed. Organic waste makes up over one-third of global bioenergy supply today.\u201d", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240524082952/https://www.iea.org/about/mission", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What the world's renewable energy supply consist of?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d1d47b35531374f6e14bd2#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240524082952/https://www.iea.org/about/mission", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": " The IEA said Dr Lomborg had made several errors in his calculations, largely by incorrectly grouping categories together and classifying them as wood.\n\nFirstly, the IEA said he is wrong to include \u201cother renewables\u201d for his wood total, as it instead refers to geothermal and tidal and wave energy sources.\nSecondly, the IEA said his classification of modern solid bioenergy as wood is an \u201cincorrect simplification of this category\u201d.\nThirdly, the IEA said he is wrong to include modern liquid bioenergy and modern gaseous bioenergy for his total figure for wood."}], "question": "Is Dr. Lombord calculation correct?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d1d47b35531374f6e14bd2#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "No, this figure results from misinterpreted data and incorrect grouping of energy sources.  ", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240419123138/https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/4ed140c1-c3f3-4fd9-acae-789a4e14a23c/WorldEnergyOutlook2021.pdf?fbclid=IwAR3oE0_BIllwBtwM0LD-4_p00r0OKVpPEm_dVS0Y_EmOpJPTp8QauoFRzjM", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Does wood account for 71.9% of global renewable energy supply?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d1d47b35531374f6e14bd2#INPUT#3#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": " The claim incorrectly grouped liquid and gaseous biofuels, as well as non-wood biomass, under \"wood,\" inflating its share."}], "question": "What errors were made in calculating wood's share of renewable energy?", "answer_method": "Image Analysis", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim that 71.9% of the world's renewable energy supply is wood is incorrect. The International Energy Agency (IEA) highlighted multiple errors in Dr. Lomb", "claim_text": "The world's renewable energy supply is 71.9 percent wood. ", "claim_images": ["67d1d47b35531374f6e14bd2#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Bjorn Lomborg", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=660675422084131&set=a.266716694813341", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Numerical Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Others"], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220829201834/https://newsmobile.in/articles/2022/08/29/fact-check-does-this-picture-show-bjp-leader-shahnawaz-hussain-in-a-temple-heres-the-truth/", "date": "2022-08-29", "label": "Refuted", "location": "", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67d1d4e435531374f6e14f6e#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "03 October, 2017", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=pfbid023REHxYbCzrF1aUJiJXZpYi4RqdEuLUNrje68jhsfXy92aSJzXMYh5SJbmsauBa7Ml&id=100004911735847", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the picture first published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related", "Metadata-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d1d4e435531374f6e14f6e#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": " 03 October, 17, BJP national spokesperson Shahnawaz Hussain reached Chandwa Mahayagya.A hyperlocal news channel, ATN City News, also uploaded a video of Shahnawaz Hussain attending the World Religion Conference on October 4, 2017. Thus, we can ascertain that the viral image is of Shahnawaz Hussain attending World Religion Conference and not visiting a temple.", "source_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5ZI4NTloge4", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What  does the image show?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d1d4e435531374f6e14f6e#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The image is from the 2017 World Religion Conference in Arrah, Bihar, not a temple visit.  \n", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220829201834/https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/state/bihar-news/other-cities/rss-chief-reached-bihar-to-participate-in-dharm-sammelan/articleshow/60938945.cms", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Does the viral image show Shahnawaz Hussain performing puja in a temple?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d1d4e435531374f6e14f6e#INPUT#3#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "A reverse image search led to Shahnawaz Hussain\u2019s 2017 Facebook post and a local news video confirming the event\u2019s details."}], "question": "How was the image\u2019s origin verified?", "answer_method": "Image Analysis", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": " The image does not show Shahnawaz Hussain attending a Hindu temple, but rather attending the World Religion Conference in Arrah, Bihar, in 2017. The event was confirmed through a reverse image search and a local news video.", "claim_text": "The picture shows BJP Leader Shahnawaz Hussain attending a Hindu Temple.", "claim_images": ["67d1d4e435531374f6e14f6e#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "\u0905\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0915\u093f\u0930 ", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=pfbid023REHxYbCzrF1aUJiJXZpYi4RqdEuLUNrje68jhsfXy92aSJzXMYh5SJbmsauBa7Ml&id=100004911735847", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery", "Reverse Image Search", "Video Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230208200125/https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2022/11/fact-check-image-does-not-show-arizona-democratic-candidate-for-governor-hobbs-in-ballot-counting-center.html", "date": "2022-11-10", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67d1d74d35531374f6e179a6#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Unanswerable", "answer_text": "No answer could be found."}], "question": "What is the name of the woman in the photo?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d1d74d35531374f6e179a6#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Image", "source_url": "https://leadstories.com/Hobbs%20Visual.jpg", "source_medium": "Image/graphic", "image_answers": ["67d1d74d35531374f6e179a6#ANSWER#1#0#0.jpg"]}, {"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "While both women have on glasses the comparison of the photos shows that the woman in the ballot room is not Katie Hobbs.", "source_url": "https://leadstories.com/Hobbs%20Visual.jpg", "source_medium": "Image/graphic"}], "question": "Is the woman in the photo Governor Katie Hobbs?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is successfully refuted by image comparison.", "claim_text": "A photograph shows the Democratic candidate for governor of Arizona, Katie Hobbs, walking through a ballot-counting center in Maricopa County.", "claim_images": ["67d1d74d35531374f6e179a6#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "barbara0320", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221110223125/https://twitter.com/Gitmo99/status/1590805599583100928", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim", "Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Reverse Image Search", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221031101158/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.32LM86B", "date": "2022-10-06", "label": "Refuted", "location": "BD", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67d1d7d935531374f6e18d7a#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "3 November, 2010", "source_url": "https://blogs.agu.org/landslideblog/2010/11/02/the-canterbury-earthquake-images-of-the-distorted-railway-line/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image first published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d1d7d935531374f6e18d7a#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The photo was taken by KiwiRail's Malcolm Teasdale showing the aftermath of the 2010 Canterbury earthquake.The second image is particularly interesting.  Note how the rails show high levels of deformation whilst the surrounding ground shows comparatively little.  Notice also how the big kink on the left side has pushed the ballast aside and into the track side ditch  This has happened on the right side too, but to a lesser extent.  The right side bend nearest the camera has pushed the ballast towards the camera.", "source_url": "https://blogs.agu.org/landslideblog/2010/11/02/the-canterbury-earthquake-images-of-the-distorted-railway-line/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the image show?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is refuted by proving that the deformed tracks were caused by an earthquake.", "claim_text": "A photo shows a bendy railway track that was distorted by extreme heat. ", "claim_images": ["67d1d7d935531374f6e18d7a#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Md. Alamin Hasan", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://blogs.agu.org/landslideblog/2010/11/02/the-canterbury-earthquake-images-of-the-distorted-railway-line/", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221020040655/https://www.evernote.com/shard/s680/client/snv?noteGuid=6c143e25-ad0d-4250-b4b1-da2a5fcc4548&noteKey=ae47660c00fabd6a4828d9aec3da28e6&sn=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.evernote.com%2Fshard%2Fs680%2Fsh%2F6c143e25-ad0d-4250-b4b1-da2a5fcc4548%2Fae47660c00fabd6a4828d9aec3da28e6&title=%25E0%25A6%2586%25E0%25A6%25A8%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25A4%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%259C%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25A4%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%2595%2B%25E0%25A6%25B8%25E0%", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Consultation", "Reverse Image Search", "Keyword Search", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240106082926/https://srilanka.factcrescendo.com/english/v-experts-confirm-that-vettuvan-koil-was-built-around-8th-century-ad/", "date": "2021-09-05", "label": "Refuted", "location": "", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67d1da1835531374f6e1a486#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The structure is named as Vettuvan Koil and located in Tamil N\u0101du, India. It was entirely carved out from one solid rock. ", "source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vettuvan_Koil", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the photo show?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The temple was built around 8th century AD, during the reign of the Pandya dynasty.", "source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vettuvan_Koil", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the structure built?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d1da1835531374f6e1a486#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The Vettuvan Koil temple is a monolithic rock-cut temple from the 8th century AD, built during the reign of the Pandya dynasty. It is known for its intricate carvings and is considered an important example of early Dravidian architecture.  ", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240106082926/https://ttravelog.com/articles/vettuvan-koil-is-a-rock-cut-temple-located-in-kalugumalai-tamil-nadu_2lP.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the significance of the Vettuvan Koil temple in Indian history? ", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d1da1835531374f6e1a486#INPUT#3#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": " There is no verified archaeological or historical evidence of a 5000-year-old single rock structure in India. The oldest known rock-cut structures in India, such as those in the Indus Valley Civilization, date back to around 2500 BCE, but they are not monolithic temple structures like the Vettuvan Koil.  ", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240106082926/https://www.newindianexpress.com/opinions/2021/mar/11/vettuvan-koil-abode-of-siva-that-is-a-sculptors-paradise-2275051.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Are there any known 5000-year-old single rock structures in India?  ", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": " The claim of a 5000-year-old single rock structure is inaccurate, as the Vettuvan Koil is from the 8th century AD, not 5000 years old.", "claim_text": "A photo shows a 5000 year old single rock structure in India.", "claim_images": ["67d1da1835531374f6e1a486#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Dulitha Deshan", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230408030727/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vettuvan_Koil", "original_claim_url": "https://www.awesomescreenshot.com/image/32301591?key=999fd06ccf856c17b83b3651c38d0449", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221208031009/https://newsmobile.in/articles/2022/09/26/fact-check-2016-image-viral-as-recent-killing-of-stray-dogs-in-kerala/", "date": "2022-09-17", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67d1dca935531374f6e1bb7b#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "September 29, 2016", "source_url": "https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/shocking-pcitures-of-stray-culling-from-kerala-343871-2016-09-29", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image first published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related", "Metadata-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d1dca935531374f6e1bb7b#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Members of the Kalady panchayat with dead strays.\u201d According to reports, the image is of the Kalady panchayat of Ernakulam, where around 22 stray dogs were allegedly killed.\n\n", "source_url": "https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/shocking-pcitures-of-stray-culling-from-kerala-343871-2016-09-29", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the image show?\n", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d1dca935531374f6e1bb7b#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The image was taken in 2016 and shows stray dog culling, not recent poisoning cases. ", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221208031009/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/shocking-pcitures-of-stray-culling-from-kerala-343871-2016-09-29", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Does the image provide evidence of recent poisoning incidents in Kerala?  ", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "Evidence confirms the dogs were purposefully killed. The cause of their death is not clear. The image was taken in the Ernakulam district of Kerala in 2016, not 2022 (or recently). ", "claim_text": "The image shows dead stray dogs that have been recently killed by poisoning in Kerala.", "claim_images": ["67d1dca935531374f6e1bb7b#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Voice for Voiceless 1313", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/voiceforvoiceless1313/posts/pfbid02Vjtiydn9DpbwoP6NQbiQsRuBc7QFcpwuuiBZEBAQdrSTfkUioc8J4jpRtTd2yoR9l", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": [], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240719144057/https://www.boomlive.in/fact-check/viral-photo-actor-aamir-khan-shahid-afridi-tariq-jamil-terrorist-social-media-18719", "date": "2022-08-02", "label": "Refuted", "location": "", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67d1e07935531374f6e20eef#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Pakistani religious scholar Tariq Jameel had then met Aamir at a local hotel in Saudi Arabia.\n\n", "source_url": "https://archive.ph/9BOPL", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the photo show?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://archive.ph/9BOPL", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Maulana Tariq Jameel is one of the most respected religious scholars of Pakistan. "}], "question": "Is Tariq Jameel a terrorist?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is refuted by proving that the man with Khan is Tariq Jameel, a respected Pakistani religious scholar.", "claim_text": "A photo shows actor Aamir Khan meeting with a terrorist in Saudi Arabia.", "claim_images": ["67d1e07935531374f6e20eef#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Arun Kapoor", "transcription": "\u0906\u092e\u093f\u0930 \u0916\u093e\u0928, \u0905\u092b\u0930\u0940\u0926\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u092e\u0948\u0924 \u090f \u0909\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0924\u0902\u0915\u0935\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0924\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u091c\u092e\u0940\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925\u0964\u0964 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f\u092e\u0947\u0935 \u091c\u092f\u0924\u0947!!!! \u0907\u0938\u0915\u094b \u091c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u093e \u0936\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938 \u0906\u092e\u093f\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u091a\u094d\u091a\u093e\u0908 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u093f\u091a\u093e\u092f\u0947\u0964\u0964 ", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/arun.kapoor.10485/posts/pfbid02F6KRyzyoysSRgkxZNREEeq3Ae2UhtBR9ZgdGD2PwTE2mLnYkksseGn5nNPqaqg9Rl", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Keyword Search", "Video Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230204060319/https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2022/11/fact-check-picture-of-similar-looking-men-does-not-prove-that-nasa-challenger-rocket-blew-up-with-people-on-it.html", "date": "2022-11-28", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67d1eb3a35531374f6e338d2#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The spacecraft commander was Francis R. (Dick) Scobee.", "source_url": "https://history.nasa.gov/Biographies/challenger.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who was the commander of the Challenger spacecraft mission in 1986?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The Challenger shuttle crew, of seven astronauts--including the specialties of pilot, aerospace engineers, and scientists-- died tragically in the explosion of their spacecraft during the launch of STS-51-L from the Kennedy Space Center about 11:40 a.m., EST, on January 28, 1986.", "source_url": "https://history.nasa.gov/Biographies/challenger.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What was the fate of the Challenger in 1986?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d1eb3a35531374f6e338d2#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Richard Scobee.", "source_url": "https://www.linkedin.com/in/richard-scobee-23875418/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is the CEO of Cows  in Trees, Ltd?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d1eb3a35531374f6e338d2#INPUT#3#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "He took night courses and in 1965 completed a B.S. degree in Aerospace Engineering from the University of Arizona.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221130230722/https://history.nasa.gov/Biographies/challenger.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What university did Francis Richard Scobee, Cmdr of Challenger graduate from?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d1eb3a35531374f6e338d2#INPUT#4#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Northern Illinois University with an MBA in Marketing & Management.", "source_url": "https://www.linkedin.com/in/richard-scobee-23875418/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What university did Richard Scobee, CEO of Cows i Trees, Ltd. graduate from?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is refuted by proving the men are two different people through identification of their colleges and news of Scobee's death.", "claim_text": "A composite image showing the Space Shuttle Challenger commander Francis Richard Scobee and the CEO of Cows and Trees, Richard Scobee, proves that the 1986 NASA Challenger rocket didn't blow up with people on it.", "claim_images": ["67d1eb3a35531374f6e338d2#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67d1eb3a35531374f6e338d2#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "flatearthland", "transcription": "Francis Richard Scobee Cmdr of Challenger Richard Scobee CEO of Cows in Trees, Ltd", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221129201607im_/https://leadstories.com/assets_c/2022/11/Screen%20Shot%202022-11-29%20at%2012.04.58%20PM-thumb-900xauto-3099424.png", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230505180407/https://www.instagram.com/p/ClhoRwWvOHs/?img_index=1", "reporting_source": "Instagram", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim", "Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery", "Image Analysis", "Fact-checker Reference"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250101111440/https://newsmeter.in/fact-check/artwork-de-mexico-passed-off-as-thaalagiri-shiva-temple-sculpture-698700", "date": "2022-07-29", "label": "Refuted", "location": "", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67d1eca435531374f6e34d1e#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The image was created by Raul Cruz.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241010072352/http://strangehorizons.com/author/raul-cruz/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is the author of the artwork in the image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d1eca435531374f6e34d1e#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241010072352/http://strangehorizons.com/author/raul-cruz/", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The artwork was created by Raul Cruz, a freelance illustrator since 1983 for a variety of clients, in Mexico (Fernandez Publishing, Roberto Gaudelli, Montage, and more), the US (Marvel Comics and the magazines Heavy Metal and Spectrum, among others) and Argentina (Lumen Publishing). Raul creates illustrations for children's books, covers for books and magazines, posters, trading cards, and storyboards, and also works in stage design. "}], "question": "Was the sculpture carved in the Thaalagiri Shiva Temple by Narasimhavarman II, a Pallava Kingdom ruler?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is refuted by proving that the artwork is an illustration by modern artist Raul Cruz.", "claim_text": "An image shows a sculpture carved in the Thaalagiri Shiva Temple by Narasimhavarman II, a Pallava Kingdom ruler.", "claim_images": ["67d1eca435531374f6e34d1e#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Virugai Gunaseelan Bjp", "transcription": "This pic is v hisotrical this shows some one is typing in computer key board and traveling in space this should be protected", "media_source": "https://marketplace.secondlife.com/es-ES/p/artwork-de-mexico-aztec-computer/4713647?lang=es-ES", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/100007375778557/posts/pfbid035cmfwFLRUb4s8JzYZhmPFrNQj6JweqS25txxyG9hzmuR3dfRQAeKrjNkrH41ZeL1l/", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Media Source Discovery", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241216103101/https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2022/12/fact-check-baal-enci-aga-is-not-latin-for-baal-is-the-king.html", "date": "2022-12-01", "label": "Refuted", "location": "FR", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.online-latin-dictionary.com/latin-english-dictionary.php?parola=enci&md=ff", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The online latin dictionary finds no latin word \"enci\". Similarly, it finds no latin word \"aga.\""}], "question": "Is \"Baal enci aga\" translated from Latin to English \"Baal the king\"?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Baaal est rex.\nThe online latin dictionary finds no latin word \"enci\". Similarly, it finds no latin word \"aga.\"\nBut the word \"is\" is, in Latin, \"est\" and \"king\" is \"rex.\"\n", "source_url": "https://www.online-latin-dictionary.com/latin-english-dictionary.php?parola=enci&md=ff", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is latin for Baal is the king?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is refuted by demonstrating that there is no Latin word \"enci.\" The user can also enter \"aga\" into the translator provided and see that there is no Latin translation for \"aga.\"", "claim_text": "If you separate Balenciaga in Latin to Baal enci aga then it translates to Baal is the king.", "claim_images": ["67d1f67e35531374f6e4482b#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67d1f67e35531374f6e4482b#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Robby Starbuck", "transcription": "Google Translate LATIN ENGLISH baal enci aga Translate from Sepedi Baal is the king", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221201151229/https://twitter.com/robbystarbuck/status/1598114471121014784", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221201151229/https://twitter.com/robbystarbuck/status/1598114471121014784", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted"], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240913080326/https://checkyourfact.com/2022/09/09/fact-check-newborn-leeds/", "date": "2022-08-29", "label": "Refuted", "location": "GB", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67d1fff835531374f6e453b8#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "May 5, 2017", "source_url": "https://www.khaosod.co.th/around-thailand/news_334373", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image first published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related", "Metadata-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d1fff835531374f6e453b8#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The image shows a newborn, believed to be only hours old, was found on a road at the entrance of Saowalak Village and was taken to Surat Thani Hospital.", "source_url": "https://www.khaosod.co.th/around-thailand/news_334373", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the image show?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is refuted by proving that the story of the abandoned child is from a Thailand media source and the child was taken to a Thailand hospital.", "claim_text": "Photo shows a newborn baby found in Leeds by the police. ", "claim_images": ["67d1fff835531374f6e453b8#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "McDonald Cybert", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://scontent-det1-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/472912028_924539929791803_8529589810427927645_n.jpg?stp=dst-jpg_p526x296_tt6&_nc_cat=101&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=aa7b47&_nc_ohc=UyRsvL1fRF0Q7kNvgH5cAL6&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-det1-1.xx&_nc_gid=AZK2vuwic7-hOj98Wr2f-eJ&oh=00_AYBD0IvDjNEIJGKbluw73w8pCX5xmphMY5NzHUqcLSCDZg&oe=67A19F86", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/groups/2255566701433215/posts/3390797287910145/", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Reverse Image Search", "Keyword Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221008083551/https://www.indiatoday.in/fact-check/story/fact-check-2017-pic-of-burj-khalifa-lit-up-as-union-jack-falsely-shared-as-queen-elizabeth-ii-tribute-1998376-2022-09-09", "date": "2022-09-07", "label": "Refuted", "location": "GB", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67d2029135531374f6e45f8b#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "24 May 2017", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221008083554/https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-trending-40027553", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image first published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related", "Metadata-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d2029135531374f6e45f8b#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "A reverse search of the photo led us to a BBC report from May 24, 2017. Per the report, multiple iconic landmarks like Geneva's Jet d'Eau fountain, Dubai's Burj Khalifa, and Australia's Brisbane's Story Bridge were illuminated in the colours of the British flag to pay tribute to the victims of the suicide bombing attack in Manchester, UK. This incident happened at a crowded pop concert leaving 22 people dead and more than 100 injured.", "source_url": "https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-trending-40027553", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Why was Burrj Khalifa lit up in the colors of the British flag?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d2029135531374f6e45f8b#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The image was first published on May 24, 2017, in relation to a tribute for the victims of the Manchester bombing attack. ", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221008083551/https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2017/may/22/manchester-arena-police-explosion-ariana-grande-concert-england", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image of the Burj Khalifa lit up in the UK flag colors first published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The Burj Khalifa scry scraper was illuminated in the colors of the British flag to pay tribute to the victims of the suicide bombing attack in Manchester, UK. It was not to pay tribute to Queen Elizabeth the II, so the claim is refuted.", "claim_text": "The Burj Khalifa sky scraper in Dubai was lit up in the colours of the UK flag to pay tribute to Queen Elizabeth II after her death.", "claim_images": ["67d2029135531374f6e45f8b#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@TheNorskaPaul", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221008085314im_/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FcKwUzMWQAEzzvH?format=jpg&name=large", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221008083842/https://twitter.com/TheNorskaPaul/status/1568009496399872001", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240911021114/https://factcheckhub.com/old-photo-resurfaces-online-attributed-to-osun-pdp-mega-rally/", "date": "2022-07-13", "label": "Refuted", "location": "NG", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67d2052735531374f6e4ab62#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "July 9, 2022  \u00b7 ", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/100064319664230/posts/407056168115035?_rdc=1&_rdr#", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image first published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d2052735531374f6e4ab62#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The image shows the Ilorin Eid Celebrations in Kwara state held on Saturday, 9th of July 2022.", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/100064319664230/posts/407056168115035?_rdc=1&_rdr#", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the image show?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is refuted by proving the images are of Eid worshippers in the city of Ilorin, Kwara", "claim_text": "Photo shows the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) mega rally held in Osogbo, the capital of Osun state.", "claim_images": ["67d2052735531374f6e4ab62#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67d2052735531374f6e4ab62#CLAIM#1.jpg", "67d2052735531374f6e4ab62#CLAIM#2.jpg", "67d2052735531374f6e4ab62#CLAIM#3.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Native Reporters", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://www.facebook.com/nativereportersng/posts/pfbid02JotXCRUWSDYYWnpJAWmsPVEWuDazHaRab3xr7SJPZkLvcXWZg9XoYk99AE3CVouGl?_rdc=1&_rdr#", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/nativereportersng/posts/pfbid02JotXCRUWSDYYWnpJAWmsPVEWuDazHaRab3xr7SJPZkLvcXWZg9XoYk99AE3CVouGl?_rdc=1&_rdr#", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221008035640/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2022/09/02/div-asset-asset-assetid-7842814001-assettype-video-class-assetcard-minimized-minimized-story-asset-c/7952295001/", "date": "2022-08-29", "label": "Refuted", "location": "GB", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67d20be435531374f6e4bceb#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "August 29, 2022", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220830212945/https://twitter.com/bobittwit/status/1564168024571142144", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the photo first published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related", "Metadata-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d20be435531374f6e4bceb#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220830212945/https://twitter.com/bobittwit/status/1564168024571142144", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The photo was about a Starbucks in the U.K. It was posted by@bobittwit, and according to the caption, the photo was taken inside a Starbucks store in Durham, England. \n\n"}], "question": "Is the photo from the US?\n", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d20be435531374f6e4bceb#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The sign was from a Starbucks in Durham, England, and similar signs appeared in Bradford, U.K.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221008035640/https://web.archive.org/web/20220830211325/https://twitter.com/bobittwit/status/1564168024571142144", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where was the viral \u201cWe\u2019re going cashless\u201d Starbucks sign originally located?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Starbucks confirmed it had no plans to go cashless across its stores in the U.S., U.K., or Canada.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221008035640/https://twitter.com/StarbucksUK/status/1564576677782605827?s=20&t=N7ys2iXGvnanRA_FGdseTw", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What did Starbucks say about going cashless across all stores?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim that Starbucks is going cashless is not supported by the evidence. While signs stating \"We're going cashless\" were observed in specific Starbucks locations in Durham and Bradford, UK, Starbucks confirmed it had no plans to go cashless across all stores in the U.S., U.K., or Canada.", "claim_text": "Starbucks is going cashless", "claim_images": ["67d20be435531374f6e4bceb#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "bobittwit", "transcription": "WE'RE GOING CASHLESS FROM 1st OCTOBER 2022 WE WILL ONLY BE ACCEPTING CARD, CONTACTLESS & STARBUCKS REWARDS PAYMENTS PLEASE ASK OUR TEAM FOR FURTHER DETAILS", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220830212945im_/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FbUKg8qX0AAmXys?format=jpg&name=large", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220830212945/https://twitter.com/bobittwit/status/1564168024571142144", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Media Source Discovery"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": [], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241010070458/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.33EA28V", "date": "2023-04-26", "label": "Refuted", "location": "PK", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67d23d3635531374f6e4c9a8#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "This graveyard is from Hyderabad, India.", "source_url": "https://x.com/immak02/status/1652679049419063296?s=46&t=vOcwOHoimxc8Pga8XE6IbA", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where is the grave in the photo located?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d23d3635531374f6e4c9a8#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://x.com/imMAK02/status/1652679049419063296/video/1", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The gate was installed to prevent new bodies from being buried in the existing grave."}], "question": "Is the grave padlocked to prevent rape?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is refuted by proving the image is from India and the grate is used to prevent multiple burials in the same grave.", "claim_text": "Photo of locked grave from Pakistan to prevent rape.", "claim_images": ["67d23d3635531374f6e4c9a8#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@MrSinha_", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://archive.ph/BCIlb/f608c0fd621fc041b31b171e5ede93123b7c6a44.jpg", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.ph/BCIlb", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim", "Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Keyword Search", "Image Analysis", "Geolocation"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230929144850/https://www.telugupost.com/english-factcheck/image-showing-a-car-mobbed-in-a-street-makes-a-false-claim-1474370", "date": "2023-04-12", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67d24b7e35531374f6e4c9cf#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220812135151/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/sunny-leone-brought-kochi-to-a-standstill-in-2017-on-throwback-thursday-1802181-2021-05-13", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "It is a picture of actress Sunny Leone\u2019s car surrounded by fans during her visit to Kochi for the launch of a smartphone branch event.\n"}], "question": "Is that a picture of Modi's car getting mobbed?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d24b7e35531374f6e4c9cf#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230415235232/https://twitter.com/SunnyLeone/status/898110975722872833", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "She shared the same photo with the caption: My car in literally a sea of love in Kochi Kerala!! Thanks #fone4 "}], "question": "Did Sunny Leone share the photo?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is refuted by proving the crowd is greeting actress Sunny Leone in Kochi.", "claim_text": "Image shows Modi's car mobbed in Kochi. ", "claim_images": ["67d24b7e35531374f6e4c9cf#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@GabbbarSingh", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim", "Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240310013805/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.32JC6DQ", "date": "2022-08-30", "label": "Refuted", "location": "MM", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67d273c835531374f6e4d4db#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20231227070850/http://mizzimaenglish.blogspot.com/2013/03/police-chief-transferred-after-refugee.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The image shows a fire break out at Mae Surin refugee camp."}], "question": "Does the picture show a school that was on fire?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://apr.jrs.net/en/story/thailand-post-fire-relief-efforts-underway-in-mae-surin-refugee-camp/", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Mae Surin refugee camp is located in Thailand."}], "question": "Is Mae Surin refugee camp located in Myanmar?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is refuted by proving that the fire was at a refugee camp in Thailand, not a school in Myanmar.", "claim_text": "Photo shows a school that was torched by an ethnic rebel group in Myanmar.", "claim_images": ["67d273c835531374f6e4d4db#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "\u101c\u1030\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u101b\u1032\u1037\u101e\u102c\u1038 \u101c\u1030\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://archive.ph/1kknH/ad01ce7639adb95fa21db11205f58edbc86784a4.jpg", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.ph/1kknH", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim", "Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250115064021/https://www.wnep.com/article/news/verify/electric-vehicles-verify/fact-checking-images-claiming-to-show-abandoned-electric-vehicles-in-france/536-7cf539e1-6bb0-4c4e-957b-170f367341df", "date": "2022-10-12", "label": "Refuted", "location": "FR", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67d281ec35531374f6e4d52d#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250115082247/https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1631767972502616808&wfr=spider&for=pc", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "There is no evidence the vehicles were bought for civil servants."}], "question": "Does the image show that electric vehicles were bought for civil servants?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d281ec35531374f6e4d52d#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250115082247/https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1631767972502616808&wfr=spider&for=pc", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "It shows a storage lot of 3,000 obsolete energy efficient vehicles located in China\u2019s Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province by the Qiantang River. "}], "question": "Does the image show electric vehicles abandoned in France?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d281ec35531374f6e4d52d#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "All the cars belong to an electric car sharing company called Microcity.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250116012610/https://www.indiatimes.com/auto/electric/china-electric-car-graveyard-how-thousands-of-evs-are-left-deserted-by-car-sharing-rental-firms-364315.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who owns the cars?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is refuted by proving the cars were abandoned in China, not France, because of a burst bubble around the industry.", "claim_text": "Meme shows electric vehicles were bought for civil servants and were abandoned in France.", "claim_images": ["67d281ec35531374f6e4d52d#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@DavidWolfe", "transcription": "France: They bought electric cars for civil servants but it was too expensive to replace the batteries. After that, no one else wanted the cars. Now they are here.", "media_source": "https://pbs.twimg.com/media/Fe5ZadCXoBA7ZCV?format=jpg&name=large", "original_claim_url": "https://x.com/DavidWolfe/status/1580298837133885441", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim", "Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search", "Image Analysis", "Geolocation"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240613230633/https://en.youturn.in/factcheck/no-the-image-doesnt-display-rahul-gandhis-wife.html", "date": "2021-01-08", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67d2e8e535531374f6e60214#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Sept 14, 2017.", "source_url": "https://x.com/nathalia73", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the date the photo appeared online?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d2e8e535531374f6e60214#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The woman in the photo is Spanish actress Nathalia Ramos.", "source_url": "https://x.com/nathalia73", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is the woman in the photo with Rahul Gandhi?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d2e8e535531374f6e60214#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Congress party president Rahul Gandhi has no plans to get married at least for now.", "source_url": "https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/rahul-gandhi-has-no-plans-to-get-married-says-he-is-wedded-to-congress-party/story-JV1fQzKPpMJ70nKcxuTfJP.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What was Rahul Gandhi's sentiment on marriage in 2018?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is refuted by image comparison and identifying the woman as actress Nathalia Ramos. Also, Gandhi's 2018 intention not to marry in the near future is mentioned.", "claim_text": "The image shows Rahul Gandhi with his wife. ", "claim_images": ["67d2e8e535531374f6e60214#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Yogesh K R", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search", "Keyword Search", "Image Analysis", "Video Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221205110219/https://checkyourfact.com/2022/10/06/fact-check-publix-hurricane-cakes/", "date": "2022-09-28", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230603153431/https://www.publix.com/search?searchTerm=hurricane%20ian%20cakes&srt=products", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "No such product is advertised on its website "}], "question": "Are there any Hurricane Ian themed cakes for sale on Publix's official website?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d2f3a035531374f6e65516#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Hurricane cakes appeared back in 2019, when Publix decorated cakes in the wake of Hurricane Dorian, another severe storm that hit Florida. Going back even further, other cakes have been made heralding storms like Hurricane Irma in 2017.\n\nThough people are reviving the joke in the wake of Hurricane Ian, a viral image of Hurricane cakes has been misreported as cakes baked specifically for the 2022 storm. In actuality, the cakes are no longer allowed to be sold.", "source_url": "https://www.distractify.com/p/publix-hurricane-cakes", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Are there any news reports related to the 0-th image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is refuted by proving that, although Publix once sold hurricane cakes, by the time of Hurricane Ian, they had been discontinued.", "claim_text": "Publix sold Hurricane Ian-themed cakes. ", "claim_images": ["67d2f3a035531374f6e65516#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Donna Hamilton", "transcription": "Leave Florida Alone", "media_source": "https://scontent-lga3-2.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/309438200_526863059441610_4288209443480753571_n.jpg?_nc_cat=101&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=127cfc&_nc_ohc=fO5PMRXPJZIQ7kNvgG1TuXl&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-lga3-2.xx&_nc_gid=AWIgQ8k0NmPGW4v-nPSp68y&oh=00_AYDZ9Tazd_AVrVQAp9sF6Nc8ADlHTnq7E1KQKk7P5uoYMw&oe=67A5E2CD", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/donna.hamilton.927543/posts/pfbid02rLsb77CvA7yHmbMLtTRirrNDs3oDwwC5pvdgLufVyYBsd3Gf6ZqzrhVD5zChSkFtl", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Media Source Discovery", "Keyword Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240126095848/https://www.newsweek.com/fact-check-did-russias-fsb-share-fake-x-ray-crimea-bridge-blast-truck-1751118", "date": "2022-10-12", "label": "Not Enough Evidence", "location": "UA", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "An FSB press release clarifies that two vehicles were used in the supposed \"sabotage\" operation.\n\nThe first was a DAF truck, which transported the load from Georgia or Armenia to Armavir in Southern Russia. That is the truck that had undergone the x-ray inspection at the border, according to the FSB.\n\nThe load was then allegedly placed on a second truck, an International ProStar (which also had a red cabin, adding to the confusion), which was not scanned, although it was searched by the security guards when coming onto the bridge.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20231129023006/http://www.fsb.ru/fsb/press/message/single.htm%21id%3D10439604%40fsbMessage.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What did the FSB say about the truck involved in the supposed \"sabotage\" operation?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The evidence provided does not address the x-ray image at all. The claim is neither supported nor refuted.", "claim_text": "Russia's FSB shared fake X-ray of Crimea bridge blast truck.", "claim_images": ["67d2f5cd35531374f6e65e40#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67d2f5cd35531374f6e65e40#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@pravda_eng", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://pbs.twimg.com/media/Fe2cP4bXEAIH82n?format=png&name=small", "original_claim_url": "https://x.com/pravda_eng/status/1580090942614560769?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": [], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230514001058/https://misbar.com/en/factcheck/2023/05/12/three-outdated-photos-resurface-during-the-ongoing-israel-gaza-clashes", "date": "2023-05-10", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IL", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67d2fd6635531374f6e662d9#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "16/12/2022", "source_url": "https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/internacional/em-um-dos-maiores-ataques-russia-dispara-mais-de-70-misseis-contra-a-ucrania/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the 0-th image taken?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d2fd6635531374f6e662d9#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": " residential building damaged by a Russian missile in Kryvyi Rih ", "source_url": "https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/internacional/em-um-dos-maiores-ataques-russia-dispara-mais-de-70-misseis-contra-a-ucrania/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where was the 0-th image taken?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is refuted by proving the image shows a Ukrainian building damaged by Russian missiles, not an Ashkelon building hit by rockets from Gaza.", "claim_text": "Photo shows a devastating Israeli building in Ashkelon after being hit by a rocket from Gaza.", "claim_images": ["67d2fd6635531374f6e662d9#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@tpyxame", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "", "reporting_source": "Social media posts", "claim_types": ["Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230324190347/https://www.boomlive.in/fact-check/world/fact-check-viral-image-fake-news-president-joe-biden-narendra-modi-missing-g20-summit-bali-indonesia-20025", "date": "2022-11-16", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67d3062435531374f6e6c9d4#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "A similar photo with the same people was posted on Joe Biden's official @POTUS twitter account Nov 16, 2022 captioned \"Earlier, I met with G20 and NATO Leaders to discuss the explosion in Eastern Poland near the Ukrainian border.\"", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230414001928/https://twitter.com/POTUS/status/1592745318713417728", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What meeting is taking place in the 0-th image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The G7 is an informal forum of leading industrialised nations, which include Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States. ", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230414002214/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/everyday-explainers/explained-g7-summit-germany-india-invitation-7992746/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What countries are the members of the G7?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230325002211/https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/nato_countries.htm", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "India is not listed on the official list of NATO Member Countries\n"}], "question": "Is India a member of NATO?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Today, the Leaders of Canada, the European Commission, the European Council, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States met on the margins of the G20 Summit in Bali and released the following statement...", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230323232447/https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/11/15/readout-of-the-meeting-of-nato-and-g7-leaders-on-the-margins-of-the-g20-summit-in-bali/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What did the White House report about the emergency meeting titled, \"Joint Statement of NATO and G7 Leaders on the Margins of the G20 Summit in Bali\"?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221116022053/https://twitter.com/ANI/status/1592360738659500032", "source_medium": "Video", "boolean_explanation": "Wire agency ANI tweeted a video on November 15 which showed, US President Joe Biden walking over to PM Narendra Modi for a brief chat before the start of the G20 summit."}], "question": "Was Modi at the G20 summit?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim that Modi was not invited to an emergency meeting at the G20 summit is refuted by evidence showing that Modi attended the summit and was involved in interactions with President Biden. There is no indication that Modi was excluded from any significant discussions.", "claim_text": "Indian Prime Minister Modi was not invited to an emergency meeting called by Biden at the G20 summit. ", "claim_images": ["67d3062435531374f6e6c9d4#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@ashoswai", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230414001718im_/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FhrpngOWYAIhEVY?format=jpg&name=large", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230414001718/https://twitter.com/ashoswai/status/1592842288400543745", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery", "Keyword Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221026210434/https://fullfact.org/online/kwasi-kwarteng-letter-signature/", "date": "2022-10-14", "label": "Not Enough Evidence", "location": "GB", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67d33aee35531374f6e6da45#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Image", "image_answers": ["67d33aee35531374f6e6da45#ANSWER#0#0#0.jpg"]}], "question": "Did Kwasi Kwarteng mistakenly sign his own resignation letter?", "answer_method": "Image Analysis", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The \"evidence\" provided is the very same image as within the claim. There has been no explanation provided that either supports or refutes the claim.", "claim_text": "A letter sent by Prime Minister Liz Truss to Kwasi Kwarteng is actually signed by Kwarteng himself.", "claim_images": ["67d33aee35531374f6e6da45#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@Peston", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FfCCvB9XEAE98pg?format=jpg&name=large", "original_claim_url": "https://x.com/Peston/status/1580907218836553728?s=20&t=lKif_391sujJLJ7RxDQwCw", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim", "Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted", "Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230319122715/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2022/12/22/fact-check-false-claim-armed-black-panthers-georgia-runoff/10901584002/", "date": "2022-12-06", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "2022 Georgia US Senate December 6 Runoff", "source_url": "https://guides.vote/guide/2022-georgia-us-senate-runoff-voters-guide", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What runoff in Georgia does the claim refer to?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d356ca35531374f6e6f5d9#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "4 July 2020", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230701021952/https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-8490715/Thousands-Americans-gather-Fourth-July-protests-US.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the 0-th image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d356ca35531374f6e6f5d9#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Stone Mountain Confederate Memorial in Georgia", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230701021952/https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-8490715/Thousands-Americans-gather-Fourth-July-protests-US.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where was the 0-th image taken?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is refuted by proving the image is from 2020 at Stone Mountain, not the 2022 Georgia runoff.", "claim_text": "Armed Black Panthers patrolled voting sites during Georgia runoff.", "claim_images": ["67d356ca35531374f6e6f5d9#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "ChristiansForTrump1", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240325144454/https://www.indiatoday.in/fact-check/story/fact-check-pictures-old-stampedes-passed-off-recent-yemen-crush-2363040-2023-04-21", "date": "2023-04-20", "label": "Refuted", "location": "YE", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67d35f0f35531374f6e713dc#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "South Korea", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240325080644/https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/Society/At-least-154-killed-in-South-Korea-Halloween-crowd-crush", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where was the 0-th image taken?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d35f0f35531374f6e713dc#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "northern Israel", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250115030019/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2021/04/29/israel-stampede-jewish-gathering-mount-meron-lag-baomer/7405923002/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where was the 1-th image taken?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is refuted by proving the stampedes depicted occurred in South Korea and Israel, not in Yemen.", "claim_text": "Image shows people being crushed in a stampede in Yemen's capital, Sanaa.", "claim_images": ["67d35f0f35531374f6e713dc#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67d35f0f35531374f6e713dc#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@DainikBhaskar ", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://archive.is/sNjzW/f6304f4bea7708152371239056eff8743eccd9d4.jpg", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.is/sNjzW", "reporting_source": "social media posts", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim", "Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted", "Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240615181210/https://newschecker.in/fact-check/viral-photo-of-spacious-cabin-not-of-pan-am-747s-economy-class-in-the-1960s/", "date": "2023-01-10", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67d3648835531374f6e71667#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "a website called Works That Work with the caption \"Boeing 747, interior mockup. A full-scale mock-up of the interior of the 747\u2019s passenger model. Boeing initially expected to sell only about four hundred 747 passenger planes and designed them for easy conversion into cargo carriers. When the passenger seats are removed the fuselage can accommodate containers stacked two units wide, two units high and two or three ranks deep. Boeing has since sold more than one and a half thousand 747s. (Photo courtesy of the Boeing Company)\"\n", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240420011622/https://worksthatwork.com/2/boeing-747/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Are there any articles related to the 0-th image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d3648835531374f6e71667#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "28Th Paris Air Show In Le Bourget 1969. Sur Boeing 747, des passagers install\u00e9s dans une des salles de s\u00e9jour de l'avion, en classe touriste. (Photo by Francois Pages/Paris Match via Getty Images)", "source_url": "https://www.gettyimages.in/detail/news-photo/28th-paris-air-show-in-le-bourget-1969-sur-boeing-747-des-news-photo/162860288?adppopup=true", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who was the original publisher of the 0-th image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Pan Am introduced the 747-100 on January 22nd, 1970", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221118172953/https://simpleflying.com/pan-am-boeing-747-52-years/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When did Pan Am introduce the 747?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d3648835531374f6e71667#INPUT#3#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.panam.org/video/451-the-jumbo-jet-1970", "source_medium": "Video", "boolean_explanation": " A video (the narrator talks about the economy cabin at the 2:18 mark) from the Pan Am\u2019s Historical Foundation\u2019s website showed that the cabin was not as spacious as seen in the viral image."}], "question": "Did 747 flight economy class cabin looked like in the image 0?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d3648835531374f6e71667#INPUT#4#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The website features the image, described as a mock-up of a 747 interior.", "source_url": "https://worksthatwork.com/2/boeing-747/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Does image 0 show the real 747 cabin or a mockup?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The image does not show the actual luxurious economy class of a Pan Am 747 but rather a mock-up of the interior, and the economy class in reality was not as spacious as depicted in the image.", "claim_text": "Photo shows the luxurious economy class cabin of the Pan Am (Pan American World Airways) 1960's 747 plane ", "claim_images": ["67d3648835531374f6e71667#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@armanwalker", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230113064357im_/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FmHxMehaEAAacMz?format=jpg&name=900x900", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230113064357/https://twitter.com/armanwalker/status/1612835341395951616", "reporting_source": "X (Formally Twitter)", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim", "Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search", "Keyword Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": [], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240425010800/https://en.youturn.in/factcheck/did-bbc-remove-kashmir-from-india-map.html", "date": "2023-01-30", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67d369bc35531374f6e718f3#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230413122012/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/bbc-india-map-kashmir-7153324/", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "In a video broadcast about President-elect Joe Biden on BBC World Service entitled 'US Election 2020: What do countries around the world want from Joe Biden', the graphic depicting the map of India was incompletely highlighted in red with the Union Territories of Jammu and Kashmir missing."}], "question": "Did the BBC use an inaccurate map of India which had Jammu and Kashmir missing?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d369bc35531374f6e718f3#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The BBC responded with an apology and updated the online broadcast with the map of India reflecting the boundaries of Jammu and Kashmir in the standard format used by the news channel in the UK.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230413122012/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/bbc-india-map-kashmir-7153324/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What action did the BBC take regarding the map of India they used in the US Election 2020 broadcast?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d369bc35531374f6e718f3#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "January 2021.", "source_url": "https://indianexpress.com/article/india/bbc-india-map-kashmir-7153324/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What date did the BBC use the inaccurate map of India?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d369bc35531374f6e718f3#INPUT#3#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Jan 30, 2023.", "source_url": "https://twitter.com/divya_gandotra/status/1619990118823256073", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "On what date was the claim made that BBC removes Jammu & Kashmir from Indian Map?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d369bc35531374f6e718f3#INPUT#4#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The BBC has been under fire for its two part series called \"India: The Modi Question\" on BBC two. The external affairs ministry called it a \"propaganda piece designed to push a particular discredited narrative.\"", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240425010800im_/https://en.youturn.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Screenshot-2023-02-03-at-12.58.40-AM.png", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Why is the BBC once again being accused of removing Jammu and Kashmir from the India map?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is refuted by proving that the BBC apologized for and corrected its error in January 2021, not in 2023.", "claim_text": "BBC removed Jammu and Kashmir from the Indian map.", "claim_images": ["67d369bc35531374f6e718f3#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@divya_gandotra", "transcription": "BBC India", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230202101945im_/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/Fntca-oakAI_gJ-?format=jpg&name=medium", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230202101945/https://twitter.com/divya_gandotra/status/1619990118823256073", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Media Publishing Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Keyword Search", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230322223222/https://en.youturn.in/factcheck/modi-taking-photographer-to-toilet.html", "date": "2022-10-17", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67d36a4335531374f6e719a0#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Prime Minister Narendra Modi visits Gurudwara Rakab Ganj Sahib on the occasion of the 400th Prakash Parv of Guru Teg Bahadur, in New Delhi on Sunday. | ANI Photo", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221207064023/https://twitter.com/narendramodi/status/1340510756027072514", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What did the original publisher say about the 0-th image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "a vlog uploaded on YouTube on the channel named \u2018Gurpreet Kaur\u2019 shows the hand wash area in the Gurudwara that is located near the staircase.", "source_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=38DMgCYEVN0", "source_medium": "Video"}], "question": "Is there a wash station at Gurudwara Rakab Ganj Sahib religious site?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://wanderlustandlipstick.com/blogs/travelpurpose/2012/02/29/visiting-a-sikh-temple-how-to-step-inside-respectfully/", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Many gurdwaras have a fountain or small moat just outside the entrance of the main prayer hall. It is customary to remove your shoes here and place them on the shoe racks provided, and wash your hands and feet."}], "question": "Is it a custom to wash one\u2019s hands and feet before entering religious sites such as Gurudwaras, Temples or Mosques?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is refuted by proving that Modi was visiting a Sikh temple and washing his hands as is customary outside the main prayer hall.", "claim_text": "Modi was photographed washing his hands after going to the toilet.", "claim_images": ["67d36a4335531374f6e719a0#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "\u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u092a\u093e\u0917\u0932 \u0939\u094b \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://scontent-man2-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/312220549_480634857428347_5093454472314890580_n.jpg?stp=dst-jpg_s600x600_tt6&_nc_cat=110&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=833d8c&_nc_ohc=vaO8sOrPrsQQ7kNvgFV_YGX&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-man2-1.xx&_nc_gid=AO3tFtlAEwGYs2GWd3bMVZ9&oh=00_AYDkwJeDRDo_vYGkTpB24DnuIjT56hTgAwYDpbF6rhla5A&oe=676B215E", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/vikashpagalhogayahain/posts/pfbid036bw3qG5tNSXsHXEhMK63FCPspzXoXe52JLtixmsA7EEw6ApNV73ggrhzfRCaHH1Vl", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim", "Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Keyword Search", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240625022002/https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/vagina-microscope/", "date": "2023-04-03", "label": "Refuted", "location": "", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67d37bf335531374f6e72793#INPUT#0#0.jpg", "67d37bf335531374f6e72793#INPUT#0#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The images show a macro image of the inside of a fig, similar to other stock photos.", "source_url": "https://www.dreamstime.com/stock-photography-fig-fruit-image10281292", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is shown in the 0-th and 1-th image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Inside the rounded fruit of a fig tree is a maze of flowers. That is, a fig is not actually a fruit; it is an inflorescence\u2014a cluster of many flowers and seeds contained inside a bulbous stem. Because of this unusual arrangement, the seeds\u2014technically the ovaries of the fig\u2014require a specialized pollinator that is adapted to navigate within these confined quarters.", "source_url": "https://esa.org/esablog/2011/05/20/the-story-of-the-fig-and-its-wasp/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What makes up the internal structure of a fig?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d37bf335531374f6e72793#INPUT#2#0.jpg", "67d37bf335531374f6e72793#INPUT#2#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Image", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240120135954/https://www.alamy.com/close-up-of-inside-of-a-ripe-sweet-fig-with-its-seeds-image264066370.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "image_answers": ["67d37bf335531374f6e72793#ANSWER#2#0#0.jpg"]}], "question": "What does the inside of a fig look like?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is refuted by proving that the image shows the inside of a fig, not what a vagina looks like under a microscope.", "claim_text": "Image shows what a vagina looks like  under a microscope.", "claim_images": ["67d37bf335531374f6e72793#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67d37bf335531374f6e72793#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@drpenking", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230514122528im_/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/Fs3nbIQX0AM2hWF?format=jpg&name=small,https://web.archive.org/web/20230514122529im_/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/Fs3nbIYWIAEfiuj?format=jpg&name=small", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230514122528/https://twitter.com/drpenking/status/1643223899465760768", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim", "Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230817235009/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.33BV4F9", "date": "2023-03-12", "label": "Refuted", "location": "LK", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67d461eb35531374f6eea448#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Ruwan Gunaratne uploaded the image to their Facebook page on May 13, 2022.", "source_url": "https://archive.ph/45JFW", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who originally published the image of the woman shown in the claim?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d461eb35531374f6eea448#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "I want to very strongly condemn the attempt to sling mud at Chathurangani in particular and aragalaya (protesters) in general using (without permission) a photo of mine from 13th May last year.", "source_url": "https://archive.is/LgE9X#selection-715.0-715.8", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What did Ruwan Gunaratne say about the woman in the image in an update?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is refuted by proving that the image was taken a year prior to the claim date, and that the photographer identified the woman as a protestor.", "claim_text": "Image shows the mother of a baby that was abandoned in a train toilet in Sri Lanka.", "claim_images": ["67d461eb35531374f6eea448#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": " Kamal Abeysinghe", "transcription": "Behold the gift that the aragalaya (protests) gave her.", "media_source": "https://archive.is/9bg6k/34ed716b25a93442112a0b40004b7a1e9539fbc9.jpg", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.is/9bg6k#selection-396.0-417.16", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241005041900/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.33BB4ZK", "date": "2023-03-11", "label": "Refuted", "location": "NG", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67d4663835531374f6eea978#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Dele Momodu shared the image on his verified Twitter on Jan 28, 2021 where it was captioned in part \"Hottest throwbacks: Top, left to right, BOLA TINUBU, DELE MOMODU, MANI ONUMONU at Dele's London home in 1996\"", "source_url": "https://archive.ph/aqMP4", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who originally published the 0-th image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d4663835531374f6eea978#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Image", "source_url": "https://archive.ph/aqMP4", "source_medium": "Web text", "image_answers": ["67d4663835531374f6eea978#ANSWER#1#0#0.jpg"]}], "question": "What did the unedited image of the 0-th photo look like?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d4663835531374f6eea978#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The photo actually shows Tinubu and Dele Momodu, not the chief justice. It was taken in 1996 during their time in exile."}], "question": " Who are the people in the photo that was claimed to show Tinubu and Nigeria's chief justice?", "answer_method": "Image Analysis", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d4663835531374f6eea978#INPUT#3#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Dele Momodu shared the photo originally in 2021, and it was later misrepresented in 2023.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241005041900/https://factcheck.afp.com/how-do-reverse-image-search", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was this photo originally shared?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is refuted as the man with Bola Tinubu in the image is not the country's chief justice, but Dele Momodu. However, the QA 4 link is wrong (How to do a reverse image search).QA 3 doesn't offer any links.", "claim_text": "Image shows Nigeria\u2019s president-elect Bola Tinubu and the country\u2019s chief justice.", "claim_images": ["67d4663835531374f6eea978#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@Naturenwa", "transcription": "That picture is Tinubu and the current chief judge of the federation. No wonder he said we should meet him in court", "media_source": "https://archive.ph/mbm6O/67506079c3789394a660129f2c904783ffc6df15.jpg", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.ph/mbm6O#selection-807.0-807.10", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240524230519/https://www.altnews.in/photo-of-lunch-hosted-by-sardar-patel-falsely-viral-as-maulana-azads-iftar-party/", "date": "2023-03-30", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67d46c6c35531374f6ef42d7#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "stock photo website Alamy", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230415120839/https://www.alamy.com/june-1948-httpmmid-daycomarticlesfinding-babasaheb-ambedkars-smile17166159-unknown-author-image352022086.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is the original publisher of the 0-th image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d46c6c35531374f6ef42d7#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Marathi: Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar, Jawaharlal Nehru, Maulana Azad and other ministers attending a dinner invitation given by Vallabhbhai Patel to the Cabinet in celebration of Chakraborty Rajagopalchari becoming India\u2019s first Governor General. June 1948", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230415120839/https://www.alamy.com/june-1948-httpmmid-daycomarticlesfinding-babasaheb-ambedkars-smile17166159-unknown-author-image352022086.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the translated original caption associated with the 0-th image on Alamy?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is refuted by proving the photo shows a 1948 dinner party hosted by Vallabhbhai Patel", "claim_text": "A photo shows the first Iftar party in independent India  given by Jawaharlal Nehru in 1947, in which his cabinet is visible.", "claim_images": ["67d46c6c35531374f6ef42d7#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@ajaychauhan41", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230419083129im_/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FsjVHlxagAUVM4b?format=jpg&name=900x900", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230419075147/https://twitter.com/ajaychauhan41/status/1641796400899035139", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230531185203/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.33G93G8", "date": "2023-05-15", "label": "Refuted", "location": "NG", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67d4798035531374f6f0b351#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Japan", "source_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pR_QkaDRVg0&t=1218s", "source_medium": "Video"}], "question": "Where was the 0-th image taken?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "\"What was posted out for social media consumption never represented the bedroom of our father\"", "source_url": "https://archive.ph/8tkZl", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What did Adelakun\u2019s son, Kunle Musediq Adelakun, release in a statement to local newspapers regarding the image of his father's bedroom?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is refuted by proving the image is from a video of an abandoned hotel in Japan, not Adelakun's bedroom. Also, a denial by Adelakun's son is included.", "claim_text": "Image shows bedroom of late Nigerian politician former politician Alhaji \nBusari Adelakun\u2019s bedroom, abandoned and overgrown with vegetation since his death in the 1980s.", "claim_images": ["67d4798035531374f6f0b351#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@abdullahayofel", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://archive.is/OlCCt/f057edab6fd2c9d8c4af406b278ac7edcc7be763.jpg", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.is/OlCCt", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search", "Keyword Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230602230902/https://www.thequint.com/news/webqoof/ali-ahmed-misidentified-as-asad-ahmed-son-of-atiq-ahmed-uttar-pradesh-encounter-fact-check", "date": "2023-04-12", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67d50f3735531374f6f3e36f#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Atiq Ahmed's son Ali", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220114071722mp_/https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/zeesalaam/news/atiq-ahmed-son-ali-prayagraj-police-ali-surrender-application/1070374", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is the person on the right in the 0-th image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d50f3735531374f6f3e36f#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "... younger son Ali Ahmed surrendered in the district court of Prayagraj. Ali is currently in Naini jail. Bahubali Atiq has already been lodged in different jails for the last 5 years. Atiq is currently lodged in Ahmedabad jail in Gujarat in connection with extortion and other cases.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220826130935mp_/https://www.bhaskar.com/local/uttar-pradesh/prayagraj/news/elder-son-umar-also-reached-jail-24-days-after-younger-son-ali-ahmed-130222405.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What did a local news article say about the man on the right in the 0-th image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is refuted by providing links that identify the men as Atiq Ahmad and his son Ali Ahmad.", "claim_text": "Image shows Atiq Ahmad & Asad Ahmad.", "claim_images": ["67d50f3735531374f6f3e36f#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524174716im_/https://web.archive.org/web/20230413121304im_/https://static.toiimg.com/thumb/msid-99458851,imgsize-49556,width-400,resizemode-4/99458851.jpg", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230518210120/https://web.archive.org/web/20230413121304/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/atiq-ahmad-breaks-down-in-court-following-his-son-asads-encounter-in-jhansi/articleshow/99458831.cms", "reporting_source": "TimesOfIndia.com", "claim_types": ["Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240619175050/https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2023/04/fact-check-photo-shirtless-person-jockstrap-is-not-traceable-to-uk-prime-minister-rishi-sunak.html", "date": "2023-04-24", "label": "Refuted", "location": "GB", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67d6e71e35531374f6f42669#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": " The collar area below the individual's neck has an inexplicable coloration, and it seems that the entire head and neck may have been digitally added. The musculature of the sternocleidomastoid muscles, which run from the ears by the jaw diagonally down the neck to meet at the top of a sternum, does not join with the midline of the person's ribcage and the actual sternum. Furthermore, the person's collar does not cleanly lie on top of the skin of the base of the neck, as would be the case in a natural photo. Rather, the base of the neck appears to be over the collar. The gesture of the hands and rendering of the fingers also appear unnatural, and may indicate that this image was AI-generated."}], "question": "Is there any indication that the 0-th image is edited?", "answer_method": "Image Analysis", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d6e71e35531374f6f42669#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220720203022/https://www.apnews.com/article/boris-johnson-covid-health-liz-truss-government-and-politics-1a90c0824d2abe92e9c0bd54849a1591", "source_medium": "Image/graphic", "boolean_explanation": "The person portrayed has a dark spot on the left cheekbone that Sunak does not have, as compared to a photo of Sunak in an AP article."}], "question": "Does Rishi Sunak have a dark spot on his face like the person in the 0-th image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d6e71e35531374f6f42669#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The original, unedited photo was taken by photographer Thomas Hobbs at the Pride March in New York City on June 25, 2006. The photo can be found on Flickr.\nThree of the faces in the original group photo were digitally replaced with new faces in the version used in the claim.", "source_url": "https://flickr.com/photos/thomashobbs/430092297/in/album-72157600015188150/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What was the original source of the 1-th image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is refuted by proving that CLAIM_IMG_1 is from a 2006 Pride parade and by a comparison of CLAIM_IMG_0 with a photo of Sunak. ", "claim_text": "Photo collage shows British Prime Minister Rishi Sunak flashing his bare chest and wearing nothing but a white lab coat and a jockstrap and  Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy wearing a wig and \ncamouflage shorts.", "claim_images": ["67d6e71e35531374f6f42669#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67d6e71e35531374f6f42669#CLAIM#1.jpg", "67d6e71e35531374f6f42669#CLAIM#2.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@Moss_Daddy7", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230427191005/https://twitter.com/Moss_Daddy7/status/1650928396027715587", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery", "Reverse Image Search", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230315142419/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.33B926Y", "date": "2023-03-09", "label": "Refuted", "location": "PK", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67d6ee1235531374f6f42be3#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "a May 31, 2022 Facebook post by Rawalpindi police in which part of the caption translates to \"\"Shootout between private housing societies in Chauntra and Chakri police station\"", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/Rawalpindicpoofficeoffical/posts/pfbid034d1pyd6zgJTh61Gh64y3cG4QkCnC7jRjuad47iYmJC7YSfSD3f5zAPCYEYJZisPHl", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the 0-th image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d6ee1235531374f6f42be3#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "English translation of the article reads \"Following the incident of firing between private housing societies in the area of \u200b\u200bChontra and Chakri police stations, Rawalpindi Police conducted a grand operation... 34 accused arrested and heavy quantities of ammunition recovered including eight Kalashnikovs, seven .303 rifles, one Raptor and 18 pistols\"", "source_url": "https://archive.is/InoBk", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What did a report by Pakistan's Dunya News say about the 0-th image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "March 2023", "source_url": "https://www.voanews.com/a/clashes-between-pakistan-police-ex-pm-khan-supporters/6996162.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When did clashes erupt between police and supporters of Imran Khan at a rally in Lahore?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is refuted by proving the image was taken a year prior to the claim and shows persons arrested for having a shootout in a Pakistani city.", "claim_text": "Image shows Pakistani opposition supporters being arrested by police.", "claim_images": ["67d6ee1235531374f6f42be3#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@Irfanglt", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230315025355im_/https://archive.is/X5HaJ/da8c728f0c91415bef9f0505e6b782c22baca606.jpg", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230315114828/https://archive.is/X5HaJ", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240421235757/https://checkyourfact.com/2023/06/06/fact-check-image-belgorod-governors-wife/", "date": "2023-05-21", "label": "Not Enough Evidence", "location": "RU", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67d6f68035531374f6f439a7#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The image was published in an article on the Russian Association of Tour Operators' website February 2, 2023.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230402054800/https://www.atorus.ru/node/51253", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the 0-th image first published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "June 2023", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240527120054/https://meduza.io/en/news/2023/06/01/russian-volunteer-corps-announces-new-raid-in-belgorod-region", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When did raids begin in Belgorod?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": []}], "justification": "The claim that this is the wife of Gladkov is not addressed. The evidence is in another language. The claim is neither supported nor refuted.", "claim_text": "Image shows the wife of Belgorod Region Governor Vyacheslav Gladkov fleeing at the airport", "claim_images": ["67d6f68035531374f6f439a7#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@EvaTrmx86qc7r", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230614103826im_/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/Fwvd1ZKXgAMfk47?format=jpg&name=900x900", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230612205551/https://twitter.com/EvaTrmx86qc7r/status/1660664801377374209", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search", "Fact-checker Reference"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240809121103/https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2022/10/fact-check-green-screen-studio-photo-does-not-show-behind-the-scenes-deception-by-zelenskyy.html", "date": "2022-10-10", "label": "Refuted", "location": "UA", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67d7c10135531374f6f4c4d6#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "He used a hologram of himself to address Europe's tech community.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240825225031/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zckV1bYrGdQ", "source_medium": "Video"}], "question": "Why did president Zelenskyy use tech in the image shown?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "He is offering tech firms an opportunity to rebuild Ukraine as a fully digital democracy.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240826002312/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2022/jun/17/hologram-zelenskiy-promises-ukraine-will-defeat-the-empire", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Did president Zelenskyy use tech to deceive people to make things appear real?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is refuted by proving that Zelenskyy purposely used a hologram of himself to address Europe's tech community as a way to convince them to help him rebuild Ukraine.", "claim_text": "Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy used green screen technology, lots of editing and help from Hollywood to produce propaganda to make things appear real.", "claim_images": ["67d7c10135531374f6f4c4d6#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@DoctorGerhard", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://pbs.twimg.com/media/Fe1Akg6XEAIw4d0?format=jpg&name=medium", "original_claim_url": "https://twitter.com/DoctorGerhard/status/1579990045251207168", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim", "Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240521202752/https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2022/11/fact-check-woman-in-social-media-photo-Is-not-balenciaga-stylist-lotta-volkova.html", "date": "2022-11-27", "label": "Refuted", "location": "FR", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://www.allure.com/story/lotta-volkova-balenciaga-vetements", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "She is the stylist behind Balenciaga."}], "question": "Is Lotta Volkova a Balenciaga stylist?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d7d8f335531374f6f4c646#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "A runway model at a Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week in Beijing, China.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240415080520/https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/model-showcases-designs-on-the-runway-at-sheguang-hu-news-photo/518375728?phrase=Sheguang&adppopup=true", "source_medium": "Image/graphic"}], "question": "Who is the person in the image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is refuted by proving the woman is a runway model in China.", "claim_text": "Image showing Lotta Volkova, a stylist for Paris-based fashion house Balenciaga.", "claim_images": ["67d7d8f335531374f6f4c646#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@jakeshieldsajj", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221128213653im_/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FindCsOVsAADWwB?format=jpg&name=large", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221128213653/https://twitter.com/jakeshieldsajj/status/1597050605918306305", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230424215705/https://newsmobile.in/articles/2023/04/21/fact-check-truth-behind-tmc-guidelines-for-people-to-prevent-heat-related-illnesses/", "date": "2023-04-18", "label": "Not Enough Evidence", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67d7de9535531374f6f517a6#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Image", "image_answers": ["67d7de9535531374f6f517a6#ANSWER#0#0#0.jpg"]}], "question": "Which organization does the logo in the image belong to?", "answer_method": "Image Analysis", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Unanswerable", "answer_text": "No answer could be found."}], "question": "Did TMC release any guidelines for preventing heat-related illnesses?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The evidence does not address the claim. The lone answer merely replicates the image in the claim without any explanation. The claim is neither supported nor refuted.", "claim_text": "The Thane Municipal Corporation (TMC) issued the advisory leaflet shown  amid a severe heatwave in April of 2023.", "claim_images": ["67d7de9535531374f6f517a6#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Terrence Rebella", "transcription": "HEAT-RELATED ILLNESSES WHAT TO LOOK FOR WHAT TO DO", "media_source": "https://www.cdc.gov/disasters/extremeheat/warning.html", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230424113155/https://www.cdc.gov/disasters/extremeheat/warning.html", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Media Publishing Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Keyword Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240518102152/https://checkyourfact.com/2023/06/01/fact-check-image-damaged-russian-warship/", "date": "2023-05-26", "label": "Refuted", "location": "RU", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67d7e23a35531374f6f518fe#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The USS Cole ", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240518102152/https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna39622062", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Which wardship is represented in this image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Oct. 12, 2000", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240715002847/https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna39622062", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the date this photo was taken?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240329145952/https://www.newsweek.com/ukrainian-drone-russian-ship-ivan-khurs-black-sea-sevastopol-crimea-1802857", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Russia's Defense Ministry stated that Ukraine's sea drone attack on the Ivan Khurs failed, as the ship's weapons destroyed the drones before impact. They also released footage claiming to show one being destroyed."}], "question": "Did a Ukrainian drone cause damage to a Russian warship?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is refuted by proving the image is of the USS Cole in 2000, not the Ivan Khurs in 2023.", "claim_text": "The image shows the Ivan Khurs, a Russian intelligence warship, damaged after a Ukrainian attack.", "claim_images": ["67d7e23a35531374f6f518fe#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Idlib Frontline", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240715002847im_/https://media-cldnry.s-nbcnews.com/image/upload/t_fit-1240w,f_auto,q_auto:best/MSNBC/Components/Photo/_new/101011-USS-Cole-hmed-4p.jpg", "original_claim_url": "", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim", "Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230204094108/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.32GR3WV", "date": "2022-07-31", "label": "Refuted", "location": "UA", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67d7e5ce35531374f6f51942#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "A Chinese tourist group dressed in Russian special forces uniforms.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230204094108/https://archive.ph/hs0OV", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who are the individuals shown in this photograph?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d7e5ce35531374f6f51942#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The photo was taken at \"Armeisky Poligon,\" a military-themed amusement park in Russia, south of St. Petersburg.  ", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230204094108/https://www.google.com/maps/@59.69697,30.1741892,3a,15y,45.14h,85.01t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1slLoAakBeLfplm5eLacM-0Q!2e0!6shttps:%2F%2Fstreetviewpixels-pa.googleapis.com%2Fv1%2Fthumbnail%3Fpanoid%3DlLoAakBeLfplm5eLacM-0Q%26cb_client%3Dmaps_sv.tactile.gps%26w%3D203%26h%3D100%26yaw%3D114.38027%26pitch%3D0%26thumbfov%3D100!7i16384!8i8192?hl=pl", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where was the photo of the people in military uniforms taken?  ", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d7e5ce35531374f6f51942#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "They were tourists from China participating in a military-style experience at the amusement park.  \n", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230204094108/https://perma.cc/6D33-K3H2", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Were the people in the photo actual Chinese soldiers?  ", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "CLAIM_IMG_0 does not show actual soldiers, it shows a Chinese tourist group dressed in Russian special forces uniforms during a military-style experience at an amusement park in Russia. Therefore, the claim is refuted.", "claim_text": "Photo of Chinese soldiers joining Russian army to fight in Ukraine.", "claim_images": ["67d7e5ce35531374f6f51942#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@wanjunxie", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://archive.ph/y31zm/9d52b82f51426339af5d87b5644c57d523958082.png", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.ph/y31zm", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim", "Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Media Source Discovery", "Reverse Image Search", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240620151059/https://en.youturn.in/factcheck/islamic-flag-in-chanda-devi-temple.html", "date": "2023-02-07", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67d7e8d135531374f6f5659d#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240620151059im_/https://en.youturn.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/AC547310-C438-4625-8F39-EAF0AAA8D344.jpeg", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The image is authentic and shows a worship site for both Hindus and Muslims in Chhattisgarh."}], "question": "Was an Islamic flag displayed inside a Hindu temple in Chhattisgarh?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Yes, the temple symbolizes unity, where both Hindus and Muslims pray together.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240620151059mp_/https://www.amarujala.com/photo-gallery/chhattisgarh/chandi-temple-is-an-example-of-hindu-muslim-unity-in-chhattisgarh-balod-2023-02-07", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Is the temple in Chhattisgarh a shared place of worship for both Hindus and Muslims?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d7e8d135531374f6f5659d#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The flag symbolizes communal harmony between Hindus and Muslims at the Chandi Devi Temple in Gunderdehi, which has been a shared place of worship for both communities.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240620151059/https://www.google.com/amp/s/navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/state/chhattisgarh/raipur/maa-chandi-devi-temple-in-chhattisgarh-sets-an-example-of-communal-harmony-hindus-and-muslims-offer-prayers/amp_articleshow/97761547.cms", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Why is the green flag with the number 786 in the temple?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d7e8d135531374f6f5659d#INPUT#3#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The flag represents the centuries-old shared worship and unity, not a violation of religious norms.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240620151059/https://www.amarujala.com/photo-gallery/chhattisgarh/chandi-temple-is-an-example-of-hindu-muslim-unity-in-chhattisgarh-balod-2023-02-07", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Does the presence of this flag in the temple conflict with religious practices?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is refuted by the QA pairs. The flag symbolizes communal harmony between Hindus and Muslims at the Chandi Devi Temple in Gunderdehi, which has been a shared place of worship for both communities.", "claim_text": "An Islamic flag is tied to the roof of the Chanda Devi Temple in Gunderdehi, Chhattisgarh because Hindis have taken over the temple.", "claim_images": ["67d7e8d135531374f6f5659d#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Panchjanya ", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240620151059/https://www.amarujala.com/photo-gallery/chhattisgarh/chandi-temple-is-an-example-of-hindu-muslim-unity-in-chhattisgarh-balod-2023-02-07", "original_claim_url": "https://x.com/epanchjanya/status/1622614355480313856?s=46&t=KwxIP3DmsjOD_fmBGVZZPA", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim", "Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Keyword Search", "Image Analysis", "Video Analysis", "Fact-checker Reference"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20231206053359/https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/london-milkman-wwii-bombing/", "date": "2022-09-10", "label": "Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking", "location": "GB", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67d7ec9035531374f6f565c6#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The October 9, 1940, photo by Fred Morley is real and taken after a German bombing raid.", "source_url": "https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/milkman-delivering-milk-in-a-street-devastated-in-a-german-news-photo/2639103", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Is the photo of the milkman during the London Blitz an authentic, unaltered image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The photo was staged, with the \"milkman\" being the photographer's assistant dressed in a borrowed outfit, posing amid the real destruction of the London Blitz.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20231206053359/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/books/authors/the-blitz-reactions-to-nazi-bombing-of-London/milkman-blitz/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Does the photo of the milkman depict a genuine moment from the WWII bombings, or was it staged?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "Conflicting evidence is offered. Both sources identify the photographer as Fred Morley. A Getty Images description identifies the man as a milkman, but a Telegraph source claims the photo was faked.", "claim_text": "A vintage photograph authentically shows a milkman delivering milk in the aftermath of a bomber attack on London during World War II.", "claim_images": ["67d7ec9035531374f6f565c6#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "History Season", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://scontent-lga3-2.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/472879986_1121607252801573_1389696340286547063_n.jpg?_nc_cat=101&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=3a1ebe&_nc_ohc=dyPzbuGctxAQ7kNvgFGAzmT&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-lga3-2.xx&_nc_gid=AAVx4MB6ftp8A9I2XX-ISF7&oh=00_AYDdGjlZPDcoXU7xxVTZTjDINhXX6MQVjsWgptBIARrfxg&oe=679F5081", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/Historical.Season/posts/610755960553374?ref=embed_post", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim", "Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240301010739/https://www.icirnigeria.org/old-photo-of-kwankwaso-supporters-resurfaces-online-as-he-visits-gombe-state/", "date": "2022-07-02", "label": "Refuted", "location": "NG", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67d7ee8535531374f6f56806#INPUT#0#0.jpg", "67d7ee8535531374f6f56806#INPUT#0#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "It was taken in August 29, 2018, when Kwankwaso declared his Presidential bid.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240421051436/https://factcheckhub.com/old-photo-of-kwankwaso-supporters-resurfaces-online-as-he-visits-gombe-state/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was this Image taken ?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d7ee8535531374f6f56806#INPUT#1#0.jpg", "67d7ee8535531374f6f56806#INPUT#1#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The image was taken in Abuja on August 29, 2018, during Kwankwaso's presidential bid declaration.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240301010739/https://factcheckhub.com/old-photo-of-kwankwaso-supporters-resurfaces-online-as-he-visits-gombe-state/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where was this Image taken ?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is refuted by proving the photo is in Abuja in 2018 when Kwankwaso desclared his presidential candidacy. The evidence is from a fact-checking article.", "claim_text": "The photo shows the crowd that welcomed Kwankwaso to Gombe State.", "claim_images": ["67d7ee8535531374f6f56806#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67d7ee8535531374f6f56806#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@jameel2024", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://archive.is/k6lyn/da7107b7253b6a156e35498b48b411229d3e98ad.jpg,https://archive.is/k6lyn/da7107b7253b6a156e35498b48b411229d3e98ad.jpg", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.is/k6lyn", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim", "Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240420163839/https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/ronald-reagan-drag/", "date": "2023-03-24", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67d7f35735531374f6f56980#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Pvt. Clarence Jaeger, Corp. Nelson Barclift, and Pvt. Robert Sidney who were members of the United States Army Signal Corps.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240420163839/https://catalog.archives.gov/id/535774", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who are the people in this Photo?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Ronald Reagan served in the Army, but he was not a member of the Signal Corps, as confirmed by the Reagan Presidential Library.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240420163839/https://www.reaganlibrary.gov/reagans/ronald-reagan/military-service-ronald-reagan", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Was Reagan Part of the Army Signal Corps ?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d7f35735531374f6f56980#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Yes, the photograph is real, but it shows soldiers in drag as part of a World War II-era production, not Reagan.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240420163839/https://www.nationalww2museum.org/war/articles/drag-entertainment-world-war-ii", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": " Is the photograph authentic?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "No, Reagan was in the Army Air Force's Motion Picture Unit, not the Signal Corps, and did not perform in drag during this show.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240420163839/https://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/1996/summer/irving-berlin-1", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Was Ronald Reagan involved in this production?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is refuted by QA pairs. Reagan was in the Army Air Force's Motion Picture Unit, not the Signal Corps, and did not perform in drag during this show. QA1 source link didn't show what's written in the answer.", "claim_text": "A World War II-era photograph showed former U.S. President Ronald Reagan in drag.", "claim_images": ["67d7f35735531374f6f56980#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Antifa witch (@loveyolife11)", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230408133903im_/https://archive.is/fvFQJ/6335f50d6269a6695aca7b3d4f27dc475c30745a.jpg", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230408133903/https://archive.is/fvFQJ", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim", "Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Media Source Discovery", "Keyword Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230926034144/https://checkyourfact.com/2023/05/23/fact-check-image-destroyed-patriot-system/", "date": "2023-05-15", "label": "Refuted", "location": "AG", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The account Mykha\u00eflo Golub @golub on X", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230530133845/https://twitter.com/golub/status/1658944304482508801", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What was the source of the information in the claim?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The user claimed it was an \"obvious joke\"", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230530133845/https://twitter.com/golub/status/1658944304482508801", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What did the account @golub on X that made the original claim later say in an update?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d82c6c35531374f6f63c56#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "@PolymarketIntel, an account that shares news & geopolitical insights on Ukraine, captioned teh image \"Russian Pantsir-S1 air defence system was destroyed in the South of #Donetsk Oblast earlier this month by a Ukrainian strike...\"", "source_url": "https://x.com/PolymarketIntel/status/1658491239501799426?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is shown in the 0-th image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is refuted by proving the image shows a Russian air defense system, not a Patriot missile defense system.", "claim_text": "Image shows a destroyed Patriot missile defense system.", "claim_images": ["67d82c6c35531374f6f63c56#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@golub", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230603200355im_/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FwRZUbVXsAAKvW7?format=jpg&name=large", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230603200355/https://twitter.com/golub/status/1658548775697145891", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240117051931/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.339W99B", "date": "2023-02-15", "label": "Refuted", "location": "TR", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67d82d2a35531374f6f651a5#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "November 13, 1999 by state-run Turkish media Anadolu Agency", "source_url": "https://ghostarchive.org/archive/vUpFw", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the 0-th image first published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "A magnitude 7.2 earthquake caused loss of life and property in Duzce. The cry of this elderly man, holding bread that was given as aid for victims of the quake, has made for a great image.", "source_url": "https://ghostarchive.org/archive/vUpFw", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the initial caption of the photo from the Anadolu Agency translate to?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is refuted by proving the image is from 1999 in Turkey, not 2023.", "claim_text": "Image shows an old man crying after Feb 2023 earthquake in Turkey.", "claim_images": ["67d82d2a35531374f6f651a5#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Nyi Nyi Soe", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://ghostarchive.org/archive/replay/w/id-3dc59b4476cb/im_/https://scontent-mia3-2.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/331354623_483447213814969_6088620528668139839_n.jpg?_nc_cat=102&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=8bfeb9&_nc_ohc=3R-qnPgrkHUAX8wHE40&_nc_ht=scontent-mia3-2.xx&oh=00_AfCTEOxhYUpfdzwgjp-Hwfv3zOokbXLzW-UAVCCVcCSf6g&oe=63FA46CD", "original_claim_url": "https://ghostarchive.org/archive/iBmQR", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230612125658/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.33HQ7JH", "date": "2023-05-30", "label": "Refuted", "location": "ET", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "A June 2023 news report stated \"military engagements between armed groups and government forces  within the premises of a local monastery in Debre Elias district of East Gojjam Zone in Amhara Region since last week has resulted in several casualties, according to reports.\"", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230613141143/https://addisstandard.com/news-fighting-at-local-monastery-in-amhara-region-leaves-multiple-casualties-authorities-confirm-military-action/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the attack on a monastery in Ethiopia's Amhara region?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d8324535531374f6f65c7b#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Mandera (Kenya)", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230608080731/https://www.bbc.com/somali/maqal_iyo_muuqaal/2014/12/141202_kenyan_mandera_attack", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where was the 0-th image taken?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d8324535531374f6f65c7b#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Archival picture shows victims of an attack on quarry workers near the Kenyan town of Mandera in December 2017 AFP\n", "source_url": "https://archive.is/AKgJL#selection-1137.0-1158.0", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the 0-th image show?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is refuted by providing a source that shows the image is from 2017 in Kenya, not 2023 in Ethiopia", "claim_text": "Image shows Ethiopians killed by government soldiers at a monastery in Ethiopia's Amhara region.", "claim_images": ["67d8324535531374f6f65c7b#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": " Debrework Times ", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://rejouer.perma.cc/replay-web-page/w/id-bb27a0ae434c/mp_/https://scontent-lga3-2.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/346660049_1396639164459497_4711652912508969524_n.jpg?_nc_cat=107&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=110474&_nc_ohc=Fhn0tpKzBDcAX9DLqBm&_nc_ht=scontent-lga3-2.xx&edm=AN6CN6oEAAAA&oh=00_AfDLKqyJm4Z0w4vVz0BVD3qE5xjEsfRo5vc71FpU1XYICQ&oe=64857670", "original_claim_url": "https://perma.cc/UE32-PST7", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240624234350/https://newschecker.in/fact-check/attack-army-vehicle-in-waziristan/", "date": "2023-02-11", "label": "Refuted", "location": "PK", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67d8372935531374f6f66f4e#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "A report published by Wall Street Journal dated May 27, 2009 under the title \u2018Bomb Blast Rips Through Lahore\u2019 carrying the same image with several other images of the blast.", "source_url": "https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB124342897485858459", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Can the 0-th image be traced back to anything else?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "A news outlet included the same image in an article from Feb. 12 2023 claiming it was a vehicle damaged hen 3 soldiers were killed in a terroist attack in Pakistan's Waziristan.", "source_url": "https://tamil.hindustantimes.com/nation-and-world/pakistan-3-security-personnel-killed-in-north-waziristan-terror-attack-131676178981894.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the suicide attack in North Waziristan, Pakistan the claim refers to?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d8372935531374f6f66f4e#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The image is from the 2009 Lahore blast, not a recent incident in Waziristan.\n\n", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240624234350/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB124342897485858459", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Was the image from a recent attack in Waziristan?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d8372935531374f6f66f4e#INPUT#3#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The image first appeared in reports like the Wall Street Journal and startfor.com in 2009, documenting the Lahore bombing."}], "question": "Where did the original image appear?", "answer_method": "Image Analysis", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is refuted as the image is from the 2009 Lahore blast, not a recent incident in Waziristan in Feb 2023.", "claim_text": "Image shows recent suicide attack in North Waziristan, Pakistan.", "claim_images": ["67d8372935531374f6f66f4e#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@Ra_bies_Origin", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FosD_jmaEAAH1ZH?format=jpg&name=360x360", "original_claim_url": "https://x.com/Ra_bies_Origin/status/1624396484002344961?s=20&t=Px6DpLWtYBezcou5602nEQ", "reporting_source": "X", "claim_types": ["Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230523215135/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2023/03/21/fact-check-false-claim-biden-featured-russian-dementia-facility-ad/11494311002/", "date": "2023-03-11", "label": "Refuted", "location": "RU", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67d83b9535531374f6f67508#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "\"Attention is important for older people, Call now!\n8(495) 728-50-00\" according to the Russian search engine Yandex.\n\n", "source_url": "https://archive.org/details/screenshot-107", "source_medium": "Image/graphic"}], "question": "What does the Russian text on the ad translate to in English?", "answer_method": "Others", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d83b9535531374f6f67508#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "It's an emergency contact number for the American Citizen Services Unit of the U.S. Embassy in Moscow", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230515154500/https://ru.usembassy.gov/u-s-citizen-services/emergency-contact/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the phone number listed in the image ( 8(495) 728-50-00 ) belong to? ", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Text-related", "Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d83b9535531374f6f67508#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "No, the ad promotes emergency contact information for the U.S. Embassy in Moscow."}], "question": "Does the ad promote a dementia care facility?", "answer_method": "Image Analysis", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d83b9535531374f6f67508#INPUT#3#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The number is for the American Citizen Services Unit at the U.S. Embassy in Moscow."}], "question": "What does the phone number on the ad correspond to?", "answer_method": "Image Analysis", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is refuted by the evidence. The image features emergency contact number for the American Citizen Services Unit of the U.S. Embassy in Moscow, not an ad for Russian dementia facility. ", "claim_text": "Image shows Joe Biden in ad for Russian dementia facility", "claim_images": ["67d83b9535531374f6f67508#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@ryanafournier", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.org/details/screenshot-104", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Fact-checker Reference"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241225000634/https://www.boomlive.in/fact-check/entertainment/mukesh-ambani-pathaan-shah-rukh-khan-opening-week-screening-selfie-20855", "date": "2023-01-25", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "January 2023", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230412150000/https://twitter.com/yrf/status/1618994580954685444", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was SRK's film Pathan released?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d8421c35531374f6f687e2#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "the same image was published by a Financial Express article dated December 28, 2015 captioned \"Mukesh Ambani at Reliance Jio 4G launch\"", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241226024847/https://www.financialexpress.com/photos/business-gallery/184656/reliance-jio-4g-launched-mukesh-ambani-speech-highlights-in-5-points/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image shown in the claim originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is refuted by proving the image was taken eight years prior to the release of Pathaan.", "claim_text": "Image shows the Shah Rukh Khan(SRK) and the Ambani family taking selfie after watching SRK's latest release Pathaan.", "claim_images": ["67d8421c35531374f6f687e2#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Surat Congress", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://scontent-man2-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/472720296_567409929525902_2212837036203752737_n.jpg?_nc_cat=104&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=833d8c&_nc_ohc=2BTQcYdioQIQ7kNvgF7f97W&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-man2-1.xx&_nc_gid=Aqu45uogXOe2kSll9Yp7pdU&oh=00_AYBgF0QWeTt76w_Bnw0mFg3YOIxBpuoPeczuIy2DRo-Ehw&oe=6785A51E", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=pfbid02J2MDShtTBqzgXBHs8aoW6YDb42AyU8RqeAJBZGshrXHnTUVE4VjdEoD6PotGNev2l&id=100087707002979", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240723064656/https://www.thequint.com/news/webqoof/rahul-gandhi-bbc-modi-documentary-producer-fact-check", "date": "2023-01-25", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Richard Cookson and Mike Radford", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240626035556/https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p0dkb144#credits", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who are the producers of BBC's documentary on PM Modi?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d847ee35531374f6f6a5da#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Hindustan Times captioned the image (L-R) Rahul Gandhi with Jeremy Corbyn and Sam Pitroda.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240424070548/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/rahul-gandhi-meets-uk-mp-jeremy-corbyn-in-london-bjp-congress-begin-war-of-words-in-india-101653409907483.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who are the people shown in the 0-th image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d847ee35531374f6f6a5da#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "On his official X account he posted the image and stated \"In this photo, the First is @RahulGandhi, and the person in the middle is my friend @jeremycorbyn, with me. Mr. Corbyn is a British Politician (here is a link to his Wikipedia - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremy_Corbyn) and not a \n@BBC executive.\"", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230413113508/https://twitter.com/sampitroda/status/1618293222605979649", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What did Sam Pitroda say about the image that was circulating regarding the documentary?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is refuted by proving the two men with Gandhi are Jeremy Corbyn and Sam Pitroda, not Richard Cookson and Mike Radford, the producers of the PM Modi documentary.", "claim_text": "Image shows Rahul Gandhi Standing With Producer of BBC's Documentary on PM Modi ", "claim_images": ["67d847ee35531374f6f6a5da#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@sure99", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://rejouer.perma.cc/replay-web-page/w/id-5e8fd3017cd3/im_/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FnUYqWOaYAQaZbs?format=jpg&name=small", "original_claim_url": "https://perma.cc/Q83J-N8CF", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240724155921/https://newschecker.in/fact-check/blast-in-peshawar-old-unrelated-images/", "date": "2023-01-30", "label": "Refuted", "location": "PK", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": " January 30, 2023", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241227023955/https://edition.cnn.com/2023/01/31/asia/pakistan-peshawar-mosque-blast-tuesday-intl-hnk/index.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the suicide bomb attack at a mosque in Pakistan's Peshawar the claim refers to?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d8487e35531374f6f6abd8#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The image was shared in an October 8, 2021 article by Reuters titled \"Suicide bomber kills scores in Afghan mosque attack\" with the caption \"A view shows a mosque after a blast, in Kunduz, Afghanistan October 8, 2021\"", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20231013023458/https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/blast-hits-mosque-northeastern-afghanistan-killing-worshippers-2021-10-08/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Can the 0-th image be traced back to anything else?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is refuted by proving the image is from 2021 in Kunduz, not 2023 in Peashawar.", "claim_text": "Image show the aftermath of recent Mosque blast in Peshawar.", "claim_images": ["67d8487e35531374f6f6abd8#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@k_a_m_r_a_n07", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://x.com/k_a_m_r_a_n07/status/1620117216221069313/photo/1", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.ph/VBEHC", "reporting_source": "x", "claim_types": ["Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241225014838/https://www.boomlive.in/fact-check/rahul-gandhi-nathan-anderson-hindenburg-adani-fact-check-21007", "date": "2023-02-09", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67d84a7f35531374f6f74d79#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The Indian National Congress' official Twitter shared the image on August 22, 2018 with the caption \"Congress President \n@RahulGandhi met @NielsAnnen, Minister of State & Member of the Bundestag and discussed Indian & German politics, floods in Kerala, GST & Jobs.\"", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230413102604/https://twitter.com/INCIndia/status/1032217101304389632", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the original source of the image in the claim?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d84a7f35531374f6f74d79#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Rahul Gandhi and Niels Annen.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230221220900/https://twitter.com/NielsAnnen/status/1032232377127522310", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who are the people shown in the image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d84a7f35531374f6f74d79#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.wsj.com/livecoverage/stock-market-news-today-01-30-2023/card/adani-hindenburg-a-look-at-short-seller-nathan-anderson-pqbQtjS1geBhvFB0NROf", "source_medium": "Image/graphic", "boolean_explanation": "A photo of Nathan Anderson on the WSJ compared with the image in the claim shows he is not pictured in the image."}], "question": "Does the image show Nathan Anderson, Founder of Hindenburg Research?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related", "Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is refuted by proving the person with Gandhi is Niels Annen, not Nathan Anderson.", "claim_text": "Image shows Rahul Gandhi With Hindenburg\u2019s Nathan Anderson\n", "claim_images": ["67d84a7f35531374f6f74d79#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@onlyesskay", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://archive.is/otRn6/146db8c6f37381649cdac4953443683c470a46e6.jpg", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.is/otRn6", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241225031016/https://www.boomlive.in/fact-check/mh370-missing-flight-found-fake-unrelated-image-lockheed-martin-tristar-airliner-passengers-21853", "date": "2023-05-01", "label": "Refuted", "location": "MY", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Malaysia Airlines Flight MH370 disappeared with 239 passengers and crew members onboard in March 2014 \u2014 and, despite a huge international search, the plane and its black box have not been found.", "source_url": "https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/03/09/mh370-malaysia-missing-plane-netflix/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Was Malaysian Airlines flight MH370 ever found?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d84ad535531374f6f75087#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "An article by CNN shows similar images and identified the wreckage as the Lockheed Martin L1011 Tristar airplane, which was reportedly sunk in 2019 \"to create an artificial reef to encourage marine life\", and encourage dive tourism.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250116203902/https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/red-sea-underwater-abandoned-plane/index.html", "source_medium": "Image/graphic"}], "question": "Can the airplane wreck in the 0-th image be identified?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d84ad535531374f6f75087#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://www.instagram.com/p/CoHC_qZK7Bn/", "source_medium": "Image/graphic", "boolean_explanation": "Underwater photographer Brett Hoelzer has conducted multiple diving expeditions to photograph the sunken aircraft, and one shows the exact same damage on the nose of the aircraft captioned \"I got this shot at the TriStar this passed week while diving with @deepbluedivecenter.\""}], "question": "Do images of the Tristar wreck show the same airplane as in the 0-th imag?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is refuted by proving that the plane in the image was intentionally sunk to create an artificial reef, and is not MH370.", "claim_text": "Image shows the wreckage of MH370 plane crash submerged in the ocean.", "claim_images": ["67d84ad535531374f6f75087#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@RoyIsThaTruth", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230503121700im_/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FvIzUCBWAAIUCbO?format=jpg&name=small", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230503121700/https://twitter.com/RoyIsThaTruth/status/1653440448852000774", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240724181730/https://www.boomlive.in/fact-check/viral-photo-kerala-muslim-youths-isis-old-photo-tamil-nadu-social-media-21885", "date": "2023-05-06", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67d84bb135531374f6f756a3#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "in Ramanathapuram in Tamil Nadu", "source_url": "https://www.ndtv.com/south/two-arrested-in-tamil-nadu-over-group-photo-in-isis-t-shirts-612307", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where was the 0-th image taken?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d84bb135531374f6f756a3#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "A November 16, 2021 article captioned the image \"A group of Muslim youth sporting black T-shirts with \u201cISIS\u201d mark at the coastal town of Thondi in Ramanathapuram district on Ramzan day. Photo: S. Mohamed Rafi\"", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241006010309/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/Imam-arrested-for-supplying-T-shirts-with-ISIS-slogan/article60343977.ece", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is shown in the 0-th image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d84bb135531374f6f756a3#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "\"update- this is a pic from TN, not Kerala...\"", "source_url": "https://x.com/ShefVaidya/status/1655229727437910017", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What did the user @ShefVaidya on Twitter say in an update regarding the image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Text-related", "Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is refuted by providing a link that shows the original image is from 2014 in Tamil Nadu, not 2023 in Kerala.", "claim_text": "Image Shows Muslims In Kerala Wearing ISIS T-Shirts recently.", "claim_images": ["67d84bb135531374f6f756a3#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@ShefVaidya", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230508042046im_/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/Fvhzb7NaQAAzvCZ?format=jpg&name=900x900", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230508042046/https://twitter.com/ShefVaidya/status/1655199791914287104", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search", "Fact-checker Reference"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240712130353/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2023/02/06/fact-check-false-claim-graph-shows-earth-colder-than-1-000-years-ago/11120906002/", "date": "2023-01-14", "label": "Refuted", "location": "", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67d84bff35531374f6f75e7c#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "boolean_explanation": "The range on the graph is from -7643 t0 1885. No data is displayed after 1885, so the graph is not modern or current."}], "question": "Does the date range shown on the graph in the 0-th image show modern global temperature?", "answer_method": "Image Analysis", "question_type": ["Image-related", "Commonsense-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d84bff35531374f6f75e7c#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "R.B. Alley 2004"}], "question": "What does the graph cite as the data source?", "answer_method": "Image Analysis", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240712130354/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/greenland/summit/gisp2/isotopes/gisp2_temp_accum_alley2000.txt", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The dataset shows \"Temperature interpretation based on stable isotope analysis, and ice accumulation data, from the GISP2 ice core, central Greenland.\" Therefore the graph is based on data from a single location in Greenland."}], "question": "Does the information is given in the R.B. Alley 2004 dataset represent the entire planet?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "According to NASA.gov, the 10 most recent years are the warmest years on record.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240712194740/https://climate.nasa.gov/vital-signs/global-temperature/?intent=121", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What did recent studies from NASA conclude about global temperatures?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is refuted by proving that the hottest years on record are the most recent ten years, which are not on the graph.", "claim_text": "Climate history graph shows recent global temperatures at lower end of the historical range", "claim_images": ["67d84bff35531374f6f75e7c#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@ClimateThere", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://archive.ph/gKfao/bb1cc2dbe0e582c40968beda1270b2b676887c43.jpg", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.ph/gKfao", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240303023028/https://checkyourfact.com/2023/02/01/fact-check-georgia-schools-cardiac-arrest-awareness/", "date": "2023-01-27", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The first year of the COVID-19 pandemic saw a steep rise in cardiovascular disease deaths in the U.S., with especially high mortality rates for Asian, Black and Hispanic people, according to a new statistical report from the American Heart Association.\n\nCardiovascular disease-related deaths jumped from 874,613 in 2019 to 928,741 in 2020", "source_url": "https://www.heart.org/en/news/2023/01/25/cardiovascular-deaths-saw-steep-rise-in-us-during-first-year-of-the-covid-19-pandemic", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What recent increase in sudden cardiac events does the claim refer to?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d84e3035531374f6f767ac#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The form dates back to at least 5/19. (May 2019)", "source_url": "https://content.schoolinsites.com/api/documents/960e7837ab5e4ea998ec98aacd53d8e4.pdf", "source_medium": "PDF"}], "question": "What is the source of the form shown in the claim (0-th image)?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "SB 60, Jeremy Nelson and Nick Blakely Sudden Cardiac Arrest Prevention Act: In accordance with\nGeorgia law:\n (1) Each school must distribute to every athlete and his/her parent/guardian an information sheet that\nincludes: the Early Warning Signs, How to Recognize Sudden Cardiac Arrest, and Learn HandsOnly CPR outlined in this by-law. This sheet must be signed by the parent/guardian of each athlete,\neach athlete and a copy kept on file at the school.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230211120850/https://www.ghsa.net/sites/default/files/documents/Constitution/GHSA_CBL_2019-2020.pdf", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What bylaw is the Cardiac Awareness form related to?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is refuted by proving that the form was instituted as a result of the sudden deaths of athletes Jeremy Nelson and Nick Blakely in 2019, not recently due to Covid.", "claim_text": "Image shows a Georgia school\u2019s cardiac arrest awareness form that was developed due to the recent increase in sudden cardiac events", "claim_images": ["67d84e3035531374f6f767ac#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Alyse Cinco", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://scontent-man2-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/327711458_1793589711075232_1399209817297845530_n.jpg?stp=dst-jpg_p526x296_tt6&_nc_cat=108&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=833d8c&_nc_ohc=VEgS-oEzVL8Q7kNvgFXmSJx&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-man2-1.xx&_nc_gid=AXjqjETP6wQGPI2ZG8qlfoT&oh=00_AYD4vnrgWbYI5mF9p1A1KVsc2BUFPxwEDiRych3oSpZ7RQ&oe=6789D59D", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/alyse.cinco/posts/pfbid02hGmVEkX5HS23WCi5w9uqKu8Xty6dH4QGVTKLtEq7QKX5yKApyewDnFwiBJbQL69Vl", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230602121142/https://checkyourfact.com/2023/03/09/fact-check-punishment-russian-supporters-ukraine/", "date": "2023-02-18", "label": "Refuted", "location": "UA", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67d8506a35531374f6f77222#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Czech Republic news outlet Roma.cz shared the image and stated in the article \"the people are allegedly members of a group of pickpockets, and during recent looting in Lviv they were apprehended by vigilantes and treated in this unacceptable way. Russian propaganda is now claiming these photographs confirm that neo-Nazis are active in Ukraine.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230508165136/https://romea.cz/en/world/russia-distorting-photos-for-propaganda-purposes-roma-nonprofits-alert-ukrainian-authorities", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Can the image in the claim (0-th image) be linked to any news articles?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d8506a35531374f6f77222#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "Journalist Brecht Castel reported that these images were not government skeptics but rather of Roma Pickpockets.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220822124622/https://twitter.com/brechtcastel/status/1509548549658320900", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What did journalist Brecht Castel say about the image used in the claim?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is refuted by proving that the image shows a Roma who was caught stealing.", "claim_text": "Image shows the punishment of Russian supporters in Ukraine.", "claim_images": ["67d8506a35531374f6f77222#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@AlternatNews", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FpO74JwWIAEUOMp?format=jpg&name=small", "original_claim_url": "https://x.com/AlternatNews/status/1626850471322189825", "reporting_source": "x", "claim_types": ["Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241227004131/https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2023/04/fact-check-photos-of-passport-do-not-prove-president-obama-was-born-in-kenya-it-was-his-fathers-passport.html", "date": "2023-04-12", "label": "Refuted", "location": "KE", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67da916135531374f603465b#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": " Barack Hussein Obama Snr (Obama's Father)", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241227004131/https://apnews.com/article/fact-check-malik-obama-passport-671105190121#:~:text=%E2%80%9CIt%E2%80%99s%20my%20father%E2%80%99s%20old%20passport%2C%E2%80%9D%20he%20wrote.", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Whose photograph is displayed in the British passport?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67da916135531374f603465b#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "His birthplace is Honolulu, Hawaii, USA. ", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241227004131/https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/rss_viewer/birth-certificate-long-form.pdf", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where was Barack Obama born?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67da916135531374f603465b#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Barack Obama was born on August 4, 1961. "}], "question": "What is Barack Obama's date of birth?", "answer_method": "Image Analysis", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67da916135531374f603465b#INPUT#3#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": " April 29, 1959", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241227004149/https://x.com/realstewpeters/status/1646205907456475169", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "On what date was the British passport issued?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is refuted by proving the documents dated 1959 are Senior's, not Barack Obama's. Also, providing Barack Obama's birth certificate proves his birth year of 1961.", "claim_text": "Malik Obama is dropping docs proving Barack Obama was born in Nairobi, Kenya", "claim_images": ["67da916135531374f603465b#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67da916135531374f603465b#CLAIM#1.jpg", "67da916135531374f603465b#CLAIM#2.jpg", "67da916135531374f603465b#CLAIM#3.jpg", "67da916135531374f603465b#CLAIM#4.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Stew Peters", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://twitter.com/realstewpeters/status/1646205907456475169", "original_claim_url": "https://twitter.com/realstewpeters/status/1646205907456475169", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim", "Media Publishing Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Numerical Comparison", "Media Source Discovery", "Image Analysis", "Fact-checker Reference"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230529213007/https://checkyourfact.com/2023/02/24/fact-check-image-trudeau-underage-girl/", "date": "2023-02-19", "label": "Refuted", "location": "CA", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/answer-sheet/wp/2015/10/20/canadas-new-leader-justin-trudeau-was-a-schoolteacher/", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Justin Trudeau was a school teacher from 1998 to 2001 at West Point Grey Academy and Prince of Wales Secondary School."}], "question": "Was Justin Trudeau a school teacher?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://x.com/glen_mcgregor/status/1180216128200683525", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The Headmaster of West Point Grey Academy, Clive Austin, reports that Justin Trudeau was not dismissed; rather, he informed Austin of his intent to return to Montreal and his university studies in 2001."}], "question": "Was Justin Trudeau dismissed from his school teaching job?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["679a29f9e2f02e5f498dcb71#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The image shows Justin Trudeau and his wife, Sophie Gregoire Trudeau, in a photo taken in 2003.", "source_url": "https://www.instagram.com/p/CFPqOjnFepz/?igshid=YmMyMTA2M2Y%3D", "source_medium": "Image/graphic"}], "question": "What are the identities of the persons in the image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "Justin Trudeau stopped teaching in 2001, and the headmaster confirmed he voluntarily left. The woman he is pictured with is his wife, and the photo was not taken until 2003.", "claim_text": "Trudeau is pictured with an underage student. Their affair led to him losing his student teaching license in 2002.", "claim_images": ["679a29f9e2f02e5f498dcb71#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Christine K", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://x.com/KrystynaKlepin1/status/1627146888569884672", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240624073007/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.33BF634", "date": "2023-03-15", "label": "Refuted", "location": "PK", "questions": [{"input_images": ["679a2b6de2f02e5f498dcd30#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "November 16, 2020", "source_url": "https://archive.fo/JhJzl", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["679a2b6de2f02e5f498dcd30#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://archive.fo/JhJzl", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Islamabad, Pakistan. 16th Nov, 2020. Activists of Tehreek e Labik Pakistan (TLP) are holding protest demonstration against publication of blasphemous sketches of Prophet Mohammed in France. Protesters who had gathered on the call of TLP chief Allama Khadim Hussain Rizvi to denounce the publication of blasphemous caricatures in Charlie Hebdo magazine and remarks about Islam and terrorism by French President Emmanuel Macron sit-in held at Faizabad Interchange over blasphemous caricatures. (Photo by Zubair Abbasi/Pacific Press) Credit: Pacific Press Media Production Corp./Alamy Live News"}], "question": "Is the image that was published on November 16, 2020 captioned?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The picture was taken in 2020, so the canisters could  not have been used by Pakistani police in 2023.", "claim_text": "Photo shows a pile of empty tear gas canisters after Pakistani police used them against supporters of former prime minister Imran Khan when they came to arrest him at his Lahore home on March 14 2023.", "claim_images": ["679a2b6de2f02e5f498dcd30#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Zartaj Gul Fanz", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.fo/rjIIA", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search", "Image Analysis", "Video Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230401174659/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.33BA8E7", "date": "2023-03-09", "label": "Refuted", "location": "PK", "questions": [{"input_images": ["679a2e58e2f02e5f498dcef7#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "August 6, 2006", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230316091149/https://archive.is/4TIsx", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["679a2e58e2f02e5f498dcef7#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230316091149/https://archive.is/4TIsx", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Naked volunteers pose for US photographer Spencer Tunick, creating a three-dimensional body sculpture, at the 'museum kunst palast' in Duesseldorf August 6, 2006.\n"}], "question": "Does the image published on August 6, 2006 have a caption?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The image was not taken until 2006, and it shows volunteers posing for a photographer in Duesseldorf, so it could not have been taken in 1971 and does not show captured Pakistani army officers.", "claim_text": "An image shows 93,000 captured Pakistani army officers in 1971", "claim_images": ["679a2e58e2f02e5f498dcef7#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Sagufta", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.is/nQ2cA", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Consultation", "Reverse Image Search", "Keyword Search", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230509145412/https://cambodia.factcrescendo.com/english/an-old-photo-shows-lao-new-year-festival-nothing-related-to-cambodia/", "date": "2023-03-24", "label": "Refuted", "location": "KH", "questions": [{"input_images": ["679a3871e2f02e5f498dd479#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "April 23, 2021 on the History of Laos Facebook page", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=3758064117644414&set=a.789194621198060", "source_medium": "Image/graphic"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["679a3871e2f02e5f498dd479#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=3758064117644414&set=a.789194621198060", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The image caption reads: 1971. Lao New Year, Vientiane, Kingdom of Laos year 1971. CR: Gonzalo Cancino"}], "question": "Is the image dated April 23, 2021 on the History of Laos Facebook page captioned?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The image shows Lao New Year activities in 1971, it shows Laotians not Cambodians.", "claim_text": "Photo shows Cambodians throwing water during New Year Festival in the past years.", "claim_images": ["679a3871e2f02e5f498dd479#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "\u1793\u179a\u17c8 \u17a7\u179a\u1784\u17d2\u1782\u17c8 Nakrak Urunga", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.ph/izb3W", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230529092117/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.33BX9A9", "date": "2023-03-16", "label": "Refuted", "location": "AF", "questions": [{"input_images": ["679a3e01e2f02e5f498dea87#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "October 13, 2022 on an Australian-based website called Green Left", "source_url": "https://archive.fo/cuVkn", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["679a3e01e2f02e5f498dea87#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://archive.fo/cuVkn", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The caption reads: A member of the Taliban security forces threatens a protester in Kabul."}], "question": "Is the image published on Green Left on October 13, 2022 captioned?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["679a3e01e2f02e5f498dea87#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://archive.fo/ZEuEB", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "An AFP photo caption dated September 30, 2021 identifies Taliban fighters with similar uniforms and patches in Kabul."}], "question": "Does the uniform of the soldier in the Green Left photo match the uniforms of Taliban soldiers?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The image was first published in 2022, a year before the claim says the image was taken. The man in the image appears to be a member of the Taliban, not a Pakistani soldier, based on his uniform.", "claim_text": "A photo shows a Pakistani soldier beating a woman with his rifle during clashes with Imran Khan supporters in Lahore in March, 2023.", "claim_images": ["679a3e01e2f02e5f498dea87#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Amjad Khan Niazi", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.fo/vNkN8", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Reverse Image Search", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230523111640/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.33C78QL", "date": "2022-12-09", "label": "Refuted", "location": "PK", "questions": [{"input_images": ["679a4289e2f02e5f498decf5#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "April 15, 2019 on Instagram", "source_url": "https://archive.ph/tWqpk", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["679a4289e2f02e5f498decf5#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://archive.ph/tWqpk", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The caption reads: \"Yokohama Night View / Celebrity Millennium.\" Yokohama is a port in Japan and the ship's name, Celebrity Millennium, is partially visible in the photo."}], "question": "Is the image published on April 15, 2019 on Instagram captioned?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The Celebrity Millennium, operated by Celebrity Cruises, was built in France by Chantiers de l'Atlantique.", "source_url": "https://archive.is/6upwm", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where was the Celebrity Millennium built?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://archive.fo/uk2jw/image", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "A quarterly magazine titled Cruise Industry News reported: Royal Caribbean International has signed letters of intent with three shipyards to build up to seven new ships. Four of the orders are firm and three are options, subject to confirmation in the future.\n\nThe first two ships are Millennium-class ships for Celebrity Cruises which will be built by Chantiers de l\u2019Atlantique. Slated for delivery in June 2000 and January 2001, these ships, which are described as a progression of Celebrity\u2019s Century-class, will be about 85,000 tons and have a passenger capacity of approximately 1,900."}], "question": "Does other news coverage identify the builder of the ship?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The ship pictured is the Celebrity Millennium, which was built in France by Chantiers de l'Atlantique.", "claim_text": "A photo shows a cruise ship which was built in Bangladesh.", "claim_images": ["679a4289e2f02e5f498decf5#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Waqar Khan Buneri", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.fo/z8wL6", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Reverse Image Search", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230603173140/https://newsmobile.in/articles/2023/02/27/fact-check-trump-didnt-donate-trump-ice-water-bottles-to-ohios-east-palestine-citizens-viral-post-is-misleading/", "date": "2023-02-23", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["679a4774e2f02e5f498df2c5#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "October 6, 2015 on CNN", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221018160051/https://edition.cnn.com/2015/10/05/politics/donald-trump-marco-rubio-care-package/index.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["679a4774e2f02e5f498df2c5#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "Donald Trump had sent bottles of Trump Ice Natural Spring Water to Marco Rubio as a prank because Rubio had conspicuously gulped a bottle of water on air during his 2013 Republican State of the Union response.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221018160051/https://edition.cnn.com/2015/10/05/politics/donald-trump-marco-rubio-care-package/index.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What was the context of the image published by CNN on October 6, 2015?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["679a4774e2f02e5f498df2c5#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://spectrumlocalnews.com/news/2015/10/6/trump-sent-care-package-as-prank-to-rubio", "source_medium": "Image/graphic", "boolean_explanation": "The bottles sent to Rubio contained clear water, indicating that the image was edited to show yellow liquid."}], "question": "Were the bottles sent to Rubio by Trump identical to the image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230508074748/https://www.businessinsider.com/donald-trump-donates-trump-branded-water-to-east-palestine-2023-2?r=US&IR=T", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Trump donated \"Trump Spring Water\" bottles, not \"Trump Ice,\" during his visit to East Palestine in February 2023."}], "question": " Did Donald Trump donate \"Trump Ice\" water bottles to East Palestine, Ohio?  ", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is refuted by QA pairs. The image was originally published in 2015 on CNN. Donald Trump had sent bottles of Trump Ice Natural Spring Water to Marco Rubio as a prank because Rubio had conspicuously gulped a bottle of water on air during his 2013 Republican State of the Union response. Trump donated \"Trump Spring Water\" bottles, not \"Trump Ice,\" during his visit to East Palestine in February 2023. ", "claim_text": "Donald Trump sent bottles of Trump Ice to East Palestine, Ohio after a toxic train derailment there", "claim_images": ["679a4774e2f02e5f498df2c5#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Glen Jackson", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=10160705349457790&set=gm.3347886555541757&idorvanity=1728889550774807", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241221034058/https://srilanka.factcrescendo.com/english/the-viral-picture-on-social-media-of-a-tiny-bird-is-not-the-worlds-smallest-bird/", "date": "2023-01-04", "label": "Refuted", "location": "LK", "questions": [{"input_images": ["679a4df7e2f02e5f498df831#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The image was published on a Facebook page by Malinik Miniatures.", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/MalinikMiniatureAnimals", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where was the image first published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["679a4df7e2f02e5f498df831#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/MalinikMiniatureAnimals/photos/pb.100057293601617.-2207520000/4299539973430921/?type=3", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The image caption describes the bird as a Robin. "}], "question": "Does the image depict a Bee Hummingbird?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["679a4df7e2f02e5f498df831#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/MalinikMiniatureAnimals", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Malinik Miniatures is a company that makes replica figurines of realistic birds and animals in a 1:12 scale."}], "question": "Is the bird in the image the actual size of the real bird?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The original source of the iamge is Malinik Miniatures, a company that makes replica figurines of realistic birds and animals in a 1:12 scale. The image shows a miniature figurine of a robin, not a real bird.", "claim_text": "The picture shows a Bee hummingbird which is the worlds smallest bird.", "claim_images": ["679a4df7e2f02e5f498df831#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Thilanka Jayaranga", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/groups/1124385101390331/permalink/1502790823549755/?__xts__[0]=68.ARBm5KhEVivJDz3v-p2sEYsF_beCA2Rcc0vf47VAi6o0GeQzCFzhJsK2fakAEZZhTKbONPpGticoDAma9d0GXsXgSPjhxvABDDVEhSlaC1_yGj_nv50rFfSwBXs8BazjZ1sqEZBW9-mMHR69jivv0QtFWdgOKEaxkz_AwhtxVtwKU6ZimmXFQyAoC67L-55LpM4LPWOnc6m_jkfbK7Eucy8o7NeYtnAcOInLK-v4lZ5kK_SguX8-_SXRLKPNJHY9eDjLhqDvKY-KoGgd_Nyg2SGY-I7_hIn7UO8v", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240909142442/https://www.thequint.com/news/webqoof/old-image-viral-as-ambanis-watching-pathaan-with-shah-rukh-khan-fact-check", "date": "2023-01-25", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["679a65fbe2f02e5f498e2db1#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "December 28, 2015 in the Financial Express", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230319052744/https://www.financialexpress.com/photos/business-gallery/184656/reliance-jio-4g-launched-mukesh-ambani-speech-highlights-in-5-points/2/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["679a65fbe2f02e5f498e2db1#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The telecom arm of Reliance Industries, Reliance Jio, announced the launch of 4G service for its employees under the Jio brand name. Khan and the Ambanis attended.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230319052744/https://www.financialexpress.com/photos/business-gallery/184656/reliance-jio-4g-launched-mukesh-ambani-speech-highlights-in-5-points/2/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the context of the image published in the Financial Express on December 28, 2015?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "January 25, 2023", "source_url": "https://inshorts.com/en/news/pathaan-time-starts-now-srk-shares-release-date-of-his-film-pathaan-1646216450493", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the movie Pathaan released?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The image was published in 2015, 8 years before the movie Pathaan was released. It was not taken at a film release event, but at the launch event for a 4g service.", "claim_text": "The Ambani family can be seen watching the movie Pathaan with actor Shah Rukh Khan", "claim_images": ["679a65fbe2f02e5f498e2db1#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "khurram siddiqui", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.is/1Xyph", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search", "Keyword Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230117123400/https://misbar.com/en/factcheck/2023/01/16/two-outdated-photos-circulated-in-relation-to-the-recent-nepal-plane-crash", "date": "2023-01-15", "label": "Refuted", "location": "NP", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a126dde2f02e5f4994ddd1#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "September 28, 2012 in connection with an air crash in Nepal", "source_url": "https://www.reuters.com/news/picture/nepal-air-crash-idINRTR38IS7/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a126dde2f02e5f4994ddd1#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "April 14, 2019 in connection with an air crash between a passenger plane and two parked helicopters at Lukla airport in Nepal.", "source_url": "https://www.aerotelegraph.com/drei-tote-nach-unfall-einer-let-l-410-in-lukla", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "Both images, [CLAIM_IMG_0] and [CLAIM-IMG-1], show separate plane crash events that took place in Nepal, in 2012 and 2019 respectively. They do not show a the aftermath of a crash that happened in 2023 because they were both taken years before 2023, were taken 7 years apart, and do not show the same event.", "claim_text": "Images show the aftermath of a January, 2023 plane crash in Nepal", "claim_images": ["67a126dde2f02e5f4994ddd1#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67a126dde2f02e5f4994ddd1#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@surabhi_tiwari_", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://twitter.com/surabhi_tiwari_/status/1614518237445906434", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230114174531/https://www.12newsnow.com/article/news/verify/world-verify/photo-of-q-shaman-brazil-not-from-january-bolsonaro-protests-fact-check/536-5d427936-c62f-4e4d-a633-24f105b38427", "date": "2023-01-08", "label": "Refuted", "location": "BR", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a1285be2f02e5f4994e410#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "September 7, 2021 by photographer Guilherme Gandolfi", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230113203539/https://www.diariodocentrodomundo.com.br/bolsonarista-fantasia-viking-capitolio/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a1285be2f02e5f4994e410#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "President Jair Bolsonaro rallied his base on Sept. 7, 2021, Brazil\u2019s Independence Day, with large crowds of his supporters in Sao Paulo", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230114133150/https://theworld.org/stories/2021-09-08/bolsonaro-pulls-out-all-stops-rally-base-brazil-s-independence-day", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What were the circumstances surrounding in the publication of Gandolfi's photo?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a1285be2f02e5f4994e410#INPUT#2#0.jpg", "67a1285be2f02e5f4994e410#INPUT#2#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": " The photo was taken during a September 2021 protest in Brazil, not in 2023.\n", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230114174531/https://theworld.org/stories/2021-09-08/bolsonaro-pulls-out-all-stops-rally-base-brazil-s-independence-day", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Was the photo of the 'Q shaman' taken during the January 2023 protests in Brazil?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a1285be2f02e5f4994e410#INPUT#3#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The term refers to Jacob Chansley, a participant in the January 6, 2021 U.S. Capitol insurrection, who wore a similar headdress."}], "question": "Who is the 'Q shaman' associated with?", "answer_method": "Image Analysis", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The image is from 2021  Brazil\u2019s Independence Day in Sao Paolo and not from January 2023 protest in Brazilia.", "claim_text": "A photo shows a Brazilian Bolsanaro supporter dressed as a Q shaman at a protest in Brasilia in January, 2023", "claim_images": ["67a1285be2f02e5f4994e410#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67a1285be2f02e5f4994e410#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@hodgetwins", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://twitter.com/hodgetwins/status/1612218060638658560?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230322183613/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.338B4H2", "date": "2023-01-29", "label": "Refuted", "location": "NG", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a132c9e2f02e5f4994eff3#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "January 14, 2009 by News Channel 10 KFDA in connection with the crash of an Army helicopter in Amarillo, Texas", "source_url": "https://archive.ph/NGsGR", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a132c9e2f02e5f4994eff3#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "December 2, 2008 to iStock, a stock image website", "source_url": "https://archive.ph/4hKsF", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The images are not from 2023, they are both over 10 years old and show a crash in Texas and a stock image, so the claim is refuted.", "claim_text": "A 2023 photo shows a Nigerian army chopper being shot down by separatists in southeastern Nigeria", "claim_images": ["67a132c9e2f02e5f4994eff3#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67a132c9e2f02e5f4994eff3#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@rozjohnson122", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.ph/kMxqF", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230604014610/https://cambodia.factcrescendo.com/english/an-old-image-of-2020s-earthquake-falsely-linked-to-the-recent-earthquake-in-turkey/", "date": "2023-02-06", "label": "Refuted", "location": "TR", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a134c0e2f02e5f4994f328#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "January 25, 2020 by CBS News", "source_url": "https://archive.vn/XMpU8", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a134c0e2f02e5f4994f328#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "A strong earthquake that rocked eastern Turkey.", "source_url": "https://archive.vn/XMpU8", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What were the circumstances of the photo published on January 25, 2020 by CBS News?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The earthquake in Turkey the claim refers to took place in 2023. [CLAIM_IMG-0] shows the aftermath of a different earthquake in Turkey from 2020, so the claim is refuted.", "claim_text": "Photo shows the aftermath of an earthquake in Turkey in early 2023", "claim_images": ["67a134c0e2f02e5f4994f328#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67a134c0e2f02e5f4994f328#CLAIM#1.jpg", "67a134c0e2f02e5f4994f328#CLAIM#2.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "\u00dclvy \u0160han", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/nurul.yakiin.3/posts/pfbid02tNtnofyw3Qssu5DsZP5PQQWy63LMXBietxGWsVEyr4oZABCfA1V3516xQwnRdsQzl", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230329180133/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.33BQ7JJ", "date": "2023-03-06", "label": "Refuted", "location": "CG", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a13a55e2f02e5f4994fa69#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "March 4, 2023 in a video of a press conference between Macron and Tshisekedi in Kinshasa. The image is at the 48:21 mark of the video.", "source_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f_AaNfPLI0I&t=2902s", "source_medium": "Video"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a13a55e2f02e5f4994fa69#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "A journalist had just raised the subjects of Tshisekedi's controversial 2019 win and election integrity in the upcoming vote. The journalist mentioned that a former French foreign minister had challenged the 2019 election as \"an African-style compromise.\" Tshisekedi made a comparison to American and French-style compromises, to which Macron responded that the journalist's question was not France's position."}], "question": "What were the circumstances of the tense exchange between Macron and Tshisekedi at the 48:21 mark of the video?", "answer_method": "Image Analysis", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a13a55e2f02e5f4994fa69#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The two leaders smile at one another and at 49:09 in the video the leaders shake hands."}], "question": "What occurs in the video after the tense exchange?", "answer_method": "Image Analysis", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a13a55e2f02e5f4994fa69#INPUT#3#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "boolean_explanation": "Macron did not speak those words during the video."}], "question": "At any point in the video, does Macron say that Africa should be handed over to France?", "answer_method": "Image Analysis", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "During a press conference between Macron and Tshisekedi in Kinshasa, there was a tense exchange between the two and a journalist. After, they smiled and shook hands. Macron never stated that Africa should be handed over to France, and therefore the claim is refuted.", "claim_text": "An image shows Democratic Republic of Congo President Felix Tshisekedi arguing with French President Emmanuel Macron after Macron said Africa should be handed over to France", "claim_images": ["67a13a55e2f02e5f4994fa69#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67a13a55e2f02e5f4994fa69#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230328020736/https://perma.cc/HD8D-YE4G", "reporting_source": "Sohu.com", "claim_types": ["Quote Verification"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search", "Keyword Search", "Video Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230528220425/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.33DL2XB", "date": "2023-04-08", "label": "Refuted", "location": "SY", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a13ca7e2f02e5f4994fdae#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "September 5, 2010 by AFP", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/QZ5A-T9ZK", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a13ca7e2f02e5f4994fdae#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Fire rages on three fuel tankers and eleven cars at Ibafo Town on Lagos Ibadan highway on September 5, 2010. More than a dozen vehicles including two mini buses burnt as three tankers loaded with petrol exploded following a collision with a car 33 kilometres from Lagos metropolis.", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/QZ5A-T9ZK", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What were the circumstances of the image published by AFP on September 5, 2010?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a13ca7e2f02e5f4994fdae#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "July 6, 2016 by Reuters", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/38FG-8X4L", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a13ca7e2f02e5f4994fdae#INPUT#3#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "A British soldier prepares to jump from a burning tank set ablaze after a shooting incident in the southern Iraqi city of Basra, September 2005.", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/38FG-8X4L", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What are the circumstances of the image published by Reuters on July 6, 2016?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "[CLAIM_IMG_0] shows an incident in the southern Iraqi city of Basra in September 2005, and [CLAIM_IMG_0] shows the aftermath of a car crash in Lagos in September 5, 2010. Both images in the claim were taken prior to 2023 and do not show US military vehicles being attacked by Iranian drones in Syria. Therefore, the claim is refuted.", "claim_text": "Photos show US military vehicles attacked by Iranian drones in Syria on April 8, 2023.", "claim_images": ["67a13ca7e2f02e5f4994fdae#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67a13ca7e2f02e5f4994fdae#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "A piece of paper", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.ph/wmiDg", "reporting_source": "Weibo", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search", "Keyword Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230523112548/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.33CK3DH", "date": "2023-04-01", "label": "Refuted", "location": "TH", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a13fa6e2f02e5f499506ea#INPUT#0#0.jpg", "67a13fa6e2f02e5f499506ea#INPUT#0#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "On March 30, 2021 in a YouTube video by the Thai media outlet TNN Online. The images are at the 1:56 mark.", "source_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MwE90WyDbmc", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When were the images originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a13fa6e2f02e5f499506ea#INPUT#1#0.jpg", "67a13fa6e2f02e5f499506ea#INPUT#1#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "March 29, 2021 by Khaosod Online", "source_url": "https://archive.is/FQ3L2", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When were the images originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "Some of the images used in the claim were published online in 2021, 2 years before the fire in Chiang Mai, so the claim is refuted.", "claim_text": "Photos show an April, 2023 blaze in northern Thailand's Chiang Mai province", "claim_images": ["67a13fa6e2f02e5f499506ea#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67a13fa6e2f02e5f499506ea#CLAIM#1.jpg", "67a13fa6e2f02e5f499506ea#CLAIM#2.jpg", "67a13fa6e2f02e5f499506ea#CLAIM#3.jpg", "67a13fa6e2f02e5f499506ea#CLAIM#4.jpg", "67a13fa6e2f02e5f499506ea#CLAIM#5.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Pannee Wongwichit", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.ph/rJ7la", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search", "Keyword Search", "Video Analysis", "Geolocation"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241117203143/https://www.thequint.com/news/webqoof/aurora-borealis-northern-lights-ladakh-fact-check", "date": "2023-05-05", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a14229e2f02e5f49950d34#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "On March 22, 2018 in Norway", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230519200613/https://www.alamy.com/aurora-borealis-northern-lights-over-mountain-with-one-person-at-skagsanden-beach-lofoten-islands-norway-image256783746.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a14229e2f02e5f49950d34#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "January 31, 2015 in Norway", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230519202200/https://www.alamy.com/northern-lights-lofoten-nordland-norway-image235070677.html?irclickid=z-eWwcQZbxyNUIOUIlUgqzZMUkAV7lSzWU5SxA0&utm_source=77643&utm_campaign=Shop%20Royalty%20Free%20at%20Alamy&utm_medium=impact&irgwc=1", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a14229e2f02e5f49950d34#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "March 7, 2017 in Norway", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230519201616/https://www.alamy.com/the-northern-lights-aurora-borealis-over-indre-karvik-tromso-by-a-fjord-image214316497.html?irclickid=z-eWwcQZbxyNUIOUIlUgqzZMUkAV7n1KWU5SxA0&utm_source=77643&utm_campaign=Shop%20Royalty%20Free%20at%20Alamy&utm_medium=impact&irgwc=1", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a14229e2f02e5f49950d34#INPUT#3#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "March 21, 2016 in Iceland", "source_url": "https://www.gettyimages.in/detail/photo/panoramic-view-of-kirkjufell-mountain-with-aurora-royalty-free-image/506107150?adppopup=true", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "None of the images in the claim were taken in 2023 or in India. They do all show different photos of the Aurora Borealis, but taken years earlier and in locations such as Norway and Iceland, so the claim is refuted.", "claim_text": "Images show the Aurora Borealis in Ladakh, India in May, 2023", "claim_images": ["67a14229e2f02e5f49950d34#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67a14229e2f02e5f49950d34#CLAIM#1.jpg", "67a14229e2f02e5f49950d34#CLAIM#2.jpg", "67a14229e2f02e5f49950d34#CLAIM#3.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@hvgoenka", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.is/SKl6T", "reporting_source": "X", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230204024709/https://www.factrakers.org/post/tweet-claiming-catholic-groups-rallied-against-ust-dance-troupe-is-satire", "date": "2022-12-10", "label": "Refuted", "location": "PH", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a147fde2f02e5f49953318#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "May 21, 2012 by Reuters", "source_url": "https://www.reuters.com/news/picture/lady-gaga-protest-idUSRTR32FFN/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a147fde2f02e5f49953318#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The image of protesters he used was originally taken by Romeo Ranoco in May 2012 for Reuters during musician Lady Gaga\u2019s concert in Manila, Philippines, where Catholic groups staged protests against her concert.\n\n", "source_url": "https://www.reuters.com/news/picture/lady-gaga-protest-idUSRTR32FFN/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What were the circumstances of the image published by Reuters on May 21, 2012?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The image [CLAIM_IMG_0] shows Catholic groups protesting against musician Lady Gaga\u2019s concert in Manila, Philippines, in 2012, not a protest against the UST salinggawi dance troupe outside the Mall of Asia Arena. The circumstances of the protest and the location the claim gives are false, therefore the claim is refuted. ", "claim_text": "Catholic youth groups protest against UST salinggawi dance troupe outside Mall of Asia Arena.", "claim_images": ["67a147fde2f02e5f49953318#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "nicco regina george era", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://twitter.com/niccobabyy/status/1601503491121631232", "original_claim_url": "", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Satirical Source Identification", "Media Source Discovery"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240621193010/https://www.logicallyfacts.com/en/fact-check/false-old-image-of-bridge-collapse-in-madhya-pradesh-shared-as-from-gujarat-s-surendranagar", "date": "2023-01-25", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a1536de2f02e5f499556b5#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "April 10, 2022 by NDTV", "source_url": "https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/british-era-bridge-collapses-in-madhya-pradesh-lorry-falls-on-dry-river-bed-2875567", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a1536de2f02e5f499556b5#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "A British-Era Bridge Collapses In Madhya Pradesh, Trailer-Truck Falls On Dry River Bed", "source_url": "https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/british-era-bridge-collapses-in-madhya-pradesh-lorry-falls-on-dry-river-bed-2875567", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the image published by NDTV on April 10, 2022 depict?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240406123335/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/bridge-collapsed-in-gujarats-surendranagar-vastadi-acccident-2439947-2023-09-24", "source_medium": "Image/graphic", "boolean_explanation": "A bridge did collapse in Surendranagar but it does not have the same appearance as the image."}], "question": "Did a bridge collapse in 2023 in Gujarat's Surendranagar?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "While a bridge did collapse in Gujarat's Surendranagar district, this occurred in 2023. The bridge pictured is from a different bridge collapse in 2022 in Madhya Pradesh, so the claim is refuted.", "claim_text": "Image shows a collapsed bridge in Gujarat's Surendranagar district", "claim_images": ["67a1536de2f02e5f499556b5#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "IANS", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://ghostarchive.org/archive/XLpUq", "reporting_source": "X", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240622131645/https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2023/01/fact-check-images-do-not-prove-existence-of-covert-military-base-on-mars.html", "date": "2023-01-03", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240508232652/https://aeon.co/essays/what-dangers-must-we-overcome-before-we-can-live-on-mars", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Humans have not yet landed on Mars."}], "question": "Have humans ever landed on Mars?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a15870e2f02e5f49956196#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "A video posted in YouTube on February 27, 2013 used a downloadable image from Spirit, a NASA Mars exploration rover, and zoomed in to reveal a rock-like formation which can be seen in the image.", "source_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wh0rDSn0O98", "source_medium": "Image/graphic"}], "question": "What is the origin of the images?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The image in part shows an image taken by Spirit, a NASA Mars exploration rover, and is zoomed in on a rock-like formation. Humans have not yet landed on Mars, so they could not have created a military base there. ", "claim_text": "The Mars Rover discovered evidence suggesting the existence of a covert military base on the planet Mars.", "claim_images": ["67a15870e2f02e5f49956196#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Beatriz Ali ", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230123111251/https://thedailyworld.net/the-mars-rover-discovered-evidence-suggesting-the-existence-of-a-covert-military-base-on-the-planet-mars/", "reporting_source": "The Daily world.net", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Consultation", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241122203201/https://factly.in/modi-government-reconstructed-sharda-devi-temple-located-on-the-indian-side-of-loc-not-sharda-peeth/", "date": "2023-04-02", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a3a953e2f02e5f4996e3f5#INPUT#0#0.jpg", "67a3a953e2f02e5f4996e3f5#INPUT#0#1.jpg", "67a3a953e2f02e5f4996e3f5#INPUT#0#2.jpg", "67a3a953e2f02e5f4996e3f5#INPUT#0#3.jpg", "67a3a953e2f02e5f4996e3f5#INPUT#0#4.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The images are from the inauguration of Maa Sharda Temple built by 'Shri Sharda Peethan Shringeri Math' in Kupwara. The reconstruction of this temple is a step towards the resumption of the ancient pilgrimage of Sharda Peeth in Kupwara and is reconstructed the temple mentioned in the claim.", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/amitshahofficial/posts/830601625088134", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What do the images depict?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a3a953e2f02e5f4996e3f5#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The image depicts the ruins of Sharda Peeth in Neelam Valley, Pakistan occupied Kashmir.", "source_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=97Uyc0z6jkg", "source_medium": "Video"}], "question": "What does the image depict?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a3a953e2f02e5f4996e3f5#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The reconstruction took place at the Sharda Devi temple in Kupwara, India, not Sharda Peeth in PoK.\n", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241122203201/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/pakistan-may-open-up-sharda-peeth-for-indian-pilgrims/articleshow/68570764.cms", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Did the Modi government reconstruct Sharda Peeth in PoK?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a3a953e2f02e5f4996e3f5#INPUT#3#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": " The Sharda Devi temple in India and Sharda Peeth in PoK are located about 40-50 km apart.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241122203201im_/https://factly.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/Sharada-Peeth-Temple-Reconstruction-Image-3.png", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the distance between the two temples?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The reconstruction took place at the Sharda Devi temple in Kupwara, India, not Sharda Peeth in PoK", "claim_text": "Modi government reconstructed the Sharda Peeth temple situated in Pakistan Occupied Kashmir (POK)", "claim_images": ["67a3a953e2f02e5f4996e3f5#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67a3a953e2f02e5f4996e3f5#CLAIM#1.jpg", "67a3a953e2f02e5f4996e3f5#CLAIM#2.jpg", "67a3a953e2f02e5f4996e3f5#CLAIM#3.jpg", "67a3a953e2f02e5f4996e3f5#CLAIM#4.jpg", "67a3a953e2f02e5f4996e3f5#CLAIM#5.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Sanatan Civilization", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://scontent-man2-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/339555325_506402291517887_4093293867486751456_n.jpg?_nc_cat=102&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=833d8c&_nc_ohc=ifwjKZtDndEQ7kNvgGF4wqt&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-man2-1.xx&_nc_gid=A2CXHJaXIhuV7PFTA7Pxk9r&oh=00_AYAKBJnuoq56kUTT4IU3vzo-wqfAgMcEJGBrWi36Y3KTPw&oe=679F4428", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=626274652848406&id=100063976303181", "reporting_source": "facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230321044644/https://www.thequint.com/news/webqoof/mid-day-meal-paneer-ice-cream-served-in-uttar-pradesh-fact-check", "date": "2022-09-01", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a3af84e2f02e5f4996e778#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "Among the foods depicted are an apple, milkshake, paneer, puri, and ice cream.", "source_url": "https://x.com/KumaarSaagar/status/1565343546546470912?s=20&t=60z-NtSbeJzbMnZIHyvjOg", "source_medium": "Image/graphic"}], "question": "What foods are depicted in the image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "http://upmdm.org/", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Apples, milkshakes, paneer, puri, and ice cream do not appear on the menu. Typical items are dal, rice, and roti."}], "question": "Do apples, milkshakes, paneer, puri, and ice cream appear on the mid-day meal scheme menu published by the government school system in Uttar Pradesh?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a3af84e2f02e5f4996e778#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://x.com/AmitBharteey/status/1564880642373865473?s=20&t=8LnJKvUDmeBifPHok3FHDw", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "In a Twitter post dated August 31, 2022, @AmitBharteey, who is the village head, published photos, including the image, with a description that explains the meal is an \"Add-on\" meal provided for a special occasion by UNICEF"}], "question": "Has the image been published by school officials in Uttar Pradesh?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The foods depicted in [CLAIM_IMG_0] are an apple, milkshake, paneer, puri, and ice cream, which do not appear on the menu issued by the government school system in Uttar Pradesh. The typical items are dal, rice, and roti. A school official published the image and stated that the meal was an \"Add-on\" meal provided for a special occasion by UNICEF, not the typical mid-day meal provided to students so the claim is refuted.", "claim_text": "A September, 2022 image depicts the mid-day meal provided to the students of government schools in Uttar Pradesh", "claim_images": ["67a3af84e2f02e5f4996e778#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Arun Yadav", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://rejouer.perma.cc/replay-web-page/w/id-397a9cc97490/mp_/file:///XV3F-YG74/upload.png?version=004124729294580165", "original_claim_url": "https://perma.cc/XV3F-YG74", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Keyword Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted", "Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230516225458/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2022/12/06/fact-check-false-claim-timelapse-photo-proof-flat-earth/10731282002/", "date": "2022-11-14", "label": "Refuted", "location": "AQ", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a3b3eae2f02e5f4996edf8#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The image, taken by Aman Chokshi, shows a 90% partial solar eclipse at the South Pole as a composite image of 33 exposures taken over two hours", "source_url": "https://www.instagram.com/p/CXIuMQWog-C/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the image depict?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap211210.html", "source_medium": "Image/graphic", "boolean_explanation": "Exposures taken over two hours will not show much vertical motion. Longer timelapse images of the very same eclipse, also taken in Antarctica, show the sun's position fluctuating throughout a full day."}], "question": "Are exposures taken over two hours sufficient to show the full movement of the sun?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The image shows a partial solar eclipse at the South Pole from 33 combined photos taken over two hours. Two hours is not enough time to show much vertical motion, so the sun appears to move in a straight line. Longer time lapse images of the same eclipse show the sun's position fluctuating throughout a full day, so the image shown does not prove the Earth is flat because other images show the sun does not move in a straight line for the full day.", "claim_text": "Timelapse images of a solar eclipse taken at the South Pole proves the Earth is flat because the sun moves in a perfectly straight line", "claim_images": ["67a3b3eae2f02e5f4996edf8#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "xposeantarctical", "transcription": "SOUTH POLE SOLAR ECLIPSE PROVES WE LIVE ON A FLAT PLANE", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.org/details/20221201_20221201_2258", "reporting_source": "Instagram", "claim_types": ["Causal Claim", "Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Media Source Discovery"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221201102658/https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2022/oct/19/viral-image/old-hoax-about-killer-cab-driver-still-spreading-o/", "date": "2022-10-16", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a40c4be2f02e5f49972a46#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "January 20, 2018", "source_url": "https://x.com/africatoptweet/status/954636010880753664?lang=en", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the original story about the taxi driver in the image dated?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a40c4be2f02e5f49972a46#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The translated text indicates that the driver is in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Africa.", "source_url": "https://x.com/africatoptweet/status/954636010880753664?lang=en", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What location is indicated in the January 20, 2018 post?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a40c4be2f02e5f49972a46#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://www.google.com/search?q=2465RB&sxsrf=ALiCzsZoUakCMs6fml32enTaKx_4TYz6YQ:1666132310886&ei=VilPY_zNNdetqtsP8uu2gAw&start=0&sa=N&ved=2ahUKEwj80KfE6ur6AhXXlmoFHfK1DcA4ChDy0wN6BAgBEAQ&biw=667&bih=621&dpr=2", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "A Google search shows many hoax reports of the same driver in different locations."}], "question": "Have there been other reports using the same image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The man shown in the image is a driver in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Africa. The man is not from New York and there are many other reports stating that the claim is a hoax, therefore the claim is refuted.", "claim_text": "Social media posts from 2022 warn of a killer taxi driver with number 2465RB", "claim_images": ["67a40c4be2f02e5f49972a46#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "tamara_goodaz_seafood_tues", "transcription": "*** Warning *** This is a man with Taxi number (2465RB) in NY Who drives around taking People to kill. He removed their parts. Share this message. At least save a life. my friend from the DA's office in Brooklyn just sent me this. Share it for safety.", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.ph/mTply", "reporting_source": "Instagram", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Fact-checker Reference"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221205112734/https://checkyourfact.com/2022/10/17/fact-check-woman-reporter-cover/", "date": "2022-10-05", "label": "Refuted", "location": "UA", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a40f85e2f02e5f49972ddb#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "March 6, 2022 in a video published by the BBC", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221209030340/https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-europe-60641873", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a40f85e2f02e5f49972ddb#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "Ukranians in Irpin are attempting to escape mortar fire with their belongings in suitcases and backpacks", "source_url": "https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-europe-60641873", "source_medium": "Video"}], "question": "What are the circumstances of the video published by the BBC on March 6, 2022?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a40f85e2f02e5f49972ddb#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The woman behind the reporter is one of the persons attempting to escape. At 2:00 in the video, she can be seen on the ground while rounds are fired. In the image, she has just stood from a crouching position.", "source_url": "https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-europe-60641873", "source_medium": "Video"}], "question": "What is the woman doing behind the reporter in the video published by the BBC?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The photo is a screenshot from a video published by the BBC of Ukranians in Irpin attempting to escape mortar fire. A reporter is seen in the front of the video, while a woman behind the reporter can be seen on the ground while rounds are fired. In [CLAIM_IMG_0] she has just stood from a crouching position. The image and events are not staged and therefore the claim is refuted.", "claim_text": "A staged photo shows a woman shopping while a BBC reporter, Jeremy Brown pretends to be on the frontline during the Russian invasion of Ukraine.", "claim_images": ["67a40f85e2f02e5f49972ddb#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Gary Northrop", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/gary.northrop.1/posts/pfbid0rD1roKoQywt39KjVGZUBwfdhCnABWMdwvZ6fhryNKvqEZpPwYdndd3PPmcUXi6eAl", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230516225459/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2022/12/05/fact-check-image-chicago-skyline-proves-earth-round-not-flat/10664681002/", "date": "2022-11-07", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a413cce2f02e5f4997317c#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The photo was taken from Indiana Dunes State Park which is just across the border from Illinois on the shores of Lake Michigan. To see from one to the other, one would be looking across Lake Michigan, as they are on opposite shores.", "source_url": "https://www.instagram.com/p/B0cjAi7lg6T/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where was the image taken?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Approximately 35 miles", "source_url": "https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23302214-chicago-skyline-1/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the straight-line distance between the Indiana Dunes State Park and Chicago?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The Willis Tower is the tallest building in Chicago in the image and its roof is 442.1 meters high or or 1,250 feet.", "source_url": "https://news.illinois.edu/how-did-chicagos-willis-tower-lose-its-title-as-the-nations-tallest-building/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the tallest building in Chicago in the image?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "129 feet", "source_url": "https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23302214-chicago-skyline-1/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "How tall would a building in Chicago need to be for any portion of it to be seen from Indiana Dunes State Park?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The image of the Chicago skyline was taken from Indiana Dunes state park looking across Lake Michigan, which is only 35 miles from Chicago. The tallest building seen in the image is the Willis Tower. To see a building in Chicago from Indiana Dunes State Park, the building must be at least 129 feet tall. The Willis Tower is 1250 feet tall, so it is tall enough to be seen from the park and therefore this does not prove that the Earth is flat.", "claim_text": "Image of Chicago skyline taken in Indiana proves Earth is flat.", "claim_images": ["67a413cce2f02e5f4997317c#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "flatworldlogic", "transcription": "If This Was Real Chicago Skyline From Indiana Would Be Hidden By 1,473ft. Of Earth Curve", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.org/details/20221201_20221201_2255", "reporting_source": "Instagram", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Satirical Source Identification"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240620083155/https://newschecker.in/fact-check/mehbooba-muftis-daughter-acted-in-omkara-viral-claim-on-irtiqa-and-iltija-mufti-is-false/", "date": "2019-08-15", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "In an article dated August 27, 2023, Mehbooba Mufti clarified on a social media platform that her elder daughter Irtika Mufti never acted in the Omkara movie. ", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240618194248/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/no-my-daughter-did-not-act-in-omkara-mehbooba-mufti-on-non-islamic-allegation-101693136121977.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Did Irtiqa Mufti act in the film OMKARA?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": []}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0488414/fullcredits", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Irtika Mufti is not listed among the credits for the movie OMKARA"}], "question": "Is Irtika Mufti listed among the credits for the movie OMKARA?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240130145122/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/srinagar/mehboobas-daughter-iltija-mufti-appointed-her-media-advisor-8916668/", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "In an article date August 30, 2023 in The Indian Express it was reported Mehbooba\u2019s daughter Iltija Mufti appointed her media advisor"}], "question": "Did Iltija Mufti wordk in London as an IFS officer?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "Irtiqa Mufti was not an actress in the Omkara movie and is not listed in the credits. Iltija Mufti was appointed as media advisor by her mother Mehbooba Mufti, not as an IFS officer.", "claim_text": "Irtiqa Mufti acted in Omkara Movie and Iltija Mufti got a job in London as an IFS officer, through backdoor channels.", "claim_images": ["67a425fce2f02e5f4997552e#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67a425fce2f02e5f4997552e#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@ImtiazMadmood", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20231210072652im_/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/F4XqS87WIAA-O5s?format=png&name=360x360,https://web.archive.org/web/20231210072652im_/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/F4XqVzUWkAAU7nV?format=png&name=360x360", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20231210072652/https://twitter.com/ImtiazMadmood/status/1695018950138999271?s=20", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted"], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240620093042/https://www.thequint.com/news/webqoof/unrelated-image-of-rahul-gandhi-shared-as-him-tearing-2013-ordinance", "date": "2023-03-23", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "An article dated September 28, 2013 in The Times of India had the headline, \"Rahul Gandhi trashes ordinance, shames government,\" but the article speaks metaphorically. Gandhi didn't actually tear anything.", "source_url": "http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-09-28/india/42480591_1_rahul-gandhi-pm-manmohan-singh-ordinance?utm_source=unrelated-image-of-rahul-gandhi-shared-as-him-tearing-2013-ordinance&utm_medium=link_in_story", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Are there any news accounts from 2013 that address how Rahul Gandhi responded to the ordinance?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a4f274e2f02e5f49984e9f#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "On February 16, 2012, NDTV published a video that contains the image", "source_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gmRIABszEwU", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a4f274e2f02e5f49984e9f#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The video is from a campaign rally ahead of the 2012 Uttar Pradesh elections. Gandhi was talking against SP and BSP and accused them of making false promises. He then tore a piece of paper that listed poll promises made by both parties.", "source_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gmRIABszEwU", "source_medium": "Image/graphic"}], "question": "What are the circumstances of the image in the video published by NDTV on February 16, 2012?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The image was published a year before the 2013 ordinance, and shows Gandhi tearing up \"false promises\" by the SP and BSP parties.", "claim_text": "The image shows Rahul Gandhi tearing up a 2013 ordinance brought in by the then Congress-led United Progressive Alliance government, which disqualified him from the parliament. ", "claim_images": ["67a4f274e2f02e5f49984e9f#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@NarpatS56594441", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://archive.is/2erUJ/9b0b2d2a48e631aee617cc465abf4e1c0c1801e2.jpg", "original_claim_url": "", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search", "Keyword Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241127041658/https://newschecker.in/fact-check/photo-of-men-posing-in-isis-t-shirts-in-tamil-nadu-shared-as-kerala/", "date": "2023-05-07", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a4f5e8e2f02e5f49985488#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "August 4, 2014 in The Hindu", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20150306021640/https:/www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/muslim-youths-sporting-isis-tshirts-cause-a-flutter/article6278285.ece", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a4f5e8e2f02e5f49985488#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "\u201cA group of 26 Muslim youths caused a flutter when they posed for a photograph, sporting black T-shirts with the emblem of the ISIS (Islamic State in Iraq and al-Shams) in front of a mosque at the coastal town of Thondi in Ramanathapuram district on Eid day.\u201d Ramanathapuram is a district in Tamil Nadu.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20150306021640/https:/www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/muslim-youths-sporting-isis-tshirts-cause-a-flutter/article6278285.ece", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What were the circumstances of the image published by The Hindu on August 4, 2014?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The image does shows a group of 26 Muslim youths wearing T-shirts with an ISIS emblem, but it was published years ago in 2014 and was taken in the town of Thondi, not Kerala.", "claim_text": "Photograph shows a group of local Muslim men wearing identical ISIS t-shirts in Kerala.", "claim_images": ["67a4f5e8e2f02e5f49985488#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@sudhakar4258", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://archive.ph/z8h9D/6f36342635a10101400dde4284b26934c4a8b627.jpg", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.ph/z8h9D", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search", "Keyword Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524151143/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.33EM9LN", "date": "2023-04-24", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a4f956e2f02e5f49985cdc#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "April 11, 2021 on a Chinese-based Instagram account", "source_url": "https://lite.evernote.com/note/f5ea800a-0ada-41f2-8322-a230d2d99766", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a4f956e2f02e5f49985cdc#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://lite.evernote.com/note/f5ea800a-0ada-41f2-8322-a230d2d99766", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The post indicates it was taken in Mingsha Sand Dunes in China"}], "question": "Does the April 11, 2021 post on Instagram indicate the location of the lake?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a4f956e2f02e5f49985cdc#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Mingsha+Mountain+and+Crescent+Moon+Spring/@40.0875547,94.6707727,1333m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x37eac6f8166c149b:0xdf4b7f5a20457eb8!8m2!3d40.0881831!4d94.6755701!16s%2Fg%2F1tfvr9_d!5m2!1e4!1e2?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI1MDIwMy4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Google Maps satellite imagery shows the crescent-shaped liake and nearby structures in China's northwest Gansu province where Mingsha Mountain is located."}], "question": "Is there credible information that confirms the lake is Mingsha Sand Dunes in China?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "[CLAIM_IMG_0] shows the Mingsha Sand Dunes located in China.", "claim_text": "A photo of a crescent-shaped lake next to a pagoda structure in the middle of a desert shows a hotel in India's northern state of Rajasthan. ", "claim_images": ["67a4f956e2f02e5f49985cdc#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Ashok Siyag", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://archive.is/VgvIA/16dc25d4bfdc17566f12e377ce29e4ee66855396.jpg", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.is/VgvIA", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search", "Keyword Search", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240621004535/https://www.boomlive.in/fact-check/viral-picture-australia-protest-against-adani-group-gautam-adani-hindenburg-research-report-adani-fpo-stock-old-photo-20925", "date": "2023-02-02", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a5081fe2f02e5f49989c1d#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "October 14, 2017 in the Indian Cultural Forum", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240916103020/https://indianculturalforum.in/2017/10/14/stopadani-protests-in-australia-against-adanis-venture-of-carmichael-coal-mine/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a5081fe2f02e5f49989c1d#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "A venture of the Adani group in Australia has stirred up a controversy. The Adani group, founded and chaired by an Indian billionaire businessman, Gautam Adani has sought a loan of 900 Million dollars from Australia. Adani is accused of illegal dealings, bribery, environmental and social devastation; corruption, fraud and money laundering in India. The Adani group has now entered Australia with a project to construct the Carmichael coal mine. Thousands of protesters staged protests in various parts of Australia.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240916103020/https://indianculturalforum.in/2017/10/14/stopadani-protests-in-australia-against-adanis-venture-of-carmichael-coal-mine/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What was the context of the image published by the Indian Cultural Forum on October 14, 2017?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The image does show a protest in Australia against the Adani group's Carmichael coal mine. However, the image was published in 2017 when the protest occurred, so it could not show a protest that happened in 2023. ", "claim_text": "Photo of a group of people on a beach carrying placards that spell out #StopAdani shows protest in Australia against the Indian billionaire Gautam Adani in 2023.", "claim_images": ["67a5081fe2f02e5f49989c1d#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@SevadalHYD", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://archive.ph/DTAaw/2b47564ee631bf3593669c9cf60644016f07e22f.jpg", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.ph/DTAaw", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search", "Keyword Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230924112128/https://www.telugupost.com/english-factcheck/srks-selfie-with-ambani-family-was-not-taken-after-the-release-of-pathaan-1460812", "date": "2023-01-25", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "January 25, 2023", "source_url": "https://www.yashrajfilms.com/news/detail/2022/03/02/yrf-reveals-pathaan-release-date-with-a-specially-shot-date-announcement-video-that-has-no-film-footage", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the movie Pathaan released?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a509d8e2f02e5f4998a02c#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "December 28, 2015 in connection with the launch of Reliance Jio 4G", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230604134544/https://www.financialexpress.com/photos/business-gallery/184656/reliance-jio-4g-launched-mukesh-ambani-speech-highlights-in-5-points/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The image was published in 2015, eight years before the Pathaan movie was released.", "claim_text": "Image shows Ambani family taking selfie with Shah Rukh Khan after watching Pathaan movie.\n", "claim_images": ["67a509d8e2f02e5f4998a02c#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@Khurraminc", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FnUIVNTaYAEiMqb?format=jpg&name=small", "original_claim_url": "", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230528220623/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.33FU8QC", "date": "2023-05-16", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Bhattacharjee's husband, whom she married in an Indian ceremony called Haldi, is fitness instructor Shahnawaz Sheikh.", "source_url": "https://archive.ph/2eMsz", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is Bhattacharjee's husband's name?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a51323e2f02e5f4998bc3a#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "Vishal Singh, her co-star in the Hindi soap opera \"Saath Nibhaana Saathiya.\"", "source_url": "https://lite.evernote.com/note/9cf7ac45-f75a-4883-bcb8-0b1b08ac056b", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is the man in the image with Bhattacharjee?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The man in the image with Bhattacharjee is not her husband Shahnawaz Sheikh, it is Vishal Singh, who is one of her co-stars.", "claim_text": "A photo shows Indian actress Devoleena Bhattacharjee, who spoke in support of a movie critics claim is anti-Muslim, with her Muslim husband.", "claim_images": ["67a51323e2f02e5f4998bc3a#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": " Tabrez Ansari", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://archive.ph/QMcqE/b3055450585fa9d4a799c5384d22b36ac63df59d.jpg", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.ph/QMcqE", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230128093509/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.336R7U3", "date": "2022-12-28", "label": "Refuted", "location": "CN", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "December 28, 2022", "source_url": "https://www.cbsnews.com/news/china-covid-cases-deaths-travel-restrictions-other-nations/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When did China lift its Covid travel restrictions?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "January 30, 2020", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/W39V-9DZV", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the travel advice in the image originally published by the Chinese foreign ministry?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "\"All air and train routes into and out of North Korea are temporarily suspended as of 31 January 2020.\"", "source_url": "https://archive.ph/7rKIV", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When did North Korea close its borders to travelers regardless of reason?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "China did not lift its Covid travel restrictions until 2022. North Korea closed its borders in January 2020, 2 years before the travel restrictions were lifted so the claim is refuted.", "claim_text": "When China lifted Covid travel restrictions, North Korea banned Chinese visitors.", "claim_images": ["67a8c50b78ffc1b9fb71856f#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@rumoreconomy", "transcription": "Chinese citizens are temporarily prohibited from entering the country, and all recent arrivals, including North Korean citizens, will be quarantined for 30 days.", "media_source": "https://archive.ph/j9SHZ/9a32687f618d2598bddcb33f42f3a1f7ea0bda5f.jpg", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.ph/j9SHZ", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted"], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240617114028/https://www.boomlive.in/fact-check/arvind-kejriwal-iit-kharagpur-ranking-jee-corporate-quota-jindal-group-21589", "date": "2023-04-02", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/Kejriwal-did-crack-IITJEE/articleshow/52292780.cms", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Former dean of undergraduate studies, Rajender Singh, informed the Times of India that no such quota reservation exists."}], "question": "Does a quota reservation exist for admissions at IIT Kharagpur?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://www.deccanherald.com/content/557005/kejriwal-got-563-rank-jee.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "A Deccan Herald report indicated that the institute responded that Kejriwal's JEE ranking on his AIR was 563."}], "question": "Did Kejriwal actually have a JEE ranking?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=1270957349588953", "source_medium": "Video", "boolean_explanation": "Former IIT Kharagpur Registrar Pradeep Payne mentioned that Kejriwal's AIR was 563 while speaking to ABP News"}], "question": "Did the registrar of the institution confirm the ranking?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "There is no corporate quota for admissions at IIT Kharagpur, so Chief Minister  Arvind Kejriwal could not have been admitted through such a quota.", "claim_text": "Delhi Chief Minister Arvind Kejriwal did not clear the competitive Joint Entrance Exam (JEE) for his admission into the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), and was admitted through corporate quota.\n", "claim_images": ["67a8d23378ffc1b9fb719634#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Pandit Hira Tiwari Youth Party", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://scontent-man2-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/339653041_209601685046623_482754504479588251_n.jpg?_nc_cat=106&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=833d8c&_nc_ohc=Qv0jF53S7i8Q7kNvgGpBpis&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-man2-1.xx&_nc_gid=AEMGZR8vRS9B9U7uQT_PN3R&oh=00_AYD4uZp2X4UzJbGN-bvZgy-sGf-x4m3BicTie_nqgDGf6A&oe=67917DB4", "original_claim_url": 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["67a8d4b578ffc1b9fb719bc9#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://www.ealing.gov.uk/info/201164/local_plan/3125/new_local_plan", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The Ealing Council confirmed that a new local plan references the idea of 20-minute neighbourhoods."}], "question": "Are \"20-minute neighbourhood\" zones being planned for Ealing?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.ealing.gov.uk/downloads/download/7028/regulation_18_local_plan_consultation_documents", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The council documents explain that \"the goal is to enable people to fulfil the majority of their daily needs within a 20-minute roundtrip walk from their homes.\u201d There are no restrictions on travel."}], "question": "Does the Ealing Council's draft plan reference restrictions on car travel or any loss of choice about travel as a result of the 20-minute neighbourhoods?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The \"20-minute city\" and local zones the image and claim refers to is a new local plan on the idea of cities that would allow people to fulfill the majority of their daily needs within a 20-minute roundtrip walk from their homes. There would be no restrictions on travel.", "claim_text": "There are plans to divide Ealing into seven local zones. Sanctions can be used to restrict the number of days per year that you are allowed to drive anywhere outside your own zone.", "claim_images": ["67a8d4b578ffc1b9fb719bc9#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Layla Shakespeare", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://scontent-man2-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/329119824_711752307152009_4945465032132394492_n.jpg?_nc_cat=105&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=aa7b47&_nc_ohc=XVtV-e7ARDUQ7kNvgGvwvrv&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-man2-1.xx&_nc_gid=A2FchWSpEXZiqkOttlrE2y0&oh=00_AYBNVMQhDeVt-Sy3GpAhrFhi1kTkODzZo5Aqh1PO3tpC3w&oe=6791DCDF", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=2349302938566238&set=gm.1202890487099138&idorvanity=1057617371626451", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Fact-checker Reference"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted"], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241206151753/https://fullfact.org/online/Ealing-15-minute-cities/", "date": "2023-02-04", "label": "Refuted", "location": "GB", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a8d88978ffc1b9fb71a160#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241110092924/https://www.ealing.gov.uk/info/201164/local_plan/3125/new_local_plan", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "A new local plan does reference the idea of 20-minute neighbourhood zones"}], "question": "Has Oxford proposed a plan for 20-minute neighbourhood zones?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241210213147/https://www.ealing.gov.uk/downloads/download/7028/regulation_18_local_plan_consultation_documents", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "There are no restrictions on any type of travel. Representatives stated, \"With access to safe cycling and local transport choices, the goal is to enable people to fulfil the majority of their daily needs within a 20-minute roundtrip walk from their homes.\u201d"}], "question": "Does the new local plan for 20-minute neighbourhoods involve restrictions on any type of travel from the zones?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The local zones and \"20-minute cities\" the claim and image refer to is an idea for a local plan that would enable people to fulfill the majority of their daily needs within a 20-minute roundtrip walk from their homes. There are no restrictions on any type of travel. ", "claim_text": "Oxford\u2019s plans will restrict how many days a year you are able to leave your zone in your car.", "claim_images": ["67a8d88978ffc1b9fb71a160#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Layla Shakespeare", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://scontent-man2-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/329119824_711752307152009_4945465032132394492_n.jpg?_nc_cat=105&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=aa7b47&_nc_ohc=XVtV-e7ARDUQ7kNvgGvwvrv&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-man2-1.xx&_nc_gid=A2FchWSpEXZiqkOttlrE2y0&oh=00_AYBNVMQhDeVt-Sy3GpAhrFhi1kTkODzZo5Aqh1PO3tpC3w&oe=6791DCDF", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=2349302938566238&set=gm.1202890487099138&idorvanity=1057617371626451", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted"], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230608182636/https://checkyourfact.com/2023/03/02/fact-check-brintons-twitter-suspended/", "date": "2023-02-23", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The real Twitter account for the former DOE official Sam Brinton is @sbrinton (twitter.com/sbrinton) and it is not suspended", "source_url": "https://x.com/sbrinton", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the Twitter handle for the account belonging to former DOE official Sam Brinton?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://x.com/sambrinton", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "There is an account under the handle @sambrinton that is suspended but the account does not belong to the former DOE official Sam Brinton"}], "question": "Is there a Twitter account under the handle Sam Brinton that is suspended?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The suspended account is under the handle @sambrinton, however it does not belong to the former DOE official Sam Brinton. His Twitter handle is @sbrinton (twitter.com/sbrinton) and it is not suspended, therefore the claim is refuted.", "claim_text": "In February, 2023, former Department of Energy official Sam Brinton\u2019s Twitter account was suspended.", "claim_images": ["67a8dc1378ffc1b9fb71a6fb#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Ronnie Elliott", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://scontent-man2-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/470576050_557091367298153_9199011207200935123_n.jpg?stp=dst-jpg_p526x296_tt6&_nc_cat=107&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=833d8c&_nc_ohc=VIP5VL4FGXsQ7kNvgHLlAIr&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-man2-1.xx&_nc_gid=A7iu1ragSjQsgIML7hg8_kn&oh=00_AYBZwRo2beDxkUCueo9ybv6VLT9XOV94DeM9F19_QB0OoA&oe=6791E645", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=pfbid0EVvcqUELcTjLBHtY3yo16osNx4sDq4JmCsZp5P9uowWc2wm9nGdKpoPM1APcydN9l&id=100089918842941", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted"], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240612012535/https://healthfeedback.org/claimreview/covid19-vaccines-dont-cause-miscarriages-stillbirths-misleading-interpretations-vaers-data/", "date": "2023-03-30", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a8f6db78ffc1b9fb71da09#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The poster used information about miscarriages and stillbirths reported to the U.S. Vaccine Adverse events Reporting System (VAERS).", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/6FGG-57DB?type=image", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What was the source used for the graph in the image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240612090336/https://vaers.hhs.gov/data.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "VAERS warns users: \"Some reports may contain information that is incomplete, inaccurate, coincidental, or unverifiable. Most reports to VAERS are voluntary, which means they are subject to biases\u201d."}], "question": "Is the VAERS database a reliable source of medical information?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240610095450/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X21011919?via%3Dihub", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Prenatal COVID-19 vaccination is not associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes."}], "question": "Is there any scientific evidence which would indicate that the Covid vaccine is associated with miscarriages or stillbirths?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The image shows information about miscarriages and stillbirths reported to VAERS, who themselves have warned that the information may be incomplete, inaccurate, unverifiable, and biased. There is no scientific evidence that prenatal COVID-19 vaccines are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes.", "claim_text": "COVID-19 vaccines increase the risk of miscarriages and stillbirths", "claim_images": ["67a8f6db78ffc1b9fb71da09#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "armechanix", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "", "reporting_source": "Instagram", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240125092206/https://www.newsweek.com/fact-check-was-missing-flight-370-found-no-human-remains-1798727", "date": "2023-05-01", "label": "Refuted", "location": "MY", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a8f95378ffc1b9fb71dfc6#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "An old Lockheed Martin L1011 Tristar airplane that sank to the bottom of the Red Sea in 2019 is now home to marine life. American underwater photographer Brett Holzer captured a series of images of this eerie spectacle.", "source_url": "https://legendfm.com.fj/sunken-airplane-makes-for-artificial-reef/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the object depicted in the image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://community.infiniteflight.com/t/on-this-day-malaysian-airlines-flight-370/195330", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The aircraft has not been recovered, and the cause for the disappearance remains unknown."}], "question": "Was Malaysian Airlines Flight 370 ever found?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The image does not show MH370, it shows a Lockheed Martin L1011 Tristar airplane that sank in 2019. Flight MH370 has not been found.", "claim_text": "Missing Flight MH370 was found with no Human remains inside.", "claim_images": ["67a8f95378ffc1b9fb71dfc6#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@RoyisThaTruth,", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230627081453im_/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FvIzUCBWAAIUCbO?format=jpg&name=small", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230627081452/https://twitter.com/RoyIsThaTruth/status/1653440448852000774", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240114105053/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2023/01/31/fact-check-polio-caused-virus-combatted-vaccine-not-pesticides/11149763002/", "date": "2023-01-22", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/objects-and-stories/medicine/polio-20th-century-epidemic", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The World Health Organization has determined that the disease is caused by a virus."}], "question": "Do health officials know that polio is caused by a virus?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "In 1908, Dr. Karl Landsteiner and Dr. Erwin Popper discovered that polio is a viral infection.", "source_url": "https://www.who.int/news-room/spotlight/history-of-vaccination/history-of-polio-vaccination", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who discovered that polio is a viral infection?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://apnews.com/article/fact-check-polio-vaccine-ddt-pesticide-480376540979", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Multiple experts have stated that the toxic DDT was not connected with polio cases."}], "question": "Have experts explicitly stated that pesticides like DDT are not connected to polio?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "Pesticides are not connected with polio cases. In 1908, doctors discovered that polio was a viral infection. The World Health Organization has also determined that polio is indeed caused by a virus.", "claim_text": "Polio is caused by pesticide exposure, not a virus", "claim_images": ["67a9015378ffc1b9fb71f0e9#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67a9015378ffc1b9fb71f0e9#CLAIM#1.jpg", "67a9015378ffc1b9fb71f0e9#CLAIM#2.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@man_with_a_van", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.org/details/polio_202301", "reporting_source": "Instagram", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Fact-checker Reference"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20231007075454/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.33AQ8HU", "date": "2023-03-17", "label": "Refuted", "location": "CN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a907b178ffc1b9fb71fc6d#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230308100519/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/facts.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has asserted \"none of the authorized Covid-19 vaccines in the United States contain the live virus that causes Covid-19.\""}], "question": "Is the Covid-19 vaccine a pathogen?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.networkforphl.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Western-Region-Table-%E2%80%93-COVID-19-SCOTUS-Cases.pdf", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The referenced chart shows all U.S. Supreme Court rulings related to Covid-19, none of which rule that Covid is a pathogen, is not a vaccine, is unsafe, and/or cancel universal vaccination."}], "question": "Did the U.S. Supreme Court rule that Covid is a pathogen, is not a vaccine, is unsafe, and/or cancel universal vaccination? ", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "None of the authorized Covid-19 vaccines contain the live virus (pathogen) that causes Covid-19, and there was no U.S. Supreme Court ruling on this. The U.S. Supreme Court also did not make any rulings about canceling universal vaccination in relation to Covid-19. ", "claim_text": "The U.S. Supreme Court ruled the Covid pathogen is not a vaccine, is unsafe, and has canceled universal vaccination.", "claim_images": ["67a907b178ffc1b9fb71fc6d#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@Baoliaogeming64", "transcription": "The Supreme Court In The US Has Ruled That The Covid Pathogen Is Not A Vaccine, Is Unsafe, And Must Be Avoided At Al Costs - Supreme Court Has Canceled Universal Vax", "media_source": "https://archive.ph/IAHxo/44ea9d9f7cdb0002c22ba51475473615d552ce02.jpg", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.ph/IAHxo", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Fact-checker Reference"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted"], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230518203755/https://fullfact.org/online/Argos-playstation-giveaway-fake/", "date": "2023-05-09", "label": "Refuted", "location": "GB", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "Argos has various PlayStation 5 models listed on its website for between 389.99 and 659.99 pounds.", "source_url": "https://www.argos.co.uk/search/playstation-5/?clickOrigin=searchbar:cat:auto:play+station+5:playstation+5", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "How much is the PlayStation 5 console listed for on Argos?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a9115378ffc1b9fb721066#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.argos.co.uk/search/playstation-5/?clickOrigin=searchbar:cat:auto:play+station+5:playstation+5", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The social media post containing the claim was a ruse."}], "question": "Does Argos offer any model of PlayStation 5 for 1.78 pounds?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "Argos does not offer any PlayStation 5 consoles for  \u00a31.78, and they are listed for much higher on the official website, for between 389.99 and 659.99 pounds.", "claim_text": "Argos is offering PlayStation 5 consoles for \u00a31.78.", "claim_images": ["67a9115378ffc1b9fb721066#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Game consoles on sale", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://scontent-man2-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/469127020_510247628727604_143849950631922159_n.jpg?stp=dst-jpg_s600x600_tt6&_nc_cat=103&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=127cfc&_nc_ohc=GhANSdgKeHgQ7kNvgF-Dmv-&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-man2-1.xx&_nc_gid=A_LlEVckV2zDUm9Nzqb2ggy&oh=00_AYDhK453EpkG3XcJgXSA9ljjlVrQumQiElIj3qrVwVL-tA&oe=67931D12", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=pfbid0jnQLHy44wD4NDBSw93c7cvPAGX2PhBzkZMv3Ht4ctoYXDGpNYwBi8PUEXqP62NYwl&id=100092271145621", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted"], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230703203423/https://fullfact.org/online/nivea-suncreen-almond-oil-packaging/", "date": "2023-05-30", "label": "Refuted", "location": "GB", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a914d078ffc1b9fb72162f#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20231206104935/https://www.nivea.co.uk/allergy#:~:text=we%20added%20Almond%20Oil%20to%20the%20NIVEA%20Sun%20Kids%20Protect%20%26%20Care%20range%20in%202022", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "In 2022, Nivea included \"almond oil\" in its ingredients listed in addition to its scientific name, \"Prunus Amygdalis Duclis Oil.\""}], "question": "Did the Nivea Sun Kids Protect & Care shown contain almond oil prior to 2022?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a914d078ffc1b9fb72162f#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20231206104935/https://www.nivea.co.uk/allergy#:~:text=we%20added%20Almond%20Oil%20to%20the%20NIVEA%20Sun%20Kids%20Protect%20%26%20Care%20range%20in%202022", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Both are now listed on the label, although the product always contained almond oil."}], "question": "Does the packaging label now show both the scientific name and almond oil?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a914d078ffc1b9fb72162f#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "No, almond oil was always included, but initially listed by its scientific name. Now, it's also labeled as \"Almond Oil\" for better clarity."}], "question": "Was almond oil missing from the label?", "answer_method": "Image Analysis", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "Almond oil was always included on a label, but initially listed by its scientific name. Now, it's also labeled as \"Almond Oil\" for better clarity.", "claim_text": "In 2022, Nivea added almond oil, which was not previously labeled on its package, to its sunscreen product for children", "claim_images": ["67a914d078ffc1b9fb72162f#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67a914d078ffc1b9fb72162f#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "ikids Nursery", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://scontent-man2-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/347234796_788873659553008_3324196797212351910_n.jpg?stp=dst-jpg_p526x296_tt6&_nc_cat=100&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=833d8c&_nc_ohc=lwUQHGrpnB4Q7kNvgFDhIxv&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-man2-1.xx&_nc_gid=AzEp-IAr_J8Ddp-XKViKO8x&oh=00_AYDCKSMXD0SENakwi3mbFL_WCqFObLLALC6YZWP9J-KWsg&oe=67954642", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=pfbid0waWnm4Vs2FTmxt3fxhjaNsVBLSHBDpALcmkYhUDvfbbQKLj2Hsb9rsKfEH5iJvk7l&id=100061811120024", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230402121229/https://www.vishvasnews.com/english/viral/fact-check-owaisis-claim-of-rajasthan-cm-not-meeting-bhiwani-victims-family-is-false/", "date": "2023-02-21", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://x.com/ashokgehlot51/status/1627976600892624897?t=bQI2vA66PBJwezZZBqQOgg&s=19", "source_medium": "Image/graphic", "boolean_explanation": "On February 21, 2023, Ashok Gehlot posted a photo to his Twitter account of his meeting with the families."}], "question": "Did Ashok Gehlot meet with Junaid and Nasir's families?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://x.com/ashokgehlot51/status/1627976600892624897?t=bQI2vA66PBJwezZZBqQOgg&s=19", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Translated, it reads: \"A few days ago, I met the families of Junaid and Nasir who lost their lives due to violence in Haryana. Rajasthan Police is making every effort to provide justice to the victims of this heinous crime and justice will be ensured.\""}], "question": "Was the photo posted to Ashok Gehlot's Twitter account on February 21, 2023 accompanied by a caption?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "Ashok Gehlot did meet the families of Junaid and Masir, posting an image to his Twitter account with the caption \"A few days ago, I met the families of Junaid and Nasir who lost their lives due to violence in Haryana...\"", "claim_text": "Rajasthan Chief Minister Ashok Gehlot did not meet the families of Muslim men Junaid and Nasir, who were killed in Haryana\u2019s Bhiwani", "claim_images": ["67a921a578ffc1b9fb7227bc#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Rukhsar Bano", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://perma.cc/H5BK-V236", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted"], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241217195531/https://factly.in/these-anniversary-giveaway-messages-attributed-to-different-companies-are-fake/", "date": "2023-02-03", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The store was founded in 1962. ", "source_url": "https://encyclopediaofarkansas.net/entries/walmart-inc-2135/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When did the first Walmart store open?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://encyclopediaofarkansas.net/entries/walmart-inc-2135/", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "2023 would have been Walmart's 61st anniversary, not its 51st anniversay as suggested by the image claim."}], "question": "Would 2023 have been Walmart's 51st anniversary?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241217185451/https://corporate.walmart.com/privacy-security/fraud-alerts", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Walmart has officially warned people of numerous scams involving offers in the name of Walmart. In fact, a similar, previous anniversary giveaway is listed."}], "question": "Is Walmart a frequent victim of scam posters?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "Walmart was founded in 1962, so 2023 would not have been the 51st anniversary, it would be the 61st. The anniversary giveaway is a common Walmart scam post online.", "claim_text": "In 2023, Walmart offered unique gift bags to commemorate its 51st anniversary.", "claim_images": ["67a923de78ffc1b9fb722d9f#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Santanu Santanu", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://scontent-man2-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/471448511_561920500017982_2654157963259506233_n.jpg?stp=dst-jpg_s640x640_tt6&_nc_cat=105&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=aa7b47&_nc_ohc=n2j1yep1HR0Q7kNvgGjqGpA&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-man2-1.xx&_nc_gid=AJSpOwYq2_JM_w0v_mt7RYM&oh=00_AYCBXOIRS-TeDhUqiLI-3hDaw2vzzN-MKlpVx9TnA0KK1g&oe=67959C50", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230219030711/https://www.facebook.com/groups/2988024111291793/posts/5956441711116670/", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240717103123/https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2023/02/fact-check-local-vigilante-did-not-shoot-down-chinese-spy-balloon-image-shows-comedian-sam-hyde.html", "date": "2023-02-03", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a92d0978ffc1b9fb7240cc#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The image is of Sam Hyde, an internet comedian whose image is used to place blame for numerous events as a joke", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240717151851/https://knowyourmeme.com/memes/people/sam-hyde", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is the person in the image holding the weapon?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a92d0978ffc1b9fb7240cc#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210118132044/https://www.seattlepi.com/national/slideshow/World-news-photos-Indigenous-beauty-world-s-119728.php", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The caption that accompanies the original post of the image reads: \"Members of the Army walk near part of an unmanned Army surveillance blimp in a wooded area near Muncy, Pa., Thursday, Oct. 29, 2015. The slow-moving, unmanned Army surveillance blimp broke loose from its mooring at Aberdeen Proving Ground in Maryland and floated over Pennsylvania for hours Wednesday afternoon causing electrical outages as its tether hit power lines.\""}], "question": "Does the image show a Chinese spy balloon?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The man in [CLAIM_IMG_0] is Sam Hyde, an internet comedian whose image is used in connection with numerous events as a joke. The object in [CLAIM_IMG_1] is not a Chinese spy balloon, but an Army surveillance blimp.", "claim_text": "A local man in the USA, singlehandedly shot down a Chinese spy balloon ", "claim_images": ["67a92d0978ffc1b9fb7240cc#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67a92d0978ffc1b9fb7240cc#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "deinfringe_", "transcription": "Breaking: A local man has SHOT DOWN the CHINESE SPY BALLOON in an EXTRAORDINARY act of vigilantism!", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250119145538im_/https://leadstories.com/assets_c/2023/02/Sam%20Hyde%20meme%20image%20-thumb-800x838-3103362.png", "original_claim_url": "https://www.instagram.com/p/CoOWBzfM97_/", "reporting_source": "Instagram", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240613105319/https://newschecker.in/fact-check/old-image-of-stampede-shared-claiming-to-show-victims-of-recent-shooting-incident-in-jerusalem/", "date": "2023-01-28", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IL", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a931fa78ffc1b9fb7279d9#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "April 29, 2021 to the Twitter account of @RassdNewsN", "source_url": "https://x.com/RassdNewsN/status/1387920193339510785", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a931fa78ffc1b9fb7279d9#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://x.com/RassdNewsN/status/1387920193339510785", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Translated, the caption reads: \"The numbers are constantly increasing.\nTerror and a state of maximum alert in the Israeli occupation after dozens of Israeli settlers were killed and hundreds were injured, after the collapse of a bridge on which they had gathered to celebrate the Jewish \"Torch\" holiday, west of the occupied Galilee\""}], "question": "Is the image published by @RassdNewsN on April 29, 2021 to Twitter accompanied by a caption?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The image was originally published in 2021, two years before the shooting incident in Jerusalem. It shows victims of a bridge collapse.", "claim_text": "A photograph shows victims of the January, 2023 shooting incident in Jerusalem", "claim_images": ["67a931fa78ffc1b9fb7279d9#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "David Ridge", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.ph/CuIe4", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230602231230/https://www.thequint.com/news/webqoof/old-photo-of-rohit-sharma-viral-as-him-donating-blood-to-rishabh-pant", "date": "2022-12-30", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "December 30, 2022", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230314180312/https://www.thequint.com/sports/cricket/rishabh-pant-india-cricketer-road-accident-hospitalised-delhi-dehradun", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was Rishabh Pant injured in a car accident?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a9333978ffc1b9fb727fc6#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "November 12, 2016 when he underwent surgery on his thigh", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230114030730/https://www.thequint.com/sports/rohit-sharma-undergoes-successful-surgery-in-london#read-more", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image of Sharma in the hospital originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The image shows Rohit Sharma in a hospital in 2016 when he underwent surgery on his thigh. Rishabh Pant was not injured in a car accident until years later in 2022.", "claim_text": "An image of Indian cricket team captain Rohit Sharma shows him donating blood to wicket keeper batsman Rishabh Pant who was severely injured in a car accident.", "claim_images": ["67a9333978ffc1b9fb727fc6#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Om Rajpurohit", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://perma.cc/DCJ3-GJRY", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Causal Claim", "Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Reverse Image Search", "Fact-checker Reference"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230228000159/https://newsmobile.in/articles/2023/02/23/fact-check-old-image-of-dead-birds-falsely-linked-to-ohio-train-derailment-disaster/", "date": "2023-02-17", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "February 3, 2023", "source_url": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/science/what-we-know-about-the-chemicals-aboard-the-train-that-derailed-in-ohio", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When did the train derailment occur in East Palestine, Ohio?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a937bc78ffc1b9fb728b9d#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "April 9,  2018 in The Arkansas Democrat Gazette, the headline of which reads: \"Dead birds found in downtown Little Rock possibly intoxicated from fermented berries, expert says\"", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230225203535/https://www.arkansasonline.com/news/2018/apr/09/dead-birds-downtown-little-rock-street-possibly-in/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The train derailment in East Palestine occurred in 2023, 5 years after the image in the claim was originally published. The birds shown in the image died due to the possible ingestion of fermented berries, and their death was not connected to the toxic train derailment, so the claim is refuted.", "claim_text": "Dead birds are due to the toxic train derailment in East Palestine, Ohio", "claim_images": ["67a937bc78ffc1b9fb728b9d#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Amy Grubb", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230226104854/https://www.facebook.com/amy.grubb.75/posts/pfbid037WXskYf6SnqqNRNnfvwm8TKxg5YQUt2Gc1UbvXXKgDgpyAG6e7Vy3fzMLAjGxrHhl", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Causal Claim", "Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Consultation", "Reverse Image Search", "Keyword Search", "Fact-checker Reference"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241224083453/https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2023/01/fact-check-deceased-pope-does-not-get-hit-in-head-with-special-hammer-to-make-sure-hes-actually-dead.html", "date": "2023-01-01", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IT", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a93a7f78ffc1b9fb729192#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "In September, 2003, The Guardian published an article that claimed, \"After the pope dies, an event confirmed when a senior member of staff strikes him on the forehead with a silver hammer and calls his baptismal name to make sure he is not just asleep, the cardinals will gather within a fortnight in the Vatican to deliberate in great secrecy on the choice of his successor.\"", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241224083515/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2003/sep/29/religion.catholicism", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was a claim made about the hammer being used to hit a deceased Pope?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "In a republished article in November, 2003, The Guardian retracted the claim: \"The following correction was printed in the Guardian's Corrections and Clarifications column, Tuesday November 25 2003\n\nThe article below included the assertion that the corpse of a Pope is ritually struck on the head with a silver hammer to ascertain that there is no sign of life. According to the Vatican, this is a myth.\"", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20130827134732/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2003/sep/29/religion.catholicism", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Was the September, 2003 claim made in The Guardian article confirmed by Papal authorities?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim that the pope is struck in the forehead with a hammer to confirm death was originally published in an article by the Guardian, who later retracted the claim.", "claim_text": "Deceased Pope Gets Hit In Head With Special Hammer To Make Sure He's Actually Dead.", "claim_images": ["67a93a7f78ffc1b9fb729192#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": " stimulant enjoyer", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://x.com/gotitatguineys/status/1609650799646318596", "reporting_source": "X", "claim_types": ["Causal Claim", "Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Consultation", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted"], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230605075720/https://www.myfoxzone.com/article/news/verify/gas-prices-verify/no-gas-prices-arent-151-a-gallon-in-the-united-kingdom-fact-check/536-310c5500-ff5d-42d0-88ba-40254c30a279", "date": "2023-01-21", "label": "Refuted", "location": "GB", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a93cba78ffc1b9fb729795#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.racfoundation.org/data/uk-daily-fuel-table-with-breakdown", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Gas in the U.K. is sold in pence per liter."}], "question": "Does the image of gas prices in the U.K. show dollars per gallon?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "First, liters would have to be converted to gallons, then dollars to pounds. The actual cost of regular, unleaded gas in the UK on January 21, 2023 was about $7.00", "source_url": "https://www.greencarreports.com/news/1055944_u-s-drivers-shut-up-stop-whining-you-dont-pay-8-gallon", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What was the actual price of gas, expressed in dollars, in the UK when it was 1.51 pounds?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The prices shown in [CLAIM_IMG_0] are in pence per liter, not dollar per gallon as stated in the claim. Converting from liters to gallons, then dollars to pounds, the actual cost of regular, unleaded gas in the UK on January 21, 2023 was about $7.00 per liter.", "claim_text": "On January 21, 2023, regular unleaded gas cost $1.51 a gallon in the U.K.", "claim_images": ["67a93cba78ffc1b9fb729795#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Paul E Williams ", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://perma.cc/A8SB-3SPW", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Numerical Claim", "Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Numerical Comparison", "Consultation"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241224065709/https://www.thip.media/health-news-fact-check/fact-check-can-consuming-pineapple-juice-treat-painful-and-irregular-periods/40851/", "date": "2023-01-23", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "Pineapple contains the enzyme bromelain which is gaining popularity as a treatment for menstrual problems because it can help soften the uterine lining and control painful and irregular cycles.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241218155842/https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3529416/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Does pineapple juice contain any ingredient that may be beneficial for treatment of menstrual problems?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "More research is needed. At present, menstrual pain requires adequate rest and medical pain management.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241231003026/https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24695505/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Is there scientific evidence that the enzyme bromelain can reduce PMS symptoms?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a9421478ffc1b9fb729d92#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": " While pineapple may reduce inflammation, it doesn't provide a proven treatment for menstrual pain or irregular periods.\n", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241224065709/https://www.thip.media/treatment/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Can pineapple juice help with period pain?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a9421478ffc1b9fb729d92#INPUT#3#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Yes, relying solely on pineapple juice can be risky. Menstrual problems should be addressed medically, as natural remedies can't treat the underlying causes.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241224065709/https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24695505/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": " Is it risky to rely on pineapple juice for menstrual issues?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is refuted by the QA pairs. While pineapple may reduce inflammation, it doesn't provide a proven treatment for menstrual pain or irregular periods. Besides, relying solely on pineapple juice can be risky.\n", "claim_text": "Pineapple juice can treat menstrual irregularities and reduce period pain.", "claim_images": ["67a9421478ffc1b9fb729d92#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "thefactstore", "transcription": "Pineapple helpful in softening the lining of the uterus. Along with regularizing the period cycle. If it is consumed during periods, then there is a lot of relief in pain, cramps etc. ", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://www.instagram.com/p/Cnwo_ohy_Bk/?igshid=YmMyMTA2M2Y%3D", "reporting_source": "Instagram", "claim_types": ["Causal Claim", "Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": [], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240610175055/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.336G8HA", "date": "2022-10-11", "label": "Refuted", "location": "ID", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a9461f78ffc1b9fb72a393#INPUT#0#0.jpg", "67a9461f78ffc1b9fb72a393#INPUT#0#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=https://twitter.com/cvans/status/1580171895647133698#federation=archive.wikiwix.com&tab=url", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Dr. Caroline VanSickle, a biological anthropologist and assistant professor at A.T. Still University says, \"Out of thousands of hips, there is usually a trend toward traits relating to birth being larger in any given female vs male. But there can be considerable overlap between sexes & variation within a sex.\" In other words, pelvic bones don't always reveal the sex of the human they belonged to."}], "question": "Can anthropologists always identify a male or a female by the pelvic bones?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Sex is not binary. Definitions of sex that exclude intersex people fail to accurately describe observed natural biological variation. Reinforcing the sex binary like this can lead to intersex patients being disrespected in clinical settings & not receiving the care they need.", "source_url": "https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=https://twitter.com/cvans/status/1580171895647133698#federation=archive.wikiwix.com&tab=url", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What other problem does Dr. Caroline VanSickle note in trying to identify sex with pelvic bones?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "Experts have said that pelvic bones alone don't always reveal the sex of the human they belonged to. Sex is not binary, and definitions of sex that exclude intersex people fail to accurately describe observed natural biological variation.", "claim_text": "Archaeologists can determine the sex of a person from the pelvic bones in their remains and that the conclusion is they are always either male or female. ", "claim_images": ["67a9461f78ffc1b9fb72a393#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67a9461f78ffc1b9fb72a393#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "dr.Gia. Pratama", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230325164324/https://archive.ph/imrh9", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted"], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230128150056/https://www.cbs19.tv/article/news/verify/sports-verify/no-damar-hamlin-isnt-dead-conspiracy-theory-fact-check/536-beddfee9-2fe9-4840-b5f8-aa9a12b8445e", "date": "2023-01-23", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Buffalo Bills safety Damar Hamlin suffered a cardiac arrest after making a tackle during [January 2, 2023] Monday night\u2019s game, causing the NFL to suspend a pivotal game against the Cincinnati Bengals that quickly lost significance in the aftermath of a scary scene that unfolded in front of a national television audience.\nDamar Hamlin suffered a cardiac arrest following a hit in our game versus the Bengals. His heartbeat was restored on the field and he was transferred to the UC Medical Center for further testing and treatment.", "source_url": "https://apnews.com/article/bills-damar-hamlin-collapse-what-happened-d73a76f2f7f736b652e95896dfaa0900", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What happened to Damar Hamlin to cause speculation about his death?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "On January 11, 2023", "source_url": "https://www.cbs19.tv/article/sports/nfl/bills/damar-hamlin-released-from-buffalo-hospital-bills-sports-nfl-community/71-2fa2954f-1aa2-4d03-a344-2af0cef83494", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was Damar Hamlin released from the hospital?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://www.cbssports.com/nfl/players/2250213/damar-hamlin/splits/", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "CBS Sports statistics show that Damar Hamlin played his position in the 2024-2025 NFL season"}], "question": "Did Damar Hamlin play his safety position during the 2024-2025 season?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://www.buffalo.edu/ub-speakers/speakers/hamlin.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Hamlin will appear on March 13, 2025 in the University of Buffalo's Distinguished Speaker Series. Hamlin also continues his charitable work. Notably, Hamlin established the Heroes Scholarship in Cincinnati, honoring the medical workers pivotal to his recovery. This scholarship not only pays tribute to their dedication but also supports the next generation of healthcare heroes.\n\nHamlin and the foundation extend their impact through various initiatives, including football clinics, back-to-school drives, the annual toy drive, Thanksgiving drives, and health and wellness programs. These efforts reflect Hamlin's commitment to fostering positive change in communities."}], "question": "Does Damar Hamlin have any appearances scheduled in the off-season?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "Damar Hamlin suffered a cardiac arrest during a game, which caused speculation surrounding his death. However, he was released from the hospital on January 11, 2023 and has been playing in the 2024-2025 season.", "claim_text": "Buffalo Bills safety Damar Hamlin is dead", "claim_images": ["67a94c6378ffc1b9fb72a9aa#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "American Boro @america_boro", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230227232130/https://twitter.com/american_boro/status/1617420679741145088?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw", "reporting_source": "Twitter/X", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted"], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240721215705/https://newschecker.in/fact-check/wrestlers-protest-not-called-off-photo-shared-in-false-context/", "date": "2023-05-06", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67aa795b78ffc1b9fb740484#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "April 29, 2023 in the Hindustan Times", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240718130724/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/wrestlers-protest-bajrang-punia-delhi-police-wfi-chief-brij-bhushan-power-water-cut-at-jantar-mantar-101682733011343.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67aa795b78ffc1b9fb740484#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Electricity was cut off at the wrestlers\u2019 protest site but Bajrang Punia, Vinesh Phogat, and Sakshi Malik had earlier asserted that protests will continue until WFI chief Brij Bhushan Sharan Singh is arrested..", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240718130724/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/wrestlers-protest-bajrang-punia-delhi-police-wfi-chief-brij-bhushan-power-water-cut-at-jantar-mantar-101682733011343.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the context of the image published by the Hindustan Times on April 29, 2023?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230522023835/https://twitter.com/Phogat_Vinesh/status/1655118187250212864", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Vinesh Phogat tweeted a photograph on May 7, 2023 from the protest site with the caption \"Injustice prevails only till voice of justice is not raised. #IStandWithMyChampions #WrestlersProtest #WeWantJustice"}], "question": "Is there evidence that the wrestlers' protest continued?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://archive.ph/B00eW", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "An article dated May 7, 2023 in the Hindustan Times stated, \"Security has been beefed up at Delhi\u2019s Jantar Mantar amid farmers and Samyukta Kisan Morcha\u2019s planned nationwide protests in support of the protesting grapplers. Several leaders of the SKM from Punjab, Haryana, Delhi and Uttar Pradesh are expected to visit the protest site at Jantar Mantar.\u201d "}], "question": "Did reports from media suggest that the wrestlers had left the site?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The image used in the claim was taken on April 29, 2023 after the electricity was cut off at the wrestlers\u2019 protest site. However, Bajrang Punia, Vinesh Phogat, and Sakshi Malik had earlier asserted that the protests would continue until Singh was arrested. A May 7, 2023 Twitter post from Vinesh Phogat confirmed that the protest was still ongoing.", "claim_text": "A May 6, 2023 photo shows wrestlers Bajrang Punia and Vinesh Phogat calling off the protest against BJP leader Brij Bhushan Sharan Singh", "claim_images": ["67aa795b78ffc1b9fb740484#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@Lohia_Krishna_", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://archive.ph/vWHmK/847fcd3ef87783ebc0187ff865c2203f4ea20c83.jpg", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.ph/vWHmK", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240301222538/https://factly.in/an-old-lok-adalat-order-is-being-circulated-as-recent-and-generalized-court-ruling/", "date": "2023-05-26", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67aa7d8678ffc1b9fb7410a7#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "December 23, 2013", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=471938779583444&set=a.102181403225852&type=3", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the original image published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/lok-adalat-orders-man-to-spend-equal-time-with-wife-and-livein-partner/article5411359.ece", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The ruling, which was the result of an alternative dispute redressal mechanism filed by the wife, pertained to a specific man, his wife, and his live-in partner. The ruling did not set a precedent that is binding on any other case."}], "question": "Was the court ruling binding across India?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The image used in the claim was first published in 2013 and relates to a ruling which pertained to a specific man, his wife, and his live-in partner. The ruling did not set a precedent across India and only applied to one specific case that occurred 10 years prior to the claim, so the claim is refuted.", "claim_text": "A 2023 Indian court ruling allows both the wife and girlfriend to cohabit in the same house", "claim_images": ["67aa7d8678ffc1b9fb7410a7#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "", "transcription": "\u0905\u092c \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0918\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0939 \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0917\u0940 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0932\u092b\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0921 \u092d\u0940 : \u0915\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f; \u092d\u0917\u0935\u093e\u0928 \u091c\u091c \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u092e\u094d\u0930 \u0932\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0947 \u0964", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery", "Keyword Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240424131212/https://www.thequint.com/news/webqoof/old-image-viral-as-secret-meeting-between-congress-and-bjp-leaders-fact-check", "date": "2023-01-16", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67aa806278ffc1b9fb7416c6#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "August 11, 2021 by APB News", "source_url": "https://www.abplive.com/photo-gallery/news/india-photos-pm-modi-amit-shah-sonia-gandhi-and-others-meet-lok-sabha-speaker-om-birla-1952554", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67aa806278ffc1b9fb7416c6#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "Top leaders from different political parties met the Lok Sabha speaker in his official chamber after the lower house was adjourned sine dine. PM Modi, Amit Shah and Sonia Gandhi met Om Birla", "source_url": "https://www.abplive.com/photo-gallery/news/india-photos-pm-modi-amit-shah-sonia-gandhi-and-others-meet-lok-sabha-speaker-om-birla-1952554", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the context of the image published by APB News on August 11, 2021?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The photo used in the claim was published in a news article in 2021, 2 years before the claim states it was taken and the meeting shown was not a secret.", "claim_text": "A 2023 photo shows a secret meeting between the Bharatiya Janata and Congress parties", "claim_images": ["67aa806278ffc1b9fb7416c6#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@TanveerPost", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://archive.is/oA3L9/eb543ae83d51dd845053c7e7c2c6e79d6d43cb6a.jpg", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.is/oA3L9", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Media Source Discovery"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240117093307/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.33787HY", "date": "2023-01-15", "label": "Refuted", "location": "NP", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67aa854978ffc1b9fb742310#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "September 28, 2012 by Reuters in Kathmandu", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/7HP7-DKME", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67aa854978ffc1b9fb742310#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "March 12, 2018 by the Associated Press in Kathmandu", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/8D2L-74MP", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "[CLAIM_IMG_0] was first published in 2012. [CLAIM_IMG_1] was first published in 2018. Since both images originated before the Yeti airline crash in 2023, the claim is refuted.", "claim_text": "Photo shows the site of the Yeti Airline crash in Nepal in 2023.", "claim_images": ["67aa854978ffc1b9fb742310#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67aa854978ffc1b9fb742310#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Yoyarlay", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://archive.ph/Jzhfc/bbac2c22a55d48fa882482631dbe05d96bbf408f.jpg", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.ph/Jzhfc", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240623190206/https://en.youturn.in/factcheck/p-chidambaram-touching-jayalalithaas-feet.html", "date": "2017-10-31", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67aa88f378ffc1b9fb742939#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "September 13, 2005", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230327201147/http://tamilnadupolitics.blogspot.com/2005/09/tamil-nadu-ministers-falling-at.html?m=1", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67aa88f378ffc1b9fb742939#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230327201147/http://tamilnadupolitics.blogspot.com/2005/09/tamil-nadu-ministers-falling-at.html?m=1", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Minister ThambiDurai \u2013 Tmail nadu minister falling at Jayalalithas feet"}], "question": "Is the image published on September 13, 2005 captioned?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The person touching the feet of Jayalithaa in the image is Minister Thambi Dura, a Tamil Nadu minister, not P. Chidabaram.", "claim_text": "Photo shows P. Chidabaram touching Jayalalithaa\u2019s feet. ", "claim_images": ["67aa88f378ffc1b9fb742939#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@sujitnair90", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://pbs.twimg.com/media/DNfC4ZDU8AA4qZm?format=jpg&name=medium", "original_claim_url": "https://x.com/sujitnair90/status/925422526494253056?s=46&t=kIszbQH_arRSG8kPbuGeZw", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery", "Fact-checker Reference"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240613080912/https://www.thequint.com/news/webqoof/british-government-did-not-confer-title-of-mahatma-to-mk-gandhi-fact-check", "date": "2023-01-03", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "According to a journal by author SR Mehrotra, Pranjivan Mehta wrote a letter to Gopal Krishna Gokhale on 8 November 1909 and referred to Gandhi as a Mahatma.\n\n", "source_url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-the-royal-asiatic-society/article/abs/mahatma-and-the-doctor-the-untold-story-of-dr-pranjivan-mehta-gandhis-greatest-friend-and-benefactor-18641932-by-s-r-mehrotra-pp-xi-660-mumbai-vakils-feffer-and-simons-pvt-ltd-2014/AACF8CC021275F200851099853F390EB", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the earliest instance of Gandhi being referred to as Mahatma?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67aa8ff278ffc1b9fb742f6a#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://archive.is/3ivfq", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The Congress provincial government issed the memorandum referring to Gandhi as Mahatma, not the British government."}], "question": "Does the memorandum in the image indicate it was issued by the British government?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/it-was-tagore-who-gave-mahatma-title-to-gandhi-guj-hc-309623-1999-11-29", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "On February 20, 2016, to end the confusion created by the answer key of an exam held by a Rajkot local body, the Gujarat High Court declared that it was Rabindranath Tagore who gave the title of 'Mahatma' to Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi.\nJustice JB Pardiwala, while disposing of a petition, said that all school textbooks give the credit for the Mahatma title of Gandhi to Tagore."}], "question": "Has there been a determination made by the Indian government regarding Gandhi being called Mahatma?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The memorandum in the image was issued by the Congress provincial government, not the British government. The British government did not confer (give) the title of \"Mahatma\" to Gandhi, he was first referred to as Mahatma in a 1909 letter and in 2016 the the Gujarat High Court in India declared that it was Rabindranath Tagore who gave the title of 'Mahatma' to Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi.", "claim_text": "The British government conferred the title of 'Mahatma' to Mahatma Gandhi in 1938.", "claim_images": ["67aa8ff278ffc1b9fb742f6a#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@rishibagree", "transcription": "An office order of the Congress government in the Central Provinces in 1938, instructing all (and especially British) officials, to henceforth refer to Gandhi as 'Mahatma.", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240714015553/https://www.thequint.com/news/webqoof/crowd-outside-bank-of-baroda-branch-shutting-account-adani-group-fact-check", "date": "2023-02-26", "label": "Refuted", "location": "AE", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67aa95b978ffc1b9fb7435a1#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://x.com/bankofbaroda/status/1629831450177736704", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "On February 26, 2023, the same day as the viral post, the Bank of Baroda announced that it had decided to close its Al Ain branch in 2022 and that any customers who wished to close their accounts should do so before March 22, 2023; otherwise, their accounts would be transferred to the Abu Dhabi  branch in the UAE. The statement further implored customers not to believe misleading and false information on social media."}], "question": "Did the Bank of Baroda make any statement about its Al Ain branch in the UAE?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67aa95b978ffc1b9fb7435a1#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/search/Bank+of+Baroda+near+Al+Ain+-+Abu+Dhabi+-+United+Arab+Emirates/@24.212188,55.7509094,14.37z?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI1MDIwNS4xIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_medium": "Image/graphic", "boolean_explanation": "The branch in the image is the Al Ain branch which Google Maps shows is permanently closed. The street view shows an identical building and surroundings."}], "question": "Is the Bank of Baroda branch in the image the Al Ain branch?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The image does show customers at the Bank of Baroda Al Ain branch closing their accounts, however the bank clarified that this was a corporate decision to close and that false information surrounding the closure was circulating on social media. There is no evidence that the banks CEO made a statement supporting Adani, and the customers shown in the image were closing their accounts if they did not wish to transfer to a different branch, so the claim is refuted.", "claim_text": "A photo dated February 26, 2023 shows Bank of Baroda Al Ain branch customers in the UAE are closing their accounts following the bank CEO's statement supporting Adani in the Hindenburg matter", "claim_images": ["67aa95b978ffc1b9fb7435a1#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@rajivtango", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://archive.is/Xb1K0/b010e5cc040987c63b142c0782f7cc279750d5b9.jpg", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.is/Xb1K0", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery", "Keyword Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240904080938/https://newschecker.in/fact-check/ludhiana-polices-free-ride-initiative-for-women-passed-off-as-maharashtra-govt-scheme/", "date": "2023-04-22", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67aa992678ffc1b9fb7441fc#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://www.hindustantimes.com/chandigarh/police-launch-free-night-pick-and-drop-for-women-in-ludhiana/story-kflDgQlGeq3vh63ggAUnAP.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "On December 1, 2019, the Hinustan Times reported that \"the Ludhiana police have launched a free night pick-and-drop facility for women.\""}], "question": "Did any news sources announce the free service to the public?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The two helpline numbers  - 1091 and 78320 - are of of Ludhiana police only.\n", "source_url": "https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ludhiana/home-drop-helplines-for-women-go-viral-get-over-3000-calls/articleshow/72375274.cms", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Were the helpline numbers strictly for Ludhiana or for all parts of Maharashtra?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "A ride service for women was offered by the Ludhiana police department, but this was not a nationwide service offered by the Maharashtra government, so the claim is refuted.", "claim_text": "Maharashtra government launches free night drops for women. ", "claim_images": ["67aa992678ffc1b9fb7441fc#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@VNReddyOfficial", "transcription": "Maharashtra Govt's New Decision Police Order Maharashtra Police has launched Free Ride Scheme Where there is no vehicle available for women to go home alone between 10 pm to 6 am, Women Can Call Police Helpline number (1091 or 7837018555) and ask for a vehicle. This number will be operational 24x7. Control room vehicle or nearby PCR vehicle/SHO vehicle will come and drop her safely at her home. This will be done free of charge.", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230428104252im_/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FuVdk-6aQAIOhkW?format=jpg&name=large", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230428104252/https://twitter.com/VNReddyOfficial/status/1649827834389753857", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Keyword Search", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Others"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230923145025/https://newsmobile.in/articles/2023/02/17/fact-check-will-government-release-a-coin-to-commemorate-ntrs-100th-birthday-heres-the-truth/", "date": "2023-02-15", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/100-coin-featuring-nt-rama-rao-to-be-released-on-his-birth-centenary/article66513496.ece", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "\"The Government of India Mint will roll out a commemorative \u20b9100 silver coin featuring the image of the former Chief Minister N. T. Rama Rao on the occasion of his centenary birth anniversary on May 28[, 2023]. "}], "question": "Did the Indian government announce a silver coin to be released on former Chief Minister N. T. Rama Rao's centenary?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67aa9d2f78ffc1b9fb744837#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.idlebrain.com/nricommunity/tagdv40thanniversary-celebrations.html#google_vignette", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "\"On the 90th Birthday of Dr.Nandamuri Taraka Rama Rao, Golden Line LLC and Basavatarakam Trust introduced a special coin on NTR. Sri Nandamuri Balakrishna released the coin and the first coin purchased by Mr. Tagore Guthikonda and 50% of the proceedings will go to Basawatarakam Cancer Hospital Trust.\" The coin was gold."}], "question": "Is the coin in the image the coin that was released on May 28, 2023?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The Indian government did announce that a silver coin would be released to commemorate N.T. Rama Rao on his centenary birth anniversary, but the coin shown in the image was released by Golden Line LLC and Basavatarakam Trust and is not the coin released by the government so the claim is refuted.", "claim_text": "The Indian Central Government will release a silver coin to commemorate Nandamuri Taraka Rama Rao's 100th birthday", "claim_images": ["67aa9d2f78ffc1b9fb744837#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Khadar Vali", "transcription": "VISWA VIKHYATA NATA PADMASRI DR. NANDAMURI TARAKA RAMA RAO", "media_source": "https://scontent-lga3-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/331082389_5791746837613373_2783028214722963068_n.jpg?_nc_cat=103&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=833d8c&_nc_ohc=Ueq4fW7yFgQQ7kNvgEI7NHC&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-lga3-1.xx&_nc_gid=AVsBujAp32AzMNejUY4AJnz&oh=00_AYD1mCgNRruq4eEJsd0enpaXhci8GiG5vQ8QSzZhCPKVZA&oe=679C85F7", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=3388693898073030&id=100007973599429", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery", "Keyword Search", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240229190810/https://www.thequint.com/news/webqoof/old-letter-dr-devi-shetty-5-percent-service-tax-healthcare-viral-as-recent", "date": "2023-02-25", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67aa9f6878ffc1b9fb7451f1#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "March, 2011", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240722073632/https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/others/axe-the-misery-tax/articleshow/21664838.cms", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the letter by Dr. Shetty originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241104012707/https://www.thequint.com/news/india/union-budget-2022-highlights-finance-minister-nirmala-sitharaman-speech", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "No evidence has been found of an intent to increase the tax in 2023."}], "question": "Were any increases in the tax planned for 2023?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.financialexpress.com/archive/no-misery-5-service-tax-on-healthcare-goes/766117/", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Finance minister Pranab Mukherjee rolled back the controversial 5% service tax"}], "question": "Was the tax implemented in 2011?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The letter shown in [CLAIM_IMG_0] is outdated, it was written in 2011 and there was no increase of tax on healthcare services in 2023.", "claim_text": "Dr Devi Shetty has written a letter against the implementation of 5% service tax on healthcare services in 2023. ", "claim_images": ["67aa9f6878ffc1b9fb7451f1#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@mishra_surjya", "transcription": "A Letter to the Aam Aadmi About Misery Tax Dear Friends, You are probably not aware that the Central Government has proposed a 5% service tax on healthcare in the recent budget. What are its implications? If you undergo any heart surgery, you must pay Rs.5,000 to 10,000 or more as service tax. If you are unfortunate and suffer from cancer, then you will be charged anywhere in excess of Rs.20,000 as service tax. Do not be misled by the Government's justification that only air-conditioned hospital", "media_source": "https://archive.is/oGa9i/23c5481447771c7cd938d3eca4376da9a70c7015.jpg", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.is/oGa9i", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Media Source Discovery"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240712120643/https://srilanka.factcrescendo.com/english/artworks-of-graphic-designers-being-spread-as-actual-kasippu-cans-in-sl/", "date": "2023-02-10", "label": "Refuted", "location": "LK", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67aaa52e78ffc1b9fb745e81#INPUT#0#0.jpg", "67aaa52e78ffc1b9fb745e81#INPUT#0#1.jpg", "67aaa52e78ffc1b9fb745e81#INPUT#0#2.jpg", "67aaa52e78ffc1b9fb745e81#INPUT#0#3.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "February 11, 2023 on Facebook", "source_url": "https://www.awesomescreenshot.com/image/37004690?key=5f1ff78b7311cfe2e148bbab3c82c8db", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When were the images originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67aaa52e78ffc1b9fb745e81#INPUT#1#0.jpg", "67aaa52e78ffc1b9fb745e81#INPUT#1#1.jpg", "67aaa52e78ffc1b9fb745e81#INPUT#1#2.jpg", "67aaa52e78ffc1b9fb745e81#INPUT#1#3.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.awesomescreenshot.com/image/36988440?key=bc78ba7d0d636b56179eb3f6971e580e", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "They are the artwork of Damsith Thennakone, who also creates the same labels on wine bottles."}], "question": "Are the cans pictured in the Facebook post on February 11, 2023 real Kasippu liquor cans?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The cans pictured in the claim are not real Kasippu cans that are for sale, they are the artwork of Damsith Thennakone.", "claim_text": "Kasippu cans for sale in Sri Lanka.", "claim_images": ["67aaa52e78ffc1b9fb745e81#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67aaa52e78ffc1b9fb745e81#CLAIM#1.jpg", "67aaa52e78ffc1b9fb745e81#CLAIM#2.jpg", "67aaa52e78ffc1b9fb745e81#CLAIM#3.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Tony De Livera", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://awesomescreenshot.s3.amazonaws.com/image/2070308/37004690-9001c84ed0a0a6ce0f23e04dbed27aae.png?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIAJSCJQ2NM3XLFPVKA%2F20250127%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20250127T010702Z&X-Amz-Expires=28800&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=80d62f3bc45fe4dabf78f6f02c93c23b2d68ab697e62dea0e733477b8b511130", "original_claim_url": "https://www.awesomescreenshot.com/image/37004690?key=5f1ff78b7311cfe2e148bbab3c82c8db", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Media Source Discovery"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20231127082923/https://factly.in/fox-news-did-not-rank-narendra-modi-as-the-second-most-corrupt-prime-minister-in-the-world/", "date": "2023-03-19", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67aaa9bb78ffc1b9fb7464ce#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "July 9, 2017 by Fox News Point on Twitter", "source_url": "https://x.com/foxnewspoint/status/884071751172333568", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the list of corrupt prime ministers originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240228113903/http://foxnewspoint.com/", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Fox News Point had no affiliation whatsoever with Fox News. Fox News Point is no longer available on the internet."}], "question": "Is Fox News Point the same as or affiliated with Fox News?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The list pictured was published by Fox News Point in 2017, which has no affiliation with Fox News so the claim is refuted.", "claim_text": "Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi ranked second among the top 10 most corrupt Prime Ministers list released by Fox News.", "claim_images": ["67aaa9bb78ffc1b9fb7464ce#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Deepu Gowdru / \u0ca6\u0cc0\u0caa\u0cc1 \u0c97\u0ccc\u0ca1\u0ccd\u0cb0\u0cc1", "transcription": "faxnewspoint.com Top 10 Most Corrupt Prime Minister in the World 2017 Rank Name Country 1 Nawaz Sharif Pakistan 2 Narendra Modi India 3 Vladimir Putin Russia 4 Shinzo Abe Japanese 5 Dmitry Medvedev Russian 6 David Cameron United Kingdom", "media_source": "https://scontent-lga3-3.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/336754581_1272326676967705_2485317511545370712_n.jpg?_nc_cat=104&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=833d8c&_nc_ohc=7Br3f-hlACwQ7kNvgGP4dhw&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-lga3-3.xx&_nc_gid=AXJxIkTJ9T__EUYSJT2S5o2&oh=00_AYAYYzIb1EWGYELdvbrm4mb_knpdD0np6ZUr4avKkWvVBw&oe=679CAF84", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230328131827/https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=229290166282160&set=a.185113727366471", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Quote Verification"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Keyword Search", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230330040247/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.32L6376", "date": "2022-09-30", "label": "Refuted", "location": "RU", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67aaad5378ffc1b9fb746cb0#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "On April 25, 2019 in a YouTube video by Singapore-based Channel NewsAsia", "source_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nJlbS_Psre4", "source_medium": "Video"}], "question": "When was the image first published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "North Korean leader Kim Jong Un and Russian President Vladimir Putin vowed to seek closer ties as they met face-to-face on April 25, 2019 for the first time.", "source_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nJlbS_Psre4", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What was the occasion of the visit on April 25, 2019 between Kim Jong Un and Vladimir Putin?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The image shows Kim Jong Un meeting with Putin in 2019, not 2022 so the claim is refuted.", "claim_text": "North Korean leader Kim Jong Un visited Putin in Moscow in 2022.", "claim_images": ["67aaad5378ffc1b9fb746cb0#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@Anka1982Z", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://archive.ph/61N9O/4d25e89b413b353ee24c73f3962bfd8336e0ce94.jpg", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221110192315/https://archive.ph/61N9O", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search", "Image Analysis", "Video Analysis", "Fact-checker Reference"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240804152331/https://www.aap.com.au/factcheck/no-a-baby-stealing-fake-nurse-is-not-on-the-run/", "date": "2022-08-14", "label": "Refuted", "location": "AU", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67aab4ea78ffc1b9fb7473a8#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "July 15, 2022 by the Riverside County Sheriff's Department in connection with an alleged attempted kidnapping incident at the Riverside University Health System Medical Center on July 14, 2022", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220720210215/https://www.riversidesheriff.org/CivicAlerts.aspx?aid=3575&utm_source=dlvr.it&utm_medium=twitter", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67aab4ea78ffc1b9fb7473a8#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "August 25, 2021 on Twitter \nFiscal\u00eda del Estado de Jalisco in connect with an amber alert in Mexico.", "source_url": "https://x.com/FiscaliaJal/status/1430746392872509445?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E1430746392872509445%7Ctwgr%5E7eb272d67b2a578134b4daad8d4385e7438a32bb%7Ctwcon%5Es1_&ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.periodicocentral.mx%2F2021%2Fpagina-negra%2Ftragedias%2Fitem%2F15124-encuentran-recien-nacida-robada-hospital-jalisco", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The image of the child [CLAIM_IMG_0] was published in connection with an amber alert in Mexico in 2021, a year before the claim date. The person in [CLAIM_IMG_2] was charged with an attempted kidnapping at a hospital in July of 2022, a month before the claim date. Since the images were published and associated with events before the claim date, the claim is refuted.", "claim_text": "In August, 2022 a woman impersonated a nurse, stole a newborn baby from a hospital, and is now on the run.", "claim_images": ["67aab4ea78ffc1b9fb7473a8#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67aab4ea78ffc1b9fb7473a8#CLAIM#1.jpg", "67aab4ea78ffc1b9fb7473a8#CLAIM#2.jpg", "67aab4ea78ffc1b9fb7473a8#CLAIM#3.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20231204001254/https://www.aap.com.au/factcheck/post-deeply-wrong-about-rate-of-rising-sea-level/", "date": "2022-09-03", "label": "Refuted", "location": "AU", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "Experts distinguish between regional and global sea level changes. Global sea level is driven by thermal expansion of oceans and can more easily be measured.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230703132814/https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1517056113", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "How do experts define sea level changes?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "Over the past 3,000 years, the global mean sea level was mostly stable before accelerating at the end of the 19th century.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230703132814/https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1517056113", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Has the global sea level remained stable?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has found the global sea level has risen between 21 and 24 centimeters since 1880. \u201cThe rate of global sea level rise is accelerating: it has more than doubled from 0.06 inches (1.4 millimetres) per year throughout most of the twentieth century to 0.14 inches (3.6 millimetres) per year from 2006\u20132015,\u201d NOAA says on its website.", "source_url": "https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-global-sea-level", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What has been the amount of rise in the sea level since the end of the 19th century?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230902093814/https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_Chapter09.pdf", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) also found global sea level was rising.\n\nIn chapter nine of its 2021 report, the IPCC stated the global mean sea level increased 3.7mm per year between 2006 and 2018 compared to an average of 2.3mm per year between 1971 and 2018 (page 1216)."}], "question": "Has any scientific world body confirmed NOAA's determination about sea rise?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has found the global sea level has risen between 21 and 24 centimeters since 1880. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) also found global sea level was rising, with a mean increase of 3.7mm per year between 2006 and 2018 compared to an average of 2.3mm per year between 1971 and 2018. Therefore, the claim that there has been no increase in the rate of sea level rise is refuted.", "claim_text": "There has been no increase in the rate of sea level rise.", "claim_images": ["67ab68f678ffc1b9fb7615ad#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Kevin Sims", "transcription": "The impact on sea levels of global warming to date has paled in comparison to local factors. Juneau, Alaska Grand Isle, Louisiana The Battery, New York Stockholm, Sweden Helsinki, Finland Honolulu, Hawaii", "media_source": "https://archive.ph/N6jhJ/f43d4e301bad1c795ff2f65f465536fdc3a836e5.jpg", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.ph/N6jhJ", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Media Source Discovery"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted", "Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context", "Others"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250115064342/https://factcheckhub.com/claim-that-this-photo-shows-lagos-deputy-governors-son-at-obidient-rally-is-false/", "date": "2022-10-01", "label": "Refuted", "location": "NG", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67ab6b4478ffc1b9fb761fa0#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/100064441879510/posts/pfbid02NspusjSqPd3AdH1nLH9VutGgoDJyCxQ9g5UKShqYkzxLyWFrMv8out7wA91MQQekl/", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "A statement was issued from the Lagos State Government account which read, in part: \"Attention of the Office of the Deputy Governor of Lagos State, has been drawn to an online picture of an individual captioned \u201c The Lagos State Deputy Governor\u2019s son Femi Hamzat, joins the obidient rally in support of Peter Obi\u201d which has gone viral on the social media.\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the gentleman in the displayed photograph is neither the Deputy Governor's son nor his relative.\""}], "question": "Did Deputy Governor Hamzat comment on the social media posts regarding the photo of his son at the Obidient movement?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67ab6b4478ffc1b9fb761fa0#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Unanswerable", "answer_text": "No answer could be found."}], "question": "Who is the man in the photo?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "According to Deputy Governor Hazmat, the man in the image is neither his son nor his relative. Also, the man in the image cannot be identified, so the claim is refuted.", "claim_text": "The son of Obafemi Hamzat, the deputy governor of Lagos state, participated in the Lagos rally organized by supporters of Peter Obi, the Labour Party\u2019s presidential candidate. ", "claim_images": ["67ab6b4478ffc1b9fb761fa0#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@ecezeoke1", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://archive.ph/xfINn/296f33caa63dc0551d2e52449a54c4b8f8cfa42c.jpg", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.ph/xfINn", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted", "Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240803032214/https://www.aap.com.au/factcheck/claims-covid-tests-invented-before-virus-emerged-are-patently-wrong/", "date": "2022-06-23", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67ab705478ffc1b9fb762607#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The red box highlights a list of five broad patent applications that were filed between 2015 - 2019 for collecting and transmitting biometric data, filed by their inventor, Richard A. Rothschild. The submissions are listed as application numbers 62240783, 15293211, 15495485, 16273141, 16704844 in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240811062717/https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/61/a3/0d/3d91325d909386/US20200279585A1.pdf", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the information inside the red box in the image show?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67ab705478ffc1b9fb762607#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The five 2015-2019 applications are listed on a May 17, 2020 patent application for a \"System and Method for Testing for COVID-19\u201d which was filed by Richard A. Rothschild.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240811062717/https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/61/a3/0d/3d91325d909386/US20200279585A1.pdf", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the document on which the five applications in the red box are listed?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67ab705478ffc1b9fb762607#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240811062717/https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/61/a3/0d/3d91325d909386/US20200279585A1.pdf", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The five applications filed previous to the 2020 application concerned only biometric data collection.  When Covid-19 emerged, the methods described in the five applications became useful for that particular disease and, consequently, were mentioned on the 2020 application. "}], "question": "Do the five applications filed between 2015-2019 mention Covid?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "[CLAIM_IMG_0] shows a patent application from 2020. The five patent applications highlighted in the image were filed between 2015-2019 related to biometric data, and are not Covid-19 diagnostic tests. When Covid-19 emerged, the methods described in the five applications became useful for that particular disease and they were listed on the Sep 3. 2020 application titled \"\"System and Method for Testing for COVID-19\u201d", "claim_text": "COVID-19 diagnostic tests were patented in 2015, years before the disease was officially discovered.", "claim_images": ["67ab705478ffc1b9fb762607#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Wendy Maggs", "transcription": "ATOMIC BOMBSHELL: ROTHSCHILDS PATENTED COVID-19 BIOMETRIC TESTS IN 2015. AND 2017", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230322163540if_/https://www-media.aap.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/07111356/COVIDtest.png", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230322163540/https://www-media.aap.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/07111356/COVIDtest.png", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Media Source Discovery"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250115064806/https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2022/12/fact-check-world-cup-german-teams-plane-not-banned-from-landing-in-qatar.html", "date": "2022-11-21", "label": "Refuted", "location": "QA", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67ab792978ffc1b9fb762df8#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The airline Lufthansa did. They stated, \"We are proud to be departing with the German national team DFB in our special A330 - The aircraft will be sporting a special livery that sends a clear message to the world: Diversity Wins! \n\nWe stand for openness, tolerance, diversity and bringing people together. Our company enables customers from all nations and cultures to connect, and welcomes everyone aboard, regardless of gender, age, ethnicity, religion, nationality, identity or sexual orientation. \n\nNow we are taking this same message - That Diversity Wins! - aloft and and around the world, through the special \"Fanhansa\" livery which it has devised together with illustrator Peter Phobia.\" ", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221211220721/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GQSRbN1spWI", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who applied the diversity mural to the Lufthansa plane carrying the German National World Cup team?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67ab792978ffc1b9fb762df8#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.gettyimages.no/detail/news-photo/germanys-nationalteam-pose-for-a-photo-prior-to-departure-news-photo/1441470478", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Germany Depart For Pre World Cup Training Camp In Oman\nFRANKFURT AM MAIN, GERMANY - NOVEMBER 14: Germany's national team posed for a photo prior to departure for the Pre World Cup Training camp in Oman at Frankfurt International Airport on November 14, 2022 in Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Germany will stay in Muscat, Oman for a training camp before they travel on to Qatar for the FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022. (Photo by Christian Kaspar-Bartke/Getty Images)"}], "question": "Did the Lufthansa flight with the diversity mural carrying the German National World Cup team fly to Qatar?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67ab792978ffc1b9fb762df8#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250120203735/https://www.dfb.de/nachhaltigkeit/gemeinschaft", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The German National World Cup team flew from Oman to Qatar on a regional flight."}], "question": "Did the German National World Cup team fly on to Qatar from Oman in the Lufthansa plane with the diversity mural?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The Lufthansa airline added the diversity mural seen in [CLAIM_IMG_0] to the plane that flew the German National Team to Oman for training. The team later took a different plane on a regional flight to Qatar.", "claim_text": "World Cup German National Team's plane was banned from landing in Qatar for FIFA because of its diversity logo, mural.", "claim_images": ["67ab792978ffc1b9fb762df8#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67ab792978ffc1b9fb762df8#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "", "transcription": "Qatar refuses to receive the German national team's plane, which bears the g@y logo, which forced them to return the plane to the airport of the Sultanate of Oman, and it was replaced by another plane that did not bear any logo. I am not partial to this country, and I do not know anyone in it, and I have not visited it before, but honestly, hats off in respect for this Muslim country. Qatar is making history Qatar is the pride of the Arabs", "media_source": "https://www.instagram.com/p/ClOc8YxOIpk/?ig_rid=72726ae9-06a6-458a-b455-fe32b0d8cda0", "original_claim_url": "https://www.instagram.com/p/ClOc8YxOIpk/?ig_rid=72726ae9-06a6-458a-b455-fe32b0d8cda0", "reporting_source": "Instagram", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230307092438/https://newsmobile.in/articles/2023/03/03/fact-check-six-year-old-news-of-drunk-bhagwant-mann-viral-with-misleading-claims/", "date": "2023-03-03", "label": "Refuted", "location": "", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67ab7cad78ffc1b9fb76374d#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "January 30, 2017 on Facebook by BJP Punjab", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/BJP4Punjab/photos/a.541857555998330/628586870658731/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67ab7cad78ffc1b9fb76374d#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://x.com/pbhushan1/status/825934655522168834", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "A tweet by Prashant Bhushan from January 30, 2017 criticised Mann for being drunk in his own party meeting."}], "question": "Does the image show Punjab CM Bhagwant Mann drunk?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67ab7cad78ffc1b9fb76374d#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The image is a six-year-old clipping from 2017 and has no connection to recent events like the arrest of Manish Sisodia."}], "question": "What is the actual source of the viral image of Bhagwant Mann?", "answer_method": "Image Analysis", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "He was criticized for allegedly appearing drunk at a party meeting, which led to criticism of his stance on drugs in Punjab.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230307092438/https://twitter.com/pbhushan1/status/825934655522168834", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Why was Bhagwant Mann criticized in 2017?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is refuted by the evidence. The image is misused. The image was originally published January 30, 2017 on Facebook by BJP Punjab and has no relation to  Manish Sisodia's February, 2023 arrest.", "claim_text": "An image shows Punjab CM Bhagwant Mann expressing his grief over Manish Sisodia's February, 2023 arrest by getting drunk", "claim_images": ["67ab7cad78ffc1b9fb76374d#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "", "reporting_source": "", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Keyword Search", "Fact-checker Reference"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted"], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241225015035/https://www.altnews.in/crowds-queueing-up-at-bank-of-baroda-al-ain-branch-uae-to-close-their-accounts-after-adani-statement/", "date": "2023-02-25", "label": "Refuted", "location": "AE", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67ab7fab78ffc1b9fb763dc2#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://x.com/bankofbaroda/status/1629831450177736704", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "On February 26, 2023, the same day as the viral image was published, the Bank of Baroda issued a statement saying that a decision to close the Al Ain branch had been made in 2022 and that customers had been advised that if they did not want their accounts to be transferred to the Abu Dhabi branch, they should close their accounts. The statement also urged customers not to believe misleading and false information on social media."}], "question": "Did the Bank of Baroda comment on the status of the Al Ain branch on February 26, 2023?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67ab7fab78ffc1b9fb763dc2#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://www.google.com/maps/search/al+Ain+bank+of+baroda/@24.2224891,55.7590201,16z/data=!3m1!4b1?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI1MDIwOS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D", "source_medium": "Image/graphic", "boolean_explanation": "Google Maps shows the Al Ain branch marked \"permanently closed\" and a street view confirms that it is the same building and surroundings as in the image."}], "question": "Is there evidence that the Al Ain branch of Bank of Baroda actually closed?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The image shows customers outside of the Al Ain branch of Bank of Baroda in 2022 to close their accounts due to the branch closure, unrelated to anything the CEO said about Adani companies so the claim is refuted.", "claim_text": "An image dated February 26, 2023 shows customers of the Al Ain branch of Bank of Baroda lined up to close their accounts because the CEO said the bank would continue to fund Adani companies", "claim_images": ["67ab7fab78ffc1b9fb763dc2#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Tasil; Rajiv Tyagi", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241225015035im_/https://i0.wp.com/www.altnews.in/hindi/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2023/02/Screenshot-2023-02-27-163932.jpg?resize=810%2C1185&ssl=1", "original_claim_url": "", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Causal Claim", "Position Statement", "Quote Verification", "Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted"], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240405104547/https://www.thequint.com/news/webqoof/malabar-gold-muslim-girl-scholarship-fact-check", "date": "2023-01-19", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67ab86ca78ffc1b9fb764ac8#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "Malabar Charitable Trust is a trust set up by Malabar Gold and Diamonds.", "source_url": "https://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay?newsID=939889", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is Malabar Charitable Trust as shown in the image behind the girls?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67ab86ca78ffc1b9fb764ac8#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "As a part of CSR initiative of Education & Women Empowerment program - Scholarship distribution to deserving Higher Secondary and Degree College Girl students by Malabar Gold & Diamonds. Since its inception in 1993, Malabar Group has been active in the field of CSR by giving back to the society, especially to the needy people. It sets aside a portion of the annual profits for CSR activities and our initiatives are directed towards enabling communities through various projects in the area of Education, Health, Woman Empowerment, Environmental protection and Housing development for less privileged.", "source_url": "https://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay?newsID=939889", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does Malabar Gold and Diamonds use the Malabar Charitable Trust to do?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "Malabar Gold created the Malabar Charitable Trust which serves communities through various projects in the area of Education, Health, Woman Empowerment, and more. The Education & Women Empowerment program distributes scholarships to deserving Higher Secondary and Degree College Girl students, not just Muslim girls so the claim is refuted.", "claim_text": "A photo is evidence that Malabar Gold awards scholarships only to Muslim girls", "claim_images": ["67ab86ca78ffc1b9fb764ac8#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "S Jana", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/YESSJANA/posts/pfbid02UPZ1XLGBDceZ5yrXAFoU94mqhUFjoevfbGhszJtdcKAHMB9Ua5EZNipNq7WSzs9nl", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Position Statement", "Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted"], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240228235027/https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2023/05/fact-check-target-store-shown-in-photo-was-not-looted-in-response-to-right-wing-boycott-it-was-in-2020.html", "date": "2023-05-26", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67ab89a178ffc1b9fb76514b#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "May 28, 2020 in MailOnline", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240626164958/https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-8366775/Cop-kneeled-George-Floyd-beat-shot-black-man-domestic-violence-call-2008.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67ab89a178ffc1b9fb76514b#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The article that contains the image concerns the murder of George Floyd in Minneapolis, Minnesota.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240626164958/https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-8366775/Cop-kneeled-George-Floyd-beat-shot-black-man-domestic-violence-call-2008.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What was the context of the image published on May 28, 2020 by MailOnline?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The image was first published in 2020, so it cannot show a protest that happened three years later in 2023.", "claim_text": " Leftist activists looted a Target to protest the 2023 right-wing boycott of Target.", "claim_images": ["67ab89a178ffc1b9fb76514b#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@jack54039880", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://i.dailymail.co.uk/1s/2020/05/28/20/28943646-8366073-image-m-99_1590693447763.jpg", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230530152905/https://twitter.com/jack54039880/status/1662230650550616066", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Causal Claim", "Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240930133931/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.33GB8AK", "date": "2023-05-25", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67ab8c5d78ffc1b9fb7657d2#INPUT#0#0.jpg", "67ab8c5d78ffc1b9fb7657d2#INPUT#0#1.jpg", "67ab8c5d78ffc1b9fb7657d2#INPUT#0#2.jpg", "67ab8c5d78ffc1b9fb7657d2#INPUT#0#3.jpg", "67ab8c5d78ffc1b9fb7657d2#INPUT#0#4.jpg", "67ab8c5d78ffc1b9fb7657d2#INPUT#0#5.jpg", "67ab8c5d78ffc1b9fb7657d2#INPUT#0#6.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "A company named Abprallen designed the pins and apparel", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/Y9EL-9G7D", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who designed the pins and apparel in the images?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/CQ69-NVXK", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Abprallen marketed a tote, a messenger bag, and a sweatshirt with Target. All of the items were Pride-themed."}], "question": "Did Abprallen ever market its products with Target?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "A company named Abprallen designed the Satan-themed merchandise. While Abprallen marketed a tote, a messenger bag, and a sweatshirt with Target, the items were Pride-themed and not the items pictured, which were not sold at Target stores.", "claim_text": "Target sold Satan-themed merchandise with phrases like \"Satan respects pronouns.\"", "claim_images": ["67ab8c5d78ffc1b9fb7657d2#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67ab8c5d78ffc1b9fb7657d2#CLAIM#1.jpg", "67ab8c5d78ffc1b9fb7657d2#CLAIM#2.jpg", "67ab8c5d78ffc1b9fb7657d2#CLAIM#3.jpg", "67ab8c5d78ffc1b9fb7657d2#CLAIM#4.jpg", "67ab8c5d78ffc1b9fb7657d2#CLAIM#5.jpg", "67ab8c5d78ffc1b9fb7657d2#CLAIM#6.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@aaronjhill", "transcription": "Satan respects pronouns", "media_source": "https://archive.is/2qs6e/afd206919c207938fcbbf85bdea3e14685352041.jpg", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240930133931/https://archive.is/2qs6e", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted", "Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240909084213/https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2023/05/fact-check-ron-desantis-is-not-selling-a-make-america-florida-hat-its-being-sold-by-separate-website.html", "date": "2023-05-23", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67ab8fa178ffc1b9fb768110#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://secure.winred.com/desantis/storefront/", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The hat in the image is not listed in the official online shop of \"DeSantis for President\""}], "question": "Is the hat in the image an item listed in the official online shop of \"DeSantis for President\"?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67ab8fa178ffc1b9fb768110#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The seller of the \"Make America Florida\" hat in the image was an online shop called Make America Florida which is now out of business.", "source_url": "https://makeamericaflorida.shop/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who was the seller of the \"Make America Florida\" hat in the image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The hat shown in [CLAIM_IMG_0] is not associated with the official online shop of \"DeSantis for President\" so the claim is refuted.", "claim_text": "Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis is selling a \"Make America Florida\" hat.", "claim_images": ["67ab8fa178ffc1b9fb768110#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Max Propayne III", "transcription": "DESANTIS 2024 MAKE AMERICA FLORIDA", "media_source": "https://leadstories.com/e15ce5cc3f2ec40c0e79864f4a577c423c445f5a.png", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240909084213/http://web.archive.org/web/20230523210407/https://twitter.com/jags24asare/status/1661081932535414784", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230929233955/https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/cute-white-bats/", "date": "2023-05-31", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230608140831/https://academic.oup.com/jmammal/article/100/2/299/5378721?login=false", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Some species of white bats do exist. Other white bats can form through genetic mutations that cause albinism."}], "question": "Do real white bats exist in nature?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67ab918678ffc1b9fb76879f#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://archive.ph/VKo20", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "They are photos of stuffed, white bats made with wire and felt that are sold on Etsy"}], "question": "Do the bats in the image depict a species of white or albino bat?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "Although some species of white bats exist, the image shows stuffed toy white bats made with wire and felt, not real creatures.", "claim_text": "This image of white bats that look like Pomeranians with wings depicts real creatures.", "claim_images": ["67ab918678ffc1b9fb76879f#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "I Love The Weekend", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://i.etsystatic.com/9164746/r/il/67753e/5152753913/il_794xN.5152753913_tv1x.jpg", "original_claim_url": "", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240420081441/https://en.youturn.in/factcheck/george-soros-was-not-a-nazi-officer-this-lie-has-been-around-for-many-years.html", "date": "2018-07-10", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67c74aad35531374f6be23f9#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The false meme shows a photo of a young Gr\u00f6ning in his SS uniform and erroneously identifies the man as George Soros.", "source_url": "https://www.factcheck.org/2018/10/viral-meme-misidentifies-nazi-guard-as-soros/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is the man in a photo?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Soros was born in Hungary in 1930, according to his Open Society Foundations, and lived through the Nazi occupation. His website notes that Soros\u2019 \u201cown Jewish family survived by securing false identity papers, concealing their backgrounds, and helping others do the same.\u201d", "source_url": "https://www.factcheck.org/2018/10/viral-meme-misidentifies-nazi-guard-as-soros/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Was George Soros a nazi?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The man in the image is not George Soros, his last name is Gr\u00f6ning. There is no evidence that supports George Soros being a Nazi officer, he was born in Hungary in 1930 and had Jewish family.", "claim_text": "George Soros was a Nazi officer.", "claim_images": ["67c74aad35531374f6be23f9#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Louie Suzara", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://x.com/dsrtvet/status/1016554377367056385", "original_claim_url": "https://x.com/dsrtvet/status/1016554377367056385", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Reverse Image Search", "Fact-checker Reference"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241210042328/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.33BJ444", "date": "2023-03-15", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67c7543535531374f6be5d4c#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The image was taken circa 1900.", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/3XTN-N4KN?type=image", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image that says 1898 taken?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67c7543535531374f6be5d4c#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The earliest iteration of the picture AFP found online appeared in a 2012 blog post about sightseeing in New York City.", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/VY2A-UVSR", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image supposedly dated 2017 taken?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/2ABM-QUJB", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "NOAA data dating back to 1856 indicate relative sea levels in lower Manhattan have risen by about 2.9 millimeters per year on average. That is equivalent to nearly one foot in a century, according to the US agency."}], "question": "Has the sea level changed in lower Manhattan?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67c7543535531374f6be5d4c#INPUT#3#0.jpg", "67c7543535531374f6be5d4c#INPUT#3#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Walker told AFP comparing the photos shared online is misleading in part because \"we don't know when during the tidal cycles they were taken.\"\n\n\"The daily tides in the New York Harbor are more than five feet every day,\" she said March 16.", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/NK67-KWPF", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Why the sea level seems the same in the pictures taken 100 years apart?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "Data shows that relative sea levels in lower Manhattan have risen by about 2.9 millimeters per year on average, about one foot in a century. Comparing the images in the claim cannot accurately show global rise in sea levels because the tidal cycles when the photos are taken is unknown.", "claim_text": "The pictures of the Statue of Liberty taken 120 years apart are evidence against the global rise in sea levels.\n", "claim_images": ["67c7543535531374f6be5d4c#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67c7543535531374f6be5d4c#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Dr. Anastasia Maria Loupis", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230414153940/https://archive.is/AtwCm", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230414153940/https://archive.is/AtwCm", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Numerical Comparison", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240803101355/https://www.thequint.com/news/webqoof/hairdryer-iron-used-to-dry-pitch-csk-vs-gt-ipl-2023-fact-check", "date": "2023-05-29", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67c7563435531374f6be5f3a#INPUT#0#0.jpg", "67c7563435531374f6be5f3a#INPUT#0#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "06 Jan 2020 12:46 am", "source_url": "https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/sports-news-ind-vs-sl-1st-t20i-worlds-richest-cricket-board-uses-hair-dryer-and-steam-iron-angry-fans-slam-bcci/345232", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When were the images first published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related", "Metadata-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67c7563435531374f6be5f3a#INPUT#1#0.jpg", "67c7563435531374f6be5f3a#INPUT#1#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The first T20I between India and Sri Lanka in Guwahati was eventually called off.", "source_url": "https://www.thequint.com/sports/sports-buzz/hair-dryer-steam-iron-used-to-dry-guwahati-pitch-twitter-reactions", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where were the images taken?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The images used in the claim were taken in 2020, at the T20I between India and Sri Lanka not at teh 2023 IPL finals so the claim is refuted.", "claim_text": "India's Board of Control for Cricket used hairdryers and electric irons to dry a cricket pitch during the 2023 IPL finals at Ahmedabad's Narendra Modi stadium", "claim_images": ["67c7563435531374f6be5f3a#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67c7563435531374f6be5f3a#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "SportsT24 Official", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240413182050/https://en.youturn.in/factcheck/crime-committed-by-a-hindu-pinned-on-a-muslim-man.html", "date": "2023-02-10", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67c76e3f35531374f6be7f9c#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The man in the image is Mohit Saini s/o Moolchand Saini, a resident of Mohalla Andawali Road Saini Nagar, Meerut.", "source_url": "https://www.aajtak.in/crime/news/story/girl-bit-off-young-man-lip-with-her-teeth-in-meerut-when-he-tried-to-kiss-forcibly-rape-attempt-lcln-1630884-2023-02-06", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is the man in the image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67c76e3f35531374f6be7f9c#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://hindi.news18.com/news/uttar-pradesh/meerut-man-tries-to-rape-a-woman-in-meerut-lips-chewed-while-trying-to-kiss-5333993.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The accused is not a Muslim but a Hindu. "}], "question": "Is the man in the photo a Muslim?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The man in the image was accused of the crime, but he is misidentified, his name is Mohit Saini and is Hindu not Muslim.", "claim_text": "An image of a person with torn lip is Mohammad Israr, a Muslim who got his lips bitten off when he tried to forcibly kiss a woman working in a field in Meerut, and was arrested later.", "claim_images": ["67c76e3f35531374f6be7f9c#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@premptyagi1949", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://x.com/premtyagi1949/status/1624030248995291137/photo/1", "original_claim_url": "https://x.com/premtyagi1949/status/1624030248995291137/photo/1", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230313000533/https://newsmobile.in/articles/2023/02/23/fact-check-does-this-image-show-indira-gandhi-wearing-a-burqa-heres-the-truth/", "date": "2023-02-17", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67c77bbc35531374f6be9086#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "\u201cPrime Minister Indira Gandhi along with her grandson little Rahul, in the arms of his mother Sonia, poses for a photograph at her residence in New Delhi on May 09, 1971\u201d. ", "source_url": "https://www.timescontent.com/tss/showcase/preview-buy/130506/Feature/Indira-Gandhi-Sonia-Rahul.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the image show?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67c77bbc35531374f6be9086#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.timescontent.com/tss/showcase/preview-buy/130506/Feature/Indira-Gandhi-Sonia-Rahul.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": " One can clearly see her head covering\u2019s pattern mirrors the design of her saree overall. \n\n The viral image does not show Indira Gandhi wearing a burqa, but she has tied the \u2018pallu\u2019 of her saree on her head."}], "question": "Is Indira Gandhi wearing a burqa and hijab in the image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The image in the claim is a picture of Indira Gandhi, however analysis of the original image shows her head covering has the same pattern of her saree, and she is not wearing a burqa or hijab but has tied the 'palllu' of her saree on her head. ", "claim_text": "An image shows Indira Gandhi wearing a burqa and hijab", "claim_images": ["67c77bbc35531374f6be9086#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "BJP HOSUR", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://www.facebook.com/login/?next=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fhosur123%2Fposts%2F739473594414024", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/login/?next=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fhosur123%2Fposts%2F739473594414024", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": [], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240619082028/https://factly.in/a-cg-character-from-the-dumbo-movie-is-falsely-shared-as-the-most-beautiful-elephant-in-the-world/", "date": "2023-03-08", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67c77e9935531374f6be96a8#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Image", "source_url": "https://www.imdb.com/title/tt3861390/mediaviewer/rm3588648448?ref_=ttmi_mi_all_pos_56", "source_medium": "Image/graphic", "image_answers": ["67c77e9935531374f6be96a8#ANSWER#0#0#0.jpg"]}], "question": "What does the image show?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67c77e9935531374f6be96a8#INPUT#1#0.jpg", "67c77e9935531374f6be96a8#INPUT#1#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "A CG character from the \u2018Dumbo\u2019 movie is falsely shared as the most beautiful elephant in the world.\n\n", "source_url": "https://www.imdb.com/title/tt3861390/mediaviewer/rm3588648448?ref_=ttmi_mi_all_pos_56", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Is the elephant in the image real?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related", "Commonsense-related"]}], "justification": "The elephant seen on the left in [CLAIM_IMG_0] is taken from the poster for the Disney movie \"Dumbo.\" It is not a real elephant, it is an animated character named \"Dumbo\" so the claim is refuted.", "claim_text": "A photo shows Ando, the most beautiful elephant in the world", "claim_images": ["67c77e9935531374f6be96a8#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "", "transcription": "Meet Ando The Most Beautiful Elephant In The World", "media_source": "https://www.facebook.com/login/?next=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fphoto%2F%3Ffbid%3D564735395618501%26set%3Dgm.923633721985789%26idorvanity%3D609197800096051", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/login/?next=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fphoto%2F%3Ffbid%3D564735395618501%26set%3Dgm.923633721985789%26idorvanity%3D609197800096051", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Media Source Discovery", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240623164909/https://en.youturn.in/factcheck/not-an-old-photo-of-bangladeshi-freedom-fighters.html", "date": "2023-02-27", "label": "Refuted", "location": "BD", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67c7831535531374f6be9bc6#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Bangladeshi women posing with guns in a village, 1965.", "source_url": "https://yesterdaytoday.net/2022/04/08/50-amazing-vintage-photos-from-the-1960s-volume-6/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the original photo taken?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67c7831535531374f6be9bc6#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "NewsBangla24 Youtube channel uploaded a video related to the viral image in March 2021. The video titled \u201cthe viral picture of four women is not of the liberation war. Story of a Viral Photo\u201d is an interview with Rifat Ahmed, daughter-in-law of Rokeya Ahmed, one of the women in the photo.", "source_url": "https://www.youtube.com/@NewsBangla24tube/search?query=March%202021.%20", "source_medium": "Video"}], "question": "Are the women in the photo Bangladeshi freedom fighters?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67c7831535531374f6be9bc6#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "No, they were members of a wealthy family, and the image was taken in the early 1960s.  \n", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240623164909/https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10163973488570510&set=a.10161497422900510&type=3&mibextid=cr9u03", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Were the women in the photo Bangladeshi freedom fighters?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67c7831535531374f6be9bc6#INPUT#3#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "No, the recreation happened in 2017 at a family wedding, not during the Bangladesh Liberation War."}], "question": "Was the recreated image taken in 1971?", "answer_method": "Image Analysis", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The women in the photo were not Bangladeshi freedom fighters. The image is from the early 1960s, and the recreated photo was taken in 2017, not during the Bangladesh Liberation War. Therefore, the claim is false.", "claim_text": "A collage of an old photo and a recreated one show four women who were Bangladeshi freedom fighters", "claim_images": ["67c7831535531374f6be9bc6#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67c7831535531374f6be9bc6#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "K J Singh", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://twitter.com/kjsingh2/status/1640280805208469507?s=46&t=kIszbQH_arRSG8kPbuGeZw", "original_claim_url": "https://twitter.com/kjsingh2/status/1640280805208469507?s=46&t=kIszbQH_arRSG8kPbuGeZw", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted", "Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241010064046/https://www.boomlive.in/fact-check/pakistan-grave-necrophilia-rape-locked-cage-hyderabad-21833", "date": "2023-04-26", "label": "Refuted", "location": "PK", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67c7882f35531374f6bea1f4#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The grave is located in in Hyderabad, India.", "source_url": "https://x.com/iamsalmansallu/status/1652680592100847617?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where is the grave in the image located?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67c7882f35531374f6bea1f4#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The padlock was put by family members of the dead to prevent others from further burying in the same grave.\n\n", "source_url": "https://twitter.com/warispathan/status/1652654774062313472", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Why there is a padlock on the grave?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The image shows a grave in Hyderabad, India. The padlock was placed to prevent others from further burying in the same grave not to prevent necrophilia, so the claim is refuted.\n", "claim_text": "A photo shows that Pakistani parents locked their daughter's grave to avoid her corpse falling prey to necrophilia", "claim_images": ["67c7882f35531374f6bea1f4#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@TheHarrisSultan", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230430052303/https://twitter.com/TheHarrisSultan/status/1651190252395180035", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230430052303/https://twitter.com/TheHarrisSultan/status/1651190252395180035", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Reverse Image Search", "Keyword Search", "Geolocation", "Fact-checker Reference"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240617210911/https://www.altnews.in/no-akhilesh-yadav-is-not-seen-with-atiq-ahmed-murder-accused-in-viral-photo/", "date": "2023-04-15", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67c85e3a35531374f6bfd645#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://indianexpress.com/article/india/atiq-ahmed-shot-dead-live-updates-ashraf-prayagraj-uttar-pradesh-yogi-adityanath-8558588/", "source_medium": "Image/graphic", "boolean_explanation": "While comparing the photograph of the Atiq Ahmed murder-accused taken by the Prayagraj Police (taken from the Indian Express report of April 17, 2023) with that of Rajkumar Yadav, we noticed that Rajkumar did not remotely resemble any of the three.\n\n"}], "question": "Are the two persons in a photo with Samajwadi Party leader Akhilesh Yadav the murderers of Atiq Ahmed?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67c85e3a35531374f6bfd645#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": " Indian Youth Congress president of Madhya Pradesh Dr. Vikrant Bhuria said, \u201dHe is Rajkumar Yadav, district president of Sehore Youth Congress. He has nothing to do with the case.\u201d", "source_url": "https://twitter.com/VikrantBhuria", "source_medium": "Other"}], "question": "Who is one of the people in the photo, that is claimed to feature the murderers of Atiq Ahmed?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The people in the photo with Akhilesh Yadav are not the murderers of Atiq Ahmed. One of the people can be identified as Rajkumar Yadav, who has nothing to do with a murder case.", "claim_text": "Two persons in a photo with Samajwadi Party leader Akhilesh Yadav are the murderers of Atiq Ahmed, suggesting that Akhilesh shares blame by association", "claim_images": ["67c85e3a35531374f6bfd645#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@socialninzaa", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://archive.ph/GcKvB", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.ph/GcKvB", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Reverse Image Search", "Keyword Search", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240407102914/https://www.thequint.com/news/webqoof/old-photograph-of-deepika-padukone-viral-amid-boycott-pathaan-fact-check", "date": "2023-01-05", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67c8639735531374f6bffdda#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "May 18, 2019 08:31 IST", "source_url": "https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/deepika-padukone-cannes-film-festival-2019-day-four-looks-photos-5733387/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the picture first published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related", "Metadata-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Pathaan, starring Deepika Padukone and Shah Rukh Khan, is scheduled to release on December 25, 2022. ", "source_url": "https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/right-wing-body-demands-ban-on-srks-latest-movie-pathaan-8331755/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When did the movie Pathaan come out?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The image was published in 2019, 3 years before the release of Pathaan in 2022 so it cannot show Padukone mocking the movie trend since the image was taken before the movie was released.", "claim_text": "Bollywood actress Deepika Padukone posed in saffron shoes to mock the \"Boycott Pathaan\" movie trend", "claim_images": ["67c8639735531374f6bffdda#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Sunil Garg", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://perma.cc/4E9E-5N5J", "original_claim_url": "https://perma.cc/4E9E-5N5J", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Causal Claim", "Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240914202608/https://newschecker.in/fact-check/photo-of-1818-bhima-koregaon-battle-soldier-is-actually-of-zulu-prince/", "date": "2023-01-02", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67c8670f35531374f6c030af#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Prince Ndabuko kaMpande, (younger brother of King Cetshwayo kaMpande, who was the king of the Zulu Kingdom from 1873 to 1879 and its leader during the Anglo-Zulu War of 1879)", "source_url": "https://www.alamy.com/prince-ndabuko-kampande-younger-brother-of-king-cetshwayo-kampande-who-was-the-king-of-the-zulu-kingdom-from-1873-to-1879-and-its-leader-during-the-anglo-zulu-war-of-1879-image233560317.html?imageid=804114C6-DE42-46D1-AD7E-1CB9EBC25A79&p=56342&pn=1&searchId=0872e6eeccd6703bfb89e163f8655f25&searchtype=0", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is the man in the image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67c8670f35531374f6c030af#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Date\tcirca 1875", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cetshwayo-c1875.jpg", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the photo taken?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The photo shows Prince Ndabuko kaMpande, and the photo was taken circa 1875. He is the younger brother of King Cetshwayo kaMpande, who was king of the Zulu Kingdom from 1873 to 1879 during the Anglo-Zulu War. He has no connection to the 1818 Bhima-Koregaon battle, so the claim is refuted.", "claim_text": "A photo shows a soldier who fought the 1818 Bhima-Koregaon battle against the Peshwa Brahmin soldiers", "claim_images": ["67c8670f35531374f6c030af#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@vikasmedian", "transcription": "From Hindi:  \u201cA photo of a Mahar soldier who showed his courage in the battle of Bhima-Koregaon, obtained from the diary of Davy Jones, advisor to the then East India Company.\u201d", "media_source": "https://x.com/vikasmedian/status/1609779780467163137", "original_claim_url": "https://x.com/vikasmedian/status/1609779780467163137", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240910183216/https://www.thequint.com/news/webqoof/samajwadi-party-akhilesh-yadav-atiq-ahmed-killing-accused-fact-check", "date": "2023-04-19", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The three people accused of killing Atiq and Ashraf Ahmed were identified as Lavlesh Tiwari (22), Mohit alias Shani Purane (23) and Arun Kumar Maurya (18) in an FIR by the Uttar Pradesh Police.", "source_url": "https://www.thequint.com/news/india/lavlesh-tiwari-arun-maurya-sunny-singh-who-are-atiq-ahmed-attackers", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who are the three people accused of killing of Atiq and Ashraf Ahmed?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67c86ca335531374f6c09e2d#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The Quint\u2019s Madhya Pradesh reporter identified one of the two people as Sehore IYC President Rajkumar Yadav and the other as former Dewas councillor Vikram Patel from Madhya Pradesh.", "source_url": "www.thequint.com", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who are the two men in the photo?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "Atiq Ahmed was fatally shot by Lavlesh Tiwari (22), Mohit alias Shani Purane (23) and Arun Kumar Maurya (18). The people circled in [CLAIM_IMG_0] are Rajkumar Yadav and Vikram Patel, so the claim is refuted.", "claim_text": "A photo shows Samajwadi Party leader Akhilesh Yadav with two of the three people who fatally shot Atiq Ahmed and his brother Ashraf", "claim_images": ["67c86ca335531374f6c09e2d#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Anil Pandya", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://perma.cc/G45P-D9CU", "original_claim_url": "https://perma.cc/G45P-D9CU", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Reverse Image Search", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240909180016/https://factly.in/old-photo-of-sunny-leones-kochi-rally-shared-as-sea-of-people-gathered-at-pm-modis-kochi-roadshow/", "date": "2023-04-26", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67c8725735531374f6c119a8#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "August 17, 2017.\n\n", "source_url": "https://x.com/SunnyLeone/status/898110975722872833", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the photo taken?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67c8725735531374f6c119a8#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "Bollywood actress Sunny Leone visited Kochi to inaugurate a mobile phone store in August 2017, and a huge crowd gathered there to get a glimpse of her. ", "source_url": "https://x.com/SunnyLeone/status/898110975722872833", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the photo show?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The image in the claim was taken in 2017, and shows a huge crowd that gathered in Kochi for actress Sunny Leone, not Prime Minister Modi's visit in 2023 so the claim is refuted.", "claim_text": "A photo showing a white car surrounded by a massive crowd of people was taken during Prime Minister Narendra Modi's Kochi visit in April, 2023", "claim_images": ["67c8725735531374f6c119a8#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@kurukshetra77", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230425062935/https://twitter.com/kurukshetra77/status/1650715997794607105", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230425062935/https://twitter.com/kurukshetra77/status/1650715997794607105", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20231016102345/https://www.thequint.com/news/webqoof/a-tomb-of-priest-found-at-giza-falsely-shared-as-hindu-temple-at-pyramids-fact-check", "date": "2023-04-01", "label": "Refuted", "location": "EG", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67c8729935531374f6c11be2#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "A painting discovered in the tomb of a priest, just 1,000 feet (300 meters) from the Great Pyramid at Giza in Egypt depicts scenes of ancient life.", "source_url": "https://www.nbcnews.com/science/science-news/tomb-painter-ancient-art-found-near-pyramid-giza-n157476", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the image show?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67c8729935531374f6c11be2#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.nbcnews.com/science/science-news/tomb-painter-ancient-art-found-near-pyramid-giza-n157476", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "A wall painting, dating back over 4,300 years, has been discovered in a tomb located just east of the Great Pyramid of Giza."}], "question": "Was the Hindu temple discovered under a pyramid in Egypt?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The image was taken near the Great Pyramid in Egypt, but does not show a Hindu Sun Temple, it shows the tomb of a priest with a wall painting that depicts scenes of ancient life.", "claim_text": "An image shows a Hindu Sun Temple was discovered beneath a pyramid in Egypt", "claim_images": ["67c8729935531374f6c11be2#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240615175856/https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2023/03/fact-check-no-evidence-ukrainian-children-are-being-punished-for-questioning-zelenskyy.html", "date": "2023-02-18", "label": "Refuted", "location": "UA", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67c8a7a335531374f6c28d1f#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The image shows a gypsy girl tied up to a pole as a public pillory for alleged theft.", "source_url": "https://x.com/brechtcastel/status/1509556744648863745?s=20", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the image show?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Unanswerable", "answer_text": "No answer could be found."}], "question": "Are children in Ukraine punished for questioning Zelenskyy?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://www.kmu.gov.ua/en/news/kozhen-khto-povynen-v-zlochynakh-proty-dytynstva-bude-pokaranyi-iuliia-svyrydenko-pro-novi-sanktsii-zaprovadzheni-ukazom-prezydenta", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Sanctions have been imposed against individuals and legal entities involved in the forced transfer, abduction, and deportation of Ukrainian children to the aggressor state, and the transfer of Ukrainian children for adoption to families of Russian citizens."}], "question": "Has Zelenskyy taken any actions to protect children?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim that children in Ukraine are punished for questioning President Zelenskyy is not supported. No credible evidence is found in the responses, and the information provided indicates actions taken by Zelenskyy to protect children from forced transfer and abduction, not punish them for questioning his leadership.", "claim_text": "Children in Ukraine are being punished for questioning Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy", "claim_images": ["67c8a7a335531374f6c28d1f#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@AlternatNews", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://x.com/AlternatNews/status/1626850471322189825", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230316043724/https://twitter.com/AlternatNews/status/1626850471322189825", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Media Source Discovery"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241224093836/https://www.thip.media/health-news-fact-check/fact-check-does-paxlovid-start-working-before-taken/43133/", "date": "2023-02-20", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67c8ad0335531374f6c2bce6#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "it was pubshished on Volume 23, Issue 6, p696-705, June 2023 in The Lancet.", "source_url": "https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(23)00011-7/fulltext", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where and when was the graph originally posted?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67c8ad0335531374f6c2bce6#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(23)00011-7/fulltext", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Day 0, which is the intersection of the X-axis and Y-axis on the graph is the day of the first PCR test. "}], "question": "Does Day 0 on the graph depict the  time when people first took Paxlovid?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The graph seen in [CLAIM_IMG_0] is authentic and was published in the medical journal The Lancet, however Day 0 represents the day of the first PCR test, not the day people first took Paxlovid so it does not prove that Paxlovid starts working before it is taken.", "claim_text": "Paxlovid starts working before it is taken", "claim_images": ["67c8ad0335531374f6c2bce6#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@erin_bsn", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://archive.ph/fHWKr", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241224093836/https://archive.ph/fHWKr", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted", "Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241224093930/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2023/01/24/fact-check-post-wrongly-implies-covid-vaccine-doses-increase-icu-risk/11066142002/", "date": "2023-01-06", "label": "Refuted", "location": "AU", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Unanswerable", "answer_text": "No answer could be found."}], "question": " Is there evidence to support the notion that vaccination increases a person\u2019s chances of hospitalization from COVID-19?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://www.health.nsw.gov.au/Infectious/covid-19/Documents/weekly-covid-overview-20221231.pdf", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "But public health officials and outside experts argue the online claims ignore other factors -- namely old age and chronic health ailments -- that are the true drivers of ICU admissions."}], "question": " Did more patients admitted to the ICU  had either three or more vaccine doses?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://www.health.nsw.gov.au/Infectious/covid-19/Documents/weekly-covid-overview-20221231.pdf", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "People with COVID-19 who are admitted to hospital or ICU are\nadmitted for conditions unrelated to their COVID-19 infection, and these admissions will not be prevented by\nvaccination.\n"}], "question": "Are people admitted to the  ICU for other reasons than COVID-19?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Despite the substantial protection from COVID-19 provided by vaccination, older age remains a significant risk factor for serious illness and death with COVID-19, particularly when combined with significant\nunderlying health conditions.", "source_url": "https://www.health.nsw.gov.au/Infectious/covid-19/Documents/weekly-covid-overview-20221231.pdf", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is most likely to die from COVID-19?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Over 95% of people aged 16 and over in NSW have received two doses of a COVID-19 vaccine, while more than 70% of people eligible for their third dose have received it. ", "source_url": "https://www.health.nsw.gov.au/Infectious/covid-19/Documents/weekly-covid-overview-20221231.pdf", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What percentage of people were vaccinated in Australia?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim that COVID-19 vaccines increase the risk of ICU admission is not supported. While it is true that some ICU patients had received three or more doses, other factors like age and underlying health conditions play a significant role in ICU admissions. Vaccination provides substantial protection against severe illness, including ICU admissions.", "claim_text": "Covid-19 vaccines increase the risk of ICU admittance", "claim_images": ["67c8b52035531374f6c34b4b#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@Humble_Analysis", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://www.instagram.com/p/CnODQSVLWPT/", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230126200240/https://www.instagram.com/p/CnODQSVLWPT/", "reporting_source": "Instagram", "claim_types": ["Causal Claim", "Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240806013127/https://checkyourfact.com/2023/03/09/fact-check-lori-lightfoot-beer/", "date": "2023-03-01", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67c8b9b035531374f6c38af1#INPUT#0#0.jpg", "67c8b9b035531374f6c38af1#INPUT#0#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Oct. 5, 2022", "source_url": "https://www.tiktok.com/@plzego/video/7150886495140810030?q=lori%20lightfoot%20modelos&t=1678134310588", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When were the pictures used in the claim first posted?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related", "Metadata-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "FEB 28, 2023", "source_url": "https://edition.cnn.com/2023/02/28/politics/chicago-mayor-election-results/index.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When did the election that Lori Lightfoot lost take place?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The images used in the claim were posted in October 2022, months before Lori Lightfoot's re-election loss in February 2023.", "claim_text": "An image shows Chicago Mayor Lori Lightfoot purchasing beer following her re-election loss on February 28, 2023", "claim_images": ["67c8b9b035531374f6c38af1#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67c8b9b035531374f6c38af1#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@jamesmurtagh", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=10160138128251328&set=a.10150105277211328", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241226010539/https://www.facebook.com/login/?next=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fphoto%2F%3Ffbid%3D10160138128251328%26set%3Da.10150105277211328", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Media Source Discovery"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230523121328/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.33C46VR", "date": "2022-10-27", "label": "Refuted", "location": "PH", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://archive.is/JVqlk", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": " the FDA told AFP on March 24 that \"Magnesium Salt Spray\" was not registered with the agency. This means it has not been evaluated for quality, safety and efficacy."}], "question": "Can Magnesium Salt Spray  effectively treat vaginal conditions?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://archive.is/dR3H0", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Consumption of such violative products may pose potential danger or injury to health,\" the FDA said in an earlier warning about the product issued in December 2020."}], "question": "Is it safe to use Magnesium Salt Spray for treatment of vaginal diseases?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "Magnesium salt spray is not registered with the FDA, so it has not been evaluated for safety and efficacy. The FDA has also warned against such products, so the claim is refuted.", "claim_text": "A product called Magnesium Salt Spray can effectively treat vaginal conditions", "claim_images": ["67c8bdee35531374f6c3fb67#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Arlene Comia-Lumbis", "transcription": "VAGINAL DISEASES: VAGINITIS, BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS, YEAST INFECTION, Trichomoniasis, Human Papillomavirus (HPV), Genital Herpes, Genital Warts, Gonorrhea, Chlamydia, Vulvodynia, Atrophic Vaginitis \"To women experiencing any of these conditions and are afraid to have them treated due to shame, do not be embarrassed because you are not alone. No matter how early or severe these diseases are, use Magnesium Salt Spray which has helped many with God's mercy, so just shoot us a private message.\"", "media_source": "https://archive.is/eHhcc", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230523121328/https://archive.is/eHhcc", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240620161416/https://en.youturn.in/factcheck/were-bio-toilets-introduced-only-after-2014.html", "date": "2023-03-01", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Bio-toilets were introduced in 2010 ", "source_url": "https://rskr.irimee.in/sites/default/files/Introduction%20to%20Bio_Toilet%20system.pdf", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When were bio-toilets introduced in Indian Railways?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://rskr.irimee.in/sites/default/files/Introduction%20to%20Bio_Toilet%20system.pdf", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The bio-toilets scheme was started by Indian Railways in 2010 under the UPA-II regime."}], "question": "Was the bio-toilet scheme started under Narendra Modi?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "Bio-toilets were introduced in Indian Railways in 2010 under the UPA-II regime, not when the Narendra Modi BJP came to power in 2014. This would have been 4 years after the bio-toilets were introduced, so the claim is refuted.", "claim_text": "Bio-toilets were introduced in the Indian Railways after 2014 when the Narendra Modia led BJP came to power", "claim_images": ["67c8c6a935531374f6c479a0#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67c8c6a935531374f6c479a0#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://x.com/KhorwalAshok1/status/1631911448829104130", "original_claim_url": "", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Keyword Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted", "Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240720053907/https://www.aap.com.au/factcheck/high-tide-claim-sinks-under-weight-of-evidence/", "date": "2023-03-22", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67c8ccc735531374f6c4b610#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "Fri, April 29, 2011", "source_url": "https://disneyparks.disney.go.com/blog/2011/04/disney-wonder-sails-under-the-golden-gate-bridge/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the picture claimed to be taken in 2019 actually taken?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "\u201cThe average rate of sea level rise here (at the Golden Gate Bridge), relative to land, is 1.96mm/year, equivalent to 7.7 inches/100 years (19.6cm).\n\n\u201cFor the 77 years between 1942 and 2019, sea level would have risen 5.9 inches (14.9cm) \u2026 which wouldn\u2019t be discernible on these photographs.\u201d", "source_url": "https://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/sltrends/sltrends_station.shtml?id=9414290", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "How much did the sea level rise between 1942 and 2019?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67c8ccc735531374f6c4b610#INPUT#2#0.jpg", "67c8ccc735531374f6c4b610#INPUT#2#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "Gary B Griggs, Distinguished Professor of Earth Sciences at University of California Santa Cruz said the images in the post are heavily compressed and distorted, and offer little hard evidence on sea levels.\n\n\u201cComparison of two photos like this isn\u2019t particularly meaningful as they are not very clear and there is no way of knowing what stage of the tide they were taken at.\u201d", "source_url": "https://eps.ucsc.edu/faculty/Profiles/fac-only.php?uid=griggs", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Why the comparison of two photos like this isn\u2019t particularly meaningful?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "[CLAIM_IMG_1] states that it was taken in 2019, but it was taken in 2011. The sea level at the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco has risen about 1.96mm/year or 7.7 in/100 years, about 19.6cm. Also, the images used are heavily compressed and distorted, and offer little hard evidence on sea or high tide levels.", "claim_text": "The high tide level in San Francisco hasn't changed in 77 years", "claim_images": ["67c8ccc735531374f6c4b610#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67c8ccc735531374f6c4b610#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "David Maddison", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://archive.is/VaRS4", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240720053907/https://archive.is/VaRS4", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240519181932/https://checkyourfact.com/2023/04/10/fact-check-istanbuls-stairway-demolished-lgbtq/", "date": "2023-03-28", "label": "Refuted", "location": "TR", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67c8d08835531374f6c4bc78#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Istanbul\u2019s famous rainbow stairway, located in the city\u2019s Karakoy neighborhood, was demolished for repairs in 2015.the demolishing of the stairs is part of wider infrastructure work.    ", "source_url": "https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/amp/colorful-stairs-of-gezi-to-be-demolished-in-istanbuls-karakoy-neighborhood-86012", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Why was the rainbow staircase in Istanbul demolished?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The retiree behind the caper, Huseyin Cetinel, 64, told the local news media that his original motivation for applying a fresh coat of paint to the stairs was not activism, but the desire \u201cto make people smile.\u201d ", "source_url": "https://archive.nytimes.com/thelede.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/09/03/with-a-burst-of-color-turkeys-public-walkways-become-a-focus-of-quiet-protest/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Why were the stairs painted in the first place?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The rainbow stairway shown in [CLAIM_IMG_0] was demolished for repairs in 2015, not because it promoted LGBTQ propaganda. The stairs were initially painted not for activism but simply \"to make people smile\" according to the painter.", "claim_text": "Istanbul's famous rainbow stairway is being demolished because it promotes LGBTQ \"propaganda\"", "claim_images": ["67c8d08835531374f6c4bc78#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Dr. Anastasia Maria Loupis", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://x.com/DrLoupis/status/1640661294490476546", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230329013421/https://twitter.com/DrLoupis/status/1640661294490476546", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Geolocation"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": [], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240521111926/https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2023/03/fact-check-no-proof-einstein-said-fear-the-day-technology-will-surpass-human-interaction.html", "date": "2012-01-01", "label": "Not Enough Evidence", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Both versions given by the questioner were in circulation in 2012. For example, in the past, a website called answerbag.com presented a version of the saying in a message with an attached date of October 21, 2012.", "source_url": "https://quoteinvestigator.com/2013/03/19/tech-surpass/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When did the quote \"I fear the day that technology will surpass our human interaction. The world will have a generation of idiots.\" first appear?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Unanswerable", "answer_text": "No answer could be found."}], "question": "Was Albert Einstein the author of the quote?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The quote appears to have started circulating online in 2012, however there is not enough evidence given to determine if Albert Einstein is the author of the quote.", "claim_text": "Albert Einstein said, \"I fear the day that technology will surpass our human interaction. The world will have a generation of idiots.\"", "claim_images": ["67c8d25335531374f6c4bec8#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://www.instagram.com/p/Cnh_pHRrUlS/?ig_rid=044be551-e3d5-4062-b1d2-b3d986f9ccc0", "original_claim_url": "", "reporting_source": "", "claim_types": ["Quote Verification", "Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Consultation", "Keyword Search", "Fact-checker Reference"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": [], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524120050/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.33DD7N2", "date": "2023-04-16", "label": "Refuted", "location": "LK", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67c8dc0d35531374f6c4c388#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "February 26, 2020  \u00b7 \n", "source_url": "https://archive.ph/03gzV", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image first published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "on April 16, 2023", "source_url": "https://archive.ph/PIeFm", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When  did Premadasa allegedly make the announcement?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The image used in the claim cannot show Sajith Premadasa making an announcement about his party in 2023 because it was first published in 2020, 3 years before the claim date.", "claim_text": "Sajith Premadasa announced he and his party, Samagi Jana Balawegaya (SJB), \"will begin a new political journey with the UNP. We will unite and work together with Ranil Wickremesinghe.\"", "claim_images": ["67c8dc0d35531374f6c4c388#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Jagath Kumar", "transcription": "We will begin a new political journey with the UNP. We will unite and work together with Ranil Wickremesinghe.", "media_source": "https://archive.ph/PIeFm", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524120050/https://archive.ph/PIeFm", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Quote Verification", "Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted", "Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230609065126/https://www.rocketcitynow.com/article/news/verify/business-verify/joseph-gentile-former-lehman-brothers-exec-not-involved-in-svb-collapse/536-89448c06-0507-4e94-b469-a68438304701", "date": "2023-03-11", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.svbsecurities.com/team/joseph-gentile/", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Joseph Gentile is the Chief Administrative Officer at SVB Securities."}], "question": "Did Joseph Gentile work for Silicon Valley Bank?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://www.svbsecurities.com/svb-securities-continues-its-independent-operations-unimpeded-by-silicon-valley-banks-receivership-proceedings/", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "SVB Securities Continues its Independent Operations Unimpeded by Silicon Valley Bank\u2019s Receivership Proceedings"}], "question": "Is SVB independent from Silicon Valley Bank?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "Joseph Gentile never worked for Silicon Valley Bank. He is the Chief Administrative Officer at SVB Securities, but this is independent of Silicon Valley Bank.", "claim_text": "Joseph Gentile, a former Lehman Brothers executive, also worked for collapsed Silicon Valley Bank", "claim_images": ["67c9bd0935531374f6c6b3f1#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230311200310/https://twitter.com/GRDecter/status/1634581559213797377", "original_claim_url": "", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted"], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230407094223/https://www.vishvasnews.com/english/viral/fact-check-sheikh-hasina-met-sonia-gandhi-manmohan-singh-during-2019-delhi-visit-pic-being-shared-with-misleading-claim/", "date": "2023-03-28", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67c9bd5435531374f6c6b8e7#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Published: 06 Oct 2019, 2:53 PM", "source_url": "https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/national/sonia-gandhi-manmohan-singh-meet-bangladesh-pm-sheikh-hasina", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image first posted?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Narendra Modi\nsince 26 May 2014"}], "question": "Was Manmohan Singh a Prime Minister in 2019? ", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67c9bd5435531374f6c6b8e7#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/national/sonia-gandhi-manmohan-singh-meet-bangladesh-pm-sheikh-hasina", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Delhi, India"}], "question": "Was the picture taken in Bangladesh?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The image was first published in 2019, and was not taken in Bangladesh, it was taken in Delhi, India. Manmohan Singh was not Prime Minister at the time in 2019, because Narendra Modi has been PM since May 2014.", "claim_text": "A photo showing Bangladesh Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina and Congress leader Sonia Gandhi sitting with Manmohan Singh was taken in Bangladesh while Singh was prime minister ", "claim_images": ["67c9bd5435531374f6c6b8e7#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Himachal News Network", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://www.facebook.com/himachalnewsnetwork/posts/pfbid0AyqEhXqFqBkgPwwH12dY5i4NAM97FUJDf7dVVRVoG51CvXqoAGKwix7juowpsTnfl", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230407094223/https://www.facebook.com/himachalnewsnetwork/posts/pfbid0AyqEhXqFqBkgPwwH12dY5i4NAM97FUJDf7dVVRVoG51CvXqoAGKwix7juowpsTnfl", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Image Analysis", "Video Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230404124121/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2023/03/03/fact-check-false-claim-15-minute-neighborhoods-limit-ottawans-mobility/11383313002/", "date": "2023-01-09", "label": "Refuted", "location": "CA", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The idea for the upcoming housing and commercial development at the site is that \"residents will be within a 15-minute walk from all services, which will be easily and safely accessible,\" Carbonneau told USA TODAY in an email. ", "source_url": "https://brigil.com/contact", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is 15-minute city?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://engage.ottawa.ca/zoning/widgets/119505/team_members", "source_medium": "Other", "boolean_explanation": " None of the new policies will limit residents' mobility throughout the city, according to David Wise, acting director of Economic Development and Long-Range Planning for the city."}], "question": "Will 15-minute cities prevent Ottawans from leaving their neighborhoods?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The \"15-minute neighborhood\" concept is that residents will be a 15-minute walk from any service they may need. They would not limit mobility throughout the area.", "claim_text": "Canada's \"15-minute neighborhoods\" concept will restrict residents' mobility to their area", "claim_images": ["67c9c07735531374f6c6c411#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Heather Rulton", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://archive.org/details/20230302_20230302_2033", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230404124121/https://archive.org/details/20230302_20230302_2033", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Consultation", "Media Source Discovery"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted", "Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230209132740/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.33623DK", "date": "2022-12-11", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67c9c6c035531374f6c6d552#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Mohammad Yunus and Soekarno with Sudirman.", "source_url": "https://archive.ph/eh8ML", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who are the three men in the photo?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67c9c6c035531374f6c6d552#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://archive.ph/eh8ML#selection-1367.0-1367.41", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The photo shows Mohammad Yunus with Dr. Soekarno and General Soedirman on way to Wanosobo - July 1948."}], "question": "Is Abdurrahman Baswedan, the grandfather of former Jakarta governor Anies Baswedan in the photo?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The men in [CLAIM_IMG_0] are Mohammad Yunus, Sukarno/Soekarno, and General Surdiman/Soedirman. Abdurrahman Baswaden is not pictured, so the claim is refuted.", "claim_text": "A photo shows Indonesia's first president Sukarno with Abdurrahman Baswedan,the grandfather of former Jakarta governor Anies Baswedan, and military commander General Sudirman", "claim_images": ["67c9c6c035531374f6c6d552#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Relawan Anies Baswedan Ntb", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://perma.cc/4VRZ-DG4T", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230106054540/https://perma.cc/4VRZ-DG4T", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search", "Keyword Search", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230530112849/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.337C7MJ", "date": "2023-01-16", "label": "Refuted", "location": "CA", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/3AAV-89E3", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The Vancouver Canucks Gino Odjick died Sunday at 52 of a heart attack."}], "question": "Did National Hockey League player Gino Odjick die suddenly from a heart attack?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/C3AQ-ECAX", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The former enforcer for the Vancouver Canucks and other NHL teams said in a 2014 letter that he had \"a rare terminal disease\" known as AL amyloidosis, which attacks the heart and other organs."}], "question": "Was his heart attack due to covid-19 vaccine?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://ncirs.org.au/how-common-are-severe-side-effects-covid-vaccines-and-how-are-they-detected", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The COVID-19 vaccine can cause numerous side effects but heart attack is not on the list. The list includes anaphylaxis, Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome and immune thrombocytopenia. A heart related side effects include Myocarditis (inflammation of the heart muscle) which recover over days or weeks, a small number have more serious disease or prolonged symptoms."}], "question": "Does the COVID-19 vaccine cause heart attacks?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://www.vcuhealth.org/news/covid-19/covid-19-vaccine-and-heart-patients-is-it-safe/", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": " People with cardiovascular risk factors, heart disease, and heart attack and stroke survivors should get vaccinated as soon as possible because they are at much greater risk from the virus than they are from the vaccine."}], "question": "Is the COVID-19 vaccine safe for people who have cardiovascular risk factors?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "Gino Odjick\u2019s heart attack was not related to the COVID-19 vaccine. He had a rare terminal disease, AL amyloidosis, which affects the heart and other organs. Therefore, the claim linking his death to the vaccine is unfounded.", "claim_text": "National Hockey League player Gino Odjick died suddenly from a heart attack related to Covid-19 vaccination", "claim_images": ["67c9d12335531374f6c75b0b#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "James Cintolo", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://perma.cc/TRU4-KZLB", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230120174805/https://perma.cc/TRU4-KZLB", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": [], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241009094602/https://pa.media/blogs/fact-check/jan-van-eycks-1434-painting-the-arnolfini-portrait-remains-on-display-at-the-national-gallery/", "date": "2023-03-31", "label": "Refuted", "location": "GB", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67c9d98c35531374f6c7d667#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "This must be one of the most famous and intriguing paintings in the world. A richly dressed man and woman stand in a private room. They are probably Giovanni di Nicolao di Arnolfini, an Italian merchant working in Bruges, and his wife.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241009094615/https://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/paintings/jan-van-eyck-the-arnolfini-portrait", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the painting show?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "As to the source of the claim, The News Dept article cites RIA FAN, a site which shows its pro-Russian stance with the use of the letter Z at the top of its homepage.", "source_url": "https://thenewsdept.com/trending/244533.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What source originally claimed that The London National Gallery will remove Jan van Eyck's painting The Amolfini Portrait because one of its subjects resembles Vladimir Putin?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2023/04/13/russia-s-war-of-aggression-against-ukraine-wagner-group-and-ria-fan-added-to-the-eu-s-sanctions-list/", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "RIA FAN is part of the Patriot Media Group, a Russian media organisation whose Board of Trustees is headed by Yevgeniy Prigozhin. The news agency is involved in pro-government propaganda and disinformation on Russia\u2019s war of aggression against Ukraine."}], "question": "Is RIA FAN a trustworthy source?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67c9d98c35531374f6c7d667#INPUT#3#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241009094615/https://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/paintings/jan-van-eyck-the-arnolfini-portrait", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "A National Gallery spokeswoman told the PA news agency: \u201cThe painting you refer to is the Portrait of Giovanni(?) Arnolfini and his Wife (The Arnolfini Marriage) by Jan van Eyck (1434) and is currently on display in Room 28.\n\n\u201cThere are no plans to remove this painting from display.\n\n\u201cThere have been no complaints that we are aware of.\u201d\n\n\n"}], "question": "Has the painting been removed from the National Gallery in London?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related", "Image-related"]}], "justification": "The Amolfini Portrait likely shows Giovanni di Nicolao di Arnolfini, an Italian merchant working in Bruges, and his wife. The claim that the painting would be removed due to one of the subjects resembling Vladimir Putin originates from RIA FAN, a pro-Russia news agency associated with pro-government propaganda and disinformation on Russia\u2019s war of aggression against Ukraine. The painting was not removed from the gallery.", "claim_text": "The London National Gallery will remove Jan van Eyck's painting The Amolfini Portrait because one of its subjects resembles Vladimir Putin", "claim_images": ["67c9d98c35531374f6c7d667#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@ricwe123", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://x.com/ricwe123/status/1641752723740557315", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241009101137/https://web.archive.org/web/20230420193925/https://twitter.com/ricwe123/status/1641752723740557315", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Media Source Discovery"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted", "Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230712063926/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.33CK6QM", "date": "2023-03-18", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67c9e7db35531374f6c87e3f#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Import Alert # 99-33\nPublished Date: 05/20/2021\nType: DWPE\nImport Alert Name:\nDetention Without Physical Examination of Products from Japan Due to Radionuclide Contamination", "source_url": "https://archive.ph/vUAGJ", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the image show?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://archive.ph/wmIPh", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "September 2021 Update\nToday FDA is deactivating Import Alert #99-33 (IA) that has targeted certain food products from Japanese prefectures (Japan\u2019s equivalent of a U.S. state) located near the damaged Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant since 2011."}], "question": "Is the alert still active in March, 2023?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The alert shown in [CLAIM_IMG_0] is from May 20, 2021 titled \"Detention Without Physical Examination of Products from Japan Due to Radionuclide Contamination.\" It is not from 2023 as the claim states. The alert was deactivated on September, 2021. ", "claim_text": "The U.S. Food and Drug Administration banned imports of Japanese food in March, 2023 due to nuclear contamination concerns", "claim_images": ["67c9e7db35531374f6c87e3f#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://archive.ph/zM6JP", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230430122649/https://archive.ph/", "reporting_source": "Weibo", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted"], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240917233958/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2023/04/04/fact-check-adrenochrome-kegs-shown-post-art-not-real/11580111002/", "date": "2023-02-25", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67c9f8bf35531374f6c8b115#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "ADRENOCHROME\nby Natalie Lambert @nlnl84\nIntegrated artwork including promo video, installation, ADC altcoin, adrenochrome kegs, and brand website\nWww.adrenochrome.net\nVideo - see @nlnl84 bio\n", "source_url": "https://www.instagram.com/p/BjRaLeFhSmF/?img_index=8", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the image show?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.reuters.com/article/factcheck-heineken-adrenochrome/fact-check-adrenochrome-keg-is-an-art-project-not-a-heineken-barrel-transported-by-shell-idUSL1N35S1G7/", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Lambert told Reuters that the photograph shared online depicts her artwork. \u201cI have no knowledge or relationship to any claims re Shell & Heineken,\u201d she added.\nReuters found no credible media reports to support the claim that Heineken barrels were used to transport the substance or that Shell conveyed them.\nA spokesperson for Heineken told Reuters that the company has \u201cnever been involved in the production, transport or shipment of adrenochrome.\u201d\nShell\u2019s spokesman Jonathan French referred to the claim as \u201ccompletely false\u201d and said adrenochrome \u201cis not and has never been a product\u201d in the company\u2019s chemicals portfolio.\n\u201cHeineken is not and has never been a customer of Shell Trading and Supply, which includes our Distribution Operations and Shipping teams,\u201d he added."}], "question": "Are Heineken and Shell involved in transporting kegs of \"adrenochrome\" worldwide?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The image shows artwork created by Natalie Lambert, which the ADRENOCHROME  kegs were part of. The artist  and artwork has no connection to Shell or Heineken. There is also no evidence that Heineken or Shell transported the barrels shown or produced any\" adrenochrome.\" Spokespersons from both companies denied the claims.", "claim_text": "Heineken and Shell transported kegs of \"adrenochrome\" worldwide", "claim_images": ["67c9f8bf35531374f6c8b115#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Sheena Wood", "transcription": "ADRENOCHROME", "media_source": "https://archive.org/details/20230329_20230329_1934", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240917233958/https://archive.org/details/20230329_20230329_1934", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240806070442/https://fullfact.org/online/hoax-post-facebook-martin-jones/", "date": "2023-04-01", "label": "Refuted", "location": "GB", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67c9fd7d35531374f6c8bd91#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "a man named Vern English from California, who died in 2022. ", "source_url": "https://www.gofundme.com/f/vern-of-verns-taxi-cremation-passing-expenses", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is the man in the picture?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67c9fd7d35531374f6c8bd91#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Created August 6th, 2022\n", "source_url": "https://www.gofundme.com/f/vern-of-verns-taxi-cremation-passing-expenses", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the picture first posted?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The man in the image is not a missing man named Martin Jones. The man pictured is Vern English who died in 2022, a year prior to the claim date.", "claim_text": "A man with dementia named Martin Jones is missing with his dog Baxter", "claim_images": ["67c9fd7d35531374f6c8bd91#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://www.gofundme.com/f/vern-of-verns-taxi-cremation-passing-expenses", "original_claim_url": "", "reporting_source": "Go Fund Me", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240724091724/https://fullfact.org/online/missing-uncle-martin-jones-facebook-hoax/", "date": "2023-03-01", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67ca02b135531374f6c8cd1c#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": " The picture shows Vern English from Sonoma, California.", "source_url": "https://www.gofundme.com/f/avoiding-homelessness-with-two-dogs", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is the man in the picture?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67ca02b135531374f6c8cd1c#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.gofundme.com/f/avoiding-homelessness-with-two-dogs", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "It's a picture of Vern English from Sonoma, California."}], "question": "Does the picture show a man called Martin Jones from England?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The man in the image is not named Martin Jones, he is a man named Vern English. He has not gone missing in England because he is from Sonoma, California.", "claim_text": "A man named Martin Jones has gone missing with his dog in England", "claim_images": ["67ca02b135531374f6c8cd1c#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221103004431/https://www.gofundme.com/f/avoiding-homelessness-with-two-dogs", "original_claim_url": "", "reporting_source": "", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Media Source Discovery", "Fact-checker Reference"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230429194226/https://srilanka.factcrescendo.com/english/false-claim-of-eating-shrimp-and-vitamin-c/", "date": "2012-12-01", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://www.globaltimes.cn/content/750598.shtml", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Many studies, including the one cited here, indicate that the concentration is low, less than one milligram. The report also suggests that it would require the consumption of around one hundred kilograms of shrimp to reach a lethal dose of arsenic trioxide, leading to arsenic poisoning in the human body."}], "question": " Is eating shrimp or prawns with Vitamin C safe?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67ca07a035531374f6c8d90d#INPUT#1#0.jpg", "67ca07a035531374f6c8d90d#INPUT#1#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The photo shows Neda Agha-Soltan, a lady who was shot and died in 2009 during protests in Iran.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230410151012/https://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/23/world/middleeast/23neda.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "The images show a bleeding woman who died from arsenic poisoning?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "Eating shrimp or prawns with Vitamin C is safe. Shrimp do contain a very low concentration of arsenic trioxide, but a person would have to eat up to one hundred kilograms of shrimp to reach a lethal dose and cause poisoning. The images used in the claim show Neda Agha-Soltan, who was shot and killed during 2009 protests in Iran. The images are completely unrelated to the claim.", "claim_text": "Eating shrimp or prawns with Vitamin C can cause sudden death", "claim_images": ["67ca07a035531374f6c8d90d#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67ca07a035531374f6c8d90d#CLAIM#1.jpg", "67ca07a035531374f6c8d90d#CLAIM#2.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://www.awesomescreenshot.com/image/38872318?key=c6bda01c0b8d0785e253dc966025e0a9", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230419134214/https://www.awesomescreenshot.com/image/38872318?key=c6bda01c0b8d0785e253dc966025e0a9", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Media Source Discovery"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230429191825/https://srilanka.factcrescendo.com/english/this-is-not-damitha-abeyaratne-extending-avurudu-wishes-to-mahinda-rajapaksa/", "date": "2023-04-17", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67ca0f5635531374f6c8ea30#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The lady seen in the picture was not Damitha Abeyratne but a lawyer. ", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=772445637580967&set=pcb.772445777580953", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is the woman in the photo?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "actress Damitha also confirmed that she had not visited Mr. Rajapaksa\u2019s premises and greeted him as claimed during the New Year. However, she stated that it\u2019s clearly visible that the woman in the photo is someone else. ", "source_url": "https://srilanka.factcrescendo.com/2023/04/21/this-is-not-damitha-abeyaratne-extending-new-year-wishes-to-mahinda-rajapaksa/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Did  Damitha Abeyratne visit Mr. Rajapaksa\u2019s premises and greeted him as claimed during the the New Year?   ", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The woman seen in [CLAIM_IMG_0] is not actress Damitha Abeyratne, it a lawyer. Abeyratne herself confirmed that she did not visit Rajapaksa during the New Year as claimed.", "claim_text": "A photo shows actress Damitha Abeyratne extending new year wishes to Mahinda Rajapaksa for Avurudu", "claim_images": ["67ca0f5635531374f6c8ea30#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://www.awesomescreenshot.com/image/39164820?key=0aa465ab48720d03b880f2eb7f406521", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230429191826/https://www.awesomescreenshot.com/image/39164820?key=0aa465ab48720d03b880f2eb7f406521", "reporting_source": "WhatsApp", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Consultation", "Media Source Discovery"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230419140850/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.33D23WP", "date": "2023-03-31", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Official data published by Sri Lanka\u2019s central bank show one US dollar was equal to 327.28 Sri Lankan rupees on March 31.", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/QA6Y-V8FY", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What was an exchange rate of one U.S. dollar to Sri Lankan rupees on March 31, 2023.", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67ca1f8f35531374f6c9097f#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Image", "source_url": "https://archive.ph/OePXO", "source_medium": "Image/graphic", "image_answers": ["67ca1f8f35531374f6c9097f#ANSWER#1#0#0.jpg"]}], "question": "What does the image show?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Google disclaimer states, \"Google, its data or content providers, the financial exchanges and each of their affiliates and business partners (A) expressly disclaim the accuracy, adequacy, or completeness of any data and (B) shall not be liable for any errors, omissions or other defects in, delays or interruptions in such data, or for any actions taken in reliance thereon.\"", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230419141010/https://archive.ph/h7eCB", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Does Google guarantee the accuracy of their currency converter?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "According to the UN Operational Rates of Exchange:\n1 Mar 2023 = 360.71\n15 Mar 2023 = 321.27\n1 Apr 2023 = 323.83", "source_url": "https://treasury.un.org/operationalrates/OperationalRates.php", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What were the Sri Lankan Rupee conversion rates for 1 Mar 2023, 15 Mar 2023 and 1 Apr 2023?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The official data shows that on March 31, 2023, one U.S. dollar was equal to 327.28 Sri Lankan rupees, not 236.81 as claimed. Therefore, the claim about the exchange rate is incorrect.", "claim_text": "Google's currency converter showed an exchange rate of one U.S. dollar to 236.81 Sri Lankan rupees on March 31, 2023", "claim_images": ["67ca1f8f35531374f6c9097f#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "", "transcription": "A steep drop up to Rs. 236.81", "media_source": "https://archive.ph/AlXku", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230425062607/https://archive.ph/", "reporting_source": "Google", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Keyword Search", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": [], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240918223220/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2023/04/24/fact-check-earth-oceans-have-topography-arent-contained-ice-wall/11713870002/", "date": "2023-04-20", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/science-research/earth-science/water-energy-cycle/oceanography/just-5-questions-sea-surface-topography/", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "\"Earth\u2019s seas and oceans have high and low points, just like Earth\u2019s continents have hills and valleys,\" reads the agency's website.\"The difference is that sea surface topography is affected by temperature, currents and underwater mountains and trenches.\""}], "question": "Do the Earth's oceans have  topographic features?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2022/12/07/fact-check-roundup-what-scientists-say-flat-earth-evidence/10802218002/", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Antarctica is a continent in the Southern hemisphere. Satellite data shows that it does not extend around the entire Earth. In addition, an ice wall would not be sustainable, Antarctic scientists said. "}], "question": "Are the oceans contained by Antarctica?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "Earth's oceans do have topographic features (high and low points) which are affected by temperature, currents, and underwater mountains. Antarctica is a continent in the Southern hemisphere, and satellite data shows that it does not extend around all the topographic features of the entire Earth.", "claim_text": "The Earth's oceans have no topographic features and they are \"contained\" from all sides by Antarctica", "claim_images": ["67ca24f135531374f6c91b2a#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Flat Earth Research", "transcription": "THE OCEAN ISN'T SPHERICAL", "media_source": "https://archive.org/details/screenshot-4-21-23-facebook-flat-earth-research-4-20-23", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240918223220/https://archive.org/details/screenshot-4-21-23-facebook-flat-earth-research-4-20-23", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Position Statement", "Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Geolocation"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted", "Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241008223031/https://www.newsweek.com/fact-check-was-joe-biden-greeted-empty-streets-northern-ireland-1793879", "date": "2023-04-11", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IE", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Mr Biden arrived in Belfast city centre on Tuesday night April 11, 2023, having been greeted by Mr Sunak as he stepped off Air Force One at Belfast International Airport.", "source_url": "https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-northern-ireland-65208880", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When did Biden arrive in Belfast,NI?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67ca2ea635531374f6c9b474#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "UNITED KINGDOM, BELFAST - NOVEMBER 22 : Peace walls are separation barriers in Nothern Ireland, built to minimize inter-communal violence between Catholics and Protestants. Memorial for the protestants killed in Northern Ireland on November 22, 2014 in Belfast, Northern Ireland. (Photo by fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Soltan/Corbis via Getty Images)", "source_url": "https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/peace-walls-are-separation-barriers-in-nothern-ireland-news-photo/1060594984", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image taken?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "Biden did visit Belfast on April 11, 2023, however the image shown in the claim is dated prior to this event. It shows a peace wall and memorial in Belfast from November 2014.", "claim_text": "President Biden was greeted by empty streets in Ireland during his visit to Belfast on Tuesday, April 11, 2023", "claim_images": ["67ca2ea635531374f6c9b474#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@hewentatthat", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://twitter.com/hewentatthat/status/1645907470504828929", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241008223031/https://twitter.com/hewentatthat/status/1645907470504828929", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": [], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240713101207/https://www.aap.com.au/factcheck/victorian-health-chief-conspiracy-doctors-the-truth/", "date": "2023-01-02", "label": "Refuted", "location": "AU", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Brett-Sutton", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Brett Andrew Sutton\nDepartment of Health, Victoria \u00b7 Communicable Disease Prevention and Control\nM.B.;B.S, MPHTM"}], "question": "Is Victoria\u2019s Chief Health Officer Brett Sutton a real medical doctor?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "A search for Brett Sutton within that database turns up his details under the registration number MED0001644375, with the date of first registration listed as December 13, 1993.", "source_url": "https://www.ahpra.gov.au/About-AHPRA/Who-We-Are.aspx", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When did Brett Sutton get his license?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "Brett Sutton is a real medical doctor at the Department of Health, Victoria. He was registered in 1993.", "claim_text": "Victoria\u2019s Chief Health Officer Brett Sutton is not a real doctor.", "claim_images": ["67ca335435531374f6c9fd5e#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "She ain't right", "transcription": "WHAT DO THESE TWO HAVE IN COMMON? THEY'RE NOT DOCTOR'S BUT THEY PLAY ONE ON TV.", "media_source": "https://www.facebook.com/100064854843810/posts/552667600238397", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230313234654/https://www.facebook.com/100064854843810/posts/552667600238397", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted"], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230208170157/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.32M44FF-6", "date": "2022-10-20", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67cb036c35531374f6cd6b86#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "December 20, 2020 in The Free Press Journal", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230321164502/https://www.freepressjournal.in/photo-gallery/in-pictures-pm-modis-surprise-visit-to-gurudwara-rakab-ganj-sahib-in-delhi", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image of PM Modi washing his hands originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cb036c35531374f6cd6b86#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230321164502/https://www.freepressjournal.in/photo-gallery/in-pictures-pm-modis-surprise-visit-to-gurudwara-rakab-ganj-sahib-in-delhi", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The caption reads, \"Prime Minister Narendra Modi visits Gurudwara Rakab Ganj Sahib on the occasion of the 400th Prakash Parv of Guru Teg Bahadur, in New Delhi\""}], "question": "Does the image published in The Free Press Journal on December 20, 2020 have a caption?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The Gurdwara Rakab Ganj Sahib is a temple located in New Delhi.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230130174250/https://dsgmc.in/DharmParchar/GurdwaraRakabGanjSahib", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the Gurudwara Rakab Ganj Sahib?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Visitors wear head coverings, remove their shoes, and wash their hands in a sink placed near the entrance for that purpose.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221102215806/https://religionsmn.carleton.edu/exhibits/show/sikhgurdwara/sikhsocietymn/sikhvisiting", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What customs are observed when visiting a temple or Gurdwara?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230328224945/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/modi-visits-gurudwara-rakabganj/article33379726.ece", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The Hindu reported PM Modi's visit to the temple on December 20, 2020."}], "question": "Was PM Modi's visit to Gurudwara Rakab Ganj Sahib reported in the media?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The CLAIM_IMG_0 is not showing Modi washing hands inside a restroom. It is outside Gurdwara Rakab Ganj Sahib, a temple located in New Delhi. Modi was visiting the temple at that time. All visitors were required to wash their hands in a sink placed near the entrance for that purpose.", "claim_text": "An image shows Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi washing his hands inside a restroom.", "claim_images": ["67cb036c35531374f6cd6b86#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67cb036c35531374f6cd6b86#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Soniya", "transcription": "\"All that remains is to take the camera to the end of the restroom,\" reads the Hindi-language tweet, referring to the toilet. \"Do you get it, friends?\"  Hindi text superimposed on the picture says: \"How far will you take the camera, Modi ji?\"", "media_source": "https://archive.ph/lKWOd", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.ph/ac9uK", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Reverse Image Search", "Keyword Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240301043407/https://checkyourfact.com/2023/02/06/fact-check-republicans-jamie-raskin-cap/", "date": "2023-02-03", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://www.rawstory.com/raw-investigates/january-6-tapes-release-raskin/", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Raskin earlier saying that he is moving to ensure he can wear headgear on the House floor while he gets treatment for his cancer diagnosis. Raskin was seen wearing a bandana on Tuesday while on Capitol Hill. He argued to the site that if they didn't let him wear it he'd complain about the toupees of the other members violating the no head adornments rule. "}], "question": "Did Raskin say if Republicans didn't let him wear it he'd complain about the toupees of the other members violating the no head adornments rule? ", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://x.com/heatherscope/status/1620857443826954240?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "No, Republicans have not communicated that to him.  \n"}], "question": "Did U.S. House Republicans barred Maryland Democratic Representative Jamie Raskin from wearing a head covering while undergoing chemotherapy for cancer?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "U.S. House Republicans never told Raskin that he would be barred for wearing a head covering while undergoing chemotherapy. Raskin himself stated that he would ensure he could wear it despite the no head adornments rule, but was never explicitly told that he could not.", "claim_text": "U.S. House Republicans barred Maryland Democratic Representative Jamie Raskin from wearing a head covering while undergoing chemotherapy for cancer", "claim_images": ["67cb07f235531374f6cd7a11#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Mindy Fischer, Writer", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=1216674012576124&set=a.133898930853643", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240301043407/https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=1216674012576124&set=a.133898930853643", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Media Source Discovery"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted"], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240724085423/https://factly.in/the-person-in-this-photo-with-sonia-gandhi-is-ex-chief-justice-of-india-k-g-balakrishnan-not-mr-justice-j-b-pardiwala/", "date": "2022-07-01", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67cb0ad435531374f6cd7cb7#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "January 16, 2007 in Atrocity News", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220708054333/https://atrocitynews.wordpress.com/2007/01/16/is-this-contempt-of-human/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cb0ad435531374f6cd7cb7#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220708054333/https://atrocitynews.wordpress.com/2007/01/16/is-this-contempt-of-human/", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The description reads, \"Newly appointed Chief Justice of India, Balakrishnan in a jubilient mood while the UPA Chairperson and AICC President, Sonia Gandhi looks indifferent.\" "}], "question": "Is there a description that accompanies the image published by Atrocity News on January 16, 2007?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Getty Images reported, \"New Chief Justice of Indian K. G. Balakrishnan being congratulated by Defence Minister AK Antony as UPA Chairperson Sonia Gandhi and Union Minister Ram Vilas Paswan look on, after the swearing-in ceremony of Balakrishnan at Rashtrapati Bhavan, on January 14, 2007 in New Delhi, India.\"", "source_url": "https://www.gettyimages.in/detail/news-photo/new-chief-justice-of-indian-k-g-balakrishnan-being-news-photo/1183584804", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Did any other outlets report on Sonia Gandhi's meeting with Justice Balakrishnan in January, 2007? ", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "May 9, 2022", "source_url": "https://www.sci.gov.in/chief-justice-judges/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When did Justice Pardiwala become a Supreme Court Judge?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The image used in the claim is not recent, it is from 2007.  It shows KG Balakrishnan congratulating Sonia Gandhi.  Defence Minister AK Antony and UPA Ram Vilas Paswan are also seen in the image. JB Pardiwala is not in the image, and did not become Supreme Court Judge until 2022, years after the image was taken.", "claim_text": " Photo shows Supreme Court Judge JB Pardiwala with Sonia Gandhi.", "claim_images": ["67cb0ad435531374f6cd7cb7#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "", "transcription": "the person in the picture is the Supreme Court Judge J.B. Pardiwala.", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Reverse Image Search", "Keyword Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240227234631/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2023/04/04/fact-check-covid-19-vaccines-safe-during-pregnancy-studies-show/11579597002/", "date": "2023-03-23", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2021/04/12/fact-check-no-evidence-surge-miscarriages-since-vaccine-rollout/7062549002/", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "No evidence of miscarriage surge since vaccine rollout"}], "question": "Is there any evidence of miscarriage surge in 2021?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The database lists about 2,600 reports. ", "source_url": "https://archive.org/download/the-vaccine-adverse-event-reporting-system-vaers-results/The-Vaccine-Adverse-Event-Reporting-System-VAERS-Results.png", "source_medium": "Web table"}], "question": "What does the database say about miscarriages and stillbirths in 2021?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Vaccines are, in general, safe and well tolerated during pregnancy.\n\nNeither the Pfizer nor Moderna COVID-19 vaccine contains the live SARS-CoV-2 virus, so there is no risk of the pregnant woman or her fetus developing COVID-19. These vaccines are safe for another reason. The mRNA used in both vaccines to stimulate a protective immune response never enters the nucleus of a cell. That means it doesn\u2019t interact with the DNA that encodes the human genome of the mother or fetus.\n\nFight back against disinformation. Get your news h", "source_url": "https://theconversation.com/should-pregnant-women-get-the-covid-19-vaccine-will-it-protect-against-asymptomatic-infections-and-mutated-viruses-an-immunologist-answers-3-questions-152443", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Is the COVID-19 vaccine safe for pregnant women? ", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.yalemedicine.org/news/pregnancy-covid-19-vaccine", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "But a new study of more than 46,000 pregnant women shows that COVID-19 vaccination does not increase the risk of delivering a premature baby or of having a baby born smaller than expected\u2014both of which are linked to higher chances of infant death and disability. "}], "question": "Does the COVID-19 vaccine increase risk of preterm births?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The question-answer pairs show that there is no evidence of a surge in miscarriages or stillbirths following the rollout of COVID-19 vaccines. Additionally, the COVID-19 vaccines are considered safe for pregnant women and do not increase the risk of preterm births. Therefore, the claim that the vaccines caused an increase in miscarriages and stillbirths is refuted.", "claim_text": "Miscarriages and stillbirths drastically increased in 2021 due to Covid-19 vaccines", "claim_images": ["67cb16ce35531374f6cd8aa5#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@armechanix", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://archive.org/details/20230324_20230324_2205", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240227234631/https://archive.org/details/20230324_20230324_2205", "reporting_source": "Instagram", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Fact-checker Reference"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": [], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240112214043/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2023/02/28/fact-check-story-texas-teen-sent-prison-abortion-satire/11358088002/", "date": "2023-02-23", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "February 23, 2023 on a Riptide.tv instagram page.", "source_url": "https://www.instagram.com/p/CpBrUgKsdza/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When and where was the post \"A 19-year-old Texas girl was sentenced to 96 years in prison after police learned she traveled across state lines to obtain abortion services\" first published?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Metadata-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Riptide News\nReal looking fake news to trick your friends. \u2620\ufe0f", "source_url": "https://www.instagram.com/riptide.tv/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Is Riptide.tv a legitimate news source?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim was first posted by the Riptide.tv Instagram page. Riptide.tv, or Riptide News, claims on its website that it is \"Real looking fake news to trick your friends.\" Therefore, the claim is not legitimate.", "claim_text": "A 19-year-old Texas girl was sentenced to 96 years in prison after police learned she traveled across state lines to obtain abortion services", "claim_images": ["67cb1ab535531374f6cd8f33#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "riptide.tv", "transcription": "All Texans Deserve Access Affordable, Respectful Abortion Care!", "media_source": "https://archive.org/details/screenshot-89_20230227", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240112214043/https://archive.org/details/screenshot-89_20230227", "reporting_source": "Instagram", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Satirical Source Identification"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230330203622/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.338L9YG", "date": "2023-02-01", "label": "Refuted", "location": "PK", "questions": [{"input_images": ["678e9091e2f02e5f4985b27d#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "May 13, 2013 on HamariWeb.com", "source_url": "https://archive.md/orbAH", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the original publication date of the image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["678e9091e2f02e5f4985b27d#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://archive.md/orbAH", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "\"Women gave Bangles to Rangers in Karachi.\""}], "question": "Does HamariWeb.com describe the image posted on May 13, 2013?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "It's an old photo from 2013 that shows a woman giving bangles to a ranger in Karachi, Pakistan.", "claim_text": "A photo shows a woman giving bangles to security forces after a bomb explosion at a mosque in Peshawar, Pakistan, in January 2023.", "claim_images": ["678e9091e2f02e5f4985b27d#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "RizWaN AFriDi", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://ghostarchive.org/archive/z5yJV", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search", "Keyword Search", "Image Analysis", "Video Analysis", "Fact-checker Reference"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240228115938/https://www.boomlive.in/fact-check/bangladesh-school-student-murder-false-communal-claim-fact-check-21078", "date": "2023-02-07", "label": "Refuted", "location": "BD", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "http://joynewsbd.com/129207/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AC-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A7%AB-%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%B0/", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "A news report from joynewsbd.com dated February 4, 2023 reported the incident."}], "question": "Was Nirob Mondal murdered in Bangladesh?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://www.bssnews.net/district/108886", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "News reports mentioned that Nirob Mondal was killed by five of his classmates who were named. Four of the accused were Hindus and one was a Muslim. The boys killed Nirob when they became agitated because a ransom demand for him failed."}], "question": "Did news sources report the names of Nirob Mondal's killers?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["678e98f7e2f02e5f4985b881#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Five of Nirob Mondal\u2019s classmates were accused four were Hindus, and one was a Muslim.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210716033852/http://www.apimages.com/metadata/Index/Watchf-AP-I-SOM-APHSL06-Somalia-Military-Forces/02b011bd24dc4061aeb619c65a141983/1/0", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who were the accused in the murder of Nirob Mondal?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["678e98f7e2f02e5f4985b881#INPUT#3#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The accused became agitated and killed Nirob when a ransom demand for him failed.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230204094108/https://archive.ph/hs0OV", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What was the motive behind Nirob Mondal\u2019s murder?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "Based on evidence, a news report from joynewsbd.com dated February 4, 2023 reported that Nirob Mondal was murdered in Bangladesh. News reports mentioned that Nirob Mondal was killed by five of his classmates who were named. Four of the accused were Hindus and one was a Muslim. The boys killed Nirob when they became agitated because a ransom demand for him failed.", "claim_text": "Nirob Mondal, a Hindu boy, was killed in Bangladesh by Mohammad Sohail and his friends, all Muslims, as a hate crime", "claim_images": ["678e98f7e2f02e5f4985b881#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@Ambuj_IND", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230412060008/https://twitter.com/Ambuj_IND/status/1623006795076886530", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Keyword Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": [], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230307002839/https://newsmobile.in/articles/2023/03/02/fact-check-man-in-the-viral-image-is-zelenskys-personal-bodyguard-not-body-double/", "date": "2023-02-28", "label": "Refuted", "location": "UA", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-iCbqgSiP5k&t=46s", "source_medium": "Video", "boolean_explanation": "A YouTube video published by a Ukrainian state-run media house - UATV English -  captured the image at the 0:49 mark. The person claimed to be the body-double follows the two presidents."}], "question": "Does footage exist of President Biden's visit to Kyiv that shows the scene in the image?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["678e9f87e2f02e5f4985bcbf#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://x.com/Shayan86/status/1629852800250265602", "source_medium": "Video", "boolean_explanation": "The image was posted numerous times in a video on Twitter."}], "question": "Has the image of Biden's visit to Kyiv been published elsewhere?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["678e9f87e2f02e5f4985bcbf#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://x.com/Shayan86/status/1629852800250265602", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "On February 26, 2023, in response to the video posted by @realstewpeters, Shayan Sardarizadeh, a BBC journalist, identified the \"body-double\" as Zelensky's personal bodyguard, Maksym Donets. "}], "question": "In comments to the video image posted on Twitter, were any persons able to identify the \"body-double\"?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230303201228/https://www.is.fi/ulkomaat/art-2000009212013.html", "source_medium": "Image/graphic", "boolean_explanation": "The Finnish paper, Itla Sanomat, published on November 19, 2022 shows photos of Donet with Zelensky."}], "question": "Do other news outlets show or mention Maksym Donets with Zelensky in his travels?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The photo shows Volodymyr Zelensky's bodyguard, Maksym Donets, not body double", "claim_text": "Volodymyr Zelenskiy's body double captured on camera during Biden\u2019s visit to Kyiv. ", "claim_images": ["678e9f87e2f02e5f4985bcbf#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Chidananda B", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=1664364494022899&set=a.696676607458364", "reporting_source": "Facebook ", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search", "Keyword Search", "Video Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230603044738/https://newsmobile.in/articles/2023/02/27/fact-check-image-from-jk-viral-as-aftermath-of-earthquake-in-turkey/", "date": "2023-02-21", "label": "Refuted", "location": "TR", "questions": [{"input_images": ["678ea43de2f02e5f4985cb53#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230414072743/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/landslide-damages-over-dozen-houses-in-j-k-s-ramban-affected-families-shifted-101676866420327.html", "source_medium": "Image/graphic", "boolean_explanation": "The image was also published in an article on February 20, 2023 in The Hindu Times."}], "question": "Was the image published elsewhere besides Facebook?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["678ea43de2f02e5f4985cb53#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230414072743/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/landslide-damages-over-dozen-houses-in-j-k-s-ramban-affected-families-shifted-101676866420327.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The article is titled, \"Landslide in J-K's Ramban damages over dozen houses, affected families shifted,\" and the first sentence of the article explains, \"Over a dozen houses were damaged due to a massive landslide in Jammu and Kashmir's Ramban district on Monday.\""}], "question": "Does the article with the image that appears in The Hindu Times provide an explanation of the image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "India", "source_url": "https://jkrajbhawan.nic.in/AboutUs.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where are Jammu and Kashmir located?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The image shows the roads damaged due to a massive landslide in Jammu and Kashmir's Ramban district on Monday.", "claim_text": "An image shows a cracked road caused by two 7.0 magnitude earthquakes on February 19, 2023 ", "claim_images": ["678ea43de2f02e5f4985cb53#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "\u0938\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0928\u0940 \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0942", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=pfbid0KhEdzdYXzBxY8ChUxT5AHvAsfJ8Hhm5Z3V9b6k7K2fE45wktgpvEeVFr35CJGwALl&id=100089776088336", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230929193611/https://www.telugupost.com/english-factcheck/srivari-mettu-margam-to-tirumala-temple-is-not-a-recent-construction-1471338", "date": "2023-03-28", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "\"Srivari Mettu is the pathway route considered the shortest trekking route ... to Tirumala Hill.\"", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230922092153/https://ysrcppolls.in/srivari-mettu/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the shortest route from Tirupati to Tirumala?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "\"The Srivari Mettu consists of a total of 2388 Steps.\"", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230922092153/https://ysrcppolls.in/srivari-mettu/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the Srivari Mettu steps count?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230922092153/https://ysrcppolls.in/srivari-mettu/", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Pilgrims have traveled the Srivari Mettu for centuries. 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"image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240621114517/https://www.telugupost.com/english-factcheck/image-of-a-coin-with-ntrs-figure-goes-viral-with-a-misleading-claim-1464036", "date": "2023-02-15", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["678ec236e2f02e5f4985d7ed#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "July 1, 2013", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240723150536/https://www.nandamurifans.com/forum/index.php?/topic/234900-ntr-coin/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "A gold coin featuring late legend N T Rama Rao on one side and Basavatarakam Cancer Hospital image on the other side is releasing in USA on the occasion of Indian cinema completing 100 years.This coin will be released on the 40th anniversary of Delaware Valley Telugu Association celebrations, which will be held on June 28 and 29 (2013) at Valley Forge Convention Center,King of Prussia, PA.", "source_url": "https://www.chitramala.in/legend-ntr-gold-coins-for-sale-130892.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Do any sources explain what the coin commemorates?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The image shows an old gold coin from 2013 featuring late legend N T Rama Rao was released in PA, USA on the occasion of Indian cinema completing 100 years.", "claim_text": "An image shows a coin about to be released in 2023 in honor of the late NT Rama Rao to mark is 100th birthday", "claim_images": ["678ec236e2f02e5f4985d7ed#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@mahaboob75", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://x.com/mahaboob75/status/1625851831988678663", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": [], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230929133456/https://www.telugupost.com/english-factcheck/viral-image-claiming-rahul-in-the-conspiracy-behind-adanis-downfall-is-false-1462421", "date": "2023-02-08", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["678ed9b3e2f02e5f4985e02e#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "Numerous Tweets of the image were posted in August, 2018", "source_url": "https://x.com/NEWS9TWEETS/status/1032323385835962368", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the original image published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["678ed9b3e2f02e5f4985e02e#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://x.com/NEWS9TWEETS/status/1032323385835962368", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The person in the image with Rahul Gandhi is identified as Niels Annen, minister of state and member of Bundestag"}], "question": "Do Tweets of the image that were posted in August, 2018 identify the person in the photo with Rahul Gandhi?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The person in the image with Rahul Gandhi is not Nathan Anderson, but Niels Annen, minister of state and member of Bundestag", "claim_text": "Image of Congress leader Rahul Gandhi with Nathan Anderson, the founder of Hindenburg Research.", "claim_images": ["678ed9b3e2f02e5f4985e02e#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Vivek Pradhan", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=5703603843099612", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": 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["678edae6e2f02e5f4985e0ff#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Telecom arm of Reliance Industries, Reliance Jio, announced the launch of 4G service for its employees under Jio brand name", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230604134544/https://www.financialexpress.com/photos/business-gallery/184656/reliance-jio-4g-launched-mukesh-ambani-speech-highlights-in-5-points/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What was the occasion of the photo?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "It's not a recent picture, but a 2015 picture taken when Telecom arm of Reliance Industries, Reliance Jio, announced the launch of 4G service for its employees under Jio brand name ", "claim_text": "Recent picture of Shah Rukh Khan taking a selfie with Mukesh Ambani\u2019s family when they watched the Pathaan film together.", "claim_images": ["678edae6e2f02e5f4985e0ff#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Surat Congress", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=134208336179399&set=a.109968298603403%5C", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230407170957/https://misbar.com/en/factcheck/2023/04/06/an-outdated-photo-of-al-aqsa-square-resurfaces-online", "date": "2023-04-04", "label": "Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking", "location": "PS", "questions": [{"input_images": ["678edf48e2f02e5f4985e2c3#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "May 8, 2021", "source_url": "https://archive.siasat.com/news/palestine-200-injured-after-clashes-erupt-in-al-aqsa-mosque-2134302/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["678edf48e2f02e5f4985e2c3#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Israeli forces on May 7 (Friday) launched an attack and injured Muslim worshippers in the Al-Aqsa mosque on the eve of the Al-Quds day (Jerusalem day). ", "source_url": "https://archive.siasat.com/news/palestine-200-injured-after-clashes-erupt-in-al-aqsa-mosque-2134302/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What were the circumstances of the image on May 8, 2021?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The image does show shows Al-Aqsa mosque square in Jerusalem after the recent violent Israeli aggression on Palestinian worshipers, however the attack was not recent. The picture was first published on May 8, 2021.", "claim_text": "An April, 2023 photo shows Al-Aqsa mosque square in Jerusalem after the recent violent Israeli aggression on Palestinian worshipers.", "claim_images": ["678edf48e2f02e5f4985e2c3#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@MahaGaza", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://x.com/MahaGaza/status/1643416715798417408", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": [], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230620162214/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.33J87WL", "date": "2023-05-26", "label": "Refuted", "location": "PK", "questions": [{"input_images": ["678ee4e4e2f02e5f4985e468#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "March 5, 2021 on Twitter", "source_url": "https://x.com/shahrazashah20/status/1367801703173652480", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["678ee4e4e2f02e5f4985e468#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://x.com/shahrazashah20/status/1367801703173652480", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The accompanying message translated from Urdu reads, \"#Peshawar!! This is a dancing girl named Wafa Khan. A goon named Mansoor Khan called her for a match in the limits of Warsak Road Police Station Machni Gate. Then he tortured her there. The police is also not registering their report.\n@AbbasAhsan\""}], "question": "Does the March 5, 2021 Twitter image provide the circumstance of the photo?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/ccppeshawar/posts/pfbid0y9i4K5bpZondCexPRDHgfdj3iQgx91ayT66gTWj1X7dktRc3esJDkDLZjyN5wGx9l", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The police took 19 suspects into custody."}], "question": "Did the Peshawar police confirm the details of the attack on Wafa Khan?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "It's an old photo from 2021 showing a dancing girl named Wafa Khan tortured by a man named Mansoor Khan.", "claim_text": "A May, 2023 image shows a woman tortured by Pakistani authorities after she protested Imran Khan's detention.", "claim_images": ["678ee4e4e2f02e5f4985e468#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@Natasha4khan", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.vn/4SCtV", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search", "Image Analysis", "Fact-checker Reference"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230929000959/https://en.youturn.in/factcheck/old-photos-of-acid-attack-victim-shared-with-false-communal-spin.html", "date": "2023-05-27", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67946fc7e2f02e5f498917fd#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The person's name is Resham Khan.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230929000959/https://www.insider.com/acid-attack-survivor-resham-khan-shares-photo-of-her-recovery-2017-10", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is the person portrayed in the image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67946fc7e2f02e5f498917fd#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "This person is also Resham Khan.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230929000959/https://www.insider.com/acid-attack-survivor-resham-khan-shares-photo-of-her-recovery-2017-10", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is the person portrayed in this image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67946fc7e2f02e5f498917fd#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "College student Resham Khan and her cousin, Jameel Muhktar, were allegedly attacked with acid in London. Police charged 24-year-old East Londoner John Tomlin in this incident.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230929000959/https://www.insider.com/acid-attack-survivor-resham-khan-shares-photo-of-her-recovery-2017-10", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What happened to Resham Khan to cause the injuries depicted in the image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The woman in the photo is \nResham Khan, who was attacked with acid by a white man, not by her Muslim partner due to Love Jihad.", "claim_text": "This woman was attacked with acid by her Muslim partner due to Love Jihad.", "claim_images": ["67946fc7e2f02e5f498917fd#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67946fc7e2f02e5f498917fd#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@Tripathi98", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://x.com/Tripathi98/status/1662708835327549441", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240714130901/https://factly.in/photos-of-a-rock-structure-in-thailands-naga-cave-shared-as-a-giant-snake-spotted-in-switzerland/", "date": "2020-05-28", "label": "Refuted", "location": "CH", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67947701e2f02e5f49891a0b#INPUT#0#0.jpg", "67947701e2f02e5f49891a0b#INPUT#0#1.jpg", "67947701e2f02e5f49891a0b#INPUT#0#2.jpg", "67947701e2f02e5f49891a0b#INPUT#0#3.jpg", "67947701e2f02e5f49891a0b#INPUT#0#4.jpg", "67947701e2f02e5f49891a0b#INPUT#0#5.jpg", "67947701e2f02e5f49891a0b#INPUT#0#6.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "May 29, 2020 on Facebook", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=679314835973052&set=pcb.679314972639705", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When were the images first published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67947701e2f02e5f49891a0b#INPUT#1#0.jpg", "67947701e2f02e5f49891a0b#INPUT#1#1.jpg", "67947701e2f02e5f49891a0b#INPUT#1#2.jpg", "67947701e2f02e5f49891a0b#INPUT#1#3.jpg", "67947701e2f02e5f49891a0b#INPUT#1#4.jpg", "67947701e2f02e5f49891a0b#INPUT#1#5.jpg", "67947701e2f02e5f49891a0b#INPUT#1#6.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The same images were published by Hindi News 18 on February 5, 2023.", "source_url": "https://hindi.news18.com/photogallery/world/rest-of-world-naga-cave-big-snake-stone-thailand-photos-viral-on-social-media-5333011-page-5.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Have the images been published elsewhere?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67947701e2f02e5f49891a0b#INPUT#2#0.jpg", "67947701e2f02e5f49891a0b#INPUT#2#1.jpg", "67947701e2f02e5f49891a0b#INPUT#2#2.jpg", "67947701e2f02e5f49891a0b#INPUT#2#3.jpg", "67947701e2f02e5f49891a0b#INPUT#2#4.jpg", "67947701e2f02e5f49891a0b#INPUT#2#5.jpg", "67947701e2f02e5f49891a0b#INPUT#2#6.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The translated caption explains that the images are of Naga Cave in Thailand whose entrance is described as a \"snake-like rock.\"", "source_url": "https://hindi.news18.com/photogallery/world/rest-of-world-naga-cave-big-snake-stone-thailand-photos-viral-on-social-media-5333011.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Are the Hindi News 18 images accompanied by a caption?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67947701e2f02e5f49891a0b#INPUT#3#0.jpg", "67947701e2f02e5f49891a0b#INPUT#3#1.jpg", "67947701e2f02e5f49891a0b#INPUT#3#2.jpg", "67947701e2f02e5f49891a0b#INPUT#3#3.jpg", "67947701e2f02e5f49891a0b#INPUT#3#4.jpg", "67947701e2f02e5f49891a0b#INPUT#3#5.jpg", "67947701e2f02e5f49891a0b#INPUT#3#6.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "OTV Khabar India also identified the structures as Naga Cave in Thailand.", "source_url": "https://otvkhabar.in/news/international/mysterious-naga-cave-in-thailand/104704", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Do other sources identify the images?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": " The images were first published in 2020 and were identified as Naga Cave in Thailand, and not a snake spotted in Switzerland.", "claim_text": "Collage of images showing a massive snake spotted in Switzerland.", "claim_images": ["67947701e2f02e5f49891a0b#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67947701e2f02e5f49891a0b#CLAIM#1.jpg", "67947701e2f02e5f49891a0b#CLAIM#2.jpg", "67947701e2f02e5f49891a0b#CLAIM#3.jpg", "67947701e2f02e5f49891a0b#CLAIM#4.jpg", "67947701e2f02e5f49891a0b#CLAIM#5.jpg", "67947701e2f02e5f49891a0b#CLAIM#6.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "The Saffron Chariot", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=679314929306376&set=pcb.679314972639705", "reporting_source": "Facebook ", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search", "Keyword Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20231004031012/https://www.thequint.com/news/webqoof/police-crushing-wrestler-face-under-boot-wrestlers-protest-fact-check", "date": "2023-05-27", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67950e85e2f02e5f498926a0#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The Times of India describes the image as a \"photograph of 22-year-old Ranjit Singh's face crushed under a cop's boot ... at a farmer's protest....\"", "source_url": "https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ludhiana/man-under-boot-now-image-of-cop-aggression/articleshow/80621061.cms", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What are the circumstances of the situation shown in the image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The image was taken at the farmers' protest on Friday, January 29, 2021", "source_url": "https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ludhiana/man-under-boot-now-image-of-cop-aggression/articleshow/80621061.cms", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image of Ranjit Singh at the farmer's protest taken?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "India's News 18 carried a similar report describing clashes involving \"farmers at the Singhu Border in New Delhi, Friday, Jan. 29, 2021\"", "source_url": "https://www.news18.com/news/india/farmers-protest-44-including-man-who-attacked-police-with-sword-arrested-in-singhu-border-violence-3363572.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Was the story of the farmers' protest published elsewhere?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The image was taken in 2021 at a farmer's protest and shows  of 22-year-old Ranjit Singh's face crushed under a cop's boot. Therefore, the victim is  not  a woman -wrestler. ", "claim_text": "An image connected with the detention of protesting wrestlers on May 28, 2023 shows a policeman assaulting a woman wrestler.", "claim_images": ["67950e85e2f02e5f498926a0#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67950e85e2f02e5f498926a0#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@VishalcINC", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.is/Pc5H3", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240616051815/https://misbar.com/en/factcheck/2023/01/28/this-image-does-not-show-a-yemeni-child-after-a-saudi-missile-attack", "date": "2023-01-26", "label": "Refuted", "location": "YE", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67951191e2f02e5f498927a7#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "June, 2015", "source_url": "https://eliasbejjaninews.com/2015/06/23625/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image first published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67951191e2f02e5f498927a7#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The photo shows a boy hanging from a destroyed concrete roof in Aleppo while holding a barrel bomb that fell on his house. The photo shows the upper part of a young boy covered in dust. It showed him hanging through a concrete roof which apparently fell due to the barrel bomb that landed in his arms.", "source_url": "https://eliasbejjaninews.com/2015/06/23625/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the image show?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Aleppo is in Syria", "source_url": "https://www.getty.edu/publications/cultural-heritage-mass-atrocities/part-2/10-bandarin/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Is Aleppo in Yemen?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "It's a 2015 photo of a Syrian boy, hanging from a destroyed concrete roof in Aleppo while holding a barrel bomb that fell on his house.", "claim_text": "Image shows a Yemeni child who passed away after a Saudi missile attack. ", "claim_images": ["67951191e2f02e5f498927a7#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@Jasmine55568816", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://x.com/Jasmine55568816/status/1618600698090000385", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240226213301/https://misbar.com/en/factcheck/2023/02/27/an-outdated-image-resurfaced-after-the-61-magnitude-earthquake-in-japan", "date": "2023-02-26", "label": "Refuted", "location": "JP", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67951ba2e2f02e5f49892c30#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "April 19, 2016 by CNN", "source_url": "https://www.cnn.com/2016/04/15/asia/gallery/japan-earthquake/index.html", "source_medium": "Image/graphic"}], "question": "When was the image first published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67951ba2e2f02e5f49892c30#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://www.cnn.com/2016/04/15/asia/gallery/japan-earthquake/index.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Damaged houses are seen after an earthquake in Mashiki, Japan"}], "question": "Is there a caption on the image first published by CNN?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.cnn.com/2016/04/18/asia/japan-earthquake/index.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "7.0 magnitude"}], "question": "Was the 2016 earthquake in Mashiki a 6.1 magnitude earthquake?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The image shows  damage from 7.0 magnitude earthquake in Japan in 2016, not a 6.1 magnitude earthquake that happened in 2023.", "claim_text": "The 2023 image shows damage caused by a 6.1 magnitude earthquake in Japan", "claim_images": ["67951ba2e2f02e5f49892c30#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@Naveen_Shrstav", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://x.com/Naveen_Shrstav/status/1629645866134044672", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230923054447/https://misbar.com/en/factcheck/2023/03/04/an-orientalist-photograph-taken-out-of-context", "date": "2023-02-17", "label": "Refuted", "location": "", "questions": [{"input_images": ["6795233ee2f02e5f4989308d#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "In 1910 by Eug\u00e8ne Chatelain", "source_url": "https://fr.m.wikibooks.org/wiki/Fichier:Eug%C3%A8ne_Chatelain_-_Adda_et_le_vieillard,_vers_1910.jpg", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image first published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["6795233ee2f02e5f4989308d#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://www.chayette-cheval.com/en/lot/13781/2599719-eugene-chatelain-adda-et-le-vieillard-vers-1910-tirage", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Yes, translated the caption reads, \"Eug\u00e8ne Chatelain\nAdda and the old man, circa 1910. Vintage silver print 16.2 x 11.4 cm on 18 x 13 cm sheet. On the back, handwritten inscription: \"Adda and...\". Although this image is not signed, we find here the decor of the \"Curieux petit Palais Mauresque\" by Chatelain and the carpet visible in the work of Nicole Canet\""}], "question": "Does the image have a caption?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "Chatelain was reknowned for staging naked models for orientalist photographs", "source_url": "https://www.artnet.de/k%C3%BCnstler/eug%C3%A8ne-chatelain/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What was the subject matter of Eug\u00e8ne Chatelain's artwork?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "Based on the QAs, The original picture is captioned\n\"Adda and the old man\", circa 1910 by Eugene Chatelain, who was renowned for staging naked models for orientalist photographs. Therefore, the child and the old man are the artist's models, and not an owner and a slave.", "claim_text": "A photo shows a naked child slave assisting her old owner in cleaning up before prayer.", "claim_images": ["6795233ee2f02e5f4989308d#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@Vaishnav090", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://x.com/Vaishnav090/status/1626493919906369536?s=20", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": [], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230602015840/https://newsmobile.in/articles/2023/03/22/fact-check-image-showing-snow-covered-wall-is-from-japan-not-california/", "date": "2023-03-13", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67954a7fe2f02e5f49895dde#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "2013 in Japan Kuru", "source_url": "https://m.blog.naver.com/PostView.naver?isHttpsRedirect=true&blogId=iamryo&logNo=150165640240", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image first published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67954a7fe2f02e5f49895dde#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://m.blog.naver.com/PostView.naver?isHttpsRedirect=true&blogId=iamryo&logNo=150165640240", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The Tateyama Kurobe Alpine Route snow wall season is from April 16 to June 10."}], "question": "Does the 2013 publication in Japan Kuru describe the location of the image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Toyama Prefecture, Japan", "source_url": "https://www.tripadvisor.com/ShowUserReviews-g1121155-d1220498-r148566595-Tateyama_Kurobe_Alpine_Route-Tateyama_machi_Nakaniikawa_gun_Toyama_Prefecture_H.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where is the Tateyama Kurobe Alpine Route?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "It's an old picture from 2013 showing The Tateyama Kurobe Alpine Route snow wall season is from April 16 to June 10.The picture was taken in Japan, and not Lake Tahoe.", "claim_text": "An image of a snow-covered huge wall is Lake Tahoe in California, US", "claim_images": ["67954a7fe2f02e5f49895dde#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Jeff Ward", "transcription": "March 9, 2023 Lake Tahoe, California Record snow pack", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/jeff.ward.376/posts/pfbid0XZGobHhfnQfn7JwijxVh5HJP9pkfPVohxzUViQuMy8EMu4DeJv4p15ChDXi5qmcGl", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240615163859/https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2023/02/fact-check-this-picture-of-dog-rescuing-people-does-not-show-turkey-after-february-6-2023-earthquake.html", "date": "2023-02-06", "label": "Refuted", "location": "TR", "questions": [{"input_images": ["679555fae2f02e5f4989674e#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The photo was taken in 2019 by Jaroslav Noska", "source_url": "https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/dog-looking-for-injured-people-gm1089104002-292160653", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is the photographer credited with the image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["679555fae2f02e5f4989674e#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Czech Republic", "source_url": "https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/dog-looking-for-injured-people-gm1089104002-292160653", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the location of Noska's image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["679555fae2f02e5f4989674e#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "Nosaka created the image as a stock photograph in the category \"earthquake\" and it can be purchased as a stock image.", "source_url": "https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/dog-looking-for-injured-people-gm1089104002-292160653", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Did Noska photograph the dog searching after an earthquake?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The photo was taken in 2019 by Jaroslav Noska in Czech Republic as a stock photograph in the category \"earthquake\".", "claim_text": "Dog saves it's 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"https://web.archive.org/web/20230530070938mp_/http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/asiapcf/08/24/pakistan.floods/index.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67955806e2f02e5f4989688f#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230530070938mp_/http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/asiapcf/08/24/pakistan.floods/index.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Flood victims wait for food and water at a makeshift camp in Sukkur (Pakistan) on August 23, 2010"}], "question": "Does the August, 2010 CNN image have a caption?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The image was taken in 2010, not 2023. 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The Durga Temple is a beautifully curved Hindu temple established in the early 8th century. 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The world's heaviest baby was a boy weighing 9.98 kg (22 lb) from Seville, Ohio, USA, born on 19 January 1879.", "claim_text": "Photo depicts the heaviest baby ever born and is in the Guinness World Records at 8.6 KG", "claim_images": ["67959763e2f02e5f49898824#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Numerical Claim", "Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240805200559/https://newschecker.in/fact-check/old-image-of-hamza-sharif-escaping-his-arrest-passed-off-as-imran-khan/", "date": "2023-03-05", "label": "Refuted", "location": "PK", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67961d4ee2f02e5f4989ca5d#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The image was originally published in an April, 2019 video titled \"Hamza Shahbaz Sharif Running Through Wooden Stair On Roof After Nab Raid Lahore\"", "source_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8eIw-MDDOEo&feature=youtu.be", "source_medium": "Video"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240626112556/https://www.dawn.com/news/1474094", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "An April, 2019 report in the newspaper Dawn stated that a raid had been performed on Shahbaz's residence."}], "question": "Is there evidence to confirm that the person on the ladder is Hamza Shahbaz?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The image  is from 2019 and it shows Hamza Shahbaz Sharif Running Through Wooden Stair On Roof After Nab Raid Lahore", "claim_text": "Image from March 2023 shows Imran Khan escaping  through a ladder when Islamabad police reach Zaman Park to arrest him", "claim_images": ["67961d4ee2f02e5f4989ca5d#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Nasir Butt", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://x.com/nasirbuttuk/status/1632323383739260929?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search", "Keyword Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240721135627/https://newschecker.in/fact-check/did-this-boy-die-smiling-to-protect-al-aqsa-mosque/", "date": "2023-04-10", "label": "Refuted", "location": "PS", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67962095e2f02e5f4989cbba#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "On October 23, 2014 in a blog post titled Activities in KPTM", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20231127000737/https://arehsby94.blogspot.com/2014/11/rehlah-al-khulud-programs.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67962095e2f02e5f4989cbba#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The photo has a connection to ProgramRehlahAl-Khulud at Kolej Poly-Tech MARA.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240721135627/https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=872411622784049&set=a.676549545703592", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What are the circumstances of the photo?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The program is for funeral management study.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240721135627/https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=10152763633863850&set=a.10150185944313850", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is ProgramRehlahAl-Khulud at Kolej Poly-Tech MARA?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The photo is from 2014 has a connection to ProgramRehlahAl-Khulud at Kolej Poly-Tech MARA, a funeral management study.", "claim_text": "An April, 2023 image shows a smiling boy who died while protecting Al Aqsa mosque from attack", "claim_images": ["67962095e2f02e5f4989cbba#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Sadek_trt_official", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.ph/eHJSN", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search", "Keyword Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240618163853/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.338D6KL", "date": "2023-01-29", "label": "Refuted", "location": "JP", "questions": [{"input_images": ["679623cfe2f02e5f4989cd1d#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The image derives from a video depicting a regular cross-party study session, not an official government investigation, about the causal relationship between vaccination and post-vaccination mortality and health hazards.", "source_url": "https://archive.is/wWHS8", "source_medium": "Video"}], "question": "What is depicted in the image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "As of February 15, 2023, there were 71,136 deaths from Covid-19 in Japan.", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/GSE7-8NHX", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "How many Covid-19 related deaths were there in Japan at the time of the image?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "Based on QAs, the image is a screenshot from a video depicting a regular cross-party study session, not an official government investigation, about the causal relationship between vaccination and post-vaccination mortality and health hazards. ", "claim_text": "An image depicts a Japanese probe into millions of Covid-19 vaccine-related deaths", "claim_images": ["679623cfe2f02e5f4989cd1d#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "reignitedemocracyaustralia", "transcription": "Japan Launches Official Investigation Into Millions of Vaxx Deaths", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.is/rLM87", "reporting_source": "Instagram", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240526061032/https://factcheckhub.com/image-does-not-show-bagudus-son-convocation/", "date": "2023-01-06", "label": "Refuted", "location": "NG", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230120152703/https://themetrolawyer.com.ng/y-c-maikyau-oon-san-celebrates-with-friends-and-family-as-son-israel-graduates-with-1st-class-from-covenant-university-photos/", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Governor of Kebbi State, Abubakar Atiku Bagudu, is the person in white on the left."}], "question": "Is the Governor of Kebbi State, Abubakar Atiku Bagudu, depicted in this image? 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The image is attached to a narrative by Richard Hall about his favorite toys.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230517065042/https://www.pd-m.com/from-the-studio-blog/2021/11/7/tech-amp-toys-amp-tech-we-loved-as-children", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the context of the photo in the November, 2021 blog entry?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The image is from a November, 2021 blog titled \"Toys & Tech we loved as children\"  and is attached to a narrative by Richard Hall about his favorite toys.\"", "claim_text": "The image shows a Facebook user who is searching for their birth parents.", "claim_images": ["679627b6e2f02e5f4989cfeb#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Ray Colback", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/groups/267755293720230/posts/1542091942953219/", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], 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["67962db5e2f02e5f4989d15c#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The image was published by Fashola's personal photographer, Lukman Olaonipekun, popularly known as Lukesh", "source_url": "https://archive.ph/GBzL1", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who published the image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67962db5e2f02e5f4989d15c#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "On the screen to the left of Fashola is a website called Civichive that shows the election results.", "source_url": "https://liveresults.civichive.org/presidential/2023", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is seen in the image on the screen to Fashola's left?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": 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"answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://bmpd.livejournal.com/3079160.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "A Leopard 2A4 tank of the Turkish army destroyed by a Syrian Kurdish ATGM crew near the village of Heftar in the Bilbin region near Afrin (Syria)"}], "question": "Is the copyrighted photo accompanied by a caption? ", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The photo is 2018 and it shows A Leopard 2A4 tank of the Turkish army destroyed by a Syrian Kurdish ATGM crew near the village of Heftar in the Bilbin region near Afrin (Syria). 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["67967e56e2f02e5f498a365d#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "On November 5, 2019", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230413072956/https://www.amazon.com/Photography-Game-Thrones-Michael-Kogge/dp/1683835298", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image first published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67967e56e2f02e5f498a365d#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "A photo book titled, \"The Photography of Game of Thrones, the official photo book of Season 1 to Season 8", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230413072956/https://www.amazon.com/Photography-Game-Thrones-Michael-Kogge/dp/1683835298", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the source of the image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67967e56e2f02e5f498a365d#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MZXGsTTYIho", "source_medium": "Video", "boolean_explanation": "An excerpt shows Tyrion mourning over Cersei and Jaime's dead bodies in the season finale of Season 8 of Game of Thrones"}], "question": "Is the image evident in an excerpt from Game of Thrones?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The image is not from the earthquake in Turkey and Syria in 2023, but from 2019 photo book \"The Photography of Game of Thrones\" and it shows Tyrion mourning over Cersei and Jaime's dead bodies in the season finale of Season 8 of Game of Thrones   ", "claim_text": "Image shows a couple that was found during a rescue operation in Turkey and Syria, which was hit by multiple earthquakes in February 2023", "claim_images": ["67967e56e2f02e5f498a365d#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "RANA", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", 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but otherwise healthy, three-year-old Ayda Gezgin was pulled from the rubble of an 8-storey building four days after a magnitude 7 earthquake battered her home city of Izmir in Turkey.", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/2UXB-BSPZ", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where was the child in the image found?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The image shows a girl pulled from the rubble of an 8-storey building four days after a magnitude 7 earthquake in Izmir in Turkey, and not a 7.8-magnitude earthquake in Turkey and Syria on February 6, 2023.", "claim_text": "A photo of a girl trapped in an earthquake-damaged building was taken following a devastating 7.8-magnitude earthquake that struck Turkey and Syria on February 6, 2023", "claim_images": ["679690dbe2f02e5f498a4b03#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Mohammad Ahsanul Hoque", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": 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["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67969327e2f02e5f498a4c9c#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "May, 2019", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230113102035/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/deepika-padukone-cannes-film-festival-2019-day-four-looks-photos-5733387/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67969327e2f02e5f498a4c9c#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Deepika Padukone, who represents an international beauty brand at the Cannes International Film Festival, shared her four looks from her second day at the prestigious event.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230113102035/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/deepika-padukone-cannes-film-festival-2019-day-four-looks-photos-5733387/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the context of the image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The image is from 2019 Cannes festival, where Deepika Padukone represented an international beauty brand, and not related to 2023 Pathaan movie.", "claim_text": "A photo of Deepika Padukone wearing orange heels shows her response to India's right-wing criticism for wearing a similarly colored bikini in the film Pathaan", "claim_images": ["67969327e2f02e5f498a4c9c#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "\u090f\u092e\u0921\u0940 \u0930\u091c\u093c\u093e \u0916\u093c\u093e\u0928 \u0930\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091c\u0942", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=pfbid0zYKbvMGDmRLe5qy9bTcTZYbpqEwNbcgca7WDGKRsdgnifgCGxeZw18moJ8T1SKE1l&id=100004330412426", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search", "Keyword Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240919084325/https://factly.in/2016-photo-of-rohit-sharma-falsely-shared-as-him-donating-blood-to-injured-rishab-pant/", "date": "2021-12-30", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["679a67dfe2f02e5f498e4659#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "November 12, 2016 in NDTV Sports", "source_url": "https://sports.ndtv.com/india-vs-england-2016-17/rohit-sharma-undergoes-successful-surgery-on-right-thigh-1624598", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["679a67dfe2f02e5f498e4659#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Rohit Sharma suffered an injury on his right thigh in the fifth ODI against New Zealand in Visakhapatnam on October 29 and underwent successful surgery.", "source_url": "https://sports.ndtv.com/india-vs-england-2016-17/rohit-sharma-undergoes-successful-surgery-on-right-thigh-1624598", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What are the circumstances of the image published on November 12, 2016 in NDTV Sports?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "This image is not recent (it's from November 12, 2016 when Rohit Sharma underwent surgery on his right thigh) and not donating blood to Rishab Pant.", "claim_text": "Rohit Sharma donated blood to Rishab Pant, who was hospitalised after he met with a car accident recently.", "claim_images": ["679a67dfe2f02e5f498e4659#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Om Rajpurohit", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=8660997703975265&set=a.712166142191834", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240809001524/https://newschecker.in/fact-check/couple-unable-to-have-children-has-intercourse-in-the-church/", "date": "2023-01-02", "label": "Refuted", "location": "BR", "questions": [{"input_images": ["679a6d6fe2f02e5f498e6121#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "According to a report in Kanyi Daily on May 31, 2022, the location is a church in Brazil.", "source_url": "https://www.kanyidaily.com/2022/05/church-reacts-to-viral-claims-that-their-pastor-made-infertile-couple-have-sx-on-the-church-altar-to-conceive.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the location where the image was taken?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["679a6d6fe2f02e5f498e6121#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The church affirmed that the persons lying on the altar were both women. They further explained that a woman had come to the church sick and while proceedings were ongoing she fainted. Their pastor had to get a female minister to lie on the woman as part of the prophetic healing exercise.", "source_url": "https://www.kanyidaily.com/2022/05/church-reacts-to-viral-claims-that-their-pastor-made-infertile-couple-have-sx-on-the-church-altar-to-conceive.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What are the circumstances  of the image published in Kanyi Daily on May 31, 2022?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The church, Alian\u00e7 Restaurada, produced a video dated May 24, 2022 confirming the details published by Kanyi Daily.", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/100023169010628/videos/494824272432004/", "source_medium": "Video"}], "question": "Did the church, itself, publish any clarification of the event?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "Based on QA, the claim is refuted. The persons lying on the altar were both women: a woman had come to the church sick and while proceedings were ongoing she fainted. Their pastor had to get a female minister to lie on the woman as part of the prophetic healing exercise.", "claim_text": "A couple unable to have children has intercourse in the middle of an evangelical worship service to receive God's blessing", "claim_images": ["679a6d6fe2f02e5f498e6121#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Sunanda Roy", "transcription": "Couple unable to have children has intercourse in the middle of an evangelical worship service to receive God's blessing", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230103112115/https://twitter.com/SaffronSunanda/status/1609970615762685952", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230117192851/https://factly.in/both-these-images-show-cleaning-by-indian-railways-under-the-current-nda-government/", "date": "2023-01-08", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "2014", "source_url": "https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(15)60977-1/fulltext", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was India's Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) elected?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["679a70e9e2f02e5f498e6461#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "May 10, 2020", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230114192342/https://www.alamy.com/workers-clean-a-platform-at-the-howrah-junction-railway-station-after-india-announced-a-limited-re-opening-of-its-giant-rail-network-beginning-on-tuesday-after-a-nearly-seven-week-lockdown-to-slow-the-spreading-of-the-coronavirus-disease-covid-19-on-the-outskirts-of-kolkata-india-may-11-2020-reutersrupak-de-chowdhuri-image373754722.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image 0-th taken?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["679a70e9e2f02e5f498e6461#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "August 13, 2020", "source_url": "https://x.com/EasternRailway/status/1293957479831764992", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image 1-th published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "Both images show cleaning of  Indian railway under BJP, since they were taken in 2020 and BJP was elected in 2014.", "claim_text": "Images showing the technological upgrades in the Indian Railways before and after the BJP government in the country.", "claim_images": ["679a70e9e2f02e5f498e6461#CLAIM#0.jpg", "679a70e9e2f02e5f498e6461#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Arnab Goswami and Republic Fan Club", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=pfbid0bqoAFqQo9UMFkcaqfFToRrm9RGRxGJLNTnLbWT6rxDgLUnCn9vx8V7QjXFiPPjKSl&id=100044336868739", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241224062612/https://www.boomlive.in/fact-check/world/plane-crash-pokhara-nepal-media-outlets-share-2012-image-as-recent-20748", "date": "2023-01-15", "label": "Refuted", "location": "NP", "questions": [{"input_images": ["679f0800e2f02e5f4992d079#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "September 29, 2012 in the Indian Express", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230608094945/https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/print/nepal-crash-how-girlfriend-s-delay-in-pack/lite/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image first published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["679f0800e2f02e5f4992d079#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": " A tragic flight enroute to Mount Everest that crashed in Kathmandu, killing over 19 people", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230608094945/https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/print/nepal-crash-how-girlfriend-s-delay-in-pack/lite/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What were the circumstances of the image published in the Indian Express on September 29, 2012?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The photo is from September 29, 2012 and shows a flight enroute to Mount Everest that crashed in Kathmandu, killing over 19 people, and not a passenger aircraft crash on a runway of Pokhara Airport in Nepal on January 15, 2023.", "claim_text": "A photo shows a passenger aircraft crash on a runway of Pokhara Airport in Nepal on January 15, 2023", "claim_images": ["679f0800e2f02e5f4992d079#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@ani_digital", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230115120141/https://twitter.com/ani_digital/status/1614514431639322624", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search", "Keyword Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230904134902/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2023/03/07/fact-check-photos-show-building-damaged-missile-later-repaired/11393172002/", "date": "2023-02-24", "label": "Refuted", "location": "UA", "questions": [{"input_images": ["679f0c61e2f02e5f4992d789#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "Lobanovsky Avenue in Kyiv, Ukraine", "source_url": "https://twitter.com/TreyYingst/status/1629856320248745989", "source_medium": "Video"}], "question": "Where is the building in the image located?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["679f0c61e2f02e5f4992d789#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "It was hit by Russian rocket fire on February 26, 2022.", "source_url": "https://twitter.com/TreyYingst/status/1629856320248745989", "source_medium": "Video"}], "question": "What happened to the building located at Lobanovsky Avenue in the image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "Significant repairs had occurred by December, 2022", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230912191633/https://vechirniy-kyiv-ua.translate.goog/news/75657/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When did renovations to the building at Lobanovsky Avenue occur?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "Based on QA pairs, the claim is refuted. The building in the image was  hit by Russian rocket fire on February 26, 2022 and repaired significantly by  December, 2022.", "claim_text": "An image of a Kyiv building damaged and then later repaired proves that the war in Ukraine is fake.", "claim_images": ["679f0c61e2f02e5f4992d789#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Stew Peters", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.ph/VSBHF", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524131633/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.33DV76B", "date": "2023-04-24", "label": "Refuted", "location": "KE", "questions": [{"input_images": ["679f78d3e2f02e5f4992ebce#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Alain Wandimoyi/EPA (European Pressphoto Agency) on Shutterstock", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230430145820/https://archive.is/kxt2u", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who originally published the image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["679f78d3e2f02e5f4992ebce#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230430145820/https://archive.is/kxt2u#selection-893.0-893.32", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Dr Congo Tanker Explosion - Jul 2010"}], "question": "Is the image published by EPA on Shutterstock captioned?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230428053818/https://archive.is/rpxbr", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The AFP reported the tanker explosion in July 2010 that killed at least 230 people"}], "question": "Was a tanker explosion reported in the Democratic Republic of Congo in July of 2010?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The image claiming to show a cultic massacre which took place in Uganda in 2000, actually shows the Congo tanker explosion in July 2010 that killed at least 230 people.\n", "claim_text": "The image shows a cultic massacre which took place in Uganda in 2000", "claim_images": ["679f78d3e2f02e5f4992ebce#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "KIPRONO", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230427211545/https://archive.is/i3yGa#selection-429.163-429.273", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search", "Fact-checker Reference"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230209123406/https://www.vishvasnews.com/english/politics/fact-check-old-photo-of-pm-modi-sonia-gandhi-goes-viral-with-misleading-claim/", "date": "2023-01-16", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["679f7ba9e2f02e5f4992ee3f#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "August 12, 2021 in the Financial Express", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230123204833/https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/early-end-to-house-session-venkaiah-naidu-breaks-down-om-birla-expresses-anguish/2309183/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the photo originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["679f7ba9e2f02e5f4992ee3f#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230123204833/https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/early-end-to-house-session-venkaiah-naidu-breaks-down-om-birla-expresses-anguish/2309183/", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The meeting was a regular Lok Sabha House session that began on August 11, 2021 and lasted 21 hours. Reporting in the Financial Express was concurrent with the meeting."}], "question": "Was the meeting publicly reported at the time it occurred?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["679f7ba9e2f02e5f4992ee3f#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The photo was taken on August 11, 2021, during an official all-party meeting after the Lok Sabha session.  ", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230209123406im_/https://www.vishvasnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Sonia-1.jpg", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": " When was this photo actually taken?  ", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["679f7ba9e2f02e5f4992ee3f#INPUT#3#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The meeting aimed to encourage dialogue among political leaders for effective parliamentary discussions, not a secret BJP-Congress meeting.  \n", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230209123406/https://www.bhaskar.com/national/news/afghanistan-crisis-pm-narendra-modi-foreign-ministry-brief-floor-leaders-all-parties-meeting-128845332.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What was the purpose of this meeting?  ", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The question-answer pairs consistently show that the photo in question was taken on August 11, 2021, during an official all-party meeting following a Lok Sabha session. The event was publicly reported at the time by The Financial Express, and its purpose was to foster parliamentary dialogue, not to conduct a secret meeting between BJP and Congress leaders.", "claim_text": "Photo showing Sonia Gandhi, Adhir Ranjan Chowdhary, PM Modi, Lok Sabha speaker Om Birla and Amit Shah was taken during a secret meeting between the leaders of Congress and the BJP. ", "claim_images": ["679f7ba9e2f02e5f4992ee3f#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@insaniyat999", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FmnIwYmXEBUcfUt?format=jpg&name=small", "original_claim_url": "https://x.com/insaniyat999/status/1615042803557629952?mx=2", "reporting_source": "X (Formally Twitter)", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240227224218/https://www.boomlive.in/fact-check/fact-check-joshimath-uttarakhand-sinking-landslide-viral-photo-peru-viral-photo-image-20714", "date": "2023-01-08", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://x.com/boomlive_in/status/1613209387400835072", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "In January, 2023, houses were condemned when fissures appeared in the ground, and some people were asked to evacuate their homes."}], "question": "Did cracks and fissures ever appear in the ground in the area of Joshimath?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["679f7f44e2f02e5f4992f0b4#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "March 15, 2018 in The Landslide Blog", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240523115317/https://blogs.agu.org/landslideblog/2018/03/15/llusco-1/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["679f7f44e2f02e5f4992f0b4#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240523115317/https://blogs.agu.org/landslideblog/2018/03/15/llusco-1/", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "\"Deformation of the frontal portion of the displaced mass at Llusco in Peru. Image from a drone video posted to Youtube by Fameco Films and Art.\""}], "question": "Is the image that is published in The Landslide Blog on March 15, 2018 accompanied by a caption?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "Although the textual part of the claim is true, it's still refuted, as the image is misused in a wrong context. The image is from 2018 and shows deformation of the frontal portion of the displaced mass at Llusco in Peru. ", "claim_text": "Image shows cracks and fissures in the ground in the area of Joshimath in Uttarakhand, India.", "claim_images": ["679f7f44e2f02e5f4992f0b4#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "The Tatva", "transcription": "600 families of Uttarakhand's sinking Joshimath to be shifted to safer locations, plea in SC to declare it 'national disaster' Construction works around hills haulted. PMO takes charge.", "media_source": "https://scontent.flba3-2.fna.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/324237113_664083018802527_8334325196265470722_n.jpg?stp=dst-jpg_s640x640_tt6&_nc_cat=107&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=127cfc&_nc_ohc=eIQOeq72U6kQ7kNvgEwGNtX&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent.flba3-2.fna&_nc_gid=A6vI0oJ-pbNvd-0oBh8Z-Lt&oh=00_AYBSHIPSP2mWZrBVZLD_SAvJR0EUhjvKbY3ILxy5IyBtDg&oe=67844FF5", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/thetatvaindia/posts/764637758411872?ref=embed_post", "reporting_source": "Facebook User Post", "claim_types": ["Causal Claim", "Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230308101812/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.33AN9Y6", "date": "2023-02-28", "label": "Refuted", "location": "ZA", "questions": [{"input_images": ["679f8299e2f02e5f4992f5b8#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "2004", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230308142808/http://learningfromearthquakes.org/lfe/pdf/Japan_NiigataChuetsu_Ashford_Kawamata.pdf", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["679f8299e2f02e5f4992f5b8#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Damage from the 2004 Niigata-Shuetsu Earthquakes ", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230308142808/http://learningfromearthquakes.org/lfe/pdf/Japan_NiigataChuetsu_Ashford_Kawamata.pdf", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the image published in 2004 depict?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "It's an old photo from 2004 and it shows damage from the 2004 Niigata-Shuetsu Earthquakes in Japan, and not a bridge in South Africa damaged in 2023 by foreigners intent on selling the materials.\n .", "claim_text": "An image shows a bridge in South Africa damaged in 2023 by foreigners intent on selling the materials", "claim_images": ["679f8299e2f02e5f4992f5b8#CLAIM#0.jpg", "679f8299e2f02e5f4992f5b8#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@PigSpotter", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230307151735im_/https://archive.ph/bK0QG/2737ac1d94b8ca640a6e147a88c935c274954ad4.jpg,https://web.archive.org/web/20230307151735im_/https://archive.ph/bK0QG/5c8f46167621d3aa5a4c31f182d6e8649a8349b7.jpg", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230308152512/https://archive.ph/zi1eE#selection-397.0-397.11", "reporting_source": "X (Formally Twitter)", "claim_types": ["Causal Claim", "Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Image Analysis", "Fact-checker Reference"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted", "Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230408180032/https://misbar.com/en/factcheck/2023/02/19/this-photo-shows-a-robber-captured-in-ukraine-not-in-turkey", "date": "2022-02-27", "label": "Refuted", "location": "TR", "questions": [{"input_images": ["679f8f41e2f02e5f499303dd#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "February 27, 2022 on Twitter by @M16 ROGUE", "source_url": "https://x.com/mi6rogue", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["679f8f41e2f02e5f499303dd#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://x.com/mi6rogue", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "\"looter detained in #Kyiv. #UkraineUnderAttack\""}], "question": "Was the image captioned on Twitter by @M16 ROGUE?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The image is misused in a wrong context as it shows a looter in Ukraine on February 27, 2022, not Turkey.", "claim_text": "Photo shows a looter tied up in a Turkish street after robbing houses following the February, 2023 earthquake", "claim_images": ["679f8f41e2f02e5f499303dd#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@mi6rogue", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "", "reporting_source": "X (Formally Twitter)", "claim_types": ["Causal Claim", "Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240526191056/https://www.telugupost.com/english-factcheck/viral-post-of-worlds-heaviest-baby-is-false-1459679", "date": "2023-01-13", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Giantess Anna Bates (n\u00e9e Swan) (Canada, b. 6 August 1846; d. 5 August 1888), who measured 241.3 cm (7 ft 11 in), gave birth to a boy weighing 9.98 kg (22 lb) at her home in Seville, Ohio, USA, on 19 January 1879.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240526183316/https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/heaviest-birth", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "According to the Guinness World Records, what is the heaviest baby ever born?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["679f8f6ee2f02e5f49930686#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230614084105/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2009-09-23/woman-gives-birth-to-87kg-super-baby/1440266", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "A reverse image of the photo leads to news articles reporting the 2009 birth of an 8.7 kg baby in Indonesia"}], "question": "Is the image a photo of the baby born in 1879 to Anna Bates?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["679f8f6ee2f02e5f49930686#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://c8.alamy.com/comp/2T8XHNE/accident-hospital-20th-webergasse-2-6-operating-room-martin-gerlach-jun-1879-1944-photographer-1942-sculpture-negative-height-18-cm-width-23-5-cm-health-care-20th-district-brigittenau-hospital-the-vienna-collection-2T8XHNE.jpg", "source_medium": "Image/graphic", "boolean_explanation": "An 1879 operating room was much more primitive."}], "question": "Did a hospital room in 1879 have the equipment depicted in this image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240526183316/https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/heaviest-birth", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Anna Bates' baby was born at home."}], "question": "Was Anna Bates' baby born in a hospital?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "A baby boy born weighing 9.98 kg (22 lb)  in Seville, Ohio, USA, on 19 January 1879 holds the Guinness world record, not a baby born in Indonesia in 2009 (pictured).", "claim_text": "Photo shows an 8.6kg new born that is the Guinness world record holder for the heaviest baby born.", "claim_images": ["679f8f6ee2f02e5f49930686#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@pacik_kentang", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230116061039im_/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FmXJGnZakAAn7dd?format=jpg&name=medium", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230116061039/https://twitter.com/pacik_kentang/status/1613917164746215426", "reporting_source": "X (Formally Twitter)", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230521020444/https://digiteye.in/vande-bharat-train-driver-in-kerala-holding-umbrella-to-cover-from-water-leak-before-flag-off-fact-check/", "date": "2023-04-27", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["679f8f92e2f02e5f49930923#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "August 8, 2017", "source_url": "https://x.com/suchetadalal/status/895112733674266624", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "April 25, 2023", "source_url": "https://indianexpress.com/article/india/pm-modi-kerala-first-vande-bharat-train-8574735/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When did the inauguration of the Vande Bharat train in Kerala by PM Modi occur?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The image was originally published on August 8, 2017, while inauguration of the Vande Bharat train in Kerala by PM Modi occur on April 25, 2003.", "claim_text": "Vande Bharat train on its inauguration in 2023 was seen leaking rain water from the roof in Kerala.", "claim_images": ["679f8f92e2f02e5f49930923#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@Hisamud47588796", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230503182213im_/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/Fur57eIakAA1YiZ?format=jpg&name=medium", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230503182213/https://twitter.com/Hisamud47588796/status/1651407022829744128?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw", "reporting_source": "X (Formally Twitter)", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241227004609/https://www.fox61.com/article/news/verify/world-verify/photo-of-q-shaman-brazil-not-from-january-bolsonaro-protests-fact-check/536-5d427936-c62f-4e4d-a633-24f105b38427", "date": "2023-01-08", "label": "Refuted", "location": "BR", "questions": [{"input_images": ["679f9df4e2f02e5f49931b68#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "September, 2021 by photographer Guilherme Gandolfi", "source_url": "https://www.diariodocentrodomundo.com.br/bolsonarista-fantasia-viking-capitolio/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["679f9df4e2f02e5f49931b68#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "Gandolfi published the image as part of coverage of the 2021 Independence Day rally hosted by Bolsonaro in Sao Paulo to garner support.", "source_url": "https://www.diariodocentrodomundo.com.br/bolsonarista-fantasia-viking-capitolio/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What were the circumstances of Gandolfi's September, 2021 photo?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The image was misused in a wrong context as it was originally published in September, 2021 and showed the 2021 Independence Day rally hosted by Bolsonaro in Sao Paulo to garner support.", "claim_text": "A photo of a Bolsanaro protestor dressed as a Q-shaman was taken during the January, 2023 protests in Brasilia", "claim_images": ["679f9df4e2f02e5f49931b68#CLAIM#0.jpg", "679f9df4e2f02e5f49931b68#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@hodgetwins", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://x.com/hodgetwins/status/1612218060638658560?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230307180745/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.339P9L3", "date": "2023-02-18", "label": "Refuted", "location": "NG", "questions": [{"input_images": ["679fa26ee2f02e5f49931e0f#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "February 7, 2023", "source_url": "https://archive.ph/M0orU", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["679fa26ee2f02e5f49931e0f#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The money shown was seized from a leading commercial bank in Abuja Central Area by the EFCC", "source_url": "https://archive.ph/M0orU#selection-487.117-487.165", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What were the circumstances of the image published on February 7, 2023?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["679fa26ee2f02e5f49931e0f#INPUT#2#0.jpg", "679fa26ee2f02e5f49931e0f#INPUT#2#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The images are from a video showing the EFCC raiding an unnamed bank on February 7, 2023", "source_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WKk6vKzuYOI", "source_medium": "Video"}], "question": "What are the circumstances of the other images?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The image 2 shows the money seized from a leading commercial bank in Abuja Central Area by the EFCC on February 7, 2023. The image 0 and 1 are snapshots from a video showing the EFCC raiding an unnamed bank on February 7, 2023. Therefore, the images are unrelated to Bola Tinubu.", "claim_text": "400 billion naira was seized from the home of the ruling All Progressives Congress\u2019s (APC) presidential candidate, Bola Tinubu,  by the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) on the orders of Nigerian president Muhammadu Buhari ", "claim_images": ["679fa26ee2f02e5f49931e0f#CLAIM#0.jpg", "679fa26ee2f02e5f49931e0f#CLAIM#1.jpg", "679fa26ee2f02e5f49931e0f#CLAIM#2.jpg", "679fa26ee2f02e5f49931e0f#CLAIM#3.jpg", "679fa26ee2f02e5f49931e0f#CLAIM#4.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Igbo Times Magazine", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.ph/TeWAP", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20231003072806/https://www.telugupost.com/english-factcheck/viral-image-of-destruction-due-to-bombing-is-not-from-waziristan-but-lahore-1462750", "date": "2023-02-11", "label": "Refuted", "location": "PK", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a0c1bde2f02e5f49944da2#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "May 27, 2009 in the Wall Street Journal", "source_url": "https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB124342897485858459", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a0c1bde2f02e5f49944da2#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "At least 30 people died and dozens were wounded in an explosion at a police building in the eastern Pakistani city of Lahore.", "source_url": "https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB124342897485858459", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the context of the image published on May 27, 2009 in the Wall Street Journal?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The image is used in a wrong context as it shows May 27, 2009 explosion at a police building in the eastern Pakistani city of Lahore and not a 2023 bombing in Waziristan, Pakistan.", "claim_text": "An image is from a 2023 bombing in Waziristan, Pakistan", "claim_images": ["67a0c1bde2f02e5f49944da2#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@rearr", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "", "reporting_source": "X (Formally Twitter)", "claim_types": ["Causal Claim", "Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted", "Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230327144122/https://www.vishvasnews.com/english/viral/fact-check-news-of-couple-clearing-ias-exam-is-six-years-old-shared-with-misleading-claim/", "date": "2023-02-16", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a0c20de2f02e5f4994505d#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "June 1, 2017 in the Press Reader", "source_url": "https://www.pressreader.com/india/hindustan-times-lucknow/20170601/281513636113097", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a0c20de2f02e5f4994505d#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "Dr. Yogesh Kumar and Dr. Avlokita Ashok, a couple, passed the IAS examination together", "source_url": "https://www.pressreader.com/india/hindustan-times-lucknow/20170601/281513636113097", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What are the circumstances of the image published on June 1, 2017 in the Press Reader?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "Although the textual part or the claim is correct, the verdict is refuted, since Dr. Yogesh Kumar and Dr. Avlokita Ashok, a couple, passed the IAS examination together on June 1, 2017 and not 2023.", "claim_text": "Dr. Yogesh Kumar and Dr. Avlokita Ashok, a couple, passed the IAS examination together in 2023", "claim_images": ["67a0c20de2f02e5f4994505d#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Ashish Yt", "transcription": "\u201ccongratulations on the selection of both IAS, which brightened the name of Bahujan Samaj.\u201d #IAS #IAS #Jaibhim", "media_source": "https://perma.cc/ND8H-PE99", "original_claim_url": "https://perma.cc/ND8H-PE99", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Keyword Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": [], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240809100954/https://www.boomlive.in/fact-check/paracetamol-p-500-machupo-virus-hoax-fact-check-health-hoax-22075", "date": "2023-05-09", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a0c2f9e2f02e5f49945320#INPUT#0#0.jpg", "67a0c2f9e2f02e5f49945320#INPUT#0#1.jpg", "67a0c2f9e2f02e5f49945320#INPUT#0#2.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "August 9, 2017 on Facebook", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=252656158575946&set=pcb.958767220929969", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When were the images originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a0c2f9e2f02e5f49945320#INPUT#1#0.jpg", "67a0c2f9e2f02e5f49945320#INPUT#1#1.jpg", "67a0c2f9e2f02e5f49945320#INPUT#1#2.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=252656188575943&set=pcb.958767220929969", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The images were accompanied by an urgent warning \"not to take the paracetamol that comes written P/500. It is a new, very white and shiny paracetamol, doctors prove to contain \"Machupo\" virus considered one of the most dangerous viruses in the world.\""}], "question": "Were the images published on Facebook in 2017 accompanied by a caption?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230210053816/https://www.hsa.gov.sg/announcements/news/hsa-addresses-hoax-alert-regarding-machupo-virus-found-in-paracetamol-tablets", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The Health Sciences Authority of Singapore refuted the claims as a hoax and advised, \"The \u201cMachupo\" virus infection is contracted by direct contact with the virus, which has been shown to be transmitted mainly by the saliva, faeces and urine of infected rodents.\"\n\n"}], "question": "Did health authorities voice an opinion about paracetamol tainted with Machupo virus?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "Based on QA pairs, the claim is refuted as the Health Sciences Authority of Singapore refuted the claims as a hoax and advised, \"The \u201cMachupo\" virus infection is contracted by direct contact with the virus, which has been shown to be transmitted mainly by the saliva, faeces and urine of infected rodents.\"\n ", "claim_text": "Paracetamol P-500 tablets contain Machupo virus.", "claim_images": ["67a0c2f9e2f02e5f49945320#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67a0c2f9e2f02e5f49945320#CLAIM#1.jpg", "67a0c2f9e2f02e5f49945320#CLAIM#2.jpg", "67a0c2f9e2f02e5f49945320#CLAIM#3.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@Kamnixes", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230517061858/https://twitter.com/Kamnixes/status/1656268413277290496", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Reverse Image Search", "Keyword Search", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240827202538/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.339A4VL", "date": "2023-02-13", "label": "Refuted", "location": "GB", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a0cc27e2f02e5f49947b89#INPUT#0#0.jpg", "67a0cc27e2f02e5f49947b89#INPUT#0#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The images show a writer based in Massachusetts who identified himself as Cameron Fuller in a phone interview with The Associated Press.", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/56UE-UEDK", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the name of the person in the images?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/QKT7-CSXK", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The suspect was identified by Michigan State University Police as 43-year-old Anthony Dwayne McRae, a Black man, who died from a self-inflicted gunshot wound."}], "question": "Did Michigan authorities name the suspect in the Michigan State University shootings on February 13, 2023?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The person in the image is Cameron Fuller and has nothing to do with the shooting.  The  gunman was identified as a 43-year-old Anthony Dwayne McRae, a Black man, who died from a self-inflicted gunshot wound.", "claim_text": "Images show Lynn Dee Walker, the shooter at Michigan State University's campus on February 13, 2023", "claim_images": ["67a0cc27e2f02e5f49947b89#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67a0cc27e2f02e5f49947b89#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@bretugoddo", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230220105732/https://web.archive.org/web/20230214030658/https://twitter.com/bretugoddo/status/1625326432598519809", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241210040438/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.33BP3HF", "date": "2023-02-22", "label": "Refuted", "location": "ZA", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a0d145e2f02e5f49947e44#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "In February, 2021 in a French-language news report about a couple arrested in Cameroon for illicit alcohol and drugs", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/7QCT-YLKL", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a0d145e2f02e5f49947e44#INPUT#1#0.jpg", "67a0d145e2f02e5f49947e44#INPUT#1#1.jpg", "67a0d145e2f02e5f49947e44#INPUT#1#2.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "In February, 2023 in a Facebook post by the Ivory Coast's trade ministry announcing the arrest of suspects for counterfeit liquor", "source_url": "https://archive.ph/ht4vo", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When were the images originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_regions_of_Africa", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "They are in Middle and Western Africa, respectively."}], "question": "Are Cameroon and Ivory Coast in South Africa?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The image 0 is from Cameroon and images 1,2,and 3 are from Ivory Coast and therefore are unrelated to the claim \"Images show illicit alcohol seized in South Africa in 2023.\"\n", "claim_text": "Images show illicit alcohol seized in South Africa in 2023", "claim_images": ["67a0d145e2f02e5f49947e44#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67a0d145e2f02e5f49947e44#CLAIM#1.jpg", "67a0d145e2f02e5f49947e44#CLAIM#2.jpg", "67a0d145e2f02e5f49947e44#CLAIM#3.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@MDNnewss", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.ph/Ut2B8", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241207055418/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.338N9EQ", "date": "2023-02-07", "label": "Refuted", "location": "TR", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a0d69fe2f02e5f4994810d#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The image of the dog is a stock image credited to Jaroslav Noska which appears on Shutterstock. ", "source_url": "https://archive.vn/UgdeE", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the source of the image of the dog?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a0d69fe2f02e5f4994810d#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "October 18, 2018", "source_url": "https://archive.vn/Sjm0T", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image of the dog taken by Jaroslav Noska?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a0d69fe2f02e5f4994810d#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The image of the child is a stock image credited to Zapylaieva Hanna which appears on Shutterstock. ", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230216235707/https://archive.vn/WS6UH", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the source of the image of the child?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a0d69fe2f02e5f4994810d#INPUT#3#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://archive.vn/lvceB", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Zapylaieva Hanna's photo of the child was published in an article from November, 2020"}], "question": "Has Zapylaieva Hanna's photo of the child been published prior to 2023?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a0d69fe2f02e5f4994810d#INPUT#4#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The image of the old man was published in 1999 in connection with an earthquake in Turkey", "source_url": "https://archive.vn/fKjwt", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the earliest publication date of the image of the old man?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a0d69fe2f02e5f4994810d#INPUT#5#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The image of the damaged building was published in Janaruy, 2020 in connection with an earthquake in Turkey", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230207152130/https://archive.vn/YEBKw", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image of the damaged building originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "None of these photos are related to the earthquakes that rocked Turkey in February, 2023. The photo of the dog was taken in 2018, the image of the child was taken in 2020, the image of the old man was published in 1999 and the image of the damaged building was published in January, 2020 in connection with an earthquake in Turkey", "claim_text": "Photos show the aftermath of the violent earthquakes that rocked Turkey in February, 2023", "claim_images": ["67a0d69fe2f02e5f4994810d#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67a0d69fe2f02e5f4994810d#CLAIM#1.jpg", "67a0d69fe2f02e5f4994810d#CLAIM#2.jpg", "67a0d69fe2f02e5f4994810d#CLAIM#3.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230210071202/https://archive.ph/cx6su", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240914142138/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.33C669U", "date": "2023-03-24", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a0dfb4e2f02e5f49948984#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "May 22, 2022 by 90.5 WESA", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/P38J-RB4Y", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a0dfb4e2f02e5f49948984#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Then Pennsylvania Lt. Gov. and U.S. Senate Democratic nominee John Fetterman, left, and his wife, Gisele, leave Penn Medicine Lancaster General Hospital following his discharge from treatment for a stroke he suffered on May 13, 2022 while campaigning.\n", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/P38J-RB4Y", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What are the circumstances of the photo published by 90.5 WESA on May 22, 2022?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The focal length of a camera's lens and exposure to light can distort people's faces in photos.", "source_url": "http://www.princeton.edu/~epiazza/papers/Banks%20et%20al%20%282014%29.pdf", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Why does Fetterman look slightly different in the photo published on May 22, 2022?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The verdict is refuted, since it's a 2022 picture of then Pennsylvania Lt. Gov. and U.S. Senate Democratic nominee John Fetterman, left, and his wife, Gisele, leave Penn Medicine Lancaster General Hospital following his discharge from treatment for a stroke he suffered on May 13, 2022 while campaigning.  Fetterman looks slightly different in this photo because the focal length of a camera's lens and exposure to light can distort people's faces in photos.\n", "claim_text": "Photo shows a body double that replaced US Senator John Fetterman after he admitted himself to the hospital in February 2023 for clinical depression.", "claim_images": ["67a0dfb4e2f02e5f49948984#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67a0dfb4e2f02e5f49948984#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@catturd2", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230328044853/https://archive.is/avUZS", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241125072221/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.33C48UL", "date": "2023-03-20", "label": "Refuted", "location": "KE", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a0e248e2f02e5f49948f0f#INPUT#0#0.jpg", "67a0e248e2f02e5f49948f0f#INPUT#0#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "October 29, 2019 on NEWS WIRES", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230328171542/https://archive.is/oclWB", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When were the images originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a0e248e2f02e5f49948f0f#INPUT#1#0.jpg", "67a0e248e2f02e5f49948f0f#INPUT#1#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "A Chilean protester clashes with security forces several hours after embattled President Sebastian Pinera announced a cabinet reshuffle in his latest bid to end 10 days of street demonstrations in October, 2019.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230328171542/https://archive.is/oclWB", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What do the images published by NEWS WIRES on October 29, 2019 depict?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The images are from October 29, 2019 and show a Chilean protester clashing with security forces and not a protester tackling a riot police officer during a March, 2023 opposition rally in Kenya.", "claim_text": "Images show a protester tackling a riot police officer during a March, 2023 opposition rally in Kenya", "claim_images": ["67a0e248e2f02e5f49948f0f#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67a0e248e2f02e5f49948f0f#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@MKMadoka_", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230328171542/https://archive.is/k8V6q", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search", "Keyword Search", "Geolocation"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230601014611/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.33FZ772", "date": "2023-05-15", "label": "Refuted", "location": "LK", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a0e81ce2f02e5f499491ec#INPUT#0#0.jpg", "67a0e81ce2f02e5f499491ec#INPUT#0#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The photos show four-year-old Minsa Mariam Jacob of Qatar before her death.", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/ZAH7-24DE", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is the little girl depicted in the images?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Minsa, whose parents hail from Kerala, was found dead on her birthday inside her school bus on Sunday, September 11, 2022. According to reports, the four-year-old was left alone inside a locked school bus for over four hours. She died due to exposure to severe heat. ", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/ZAH7-24DE", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What were the circumstances of Minsa Mariam Jacob's death in Qatar?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The photos show four-year-old Minsa Mariam Jacob of Qatar before her death on September 11, 2022 due to exposure to severe heat in a locked school bus. ", "claim_text": "Images show a Sri Lankan girl, Dilushika Leioni, who died after she was locked inside a washing machine", "claim_images": ["67a0e81ce2f02e5f499491ec#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67a0e81ce2f02e5f499491ec#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Dilshan Chathuranga", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.ph/N36CC", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240411142416/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.33G26E2", "date": "2023-05-12", "label": "Refuted", "location": "ET", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a1009de2f02e5f4994a59b#INPUT#0#0.jpg", "67a1009de2f02e5f4994a59b#INPUT#0#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The photos were published in September, 2019 by the Italian architectural firm Stefano Boeri Architetti", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230525233551/https://archive.ph/ytP1G", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When were the images originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a1009de2f02e5f4994a59b#INPUT#1#0.jpg", "67a1009de2f02e5f4994a59b#INPUT#1#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The images depict a smart forest city in Mexico.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230525233551/https://archive.ph/ytP1G", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What do the images published in September, 2019 by Stefano Boeri Architetti depict?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a1009de2f02e5f4994a59b#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The location of the winding road is in a forest in Bayern, Germany. ", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230525113003/https://archive.ph/D4lPO", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the location of the winding road in the image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "Based on the QA pairs, the images are not related to the claim as images 2 and 4 show  a smart forest city in Mexico and image 1 shows the winding road in a forest in Bayern, Germany. There is no indication what image 0 shows, but since the other 3 images are refuted, the whole claim is refuted.", "claim_text": "Photos show the design of a $900 billion palace by Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed for construction in Addis Ababa", "claim_images": ["67a1009de2f02e5f4994a59b#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67a1009de2f02e5f4994a59b#CLAIM#1.jpg", "67a1009de2f02e5f4994a59b#CLAIM#2.jpg", "67a1009de2f02e5f4994a59b#CLAIM#3.jpg", "67a1009de2f02e5f4994a59b#CLAIM#4.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Ethiopiawinet", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230525130641/https://archive.ph/0FsNv", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search", "Geolocation"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230509054853/https://cambodia.factcrescendo.com/english/sculptures-in-ghana-falsely-claimed-as-khmer-women-tortured-by-vietnamese/", "date": "2023-04-20", "label": "Refuted", "location": "KH", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The Khmer Rouge was a brutal regime that ruled Cambodia, under the leadership of Marxist dictator Pol Pot, from 1975 to 1979.", "source_url": "https://www.history.com/topics/cold-war/the-khmer-rouge", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When did the Khmer Rouge regime exist?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a58e4ee2f02e5f49994790#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "In 2023 on Reddit", "source_url": "https://www.reddit.com/r/pics/comments/12twadn/the_photo_is_of_an_art_installation_created_by/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image first published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a58e4ee2f02e5f49994790#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The photo is of an art installation created by Ghanaian artist Kwame Akoto-Bamfo in 2010", "source_url": "https://www.reddit.com/r/pics/comments/12twadn/the_photo_is_of_an_art_installation_created_by/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the image published in 2023 on Reddit depict?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "Based on QA pairs, the claim is refuted as it's the photo of an art installation created by Ghanaian artist Kwame Akoto-Bamfo in 2010 and not a scene of Khmer women during the Khmer Rouge regime (1975-1979) who had been tortured by Vietnam.", "claim_text": "Scene of Khmer women during the Khmer Rouge regime who had been tortured by Vietnam. ", "claim_images": ["67a58e4ee2f02e5f49994790#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "\u179c\u17b7\u179a\u17c8 \u1793\u17b6\u179a\u17b8 \u1780\u17d2\u179b\u17b6\u17a0\u17b6\u1793", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://scontent-lga3-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/342063423_568483242049149_3035723924729465471_n.jpg?_nc_cat=102&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=833d8c&_nc_ohc=90bvyi_DGT4Q7kNvgG0xwyw&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-lga3-1.xx&_nc_gid=AcuAOpPNdWZBj5j18QpUSnh&oh=00_AYCzMHZ51avT-6JsQLAlgSTS3w-OQh806bh0fhlmkbqaMQ&oe=6787B53B", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230509061559/https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=3523868824536649&set=a.1387652624824957", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240615110145/https://www.altnews.in/mexican-artists-work-viral-as-pallava-sculpture-showing-use-of-computer-in-ancient-india/", "date": "2022-08-08", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a58f8ae2f02e5f49994c13#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "In September, 2018 on Instagram", "source_url": "https://www.instagram.com/p/BnVGnBnBuGC/?hl=en", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a58f8ae2f02e5f49994c13#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The artwork of Raul Cruz", "source_url": "https://www.artstation.com/artwork/2xyYyY", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the image depict?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The image is actually a modern artwork of Raul Cruz, first published in 2018 on Instagram and not an ancient sculpture made 1400 years ago in India.", "claim_text": "An ancient sculpture showing a man sitting at a computer was made 1400 years ago in India during the time of a Pallava King.", "claim_images": ["67a58f8ae2f02e5f49994c13#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@VeereVishal", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230131101538im_/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FZpiTLiVEAA4yBD?format=jpg&name=medium", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230203041439/https://web.archive.org/web/20230131101536/https://twitter.com/VeereVishal/status/1556664710048518146", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230528133242/https://www.vishvasnews.com/english/viral/fact-check-viral-photo-of-plane-submerged-in-water-is-not-of-malaysia-airlines-aircraft-mh-370/", "date": "2023-05-02", "label": "Refuted", "location": "MY", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "March 8, 2014 over the Indian Ocean", "source_url": "https://www.ga.gov.au/about/projects/marine/mh370-data-release", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When did Malaysia Airlines flight MH-370 go missing?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a590e0e2f02e5f49995098#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "July 22, 2022 by CNN about an abandoned plane on the floor of the Red Sea", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230527180606/https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/red-sea-underwater-abandoned-plane/index.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The verdict is refuted, since it's not a picture of the missing Malaysia Airlines flight MH-370 but an abandoned jet, sunk in 2019 in the Red Sea to create an artificial reef to encourage marine life.", "claim_text": "Malaysia Airplane MH370, which disappeared, was found nine years later under the ocean with no human skeleton.  ", "claim_images": ["67a590e0e2f02e5f49995098#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Laban Thuo", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://scontent-lga3-2.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/344766147_2013171715695435_4953102597621134822_n.jpg?_nc_cat=109&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=833d8c&_nc_ohc=ukQR1VpvnwsQ7kNvgFRfzqZ&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-lga3-2.xx&_nc_gid=AHxg8GnmPbHd02Set7aO-sx&oh=00_AYDJt-hbh-ogUPCWzn-7LqEJZDubUJcDuza9eJcRwBKLhg&oe=6787ABDF", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230504102524/https://www.facebook.com/robbiethuo123.0/posts/pfbid0aCdMymXnPTbAmqVSwhwKvLimqUAGUesth9AkyWo8shvyoT3C4yuX2CrxGQyP1AtTl", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Reverse Image Search", "Keyword Search", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230307054957/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.33A882B", "date": "2023-02-27", "label": "Refuted", "location": "TH", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Tantawan Tuatulanon and Orawan Phupong", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/63W7-R6J4", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who were the two Thai protestors who were being held under the kingdom's tough royal insult laws?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a59390e2f02e5f49995523#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://archive.ph/CXj3e", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Tantawan Tuatulanon and Orawan Phupong were carried to medical help on stretchers while the two women in the tent prepare supplies."}], "question": "Are the persons in the image Tantawan Tuatulanon and Orawan Phupong?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "Based on the QA pairs, the women in the image are not the Thai activists, Tantawan Tuatulanon and Orawan Phupong, but two women in the tent who prepare supplies while   Tantawan Tuatulanon and Orawan Phupong were carried to medical help on stretchers.", "claim_text": "Image shows Thai activists looking healthy despite being on hunger strike for the abolition of the kingdom's royal insult laws.", "claim_images": ["67a59390e2f02e5f49995523#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Pintira Singhalaka", "transcription": "\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e2d\u0e14\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e23 \u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e19\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e02\u0e49\u0e32\u0e27 \u0e2d\u0e22\u0e39\u0e48\u0e43\u0e19\u0e04\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e48\u0e30.. \u0e01\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e0b\u0e30\u0e17\u0e36\u0e1a \u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e19\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19\u0e44\u0e1b \u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19\u0e21\u0e32\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e48..(\"So you said you are on hunger strike, but eat in a tent. Trying not to make people see. Not good enough. Try again next time.)", "media_source": "https://ghostarchive.org/archive/replay/w/id-c4aa5de43e6f/im_/https://scontent-hou1-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/334002977_575137591201320_2070303532268255468_n.jpg?stp=dst-jpg_p526x296&_nc_cat=109&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=730e14&_nc_ohc=5qtEkD0bvfwAX-Y5_Mv&_nc_ht=scontent-hou1-1.xx&oh=00_AfA74lioZEobA_Rh66m1Sxv_Yk6W2xMHYmLuZB1nhVQngA&oe=6401B527", "original_claim_url": "https://ghostarchive.org/archive/Ffgfi", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Reverse Image Search", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230324032828/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2023/02/23/fact-check-kentucky-birds-died-blunt-force-trauma-not-chemicals-east-palestine-ohio-derailment/11305195002/", "date": "2023-02-16", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "February 3, 2023", "source_url": "https://www.lawlion.com/news/east-palestine-train-derailment", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When did the train derailment in East Palestine, Ohio occur?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Evacuation orders were lifted Feb. 8, when Ohio Gov. Mike DeWine and other officials said it was safe for residents to return home.", "source_url": "https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/local/2023/02/17/fact-checking-claims-about-the-train-derailment-in-east-palestine/69917142007/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When were evacuation orders lifted and people allowed back into their homes after the train derailment in East Palestine, Ohio?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a6100b78ffc1b9fb6f5be6#INPUT#2#0.jpg", "67a6100b78ffc1b9fb6f5be6#INPUT#2#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "February 16, 2023, almost two weeks after the derailment occurred", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=200972465922418&set=a.115578441128488&type=3", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When were the dead birds found in Kentucky 350 miles away?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "There is no evidence of harm to wildlife or livestock other than the roughly 3,500 fish killed in the immediate area of the derailment shortly after it happened.", "source_url": "https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/local/2023/02/17/fact-checking-claims-about-the-train-derailment-in-east-palestine/69917142007/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Did officials note any harm to wildlife as a result of the train derailment in East Palestine, Ohio?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a6100b78ffc1b9fb6f5be6#INPUT#4#0.jpg", "67a6100b78ffc1b9fb6f5be6#INPUT#4#1.jpg", "67a6100b78ffc1b9fb6f5be6#INPUT#4#2.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "Severe thunderstorms rolled through the area in the early morning of February 16, 2023 immediately before the birds were found. Wildlife inspectors attributed the deaths to blunt force trauma.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230319104839/https://www.lex18.com/news/several-dead-birds-in-haltech-parking-lot-in-lexington-following-severe-thunderstorms", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What are the bird deaths attributable to?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "Based on QA pairs, the claim is refuted as the birds in the pictures died due to blunt force trauma received during thunderstorms.", "claim_text": "Kentucky Birds died due to Ohio train derailment and spillage of chemicals. ", "claim_images": ["67a6100b78ffc1b9fb6f5be6#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67a6100b78ffc1b9fb6f5be6#CLAIM#1.jpg", "67a6100b78ffc1b9fb6f5be6#CLAIM#2.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Rebel Wolfe", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=200972465922418&set=a.115578441128488&type=3", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Causal Claim", "Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted", "Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240722203623/https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2023/02/fact-check-stew-peters-graphic-does-not-show-trajectory-of-east-palestine-gas-plume.html", "date": "2023-02-16", "label": "Refuted", "location": "PS", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The train derailment occurred on February 3, 2023", "source_url": "https://www.lawlion.com/news/east-palestine-train-derailment", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When did the train derailment in East Palestine, Ohio occur?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a6156478ffc1b9fb6f6083#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "NOAA used a system called the Hysplit Model. Hysplit is a complete system for computing simple air parcel trajectories, as well as complex transport, dispersion, chemical transformation, and deposition simulations. The result is a simulation, not actual tracking or absolute verification of a trajectory.", "source_url": "https://www.arl.noaa.gov/hysplit/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What system did NOAA use to track the plume of toxic gas from the train derailment in East Palestine, Ohio?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.arl.noaa.gov/hysplit/", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The Hysplit Model operated continuously throughout and is currently operational."}], "question": "Did NOAA shut down the Hysplit System during the production of simulations from the East Palestine train derailment?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "Based on QA pairs, NOAA didn't shut down, but operated continuously throughout and is currently operational. Besides, it didn't show a real map of how far a deadly plume from a train derailment in East Palestine, Ohio had traveled, but a simulation.", "claim_text": "By February 16, 2023, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) shut down access to a website that showed a real map of how far a deadly plume from a train derailment in East Palestine, Ohio had traveled ", "claim_images": ["67a6156478ffc1b9fb6f6083#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Stew Peters @realstewpeters", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://x.com/realstewpeters/status/1626368592160649216", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Causal Claim", "Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Numerical Comparison"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted", "Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230131140207/https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2022/12/fact-check-black-eyes-of-famous-people-not-caused-by-covid-vaccine.html", "date": "2022-11-28", "label": "Refuted", "location": "", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.hackensackmeridianhealth.org/en/healthu/2021/01/11/a-simple-breakdown-of-the-ingredients-in-the-covid-vaccines", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "None of the Covid vaccines contain any live material, including parasites. All of them are completely synthetic."}], "question": "Do Covid vaccines contain vril parasites?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The first Covid vaccines were administered in December, 2020", "source_url": "https://publichealth.wustl.edu/why-older-people-are-among-the-first-to-get-the-vaccine/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When were the Covid vaccines first offered to the public?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a61f2d78ffc1b9fb6f8652#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "John McCain died on August 25, 2018, over two years before the Covid vaccine was approved to be administered", "source_url": "https://time.com/5179302/john-mccain-dies/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is John McCain's date of death?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a61f2d78ffc1b9fb6f8652#INPUT#3#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "Pope Francis had a black eye in September, 2017, after hitting his head on the Popemobile, three years before the Covid vaccines were administered.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221224181157/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/pope-francis-black-eye-popemobile-hit-head-cartagena-columbia-catholic-a7940186.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When did Pope Francis have a black eye?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a61f2d78ffc1b9fb6f8652#INPUT#4#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "On January 12, 2016, four years before Covid vaccines were administered, President Bush set off a White House scare when he fainted and fell off a couch while choking on a pretzel, officials said. After regaining consciousness, Bush looked like a pummeled prizefighter. He had a half-dollar-sized bruise on his left cheek and a busted lower lip, apparently from tumbling off the couch and hitting the floor.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230202043938/https://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/prez-chokes-pretzel-faints-article-1.490564", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When did George W. Bush have a black eye?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a61f2d78ffc1b9fb6f8652#INPUT#5#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "On January 6, 2015, five years before Covid vaccines were administered, the Democrat broke several ribs and facial bones after falling to the ground when when a piece of exercise equipment snapped at his Nevada home.", "source_url": "https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2899974/Sen-Harry-Reid-shows-black-eye-appearance-second-exercise-accident-three-years-left-broken-ribs-facial-bones.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When did Senator Harry Reid have a black eye?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "Based on the QA pairs, none of the Covid vaccines contain any live material, including parasites. The pictures of famous people, like John McCain, Pope Francis, G.W.Bush, Senator Harry Reid were taken before the first vaccine rolled out in December, 2020.", "claim_text": "A picture grid of famous people proves that vril parasites in the Covid vaccine cause black eyes.", "claim_images": ["67a61f2d78ffc1b9fb6f8652#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "giovannivillella", "transcription": "THE BLACK EYE CLUB Who is punching them?", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://www.instagram.com/p/Clhax4BBfi6/", "reporting_source": "Instagram", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221014173402/https://www.thequint.com/news/webqoof/men-killed-due-to-stinging-nettle-caterpillar-fact-check", "date": "2022-09-23", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a6230e78ffc1b9fb6f8b03#INPUT#0#0.jpg", "67a6230e78ffc1b9fb6f8b03#INPUT#0#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The insect is the Stinging Slug Caterpillar from India", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221016205112/https://www.whatsthatbug.com/stinging-slug-caterpillar-india/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the identity of the insect in the images?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The sting of the insect can cause burning and itching.", "source_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8145965/pdf/insects-12-00396.pdf", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What adverse effects can be caused by the Stinging Slug Caterpillar?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a6230e78ffc1b9fb6f8b03#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://marathi.indiatimes.com/maharashtra/jalgaon-news/a-father-and-a-son-of-nahave-village-in-chalisgaon-taluk-died-due-to-lightning/articleshow/94102358.cms", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The man and his son had been struck by lightning."}], "question": "Did the person in the image die from the Stinging Slug Caterpillar's sting?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "According to QA pairs, the claim is refuted. The insect in the images is the Stinging Slug Caterpillar from India, the sting of the insect can cause burning and itching. The man in the image 2 had been struck by lightning. ", "claim_text": "People die immediately after being stung by this insect", "claim_images": ["67a6230e78ffc1b9fb6f8b03#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67a6230e78ffc1b9fb6f8b03#CLAIM#1.jpg", "67a6230e78ffc1b9fb6f8b03#CLAIM#2.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "M.G TONS.2", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://perma.cc/875N-BJM7", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221204182810/https://www.thequint.com/news/webqoof/martyrs-day-photo-shared-as-aap-gujarat-roadshow-fact-check", "date": "2022-11-11", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a6267e78ffc1b9fb6f9262#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "On July 21, 2017", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/MamataBanerjeeOfficial/posts/1514236951976974", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a6267e78ffc1b9fb6f9262#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Supporters of the Indian Trinamool Congress Party (TMC) attend a mass meeting addressed by West Bengal chief minister and TMC chief Mamata Banerjee in Kolkata on July 21, 2017. Martyrs Day is observed by Trinamool Congress to commemorate the death of 13 Youth Congress workers in police firing in 1993. (Photo by Debajyoti Chakraborty/NurPhoto via Getty Images)", "source_url": "https://www.gettyimages.in/detail/news-photo/supporters-of-the-indian-trinamool-congress-party-attend-a-news-photo/820980852?phrase=martyrs%20day%20rally%20at%20kolkata&adppopup=true", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What were the circumstances of the image published on July 21, 2017?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The image shows massive crowds commemorating   Martyrs Day in Kolkata on July 21,2017 and not Aam Aadmi Party's roadshow in Gujarat.", "claim_text": "Image shows Aam Aadmi Party\u2019s Roadshow in Gujarat", "claim_images": ["67a6267e78ffc1b9fb6f9262#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "\u0905\u0935\u093f\u0930\u0924..\u0964\u0964", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://rejouer.perma.cc/replay-web-page/w/id-b6f38cb82dfe/im_/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FhRxexrUUAAf4GH?format=jpg&name=small", "original_claim_url": "https://perma.cc/F3TH-Y5KM", "reporting_source": "twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221026080944/https://www.boomlive.in/fact-check/fact-check-david-miller-die-hard-fan-demise-from-cancer-peddled-as-his-daughter-fake-news-19534", "date": "2022-10-07", "label": "Refuted", "location": "ZA", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a62a2078ffc1b9fb6f9713#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "David Miller identified her as Ane on his Instagram account on March 22, 2017 along with the hashtag #fighter", "source_url": "https://www.instagram.com/p/BR7eYh0AkL1/?igshid=MDJmNzVkMjY%3D", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is the young girl in the image with South African cricketer David Miller?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a62a2078ffc1b9fb6f9713#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.instagram.com/p/CjeB4c1M1qR/?igshid=MDJmNzVkMjY%3D", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "She was a fan of his who lost her battle with cancer."}], "question": "Is the young girl identified by David Miller as Ane his daughter?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is refuted as the image actually shows David Miller with Ane, a fan of his who lost her battle with cancer, and not his daughter.", "claim_text": "Image shows South African cricketer David Miller with his daughter who died of cancer.", "claim_images": ["67a62a2078ffc1b9fb6f9713#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67a62a2078ffc1b9fb6f9713#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221010130638/https://www.bhaskarhindi.com/sports/news/south-african-stars-daughter-playing-series-in-india-dies-414383", "reporting_source": "bhaskarhindi.com", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230401074643/https://en.youturn.in/factcheck/shah-rukh-khan-security-check-image.html", "date": "2022-11-13", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a664e978ffc1b9fb6fce8f#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "March 28, 2019 by MUR$ALIM VLOGS on YouTube", "source_url": "https://www.youtube.com/shorts/3MxWVqYbb6w", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a664e978ffc1b9fb6fce8f#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The video includes the image of Shah Rukh Khan being stopped at Mumbai airport security after winning a match ", "source_url": "https://www.youtube.com/shorts/3MxWVqYbb6w", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What was the context of the YouTube video dated March 28, 2019?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/shah-rukh-khan-ipl-2019-kolkata-knight-riders-kings-xi-punjab-5646752/lite/", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Shah Rukh Khan cheered for the KKR at Eden Gardens from the stands and later celebrated the win of his team over Kings XI Punjab by doing his iconic pose on the ground. He is shown wearing the same shirt as depicted in the airport security image on March 28, 2019."}], "question": "Did Shah Rukh Khan win a match in March, 2019 for which he would have gone through Mumbai airport?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/not-shah-rukh-khan-his-bodyguard-was-stopped-by-customs-at-mumbai-airport20221113101105/?amp=1", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "His bodyguard was stopped by customs at Mumbai airport on November 13, 2022."}], "question": "Was Shah Rukh Khan also frisked at airport security in November, 2022?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "Based on the QA pairs, the claim is refuted as the image was originally published March 28, 2019.", "claim_text": "An image taken in November, 2022 shows an official frisking Shah Rukh Khan at a Mumbai airport security check", "claim_images": ["67a664e978ffc1b9fb6fce8f#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@BeingArun28", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FhaljogVEAA8gh1?format=jpg&name=small", "original_claim_url": "https://x.com/beingarun28/status/1591641552786722818?s=46&t=CFXaFMAJEsFTBaC-XSTRUQ", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Keyword Search", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240227190805/https://checkyourfact.com/2023/05/02/fact-check-image-anti-macron-protests/", "date": "2023-04-29", "label": "Refuted", "location": "FR", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a7c3fc78ffc1b9fb70f214#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "July 15, 2018 by Abaca Press ", "source_url": "https://www.alamy.com/people-celebrate-on-the-champs-elysees-avenue-after-the-final-of-the-russia-2018-world-cup-football-match-between-france-and-croatia-in-paris-france-on-july-15-2018-photo-by-aurore-marechalabacapresscom-image386914524.html?irclickid=R1R2u%3AXsMxyNT%3Ao2Hy05kX%3AXUkAVij0dUQgswo0&utm_source=77643&utm_campaign=Shop%20Royalty%20Free%20at%20Alamy&utm_medium=impact&irgwc=1", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a7c3fc78ffc1b9fb70f214#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "People celebrate on the Champs Elysees Avenue after the final of the Russia 2018 World Cup Football Match between France and Croatia in Paris, France on July 15, 2018. Photo by Aurore Marechal ABACAPRESS.COM\n", "source_url": "https://www.alamy.com/people-celebrate-on-the-champs-elysees-avenue-after-the-final-of-the-russia-2018-world-cup-football-match-between-france-and-croatia-in-paris-france-on-july-15-2018-photo-by-aurore-marechalabacapresscom-image386914524.html?irclickid=R1R2u%3AXsMxyNT%3Ao2Hy05kX%3AXUkAVij0dUQgswo0&utm_source=77643&utm_campaign=Shop%20Royalty%20Free%20at%20Alamy&utm_medium=impact&irgwc=1", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the image dated July 15, 2018 by Abaca Press depict?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The image was taken out of context. Based on the evidence, the image shows People celebrate on the Champs Elysees avenue after the final of the Russia 2018 World Cup Football Match between France and Croatia in Paris, France on July 15, 2018 and not  an Anti-Emmanuel Macron protest. ", "claim_text": "Image shows an Anti-Emmanuel Macron protest.", "claim_images": ["67a7c3fc78ffc1b9fb70f214#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@dave_tubb3", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://pbs.twimg.com/media/Fu_ces3XwAIQnuN?format=png&name=small", "original_claim_url": "https://x.com/dave_tubb3/status/1652782021897342976?mx=2", "reporting_source": "X", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20231210204936/https://www.aap.com.au/factcheck/free-grocery-giveaways-only-deliver-fresh-phish/", "date": "2023-04-25", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a7ccd478ffc1b9fb70f741#INPUT#0#0.jpg", "67a7ccd478ffc1b9fb70f741#INPUT#0#1.jpg", "67a7ccd478ffc1b9fb70f741#INPUT#0#2.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20231204023536/http://blockclubchicago.org/2021/04/24/hundreds-turn-out-for-baby-formula-and-diaper-giveaway-that-almost-didnt-happen-after-some-walked-off-with-all-the-supplies/", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The images were taken from a diaper giveaway held by a church group in Chicago in 2021."}], "question": "Are the images shown from a food giveaway on Facebook?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a7ccd478ffc1b9fb70f741#INPUT#1#0.jpg", "67a7ccd478ffc1b9fb70f741#INPUT#1#1.jpg", "67a7ccd478ffc1b9fb70f741#INPUT#1#2.jpg", "67a7ccd478ffc1b9fb70f741#INPUT#1#3.jpg", "67a7ccd478ffc1b9fb70f741#INPUT#1#4.jpg", "67a7ccd478ffc1b9fb70f741#INPUT#1#5.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.foodbankrockies.org/about/programs/fresh/", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The images are from a charity event held in 2021 in Queensland by the local Salvation Army and Rotary groups."}], "question": "Are the images shown from a food giveaway on Facebook?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The posts are a form of phishing scam that aim to profit by collecting users' personal information.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20231204154117/https://www.scamwatch.gov.au/protect-yourself/attempts-to-gain-your-personal-information/phishing", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Why are images being used from other events for fake offers of free food on Facebook?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "Based on QA pairs, the claim is refuted. The pictures are from unrelated charity events and are used to scam users.", "claim_text": "Free food and household goods are being given away on Facebook.", "claim_images": ["67a7ccd478ffc1b9fb70f741#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67a7ccd478ffc1b9fb70f741#CLAIM#1.jpg", "67a7ccd478ffc1b9fb70f741#CLAIM#2.jpg", "67a7ccd478ffc1b9fb70f741#CLAIM#3.jpg", "67a7ccd478ffc1b9fb70f741#CLAIM#4.jpg", "67a7ccd478ffc1b9fb70f741#CLAIM#5.jpg", "67a7ccd478ffc1b9fb70f741#CLAIM#6.jpg", "67a7ccd478ffc1b9fb70f741#CLAIM#7.jpg", "67a7ccd478ffc1b9fb70f741#CLAIM#8.jpg", "67a7ccd478ffc1b9fb70f741#CLAIM#9.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "https://archive.md/Krlnv#selection-569.0-569.17", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://archive.md/Krlnv/42fd6c9882c8dbe73efacd443fac53e3c24d7372.jpg", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.md/Krlnv", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240903040855/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.33FB2HG", "date": "2023-05-11", "label": "Refuted", "location": "RU", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "On February 24, 2022 with the Russian invasion of Ukraine", "source_url": "https://www.crisisgroup.org/content/conflict-ukraines-donbas-visual-explainer", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When did the war between Russia and Ukraine begin?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a7cf3778ffc1b9fb70fc7a#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "On November 17, 2018 by Lenta.Ru", "source_url": "https://lenta.ru/news/2018/11/17/dontworry/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image of the fire originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a7cf3778ffc1b9fb70fc7a#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "A fire at the Moscow Oil Refinery", "source_url": "https://lenta.ru/news/2018/11/17/dontworry/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the image published by Lenta.Ru on November 17, 2018 depict?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "Based on QA pairs, the claim is refuted. The image shows a fire at the Moscow Oil Refinery on November 17, 2018 while the was in Ukraine started on February 24, 2022.", "claim_text": "Image shows a fire at a factory supplying aircraft engines to Russia's military amid its war in Ukraine. ", "claim_images": ["67a7cf3778ffc1b9fb70fc7a#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@panasiuk_mil", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230518184515im_/https://archive.is/TaM9h/ae6e7adfcef84669dd2ac3070bd5e325fd0c59f2.jpg", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230518182501/https://archive.is/TaM9h", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search", "Geolocation"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240719040810/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.33E79YU", "date": "2023-04-25", "label": "Refuted", "location": "KR", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.mois.go.kr/frt/bbs/type001/commonSelectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BBSMSTR_000000000012&nttId=89453", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The guidelines from South Korea's Interior Ministry make no mention of gloves"}], "question": "Does South Korea's Interior Ministry make any mention of proper protocol for women regarding gloves?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://archive.is/kbB5k", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The guidelines from South Korea's Ministry of Foreign Affairs make no mention of gloves"}], "question": "Does South Korea's Ministry of Foreign Affairs make any mention of proper protocol for women regarding gloves in its guidelines on Protocol and Courtesy?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/XY3R-S6KS", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "South Korean first lady Kim Keon-hee wore gloves when meeting with King Felipe VI of Spain and his wife Queen Letizia at the royal palace in Madrid"}], "question": "Has South Korean first lady Kim Keon-hee previously worn gloves when meeting foreign dignitaries?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "Based on QA pairs, the claim is refuted as no guidelines mention gloves  while meeting foreign dignitaries.", "claim_text": "Image shows South Korean first lady Kim Keon-hee breaching official protocol by wearing gloves.", "claim_images": ["67a7d3ce78ffc1b9fb7101b5#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67a7d3ce78ffc1b9fb7101b5#CLAIM#1.jpg", "67a7d3ce78ffc1b9fb7101b5#CLAIM#2.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Seong Min Park", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230503182633im_/https://archive.is/ZknRs/a586fde9c335cbf509078f1e1c45a3f57a9f91c3.jpg", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230503141043/https://archive.is/web/20230503141043/https://archive.is/ZknRs#selection-723.0-723.14", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted", "Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230310193735/https://srilanka.factcrescendo.com/english/heartwarming-story-of-the-hospitalized-patient-and-his-feathered-friend-is-it-true/", "date": "2020-09-30", "label": "Refuted", "location": "", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a7d89778ffc1b9fb7106f4#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Ioannis Protonotarios, whose father was in the adjacent bed in a hospital in Greece, took the photo on October 19, 2013", "source_url": "https://www.awesomescreenshot.com/image/37372667?key=a317316feff26e474f687c8eeefcb650", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who took the photo of the pigeon on the sleeping man?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a7d89778ffc1b9fb7106f4#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.thequint.com/news/webqoof/years-old-image-of-pigeon-on-hospital-patient-fact-check#read-more", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Protonotarios said, \"As I was sitting next to my father\u2019s bed I noticed this bird that was sitting atop of this man who was asleep. It was sitting there for quite a while so I took a picture.\""}], "question": "Did Ioannis Protonotarios witness the bird visiting the man repeatedly?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "Not a nurse, but the Greek Photographer, Ioannis Protonotarios took the photo of the pigeon. Besides,  Ioannis Protonotarios  did not witness the bird visiting the man repeatedly.", "claim_text": "A nurse took a photo of a patient who fed a bird daily in a park and was visited by the same bird while he was in the hospital.", "claim_images": ["67a7d89778ffc1b9fb7106f4#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67a7d89778ffc1b9fb7106f4#CLAIM#1.jpg", "67a7d89778ffc1b9fb7106f4#CLAIM#2.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Julian Tay", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230327032256im_/https://mustsharenews.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Pigeon-Visits-Man-In-Hospital-He-Apparently-Gets-No-Other-Visitors.jpg", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230327032256/https://mustsharenews.com/pigeon-visits-man/", "reporting_source": "Mustsharenews.com", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230528230019/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.33F43MZ", "date": "2023-04-18", "label": "Refuted", "location": "KR", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a7dd2178ffc1b9fb710eb7#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The x-ray images were published in March, 2013, ten years before Kwon's arrest, in the medical journal \"Nutrition & Diabetes\"", "source_url": "https://archive.vn/LyOl7", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When were the x-ray images originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a7dd2178ffc1b9fb710eb7#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3608895/", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The same x-rays appear in other academic databeses such as the National Library of Medicine."}], "question": "Do the x-ray images appear in any other medical or academic databases?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://archive.is/HdljX", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Repeated reports from Reuters do not mention a physical cryptocurrency wallet found on Kwon upon his arrest."}], "question": "Did any reports mention that a cryptocurrency wallet had been found on or in Kwon?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "Based on QA apirs, the claim is refuted. The images are misused in the wrong context .The x-ray images were published in March, 2013, ten years before Kwon's arrest, in the medical journal \"Nutrition & Diabetes\". Besides, no reports mentioned a physical cryptocurrency wallet found on Kwon upon his arrest.", "claim_text": "X-ray images show a cryptocurrency wallet hidden inside the body of fugitive South Korean entrepreneur Do Kwon that was found upon his arrest in Montenegro in March, 2023", "claim_images": ["67a7dd2178ffc1b9fb710eb7#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "reddito321", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://www.reddit.com/media?url=https%3A%2F%2Fpreview.redd.it%2Ftwitter-trezor-stick-found-in-terra-founder-do-kwon-during-v0-vjno0tji7pua1.png%3Fwidth%3D1080%26crop%3Dsmart%26auto%3Dwebp%26s%3D4cb8a8b9705e7b5c0a5bd7e34fecacf33102d571", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.vn/Q4QtW", "reporting_source": "reddit", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Satirical Source Identification", "Reverse Image Search", "Keyword Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240430170256/https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/batman-bearded-butcher-bill-smith/", "date": "2016-12-04", "label": "Refuted", "location": "GB", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a7e0c278ffc1b9fb711400#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The photo is the absurdist artwork of Foto Marvellini, a company that edits photographs to make them appear vintage. The mask was inserted by Foto Marvellini in post-production as deliberate deception.", "source_url": "https://www.fotomarvellini.com/portfolio/batbarbone/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who took the photo of the man in the \"bat\" mask?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Bob Kane and his partner Bill Finger created Batman. According to a 1998 New York Times obituary of Kane, he was inspired by \"a 1920s movie called \"The Mark of Zorro,\" a radio show called \"The Shadow\" and a 1930 movie called \"The Bat Whispers.\"", "source_url": "https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/learning/general/featured_articles/981109monday.html#:~:text=In%20creating%20Batman%20Kane%20said,his%20victims%2C%20and%20who%2C%20in", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who did create Batman?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "Based on QA pairs, the claim is refuted. The image is not vintage and it didn't inspire the creation of Batman. Bob Kane and his partner Bill Finger created Batman. According to a 1998 New York Times obituary of Kane, he was inspired by \"a 1920s movie called \"The Mark of Zorro,\" a radio show called \"The Shadow\" and a 1930 movie called \"The Bat Whispers.\"", "claim_text": "Batman was Inspired by a Vintage Pic of a Bearded, Masked Man Named Bill Smith", "claim_images": ["67a7e0c278ffc1b9fb711400#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://cdn-gephd.nitrocdn.com/UTsWEAfdvFGyAgAXOkkwybFLldBBpRty/assets/images/optimized/rev-a3000c9/www.suffolkgazette.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/original-batman-259x300.jpg", "reporting_source": "suffolkgazette.com", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Satirical Source Identification"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240113012954/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.33GT6CQ", "date": "2023-05-30", "label": "Refuted", "location": "KE", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a7e8a378ffc1b9fb71194b#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "May 6, 2019 in the Daily Post in connection with a Russian plane crash that killed 41 people", "source_url": "https://archive.ph/6AMmR", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image of the crashed plane originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://archive.ph/NfbuL", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "On May 31, 2023 KenyaAirports\nsuccessfully conducted a full-scale emergency drill at Jomo Kenyatta International Airport (JKIA) to enhance emergency response capabilities and preparedness. No plane crashed."}], "question": "Did any incident involving a plane occur on May 31, 2023 at JKIA?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "Based on QA pairs, the claim is refuted. There was no plane crash on May 31,2023 at Nairobi's Jomo Kenyatta International Airport (JKIA). The image was published on May 6, 2019 in the Daily Post in connection with a Russian plane crash that killed 41 people.", "claim_text": "On May 31, 2023, a plane crashed at Nairobi's Jomo Kenyatta International Airport (JKIA)", "claim_images": ["67a7e8a378ffc1b9fb71194b#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@darrenvickmell3", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://archive.ph/PXI7X/98c4f78fc989981d85374038986763b3af953415.jpg", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.ph/PXI7X", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230924093827/https://www.telugupost.com/english-factcheck/viral-image-of-a-submerged-plane-is-not-malaysian-airlines-flight-that-disappeared-in-2014-1474707", "date": "2023-05-01", "label": "Refuted", "location": "MY", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a7efc978ffc1b9fb7123d6#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The Tristar, an airplane sunk in the Red Sea in 2019. The old Lockheed Martin L1011 Tristar airplane has become an artificial reef and a world-class dive site. The wreck is mostly intact, with three engines still mounted on its wings and tail fin, cockpit seats and even toilets, all accessible to divers.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230924234902/https://www.scubadiving.com/from-skies-to-seas-abandoned-airplane-becomes-new-dive-site", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the object shown in the image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a7efc978ffc1b9fb7123d6#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "This Lockheed Martin L1011 Tristar airplane was photographed underwater in the Red Sea by US diving expert Brett Hoelzer.", "source_url": "https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/red-sea-underwater-abandoned-plane/index.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who photographed the image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The image doesn't show Malaysia Air plane MH370 , but The Tristar, an airplane sunk in the Red Sea in 2019.  The old Lockheed Martin L1011 Tristar airplane has become an artificial reef and a world-class dive site. ", "claim_text": "Malaysia Air plane MH370 has been found submerged in the ocean 9 years after going missing.", "claim_images": ["67a7efc978ffc1b9fb7123d6#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@RoyIsThaTruth", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FvIzUCBWAAIUCbO?format=jpg&name=small", "original_claim_url": "https://x.com/RoyIsThaTruth/status/1653440448852000774", "reporting_source": "x", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241225005542/https://cambodia.factcrescendo.com/english/cambodian-prime-minister-hun-sen-is-still-alive-unlike-the-claim-2/", "date": "2023-02-15", "label": "Refuted", "location": "KH", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a7f4a778ffc1b9fb71292f#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "May 4, 2017 in The Straits Times in connection with a fall the Prime Minister experienced.", "source_url": "https://archive.vn/wnTdK", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image of the Prime Minister in a hospital bed originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "On February 16, 2023, Prime Minister Hun Sen is shown receiving a courtesy call in person from the Commander of the Self-Defense Forces of Japan", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/hunsencambodia/posts/pfbid0qoieasbAPvy1MChSD8byVXDu2vYgaqngMCuaBgz5nwfRRVAXM44wijyKUGE6tEK2l", "source_medium": "Image/graphic"}], "question": "Was Prime Minister Hun Sen seen after February 15, 2023?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://www.britannica.com/biography/Hun-Sen", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "He was the Prime Minister through 2023."}], "question": "Is Prime Minister Hun Sen still alive?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The image was originallly published on May 4, 2017 in The Straits Times in connection with a fall the Prime Minister experienced. Prime Minister Hun Sen still alive and was a PM through 2023. ", "claim_text": "On February 15, 2023, Cambodian Prime Minister Hun Sen passed away.", "claim_images": ["67a7f4a778ffc1b9fb71292f#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": " \u1781\u17d2\u1798\u17c2\u179a \u179f\u17bb\u179c\u178e\u17d2\u178e\u1797\u17bc\u1798\u17b7", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://archive.vn/REtC2/7d56f18f3caac2ce458f5dc21c4d73058748ea6b.jpg", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.vn/REtC2#selection-354.0-375.16", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20231003064758/https://www.telugupost.com/english-factcheck/viral-image-of-padlocked-grave-makes-a-false-claim-about-necrophilia-1474659", "date": "2023-04-25", "label": "Refuted", "location": "PK", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://x.com/Gabbar0099/status/1652670920912441344", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "A Facebook post dated April 30, 2023 by Gabar states that the graveyard is in Hyderabad. The post shows other photos of the graveyard."}], "question": "Do other sources confirm the location of the grave in Pakistan?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/reel/631012145563575", "source_medium": "Video", "boolean_explanation": "A Facebook video discusses the false information about the locked grave and shows various photos and video of the locked grave in the Jamiya Masjid E Salar Mulk cemetery in Hyderabad."}], "question": "Do any sources confirm that the graveyard is in Hyderabad?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a7f8de78ffc1b9fb712e8e#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://earth.google.com/web/search/17.353262,78.5002568/@17.35328983,78.5002478,533.57855225a,0d,59.99999973y,34.99659687h,76.06179318t,0r/data=ClwaLhIoGWjr4GBvWjFAIYHmGDUEoFNAKhQxNy4zNTMyNjIsNzguNTAwMjU2OBgBIAEiJgokCV_4_Av2XDFAEbIjAdFoWjFAGblcUvnjoFNAIdY3MhTsn1NAQgIIASIaChYySXE5RVB1MjVaUjRsRUZmbWxlNUZnEAI6AwoBMEICCABKDQj___________8BEAA", "source_medium": "Image/graphic", "boolean_explanation": "The image is in the cemetery in Hyderabad"}], "question": "Does Google Earth show the location of the Jamiya Masjid E Salr Mulk cemetery in Hyderabad?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The evidence presented contradicts the location part of claim. The grave is located in Hyderabad, India and not Pakistan. There are no QA regarding necrophilia part of the claim, however the evidence source in the 2nd QA refutes that part. Therefore, the whole claim is refuted.", "claim_text": "Parents of young deceased girls in Pakistan are safeguarding their graves due to increased cases of necrophilia.\n\n", "claim_images": ["67a7f8de78ffc1b9fb712e8e#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@oasisbluez", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FupZ4H9WYAIU4GS?format=jpg&name=900x900", "original_claim_url": "https://x.com/oasisbluez/status/1651231046933835780", "reporting_source": "x", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Keyword Search", "Geolocation"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240917171246/https://factly.in/an-old-photo-of-mehbooba-mufti-offering-milk-to-goddess-ragnya-devi-is-shared-as-recent/", "date": "2023-02-19", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a80ada78ffc1b9fb713954#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "On June 12, 2016 by NDTV", "source_url": "https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/mehbooba-mufti-visits-kheer-bhawani-mela-meets-kashmiri-pandits-1418167", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a80ada78ffc1b9fb713954#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The image caption states: \"When a teary-eyed Mehbooba Mufti offered milk to Goddess Ragnya Devi at Kheer Bhawani, 27 kilometres from here on Sunday, she became first head of Muslim-majority Jammu and Kashmir in a long time to perform puja at Tulmul\u2019s famous Hindu temple.\"", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240914101147/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/return-to-kashmir-older-pandits-yearn-for-past-gen-next-finds-no-future/story-zNqPpvf6xvJomGMwpZbnNJ.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the context of the image shared by NDTV on June 12, 2016?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a80ada78ffc1b9fb713954#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": " The photo is from June 2016, when Mehbooba Mufti visited Kheer Bhavani Mandir, not recently."}], "question": " When was this photo actually taken?", "answer_method": "Image Analysis", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a80ada78ffc1b9fb713954#INPUT#3#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": " The claim wrongly states that the photo is recent, using it to suggest a post-Article 370 scenario, which is false."}], "question": "What is the claim about the photo?", "answer_method": "Image Analysis", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The image of Mehbooba Mufti offering milk at a temple is from June 2016, not February 2023, making the claim about the timing false.", "claim_text": "In February, 2023 Mehbooba Mufti was seen offering milk at a temple", "claim_images": ["67a80ada78ffc1b9fb713954#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Kundan Kumar Chaudhary", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230221170040/https://scontent-sjc3-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/332426042_1361044301295112_3476732694137489303_n.jpg?_nc_cat=101&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=5cd70e&_nc_ohc=sCYfT3LqLCwAX_KsieU&_nc_ht=scontent-sjc3-1.xx&oh=00_AfBcaM3n1lSm8SUlcWbs1CA67ZPbmPlJibQSOxFuuPZh9g&oe=63FA1F09", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230221170039/https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=1678595039226480&set=gm.1526246467865294&idorvanity=832267403929874", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Keyword Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240714210944/https://fakenews.pl/en/general/pizza-box-did-not-contribute-to-the-arrest-of-andrew-tate/", "date": "2022-12-29", "label": "Refuted", "location": "RO", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "On December 29, [2022], the police officers of the Bucharest Organized Crime Combating Brigade, together with the prosecutors of DIICOT - Central Structure, organized an operative action, in a criminal case, in which investigations are being carried out for the crimes of constituting an organized criminal group, human trafficking and rape.\nThus, 5 home search warrants were executed in Bucharest and Ilfov County, at homes owned by the suspects.", "source_url": "https://politiaromana.ro/ro/stiri/perchezitii-la-persoane-banuite-de-trafic-de-persoane", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where was Andrew Tate apprehended?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a8119578ffc1b9fb714411#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-64128616", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "\"Rumours swirled online that police were tipped off to Tate's presence in the country when he posted a video taking aim at the environmental activist Greta Thunberg.\nIn the footage he posted, he was handed a pizza box from a local restaurant, which some users suggested had inadvertently revealed his location.\nHowever, the pizza box is not thought to be relevant.\""}], "question": "Did the pizza box in the image cause Andrew Tate's apprehension?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://apnews.com/article/romania-crime-bucharest-organized-human-trafficking-0b65ac32442d995e590ab70c221398a1", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "\"Bolla, from DIICOT, refuted widespread claims in the media that an address brandished on a pizza box that featured in a video posted by Andrew Tate on Twitter earlier this week led authorities to his arrest. She said the claims are \u201cfunny, but no.\u201d\""}], "question": "Did authorities comment on the theory that the arrest involved the pizza box?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "Based on QA pairs, the claim is refuted. The pizza box is not thought to be relevant. Authorities also deny the theory that Andrew Tate's arrest involved the pizza box.", "claim_text": "A pizza box shown in a photo shared by Andrew Tate on his social media led to his arrest.", "claim_images": ["67a8119578ffc1b9fb714411#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@Esqueer_", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230304023116im_/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FlLScx8X0AEKu6e?format=jpg&name=large", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230304023114/https://twitter.com/Esqueer_/status/1608579412588650496", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted"], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240510024027/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.33AM7WA", "date": "2023-01-24", "label": "Refuted", "location": "CA", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "Ottawa adopted a city planning framework in November 2022 which aims to support convenient and quick access to services and amenities. It follows moves by other cities in Canada and across the world to adopt the 15-minute city planning philosophy, which prioritizes walking, bike riding and public transit over cars.", "source_url": "https://ottawa.ca/en/planning-development-and-construction/official-plan-and-master-plans/official-plan", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the purpose of the 15-minute city planning in Canada?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a8169078ffc1b9fb714980#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230306203908/https://twitter.com/ChantaleBerger3/status/1614021802573066241?s=20", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The ad was erected by Brigil, whose logo can be seen clearly on the sign, on a property it had acquired."}], "question": "Is the ad pictured in the image an attempt by Canada to restrict movement?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The 15-minute city planning philosophy, which prioritizes walking, bike riding and public transit over cars has nothing to do with restricting movement.  The ad was erected by Brigil, whose logo can be seen clearly on the sign, on a property it had acquired.", "claim_text": "A barrier is evidence that Canadian 15-minute cities are being developed to impose checkpoints and restrict movement.", "claim_images": ["67a8169078ffc1b9fb714980#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@liz_churchill8", "transcription": "Ugh a sign at a construction site in downtown Ottawa", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230306204254im_/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FnRJhlSX0BAIhWQ?format=jpg&name=medium", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230306204252/https://twitter.com/liz_churchill8/status/1617999010803122179", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Consultation"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240208030859/https://www.kiiitv.com/article/news/verify/memes/meme-falsely-claims-black-man-invented-vicks-vaporub-lunsford-richardson-lunsford-lane/536-2b008eda-46a7-4a36-8916-d8b8f2dcfcdf", "date": "2022-02-25", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a819b578ffc1b9fb714ef1#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240226125534/https://www.dncr.nc.gov/blog/2016/12/30/lunsford-richardson-inventor-vaporub-and-junk-mail", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Lunsford Richardson, who invented Vicks VapoRub in 1894, was a white pharmacist from Johnston County, North Carolina"}], "question": "Is the person in the image Lunsford Richardson?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a819b578ffc1b9fb714ef1#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Lunsford Lane\nBorn enslaved in Raleigh, North Carolina, Lunsford Lane became a successful businessman, author, and outspoken abolitionist in Massachusetts and New York.\n\nIn 1835 Lane was able to purchase his own freedom with money he earned from various enterprises. He then opened a store and purchased a house in Raleigh. Because of growing hostility towards free Blacks, in 1840 Lane had to flee to the North, leaving behind his wife and six children, still enslaved. Eventually he earned enough money to purchase their freedom as well.\n\nIn 1842 Lane wrote an account of his life, comprehensively titled The Narrative of Lunsford Lane, Formerly of Raleigh, N.C. Embracing an Account of His Early Life, the Redemption by Purchase of Himself and Family from Slavery, and His Banishment from the Place of His Birth for the Crime of Wearing a Colored Skin. \u201cPublished by Himself\u201d in Boston, it sold many copies in America and England. Lane became an active member of the American Anti-Slavery Society. Founded in Philadelphia in 1833 and led by William Lloyd Garrison, the society considered slavery illegal, not only under the U.S. Constitution but also under natural law.", "source_url": "https://www.nps.gov/people/lunsford-lane.htm", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is the person in the image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": " The image doesn't show Lunsford Richardson who invented Vicks VapoRub in 1880 and was in fact a white pharmacist from Johnston County, North Carolina. The person is the image is Lunsford Lane.Born enslaved in Raleigh, North Carolina, Lunsford Lane became a successful businessman, author, and outspoken abolitionist in Massachusetts and New York.\n", "claim_text": "An image shows Lunsford Richardson, a North Carolinian who invented Vicks VapoRub in 1880", "claim_images": ["67a819b578ffc1b9fb714ef1#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@BlackMa22594604", "transcription": "BLACK HISTORY FACT: in 1880 African American, Lunsford Richardson from Selma NC, invented Vicks Vapor Rub! He invented this remedy when all 3 of his kids were sick while living in Greensboro NC. Richardson thought that his brother-in-laws, last name Joshua \"Vick\" had a more catchier sound to it than his own. Richardson has also been accredited for the invention of headache powders. THANK YOU, Mr. RICHARDSON!", "media_source": "https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FMabCgTWUAcVxbN?format=jpg&name=900x900", "original_claim_url": "https://x.com/BlackMa22594604/status/1497054399054684161", "reporting_source": "x", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted", "Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230127170549/https://www.newscentermaine.com/article/news/verify/gas-prices-verify/no-gas-prices-arent-151-a-gallon-in-the-united-kingdom-fact-check/536-310c5500-ff5d-42d0-88ba-40254c30a279", "date": "2023-01-21", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a8201778ffc1b9fb7159d2#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/14819/how-is-vehicle-fuel-efficiency-expressed-outside-the-united-states", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Gasoline is sold in pence per liter in the U.K.  There are 3.785 liters in a U.S. gallon and 4.546 liters in a U.K. imperial gallon. "}], "question": "Does the sign in London in the image show the price in dollars per gallon of gasoline?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The price in pounds (1.51) would first need to be converted to dollars using the current exchange rate. Next, litres would need to be converted to gallons. Using the exchange rate on February 8, 2025, the price per gallon for gas in London at 1.51 GBP would be $7.09", "source_url": "https://www.calculateme.com/gas-price-conversion/GBP-to-USD/1.51", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "How would the conversion of the price on the sign in the image be reflected in dollars?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "Based on QA pairs, the claim is refuted. The image shows the gasoline price in UK in pounds per liter. Using the exchange rate on February 8, 2025, the price per gallon for gas in London at 1.51 GBP would be $7.09.", "claim_text": "On January 21, 2023, the price of regular unleaded gas in London was $1.51 per gallon", "claim_images": ["67a8201778ffc1b9fb7159d2#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@PEWilliams_", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FnADcl4XwAEyLKV?format=jpg&name=medium", "original_claim_url": "https://perma.cc/A8SB-3SPW", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Geolocation"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230322172019/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.336J224", "date": "2022-12-17", "label": "Refuted", "location": "KR", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "May, 2017", "source_url": "https://freedomhouse.org/country/south-korea/freedom-world/2020", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was former president Moon Jae-in elected to office?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "October, 2013", "source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greetingman", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the statue in the image built in South Korea?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "Based on QA pairs, the claim is refuted. The statue was built in October, 2013 and Moon Jae-in was elected to office in May, 2017.", "claim_text": "South Korean ex-president Moon built statue to show 'subservience' to North Korea", "claim_images": ["67a826f578ffc1b9fb7164c9#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "\ubc15\uc81c\uc784\uc2a4", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://lite.evernote.com/note/2d984272-b7bc-4e31-9bbb-bd891384df60", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240213040636/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2023/02/15/fact-check-no-banana-color-doesnt-indicate-artificial-ripening/11212886002/", "date": "2023-02-05", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "Both methods require ethylene gas which bananas produce on their own naturally. The most popular artificial method practiced in developed countries is application of ethylene gas in ripening rooms.", "source_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6521425/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the difference between the mechanism that ripens bananas naturally and artificially?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "There is no way a consumer picking through bunches at the store could tell which ripening method had been used.", "source_url": "https://www.reuters.com/article/factcheck-bananas-ripening/fact-check-shoppers-cannot-spot-whether-bananas-are-chemically-ripened-idUSL1N2MD1Y8/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Is there any way to discern which ripening method had been used on bananas?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "Based on QA pairs, the claim is refuted as both methods require ethylene gas (either produce d naturally or applied in ripening rooms). Hence there is no way a consumer could tell which ripening method had been used.", "claim_text": "You can tell if Bananas have been ripened naturally or chemically by looking at the colour of the stalk and checking for brown spots.", "claim_images": ["67a8c13678ffc1b9fb717fea#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Julie Morgan", "transcription": "Buying ripe bananas.... green stalk with brow spots means they were chemically ripened. Black stalk......Naturally ripened.", "media_source": "https://scontent-man2-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/329264484_608686167934879_7436829928224133021_n.jpg?stp=dst-jpg_p526x296_tt6&_nc_cat=104&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=127cfc&_nc_ohc=42HRRUnCojcQ7kNvgH68RJk&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-man2-1.xx&_nc_gid=AYyfa34SdWsggkL4t2QOdJ3&oh=00_AYAa2ZinMJ_9RI1p6967HMDKR5smwwTFisJih8x5WMdMgg&oe=67916C42", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.org/details/screenshot-2023-02-08-103940", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Fact-checker Reference"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240612182054/https://fullfact.org/online/injured-dog-found-county-durham/", "date": "2023-05-02", "label": "Refuted", "location": "GB", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67ab9b4478ffc1b9fb76a1fe#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Unanswerable", "answer_text": "No answer could be found."}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67ab9b4478ffc1b9fb76a1fe#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/InghamCountyAnimalControl/posts/we-have-noticed-an-increase-in-a-new-type-of-scam-that-targets-animal-lovers-sca/10159665776287961/", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "This particular image is attached to a post dated December 12, 2022 from the Ingham County Animal Control and Shelter warning that the plea is a scam perpetrated to get users to share the post. The post is later edited for nefarious purposes."}], "question": "Have any authorities commented on the missing animal?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "Based on QA pairs, the claim is refuted as the authorities characterize this claim as a scam that targets animal lovers.", "claim_text": "An injured dog has been found by someone posting in a County Durham Facebook group.", "claim_images": ["67ab9b4478ffc1b9fb76a1fe#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "County Durham Facebook Group user", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://i2-prod.mirror.co.uk/incoming/article21113236.ece/ALTERNATES/s338a/0_WAGs-horrific-injuries-after-breaking-up-vicious-dog-fight.jpg", "original_claim_url": "", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240617000600/https://www.altnews.in/who-gave-the-title-mahatma-to-mk-gandhi-certainly-not-the-british/", "date": "2023-01-04", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67ab9dcd78ffc1b9fb76a8a3#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://x.com/rishibagree/status/1610212015951450112", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The document explains that \"an office order of the Congress government in the Central Provinces in 1938\" instructed all to refer to Gandhi as Mahatma."}], "question": "Does the image indicated that Gandhi was conferred the title \"Mahatma\" by the British government?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/it-was-tagore-who-gave-mahatma-title-to-gandhi-gujarat-high-court-1279297", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "On February 19, 2016, Seeking to end the confusion caused by the answer key of job exam held by a Rajkot local body, the Gujarat High Court declared that it was poet Rabindranath Tagore who first used the title 'Mahatma' for Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi."}], "question": "Has there been an official determination about who to credit with giving Gandhi the title Mahatma?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The evidence proves that an office order of the Congress government in the Central Provinces in 1938\" instructed all to refer to Gandhi as Mahatma, and not the British.", "claim_text": "Gandhi was given the title of Mahatma by the British not by the people of India.", "claim_images": ["67ab9dcd78ffc1b9fb76a8a3#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Rishi Bagree", "transcription": "An office order of the Congress government in the Central Provinces in 1938, instructing all (and especially British) officials, to henceforth refer to Gandhi as 'Mahatma'.", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.ph/2lnCr", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted"], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240519181115/https://checkyourfact.com/2023/01/16/fact-check-video-protestors-brazils-congress/", "date": "2023-01-10", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67aba25278ffc1b9fb76bf4f#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "September 7, 2022 on Twitter by Gazeta Brasil\n", "source_url": "https://x.com/SigaGazetaBR/status/1567544696729178114", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67aba25278ffc1b9fb76bf4f#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "After participating in a civic-military parade to celebrate the Bicentennial of Independence, the president attended a political event in front of the National Congress. The event took place at the Esplanada dos Minist\u00e9rios in Bras\u00edlia.", "source_url": "https://x.com/SigaGazetaBR/status/1567544696729178114", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What was the context of the image published by Gazeta Brasil on September 7, 2022?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "Based on QA pairs, the claim is refuted as the image was taken September 7, 2022  when after participating in a civic-military parade to celebrate the Bicentennial of Independence, the president attended a political event in front of the National Congress.  ", "claim_text": "A post shows Brazilians protesting alleged election fraud in front of the country\u2019s National Congress Jan. 8, 2023", "claim_images": ["67aba25278ffc1b9fb76bf4f#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Laura Marie", "transcription": "When Brazilians see obvious election fraud, they protest and do something about it. They don't just sit there and allow installed Presidents for fear of BLM and AntiFA threats! The cabal has underestimated the courage and backbone of the people of Brazil!", "media_source": "https://scontent.fdet1-1.fna.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/322370612_3198185727160186_7514455242347045943_n.jpg?_nc_cat=103&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=127cfc&_nc_ohc=_1dbE-TTITgQ7kNvgGgxu0H&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent.fdet1-1.fna&_nc_gid=A0JkWVGfWNTIJpPW4BOhuSD&oh=00_AYB1F4WsTxM7irHAbXcoJqgfsIAbWeo11nwj0vSpGAZY6g&oe=678B8A32", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/laura6109/posts/pfbid0qov8TzPsxLY3ZSBEAvEAcfLztmgMSizyaVV5S46YMzbFD5VmExRRU61SYQVBwb1Ll", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search", "Keyword Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240909160345/https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2023/02/fact-check-man-pictured-with-stethascope-is-not-john-fettermans-doctor-hes-porn-actor-johnny-sins.html", "date": "2023-02-26", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67aba44278ffc1b9fb76c602#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "September 16, 2020 on Twitter by \nBunkie Perkins", "source_url": "https://x.com/BunkiePerkins/status/1306213358845255680?s=20", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67aba44278ffc1b9fb76c602#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://x.com/BunkiePerkins/status/1306213358845255680?s=20", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The post caption reads, \"Thank you to Johnny Sins for his continued support of Ole Miss athletics.  Thank you Dr. Sins!\""}], "question": "Does the September 16, 2020 Twitter post by Bunkie Perkins identify the man in the image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "Johnny Sins is a porn actor who has played the role of \"doctor\" in adult videos.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241205015607/https://www.vice.com/en/article/an-interview-with-johnny-sins-the-most-hardworking-man-in-the-world/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is Johnny Sins?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "Based on the evidence, the image doesn't show John Fetterman's doctor. The man in the image is a porn actor, Johnny Sins.", "claim_text": "A 2023 photo depicts John Fetterman's doctor", "claim_images": ["67aba44278ffc1b9fb76c602#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Stephen Lloyd", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230302070054im_/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/Fp2ygxzXsAEHBz5?format=jpg&name=900x900", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230302070054/https://twitter.com/apparentlysteve/status/1629654920088412162", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Numerical Comparison", "Media Source Discovery"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240329115811/https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/prince-harry-spare-father-king-charles/", "date": "2023-01-14", "label": "Refuted", "location": "GB", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67aba74878ffc1b9fb76ccc1#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://archive.is/cgp8n", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The post contains misspellings and incorrect punctuation. In addition, the image contains a watermark that reads \"Belfast Mafia.\" "}], "question": "Does the post by Megyn Kelly dated January 14, 2023 appear genuine?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Belfast Mafia is a satirical Facebook account whose byline is \"just for fun.\"", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/mafiabelfast", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who or what is \"Belfast Mafia\"?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": []}], "justification": "The claim is refuted by the evidence. The claim was published by a satirical Facebook account Belfast Mafia, not by by Megyn Kelly.", "claim_text": "In Price Harry's 2023 memoir \"Spare,\" he wrote that his father's \"I've got your nose\" joke resulted in \"torment\" that \"haunts me to this day.\"", "claim_images": ["67aba74878ffc1b9fb76ccc1#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Megyn Kelly", "transcription": "When I was a child my father grabbed at my nose then pulled away with his thumb between his fingers saying 'I've got you're nose' I thought I had been badly disfigured, the torment I suffered haunts me to this day.", "media_source": "https://archive.is/cgp8n/8f7880c3531e58a233142341b176af3031aeb4c6.jpg", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.is/cgp8n", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Quote Verification", "Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Satirical Source Identification", "Media Source Discovery", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted"], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230320034312/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2023/02/15/fact-check-rescue-dog-photos-wrongly-connected-turkey-earthquake/11251473002/", "date": "2023-02-09", "label": "Refuted", "location": "TR", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67aba98678ffc1b9fb76d37c#INPUT#0#0.jpg", "67aba98678ffc1b9fb76d37c#INPUT#0#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "September 22, 2017 by Getty Images", "source_url": "https://www.gettyimages.ae/detail/news-photo/frida-a-rescue-dog-belonging-to-the-mexican-navy-with-her-news-photo/851814534?adppopup=true", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When were the images originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67aba98678ffc1b9fb76d37c#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Frida, a rescue dog belonging to the Mexican Navy, with her handler Israel Arauz Salinas, takes part in the effort to look for people trapped at the Rebsamen school in Mexico City, on September 22, 2017, three days after the devastating earthquake that hit central Mexico. (Photo by OMAR TORRES / AFP) (Photo by OMAR TORRES/AFP via Getty Images)", "source_url": "https://www.gettyimages.ae/detail/news-photo/frida-a-rescue-dog-belonging-to-the-mexican-navy-with-her-news-photo/851814534?adppopup=true", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the context of the image by Getty Images taken on September 22, 2017?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The image is unrelated to the claim as it was \ntaken September 22, 2017 and it shows Frida, a rescue dog belonging to the Mexican Navy, with her handler Israel Arauz Salinas, takes part in the effort to look for people trapped at the Rebsamen school in Mexico City, on September 22, 2017, three days after the devastating earthquake that hit central Mexico.", "claim_text": "2023 photos show earthquake rescue dogs in Turkey", "claim_images": ["67aba98678ffc1b9fb76d37c#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67aba98678ffc1b9fb76d37c#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "military.aviation2", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://www.instagram.com/p/CodAQpJuqos/", "original_claim_url": "https://www.instagram.com/p/CodAQpJuqos/", "reporting_source": "Instagram", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Media Source Discovery", "Fact-checker Reference"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230603213859/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2023/02/09/fact-check-georgia-cardiac-arrest-form-predates-covid-19-vaccines/11206753002/", "date": "2023-01-17", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67b0e846719ccca960b40d78#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Among other things, the form was devised to inform high school students participating in interscholastic athletic activities about the nature and warning signs of sudden cardiac arrest.", "source_url": "https://www.legis.ga.gov/legislation/54592", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the purpose of the cardiac arrest awareness form being given to Georgia High School students?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The Georgia law, titled SB 60, the \"Jeremy Nelson and Nick Blakely Sudden Cardiac Arrest Prevention Act\" was introduced in February, 2019 and became effective on July 1, 2019.", "source_url": "https://www.legis.ga.gov/legislation/54592", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When did the Georgia Legislature pass the law requiring Georgia High Schools to distribute the cardiac arrest awareness form?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The earliest positive blood samples for Covid-19 in the United States were drawn in December, 2019.", "source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_(2020)", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When did Covid-19 cases begin appearing in the United States?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The bill was passed after two Gwinnett County teenage althletes, Jeremy Nelson and Nick Blakely, died from cardiac arrest in 2013 and 2017, respectively. ", "source_url": "https://www.gwinnettdailypost.com/local/political-notebook-bill-named-for-gwinnett-youths-who-died-from-cardiac-arrest-passes-in-ga/article_dae7bad4-15ca-5a94-8505-2164ef6c37e8.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Why was the Georgia Law SB 60 passed?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The cardiac arrest awareness form isn't new and isn't related to Covid-19 vaccines. Based on the evidence, the law was passed on July 1, 2019 after two Gwinnett County teenage athletes, Jeremy Nelson and Nick Blakely, died from cardiac arrest in 2013 and 2017, respectively. ", "claim_text": "A Georgia High School Association cardiac arrest awareness form is new in 2023 and connected to the COVID-19 vaccine", "claim_images": ["67b0e846719ccca960b40d78#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Lori Gamble-Barrett", "transcription": "Georgia High School Association Student/Parent Sudden Cardiac Arrest Awareness Form SCHOOL: Robin Co. 1: Learn the Early Warning Signs If you or your child has had one or more of these signs, see your primary care physician: Fainting suddenly and without warning, especially during exercise or in response to loud sounds like doorbells, alarm clocks or ringing phones Unusual chest pain or shortness of breath during exercise Family members who had sudden, unexplained and unexpected death before age", "media_source": "https://scontent.fdet1-1.fna.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/322959628_5785367454913635_8061062738386027168_n.jpg?_nc_cat=103&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=127cfc&_nc_ohc=4tbQytTyoFoQ7kNvgHpOLld&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent.fdet1-1.fna&_nc_gid=ACLAekWX1UOljCas75RI4xH&oh=00_AYC3VuWvx7FiU4N6Iqyl-o264vNUMJOjeBMXctceP13FUw&oe=678B9D33", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/lori.gamblebarrett/posts/pfbid0KQBwGc6NrAaVACtxr4Ygekt1xLYYw6KjMss6sJ6Ei9qz5X3yw8eZ6jvdj3aj6a65l", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted"], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240806040335/https://fullfact.org/online/chemtrail-plane-photo-patent/", "date": "2013-03-29", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67b0ec82719ccca960b4238b#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "July 30, 2009 in Wildfire Today", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240811083708/http://wildfiretoday.com/2009/07/30/747-supertankers-world-tour/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b0ec82719ccca960b4238b#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The photo depicts the pressurized retardant tanks on the 747 Supertanker. The retardant is forced out by compressed air, much like on the MAFF C-130 air tankers.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240811083708/http://wildfiretoday.com/2009/07/30/747-supertankers-world-tour/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the image depict?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The patent describes it as: \"A method and apparatus for aerial fire suppression utilizing a potable fire retardant chemical dispensing system, readily adaptable, without extensive aircraft modification, to various makes of aircraft, for dispensing current types of forest and range fire fighting chemicals.\"", "source_url": "https://patents.google.com/patent/US7413145B2/en", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the retardant in the tanks on the 747 Supertanker used for?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "According to the evidence, the claim is refuted as the image show  the interior of a firefighter plane.", "claim_text": "A photo reveals the interior of a chemtrail plane", "claim_images": ["67b0ec82719ccca960b4238b#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Dan Wininger", "transcription": "Does this internet photo show the interior of a chemtrail plane? Patent number: 7413145 - \u2018Systems and Methods For Aerial Dispersion of Material\u2019 (filed by none other than the CIA\u2019s EVERGREEN AIR) DDees.com", "media_source": "https://scontent.fdet1-2.fna.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/464136158_9419243874771033_6555605136609813492_n.jpg?_nc_cat=111&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=cf85f3&_nc_ohc=NHAjHlVLiX0Q7kNvgHQOGl4&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent.fdet1-2.fna&_nc_gid=ApaNUm5BJ0oKEyOkV-VaAF3&oh=00_AYDIdnUZxQQYF2RAbpMOYl4oNUHccYTpnh8a65YQoh5xBQ&oe=678BA89B", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=10152729686310457&set=bc.Abrd0prtowD60Eh1QUt3--RwheMKjPF2dPCRHhLngUmzzFDUEEzMsfNrZQLo7DkYuTXqBXGsLYpHTXwiCPfeJGnWGqq84-YpZoJHryhIsL5zWNqP5CT4amesdIsyDHuRzz9mRqCzXCmyclgOXG6ePJOE&opaqueCursor=AbrDS-7C59iwow1o_oxhLoBeMiOWiHYPzsYdHX756aSAdO-qt7McDqGxLASQGx9wKO2D2XIxfOIm_EumuGM7jhmiCj9AT5ZS56Q1lFRontG6JWomqusgXu0k9FPnVyM8eIpjqVJxz96Xnm6Dsj0zSefQ2LNJPAv-Biw7OTZLlz_fv2IQ-8hi3TKy7Jm0E1GniGQAbgvqntxDAYcrqCkfXrhQThoRmkgrLr08gRHKCK2e4A2IVQRyNb9dsfk08nfmlFTfyaDaRDRE8ri0", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": [], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240620205245/https://fullfact.org/online/lost-woman-with-dementia/", "date": "2023-02-23", "label": "Refuted", "location": "CA", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67b0ee68719ccca960b42a5a#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Unanswerable", "answer_text": "No answer could be found."}], "question": "Where was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b0ee68719ccca960b42a5a#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "On November 15, 2022, the Cape Breton Search & Rescue announced that the post advising that the woman was lost was a hoax.", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/CapeBretonSearchAndRescueAssociaton/posts/pfbid032dgLHdtoy2RQLmSuqFvfN8zPSxV1CptKcPzanb3hvgn1PBhZeLmEE6JXinDLGJ5vl", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Has any public agency identified the woman in the image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "Based on the evidence, authorities identified the claim as a hoax. Therefore, the claim is refuted.", "claim_text": "The woman in the photograph has dementia and is lost with her dog and needs to be identified.", "claim_images": ["67b0ee68719ccca960b42a5a#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=494687302694340&set=a.471133025049768", "original_claim_url": "", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Fact-checker Reference"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230501122618/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2023/03/31/fact-check-false-claim-images-prove-fetterman-replaced-body-double/11571214002/", "date": "2023-03-24", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67b0f3a9719ccca960b4312d#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The caption on the May, 2022 photo which was published to the Pittsburgh NPR Station WESA reads: \"Pennsylvania Lt. Gov. and U.S. Senate Democratic nominee John Fetterman, left, and his wife, Gisele, leave Penn Medicine Lancaster General Hospital following his discharge on Sunday. He had been treated at the hospital since May 13 after suffering a stroke while campaigning.\"", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230507162538/https://www.wesa.fm/politics-government/2022-05-22/john-fetterman-leaves-lancaster-hospital-for-braddock-to-recover-from-stroke", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is the person in the image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b0f3a9719ccca960b4312d#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Senator John Fetterman published the image on February 7, 2023 on his Facebook account with the caption \"We're ready. #SOTU\"", "source_url": "https://x.com/SenFettermanPA/status/1623121710269575168", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is the person in the image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "Changing the focal length on the lens changes how a photo will look. The photos were taken by two different photographers from two different angles with different equipment.", "source_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HG-vPzrEONM&t=316s", "source_medium": "Video"}], "question": "What explains why Senator Fetterman looks different when the images are compared?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "Both images show John Fetterman. The images look a little different because hanging the focal length on the lens changes how a photo will look. The photos were taken by two different photographers from two different angles with different equipment.", "claim_text": "Images prove John Fetterman was replaced by a body double", "claim_images": ["67b0f3a9719ccca960b4312d#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67b0f3a9719ccca960b4312d#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Catturd", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://x.com/catturd2/status/1639388561395924995", "original_claim_url": "https://x.com/catturd2/status/1639388561395924995", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Media Source Discovery", "Image Analysis", "Video Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": [], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20231201033051/https://www.aap.com.au/factcheck/tricksters-tug-at-heartstrings-in-community-group-scams/", "date": "2023-01-03", "label": "Refuted", "location": "AU", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67b0fb80719ccca960b43b19#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The image of the injured dog has been posted numerous times in at least ten entirely different locations and is a hoax.", "source_url": "https://www-media.aap.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/29135447/Dog-hit.png", "source_medium": "Image/graphic"}], "question": "Where was the image of the injured dog originally posted?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b0fb80719ccca960b43b19#INPUT#1#0.jpg", "67b0fb80719ccca960b43b19#INPUT#1#1.jpg", "67b0fb80719ccca960b43b19#INPUT#1#2.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "December 26, 2023", "source_url": "https://www-media.aap.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/29135532/People-are-wicked.png", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image of the stolen dog originally posted?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b0fb80719ccca960b43b19#INPUT#2#0.jpg", "67b0fb80719ccca960b43b19#INPUT#2#1.jpg", "67b0fb80719ccca960b43b19#INPUT#2#2.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www-media.aap.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/29135544/People-are-wicked-edited.png", "source_medium": "Image/graphic", "boolean_explanation": "The post about the stolen dog was a hoax. The post was later edited to a post that pretended to offer payment for completing surveys."}], "question": "Did the post about the stolen dog whose image was published on December 26, 2023 result in finding the dog?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b0fb80719ccca960b43b19#INPUT#3#0.jpg", "67b0fb80719ccca960b43b19#INPUT#3#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The images were published to various Facebook accounts in December, 2022?", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230318231611/https://www-media.aap.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/29135512/Missing-son.png", "source_medium": "Image/graphic"}], "question": "When were the images of the missing child originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b0fb80719ccca960b43b19#INPUT#4#0.jpg", "67b0fb80719ccca960b43b19#INPUT#4#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230318231624/https://www-media.aap.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/29135524/Missing-son-edited.png", "source_medium": "Image/graphic", "boolean_explanation": "The posts were a hoax. The posts were later edited to appear to offer a financial assistance scheme."}], "question": "Was the missing child located as a result of the Facebook posts made in December, 2022?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "6 out of the 8 images in the claim are identified as a hoax. Therefore the claim is refuted.", "claim_text": "Various posts in local community Facebook groups are genuine appeals for help.", "claim_images": ["67b0fb80719ccca960b43b19#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67b0fb80719ccca960b43b19#CLAIM#1.jpg", "67b0fb80719ccca960b43b19#CLAIM#2.jpg", "67b0fb80719ccca960b43b19#CLAIM#3.jpg", "67b0fb80719ccca960b43b19#CLAIM#4.jpg", "67b0fb80719ccca960b43b19#CLAIM#5.jpg", "67b0fb80719ccca960b43b19#CLAIM#6.jpg", "67b0fb80719ccca960b43b19#CLAIM#7.jpg", "67b0fb80719ccca960b43b19#CLAIM#8.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Media Source Discovery", "Fact-checker Reference"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240709065443/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.33CB3J7", "date": "2023-03-25", "label": "Refuted", "location": "PH", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Dexamethasone", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Dexamethasone is a corticosteroid used to treat endocrine, rheumatic, collagen, dermatologic, allergic, ophthalmic, gastrointestinal, respiratory, hematologic, neoplastic, edematous, and other conditions. Developed in 1957, it is structurally similar to other corticosteroids like hydrocortisone and prednisolone. Dexamethasone was granted FDA approval on 30 October 1958. In a press release for the Randomized Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy (RECOVERY) trial on 16 June 2020, dexamethasone was recommended for use in COVID-19 patients with severe respiratory symptoms. "}], "question": "Is dexamethasone a vitamin?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/8PSP-DA82", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The FDA has warned: \"Dexamethasone is a steroid drug and is prescribed by a licensed physician based on the patient\u2019s medical condition. Misuse or unsupervised chronic use of this drug may lead to serious adverse reactions such as:\n\nImmunosuppression or impairment of the body\u2019s ability to fight infections;\nGastrointestinal bleeding and ulcers;\nElectrolyte imbalance;\nOsteoporosis;\nMuscle weakness;\nPoor wound healing;\nObesity.\nProlonged use of the drug may cause suppression of growth among infants and children.\nIf stopped abruptly, it may cause withdrawal symptoms such as hypotension, shock, and coma.\""}], "question": "Can unsupervised use of dexamethasone by anyone other than licensed professionals cause harmful side effects?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://archive.vn/7VRV1", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "As of March 31, 2023, Pronicy Kalbe Dexamethasone is not listed in the FDA's registered drugs database."}], "question": "Is Pronicy Kalbe Dexamethasone listed in the FDA's registered drugs database?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is refuted since Pronicy Kalbe Dexamethasone is not a vitamin for weight gain but a steroid medication.", "claim_text": "An image of a  product marketed as Pronicy Kalbe Dexamethasone shows a vitamin for weight gain", "claim_images": ["67b100bd719ccca960b442e1#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Proto Je", "transcription": "10PAIR/1BUNDLE CUSTOMER SATISFACTION 100% GUARANTEED", "media_source": "https://archive.ph/mzwM2/007cdc9ce011c836d0d0c841ca5aed8cb228b845.jpg", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.ph/mzwM2", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Keyword Search", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524163921/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.33E99LA", "date": "2023-04-15", "label": "Refuted", "location": "VN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67b106d0719ccca960b450b5#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "On April 16, 2023", "source_url": "https://archive.ph/RpLi8", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image of U.S. Secretary of State Anthony Blinken meeting with Prime Minister Pham Minh Chinh in Hanoi originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Article 24 Section 9 of the provisions of Decree 18/2022/ND-CP on diplomatic protocol and ceremonies says: \"Fly National Flags of both nations in the guest reception room for guests with the rank of Ministers and equivalences or higher (reception of the same rank). In case the guests have a lower rank than the host, only fly the National Flag of Vietnam\" ", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/YP9G-L5BT", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What did Vietnamese rules dictate on April 16, 2023 regarding the display of national flags during meetings with foreign officials?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b106d0719ccca960b450b5#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": " It follows Vietnam's diplomatic protocol, which only displays the host nation's flag when the visiting guest is of a lower rank than the host.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524163921/https://www.vietnamplus.vn/hinh-anh-thu-tuong-pham-minh-chinh-tiep-bo-truong-ngoai-giao-canada/783492.vnp", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Why wasn't the U.S. flag displayed during Blinken's meeting?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The U.S. flag was not displayed due to Vietnam's diplomatic protocol, which only displays the host nation's flag when the visiting guest is of a lower rank than the host.", "claim_text": "Vietnam humiliated US Secretary of State Antony Blinken by not displaying the American flag when he met Prime Minister Pham Minh Chinh in the capital Hanoi in April", "claim_images": ["67b106d0719ccca960b450b5#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "mengyan1234567", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://archive.ph/RpLi8/a00ada3ff14cd7a337fabc9afe6302f8af319fd0.jpg", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.ph/RpLi8", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Position Statement", "Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Media Source Discovery", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted"], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230607023714/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2023/02/10/fact-check-co-2-responsible-global-warming-not-earth-cycles/11156725002/", "date": "2023-01-26", "label": "Refuted", "location": "AQ", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67b10c6b719ccca960b457a6#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "It was published by UNEP/GRID-Arendal in 2005. The data in the image is based on a large cylinder of ice extracted from the Antarctic ice sheet that is called the Vostok ice core.", "source_url": "https://www.grida.no/resources/6878", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where was the information shown in the chart originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b10c6b719ccca960b457a6#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The graph shows data up to the year 1950, and it does not include data after that time", "source_url": "https://www.grida.no/resources/6878", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Does the graph in the image show current data?  ", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-atmospheric-carbon-dioxide", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "According to NOAA data, the global average of atmospheric carbon dioxide hit a new record high in 2021 of 414 parts per million. The highest level shown in the chart in the image is under 300 parts per million.  The unprecedented increase of carbon dioxide emissions from human activity has altered the cyclical nature of Earth\u2019s heating and cooling patterns."}], "question": "Has atmospheric carbon dioxide increased since 1950?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The graph does not prove that climate change is cyclical and not caused by humans. It shows data only up to 1950 and does not account for the substantial increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide since then. Human activity has significantly altered the Earth's climate patterns, which is not reflected in the graph", "claim_text": "A graph proves that climate change is cyclical and is not caused by humans", "claim_images": ["67b10c6b719ccca960b457a6#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "laruetactical", "transcription": "Changes in Temperature and CO2 Concentrations over the Past 422,000 Years Data were obtained from the Vostok ice core in Antarctica", "media_source": "https://instagram.fdet1-1.fna.fbcdn.net/v/t51.29350-15/327258313_585256736778183_7233008640380131925_n.jpg?stp=dst-jpg_e35_s640x640_sh0.08_tt6&efg=eyJ2ZW5jb2RlX3RhZyI6ImltYWdlX3VybGdlbi45NTV4NjIwLnNkci5mMjkzNTAuZGVmYXVsdF9pbWFnZSJ9&_nc_ht=instagram.fdet1-1.fna.fbcdn.net&_nc_cat=103&_nc_ohc=-ys39x9o8MYQ7kNvgGUg6y8&_nc_gid=8b1109e76c464d048fafcea71c6d669f&edm=ANTKIIoBAAAA&ccb=7-5&oh=00_AYDKWW9OkZLdHsrIA8FjH9yeOojjl1CuWt_ihC8XUq_Xqg&oe=67907B8B&_nc_sid=d885a2", "original_claim_url": "https://www.instagram.com/p/Cn4enUjr1Pi/?ig_rid=fdc742dc-14ef-4404-8f32-018bc5a49e01", "reporting_source": "Instagram", "claim_types": ["Causal Claim", "Numerical Claim", "Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": [], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240329002258/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2023/02/07/fact-check-no-vigilante-didnt-shoot-down-suspected-chinese-spy-balloon/11201545002/", "date": "2023-02-03", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67b10f9c719ccca960b45e9f#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "On February 3, 2023, the image was published to the Facebook account of \"MY WILLOW MEMES,\" which lists itself as the \"Official parody account of the Biden\u2019s cat Willow (except he\u2019s MAGA.) President of the unofficial Mike Lindell fan club.\"", "source_url": "https://x.com/mywillowmemes/status/1621539539914219522?s=46&t=0iXC90v4blxjTcFz1A8jzQ", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where was the image of the man with the rifle originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b10f9c719ccca960b45e9f#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The person shown in the post is Sam Hyde, a comedian who has been repeatedly \u2013 and falsely \u2013 linked to mass shootings and other events for years as a form of internet meme.", "source_url": "https://www.buzzfeed.com/ishmaeldaro/sam-hyde-shooter-hoax", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is the man in the image that shows him holding a rifle?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b10f9c719ccca960b45e9f#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2023/02/04/what-should-biden-do-chinese-spy-balloon/11180635002/", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "A U.S. warplane shot down the suspected Chinese spy balloon off the South Carolina coast, sending its surveillance gear into relatively shallow water where recovery efforts began immediately, Pentagon officials announced."}], "question": "Was the Chinese balloon actually shot down?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "A U.S. warplane shot down the Chinese spy balloon, not a vigilante. The person in the image is Sam Hyde, a comedian who has been repeatedly \u2013 and falsely \u2013 linked to mass shootings and other events for years as a form of internet meme.", "claim_text": "A vigilante shot down the Chinese spy balloon", "claim_images": ["67b10f9c719ccca960b45e9f#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67b10f9c719ccca960b45e9f#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "deinfringe_", "transcription": "BREAKING: A local man has SHOT DOWN the CHINESE SPY BALLOON in an EXTRAORDINARY act of vigilantism!", "media_source": "https://instagram.fdet1-1.fna.fbcdn.net/v/t51.29350-15/328843348_211610028028851_6775919156216455431_n.jpg?stp=dst-jpg_e35_p640x640_sh0.08_tt6&efg=eyJ2ZW5jb2RlX3RhZyI6ImltYWdlX3VybGdlbi4xMjQyeDEzMjAuc2RyLmYyOTM1MC5kZWZhdWx0X2ltYWdlIn0&_nc_ht=instagram.fdet1-1.fna.fbcdn.net&_nc_cat=103&_nc_ohc=2Xd_0CKnORIQ7kNvgFcs4Qi&_nc_gid=429a8d3e915246719728ba89bbf65a83&edm=ANTKIIoBAAAA&ccb=7-5&oh=00_AYBVT_ZPp49CvIYtWTtGNvl1QBNGTPCBWQ_np6nkQWcUNw&oe=6790845D&_nc_sid=d885a2", "original_claim_url": "https://www.instagram.com/p/CoOWBzfM97_/", "reporting_source": "Instagram", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Satirical Source Identification", "Media Source Discovery", "Image Analysis", "Fact-checker Reference"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240623184939/https://fullfact.org/online/wrong-picture-police-officer-killed-dogs-tower-hamlets/", "date": "2023-05-15", "label": "Refuted", "location": "GB", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67b1125e719ccca960b4659c#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "In a Twitter post dated May 17, 2023, a spokesperson for the Metropolitan Police said: \u201cWe understand the public concern following this incident. The person pictured is not a police officer and was not involved.\nAn inquiry by @PoliceConduct inquiry is under way. We will update when we can.\u201d", "source_url": "https://x.com/metpoliceuk/status/1658877034271997953", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Has the man in the image been identified as a Metropolitan Police officer?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b1125e719ccca960b4659c#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Unanswerable", "answer_text": "No answer could be found."}], "question": "Has the armed Metropolitan Police officer in the image been identified?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "Based on QA pairs, the claim is refuted. A spokesperson for the Metropolitan Police confirmed the person pictured is not a police officer and was not involved.", "claim_text": "Images show the Metropolitan Police officer who shot two dogs in London on May 7, 2023.", "claim_images": ["67b1125e719ccca960b4659c#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67b1125e719ccca960b4659c#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Lee Callaghan", "transcription": "Meet a dog killer ...fcuking coward. Sack him, shame him, take his pension and never leave him in peace", "media_source": "https://scontent.fdet1-2.fna.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/347094735_267068512402656_4266888690370860413_n.jpg?_nc_cat=111&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=833d8c&_nc_ohc=SfhxxlPeP-cQ7kNvgEr8KBi&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent.fdet1-2.fna&_nc_gid=AEhE319Yn6-HWWXym2Lw0Rv&oh=00_AYA3hCd9VuCOdOrqhsy3tcIF2M76SQamdf_JLcMnoxACSQ&oe=67907A5D", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=1539131316577052&set=a.106059616550903", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241122163912/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.33EN4FC", "date": "2023-05-07", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Bernard Kerik was the former Commissioner of the New York City Police Department and Department of Corrections. He was sentenced on February 18, 2010 in White Plains federal court to 48 months in prison in connection with eight felonies. He was ordered to surrender on May 17, 2010.", "source_url": "https://archives.fbi.gov/archives/newyork/press-releases/2010/nyfo021810.htm", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is Bernard Kerik?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b1325e719ccca960b48a58#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "2018", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241106104053/https://correspondent.afp.com/telling-story-it", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image Bernard Kerik shared in 2023 originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b1325e719ccca960b48a58#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The image caption reads: \"Aerial view of Honduran migrants heading in a caravan to the US, as the leave Arriaga on their way to San Pedro Tapanatepec, in southern Mexico on October 27, 2018. (AFP / Guillermo Arias)\"", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241106104053/https://correspondent.afp.com/telling-story-it", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the context of the photo taken in 2018 which Bernard Kerik shared in 2023?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "A senior official in the White House told AFP that the use of Title 42 \"is expected to expire on May 11th [2023].\"\n\n", "source_url": "https://www.thejakartapost.com/world/2023/04/11/biden-ends-us-covid-emergency-status.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When did the Title 42 pandemic-era restrictions end?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The image is unrelated to the claim, since it was first published in 2018 and shows Aerial view of Honduran migrants heading in a caravan to the US in southern Mexico on October 27, 2018.", "claim_text": "A picture shows people approaching the US border with Mexico in May 2023 before pandemic-era immigration restrictions are lifted.", "claim_images": ["67b1325e719ccca960b48a58#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Bernard Kerik", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FvksDi7WwAMU2w5?format=jpg&name=medium", "original_claim_url": "https://x.com/bernardkerik/status/1655402780171943938?s=46&t=D8A3eqKDRB5DWR8dKS59oQ", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery", "Fact-checker Reference"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240729195336/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.33F38W9", "date": "2023-05-09", "label": "Refuted", "location": "LK", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67b139aa719ccca960b4986e#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The person in the blue shirt is Gayan Danushka Sahabandu, who was arrested in connection with the murder of a 17-year-old girl in Colombo.", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/5CAR-DJQB", "source_medium": "Video"}], "question": "Who is the person wearing a blue shirt in the image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b139aa719ccca960b4986e#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "Shalika Rukshan Senadheera, a Sri Lankan activitst who posted the image to his Facebook page on June 27, 2022", "source_url": "https://archive.ph/rrDpJ", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is the person in shackles in the image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The images show two different people. The first photo shows Shalika Rukshan Senadheera, a Sri Lankan activitst  and the second photo -Gayan Danushka Sahabandu, who was arrested in connection with the murder of a 17-year-old girl in Colombo.", "claim_text": "A protestor against former president Gotabaya Rajapaksa is the same person as a criminal who killed a teenager in Colombo", "claim_images": ["67b139aa719ccca960b4986e#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67b139aa719ccca960b4986e#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Pathum Chamara", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://archive.ph/7EtrO/ede6fbe856ddad2a4bd541ccc2ab77020b34cbb4.jpg", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.ph/7EtrO", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Media Source Discovery", "Reverse Image Search", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240518092255/https://checkyourfact.com/2023/05/18/fact-check-russian-drone-supercum/", "date": "2023-05-16", "label": "Refuted", "location": "RU", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67b13c60719ccca960b49f7d#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "A translation of the text appended to the image reads: \"At about 3:30 a.m. on May 16, 2023, the Russian occupiers attacked Ukraine from the north, south, and east with 18 missiles of various types of air, sea, and ground-based.\nSix Kh-47M2 Kinzhal aeroballistic missiles were launched from six MiG-31K aircraft, 9 Kalibr cruise missiles were launched from ships in the Black Sea, and three ground-based missiles (S-400, Iskander-M).\nAll missiles were destroyed by the air defense forces and means of the Air Force of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.\nIn addition, on the night of May 16, the enemy attacked with Shahed-136/131 strike drones, and also conducted aerial reconnaissance with three operational-tactical drones - Orlan-10, Supercam. All - destroyed!\nTactical aviation of the Air Force continues to strike at the positions of the occupiers. During the day on May 15 and at the beginning of the day on May 16, more than twenty group airstrikes were carried out.\n\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\udde6 Glory to Ukraine!\n\u270c\ufe0f Together - to victory!\"", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/kpszsu/posts/pfbid02kEwdTQPk8tDEmgDZ6J8scu4SKm52iAnyEcGjWaoRB3h9Vm4VCG8Usxu2SMzgF88Nl?_rdr", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Are the weapons in image identified?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240305110623/https://www.vice.com/en/article/bvjm8w/ukraine-russia-supercum-aircraft", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "On May 16, 2023, Vice News confirmed that the name \"Supercum\" was a typographical error and should have been \"Supercam.\""}], "question": "Did anyone confirm that the name of the drone was a typographical error and was actually \"Supercam\"?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "Based on QA pairs, the claim is refuted.  Vice News confirmed that the name \"Supercum\" was a typographical error and should have been \"Supercam.\"", "claim_text": "The Russian military uses a drone called the \u2018SuperCum\u2019 drone.", "claim_images": ["67b13c60719ccca960b49f7d#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Karina Vinnikova", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FwO50UFWwAA5gDw?format=jpg&name=small", "original_claim_url": "https://x.com/KarinaVinnikova/status/1658373401164013570?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery", "Keyword Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted"], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240807183558/https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2023/05/fact-check-nike-is-not-forced-to-pay-1000-to-every-customer.html", "date": "2023-05-18", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67b13f9e719ccca960b4a690#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "May 8, 2015 in connection with a new store opening in Brooklyn. No offers were made in connection with the store opening.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240525170752/https://brooklynbuzz.com/new-nike-store-opening-in-flatbush/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The Federal Trade Commission in various news releases has warned about fraudulent schemes connected with Nike offers.", "source_url": "https://search.ftc.gov/search?affiliate=ftc_prod&sort_by=&query=Nike+%241000", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Did Nike or any other business or agency confirm a Nike $1000 giveaway?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "No agency confirmed a Nike $1000 giveaway, but FTC has warned about fraudulent schemes connected with Nike offers.", "claim_text": "Nike is forced to pay $1000 to every customer via gift cards", "claim_images": ["67b13f9e719ccca960b4a690#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Pia Amber", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240807183558im_/https://leadstories.com/assets_c/2023/05/Screen%20Shot%202023-05-18%20at%2010.10.38%20AM-thumb-900x1221-3111202.png", "original_claim_url": "", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery", "Keyword Search", "Image Analysis", "Fact-checker Reference"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": [], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241212112216/https://factcheckhub.com/charly-boy-shares-fake-chart-about-nigerias-2023-presidential-election-result/", "date": "2023-05-17", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67b142b4719ccca960b4ada7#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240715175401/https://liveresults.civichive.org/presidential/2023", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The official results show: \nAPC - 8,794,726\nPDP - 6,984,520\nLP - 6,101,533\nNNPP - 1,496,687"}], "question": "Do the results in the Charly Boy chart match the official election results?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "He is one of the social media influencers popularly known for supporting the presidential candidacy of Peter Obi of the Labour Party.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241212113905/https://factcheckhub.com/how-charly-boy-spreads-disinformation-to-promote-peter-obis-candidacy/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is Charly Boy?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is refuted by the evidence. The official results differ from Charly Boy chart results.", "claim_text": "The Charly Boy chart shows the results of Nigeria's 2023 presidential election", "claim_images": ["67b142b4719ccca960b4ada7#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Charles Chukwuemeka Oputa", "transcription": "THE TRUE PICTURE OF WHAT TRANSPIRED ON SATURDAY", "media_source": "https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FwW-rsbXgAEYI5k?format=jpg&name=900x900", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.is/aKVje", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Numerical Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Numerical Comparison"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted"], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20231204151421/https://www.thequint.com/news/webqoof/bjp-gave-award-to-asaduddin-owaisi-congress-claims-fact-check", "date": "2023-03-15", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67b14616719ccca960b4b4c4#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "On March 15, 2023, it was mentioned that Owaisi received an award in the publication Amar Ujala.", "source_url": "https://www.amarujala.com/india-news/parliamentary-awards-mallikarjun-kharge-and-bhartruhari-mahtab-receives-lifetime-achievement-award-2023-03-15", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the fact that Owaisi received an award originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://www.amarujala.com/india-news/parliamentary-awards-mallikarjun-kharge-and-bhartruhari-mahtab-receives-lifetime-achievement-award-2023-03-15", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The article contains a photo of former President Ram Nath Kovind presenting an award and it mentions that Owaisi received the Best Parliamentarian 2022 award."}], "question": "Does Amar Ujala indicate in the article who presented the awards?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is refuted by the evidence. The photo shows Owaisi receiving the Best Parliamentarian 2022 award from former President Ram Nath Kovind.", "claim_text": "Photo shows Asaduddin Owaisi receiving award from senior Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) leader Murli Manohar Joshi", "claim_images": ["67b14616719ccca960b4b4c4#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Rajasthan Youth Congress", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FrQs_IcXoAA-AuY?format=jpg&name=large", "original_claim_url": "https://x.com/Rajasthan_PYC/status/1635982038791487490", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Media Source Discovery"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240803162024/https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2023/04/fact-check-photo-does-not-show-bio-lab-smoking-in-sudan-in-aftermath-of-attack.html", "date": "2023-04-25", "label": "Refuted", "location": "SD", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67b14787719ccca960b4bbe3#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "April 20, 2023 by the AFP", "source_url": "https://www.afpforum.com/AFPForum/Search/ViewMedia.aspx?mui=3&hid=512BD407309AC56FC3C32B449567D470EE9326061A18846ED9A7CE8820ED5349&cck=a1aff2", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b14787719ccca960b4bbe3#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The caption on the image reads: \"This image grab taken from AFPTV video footage on April 20, 2023, shows an aerial view of black smoke rising above the Khartoum International Airport amid ongoing battles between the forces of two rival generals. Hundreds of people have been killed since the fighting erupted on April 15 between forces loyal to Sudan's army chief Abdel Fattah al-Burhan and his deputy, Mohamed Hamdan Daglo, who commands the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF).\"", "source_url": "https://www.afpforum.com/AFPForum/Search/ViewMedia.aspx?mui=3&hid=512BD407309AC56FC3C32B449567D470EE9326061A18846ED9A7CE8820ED5349&cck=a1aff2", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the context of the image published by the AFP on April 20, 2023?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The photo is not of a bio lab on April 25,2023. It's a snapshot from the video that shows  an aerial view of black smoke rising above the Khartoum International Airport amid ongoing battles between the forces of two rival generals.", "claim_text": "A photo dated April 25, 2023 shows a bio lab in Sudan has been intentionally attacked", "claim_images": ["67b14787719ccca960b4bbe3#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Christopher C. Miller", "transcription": "", "media_source": "http://web.archive.org/web/20230426131614im_/https://cdn1.telegram-cdn.org/file/gJHTPWYJGbMh2ORd7w2-ftTgHuOXyGEoCa0_qENwFengdampq9VHzxRAqY6_xTh1Nszc3p9GCgHOJbl6xMpT1ZS5GWMxrzLfvC4MiAKTkQ4iXNEaMzj8qDhBIN-oT0XaiSw1ptmL-dtMV9a0fck2HPV6uSVzMPauiBi87Ri-HRXdWKadugm0ct-0zgZ2OPBlZq_rq9AVljkZrFDC7oB-a6fO3I7XAFGxcp0n0FjRPHHSatDfF_V-mTVsyNdQ8jn_ZuLklnROoKxKpgVl--RwVg-SRUUnuZvzsFpb7lqdvXu9D99iAKtWm_1LjXIRYIx1BsjbuL939DvxmhiRGCwSkw.jpg", "original_claim_url": "http://web.archive.org/web/20230426131614/https://t.me/ChristopherCMiller/494", "reporting_source": "Telegram", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Media Source Discovery", "Geolocation"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241009051840/https://www.newsweek.com/disney-offer-cruises-jeffrey-epstein-island-twitter-fact-check-1802125", "date": "2023-05-18", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The AP reported that posts pointed to a website titled \u201cMagical Kingdoms,\u201d which included a description of a 3.5-hour Disney Cruise Line affiliated tour that included a \u201csnorkel stop\u201d at Little St. James Island among other stops around the islands.\n\nHowever, Disney confirmed to the AP that the tour, which is no longer running, did not involve a stop at the island and had no relationship to it.\n\n", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20231124055509/https://apnews.com/article/ghislaine-maxwell-science-business-jeffrey-epstein-florida-98deefe346a7e7abb79ce14a58512cf1", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Did Disney acknowledge that its cruises made stops at Epstein's private island or had any affiliation with it?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Disney stated: \"\u201cThe island, as well as another location, were included in the description of a third-party tour so that participants could identify the areas where snorkeling would be available. The tour had no connection to the island itself and Disney has never had plans involving the island.\u201d", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20231124055509/https://apnews.com/article/ghislaine-maxwell-science-business-jeffrey-epstein-florida-98deefe346a7e7abb79ce14a58512cf1", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Why was Epstein's island mentioned in the website that described the 3.5-hour Disney Cruise Line tour?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is refuted by the evidence.  Disney confirmed to the AP that the tour, which is no longer running, did not involve a stop at the island and had no relationship to it.", "claim_text": "Disney sent Was Sending Kids To Epstein\u2019s Island For Snorkeling Trips", "claim_images": ["67b14aad719ccca960b4c306#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Dom Lucre", "transcription": "DISNEY CRUISE LINE St Thomas & St John Excursions Captain Nautica's Snorkeling Expedition Activity Type: Activity Level: Duration: Adult Price: Child Price: Ages: Splashtacular and Family Adventures and Nature Adventures Moderate 3.5 hours $75 (ages 10and up) $60 (ages 8-9) 8 And Up Be whisked away aboard the captain's RIB power boat to a pair of sun-soaked snorkeling sites - and prepare for an adventure like no other. Journey to picturesque Turtle Cove, Buck Island and immerse yourself in an un", "media_source": "https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FwcIi1KWYAIiWN_?format=jpg&name=medium", "original_claim_url": "https://x.com/dom_lucre/status/1659304384981762049", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Fact-checker Reference"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted"], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230602120546/https://checkyourfact.com/2023/03/31/fact-check-stormy-daniels-statement-trump/", "date": "2023-04-06", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67b15184719ccca960b4ca39#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230322212748/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/stormy-daniels-describes-her-alleged-affair-with-donald-trump-60-minutes-interview/", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "In an interview with Anderson Cooper, Daniels said she was coerced to sign the statement and was told if she didn't her \"life hell in many different ways.\""}], "question": "Did Stormy Daniels sign the statement dated January 30, 2018 denying an affair with Trump?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230322212748/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/stormy-daniels-describes-her-alleged-affair-with-donald-trump-60-minutes-interview/", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "In her March, 2018 interview on 60 Minutes, Daniels told Anderson Cooper she had, in fact, slept with Trump."}], "question": "Did Daniels subsequently admit to the affair and receiving payment?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2023/03/30/hush-money-payments-trump-michael-cohen-stormy-daniels-karen-mcdougal/11574180002/", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The payments were outlined in sworn testimony before the House Oversight and Reform Committee in 2019. Cohen and at least one of the women, porn actress Stormy Daniels, who received $130,000, have appeared before the grand jury. The other woman, Playboy model Karen McDougal, received $150,000.\n\nCohen told the House panel he was reimbursed a total of $420,000 for his role in the payments, in part to cover his taxes and a $60,000 bonus for himself. The payments were made \u2013 some in checks signed by Trump \u2013 in $35,000 monthly installments under the guise of a legal retainer, Cohen said.\n\nCohen said he created a shell company called Essential Consultants to pay Daniels and hide the deal from his wife."}], "question": "Did Michael Cohen, Trump's attorney, admit to paying the hush money to Daniels?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "Based on the evidence, the claim is refuted. In an interview with Anderson Cooper, Daniels said she was coerced to sign the statement and was told if she didn't her \"life hell in many different ways.\"", "claim_text": "A signed statement dated January 30, 2018 proves Stormy Daniels did not have an affair with Donald Trump", "claim_images": ["67b15184719ccca960b4ca39#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Jack Posobiec", "transcription": "Official Statement of Stormy Daniels January 30, 2018 To Whom It May Concern: Over the past few weeks I have been asked countless times to comment on reports of an alleged sexual relationship I had with Donald Trump many, many, many years ago. The fact of the matter is that each party to this alleged affair denied its existence in 2006, 20011, 2016, 2017 and now again in 2018. I am not denying this affair because I was paid \"hush money\" as has been reported in overseas owned tabloids. I am denyi", "media_source": "https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FtDHRB3WYAIjsbB?format=jpg&name=medium", "original_claim_url": "https://twitter.com/JackPosobiec/status/1644032974965420032", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Quote Verification", "Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Numerical Comparison", "Keyword Search", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted"], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240328193040/https://www.newsweek.com/false-claim-u-haul-nazi-flag-photoshopped-1802434", "date": "2023-05-23", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67b15af3719ccca960b4ee4d#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://x.com/IntelPointAlert/status/1660869949424910337", "source_medium": "Video", "boolean_explanation": "Video shows an investigator inspecting the U-Haul truck before approaching the flag, rolling it up, and placing it in the back of the truck."}], "question": "Is there evidence that the Nazi swastika flag was a real flag and not photoshopped?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67b15af3719ccca960b4ee4d#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Unanswerable", "answer_text": "No answer could be found."}], "question": "Is there evidence that either the photo or the video were altered in any way prior to publication?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The evidence refutes the claim. The video on X shows an investigator inspecting the U-Haul truck before approaching the flag, rolling it up, and placing it in the back of the truck.", "claim_text": "A Swastika flag photographed outside a U-Haul vehicle had been Photoshopped by the FBI.", "claim_images": ["67b15af3719ccca960b4ee4d#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67b15af3719ccca960b4ee4d#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "leslibless", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://pbs.twimg.com/media/Fw1GosZXwAgr49L?format=jpg&name=large", "original_claim_url": "https://twitter.com/leslibless/status/1661061511098384392?s=20", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Image Analysis", "Video Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230602232420/https://www.thequint.com/news/webqoof/no-ks-shastri-didnt-die-in-1981-truth-about-pm-modi-certificate-fact-check", "date": "2023-04-01", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230601085133/http://images.shiksha.com/mediadata/pdf/1474262583phprJ95ei.pdf", "source_medium": "PDF", "boolean_explanation": "He is listed as one of the members of the advisory committee of Som-Lalit Education and Research Foundation in its prospectus from 2016."}], "question": "Did K.S. Shastri die in 1981?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67c7214135531374f6bd2fbe#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The image is from VNSGU's Incumbency Chart of Vice Chancellor (the period of time spent in office), showing that Prof. K.S. Shastri was Vice Chancellor from 1980 to 1981.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230531191756/https://www.vnsgu.ac.in/university/university-ex-vc.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the source of the image on the right?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The evidence refutes the claim. The image shows that Prof. K.S. Shastri was Vice Chancellor from 1980 to 1981, and he did  not die in 1981, since he is listed as one of the members of the advisory committee of Som-Lalit Education and Research Foundation in its prospectus from 2016. .", "claim_text": "The person who signed Prime Minister Narendra Modi's 1983 educational degree died in 1981", "claim_images": ["67c7214135531374f6bd2fbe#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search", "Keyword Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230520043034/https://newsmobile.in/articles/2023/05/11/fact-check-image-of-scenic-lake-in-china-falsely-shared-as-hotel-in-india/", "date": "2023-04-24", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67c7215d35531374f6bd314e#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "An Instagram account posted the image on April 11, 2021 with the hashtags #mingshasanddunes and #crescentmoon other hashtags (#chinadestinations, #chinatravel, #chinatrip) suggesting the image was taken in China.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230509073135/https://www.instagram.com/p/CNhNdlknJuE/?igshid=NTc4MTIwNjQ2YQ==", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the original source of the image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230509082539/https://www.afpforum.com/AFPForum/Search/ViewMedia.aspx?mui=1&hid=5772D70DB87619902D318A7E721C8539030DF7248434A49A93B77B15772DA4277EC0012B034B8197C755B33DF9D27FC510AAC51DBF8E2BDA590A4D1F0BB98813", "source_medium": "Image/graphic", "boolean_explanation": "A photo showing a similar lake by AFP images is captioned \"(190214) -- BEIJING, Feb. 14, 2019 (Xinhua) -- Aerial photo taken on Jan. 21, 2019 shows the view of the snow-covered Crescent Moon Spring scenic spot on the Mingsha Mountain in Dunhuang, northwest China's Gansu Province. (Xinhua/Zhang Xiaoliang)\nXINHUA / Xinhua via AFP\""}], "question": "Does the image show Crescent Moon Spring scenic spot on the Mingsha Mountain in Dunhuang, northwest China's Gansu Province?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "Based on the evidence, the image was taken in China and not India.", "claim_text": "A picturesque image of a crescent-shaped lake is located at a hotel in Jaisalmer City in Rajasthan, India.", "claim_images": ["67c7215d35531374f6bd314e#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Ashok Siyag", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=pfbid02C4sGJF3BtV198Nqyb45SZrzpXbZjQ3aNkyHjenYKe6LCnTosD2vQuDjuZuscpsibl&id=100075868807376", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=pfbid02C4sGJF3BtV198Nqyb45SZrzpXbZjQ3aNkyHjenYKe6LCnTosD2vQuDjuZuscpsibl&id=100075868807376", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Reverse Image Search", "Geolocation"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230608052458/https://www.thequint.com/news/webqoof/old-visuals-from-manipur-violence-shared-as-recent-fact-check", "date": "2023-05-04", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67c7243235531374f6bd5ee6#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "December 18, 2016", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230519230320/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/violence-continues-to-burn-manipur-7-point-take-on-the-conflict-in-the-state/story-H2iQupSoUPkBxgYTg8E6RL.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the 0-th image taken?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67c7243235531374f6bd5ee6#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Vehicles are seen burning after being set alight by protesters in Imphal, the capital of India\u2019s northeastern state of Manipur, on December 18, 2016. The violence began when protesters angry with an ongoing economic blockade imposed by several Naga tribal groups in the state took to demonstrating over the issue and attacking vehicles coming from the Naga-dominated hill districts.\n", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230519230320/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/violence-continues-to-burn-manipur-7-point-take-on-the-conflict-in-the-state/story-H2iQupSoUPkBxgYTg8E6RL.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What was the original caption that accompanied the 0-th image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is refuted by the evidence. The image was taken in 2016 and it shows vehicles burning after being set alight by protesters in Imphal, the capital of India\u2019s northeastern state of Manipur, on December 18, 2016.", "claim_text": "Images showing vehicles on fire are linked to violence in May, 2023  between the Kuki and Meitei communities in Manipur", "claim_images": ["67c7243235531374f6bd5ee6#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67c7243235531374f6bd5ee6#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240526182126/https://www.boomlive.in/fact-check/csk-ipl-final-gt-fans-dhoni-fact-check-22102", "date": "2023-05-28", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67c873b035531374f6c126aa#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The Great Ethiopian Run is the largest race in Africa. Every year, locals and travelers alike, pick up their matching race day t-shirt, and walk and run this 10k. Approximately 35,000-40,000 people participate each year.", "source_url": "https://insideethiopiatours.com/the-7-best-ethiopian-holidays-to-celebrate-in-2020/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does this image show?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The annual Great Ethiopian Run in Addis Ababa", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240403133343/https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/ethiopia-africa-travel-next-big-thing/index.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where was the image taken?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The image was taken at the annual Great Ethiopian Run in Addis Ababa and not in India.", "claim_text": "Images show crowds of Chennai Super King fans in advance of the IPL final against Gujarat Titans around Narendra Modi stadium", "claim_images": ["67c873b035531374f6c126aa#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@theanantkashyap", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://x.com/theanantkashyap/status/1662850313441906689", "original_claim_url": "https://x.com/theanantkashyap/status/1662850313441906689", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230608194740/https://checkyourfact.com/2023/03/01/fact-check-photo-aftermath-earthquake-japan/", "date": "2023-02-26", "label": "Refuted", "location": "JP", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67c8809735531374f6c16bac#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The image was included in a CNN article titled \"Japan earthquakes: Dozens dead; aftershocks slow rescue efforts.\" The image caption states \"Damaged houses are seen after an earthquake in Mashiki. \"This is the worst thing that could happen to us,\" said Shigeru Morita, an official in the town.\"", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230530124800/https://edition.cnn.com/2016/04/18/asia/japan-earthquake/index.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Can the image in the post be traced back to anything else?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "There were no immediate reports of injuries or damage.", "source_url": "https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/earthquake-with-61-magnitude-hits-northern-japan-authorities-say-2023-02-25/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Were there any reports of damaged associated with the 6.1 magnitude earthquake that struck Japan in Hokkaido in February 2023?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67c8809735531374f6c16bac#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "2016", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230530124800/https://edition.cnn.com/2016/04/18/asia/japan-earthquake/index.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What year was the image taken?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The image is unrelated to the recent earthquake  that struck Japan in Hokkaido in February 2023. The image was taken in 2016 and it  shows damaged houses after earthquake in Mashiki.", "claim_text": "The image shows widespread damage following a recent earthquake that struck Japan", "claim_images": ["67c8809735531374f6c16bac#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@Naveen_Shrstav", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://x.com/Naveen_Shrstav/status/1629645866134044672", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230603184336/https://twitter.com/Naveen_Shrstav/status/1629645866134044672", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240713135620/https://www.boomlive.in/fact-check/srinagar-kashmir-clock-tower-birgunj-nepal-ghanta-ghar-g20-summit-fact-check-22045", "date": "2023-05-22", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67c8afa935531374f6c2d405#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The Facebook account Govind photography posted the image on March 17, 2023 with the caption \"Today's  raining   after weather at Birgunj\"", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=205852195464553&id=100081193226911&ref=embed_post", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image in the post first published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67c8afa935531374f6c2d405#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "Comparing the image in the post with Getty Images Lal Chowk Srinagar Stock Photos, the tower in the image is not the same.", "source_url": "https://www.gettyimages.com/photos/lal-chowk-srinagar", "source_medium": "Image/graphic"}], "question": "Does the image match photos of the Lal Chowk Clock Tower in Srinagar?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "It was restored as part of efforts undertaken in preparation for the G20 meetings in Kashmir in May 2023.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230611143148/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/features/spruced-up-srinagar-wears-a-new-look-ahead-of-g20-meeting-509775", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When did the restoration of the Srinagar clock tower begin?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The image was misused in a wrong context as it shows a building in Birgunj and not in Srinagar.  ", "claim_text": "A clock tower in Srinagar is being restored and rebuilt by SMC ahead of the G20 meeting in the city", "claim_images": ["67c8afa935531374f6c2d405#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Rahul Kaushik", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524114617/https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=6202868543132974&set=a.403677043052182", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524114617/https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=6202868543132974&set=a.403677043052182", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": [], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230224174521/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2023/01/30/fact-check-false-claim-image-shows-hospitalized-woman-after-attack/11141821002/", "date": "2016-05-01", "label": "Refuted", "location": "", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67c8b41f35531374f6c33ad0#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The image featured in the post was included in a May 2016 report from USA Today captioned \"Taylor Carlton, 16, rests in a coma at Dixie Regional Medical Center after suffering injuries from a deadly car crash Sunday. The driver of the vehicle, 18-year-old Drex Taylor, was pronounced dead at the scene.  \"", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240415071411/https://eu.usatoday.com/story/news/2016/05/26/teen-critical-condition-after-car-crash/84993458/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Can the image in the post be traced back to anything else?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "USA TODAY debunked a similar claim in October 2022, when posts circulated using identical text but a different picture.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230202133236/https://eu.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2022/10/28/fact-check-scammers-using-claim-hospitalized-woman-find-victims/10591079002/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Is there any indication that the post may be a scam?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Commonsense-related"]}], "justification": "The image shows Taylor Carlton, 16, who rests in a coma at Dixie Regional Medical Center after suffering injuries from a deadly car crash Sunday , and not an unidentified woman who was mugged and stabbed. ", "claim_text": "Authorities need help identifying a woman who was mugged and stabbed", "claim_images": ["67c8b41f35531374f6c33ad0#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Pray4Tay", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://www.facebook.com/login/?next=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2FPray4Tay-1735391253396825%2F", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240415071411/https://eu.usatoday.com/story/news/2016/05/26/teen-critical-condition-after-car-crash/84993458/", "reporting_source": "The Spectrum", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Fact-checker Reference"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241224085552/https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2023/03/fact-check-democrats-did-not-dress-up-black-guy-as-a-white-supremacist-anti-trump-republicans.html", "date": "2023-03-24", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67ca0c0635531374f6c8df8b#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "A small group of demonstrators dressed as \"Unite the Right\" rally-goers with tiki torches stand on a sidewalk as Republican candidate for governor of Virginia Glenn Youngkin arrives on his bus for a campaign event at a Mexican restaurant in Charlottesville, Virginia, U.S. October 29, 2021.\nREUTERS/Jonathan Ernst", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20211109110343/https://www.reuters.com/world/us/group-anti-trump-republicans-was-behind-tiki-torches-virginia-campaign-2021-10-30/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What did the website or journal that the image was originally published on caption the image?\n", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The Lincoln Project said it was behind the use of tiki torches outside a Republican candidate's bus that mimicked the rally by white supremacists in Charlottesville.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20211109110343/https://www.reuters.com/world/us/group-anti-trump-republicans-was-behind-tiki-torches-virginia-campaign-2021-10-30/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Did any organization claim responsibility for the demonstration?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Lincoln Project is a super PAC founded by several anti-Donald Trump Republicans in 2019.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221108153620/https://ballotpedia.org/Lincoln_Project", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the Lincoln Project?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "As a Buzzfeed writer in 2014, Johnson was fired for what his employers described as 41 blog posts in which he plagiarized other writers or failed to correctly cite his source of information.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241224085611/https://www.buzzfeed.com/bensmith/editors-note-an-apology-to-our-readers", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Is the speaker Benny Johnson a reliable source?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67ca0c0635531374f6c8df8b#INPUT#4#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": " It was organized by The Lincoln Project, a group of anti-Trump Republicans.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241224085552/https://lincolnproject.us/statement-from-the-lincoln-project-5/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who organized the demonstration with tiki torches?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim about five people, including a Black man, being Democrats dressed as white supremacists is misleading. The tiki torch demonstration was actually organized by The Lincoln Project, a group of anti-Trump Republicans. Their aim was to mock the \"Unite the Right\" rally in Charlottesville to criticize a Republican candidate, not to target Trump supporters.", "claim_text": "Five people standing side by side with tiki torches, including a Black man, are Democrats dressed as white supremacists to cast a bad light on supporters of former President Donald Trump", "claim_images": ["67ca0c0635531374f6c8df8b#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@bennyjohnson", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://x.com/bennyjohnson/status/1639382259194032129", "original_claim_url": "https://x.com/bennyjohnson/status/1639382259194032129", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240616185759/https://checkyourfact.com/2023/02/17/fact-check-rescue-dog-turkey/", "date": "2023-02-09", "label": "Refuted", "location": "TR", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67ca0eab35531374f6c8e689#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "September 22, 2017", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240815115346/https://time.com/4954826/frida-rescue-dog-mexico-city-earthquake/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the 0-th image taken?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "February 6 (2023)", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240415023832/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/2/16/what-does-the-recovery-process-for-turkey-and-syria-look-like", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was Turkey's last major earthquake?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67ca0eab35531374f6c8e689#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": " March 30, 2014", "source_url": "https://abcnews.go.com/US/dog-tired-searchers-break-washington-mudslide/story?id=23126434", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the 1-th image taken?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The images are from 2017 and 2014 respectively, and the recent earthquake in Turkey occurred on February 6, 2023. Hence the claim is refuted.", "claim_text": "A dog aids in the search and rescue efforts in Turkey after a recent earthquake before becoming tired", "claim_images": ["67ca0eab35531374f6c8e689#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67ca0eab35531374f6c8e689#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "military.aviation2", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://www.instagram.com/p/CodAQpJuqos/", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230225052307/https://www.instagram.com/accounts/login/", "reporting_source": "Instagram", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230428051725/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.339R3UR", "date": "2023-02-15", "label": "Refuted", "location": "PH", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://archive.is/CpzbV", "source_medium": "Image/graphic", "boolean_explanation": "Dr. Kilimanguru's genuine Facebook page features a blue verification badge, and the source post page does not."}], "question": "Did the claim come from the official Facebook page of Dr. Kilimanguru (doctor Kilimanjaro Tiwaquen)?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Commonsense-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "There are many ads about how to increase penis size. There are penis pills, creams, stretchers, or stretching devices and surgery. Almost none of them work.", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/N775-USDU", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the US-based Urological Care Foundation say about promotions for methods to increase penis size?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Dr. Winston Kilimanjaro Creones Ayochok Tiwaquen, popularly known as \u201cDr. Kilimanjaro\u201d or \u201cDr. Char,\u201d who, aside from being a medical doctor, is also a TikTok star known for sharing fun yet informative health trivia and advice on his platform with more than 1 million followers.", "source_url": "https://medium.com/up-scientia/liwayway-a-glimpse-of-dawn-for-a-brighter-future-8792c96cdaba", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is doctor Winston Kilimanjaro Creones Tiwaquen?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The official Facebook page of Dr. Kilimanguru (doctor Kilimanjaro Tiwaquen) didn't publish the claim, therefore, the claim is a hoax.", "claim_text": "Popular doctor Winston Kilimanjaro Creones Tiwaquen of the Philippines endorsed magnetic underwear that purportedly increases penis size", "claim_images": ["67ca110135531374f6c8f366#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67ca110135531374f6c8f366#CLAIM#1.jpg", "67ca110135531374f6c8f366#CLAIM#2.jpg", "67ca110135531374f6c8f366#CLAIM#3.jpg", "67ca110135531374f6c8f366#CLAIM#4.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Dr. Kilimanguru", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://www.facebook.com/103819332491948/photos/a.150921134448434/150921114448436/#?jgi", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230428051725/https://ghostarchive.org/archive/hGSFL", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Position Statement"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Consultation"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted", "Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241224085927/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2023/03/15/fact-check-east-coast-whale-deaths-not-tied-offshore-wind-turbines/11434927002/", "date": "2023-03-02", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230425063925/https://www.usatoday.com/story/graphics/2023/03/15/east-coast-new-jersey-whale-deaths-explored/11423773002/", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Many of the deaths are from still-unknown causes, but necropsies have shown many of the whales died from boat collisions and fishing gear entanglements. "}], "question": "Is there any evidence linking the whale deaths to wind farms?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "December 2016", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250210232523/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/14/science/wind-power-block-island.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When did the first offshore wind farm begin operating in the US?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Of the whales examined, about 40% had evidence of human interaction, either ship strike or entanglement. And to date, no whale mortality has been attributed to offshore wind activities. ", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241224085953/https://www.noaa.gov/sites/default/files/2023-01/Transcript-011823-NOAA-Fisheries-Media-Teleconference-East-Coast-whale-strandings-508.pdf", "source_medium": "PDF"}], "question": "What has Lauren Gaches, NOAA Fisheries Public Affairs Director said about the East Coast whale strandings?\n\n", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67ca166d35531374f6c8f874#INPUT#3#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The image was published in 2016 by New Scientist, a magazine in the U.K.\n\n", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240725101707/https://www.newscientist.com/article/2075274-all-you-need-to-know-about-whale-strandings-in-the-uk-and-europe/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the source of the image shown in the claim?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67ca166d35531374f6c8f874#INPUT#4#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "England's east coast", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240725101707/https://www.newscientist.com/article/2075274-all-you-need-to-know-about-whale-strandings-in-the-uk-and-europe/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where was the image taken?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "Based on QA pairs, there is no evidence linking the whale deaths to wind farms. The picture was taken in 2016, but to date, no whale mortality has been attributed to offshore wind activities. ", "claim_text": "Offshore wind turbines are causing whales to die", "claim_images": ["67ca166d35531374f6c8f874#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@Brett1Alexander", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://x.com/Brett1Alexander/status/1631354423405580288", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241224085953/https://twitter.com/Brett1Alexander/status/1631354423405580288", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Causal Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Consultation"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted", "Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240718091327/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.338U7PE", "date": "2023-02-03", "label": "Refuted", "location": "MM", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67cb189035531374f6cd8d4f#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "29 March 2022", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230210090657/https://web.archive.org/web/20230209035911/https://www.myanmaritv.com/news/helicopter-accident-tatmataw-helicopter-accident-near-hakha-airport-confirmed", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image in the claim taken?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cb189035531374f6cd8d4f#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "A military helicopter carrying university entrance exam papers crashed near Hakha airport on March 29, injuring five people, said Maj-Gen Zaw Min Tun, spokesperson of the State Administration Council (SAC) and Deputy Minister for Information.\n\n\"At around 8:50 this morning, a military helicopter flew from Kalay to Hakha to send the university entrance exam papers. We used to send them there before. It arrived in Hakha around 9:20. When it arrived at Hakha Heliport, the wind blew and the helicopter crashed,\" said Maj-Gen Zaw Min Tun.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230209072716/https://elevenmyanmar.com/news/five-injured-in-myanmar-military-helicopter-crash-near-hakha-airport", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What was the cause of the helicopter crash seen in the image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The image is unrelated to the claim. It was taken on  29 March 2022 when a military helicopter carrying university entrance exam papers crashed near Hakha airport, and not in 2023.", "claim_text": "A photo shows a Burmese military helicopter that was shot down by anti-junta fighters in 2023", "claim_images": ["67cb189035531374f6cd8d4f#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230209033054/https://xinhuamyanmar.com/news/myanmar/environment-disasters-accidents/%E1%80%9F%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%81%E1%80%AB%E1%80%B8%E1%80%90%E1%80%BD%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA-%E1%80%90%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%90%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%9F%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA/", "original_claim_url": "", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Keyword Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241219134123/https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/putins-chin-body-double/", "date": "2023-03-20", "label": "Refuted", "location": "UA", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67cb1c0c35531374f6cd921a#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The image is a screenshot of a video posted by New York Times in March 2023 in which Putin was touring Mariupol. Other frames show the man is Putin when he turns his head.", "source_url": "https://www.nytimes.com/video/world/europe/100000008820522/putin-visits-mariupol-ukraine.html", "source_medium": "Video"}], "question": "What is the original source of the 1-th image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cb1c0c35531374f6cd921a#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Russian news agency website TASS posted the image in a Feb 23, 2020 post titled \"Putin announces plans to equip Russian military with advanced hardware\"", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241226193614/https://tass.com/defense/1123223", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the source of the 0-th image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cb1c0c35531374f6cd921a#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The Russian President Vladimir Putin listens to local residents as he visits Mariupol, Russian-controlled Ukraine, in this still image taken from handout video released on March 19, 2023.", "source_url": "https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/article-734744", "source_medium": "Image/graphic"}], "question": "When was the 2-th image taken?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cb1c0c35531374f6cd921a#INPUT#3#0.jpg", "67cb1c0c35531374f6cd921a#INPUT#3#1.jpg", "67cb1c0c35531374f6cd921a#INPUT#3#2.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The changes in his appearance can be largely attributed to age and camera angles."}], "question": "Is there any explanation for the changes in Putin's appearance across the photos?", "answer_method": "Image Analysis", "question_type": ["Image-related", "Commonsense-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is refuted by the evidence that states that the image is a screenshot of a video, and other frames show the man is Putin when he turns his head.", "claim_text": "Photos of Putin's chin as he toured Mariupol prove he uses a body double", "claim_images": ["67cb1c0c35531374f6cd921a#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67cb1c0c35531374f6cd921a#CLAIM#1.jpg", "67cb1c0c35531374f6cd921a#CLAIM#2.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Anton Gerashchenko", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241226144630/https://www.nytimes.com/video/world/europe/100000008820522/putin-visits-mariupol-ukraine.html", "original_claim_url": "", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Position Statement", "Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Media Source Discovery", "Image Analysis", "Video Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230930130006/https://www.boomlive.in/fact-check/politics/fact-check-narendra-modi-degree-certificate-gujarat-university-ks-shastri-vice-chancellor-congress-bjp-fake-21579", "date": "2023-04-05", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67cb244835531374f6cd9578#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "VNGSU's Incumbency Chart of Vice Chancellor ", "source_url": "https://archive.is/8lBMY", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the source of the image of Prof. K.S. Shastri?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "an official position or the time during which someone holds it", "source_url": "https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/us/definition/american_english/incumbency", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does incumbency mean?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Commonsense-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://archive.is/7WTdC", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "A Times of India story from June 2012 reported that Shastri was ousted from the post of president of the Gujarat University Teachers' Association (GUTA) an umbrella body of college teachers of the university. It states \"Shastri, 76, controlled both the associations for 25 years.\" therefore he was alive when the article was written."}], "question": "Did K.S. Shastri die in 1981?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is refuted by the evidence. 1981 refers to the year until which KS Shastri held the position of Vice Chancellor, not the year of his death.", "claim_text": "The former Vice Chancellor KS Shastri, whose signature is seen on PM Modi's Master's degree certificate, died in 1981 two years before the certificate was issued", "claim_images": ["67cb244835531374f6cd9578#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Anil Patel", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://ghostarchive.org/archive/0uS2o", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230406151905/https://twitter.com/AnilPatel_IN/status/1643585577596645377", "reporting_source": "Twitter ", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Keyword Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230128195829/http://www.king5.com/article/tech/science/environment/jordan-peterson-climate-graph-past-9500-10000-years-doesnt-accurately-show-global-temperature-global-warming-climate-change/536-4ce26bd7-e9ef-4e2b-9519-7312ab377853", "date": "2023-01-14", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67cb2f2035531374f6ce27a1#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230207002152/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/greenland/summit/gisp2/isotopes/gisp2_temp_accum_alley2000.txt", "source_medium": "Web table", "boolean_explanation": "The 2004 dataset the graph references is R.B. Alley\u2019s \u201cGISP2 Ice Core Temperature and Accumulation Data,\u201d which is a set of temperature estimates for the past 40,000 years measured from an ice sheet in central Greenland. "}], "question": "Does the source of the data (R.B. Alley 2004) from the graph from the 0-th image represent global temperatures?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cb2f2035531374f6ce27a1#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "boolean_explanation": "The last year listed on the graph is 1885."}], "question": "Does the graph in the 0-th image show data for the last century and a half?", "answer_method": "Image Analysis", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Surface temperature reconstructions of the past 1500 years suggest that recent warming is unprecedented in that time.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230208015937/https://www.science.org/doi/abs/10.1126/science.1228026", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When comparing today's global temperatures to the average of the past 11,300 years what does the data show?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is refuted by the evidence. The graph is irrelevant as the last year listed on the graph is 1885.  Recent warming is unprecedented in that time.", "claim_text": "A graph shows that Earth's current temperatures are historically low, casting doubt on present-day global warming", "claim_images": ["67cb2f2035531374f6ce27a1#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "ClimateThere", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://x.com/ClimateThere/status/1614301669428174851", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230207021533/https://twitter.com/ClimateThere/status/1614301669428174851", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Position Statement"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241224090349/https://checkyourfact.com/2023/04/11/fact-check-national-gallery-london-painting-putin/", "date": "2023-03-30", "label": "Refuted", "location": "GB", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250219161403/https://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/artists/jan-van-eyck", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The painting was never removed, it has been listed as being on display in Room 15 on the National Gallery's official website since the claim date to current day."}], "question": "Did the National Gallery in London remove Jan van Eyck\u2019s \u201cThe Arnolfini Portrait\u201d?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The claim does not appear anywhere on the National Gallery in London\u2019s website.", "source_url": "https://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/about-us/press-and-media/press-releases", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Is there any mention on the National Gallery's website that the painting was removed?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "Based on QA pairs, the claim is refuted as the paining was never removed from the National Gallery in London.", "claim_text": "The National Gallery in London is removing Jan Van Eyck's \"The Arnolfini Portrait\" because a figure in the painting resembles Vladimir Putin", "claim_images": ["67cb2fa235531374f6ce299f#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://x.com/SprinterObserve/status/1641497334696607744", "original_claim_url": "", "reporting_source": "Russian media", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted", "Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230516224036/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2023/04/05/fact-check-photos-show-giant-sloth-fossils-not-giant-human-bones/11572060002/", "date": "2023-03-29", "label": "Refuted", "location": "EC", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67cb33f635531374f6ce3a01#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The skeleton seen in the image is housed in an Ecuadorian museum called Museo Paleontol\u00f3gico Megaterio, which states it is a \"80% articulated skeleton of a Giant Ground Sloth (Eremotherium laurillardi), approximately 4 meters tall.\"", "source_url": "https://archive.org/details/screenshot-3-30-23-museo-paleontologico-megaterio-ground-sloth", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the original source of the 2-th image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cb33f635531374f6ce3a01#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "A CBC Radio news report includes a similar image of the same bones with the caption \"Bones of the extinct giant ground sloth Eremotherium recovered from a tar seep site at Tanque Loma, Ecuador. (Museo Paleontologico Megaterio)\"", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230317133847/https://www.cbc.ca/radio/quirks/may-16-covid-unknowns-a-giant-sloth-graveyard-and-more-1.5569332/a-giant-sloth-graveyard-shows-how-these-enormous-animals-died-and-lived-1.5569340", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Can the 2-th image be traced back to any news reports?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cb33f635531374f6ce3a01#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "It was posted on the Pan American Institute of Geography and History website discussing paleontological fossils, and includes other images of the same fossils similar to the images in the post.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230517144436/https://www.ipgh.gob.ec/portal/?option=com_content&view=article&id=70&catid=13&Itemid=31", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the source of the 1-th image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "Based on the evidence, the images show the skeleton of the extinct giant ground sloth Eremotherium recovered from a tar seep site at Tanque Loma, Ecuador. (Museo Paleontologico Megaterio). The skeleton is approximately 4 meters tall. Hence the claim is refuted.", "claim_text": "The remains of giants 7 meters in height were discovered in the small Equadorian village of Changaimina", "claim_images": ["67cb33f635531374f6ce3a01#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67cb33f635531374f6ce3a01#CLAIM#1.jpg", "67cb33f635531374f6ce3a01#CLAIM#2.jpg", "67cb33f635531374f6ce3a01#CLAIM#3.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Leah Fox", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://www.facebook.com/leah.fox.31105/posts/pfbid02XBDdktaeFdnDwJeRhDTnSUnr2Hn2PVkrLMmC26BuHWahZVerfppuWhW7vfL4SFDul", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230418122448/https://www.facebook.com/login/?next=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fleah.fox.31105%2Fposts%2Fpfbid02XBDdktaeFdnDwJeRhDTnSUnr2Hn2PVkrLMmC26BuHWahZVerfppuWhW7vfL4SFDul", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20231001084221/https://newsmobile.in/articles/2023/04/04/fact-check-does-this-image-show-ancient-hindu-temple-found-under-pyramids-in-egypt-heres-the-truth/", "date": "2023-04-04", "label": "Refuted", "location": "EG", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67c70ce935531374f6bc1581#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The image was first published July 15, 2014", "source_url": "https://www.livescience.com/46806-tomb-painting-discovered-near-great-pyramid.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image first published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related", "Metadata-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67c70ce935531374f6bc1581#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The image shows ancient priest\u2019s tomb painting discovered near Great Pyramid at Giza.", "source_url": "https://www.livescience.com/46806-tomb-painting-discovered-near-great-pyramid.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the image show?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is untrue. The image actually depicts an ancient priest\u2019s tomb painting found near the Great Pyramid at Giza, not a hidden Hindu Sun Temple beneath the pyramids of Egypt.", "claim_text": "The image shows an ancient Hindu Sun Temple that was found under the pyramids of Egypt during excavations.", "claim_images": ["67c70ce935531374f6bc1581#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20231003010656/https://www.livescience.com/46806-tomb-painting-discovered-near-great-pyramid.html", "original_claim_url": "", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240719001037/https://newschecker.in/fact-check/sea-of-yellow-image-is-of-2010-ethiopia-run-not-csk-fans-outside-narendra-modi-stadium/", "date": "2023-05-28", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67c713bc35531374f6bc74ea#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The image was posted on Twitter on November 26, 2017.", "source_url": "https://twitter.com/RescueEthiopia/status/934728740554395648", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image first posted?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related", "Metadata-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67c713bc35531374f6bc74ea#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": " The caption of the photo read, \u201cThe annual Great Ethiopian Run in Addis Ababa is popular among tourists\u201d, crediting it to the Ethiopia Tourism Organization.", "source_url": "https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/ethiopia-africa-travel-next-big-thing/index.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the image show?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": " \u201cThe Great Ethiopian Run\u201d was held in 2010 with the support of MDG achievement fund.", "source_url": "http://mdgfund.org/node/1616", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the Great Ethiopian Run held?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The image actually shows the Great Ethiopian Run in Addis Ababa. It was first posted on Twitter in 2017, while the event itself took place in 2010 with support from the MDG achievement fund.", "claim_text": "An image shows a massive crowd of CSK supporters outside the Narendra Modi Stadium in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, ahead of the IPL 2023 final.", "claim_images": ["67c713bc35531374f6bc74ea#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Nitin Verma", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230530052556/https://twitter.com/Debeaster_Verma/status/1662843760047460364", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230530052556/https://twitter.com/Debeaster_Verma/status/1662843760047460364", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20231001091417/https://newsmobile.in/articles/2023/02/07/fact-check-che-guevara-was-interviewed-by-kp-bhanumathy-for-air-not-neelima-sanyal/", "date": "2023-02-05", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67c7209635531374f6bd299d#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The image was taken durung Che Guevara's 1959 visit to India.", "source_url": "https://www.indiatimes.com/news/india/8-things-you-didn-t-know-about-all-india-radio-that-completes-80-years-today-256402.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image taken?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67c7209635531374f6bd299d#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": " Che was interviewed by KP Bhanumathy on AIR during his 1959 visit to India.", "source_url": "https://www.indiatimes.com/news/india/8-things-you-didn-t-know-about-all-india-radio-that-completes-80-years-today-256402.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the image show?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67c7209635531374f6bd299d#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.indiatimes.com/news/india/8-things-you-didn-t-know-about-all-india-radio-that-completes-80-years-today-256402.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The news presenter in the image is KP Bhanumathy, not Neelima Sanyal."}], "question": "Is Neelima Sanyal in the photo?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The image was taken during Che Guevara's visit to India in 1959. It shows him being interviewed by KP Bhanumathy on All India Radio, not Neelima Sanyal.", "claim_text": "A rare photo, taken in 1959, shows famous radio newsreader Neelima Sanyal and Che Guevara at the studio of All India Radio in Delhi", "claim_images": ["67c7209635531374f6bd299d#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "\u09b0\u09be\u099c\u09c7\u09b6 \u09b8\u09be\u09b9\u09be (Rajesh Saha)", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=208137781750999&set=a.121732893724822", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=208137781750999&set=a.121732893724822", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240623052911/https://newschecker.in/fact-check/want-to-eat-beef-vote-for-congress-mistranslated-congress-poll-hoarding-in-kerala-shared-with-false-claim/", "date": "2023-02-26", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67c7283c35531374f6bd87da#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "It was tweeted on April 12, 2019.", "source_url": "https://x.com/swamisaranamm/status/1116722704231460864", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image first posted?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related", "Metadata-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67c7283c35531374f6bd87da#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The text in Malayalam reads, \u201cI want to know. Killing in the name of food? In this land? In these times? No need for primitive politics.\u201d ", "source_url": "https://www.aajtak.in/fact-check/story/fact-check-kerela-congress-cow-slaughter-vote-lok-sabha-election-social-media-viral-fake-news-651716-2019-04-15", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the poster say?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The poster doesn\u2019t say, \"If you want to eat beef, vote for Congress.\" Instead, it questions violence over food, stating, \u201cKilling in the name of food? In this land? In these times? No need for primitive politics.\u201d The image first appeared on Twitter on April 12, 2019.", "claim_text": "A Congress poster in Kerala quotes the party saying, \u201cIf you want to eat beef, vote for Congress\u201d", "claim_images": ["67c7283c35531374f6bd87da#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Mumbeye", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230301062519/https://twitter.com/AmitavaSumat/status/1629910621000192000", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230301062519/https://twitter.com/AmitavaSumat/status/1629910621000192000", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Quote Verification", "Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230603183834/https://newsmobile.in/articles/2023/03/14/fact-check-old-picture-of-punjab-cm-bhagwant-mann-with-raja-warring-viral-with-misleading-claims/", "date": "2023-03-11", "label": "Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67c72c5a35531374f6bdc493#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The photo was posted on March 17, 2022.", "source_url": "https://twitter.com/manaman_chhina/status/1504483933521838080", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the photo first posted?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related", "Metadata-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67c72c5a35531374f6bdc493#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Congress MLA from Gidderbaha Amrinder Singh Raja Warring met Punjab CM Bhagwant Mann today along with his wife and congratulated him on assuming office.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220317154541/https://twitter.com/manaman_chhina/status/1504483933521838080", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the image show?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The image used in the post matches with the viral picture proving that it is not recent, and therefore is misleading.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220317154541/https://twitter.com/manaman_chhina/status/1504483933521838080", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Does the picture prove that Congress leader Amarinder Singh Brar (Raja Warring) is associated with AAP?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The photo, posted on March 17, 2022, shows Congress MLA Amrinder Singh Raja Warring meeting Punjab CM Bhagwant Mann to congratulate him on taking office. It does not confirm any association between Warring and AAP.", "claim_text": "A photo shows a recent meeting between Punjab CM Bhagwant Mann and State Congress President Amarinder Singh Raja Warring, and confirms that Congress leaders are all associated with Aam Aadmi Party", "claim_images": ["67c72c5a35531374f6bdc493#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Yashmaan Singh", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=893871015155243&set=a.125400622002290", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=893871015155243&set=a.125400622002290", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524150856/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.33EN3CK", "date": "2023-05-06", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67c7310735531374f6bdfd27#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Published: 29 Apr 2023, 12:10 PM IST", "source_url": "https://www.thequint.com/sports/wrestling/wrestlers-protest-bajrang-punia-says-delhi-police-cut-their-electricity-line", "source_medium": "Image/graphic"}], "question": "When was the photo first posted?\n", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related", "Metadata-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.newindianexpress.com/galleries/nation/2023/may/08/in-photos--farmers-khap-leaders-sit-in-solidarity-with-protesting-wrestlers-at-jantar-mantar-in-de-103572.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "On May 8 th farmers, khap leaders sit in solidarity with protesting wrestlers at Jantar Mantar in Delhi"}], "question": "Did the protest end on May 6?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The photo was originally posted on April 29, 2023, at 12:10 PM IST. The protest didn\u2019t end on May 6, as farmers and khap leaders joined the wrestlers at Jantar Mantar on May 8 to show their support.", "claim_text": "After top Indian wrestlers gathered in New Delhi to demand the arrest of the sport's federation chief, social media posts show a photo of the athletes packing up and leaving after they ended the demonstration", "claim_images": ["67c7310735531374f6bdfd27#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "satyam Sahu", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230509230040/https://archive.md/4GzPM", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230509230040/https://archive.md/4GzPM", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search", "Video Analysis", "Audio Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230601015012/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.33FJ8AK", "date": "2023-05-06", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67c73ac635531374f6be0d09#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The image was taken on February 22, 2023.", "source_url": "https://tribune.com.pk/story/2402594/bilawal-discusses-ties-in-lithuania-visit", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image taken?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related", "Metadata-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67c73ac635531374f6be0d09#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The photo's caption reads: \"Foreign Minister Bilawal Bhutto Zardari stands at the monument of Lithuanian freedom fighters after laying a wreath in Vilnius.", "source_url": "https://tribune.com.pk/story/2402594/bilawal-discusses-ties-in-lithuania-visit", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the image show?\n", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": " The image, from February 22, 2023, shows Bilawal Bhutto Zardari at a Lithuanian memorial, not one for Indian soldiers.", "claim_text": "Pakistani Foreign Minister Bilawal Bhutto Zardari is pictured in May, 2023 at a memorial for Indian soldiers killed during a conflict with Pakistan", "claim_images": ["67c73ac635531374f6be0d09#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Dr Fatima K - PTI", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230601111317/https://archive.md/", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230601111317/https://archive.md/", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted", "Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240304085433/https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/private-jets-ceos-warren-buffett-bank-crisis/", "date": "2023-03-19", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67cb347335531374f6ce3c0d#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "January 21, 2016", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240116220730/https://pictures.reuters.com/CS.aspx?VP3=SearchResult&VBID=2C0FCI0HMDERF&SMLS=1&RW=1440&RH=789&POPUPPN=3&POPUPIID=2C0BF1FIDHQZ2", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image (0-th) in the claim taken?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cb347335531374f6ce3c0d#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Passenger jets are parked at the Swiss Airforce base in Duebendorf, Switzerland January 21, 2016. The airport Duebendorf in Duebendorf is used for arrivals and deprtures of participants of the the annual meeting of the World Economic Forum (WEF) in Davos. REUTERS/Arnd Wiegmann", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240116220730/https://pictures.reuters.com/CS.aspx?VP3=SearchResult&VBID=2C0FCI0HMDERF&SMLS=1&RW=1440&RH=789&POPUPPN=3&POPUPIID=2C0BF1FIDHQZ2", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the caption that accompanied the image in the original source?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://x.com/Cokedupoptions/", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The account has a \"PARODY\" disclaimer in its bio."}], "question": "Is @Cokedupoptions on X a reliable news source?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The photo isn\u2019t from a meeting of banking CEOs with Warren Buffett. It was actually taken in 2016 at a Swiss Air Force base during the World Economic Forum. Plus, the claim comes from a parody account, so it\u2019s not a reliable source.", "claim_text": "A photo shows the private jets of banking CEOs seeking deals with Warren Buffett in Omaha", "claim_images": ["67cb347335531374f6ce3c0d#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@Cokedupoptions", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://x.com/Cokedupoptions/status/1637460470306144258", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241224092122/https://twitter.com/Cokedupoptions/status/1637460470306144258", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Fact-checker Reference"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241224092412/https://www.aap.com.au/factcheck/faulty-data-at-the-heart-of-myocarditis-claim/", "date": "2023-01-08", "label": "Refuted", "location": "GB", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67cb353d35531374f6ce3e19#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "It was based in part on data publicized in a January 7 YouTube video by Dr. John Campbell titled \"Swindon Data\", where he claimed 7.2 per cent of people in Swindon were treated for pericarditis or myocarditis in 2021. He used Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust figures released via a freedom of information (FOI) request that appeared to show it recorded 16,239 emergency attendances for pericarditis in 2021 and 2724 for myocarditis in the same year.", "source_url": "http://web.archive.org/web/20230106164646/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=26zP0YhEdmg", "source_medium": "Video"}], "question": "Where did the claim originate?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related", "Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Dr. Campbell published a follow-up video in which he explained the trust had retracted the data and issued corrected figures.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230109182624/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sl6PK-uMn-I", "source_medium": "Video"}], "question": "What did Dr Campbell say in a follow-up video on the Swindon heart complications?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The trust said a formula error meant the figures had become corrupted \u201cduring the process of simplifying the data into a pivot table\u201c.\nThe trust\u2019s corrected figures showed there were only 74 emergency attendances for pericarditis and 12 for myocarditis in 2021.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241224092430/https://www.whatdotheyknow.com/request/myocarditis_and_pericarditis#incoming-2202123", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Did the trust who initially published the incorrect figures address the error?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cb353d35531374f6ce3e19#INPUT#3#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "No, the data was incorrect due to a spreadsheet error, and the actual number was much smaller.\n"}], "question": "Was the claim about 8% of Swindon residents hospitalized for heart issues accurate?", "answer_method": "Image Analysis", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cb353d35531374f6ce3e19#INPUT#4#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "A formula error in a spreadsheet led to the inflation of the figures, which was later corrected by the NHS trust.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241224092412/https://www.whatdotheyknow.com/request/myocarditis_and_pericarditis#incoming-2202123", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What caused the error in the initial heart-related hospital attendance figures?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The info in CLAIM_IMG-0 obtained from Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust figures  through a freedom of information request was publicized on 7 Jan on YouTube By Dr. John Campbell and then he retracted the information the following day where he explained the data was incorrect due to a formula error. He showed the new data on his YouTube video which depicted much small numbers hospitalized with heart issues for the town of Swindon, UK. The  corrected figures showed there were only 74 emergency attendances for pericarditis and 12 for myocarditis in 2021.", "claim_text": "In 2021, up to 8% of the people in the town of Swindon, UK were hospitalized with heart issues ", "claim_images": ["67cb353d35531374f6ce3e19#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "noton_ourwatch", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241224092428/https://www-media.aap.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/13131034/Swindon.png", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241224092428/https://www.instagram.com/accounts/login/?next=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.instagram.com%2Fp%2FCnHi2XHNuj3%2F%3Fhl%3Den&is_from_rle", "reporting_source": "Instagram", "claim_types": ["Causal Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Numerical Comparison", "Video Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241214080354/https://fullfact.org/online/HAARP-clouds/", "date": "2023-04-05", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://haarp.gi.alaska.edu/faq", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "HAARP also says the facility \u201cdoesn\u2019t produce water in the atmosphere, has no capability to release gases or liquids, and does not interact with existing water in clouds.\u201d"}], "question": "Does HAARP produce water in the atmosphere?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2022/10/28/fact-check-high-frequency-research-program-cannot-create-hurricanes/10486031002/", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The research program focuses on the ionosphere, which is located between Earth's lower atmosphere and space, while almost all weather occurs in the lower atmosphere. The program does not affect the weather, according to experts."}], "question": "Can HAARP control the weather of interact with clouds?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "HAARP does not create or manipulate clouds. It studies the ionosphere, far above where weather forms, and has no effect on atmospheric water or weather patterns.", "claim_text": "The High-frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) in Alaska is responsible for the formation of the clouds shown in the image", "claim_images": ["67cb360535531374f6ce4011#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Matt Landamn", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://www.facebook.com/landman808/posts/pfbid0u8BGREM4qJhfSN2MfRd5Y181NzqUfPpTWAifSJ2rFAgPSr73G7oxQDcmmiFsN7BNl#_=_", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230419065101/https://www.facebook.com/login/device-based/regular/login/?login_attempt=1&next=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Flandman808%2Fposts%2Fpfbid0u8BGREM4qJhfSN2MfRd5Y181NzqUfPpTWAifSJ2rFAgPSr73G7oxQDcmmiFsN7BNl&lwv=100", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Causal Claim", "Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241205073101/https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/reusable-grocery-list-1920s/", "date": "2022-08-09", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67cb4da235531374f6ce7441#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "It wasn\u2019t until after World War II that frozen food came into its own. Within a decade, frozen foods would be a $50 billion dollar industry in the United States, and $300 billion worldwide.\nThe growth of the industry was due in large part to the proliferation of larger and larger supermarkets in the late 1940s and 1950s.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241229181304/https://www.wired.com/2017/05/brrrr-secret-history-frozen-food/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When did \"frozen foods,\" which are listed on the device, become widely used?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cb4da235531374f6ce7441#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://books.google.com/books?id=CHYbAQAAMAAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA513&dq=%22benjamin+robbio%22&hl=en#v=onepage&q=%22benjamin%20robbio%22&f=false", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Benjamin Robbio applied for such a patent which was described as \"A memorandum device comprising a hollow body having a top wall, indicia on the obverse face of said wall at spaced locations therealong, a one-piece supporting plate within said body having a longitudinal opening therein, a spring member secured to said plate, said spring member bridging said opening and resting on said plate at the opposite edges thereof, individual movable keys projecting through said wall, each key located to serve one of said spaced indicia and movable into at least two positions with reference to said indicia to selectively designate said indicia, a surface of each of said keys extending into engagement with said spring member at a location thereon between the edges of said opening to be tensioned and held by said spring member in one of said two selected positions.\" The patent application contains an illustration that is similar to the image."}], "question": "Was a patent issued for a reusable grocery list?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "March 1, 1954", "source_url": "https://books.google.com/books?id=CHYbAQAAMAAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA513&dq=%22benjamin+robbio%22&hl=en#v=onepage&q=%22benjamin%20robbio%22&f=false", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "On what date did Benjamin Robbio apply for the patent?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The grocery list isn\u2019t from the 1920s; it was patented in 1954 and includes \"frozen foods,\" which weren\u2019t widely used until after WWII.", "claim_text": "A photograph authentically shows an antique reusable grocery list from the 1920s.", "claim_images": ["67cb4da235531374f6ce7441#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Rush Kazi", "transcription": "Yo, check out this reusable grocery list from the 1920s!", "media_source": "https://x.com/Rushzilla/status/1557043086529806336", "original_claim_url": "https://x.com/Rushzilla/status/1557043086529806336", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Numerical Claim", "Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": [], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230214121918/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2023/01/19/fact-check-woman-flag-kansas-jan-6-not-u-s-capitol-insurrection-donald-trump/11047156002/", "date": "2023-01-06", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67cb54b035531374f6ce8437#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The photo was cropped from a photo posted on Facebook by KSN TV, a local news station in Kansas that includes an article link titled \"Protestors enter Kansas State House\"", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/KSNNews/posts/10158930849014725", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the source of the image in the claim?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cb54b035531374f6ce8437#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Image", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230122112653if_/https://www.ksnt.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/86/2021/01/IMG_9721.jpg", "source_medium": "Image/graphic", "image_answers": ["67cb54b035531374f6ce8437#ANSWER#1#0#0.jpg"]}], "question": "Are there any others photos of the woman from the same event?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cb54b035531374f6ce8437#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The mural Battle of Mine Creek by David H. Overmyer can be seen in the background. The Kansas State Historical Society lists the mural as being on display on the first floor of the Kansas State Capitol building.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20191217225513/https://www.kshs.org/p/kansas-state-capitol-online-tour-battle-of-mine-creek/16586", "source_medium": "Image/graphic"}], "question": "Where was the 1-th image taken? ", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The photo wasn\u2019t taken at the U.S. Capitol on January 6th; it\u2019s from a protest at the Kansas State Capitol, as confirmed by a mural in the background.", "claim_text": "A photo of a woman holding a flag in a government building was taken at the U.S. Capitol building on January 6th", "claim_images": ["67cb54b035531374f6ce8437#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Terrence K Williams", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=735145151304559&set=a.410210850464659", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=735145151304559&set=a.410210850464659", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Video Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221230165427/https://www.boomlive.in/fact-check/photos-former-pakistan-prime-minister-imran-khan-injured-social-media-old-unrelated-pictures-19834", "date": "2022-11-03", "label": "Refuted", "location": "PK", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "On Thursday, November 3, 2022", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230109124303/https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/shots-fired-near-convoy-former-pakistan-pm-imran-khan-media-2022-11-03/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was former Pakistan Prime Minister Imran Khan shot in an assassination attempt?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cb54bb35531374f6ce8639#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Pakistan Tehrik-i-Insaf (PTI) chief Imran Khan sustained serious injuries on his head and back after falling from a lifter during climbing up the stage installed for an election rally in Lahore.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221115100614/https://www.dawn.com/news/812515", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What happened to Imran Khan in this image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "May 8, 2013", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221115100614/https://www.dawn.com/news/812515", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "On what date did Imran Khan fall from the lifter while climing a stage?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cb54bb35531374f6ce8639#INPUT#3#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "August 16, 2014", "source_url": "https://x.com/ImranKhanPTI/status/500842317217927168", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the second image of Imran Kahn originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The images are not from the 2022 assassination attempt on Imran Khan. One is from a 2013 stage fall, and another was published in 2014, both unrelated to the incident.", "claim_text": "The photos show the Imran Khan's condition during the recent assassination attempt.", "claim_images": ["67cb54bb35531374f6ce8639#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67cb54bb35531374f6ce8639#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Pierce Morgan", "transcription": "\"BREAKING NEWS: Former Pakistan prime minister Imran Khan shot in assassination attempt. Reports he was hit in the leg but survived & now being treated in hospital.\"  ", "media_source": "https://archive.ph/niBhu", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.ph/niBhu", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Media Source Discovery"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240519105233/https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/antarctica-seen-from-space/", "date": "2022-07-10", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67cb57c635531374f6ce8e9d#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "February 15, 2007", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240619181128/https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/details.cgi?aid=3402", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cb57c635531374f6ce8e9d#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The image is on NASA's website.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240619181128/https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/details.cgi?aid=3402", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who published the image on February 15, 2007?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cb57c635531374f6ce8e9d#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221005193900/https://archive.ph/gFIuT", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The image is described by NASA as separate images derived from different sources that were composited on a background of matching stars."}], "question": "Did NASA obtain the image by taking a photograph from space?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The image is not a direct photograph from space but a composite of multiple images, according to NASA.", "claim_text": "An image shows an actual photograph of Antarctica taken from space.", "claim_images": ["67cb57c635531374f6ce8e9d#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@ihd2020", "transcription": " \"Antarctica seen from space!\" ", "media_source": "https://archive.ph/6oMzd", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.ph/6oMzd", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250115073640/https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2022/11/fact-check-no-election-fraud-when-bunch-of-bags-randomly-arrive-at-maricopa-county-counting-center.html", "date": "2022-11-16", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67cb5d2d35531374f6ce9f9f#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "November 14, 2022 at 13:53:44", "source_url": "https://www.instagram.com/p/Ck9zkPaLIhp/", "source_medium": "Image/graphic"}], "question": "What is the timestamp on the image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cb5d2d35531374f6ce9f9f#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The location is the Maricopa County Board of Elections who describes the happening as: \"staff is completing a reconciliation of ballots cast against check ins. It will be on our live stream and political party observers are present. This routine process happens every election to ensure only legal ballots are counted.\"", "source_url": "https://x.com/MaricopaVote/status/1592984837681713152?s=20&t=K4kBR9mK4mPzZyFrSmcQTA", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is happening in the image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The image shows a routine ballot reconciliation process at the Maricopa County elections office, not evidence of fraud.", "claim_text": "A \"bunch of bags\" randomly arriving at the Maricopa County, Arizona, counting center prove that election fraud occurred there.", "claim_images": ["67cb5d2d35531374f6ce9f9f#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@theboxthatroxx", "transcription": "This is from the live feed from Maricopa County a few minutes ago. A bunch of bags just randomly arrived at the counting center...", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "", "reporting_source": "Instagram", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Consultation", "Media Source Discovery"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241003131137/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2022/11/17/fact-check-pictures-trashed-mail-and-ballots-date-back-2020/10706626002/", "date": "2022-11-08", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67cb62bd35531374f6ceb0be#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "February 19, 2021 by NBC26", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241203080248/https://www.nbc26.com/news/local-news/authorities-release-photos-of-mail-including-ballots-found-in-ditch-last-year", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cb62bd35531374f6ceb0be#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "\"Three trays of mail were found by the side of a road and in a ditch in Greenville, Wisconsin, in mid-September 2020. News that ballots were found among the mail caused a stir, even then-President Trump made a reference to it during the 2020 presidential campaign.\nThe state's elections officer later said no Wisconsin ballots were in the lost mail.\" ", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241203080248/https://www.nbc26.com/news/local-news/authorities-release-photos-of-mail-including-ballots-found-in-ditch-last-year", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the image published by NBC26 on February 19, 2021 show?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cb62bd35531374f6ceb0be#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "October 7, 2020 by CNN", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230808151216/https://edition.cnn.com/2020/10/07/politics/mail-ballots-dumped-new-jersey-ballots/index.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the second image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cb62bd35531374f6ceb0be#INPUT#3#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "\"According to a DOJ statement, 26-year-old Nicholas Beauchene was arrested and charged with one count of delay of mail and one of obstruction of mail. \nCourt documents say that Beauchene has worked for the Postal Service since July. He\u2019s accused of dumping 1,875 pieces of mail in two dumpsters, one in North Arlington and the other in West Orange. The mail in the North Arlington dumpster contained 98 general election ballots; mail found in the West Orange dumpster had one general election ballot. All of the mail, according to the DOJ, was eventually delivered.\"", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230808151216/https://edition.cnn.com/2020/10/07/politics/mail-ballots-dumped-new-jersey-ballots/index.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the image published by CNN on October 7, 2020 show?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The images are from 2020, not the 2022 midterms, and do not support the claim of widespread discarded ballots.", "claim_text": "Photos show 2022 midterm election ballots found in the trash in locations across the country", "claim_images": ["67cb62bd35531374f6ceb0be#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67cb62bd35531374f6ceb0be#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "WSPN Speculation News", "transcription": "\"ELECTION22: From L.A. County, California to Chavez County, New Mexico, garbage collectors report finding thousands of midterm ballots in trash at hundreds of locations,\" ", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://twitter.com/SpeculationNews/status/1590044542749007873", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Media Source Discovery"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240714080324/https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2022/10/fact-check-bbc-journalist-did-not-fake-reporting.html", "date": "2022-10-05", "label": "Refuted", "location": "", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67cb65ea35531374f6ceba0d#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The BBC's Jeremy Bowen in Irpin, Ukraine", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240716065136/https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-europe-60641873", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is the person in the image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cb65ea35531374f6ceba0d#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240716065136/https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-europe-60641873", "source_medium": "Video", "boolean_explanation": "The image is a still shot taken from a video of Bowen's report on Russian forces pummeling Irpin."}], "question": "Is this image a photograph of Jeremy Bowen?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cb65ea35531374f6ceba0d#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "At 1:52 in the video, the woman had been hiding behind a metal grid during sounds of explosions. In the image, she has just stood up and is about to turn around, away from Bowen.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240716065136/https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-europe-60641873", "source_medium": "Video"}], "question": "What is the woman doing in the image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": " The woman in the image had been taking cover, contradicting claims that Bowen was faking danger.", "claim_text": "BBC war correspondent Jeremy Bowen pretended to be dodging Russian bullets during an attack on Irpin, Ukraine, while local residents safely went about their business.", "claim_images": ["67cb65ea35531374f6ceba0d#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Joram van Klavere", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240716065136/https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-europe-60641873", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=646536826841403&set=a.388530379308717", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Video Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted", "Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241216141752/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.32NR9HT", "date": "2022-11-02", "label": "Refuted", "location": "GB", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67cb712135531374f6cec1ae#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Between 1950 and 1960 in the Collection Monsieur Van de Meerssche : Congo Belge", "source_url": "http://pallas.cegesoma.be/pls/opac/plsp.getplsdoc?lan=E&htdoc=general/opac.htm", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cb712135531374f6cec1ae#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "Although her exact age is not known, her LinkedIn profile indicates that she began university in 1996. ", "source_url": "https://www.linkedin.com/in/kate-foster-001b0111/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "How old is Kate Foster, the UK Ambassador?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "U.K. student are typically 17 or 18 when they enter university.  This means Kate Foster would have been born around 1978 - 18 years after the latest date of the image.", "source_url": "https://www.brightworldguardianships.com/en/guardianship/british-education-system/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "How old are UK students, typically, when they enter university.", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The image is from the 1950s\u201360s, while Kate Foster was likely born around 1978, making it impossible for her to be the girl in the photo.", "claim_text": "The girl standing on the left side of the cage in photo is the British Ambassador(@KFosterFCDO) to Somalia", "claim_images": ["67cb712135531374f6cec1ae#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67cb712135531374f6cec1ae#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Kenyanpress.com", "transcription": "Kate Foster 286 Tweets Follow Kate Foster @KFosterFCDO British Ambassador to Somalia @UKinSomalia. Lover of mountains and bikes. RT does not imply endorsement. @gov.uk/government/peo... Joined November 2020 362 Following 31.6K Followers Followed by khalid, rwbaker343, and 2 others you follow", "media_source": "https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=126368690214662&id=100085245934940", "original_claim_url": "https://perma.cc/B4VC-ZTZ2", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Numerical Comparison", "Consultation", "Reverse Image Search", "Fact-checker Reference"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241105072438/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.32FE86X", "date": "2022-07-18", "label": "Refuted", "location": "", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67cb76b635531374f6cec947#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "July 16, 2022", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220801204333/https://www.christiandaily.co.kr/news/116956", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally posted?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cb76b635531374f6cec947#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220801204333/https://www.christiandaily.co.kr/news/116956", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "\"The National Convention Against the Queer Festival for Homosexuality is in full swing. The organizers estimate that about 100,000 people participated. \u00a9Reporter Noh Hyeong-gu\""}], "question": "Is there a caption on the image published on July 16, 2022?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cb76b635531374f6cec947#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "July 16, 2022 at 12:38 p.m.", "source_url": "https://www.newsis.com/view/?id=NISI20220716_0019033147", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the second image originally posted?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cb76b635531374f6cec947#INPUT#3#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The location of the Queer Culture Festival that was to be held at Seoul Plaza that afternoon.", "source_url": "https://www.newsis.com/view/?id=NISI20220716_0019033147", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the image taken on July 16, 2022 at 12:38 p.m. show?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The event was set to begin at 2:00 p.m. according to the program, which reads (translated):\n\nEvent Program\n- Booth Event: 11:00 ~ 19:00\n\n- Welcome Stage: 14:00 ~ 16:00\n\n- Celebration Stage: 17:30 ~ 19:00\n\n- Pride March: 16:00 ~ 17:30", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/29DW-9Q9K", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What time was the Queer Culture Festival to be held at Seoul Plaza set to begin?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim states misinformation. The caption for CLAIM_IMG_0 read an estimated 100,000 people participated vs.150,000 in the claim at the anti-parade rally. Showing CLAIM_IMG_1 is misleading by stating that 200 people join the Pride Parade. The photo was taken at July 16, 2022 at 12:38 p.m. and the Queer Culture Festival was scheduled to start at 2:00 pm.", "claim_text": "Two hundred people joined the Pride parade in Seoul, while 150,000 were at a nearby anti-parade rally.", "claim_images": ["67cb76b635531374f6cec947#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67cb76b635531374f6cec947#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "naneun upada", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Numerical Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240616065940/https://factly.in/kamaraj-was-not-the-only-person-who-had-the-honour-to-sit-in-front-of-the-queen-elizabeth-ii/", "date": "2022-09-08", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67cb7a7c35531374f6ced0de#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Queen Elizabeth II cutting a cake on the first birthday of her son Prince Andrew at the reception given to her at Rajaji Hall in Madras on February 19, 1961.", "source_url": "https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/when-chennai-baker-baked-a-cake-for-prince-andrews-first-birthday/article65871548.ece", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What event does the image show?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cb7a7c35531374f6ced0de#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The article, published in The Hindu, is titled \"When Kamaraj ordered cake for the prince\"", "source_url": "https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/when-chennai-baker-baked-a-cake-for-prince-andrews-first-birthday/article65871548.ece", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the title of the article that contains the image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cb7a7c35531374f6ced0de#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/when-chennai-baker-baked-a-cake-for-prince-andrews-first-birthday/article65871548.ece", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Kamaraj is shown seated between the Queen and Prince Phillip."}], "question": "Is Kamaraj included in the photo?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cb7a7c35531374f6ced0de#INPUT#3#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Image", "image_answers": ["67cb7a7c35531374f6ced0de#ANSWER#3#0#0.jpg"]}], "question": "Is there another, wider image of the scene to show what is to the Queen's right side?", "answer_method": "Image Analysis", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "Kamaraj did sit near Queen Elizabeth II, but there\u2019s no proof he was the only one ever given this honor.", "claim_text": "Indian independence activist & former CM of Madras state Kamaraj was the only person who had the honour of sitting infront of Queen Elizabeth-II.", "claim_images": ["67cb7a7c35531374f6ced0de#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67cb7a7c35531374f6ced0de#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Manoharan Nadar", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://scontent-det1-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/302545457_2108977215949464_4088845178997759302_n.jpg?_nc_cat=104&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=86c6b0&_nc_ohc=6DbNXhCW91AQ7kNvgFtqGQI&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-det1-1.xx&_nc_gid=AtVaxpCPWGQrHFVsI5iI42N&oh=00_AYDyce1iSYfGuEetk7DK8n4iqOmN5TUvISxreF8EnZIigA&oe=67A1C7E4", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=2108977219282797&set=a.104800899700449&type=3", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search", "Image Analysis", "Video Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221110192557/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.32FW9VH", "date": "2022-08-01", "label": "Refuted", "location": "NG", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67cb7d0135531374f6ced873#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "June 6, 2021", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220819184628/https://www.anaedoonline.ng/2021/06/06/just-in-unknown-gunmen-kidnap-man-hilux-truck-set-ablaze-in-nnewi-video/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cb7d0135531374f6ced873#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "\"Unknown Gunmen Kidnap Man, Hilux Truck Set Ablaze In Nnewi\" is the headline attached to the image. ", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220819184628/https://www.anaedoonline.ng/2021/06/06/just-in-unknown-gunmen-kidnap-man-hilux-truck-set-ablaze-in-nnewi-video/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What occurred in the image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The image used is from a different event in Nnewi, not the Leru-Lokpanta Road incident, and was published over a year earlier.", "claim_text": "Unknown gunman killed two soldiers and set a Petrol Van ablaze on Leru-Lokpanta Road. ", "claim_images": ["67cb7d0135531374f6ced873#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Critics News", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://perma.cc/L2JW-GPE9", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Reverse Image Search", "Image Analysis", "Geolocation"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230319191331/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.32PX4P8", "date": "2022-11-08", "label": "Refuted", "location": "KE", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67cb80bf35531374f6cee59c#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.amazon.com/s?k=This+is+called+making+love&i=stripbooks&crid=1HA0M8EGLEM8O&sprefix=this+is+called+making+love%2Cstripbooks%2C163&ref=nb_sb_noss", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "There is no such book for sale online."}], "question": "Is the book \"This is Called Making Love\" available for purchase online?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cb80bf35531374f6cee59c#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://kicd.ac.ke/wp-content/plugins/pdfjs-viewer-shortcode/pdfjs/web/viewer.php?file=https://kicd.ac.ke/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Orange-book-primary-2017.pdf&attachment_id=&dButton=false&pButton=false&oButton=false&sButton=true", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The text is not a publication that is part of the CBC reading material."}], "question": "Is the book, \"This is Called Making Love\" included in the list of approved school text books by the Republic of Kenya Ministry of Education?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The book \"This is Called Making Love\" does not appear to exist and is not part of Kenya's approved school curriculum.", "claim_text": "An image shows a page from the book \"This is Called Making Love,\" which is used in the Competency-Based Curriculum in Kenya.", "claim_images": ["67cb80bf35531374f6cee59c#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Modern Kenyan Corps", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/100064441946157/posts/493358312822229", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Media Source Discovery", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221013093311/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.32L63P7", "date": "2022-10-03", "label": "Refuted", "location": "AF", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67cb836e35531374f6ceed35#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "June 2, 2021 in GeoNews", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221012100209/https://www.geo.tv/latest/353188-lahore-police-arrest-burqa-clad-man-from-court", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cb836e35531374f6ceed35#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "\"Lahore police on Wednesday arrested a man who had arrived at the court in a burqa to avoid arrest.\nFaraz, who had married his wife out of choice, accompanied her to the court. However, police searched him based on suspicion and caught him.\nThe police say that the parents of Faraz\u2019s wife had filed a kidnapping case against him and had come to court to get bail.\nHowever, Faraz says he had worn the burqa so he could deceive the parents of his wife.\"\n\n", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221012100209/https://www.geo.tv/latest/353188-lahore-police-arrest-burqa-clad-man-from-court", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What are the circumstances surrounding the image published by GeoNews on June 2, 2021?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The image is from a 2021 incident in Lahore involving a man wearing a burqa to avoid arrest, not from a protest in Herat.", "claim_text": "The image shows a burqa-clad man joining protesters of a suicide attack in Herat", "claim_images": ["67cb836e35531374f6ceed35#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67cb836e35531374f6ceed35#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@HabibKamran2020", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://mobile.twitter.com/HabibKamran2020/status/1576862166262550528", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted", "Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241224092707/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2023/01/18/fact-check-plants-cannot-absorb-all-carbon-dioxide/11022863002/", "date": "2022-12-29", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Carbon cycle experts estimate that natural \u201csinks\u201d\u2014processes that remove carbon from the atmosphere\u2014on land and in the ocean absorbed the equivalent of about half of the carbon dioxide we emitted each year in the 2011-2020 decade. ", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241229110226/https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-atmospheric-carbon-dioxide", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "How much CO2 do natural processes remove from the atmosphere?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Plants and soils together currently absorb an estimated 30 percent of the CO2 emitted by human activities each year.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241219002533/https://news.climate.columbia.edu/2021/02/25/carbon-dioxide-cause-global-warming/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What percentage of CO2 emissions do plants and soils absorb?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "More greenhouse gas emissions will lead to more climate extremes and widespread damaging effects across our planet. However, those future effects depend on the total amount of carbon dioxide we emit. So, if we can reduce emissions, we may avoid some of the worst effects.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241223221820/https://climate.nasa.gov/effects/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Is CO2 harmful to the environment?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is misleading because natural sinks on land and in the ocean absorb about half of the carbon dioxide emitted each year and plants and soils together currently absorb about 30% of the CO2 emitted by human activities each year. More greenhouse gas emissions will lead to more climate extremes and widespread damaging effects across our planet. ", "claim_text": "Carbon dioxide is not a problem for the environment because it is involved in photosynthesis", "claim_images": ["67cb842b35531374f6cef4d4#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Marie Skinner", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://www.facebook.com/login/?next=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fphoto.php%3Ffbid%3D10210133856940820%26set%3Da.1045110545913%26type%3D3", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230118191418/https://www.facebook.com/login/?next=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fphoto.php%3Ffbid%3D10210133856940820%26set%3Da.1045110545913%26type%3D3", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241218210853/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.32GR22K", "date": "2022-08-15", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67cb856a35531374f6cef6d8#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Brandon Odom", "source_url": "https://www.instagram.com/dicksoncountysheriffsoffice/p/CfuEA_kJQQ3/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is the person in the image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cb856a35531374f6cef6d8#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "Brandon Odom is an inmate at the Dickson County, Tennessee Jail. On the claim date, he was serving a four-year sentence for reckless homicide.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220827091155/https://theinmatesearch.net/inmate-profile/Brandon_Lee_Odom/227761/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is Brandon Odom?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The man in the image was in jail at the time, so he couldn't have been hunting in Arlington.", "claim_text": "Photo shows a serial killer or abductor who is currently hunting in Arlington", "claim_images": ["67cb856a35531374f6cef6d8#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Michael Michael", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://lite.evernote.com/note/502a3463-5c8a-4e89-abb5-d12581782d7c", "original_claim_url": "https://lite.evernote.com/note/502a3463-5c8a-4e89-abb5-d12581782d7c", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220824012432/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2022/07/19/fact-check-image-reused-false-claims-babies-kidnapped-us/10072741002/", "date": "2022-07-10", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67cb872a35531374f6cefe79#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "January 5, 2016", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20181124220353/https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/80496/wheres-my-baby", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cb872a35531374f6cefe79#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "A young woman  walked out of the the government-run Vicente Sotto Memorial Medical Center in Cebu City, Phillipines carrying a two-day-old baby in a blue blanket.\n\n\n\n", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20181124220353/https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/80496/wheres-my-baby", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the image show?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": " The image actually shows a baby being taken from a hospital in the Philippines, not North Carolina.", "claim_text": "A woman stole a baby from a North Carolina hospital", "claim_images": ["67cb872a35531374f6cefe79#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search", "Image Analysis", "Video Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240716081302/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.32H34V8", "date": "2022-08-07", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67cb992d35531374f6cf2d67#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "July 1936, part of the \"Dust Bowl\", produced one of the hottest summers on record across the country, especially across the Plains, Upper Midwest, and Great Lakes regions. ", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/P9RQ-VKJR", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Many of the states show 1936 as their highest state temperature record. What happened in that year?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "This is considered a weather event. Weather takes place over short periods of time\u2014hours, days, or weeks. Climate describes the weather over decades.", "source_url": "https://www.whoi.edu/know-your-ocean/did-you-know/whats-the-difference-between-climate-and-weather/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Would this hot 1936 summer be considered as climate change or as a weather event?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Earth\u2019s temperature has risen by 0.14\u00b0 Fahrenheit (0.08\u00b0 Celsius) per decade since 1880, but the rate of warming since 1981 is more than twice that: 0.32\u00b0 F (0.18\u00b0 C) per decade.", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/ZCK8-9KGS", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "How have temperatures tracked over the decades?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "A single hot year in 1936 was a weather event, not proof against human-driven climate change, which is based on long-term temperature trends showing sustained warming.", "claim_text": "Map showing historic heat records across the United States is evidence against human-driven global warming", "claim_images": ["67cb992d35531374f6cf2d67#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Lance Mills", "transcription": "Year and Decade of Highest U.S. State Temperature Records Data from NOAA (2019)", "media_source": "https://scontent-det1-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/297256800_10226248291368726_1964999540948928353_n.jpg?_nc_cat=111&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=833d8c&_nc_ohc=eU_SsICId2MQ7kNvgFBgI1Z&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-det1-1.xx&_nc_gid=A8wv6HwVtYHQMx-CQo2oj8Y&oh=00_AYD4B6O8ZbQpmWq0rFOTyBNLqHn2xGCJAL0DLHou7N95hg&oe=67A1C2E9", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10226248291408727", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Causal Claim", "Numerical Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Numerical Comparison", "Consultation", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": [], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240908091137/https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2022/08/fact-check-diesel-generator-at-el-paso-airport-is-not-powering-ev-charging-station.html", "date": "2021-11-11", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67cb9d9635531374f6cf3cc5#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The Blink charging station is located at the El Paso International Airport.", "source_url": "https://www.plugshare.com/location/6615", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where is the charging station in the image located?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "\"Electric charging stations function by converting power from the electrical grid to direct current that electric vehicles use. DC fast chargers, which allow quick charging in minutes using higher voltages and wattages, are only available at public stations. \n\nDrivers plug their vehicles into the electric vehicle charging stations, which deliver power to the vehicle's battery charging system. When done, drivers unplug so the next EV can charge up from the ever-flowing grid power supply. Home stations wire directly into the home's electrical system.\"", "source_url": "https://blinkcharging.com/?locale=en", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "How do Blink charging stations work?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "Blink charging stations are not powered by diesel generators. The charging station in the photo is located at El Paso International Airport. DC fast chargers, which allow quick charging in minutes using higher voltages and wattages, are only available at public stations. The electric charging stations function by converting power from the electrical grid to direct current that electric vehicles use. Home stations wire directly into the home's electrical system.", "claim_text": "Photo shows an electric vehicle charging station powered by a diesel generator", "claim_images": ["67cb9d9635531374f6cf3cc5#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "orbitalredcow", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://rejouer.perma.cc/replay-web-page/w/id-5c85997a583d/im_/https://preview.redd.it/1vv2ek3ij2z71.jpg?width=960&crop=smart&auto=webp&s=5478e4e940e6f7ad7a67c687db7540746e070442", "original_claim_url": "https://perma.cc/9FVY-7RWT", "reporting_source": "Reddit", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240815001954/https://healthfeedback.org/claimreview/unvaccinated-people-more-likely-develop-severe-covid-19-die-contrary-germany-data/", "date": "2022-11-06", "label": "Refuted", "location": "DE", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "\"By the end of August 2021, around 60% of the population had received two COVID-19 vaccine doses.\" By the claim date that percentage would have been significantly higher.", "source_url": "https://health.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2021-12/2021_chp_de_english.pdf", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What percentage of Germany's population was vaccinated by the claim date?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "COVID-19 vaccination decreases COVID-19 hospital length of stay, in-hospital death, and increased home discharge.\n", "source_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9933576/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What effect does Covid-19 vaccination have on hospitalization?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/2796235", "source_medium": "Other", "boolean_explanation": "\"That a substantial and growing proportion of people hospitalized with COVID-19 were vaccinated is not surprising; the proportion of hospitalized cases who are vaccinated, including those who are boosted, is expected to increase as population vaccination coverage and receipt of booster doses increases.\""}], "question": "If the majority of a country's citizens are vaccinated against Covid-19, would the majority of hospitalizations be people who are vaccinated?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "High vaccination rates mean more vaccinated people may be hospitalized, but vaccines still reduce severe disease and death.", "claim_text": "More than 88% of ICU patients in Germany are vaccinated; the COVID-19 vaccines no longer protect against severe disease.", "claim_images": ["67cba3ef35531374f6cf44a7#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "olafgarber", "transcription": "Share of unvaccinated Covid-1q9 patients in intensive care in Germany", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://twitter.com/olafgarber/status/1589219377232035840", "reporting_source": "twitter", "claim_types": ["Numerical Claim", "Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": [], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240723025608/https://www.thequint.com/news/webqoof/arvind-kerjiwal-lowest-power-cut-delhi-punjab-fact-check", "date": "2023-05-16", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67ccaf0f35531374f6d052b8#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The Council on Energy, Environment, and Water (CEEW) in its 2020 report \"State of Electricity Access in India\nInsights from the India Residential Energy Survey (IRES 2020)\"", "source_url": "https://www.ceew.in/publications/access-to-electricity-availability-and-electrification-percentage-in-india", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who published the graph in the image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/captain-amarinder-singh-resigns-as-punjab-chief-minister/article36533317.ece", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The Congress government was in power in Punjab in 2020 under the leadership of Amarinder Singh when the report was published."}], "question": "Was the AAP in power in 2020 when the CEEW report was published?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67ccaf0f35531374f6d052b8#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.ceew.in/sites/default/files/ceew-research-on-state-of-electricty-access-and-coverage-in-india.pdf", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "A different graph appears in the report which shows many other states that are in an order that is different than the order in the image."}], "question": "Is the graph in the image the same as the graph that appears in the CEEW report?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67ccaf0f35531374f6d052b8#INPUT#3#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Image", "source_url": "https://www.ceew.in/sites/default/files/ceew-research-on-state-of-electricty-access-and-coverage-in-india.pdf", "source_medium": "Image/graphic", "image_answers": ["67ccaf0f35531374f6d052b8#ANSWER#3#0#0.jpg"]}], "question": "What does the chart in the original CEEW report look like?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67ccaf0f35531374f6d052b8#INPUT#4#0.jpg", "67ccaf0f35531374f6d052b8#INPUT#4#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "boolean_explanation": "The order of the states was manipulated."}], "question": "Does a comparison of the two graphs show that the information in the image was manipulated?", "answer_method": "Image Analysis", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": " The claim relies on a manipulated graph, and Punjab's power reliability in 2020 was under a different government.", "claim_text": "Although the AAP governments of Punjab and Delhi were criticised for providing free electricity, they experience the lowest power cuts in the country", "claim_images": ["67ccaf0f35531374f6d052b8#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67ccaf0f35531374f6d052b8#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Arvind Kejriwal", "transcription": "BRILLIANT! DELHI HAS INDIA'S LOWEST POWER CUTS! -India Residential Energy Survey, CEEW FREE & 24X7 ELECTRICITY ONLY 'KEJRIWAL MODEL' CAN DO THIS!", "media_source": "https://archive.is/ZOFJN/23f09afdfe525457f9475a40ad1267644217c7ca.jpg", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.is/ZOFJN", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Numerical Claim", "Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Numerical Comparison", "Media Source Discovery", "Keyword Search", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": [], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240724094344/https://factly.in/varaha-sculpture-from-the-2015-built-balasores-jagannath-temple-shared-as-a-thousand-years-old-sculpture/", "date": "2022-11-06", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67ccb26935531374f6d05a81#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The Varah avatar statue is carved and mounted on the wall of Emami Jagannath Mandir(temple)", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230413120645/https://aminoapps.com/c/mythology/page/blog/varah-avatar-statue-mounted-on-the-wall-of-emami-jagannath-mandir-temple/J0KW_0Zudu84ZKxPbVvqwW1ErWWopqd2z", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where is the statue depicted in the image located?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67ccb26935531374f6d05a81#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/emami-group-builts-rs-17-cr-jagannath-temple-115112800463_1.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "\"Noted architect and sculptor Padma Vibhushan Sri Raghunath Mohapatra was entrusted to build the temple in 2009,\" and it was completed in 2015."}], "question": "Was the statue carved when the Jagannath temple was built?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The sculpture was created when the temple was built in 2015, not thousands of years ago.", "claim_text": "A Varaha sculpture from the Balasore\u2019s Jagannath temple built in 2015 is thousands of years old.", "claim_images": ["67ccb26935531374f6d05a81#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Unknown", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/groups/449586312501710/posts/1282794559180877/", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted"], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240614163143/https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2022/08/fact-check-amazon-is-not-selling-unclaimed-packages-for-195-its-a-third-party-seller.html", "date": "2022-08-12", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The US Postal Service contracts with various companies to auction undelivered goods, including Amazon packages. Packages and undelivered goods from Amazon are also sold by Amazon to liquidators who, in turn, auction the packages.", "source_url": "https://www.komando.com/tips/how-to-buy-unclaimed-packages/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What happens to Amazon unclaimed packages?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "Amazon itself does not sell unclaimed packages for $1.95. Instead, undelivered goods, including Amazon packages, are auctioned off by third-party liquidators or through USPS contracts. The claim misrepresents how these packages are handled.", "claim_text": "Amazon is selling unclaimed packages for $1.95.", "claim_images": ["67ccb4a435531374f6d06248#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "pallets store", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240614163143/https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=pfbid0262uw6YzBqCb1HMxn8aBDTvthTDpYK4xGukUrAqtbeDNizKkrnWgw6dhpDEsaKHa3l&id=110057145138445", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted"], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240612142516/https://www.polygraph.info/a/fact-check-kremlin-conjures-up-postage-stamp-to-spread-ukraine-antisemitism-smear-/6743433.html", "date": "2022-07-19", "label": "Refuted", "location": "UA", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67ccb7c235531374f6d06a0f#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240725062903/https://postmark.ukrposhta.ua/index.php?route=product/category&path=83_85&sort=pd.name&order=ASC&limit=100", "source_medium": "Image/graphic", "boolean_explanation": "Ukrposhta has 36 postage stamp designs on its website and the image is not among them."}], "question": "Does the postage stamp resembling the design of Mount Rushmore appear on Ukraine's postal service website?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240725062903/https://postmark.ukrposhta.ua/index.php?route=product/category&path=83_85&sort=pd.name&order=ASC&limit=100", "source_medium": "Image/graphic", "boolean_explanation": "None of the proposed stamps published by Ukrposhta resemble the stamp in the image."}], "question": "Is the stamp in the image among the proposed stamp designs for 2022 in Ukraine?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "Ukraine\u2019s postal service never printed this stamp. It\u2019s not on their website or in their 2022 designs.", "claim_text": "Ukraine's postal service printed an antisemitic postage stamp whose design was inspired by Mount Rushmore", "claim_images": ["67ccb7c235531374f6d06a0f#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "\u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d \u041a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220719190803im_/https://cdnstatic.rg.ru/uploads/attachments/2022/07/19/2pmarka_75d.jpg", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220719190803/https://rg.ru/2022/07/19/bandera-petliura-zelenskij-i-hrushchev.html", "reporting_source": "Rossiskaya Gazeta", "claim_types": ["Quote Verification", "Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Image Analysis", "Fact-checker Reference"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted", "Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220812155547/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.32FJ4CX", "date": "2022-07-22", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67ccbcae35531374f6d07376#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "February 29, 2020", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220803115340/https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/state/jharkhand/deogarh/president-ramnath-kovind-worships-baba-vaidyanath-temple-in-deoghar-during-his-jharkhand-visit", "source_medium": "Image/graphic"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "SMT. Droupadi Murmu was governor from May 18,  2015 to July 13, 2021", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220622060603/https://rajbhavanjharkhand.nic.in/former_governor.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What position with the government did Murmu occupy at the time?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "July 25, 2022", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/SWN9-TP5V", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When did the presidential transition from Kovind to Murmu take place?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The image was originally published in 2020, before Droupadi Murmu became president. It was not taken during the presidential transition in 2022.", "claim_text": "An image of former Indian president Ram Nath Kovind and his successor President Droupadi Murmu performing a Hindu ritual was taken during the presidential transition.", "claim_images": ["67ccbcae35531374f6d07376#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Praveen Gugnani", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://www.evernote.com/shard/s731/sh/a8e73a5c-6f06-419b-a2c9-c3b8584e7e94/9b43969326ff48d8bf4edd5890895a34", "original_claim_url": "https://www.evernote.com/shard/s731/sh/a8e73a5c-6f06-419b-a2c9-c3b8584e7e94/9b43969326ff48d8bf4edd5890895a34", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery", "Reverse Image Search", "Image Analysis", "Video Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240620054943/https://www.altnews.in/false-claim-of-kajal-murdered-by-gaffar-in-assam-shared-with-old-pictures-shradha-case/", "date": "2022-12-07", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67ccbeba35531374f6d07b4b#INPUT#0#0.jpg", "67ccbeba35531374f6d07b4b#INPUT#0#1.jpg", "67ccbeba35531374f6d07b4b#INPUT#0#2.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "2010", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240714162142/https://noticiasdeitabuna.blogspot.com/2010/03/matou-mulher-e-escondeu-no-freezer.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When were the images originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Brazil\u2019s Usasco", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240714162142/https://noticiasdeitabuna.blogspot.com/2010/03/matou-mulher-e-escondeu-no-freezer.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where did the incident occur?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The incident described in the claim did not occur in Assam. The images used are from 2010 and are related to an incident in Osasco, Brazil, making the claim false.", "claim_text": "In Assam, another Shraddha got packed in the freezer. The woman, Kajal, who was  in a live-in relationship, was raped by 7 Muslim boys and then packed alive and unconscious in the freezer where she died of the cold. ", "claim_images": ["67ccbeba35531374f6d07b4b#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67ccbeba35531374f6d07b4b#CLAIM#1.jpg", "67ccbeba35531374f6d07b4b#CLAIM#2.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@yogeshDharmSena", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://twitter.com/yogeshDharmSena/status/1600419945296248832", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Reverse Image Search", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20231210144826/https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/aaron-rodgers-hat-man-rabbit-ayahuasca/", "date": "2023-01-16", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Wisconsin News in August, 2022", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20231208190803/https://wisconsinnews.today/rodgers-wont-stop-talking-about-the-hat-man-since-his-ayahuasca-trip/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where was the claim originally published?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20231208190858/https://wisconsinnews.today/about-us/", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The \"About Us\" page of Wisconsin News states that their mission is \"[t]o bring joy and a sense of community. We aim to be the lighthearted escape you didn\u2019t know you needed in a world full of serious news. The stories may not be real but are designed to provoke thoughtful conversations and meaningful change.\""}], "question": "Is Wisconsin News a mainstream media outlet?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The source that published it, Wisconsin News, openly states that its stories are not real and are meant to be lighthearted or satirical. That means the claim about Aaron Rodgers seeing the \"Hat Man\" during an ayahuasca trip is not based on actual events.", "claim_text": "Football player Aaron Rodgers described seeing a shadowy \u201cHat Man\u201d during ayahuasca-fueled trips in Peru, saying, \u201cHe will sometimes appear in the distance usually veiled by darkness holding the corpse of a dead rabbit and sometimes a blade.\u201d", "claim_images": ["67ccc26035531374f6d08322#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67ccc26035531374f6d08322#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "HolUp", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20231208190803im_/https://i0.wp.com/wisconsinnews.today/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/ROdger-Hat-man-1.jpg?w=1100&ssl=1", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230205035710/https://www.reddit.com/r/HolUp/comments/10dqnd2/aaron_come_again/", "reporting_source": "Reddit", "claim_types": ["Quote Verification", "Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Satirical Source Identification"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted"], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230323071421/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2023/02/24/fact-check-cloud-turkey-not-connected-haarp-earthquakes/11329920002/", "date": "2023-02-11", "label": "Refuted", "location": "TR", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67ccc54e35531374f6d08aff#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The cloud is called a lens or lenticular cloud.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230123055308/https://www.usatoday.com/videos/news/have-you-seen/2023/01/20/huge-lens-cloud-turkey-looks-like-eery-ufo/11090920002/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What type of cloud is shown in the image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "It is formed through the \u201cmechanical disruption of the ambient wind flow.\u201d Where stable moist air flows over a mountain or a range of mountains, a series of large-scale standing waves may form on the downwind side. If the temperature at the crest of the wave drops to the dew point, moisture in the air may condense to form lenticular clouds. ", "source_url": "https://skybrary.aero/articles/lenticular-cloud", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What causes the formation of a lens or lenticular cloud?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The cloud in the image is a lenticular cloud, which forms naturally when moist air flows over mountains. There\u2019s no evidence linking it to HAARP or earthquakes.", "claim_text": "Unique cloud in Turkey is connected to HAARP and earthquakes.", "claim_images": ["67ccc54e35531374f6d08aff#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67ccc54e35531374f6d08aff#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "flatearthfightclub", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://archive.org/download/lenticularcloudpost/lenticularcloudpost.PNG", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.org/details/lenticularcloudpost", "reporting_source": "Instagram", "claim_types": ["Causal Claim", "Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted", "Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240617045936/https://check4spam.com/fifa-will-keep-peles-feet-in-the-museum-spam/", "date": "2023-01-02", "label": "Refuted", "location": "BR", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67ccc8e835531374f6d092e2#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The image was taken in Purchase, New York in 1981 by the famed photographer Annie Leibovitz as a birthday gift for Pele. ", "source_url": "https://www.instagram.com/p/CGsH2e2gSBC/?utm_source=ig_web_copy_link", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the origin of this image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "Pele was buried in Sao Paulo after his death on December 29, 2022 at the age of 82.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240511034011/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/42751517", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where are Pele's feet now?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "Pel\u00e9 was buried intact in S\u00e3o Paulo, and there is no evidence that FIFA planned to keep his feet in a museum.", "claim_text": "FIFA will keep Peles feet in a museum Pele family have given permission.", "claim_images": ["67ccc8e835531374f6d092e2#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67ccc8e835531374f6d092e2#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "SIR KHAY", "transcription": "BREAKING FIFA WILL KEEP PELE'S FEET IN THE MUSEUM. PELE'S FAMILY HAS GIVEN THE PERMISSION", "media_source": "https://www.instagram.com/p/CGsH2e2gSBC/?utm_source=ig_web_copy_link,https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FlYUq6ZX0AA5Vgf?format=jpg&name=small", "original_claim_url": "https://x.com/sleek_khay/status/1609496671217385472", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery", "Fact-checker Reference"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted", "Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230701110653/https://www.vishvasnews.com/english/viral/fact-check-claim-of-tata-group-building-new-parliament-house-for-re-1-is-false/", "date": "2023-04-09", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "\"The tender for construction of new Parliament Building have been invited through open competitive bidding. M/s TATA Projects\nLtd emerged as the lowest tenderer with quoted amount of Rs.861.91 Crore.\"", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230422232033/https://pqals.nic.in/annex/174/AU1896.pdf", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who was the lowest bidder for construction of the new Parliament House in India?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "December, 2020", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230616060313/https://centralvista.gov.in/new-parliament-building.php", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When did construction on the new Parliament Building begin?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The Parliament Building is an active project still.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230616060313/https://centralvista.gov.in/new-parliament-building.php", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the Parliament Building completed?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": " The Tata Group didn't build the new Parliament House for just \u20b91. They actually won the contract through a competitive bidding process for \u20b9861.91 crore. Also, the claim that construction was completed in 17 months isn\u2019t supported, as the project was still ongoing.", "claim_text": "The construction of the new Parliament House has been completed in just 17 months and that the Tatas have only received payment of Re 1.", "claim_images": ["67cccbf935531374f6d09ba4#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Devi Veeramachaneni", "transcription": "*New Indian Parliament House* *Two new records:* *1. It was built in merely 17 months.* '2. TATA built it and only one rupee was a cost to the government.* *This is TATA's gift to our great Nation.*", "media_source": "https://rejouer.perma.cc/replay-web-page/w/id-b93087f2ce59/im_/https://scontent-iad3-2.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/340444829_534515928886145_4341088138034627120_n.jpg?_nc_cat=103&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=5cd70e&_nc_ohc=iRiFaPdidqMAX9LKTR5&_nc_ht=scontent-iad3-2.xx&oh=00_AfCDARebARTz0CX1QS42dd0cfFVv41h7t0sIG4cgJWTE4w&oe=6437F399", "original_claim_url": "https://perma.cc/BPH6-YP73", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Numerical Claim", "Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Numerical Comparison", "Consultation"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted", "Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230515044423/https://fullfact.org/online/hoax-post-puppy-leg-cast/", "date": "2023-05-06", "label": "Refuted", "location": "GB", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67ccd25b35531374f6d0c64c#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "In 2017", "source_url": "https://www.reddit.com/r/aww/comments/7mvl0s/this_adorable_puppy_with_a_cast/?rdt=42224", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "A person in the comment section to the image stated that the puppy was accidentally stepped on by its owner and that the image first appeared in r/VetTech", "source_url": "https://www.reddit.com/r/aww/comments/7mvl0s/this_adorable_puppy_with_a_cast/?rdt=42224", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Was the puppy injured on the side of the road?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": " The image of the injured puppy was originally published in 2017 and was not related to an incident on the side of the road. Instead, a comment suggests the injury happened when the puppy was accidentally stepped on by its owner.", "claim_text": "A picture shows an injured puppy that has been found at the side of the road.", "claim_images": ["67ccd25b35531374f6d0c64c#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "local interest groups in Faversham, Kent, and Colchester, Essex, as well as in the US and Canada", "transcription": "Hello. If anyone is looking for this sweet boy, My husband  found him lying on the side road in [relevant local area] ,  was hit by a car in a hit and run incident. We took him to the vet he is not chipped I know someone is looking for him. Please bump this post to help me find the owner [sic]", "media_source": "https://preview.redd.it/muzr014aaw601.jpg?width=1080&crop=smart&auto=webp&s=5e804836515a37582ce869c755a54736abd49785", "original_claim_url": "", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240625175125/https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2023/03/fact-check-stray-dog-was-not-found-by-police-and-up-for-adoption-post-is-a-real-estate-scam.html", "date": "2023-02-28", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67ccd61e35531374f6d0ce3d#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "February 8, 2023 by Southlake DPS", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/SouthlakePublicSafety/posts/pfbid0xHciiaGd8S5kYu1zj7THgw14jTtQgokxz7rcKV1fTrwFUiymds8QngsextUSHMYUl", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "On what date was the image originally posted?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67ccd61e35531374f6d0ce3d#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/SouthlakePublicSafety/posts/pfbid0xHciiaGd8S5kYu1zj7THgw14jTtQgokxz7rcKV1fTrwFUiymds8QngsextUSHMYUl", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Southlake DPS had rescued the dog from a house fire when the owners weren't home."}], "question": "Was Southlake DPS trying to adopt the dog out after finding it homeless?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": " The dog was not picked up as a homeless animal in Charlottesville, Virginia. Instead, Southlake DPS rescued the dog from a house fire while the owners were not home.", "claim_text": "Police in Charlottesville, Virginia picked up a homeless dog called Chloe and offered her for adoption when the owner refused to take her back.", "claim_images": ["67ccd61e35531374f6d0ce3d#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67ccd61e35531374f6d0ce3d#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Kristin A. Zimmerman", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240625175125im_/https://leadstories.com/assets_c/2023/03/Screen%20Shot%202023-03-03%20at%2010.04.16%20AM-thumb-900xauto-3104554.png", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240625175125/https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://www.facebook.com/groups/587544308363571/?multi_permalinks=1771000476684609", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240519180156/https://checkyourfact.com/2022/11/30/fact-check-german-world-cup-plane-qatar/", "date": "2022-11-30", "label": "Refuted", "location": "QA", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67ccd85e35531374f6d0d632#INPUT#0#0.jpg", "67ccd85e35531374f6d0d632#INPUT#0#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "November 14, 2022 by Getty Images", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240407212836/https://www.gettyimages.no/detail/news-photo/germanys-nationalteam-pose-for-a-photo-prior-to-departure-news-photo/1441470478", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the date that the images were first published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67ccd85e35531374f6d0d632#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240407212836/https://www.gettyimages.no/detail/news-photo/germanys-nationalteam-pose-for-a-photo-prior-to-departure-news-photo/1441470478", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "FRANKFURT AM MAIN, GERMANY - NOVEMBER 14: Germany's national team pose for a photo prior to departure for the Pre World Cup Training camp in Oman at Frankfurt International Airport on November 14, 2022 in Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Germany will stay in Muscat, Oman for a training camp before they travel on to Qatar for the FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022. (Photo by Christian Kaspar-Bartke/Getty Images)"}], "question": "Did Getty Images caption the photo?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": " The German team wasn\u2019t banned from landing in Qatar over a pro-diversity logo. They left Frankfurt, trained in Oman, and then traveled to Qatar as planned.", "claim_text": "The German World Cup players were prohibited form landing in Qatar due to a pro-diversity logo. ", "claim_images": ["67ccd85e35531374f6d0d632#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67ccd85e35531374f6d0d632#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Abdulwyclef White Lion Bashir", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://scontent-lga3-3.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/316315779_6324403027586950_2364978302478834677_n.jpg?_nc_cat=110&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=833d8c&_nc_ohc=O3a_piDMeNwQ7kNvgHmnjzb&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-lga3-3.xx&_nc_gid=AcraltCKsMUvbFUF8jQ1Pne&oh=00_AYDtHjtlQaSvAEikV9JxEIcU5WY7PAZ45K4BIA7L-rQT0w&oe=67A1FDA9", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/abdulwaheed.bashiru/posts/pfbid02iVihpSHRiitvFoCMYjmrmMtbrBnqdvThxagzGR6kqfs9SEdepkfBwvZEnXw3ZRvRl", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241223110845/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.32GK6R6", "date": "2022-07-28", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67ccdbf935531374f6d0de2f#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The summer of 1954 will be remembered for the scalding heat reaching an astounding high of 122 degrees on July 14 in Pittsburg, Kansas. The searing heat lasted for 52 days, beginning in mid-June and continuing through Aug. 7. Forty-five days the mercury indicated 100 degrees or better. Over 25 of those days, the mercury broke 105 degrees. Temperature recordings were collected from daily newspaper reports from The Pittsburg Headlight.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220908075501/https://www.joplinglobe.com/opinion/brad-belk-recalling-the-superheated-summer-of-1954/article_5ea17c66-0439-11ed-968a-6b948b9be165.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What event occurred in the summer of 1954 that affected the weather?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The summer of 1954 is considered a weather event.  Weather refers to the short-term conditions of the atmosphere, or the layer of air that surrounds us, at any given moment. Climate refers to the long-term patterns of weather that occur in a specific place over many years, decades, and centuries.", "source_url": "https://www.goes-r.gov/downloads/resources/education/documents/climate_vs_weather.pdf", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Is the scalding heat in the summer of 1954 considered weather or climate?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "All of the ten warmest years on record have occurred in the 21st century.", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/44JT-S6L4", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What proof do we have of climate change?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "A single 1954 heatwave is weather, not climate. Long-term data shows the planet is warming, with the hottest years occurring in the 21st century.", "claim_text": "A 1954 heatwave in the US proves climate change is not happening", "claim_images": ["67ccdbf935531374f6d0de2f#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Restore America", "transcription": "As hot as it is this summer, 1954 was so much worse", "media_source": "https://scontent-lga3-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/296124852_10160003844490505_1092238890247879476_n.jpg?_nc_cat=108&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=833d8c&_nc_ohc=Xc7dmBrynu0Q7kNvgElfh2c&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-lga3-1.xx&_nc_gid=Ae5-xvh9e98YzIUuSZMppl5&oh=00_AYCCOA21I91aT03GheaYmNxyBx9or45Loy7_qXP5i2FAxw&oe=67A1FDF4", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/RestoreAmericaNow/posts/pfbid033NATNKpt6Z6VW7s66NHmv3UYJ96eY2W7dXyo7yUVWGZrk8Ytjsb99v621DVHVDVBl", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Causal Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted", "Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250115090818/https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2022/11/fact-check-dual-use-covid-influenza-a-b-test-does-not-prove-coronavirus-is-flu.html", "date": "2022-11-28", "label": "Refuted", "location": "AU", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67cce07d35531374f6d0e672#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "Although the test kit is in one box, there are two separate tests in the kit. The instructions show how to read results for each different test.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250115090859/https://www.tga.gov.au/sites/default/files/2022-09/covid-19-rapid-antigen-self-tests-are-approved-australia-ifu-395590.PDF", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Does the image show one test kit for both Covid-19 and Influenza A&B testing?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://asm.org/articles/2020/july/covid-19-and-the-flu", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Coronaviruses and influenza viruses are both enveloped, single-stranded RNA viruses, and both are encapsidated by nucleoprotein. However, the genomes of these 2 viruses differ in polarity and segmentation. Influenza virus is comprised of 8 single-stranded, negative-sense, viral RNA segments. SARS-CoV-2 has single-stranded, non-segmented, positive-sense, viral RNA. "}], "question": "Are Covid-19 and Influenza A&B separate viruses?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": " The test kit includes separate tests for COVID-19 and flu, and the two viruses are scientifically distinct.", "claim_text": "A dual-use COVID-19/influenza A&B test proves coronavirus is the flu.", "claim_images": ["67cce07d35531374f6d0e672#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "denisechiemi", "transcription": "COVID-19/Influenza A&B Antigen Test Kit", "media_source": "https://www.instagram.com/p/Clg05npvaUk/", "original_claim_url": "https://www.instagram.com/p/Clg05npvaUk/", "reporting_source": "Instagram", "claim_types": ["Causal Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted", "Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240716063744/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.32L768K", "date": "2022-10-06", "label": "Refuted", "location": "UA", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67cce38a35531374f6d0ee99#INPUT#0#0.jpg", "67cce38a35531374f6d0ee99#INPUT#0#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The journalist is identified as Jeremy Bowen of the BBC reporting from Irpin, Ukraine", "source_url": "https://x.com/BowenBBC?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E1499621073473708032%7Ctwgr%5Ea3498edaf80e483df89f4dade4296c67f3bcf66e%7Ctwcon%5Es1_&ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.walesonline.co.uk%2Flifestyle%2Ftv%2Fjeremy-bowens-brave-report-ukraine-23307930", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is the journalist in the images?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cce38a35531374f6d0ee99#INPUT#1#0.jpg", "67cce38a35531374f6d0ee99#INPUT#1#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dT1_DeXUyU4&t=123s", "source_medium": "Video", "boolean_explanation": "These are still shots of Bowen that are from a video he is narrating."}], "question": "Are these photos of Jeremy Bowen?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cce38a35531374f6d0ee99#INPUT#2#0.jpg", "67cce38a35531374f6d0ee99#INPUT#2#1.jpg", "67cce38a35531374f6d0ee99#INPUT#2#2.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "Prior to the 1:57 mark in the video, she is crouched on the ground behind some metal while shelling can be heard. At 1:57, she stands, begins walking toward Bowen, sees him, and turns away.", "source_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dT1_DeXUyU4&t=123s", "source_medium": "Video"}], "question": "What is the woman doing in the background of the video Bowen is narrating?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "Claim is misleading. Journalist Jeremy Bowen, CLAIM_IMG_2 and IMG_3, is narrating a video from Irpin, Ukraine. In the video  the destruction is apparent and sounds of artillery fire can be heard, and crowds of people walking to escape the town. CLAIM_IMG_0 and IMG_1 shows a woman walking on her journey to escape the fighting.", "claim_text": "Image shows BBC journalist exaggerating the danger of a Russian attack on Irpin, Ukraine. ", "claim_images": ["67cce38a35531374f6d0ee99#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67cce38a35531374f6d0ee99#CLAIM#1.jpg", "67cce38a35531374f6d0ee99#CLAIM#2.jpg", "67cce38a35531374f6d0ee99#CLAIM#3.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Scenic Depiction of Slavic Life", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221013190214im_/https://scontent-sjc3-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/309779960_2894896284138904_25709239312069520_n.jpg?stp=dst-jpg_p480x480&_nc_cat=105&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=8024bb&_nc_ohc=5yUuo1drB38AX8vzHAt&_nc_ht=scontent-sjc3-1.xx&edm=AN6CN6oEAAAA&oh=00_AT9nPR3kEN1mYt_v72eFnMVoh7w06tbS_hTwfERAhnsTvg&oe=634CEC67", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221013190214/https://www.facebook.com/plugins/post.php?href=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2FLivingSlavic%2Fposts%2Fpfbid02Dzucuv75ZTzZSvCvu6UBUWJebVUuK5DaCZDnf8JvGopujUPHNCsY5BWn1FoVm2n3l&show_text=true&width=500", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Reverse Image Search", "Keyword Search", "Image Analysis", "Video Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted", "Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20231001152923/https://fullfact.org/online/chemtrails-instagram-cloudy/", "date": "2022-12-17", "label": "Refuted", "location": "GB", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67cce6e735531374f6d0f6c6#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/what-are-chemtrails-made-of/", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "A group of 77 scientists published a report in the journal of Environmental Research Letters after digging through the supposed evidence of the intent to poison us through chemtrails. These scientists are experts in atmospheric science, including the contributions of aircraft to the atmosphere as well as atmospheric processes like how quickly or uniformly chemicals fall through the air to the ground. Of those 77 scientists, 76 said they found no evidence of a \"secret large-scale atmospheric program\"\u2014that\u2019s 98.7%. Instead, they found that \"the data cited as evidence [for such a program] could be explained through other factors, including well-understood physics and chemistry associated with aircraft.\" In other words, the evidence pointed to the trails being simply the normally expected result of planes flying through the air."}], "question": "Are chemtrails a real phenomenon?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Supercooling is a normal occurrence in the atmosphere. Clouds composed of water droplets can persist at temperatures well below 0\u00b0C, even at temperatures below -30\u00b0C. At temperatures below about -40\u00b0C, however, all cloud droplets freeze very quickly. On long-haul routes, commercial aircraft usually reach altitudes of 10 to 12 km, where temperatures are typically below -40\u00b0C. Planes on these routes therefore tend to leave contrails behind them. Over the British Isles, trails rarely form below about 8 km in summer, 6 km in winter. When the weather is as cold as it often is in mid-winter in Alaska, Siberia and central Canada, contrails can even form at ground level. Indeed, airfields in these regions have sometimes had to be closed when low-level clouds (ice fogs) composed of aircraft-generated ice crystals have proved persistent.", "source_url": "https://www.metlink.org/fieldwork-resource/contrails/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Do contrails from planes flying through the air occur at all times of the year?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "A group of scientists, experts in atmospheric science, published a report in the journal of Environmental Research Letters after examining supposed evidence of chemtrails. They concluded there is no evidence of a \"secret large-scale atmospheric program. Instead, they found that \"the data cited as evidence [for such a program] could be explained through other factors, including well-understood physics and chemistry associated with aircraft.\" The evidence pointed to the trails being simply the normally expected result of planes flying through the air which are actually called contrails. Commercial aircraft usually reach altitudes of 10 to 12 km, where temperatures are typically below -40\u00b0C. These planes tend to leave contrails behind them. The contrails are produced when the atmosphere is conducive no matter the season.", "claim_text": "There are more chemtrails in the spring and summer than in winter.", "claim_images": ["67cce6e735531374f6d0f6c6#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "chemtrailsworldwide", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://www.instagram.com/p/CmRkBatIp1H/?utm_source=ig_embed&ig_rid=2b8babf0-3499-49b7-8648-37b385e67d79", "reporting_source": "Instagram", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": [], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230528002730/https://www.vishvasnews.com/english/viral/fact-check-photo-of-cricketer-david-millers-fan-who-lost-her-life-to-cancer-viral-with-fake-claim/", "date": "2022-10-08", "label": "Supported", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67cce91a35531374f6d100a7#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The girl was a young fan of Miller's", "source_url": "https://www.jagran.com/cricket/headlines-ind-vs-sa-south-african-star-batsman-david-millers-daughter-passes-away-23127329.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is the young girl in the image with David Miller, the cricketer?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cce91a35531374f6d100a7#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "\"It is being told that this fan of his had cancer, although Miller has not shared any other information apart from this.\"", "source_url": "https://www.jagran.com/cricket/headlines-ind-vs-sa-south-african-star-batsman-david-millers-daughter-passes-away-23127329.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What happened to the young fan in the image with Miller?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cce91a35531374f6d100a7#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://www.instagram.com/reel/CjdQ_cugnGS/?utm_source=ig_embed&utm_campaign=loading", "source_medium": "Video", "boolean_explanation": "David Miller posted a tribute video on his official Instagram site of pictures of himself together with his young fan and individual pictures of the little fan. He states, RIP you little rockstar Love you always!"}], "question": "Did David Miller pay tribute to his young fan?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Cricket Country news article  states that \"David Miller's friend's daughter passes away due to cancer.\"", "source_url": "https://www.cricketcountry.com/news/david-millers-daughter-passes-after-due-to-cancer-1046322/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What was the cause of death of the young fan?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "Evidence confirms that the girl in the image is David Miller's friend's daughter who passed away from cancer. ", "claim_text": "A girl seen with South African batsman David Miller died of cancer.", "claim_images": ["67cce91a35531374f6d100a7#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Voice of Narvaw", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=558540046071309&set=a.288658769726106", "reporting_source": "", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Keyword Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": [], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240310014434/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.32JR6NT-1", "date": "2022-09-14", "label": "Refuted", "location": "GB", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67cceae535531374f6d108b8#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "It is part of a march into Cardiff Castle ahead of the proclamation of King Charles III on September 11.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240621115839/https://uk.news.yahoo.com/web/20240621115839/https://uk.news.yahoo.com/band-led-goat-marches-cardiff-120212251.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where is the activity in the image taking place?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cceae535531374f6d108b8#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The march shows men from the 3rd Battalion the Royal Welsh, supported by the Band of the Royal Welsh, marching to the city\u2019s castle accompanied by the regimental mascot, a Welsh billy goat called Lance Corporal Shenkin IV, and Goat Major Sergeant Mark Jackson, according to the Press Association.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240621115839/https://uk.news.yahoo.com/web/20240621115839/https://uk.news.yahoo.com/band-led-goat-marches-cardiff-120212251.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the animal accompanying the persons in the march?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is wrong. There\u2019s no ram in the image. The animal marching with the soldiers is actually a Welsh billy goat named Lance Corporal Shenkin IV, the official mascot of the 3rd Battalion the Royal Welsh.", "claim_text": "A ram is pictured marching with men in regimental regalia.", "claim_images": ["67cceae535531374f6d108b8#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Oba Alamo Obatala Ife", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/oludayo.olufemi/posts/pfbid02uDrEkvt1itFg2rAskeh9ib1NJnqPM7gFi8zZwfxu7axQBccSwXaKbUPNpYCqCRQfl", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted"], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240310014434/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.32JR6NT-1", "date": "2022-09-14", "label": "Refuted", "location": "GB", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67cceda035531374f6d110cd#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "A band led by a goat marched into Cardiff Castle ahead of the proclamation of King Charles III on September 11.\n\nThe march shows men from the 3rd Battalion the Royal Welsh, supported by the Band of the Royal Welsh, marching to the city\u2019s castle accompanied by the regimental mascot, a Welsh billy goat called Lance Corporal Shenkin IV, and Goat Major Sergeant Mark Jackson, according to the Press Association.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240621115839/https://uk.news.yahoo.com/web/20240621115839/https://uk.news.yahoo.com/band-led-goat-marches-cardiff-120212251.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the image show?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cceda035531374f6d110cd#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240416105122/https://royalwelshmuseum.wales/a-brief-history-of-the-regimental-mascot/", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Shenkin IV is a salary-earning lance corporal of The Royal Welsh and follows in the footsteps of other four-legged mascots before him. "}], "question": "Was the billy goat Shenkin later sacrificed?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The image shows a military parade, not a sacrificial ritual. The goat, Lance Corporal Shenkin IV, is a regimental mascot, not sacrificed.", "claim_text": "A ram was sacrificed in a ritual to mark the crowning of King Charles III.", "claim_images": ["67cceda035531374f6d110cd#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Oba Alamo Obatala Ife", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/oludayo.olufemi/posts/pfbid02uDrEkvt1itFg2rAskeh9ib1NJnqPM7gFi8zZwfxu7axQBccSwXaKbUPNpYCqCRQfl", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted"], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240808145541/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.32HR3PQ", "date": "2022-08-24", "label": "Refuted", "location": "CM", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67ccef5f35531374f6d118e6#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://archive.ph/IHqfL", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "They are Cameroon troops in Lebialem."}], "question": "Are the troops seen in the image Nigerian soldiers in Abia?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67ccef5f35531374f6d118e6#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://archive.ph/IHqfL", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "A group of eleven people, including a Catholic priest, have been rescued by them after being held in a terrorist camp."}], "question": "Are the Cameroon troops shown harrassing farmers in the image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The soldiers in the image are from Cameroon, not Nigeria, and they were rescuing hostages, not harassing farmers.", "claim_text": "Nigerian soldiers were pictured harassing a group of elderly farmers in a jungle in southeastern Abia state.", "claim_images": ["67ccef5f35531374f6d118e6#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Biafra in touch", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.ph/DRgLr", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240422003601/https://checkyourfact.com/2022/10/27/fact-check-image-members-october/", "date": "2022-10-19", "label": "Refuted", "location": "GB", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67ccf0b335531374f6d12103#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "February 3, 2018", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250116191129/https://news.sky.com/story/jacob-rees-mogg-caught-up-in-fracas-as-masked-protesters-disrupt-university-event-11234071", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67ccf0b335531374f6d12103#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "MP Jacob Rees-Mogg was at the centre of a highly physical fracas in Bristol as masked protesters tried to disrupt an event he was speaking at.\n\nVideo shows the prominent Conservative Leave campaigner trying to defuse a fight at the event at the University of West England on Friday night.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250116191129/https://news.sky.com/story/jacob-rees-mogg-caught-up-in-fracas-as-masked-protesters-disrupt-university-event-11234071", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is shown happening in the image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The image does not show U.K. Parliament members fighting. 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This contradicts the claim.", "claim_text": "Recent image shows Imran Khan with his two sons, Qasim and Suleman Khan.", "claim_images": ["67d0bc3d35531374f6dbd266#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@AajKamranKhan", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FhL8UQ4X0AMXDya?format=jpg&name=small", "original_claim_url": "https://x.com/aajkamrankhan/status/1590611049858093056?s=46&t=ssT7s7-tIkyMMHYZqPyHuA", "reporting_source": "X", "claim_types": ["Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Reverse Image Search", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250115090516/https://factly.in/photo-of-jayshah-with-urvashi-rautelas-brother-is-shared-as-that-with-the-son-of-pakistani-general/", "date": "2022-09-01", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67dca83335531374f610ac12#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Jay Shah and Yashraj Rautela.", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=pfbid02dojiAWnvh2u3EMwo8bpcRwDvAaNLjzhcJGxkvxDUfUyVTCc7j7iHfSenUiuXRXbtl&id=105810198684975", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who are the two men in the photo?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "He is the younger brother of the actress, Urvashi Rautela.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220810140935/https://twitter.com/UrvashiRautela/status/1188113171568939013", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is Yashraj Rautela?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Image", "source_url": "https://www.linkedin.com/in/saadsbajwa/", "source_medium": "Web text", "image_answers": ["67dca83335531374f610ac12#ANSWER#2#0#0.jpg"]}], "question": "What does Saad Bajwa look like?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The two men in the image are identified as Jay Shah and Yashraj Rautela, not Saad Bajwa. Additionally, Yashraj Rautela is the younger brother of actress Urvashi Rautela, further disproving the claim.", "claim_text": "Photo of secretary of the Board of Control for Cricket in India, Jay Shah, with Pakistan General\u2019s Son Saad Bajwa.", "claim_images": ["67dca83335531374f610ac12#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Manoj Singh", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://scontent-lga3-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/302235802_614094676758362_1636255126208948748_n.jpg?_nc_cat=103&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=833d8c&_nc_ohc=IOvEQ46atjkQ7kNvgF339Mb&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-lga3-1.xx&_nc_gid=AW2zOmH7Jr9yyfwPB9vh0tD&oh=00_AYCQf4NON23WlrJXNI9BJ1J1DL_cCHLT1gBY9zawr5Updw&oe=67A0BB9F", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=614094690091694&set=a.315463273288172", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim", "Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search", "Keyword Search", "Image Analysis", "Video Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240527012051/https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/balenciaga-satanic-stylist-lotta-volkova/", "date": "2022-11-28", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://www.gq.com/story/lotta-volkova-adidas", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "She is a longtime stylist for Balenciaga."}], "question": "Is Lotta Volkova a stylist for Balenciaga?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67dcc22f35531374f610b0fe#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "A runway model showcasing designs during the Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week in  Beijing, China.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221206093534/https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/model-showcases-designs-on-the-runway-at-sheguang-hu-news-photo/518451034", "source_medium": "Image/graphic"}], "question": "Who is the individual in the photo?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The image in question does not show Lotta Volkova but rather a runway model at a fashion event in Beijing. This contradicts the claim that the photo features Volkova holding blood-painted baby dolls.", "claim_text": "A photograph shows Balenciaga stylist Lotta Volkova holding two baby dolls drenched in blood-colored red paint.", "claim_images": ["67dcc22f35531374f610b0fe#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@atensnut", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FiqnCXxWIAA16KC?format=jpg&name=large", "original_claim_url": "https://x.com/atensnut/status/1597272681337917440", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240301205726/https://checkyourfact.com/2022/12/16/fact-check-image-israeli-newspapers-obama/", "date": "2022-12-07", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67dcfeae35531374f610bb72#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "De Morgen. ", "source_url": "https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/belgian-newspaper-de-morgen-accused-of-racism-over-picture-showing-obama-as-an-ape-9211916.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the name of the newspaper that published the image of Barack Obama as an ape?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "It originates from Belgium. ", "source_url": "https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/belgian-newspaper-de-morgen-accused-of-racism-over-picture-showing-obama-as-an-ape-9211916.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Does De Morgen newspaper originate from Israel?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The newspaper that published the image, De Morgen, is from Belgium, not Israel. This contradicts the claim that an Israeli newspaper depicted Barack Obama as an ape.", "claim_text": "Image shows an Israeli newspaper's depiction of Barack Obama as an ape. ", "claim_images": ["67dcfeae35531374f610bb72#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@dijoni", "transcription": "FIRST BLACK PRESIDENT OF THE USA STARTS SELLING WEED OBAMA NIET NAAR PANDA'S", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230603171511im_/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FjXNHQzUYAAqXMO?format=jpg&name=240x240", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230603171511/https://twitter.com/dijoni/status/1600410769710981120", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Media Publishing Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230202082236/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.32DL2LH", "date": "2022-06-30", "label": "Refuted", "location": "GB", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67dd25e635531374f6111216#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "It was published on June 29, 2015 in regards to the 2015 Glastonbury Festival.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220711112133/https://www.facebook.com/swnsnews/photos/729109130549542", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "She gave her speech in the 2022 Glastonbury Festival on June 25, 2022.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230123202231/https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-61938933", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When did Greta Thunberg give her speech at the Glastonbury Festival?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The image is from the 2015 Glastonbury Festival, not the 2022 event where Greta Thunberg spoke. This directly contradicts the claim.", "claim_text": "Photo of rubbish filled ground at 2022 Glastonbury Festival following Greta Thunberg speech.", "claim_images": ["67dd25e635531374f6111216#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Sonia Moore", "transcription": "", "media_source": "blob:https://lite.evernote.com/76db3324-1c9d-4842-8338-b710db8d7fc6", "original_claim_url": "https://www.evernote.com/shard/s649/client/snv?noteGuid=9207aa7a-b467-40e8-be6a-923dccdca5ed&noteKey=e54dd645a6ce3b9a5b3d0c32d62153da&sn=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.evernote.com%2Fshard%2Fs649%2Fsh%2F9207aa7a-b467-40e8-be6a-923dccdca5ed%2Fe54dd645a6ce3b9a5b3d0c32d62153da&title=Facebook", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim", "Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Reverse Image Search", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250115101427/https://www.vishvasnews.com/english/viral/fact-check-old-picture-of-the-fire-at-rohingya-refugee-camp-being-shared-with-the-false-claim/", "date": "2022-04-15", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67ddc0d135531374f6140253#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The image is in relation to a fire that engulfed the Rohingya refugee camp in Delhi.", "source_url": "https://www.news18.com/news/india/rohingya-lose-their-sanctuary-in-delhi-to-fire-new-life-of-six-years-turns-to-ashes-1718991.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the image about?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67ddc0d135531374f6140253#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The people are part of the Rohingya families that had fled Myanmar and they reside in Darul Hijrat in Delhi. ", "source_url": "https://www.news18.com/news/india/rohingya-lose-their-sanctuary-in-delhi-to-fire-new-life-of-six-years-turns-to-ashes-1718991.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Is the photo of a Rohingya family who are destitute on a road in Delhi?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "A refugee home for Rohingya Refugees of Myanmar.", "source_url": "https://medium.com/worldmuslimpedia/dr-syed-zafar-mahmood-thinker-planner-and-builder-of-institutions-82001cf8f9e2", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is Darul Hijrat?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67ddc0d135531374f6140253#INPUT#3#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.news18.com/news/india/rohingya-lose-their-sanctuary-in-delhi-to-fire-new-life-of-six-years-turns-to-ashes-1718991.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "There is no report about it."}], "question": "Does the man in the image have 8 children, 3 wives, out of which 2 are pregnant?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67ddc0d135531374f6140253#INPUT#4#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.news18.com/news/india/rohingya-lose-their-sanctuary-in-delhi-to-fire-new-life-of-six-years-turns-to-ashes-1718991.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "There is no report about it."}], "question": "Does the Samsung C7 pro mobile in hand which costs Rs 29,000 belong to the man?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The image is from the 2015 Glastonbury Festival, not the 2022 event where Greta Thunberg spoke. This directly contradicts the claim.", "claim_text": "An image of a Rohingya family. Destitute on a road in Delhi. Together with 8 children, 3 wives, out of which 2 are pregnant. In hand is Samsung C7 pro mobile which costs Rs 29,000.", "claim_images": ["67ddc0d135531374f6140253#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Apna Tarun Chugh", "transcription": "\u092f\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0930\u094b\u0939\u093f\u0902\u0917\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0948 \u0926\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0921\u093c\u0915 \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u0947\u0938\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092e\u0947\u0902 8 \u092c\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0947, 3 \u092c\u0940\u0935\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947 \u0938\u0947 2 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0935\u0924\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0939\u093e\u0925 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0948\u092e\u0938\u0902\u0917 C7 pro \u092e\u094b\u092c\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930 29,000 \u20b9 \u0939\u0948 \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0907\u0928\u0915\u0947 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["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250115101552/https://www.boomlive.in/fact-check/nitish-sabke-hai-posters-ani-tweet-old-photo-nitish-kumar-jdu-mahagathbandhan-18794", "date": "2022-08-09", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67de6d7935531374f614f27b#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Nitish Kumar.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250116091622/https://www.tv9hindi.com/state/bihar/bihar-assembly-election-jdu-poster-of-nitish-kumar-and-his-works-and-commitmets-311230.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is the person in the poster?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67de6d7935531374f614f27b#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Nitish Sabke Hai.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230226141644/https://www.etvbharat.com/hindi/bihar/state/patna/nitish-sabke-hai-poster-at-jdu-office-patna/bh20220809180551035035784", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the text on the poster say?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67de6d7935531374f614f27b#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250116091622/https://www.tv9hindi.com/state/bihar/bihar-assembly-election-jdu-poster-of-nitish-kumar-and-his-works-and-commitmets-311230.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The poster is from the 2020 Bihar assembly election."}], "question": "Is the poster recent after Nitish Kumar resigned from BJP?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "He resigned in August 2022.", "source_url": "https://theprint.in/politics/nitish-kumar-resigns-as-bihar-chief-minister-ends-ties-with-bjp-again/1075681/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When did Nitish Kumar resign from BJP in Bihar?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The poster is from the 2020 Bihar assembly election, not a recent one after Nitish Kumar's resignation from BJP in August 2022.", "claim_text": "Poster of 'Nitish Sabke Hai' put up as recent in Bihar after Nitish Kumar resigned from Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).", "claim_images": ["67de6d7935531374f614f27b#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@ANI", "transcription": "\u0928\u0940\u0924\u0940\u0936 \u0938\u092c\u0915\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220809113549im_/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FZtyFnsUUAIeaZo?format=jpg&name=medium", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220809113549/https://twitter.com/ANI/status/1556964084855103488", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim", "Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search", "Keyword Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240910101513/https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2022/11/fact-check-sen-warnock-is-not-in-photo-of-man-with-women-wearing-penis-pants-in-church.html", "date": "2022-11-25", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67de718235531374f614f351#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The man is Pretty Mike, a controversial Nigerian socialite. ", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250116231557/https://www.ripplesnigeria.com/pretty-mike-stuns-guests-at-don-jazzys-mothers-funeral-with-women-wearing-pens-pants/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is the man in the image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67de718235531374f614f351#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The image depicts a controversial Nigerian socialite, Pretty Mike, attending the funeral ceremony of the mother of a music executive, with women wearing penis pants.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250116231557/https://www.ripplesnigeria.com/pretty-mike-stuns-guests-at-don-jazzys-mothers-funeral-with-women-wearing-pens-pants/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the image depict? ", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The image does not show U.S. Sen. Raphael Warnock; it actually depicts Nigerian socialite Pretty Mike at a funeral event.", "claim_text": "Photo on social media shows Georgia's U.S. Sen. Raphael Warnock walking in front of a line of women wearing penis pants in Ebenezer Baptist Church. ", "claim_images": ["67de718235531374f614f351#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@robertbaudot", "transcription": "\"Reverend\" Warnock (a down-low faggot) having a \"church service\" in Georgia!", "media_source": "https://pbs.twimg.com/media/Fibh_AUVIAA7gWb?format=jpg&name=large", "original_claim_url": "https://x.com/robertbaudot/status/1596211595151032320", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim", "Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241127014345/https://newschecker.in/fact-check/kedarnath-helicopter-crash-image/", "date": "2022-10-18", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67e07e87926fece628d1115e#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "A stock image of a helicopter exploding in flight.", "source_url": "https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/ground-view-looking-up-at-a-helicopter-exploding-mid-air-gm467622102-60454576", "source_medium": "Image/graphic"}], "question": "What is the image about?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67e07e87926fece628d1115e#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The image can be seen online as far back as March 2015.", "source_url": "https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/ground-view-looking-up-at-a-helicopter-exploding-mid-air-gm467622102-60454576", "source_medium": "Image/graphic"}], "question": "How recent is the photo?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "In October 2022.", "source_url": "https://hwnews.in/news/national/kedarnath-helicopter-crash-death-toll-rises-to-7/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the chopper crash in Kedarnath?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": " The image is a stock photo of a helicopter explosion and has been online since at least March 2015. It is not related to the 2022 Kedarnath chopper crash.", "claim_text": "Image of airborne helicopter up in flames linked to 2022 chopper crash in Kedarnath.", "claim_images": ["67e07e87926fece628d1115e#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@vineeta_rai_", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim", "Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery", "Reverse Image Search", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220816183129/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.32FH8XG", "date": "2022-07-19", "label": "Refuted", "location": "LK", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67e0acdb926fece628d11a18#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The image is of a meeting between Abeywardana and a monk after Muslims were attacked in a Sri Lankan village.", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=pfbid02WZoTDU5PQeDSdvyiwEMh2xf2Fznv55wWqoJoao4UUbpvMQRwBss9qVKK1ayb5VzRl&id=1153824361", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the photo about?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "In July 2022.", "source_url": "https://www.onmanorama.com/news/world/2022/07/16/sri-lanka-parliament-president-election-july-20.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the Sri Lankan presidential election with Wickremesinghe as a candidate?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67e0acdb926fece628d11a18#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The image can be found as far back as November 2017.", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=pfbid02WZoTDU5PQeDSdvyiwEMh2xf2Fznv55wWqoJoao4UUbpvMQRwBss9qVKK1ayb5VzRl&id=1153824361", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Does the photo exist on a date earlier than Wickremesinghe's presidential election?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The image predates Wickremesinghe\u2019s 2022 presidential election and is actually from a 2017 meeting between Abeywardana and a monk after attacks on Muslims in Sri Lanka.", "claim_text": "Photo of an associate of Sri Lankan's President, Wickremesinghe, meeting with a monk to rally support for Wickremesinghe's presidential election.", "claim_images": ["67e0acdb926fece628d11a18#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Kavindra Gayashan", "transcription": "Unp \u0dc3\u0db7\u0dcf\u0db4\u0dad\u0dd2 \u0dc0\u0da2\u0dd2\u0dbb, \u0db8\u0db0\u0dd4\u0db8\u0dcf\u0daf\u0dc0 \u0dc3\u0dc4 \u0dc4\u0dd2\u0da7\u0db4\u0dd4 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"reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim", "Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Media Source Discovery", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230402214407/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.32J968B", "date": "2022-09-10", "label": "Refuted", "location": "GB", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "September 2022.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221004115259/https://www.msn.com/en-my/news/national/queen-elizabeth-ii-dies-charles-iii-succeeds/ar-AA11EoCh", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When did Queen Elizabeth II die?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67e0c000926fece628d11b1a#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/QDU5-EQU8?view-mode=client-side&type=image", "source_medium": "Image/graphic", "boolean_explanation": "The photo has been in existence since 1993."}], "question": "Was the photo taken after Queen Elizabeth II's death?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67e0c000926fece628d11b1a#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "They are the Queen Mother's Corgis arriving at Heathrow airport after a summer visit to Balmoral, not Queen Elizabeth II's.", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/QDU5-EQU8?view-mode=client-side&type=image", "source_medium": "Image/graphic"}], "question": "Who owns the corgis in the image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The photo is from 1993 and shows the Queen Mother\u2019s corgis arriving at Heathrow, not Queen Elizabeth II\u2019s corgis after her death.", "claim_text": "Photo shows Queen Elizabeth II's corgis being brought back from Balmoral after her death.", "claim_images": ["67e0c000926fece628d11b1a#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Jim Schnobrich", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://archive.ph/XYCCl/ee3583971292cd4a46018699c72bfda06ab7c63b.jpg", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.ph/XYCCl", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim", "Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20231210223930/https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/swastika-logo-apec-ceo-summit/", "date": "2022-12-02", "label": "Not Enough Evidence", "location": "TH", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67e0e5e5926fece628d11e28#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Image", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230103174832/https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/frances-president-emmanuel-macron-addresses-the-apec-ceo-news-photo/1244864348?phrase=APEC%20CEO%20summit%202022&adppopup=true", "source_medium": "Image/graphic", "image_answers": ["67e0e5e5926fece628d11e28#ANSWER#0#0#0.jpg"]}], "question": "What is the logo used in the 2022 APEC CEO Summit?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67e0e5e5926fece628d11e28#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Unanswerable", "answer_text": "No answer could be found."}], "question": "Is the logo an inverted swastika?", "answer_method": "Image Analysis", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67e0e5e5926fece628d11e28#INPUT#2#0.jpg", "67e0e5e5926fece628d11e28#INPUT#2#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Unanswerable", "answer_text": "No answer could be found."}], "question": "Has the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) commented on their logo design since the claim was made?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Unanswerable", "answer_text": "No answer could be found."}], "question": "What does the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) logo represent?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "CLAIM_IMG_0 is the logo displayed at the 2022 APEC CEO Summit. There is no evidence sited explaining the origin or meaning of the logo.", "claim_text": "In 2022, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) CEO Summit displayed a logo that appears to be an inverted swastika.", "claim_images": ["67e0e5e5926fece628d11e28#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@ElijahSchaffer", "transcription": "APEC CEO SUMMIT THAILAND 2022", "media_source": "https://pbs.twimg.com/media/Fi9iKobWAAAqLr1?format=jpg&name=medium", "original_claim_url": "https://x.com/ElijahSchaffer/status/1598604332852731904", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim", "Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": [], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240827202625/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.32PQ9TD", "date": "2022-11-20", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Anderson Lee Aldrich, 22, was arrested following the Saturday night shooting at Club Q in Colorado Springs.", "source_url": "https://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/latest-news/colorado-mass-shooter-stopped-by-heroic-people-inside-club-police/news-story/a77288a7a0ba653dbc7cc3bb2c9b2536", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Was Anderson Lee Aldrich accused of opening fire inside an LGBTQ nightclub in Colorado Springs?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67e0eba7926fece628d11f96#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Landen Christopher Glass, a 20-year-old driver who lost control of a truck that hit and killed a girl participating in a Christmas parade in Raleigh, North Carolina.", "source_url": "https://www.foxnews.com/us/north-carolina-police-identify-20-year-old-driver-truck-struck-killed-girl-during-christmas-parade", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is the person in the photo?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is incorrect because the image does not show Anderson Lee Aldrich but instead depicts Landen Christopher Glass, who was involved in an unrelated incident.", "claim_text": "Image of Anderson Lee Aldrich accused of opening fire inside an LGBTQ nightclub in Colorado Springs, Colorado in 2022. ", "claim_images": ["67e0eba7926fece628d11f96#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@Global_Watchers", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://rejouer.perma.cc/replay-web-page/w/id-162b41f146da/im_/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FiBZeE5XwAA_O6K?format=jpg&name=small", "original_claim_url": "https://perma.cc/6866-5EXD", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim", "Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250115072607/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2022/10/19/fact-check-articles-focus-deaths-three-children-covid-19/10526966002/", "date": "2022-10-17", "label": "Refuted", "location": "PT", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67e1291d212fc11e7466d3eb#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The reports covered separate cases. The confusion arose from the reuse of one child\u2019s photo, not from any deliberate deception.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250115072607/https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2020/may/07/facebook-posts/news-outlets-did-not-use-photo-same-boy-report-3-c/?fbclid=IwAR1UN2WX-6De53FsKN8rvBpE-guPzqUnac6CMLnAEfeWNiYHfhm5KzT0uJg", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Did news outlets falsely report the same child\u2019s death multiple times?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67e1291d212fc11e7466d3eb#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The reports were about different children, but the same image was mistakenly or misleadingly used in multiple articles.  ", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250115072607/https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/1262741/Belgium-coronavirus-12-year-old-girl-death-youngest-victim-europe", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "How did the same child\u2019s image appear in reports of COVID-19 deaths in three different countries?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": " The claim is incorrect because the reports covered different cases, but the same child's photo was mistakenly or misleadingly reused, causing confusion.", "claim_text": "Articles reported that the same child dies in 3 different countries from COVID \u2013 U.K., Portugal and Belgium.", "claim_images": ["67e1291d212fc11e7466d3eb#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "", "transcription": "CHILD DIES IN 3 COUNTRIES OF CORONA VIRUS Schoolboy 13 with no health conditions becomes UK's youngest coronavirus victim Ismail Mohamed Abdulwahab, from Brixton, sadly died without any family members close by due to the highly infectious nature of Covid-19. PLEASE share this and start a prayer chain for Ismail. May GOD rest his soul in PEACE AMEEN Dallymail.com Portuguese boy, 14, is Europe's youngest patient to die from coronavirus A 14-year-old boy from near Porto, Portugal believed to be the", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "", "reporting_source": "Instagram", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim", "Media Publishing Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery", "Image Analysis", "Fact-checker Reference"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240612235948/https://factly.in/the-injured-person-in-this-photo-is-not-the-kerala-youth-who-teared-portugal-flag-mistaking-it-for-sdpi-flag/", "date": "2021-11-20", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67e13277212fc11e7466d8bf#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "No, The police made it clear that the man in the image had nothing to do with the incident.  ", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240612235948/https://www.madhyamam.com/kerala/fact-check-panur-bjp-man-beaten-by-portugal-fans-1097133", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Is the man in the viral photo really the one who tore the Portugal flag?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67e13277212fc11e7466d8bf#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The police confirmed that the viral image showing an injured man has nothing to do with what actually happened. A   man did tear a Portugal flag, thinking it was something else, but there was no mob attack or violent revenge by Cristiano Ronaldo fans", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240612235948/https://www.ndtv.com/south/man-destroys-portugals-flag-raised-by-ronaldo-fans-in-kerala-arrested-3526903", "source_medium": "Web table"}], "question": "Did a football rivalry really turn into a violent attack in Kerala?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is false because the police confirmed that the man in the image was not involved in the incident, and no mob attack or violent retaliation by Cristiano Ronaldo fans took place.", "claim_text": " An image shows a \n a Hindu supremacist who was beaten by Christiano Ronaldo fans in Kerala after he tore up the national flag of Portugal amid the FIFA World Cup, confusing it as the flag of the Social Democratic Party of India", "claim_images": ["67e13277212fc11e7466d8bf#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@ashoswai", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://twitter.com/ashoswai/status/1594355593044791297", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim", "Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250116012233/https://www.boomlive.in/fact-check/viral-photo-japan-bullet-train-damage-collision-incident-social-media-19607", "date": "2022-10-19", "label": "Refuted", "location": "JP", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67e139a900d1951bc0df4364#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The train hit a man inside a tunnel in 2018, not an animal. ", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250116012233/https://english.kyodonews.net/news/2018/06/e69218fd9797-govt-orders-jr-west-to-probe-fatal-incident-involving-bullet-train.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Did a Japanese bullet train really hit an animal?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67e139a900d1951bc0df4364#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": " The photo is from 2018. It has nothing to do with any recent incidents.  ", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250116012233/https://mainichi.jp/english/articles/20180615/p2a/00m/0na/005000c", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Is the viral image from a recent train accident?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is false because the image actually shows damage from a 2018 incident where the train hit a man inside a tunnel, not an animal.", "claim_text": "A picture of a bullet train that got damaged after colliding with an animal in Japan.\n", "claim_images": ["67e139a900d1951bc0df4364#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Amit Sharma", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221027214431/https://www.thequint.com/news/webqoof/scooty-inside-pothole-photo-shared-as-purvanchal-expressway-uttar-pradesh-fact-check", "date": "2022-10-07", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67e13e8000d1951bc0dff3fe#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The incident actually took place on Pali Road in Jodhpur, Rajasthan.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221027214431/https://www.thequint.com/news/politics/rajasthan-crisis-wont-contest-for-congress-prez-apologised-to-sonia-says-gehlot", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Did this pothole accident happen on Uttar Pradesh\u2019s Purvanchal Expressway?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The local police confirmed that the rider only suffered minor injuries.  \n", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221027214431/https://www.thequint.com/news/politics/rajasthan-crisis-wont-contest-for-congress-prez-apologised-to-sonia-says-gehlot", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Was the rider seriously injured in the accident?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The image is unrelated to the expressway", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221027214431/https://www.thequint.com/news/politics/rajasthan-crisis-wont-contest-for-congress-prez-apologised-to-sonia-says-gehlot", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Is this image proof of poor road conditions on the Purvanchal Expressway?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": " The claim is false because the incident actually took place on Pali Road in Jodhpur, Rajasthan, not on the Purvanchal Expressway in Uttar Pradesh. The image is unrelated to the expressway.", "claim_text": "A picture of a two-wheeler lodged inside a large hole in the road, showing the condition of the Purvanchal Expressway in Uttar Pradesh.", "claim_images": ["67e13e8000d1951bc0dff3fe#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Kamlesh Yadav", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Reverse Image Search", "Image Analysis", "Video Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240624032741/https://en.youturn.in/factcheck/shah-rukh-khan-security-check-image.html", "date": "2022-11-15", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67e140be00d1951bc0dff476#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Shah Rukh Khan bodyguard was stopped by customs at Mumbai airport.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240624032741/https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/not-shah-rukh-khan-his-bodyguard-was-stopped-by-customs-at-mumbai-airport20221113101105/?amp=1", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who was held by customs at the Mumbai Airport ?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67e140be00d1951bc0dff476#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The image is from March 2019 and has nothing to do with the recent reports. ", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240624032741/https://youtube.com/shorts/3MxWVqYbb6w?feature=share", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Is the viral image proof of the recent airport incident?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "No, there were no reports of him being detained.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240624032741/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/shah-rukh-khan-ipl-2019-kolkata-knight-riders-kings-xi-punjab-5646752/lite/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Did Shah Rukh Khan face any legal trouble at the airport?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": " The claim is false because Shah Rukh Khan was not stopped by customs at Mumbai Airport. Instead, his bodyguard was the one held. Additionally, the viral image used to support the claim is from March 2019 and is unrelated to the incident.", "claim_text": "A picture of the Badshah of Bollywood (Pathan) Shah Rukh Khan and his team been stopped at the Mumbai airport by the customs department.", "claim_images": ["67e140be00d1951bc0dff476#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@spavitra277", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Keyword Search", "Video Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250116013202/https://newschecker.in/fact-check/nitish-sabke-hai-poster-false/", "date": "2020-10-07", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67e144ce00d1951bc0dff716#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": " The JDU had put up this poster in 2020 to highlight that Nitish Kumar is a leader for all, beyond caste or religious divisions. It was not related to his recent political moves.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250116013202/https://web.archive.org/web/20220809114513/https://twitter.com/ANI/status/1556969761128345602", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What was the real purpose of the poster?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67e144ce00d1951bc0dff716#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "everal media organizations, including ANI and NDTV, mistakenly reported it as new but later deleted their posts after realizing it was an old image.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250116013202/https://www.livehindustan.com/assembly-elections/bihar-election-2020/story-bihar-election-2020-hoardings-outside-jdu-headquarters-in-patna-nitish-sabke-hai-tarakki-dikhti-hai-3532184.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Why did some news outlets share this as a recent development?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is false because the \"Nitish Sabke Hai\" poster was originally put up by JDU in 2020, not amid recent political turmoil in Bihar. Some media outlets mistakenly reported it as new but later deleted their posts upon realizing the error.", "claim_text": "A \"Nitish Sabke Hai\" poster was put up at JDU HQs in Patna amid recent political turmoil in Bihar.", "claim_images": ["67e144ce00d1951bc0dff716#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Amit Kumar Tiwari", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search", "Keyword Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240803202827/https://www.boomlive.in/fact-check/politics/bal-thackeray-eknath-shinde-blessings-tilak-anand-dighe-thane-shiv-sena-viral-photo-18395", "date": "2022-06-22", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67e1459300d1951bc0dff78a#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The person in the image is actually Anand Dighe, a senior Shiv Sena leader.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240803202827/https://www.bbc.com/marathi/india-61106827", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is actually in the viral photo with Bal Thackeray?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Shinde was mentored by Dighe and became influential in the Thane-Palghar region after Dighe\u2019s passing in 2001.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240803202827/https://www.onmanorama.com/news/india/2022/06/30/eknath-shinde-maharashtra-cm-profile.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is Eknath Shinde\u2019s actual connection to Anand Dighe?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is false because the person in the image with Bal Thackeray is not Eknath Shinde but Anand Dighe, a senior Shiv Sena leader.", "claim_text": "An image of Bal Thackeray with Eknath Shinde.", "claim_images": ["67e1459300d1951bc0dff78a#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@KiranSi27813888", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220703205423/https://twitter.com/kiransi27813888/status/1539652213609402370", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240624012503/https://www.boomlive.in/fact-check/old-image-of-taapsee-pannu-at-siddhivinayak-temple-given-false-communal-spin-shared-as-recent-18957", "date": "2022-08-22", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67e1481d00d1951bc0dffa09#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The image is from October 2019, when she visited the temple with her parents after the release of Saand Ki Aankh.  \n", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240624012503/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/taapsee-pannu-visits-siddhivinayak-temple-with-her-parents-view-pics/articleshow/71763746.cms", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was this Image taken ?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67e1481d00d1951bc0dffa09#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240624012503/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/taapsee-pannu-visits-siddhivinayak-temple-with-her-parents-view-pics/articleshow/71763746.cms", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The viral photo is from October 2019, when she visited the temple with her parents after the release of her film Saand Ki Aankh. "}], "question": "Did Taapsee Pannu visit Siddhivinayak Temple because her film \u2018Dobaaraa\u2019 flopped?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The image is from October 2019, when Taapsee Pannu visited Siddhivinayak Temple with her parents after the release of Saand Ki Aankh, not due to the failure of Dobaaraa.", "claim_text": "Taapsee Pannu visited\nSiddhivinayak Temple in Mumbai after her film 'Dobaaraa' flopped at the Box Office.\n", "claim_images": ["67e1481d00d1951bc0dffa09#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@hindu.hindusm.hindustan  ", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://www.instagram.com/p/ChldruUP8Nk/?utm_source=ig_embed&utm_campaign=loading", "reporting_source": "Instagram", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241224094332/https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2023/01/fact-check-damar-hamlins-iv-being-unhooked-does-not-indicate-a-problem-.html", "date": "2023-01-10", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67e1e5c700d1951bc0e2ed7c#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "Damar Hamlin.", "source_url": "https://www.instagram.com/p/CnKdxezP1tZ/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is the person with a disconnected IV line in the photo?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "He suffered a cardiac arrest and collapsed during a game against the Cincinnati Bengals on January 2, 2023.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241224094414/https://www.npr.org/2023/01/11/1148393071/buffalo-bills-damar-hamlin-discharged-hospital", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What was Damar Hamlin's condition?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241224094414/https://opentextbc.ca/clinicalskills/chapter/intravenous-therapy-peripheral-and-central-venous-catheters/", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "IV therapy treatment may be for short or long duration depending on the needs of the patient, therefore, peripheral IVs don't have to be constantly connected."}], "question": "Does having a disconnected IV line contradict Damar Hamlin's cardiac arrest condition?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67e1e5c700d1951bc0e2ed7c#INPUT#3#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "A peripheral intravenous catheter.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241224094414/https://opentextbc.ca/clinicalskills/chapter/intravenous-therapy-peripheral-and-central-venous-catheters/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What type of device does he have on his wrist?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "A disconnected IV does not cast doubt on Damar Hamlin\u2019s cardiac arrest condition, as IVs are not always continuously hooked up and can be used intermittently based on medical needs.", "claim_text": "The image shows Damar Hamlin's IV not being hooked up which questions his cardiac arrest condition.  ", "claim_images": ["67e1e5c700d1951bc0e2ed7c#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67e1e5c700d1951bc0e2ed7c#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Aprajita Choudhary", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241224094414/https://leadstories.com/Screen%20Shot%202023-01-12%20at%203.35.01%20PM.png", "original_claim_url": "", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim", "Media Publishing Claim", "Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": [], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240715091023/https://factly.in/viral-image-shows-the-iftar-event-held-at-eden-hindu-hostel-not-at-presidency-university-campus/", "date": "2023-04-05", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The Iftar was held at the Hindu hostel.", "source_url": "https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/in-charged-times-hindu-hostel-boarders-host-iftar-for-700-in-kolkata/articleshow/99280852.cms?from=mdr", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Was the Dawat-e-Iftar event held at Kolkata\u2019s Presidency University campus?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/hindu-hostel/_gH3ohGRv08xKA?hl=en", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Hindu hostel is also Eden Hindu hostel."}], "question": "Is the Hindu hostel also known as the Eden Hindu hostel?\n\n\n\n", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/groups/197025860315242/", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "They are different entities."}], "question": "Is Eden Hindu hostel and Presidency University the same entity?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The Presidency University authorities did not allow Saraswati Puja on campus.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230419105043/https://bengali.abplive.com/district/kolkata-presidency-university-tmcp-organises-saraswati-puja-outside-main-gate-951695", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Was Saraswati Puja allowed to be celebrated on Presidency University campus?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The Dawat-e-Iftar event was held at the Eden Hindu Hostel, which is separate from Presidency University. Meanwhile, Saraswati Puja was not allowed on the university campus, meaning the claim misrepresents the locations and policies involved.", "claim_text": "Kolkata\u2019s Presidency University allowed a Dawat-e-Iftar event to be held on campus, while denying permission for a Saraswati Puja celebration on campus.", "claim_images": ["67e1f2fc00d1951bc0e30968#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240715091023im_/https://factly.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/university-iftar-claim.png", "original_claim_url": "", "reporting_source": "The Times of India", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim", "Media Publishing Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Keyword Search", "Geolocation"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": [], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240302190621/https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/essex-police-tweet-minority-ethnic-officers/", "date": "2023-03-02", "label": "Refuted", "location": "GB", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://x.com/EssexPoliceUK", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "There are no reports or evidence of such a tweet."}], "question": "Did Essex police tweet that applicants from the correct background can submit a streamlined application without a CV?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "At Essex Police, we value difference. Whether you're looking to start your career in policing or continue your journey, we have opportunities for you.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240102231431/https://www.essex.police.uk/police-forces/essex-police/areas/essex-police/ca/careers/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does their hiring statement say?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": []}], "justification": "There is no evidence that Essex Police tweeted the statement about aiming for 50% minority officers or allowing certain applicants to submit a streamlined application without a CV. The actual hiring statement emphasizes valuing diversity but does not match the claim.", "claim_text": "The U.K.'s Essex Police tweeted, \u201cWe\u2019re hiring! Essex Police aims to be the first county-level police force in Britain composed of at least 50% Black, Asian, and minority ethnic officers! If you\u2019re from the correct background you can submit a streamlined application without your CV.\u201d", "claim_images": ["67e200b700d1951bc0e30a28#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@TheFreds", "transcription": "We're hiring! Essex Police aims to be the first county-level Police Force in Britain composed of at least 50% Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic officers! If you're from the correct background you can submit a streamlined application without your CV at essex.police.uk/fitthebill", "media_source": "https://www.essex.police.uk/police-forces/essex-police/areas/essex-police/ca/careers/", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230303165452/https://twitter.com/TheFreds/status/1631230014451511296", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Media Publishing Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted", "Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230523121253/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.33CR3K3", "date": "2023-04-01", "label": "Refuted", "location": "ET", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a10750e2f02e5f4994abb4#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "In October, 2021 in connection with a conflict in Tigray between TPLF and Amhara security forces", "source_url": "https://archive.ph/w2KDt", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image of parading soldiers originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a10750e2f02e5f4994abb4#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "In February, 2020 in connection with protests following the abduction of Amhara students", "source_url": "https://archive.ph/CH5z2", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image of the banner originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a10750e2f02e5f4994abb4#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "In May, 2019 in connection with a protest in Amhara against displacement", "source_url": "https://archive.ph/jP3W9", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image showing people holding a banner originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "CLAIM_IMG_3 was first published in October 2021, CLAIM_IMG_2 was first published in February 2020, CLAIM_IMG_1 was first published in May 2019 therefore the images cannot show Ethiopian soldiers parading in April 2023 because all images were published before April 2023.", "claim_text": "Images show Ethiopian soldiers parading in April, 2023 in support of anti-government protests in Amhara", "claim_images": ["67a10750e2f02e5f4994abb4#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67a10750e2f02e5f4994abb4#CLAIM#1.jpg", "67a10750e2f02e5f4994abb4#CLAIM#2.jpg", "67a10750e2f02e5f4994abb4#CLAIM#3.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Zemedkun Bekele", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.ph/AyQgW", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524151023/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.33DV4KN", "date": "2023-04-21", "label": "Refuted", "location": "ZA", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "Critics have accused her of taking the spotlight away from the president or behaving as if she were his political equal.", "source_url": "https://archive.vn/PHToG", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the basis of the assertion that South Korean President Yoon Suk Yeol is overshadowed by his wife?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a10ecbe2f02e5f4994b497#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.korea.kr/multi/policyPhotoView.do?bbsKey=52691", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "A slide show of the visit to the Louvre Abu Dhabi shows Yoon clearly in 10 of the 13 photos."}], "question": "Is the image in the Louvre Aub Dhabi the only photo taken during that visit?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a10ecbe2f02e5f4994b497#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://archive.ph/2CirX", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "A slide show of the visit to the National Cemetery of Daejeon shows Yoon clearly in 11 of the 15 photos."}], "question": "Is the image at the National Cemetery of Daejeon the only photo of that visit?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a10ecbe2f02e5f4994b497#INPUT#3#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://archive.ph/cnzV8", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "A slide show of the visit to the dinner meeting in Zurich shows Yoon clearly in 13 of the 17 photos."}], "question": "Is the image of the dinner meeting in Zurich the only photo of that event?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a10ecbe2f02e5f4994b497#INPUT#4#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://archive.ph/UCzhf", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "A slide show of the visit to the Naval Academy graduation shows Yoon clearly in 23 of 25 photos."}], "question": "Is the image of the Naval Academy graduation the only photo of that event?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim cherry picks the evidence. The president was in most of the photos, based on the evidence.", "claim_text": "South Korean President Yoon Suk Yeol was overshadowed by his wife in all of the photos released by the presidential office of their recent visits to the United Arab Emirates and Switzerland and within South Korea.", "claim_images": ["67a10ecbe2f02e5f4994b497#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67a10ecbe2f02e5f4994b497#CLAIM#1.jpg", "67a10ecbe2f02e5f4994b497#CLAIM#2.jpg", "67a10ecbe2f02e5f4994b497#CLAIM#3.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524151023/https://archive.is/Z1Llx", "reporting_source": "Instiz", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240821092159/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.33FC3TB", "date": "2023-05-10", "label": "Refuted", "location": "TH", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a11895e2f02e5f4994c2b0#INPUT#0#0.jpg", "67a11895e2f02e5f4994c2b0#INPUT#0#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "On May 5, 2023", "source_url": "https://archive.ph/o0lPR", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When were the images originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a11895e2f02e5f4994c2b0#INPUT#1#0.jpg", "67a11895e2f02e5f4994c2b0#INPUT#1#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The images show model Warunee Punsin", "source_url": "https://archive.ph/o0lPR", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the name of the person depicted in the images published on May 5, 2023?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a11895e2f02e5f4994c2b0#INPUT#2#0.jpg", "67a11895e2f02e5f4994c2b0#INPUT#2#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://archive.ph/o0lPR", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "In the comment to the post, Warunee Punsin wrote, \"I was born in the era of Move Forward Party-led government. The woman in the photos wearing an orange bra is me. I am not related to Rukchanok in any way. Someone used my photos to distort and instigate for political purposes.\""}], "question": "Does the publication of the images contain any commentary?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "In a post to her Facebook account, Rukchanok shared photos of herself at a police station filing a complaint.", "source_url": "https://archive.ph/BP5pV", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "How did Rukchanok Srinork react to the images?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The Facebook post of May 5, 2023 clearly states the images are of Warunee Punsin not Rukchanok Srinork even though the reason Rukchanok Srinork went to the police station does not appear to have anything to do with the claim \"Photos show young politician from the Move Forward Party, Rukchanok Srinork, in lingerie.\"", "claim_text": "Photos show young politician from the Move Forward Party, Rukchanok Srinork, in lingerie.", "claim_images": ["67a11895e2f02e5f4994c2b0#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67a11895e2f02e5f4994c2b0#CLAIM#1.jpg", "67a11895e2f02e5f4994c2b0#CLAIM#2.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Sukij Dechkul", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240821092159/https://archive.ph/IcJ4N", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230218125104/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2023/01/24/fact-check-photos-pigeons-carrying-drugs-old-not-nypd/11111021002/", "date": "2023-01-16", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a11e19e2f02e5f4994d3ff#INPUT#0#0.jpg", "67a11e19e2f02e5f4994d3ff#INPUT#0#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "August 14, 2015 in The Independent", "source_url": "https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/guards-capture-drugs-dove-as-it-delivers-cocaine-to-inmates-in-costa-rican-prison-10456007.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When were the images originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a11e19e2f02e5f4994d3ff#INPUT#1#0.jpg", "67a11e19e2f02e5f4994d3ff#INPUT#1#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Guards captured a pigeon flying cocaine and cannabis into a prison in Costa Rica.", "source_url": "https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/guards-capture-drugs-dove-as-it-delivers-cocaine-to-inmates-in-costa-rican-prison-10456007.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What were the circumstances of the images published on August 14, 2015?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a11e19e2f02e5f4994d3ff#INPUT#2#0.jpg", "67a11e19e2f02e5f4994d3ff#INPUT#2#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "May, 2017 in Alarabiya News", "source_url": "https://english.alarabiya.net/variety/2017/05/23/Traffickers-attempt-to-use-a-homing-pigeon-to-smuggle-drugs-into-Kuwait", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When were the images originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a11e19e2f02e5f4994d3ff#INPUT#3#0.jpg", "67a11e19e2f02e5f4994d3ff#INPUT#3#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Kuwaiti customs seized 178 pills wrapped around a homing pigeon.", "source_url": "https://english.alarabiya.net/variety/2017/05/23/Traffickers-attempt-to-use-a-homing-pigeon-to-smuggle-drugs-into-Kuwait", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What were the circumstances of the publication of the images in Alarabiya News?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "CLAIM_ING_0 and CLAIM_ING_3 were from The Independent article stating guards have captured a pigeon flying cocaine and cannabis into a prison in Costa Rica. CLAIM_IMG_1 and CLAIM_IMG_2 were from Alarabiya News stating  Kuwaiti customs seized 178 pills wrapped around a homing pigeon. The pigeon was trying to smuggle drugs into Kuwaiti. Neither article mentioned New York police.", "claim_text": "New York police caught a group of pigeons with backpacks carrying illicit substances.", "claim_images": ["67a11e19e2f02e5f4994d3ff#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67a11e19e2f02e5f4994d3ff#CLAIM#1.jpg", "67a11e19e2f02e5f4994d3ff#CLAIM#2.jpg", "67a11e19e2f02e5f4994d3ff#CLAIM#3.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Halga N'zeng", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.org/details/screenshot-2023-01-24-080748", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Reverse Image Search", "Fact-checker Reference"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240624105135/https://factly.in/the-person-standing-beside-rahul-gandhi-in-this-photo-is-not-nathan-anderson-the-founder-of-hindenburg-research/", "date": "2023-02-05", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a51913e2f02e5f4998cad0#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "August 22, 2018 on Twitter", "source_url": "https://x.com/INCIndia/status/1032217101304389632", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a51913e2f02e5f4998cad0#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://x.com/INCIndia/status/1032217101304389632", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Congress President @RahulGandhi met @NielsAnnen, Minister of State & Member of the Bundestag and discussed Indian & German politics, floods in Kerala, GST & jobs."}], "question": "Does the image in the August 22, 2018 post on Twitter contain a caption?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The Congress@INCIndia tweet posted of 22 Aug 2018 states this is a picture of Congress President Rahul Gandhi and Niels Annen, Minister of State & Member of the Bundestag meeting for the purpose of discussing Indian & German politics, floods in Kerala, GST & jobs. There is no mention of Nahan Anderson.", "claim_text": "Rahul Gandhi\u2019s picture with the founder of Hindenburg research, Nahan Anderson.", "claim_images": ["67a51913e2f02e5f4998cad0#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Ram Chandra Prasad", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://scontent-lga3-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/472147041_560349510301310_4192035812439311659_n.jpg?_nc_cat=111&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=833d8c&_nc_ohc=dm6PnZmmwUsQ7kNvgGLTbTG&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-lga3-1.xx&_nc_gid=AxU_Dzvw6tpRdgNTosE-5Yl&oh=00_AYDs5e2TJpUcbFuPVmp0ZNp1Qvww7HHy8vwx_dW5wyZmvQ&oe=678675EA", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230211042426/https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=113454964990769&set=a.105982669071332", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230925141536/https://newsmobile.in/articles/2023/01/09/fact-check-2013-image-of-kolkata-slum-falsely-linked-to-ongoing-haldwani-encroachment-drive/", "date": "2023-01-05", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "In August, 2023 after the Supreme Court of India stayed the matter.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20231223030155/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/haldwani-row-over-800-hectares-of-railway-land-under-encroachment-across-india-2317730-2023-01-05", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When did protests by Haldwani residents begin regarding the encroachment drive?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a51b7de2f02e5f4998cef9#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "January 18, 2016 by ABC News in an article concerning global wealth disparity", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230610175906/https://abcnews.go.com/International/richest-62-people-control-amount-wealth-poorest-half/story?id=36357265", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "CLAIM_IMG_0 is not from Haldwani encroachment Drive. CLAIM_IMG_0 was first published by ABC News on Jan 18, 2016 with the caption, people get on with their lives in a slum on the railway tracks as a commuter train goes past on Dec 12, 2013 in Kolkata, India. This picture was to depict  global wealth disparity. The protests by Haldwani residents regarding the encroachment drive did not start until Aug 2023 after the Supreme Court of India stayed the order to evict 50,000 residents of Haldwani's railway land.", "claim_text": "Picture from Haldwani encroachment drive.", "claim_images": ["67a51b7de2f02e5f4998cef9#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Adv Tanmay Mishra", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://scontent-lga3-2.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/323884084_466788632329246_7947320209964302524_n.jpg?_nc_cat=105&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=833d8c&_nc_ohc=vdyC_ZELtKIQ7kNvgEtaNQZ&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-lga3-2.xx&_nc_gid=AVExUYtys3tCwjBv102YzR-&oh=00_AYDsFIVfHrQaBzWxi8BsDfoYC2PApAJ16fqz_WuHonRUoQ&oe=678659A0", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230119175420/https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=5794937397270056&set=a.106736819423504", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240414210949/https://www.boomlive.in/fact-check/viral-photo-sakshee-malikkh-protest-old-photo-farmers-protest-social-media-22100", "date": "2023-05-28", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a56575e2f02e5f4998ff55#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "January 29, 2021 in the Deccan Herald in connection with a farmers' protest", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230530162039/https://www.deccanherald.com/national/farmers-protest-live-new-farm-laws-tikri-singhu-border-tractor-rally-congress-bjp-narendra-modi-amit-shah-narendra-singh-tomar-farm-bills-msp-944596.html#1", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a56575e2f02e5f4998ff55#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "On February 4, 2021, The Times of India published the image along with this description: \"Ranjit Singh, 22, of Kajampur village in Punjab\u2019s Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar district had his face crushed under a cop\u2019s boot on Delhi\u2019s Singhu border\"", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230622085853/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/three-faces-of-farmers-protest-tearful-bloody-under-the-boot/articleshow/80680875.cms?from=mdr", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Is the identity of the person in the image published by Deccan Herald on January 29, 2021 known?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "CLAIM_IMG_0 was published on 29 Jan 2021 in connection to a  protest on 26 Jan 2021 where thousands of protesting farmers clashed with the police during a tractor rally. The image had the caption, Police pin down a farmer, who allegedly attacked Police SHO (Alipur) Pradeep Paliwal, during clashes between people claiming to be local villagers and farmers at the Singhu Border. Credit: PTI Photo.\nThe Times of India published the image on 4 Feb 2021 identifying the person as Ranjit Singh, 22, of Kajampur village in Punjab\u2019s Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar. Neither article mention wrestler Sakshee Malikkh or a protest against the Wrestling Federation of India's president.", "claim_text": "The photo shows wrestler Sakshee Malikkh being pinned down by a cop with his boots for protesting against the Wrestling Federation of India's president. ", "claim_images": ["67a56575e2f02e5f4998ff55#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@AbdulWahid046", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230529063520im_/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FxPHDtDWIAY3-Pr?format=jpg&name=small", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230529063520/https://twitter.com/AbdulWahid046/status/1662891556213506048", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search", "Keyword Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20231130053043/https://newsmobile.in/articles/2023/05/30/fact-check-old-image-of-caskets-inside-plane-falsely-linked-to-ukraine-russia-war/", "date": "2023-05-21", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "February 24, 2022", "source_url": "https://www.cnn.com/interactive/2023/02/europe/russia-ukraine-war-timeline/index.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When did the war in Ukraine with Russian forces begin?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a56767e2f02e5f49990392#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "April 28, 2005 by the U.S. Department of Defense via Getty Images", "source_url": "https://www.gettyimages.in/detail/news-photo/caskets-bearing-the-remains-of-crew-members-whose-black-news-photo/52730230", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image first published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a56767e2f02e5f49990392#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Caskets bearing the remains of crew members whose Black Hawk helicopter crashed on a night training mission in Kuwait are shown onboard an Air Force C-17 Globemaster III aircraft at Ramstein Air Force Base.  The crew was part of the 158th Aviation Regiment, 5th Battalion, 12th Aviation Brigade based in Giebelstadt, Germany.", "source_url": "https://www.gettyimages.in/detail/news-photo/caskets-bearing-the-remains-of-crew-members-whose-black-news-photo/52730230", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the context of the image released by the U.S. Department of Defense via Getty Images on April 28, 2005? ", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "In the early hours of February 24, 2022 Russian President Vladimir Putin ordered his troops into Ukraine (per a CNN video) showing Putin announcing this invasion. CLAIM_IMG_0 was released on 28 Apr 2005 stating, Pentagon Releases Photos Showing U.S. Casualties\nRAMSTEIN AIR FORCE BASE, GERMANY - Caskets bearing the remains of crew members whose Black Hawk helicopter crashed on a night training mission in Kuwait are shown onboard an Air Force C-17 Globemaster III aircraft at Ramstein Air Force Base in this photo released April 28, 2005 by the Pentagon. (Photo by U.S. Department of Defense/National Security Archive via Getty Images). Concluding this image cannot be of coffins of US patriot missile operators who died fighting for Ukraine in the ongoing Russia-Ukraine war since the image was published 17 years before the Russia-Ukraine war began.", "claim_text": "Photo shows the coffins of US patriot missile battery operators who died while fighting for Ukraine in the ongoing Russia-Ukraine war.", "claim_images": ["67a56767e2f02e5f49990392#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Global Happenings ", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230325111320/https://newsmobile.in/articles/2023/01/28/fact-check-old-image-of-ambanis-with-srk-falsely-linked-to-pathaan/", "date": "2023-01-25", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "January 25, 2023", "source_url": "https://www.yashrajfilms.com/news/detail/2022/03/02/yrf-reveals-pathaan-release-date-with-a-specially-shot-date-announcement-video-that-has-no-film-footage", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What was the release date of Pathaan?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a56b72e2f02e5f49990c12#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "December 28, 2015 in connection with the launch of Reliance Jio 4G\n", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230604134544/https://www.financialexpress.com/photos/business-gallery/184656/reliance-jio-4g-launched-mukesh-ambani-speech-highlights-in-5-points/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "CLAIM_IMG_0 was published in Financial Express 28 Dec 2015 in connection to Mukesh Ambani at Reliance Jio 4G launch. Yash Raj Films announced the release of Pathaan on 2 Mar 2022. Pathaan was released on 25 Jan 2023. CLAIM_IMG_0 was taken 8 years before the release of Pathaan.", "claim_text": "Ambani family watched the screening of Pathaan with  Bollywood star Shah Rukh Khan.", "claim_images": ["67a56b72e2f02e5f49990c12#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Madan Lal Pahwa", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://scontent-lga3-2.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/326402915_1250189155709216_7164755529819843831_n.jpg?_nc_cat=101&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=833d8c&_nc_ohc=WMICakI6EpAQ7kNvgEquoOC&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-lga3-2.xx&_nc_gid=AsYS4Gi0n_jPw0SWNMI5fHf&oh=00_AYDcWSzTfQ0upQP1GJrshH4SbuZJYnqT-Qcm1NxfFXHi9Q&oe=67876F47", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/madanlal.pahwa/posts/pfbid02FEwGDvkTDP3yrPxaB8Xo2BMnDnT8SsSUcLDDHE2h88qpSNqF54RjPsocQ4zLta9cl", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240417021803/https://factly.in/2021-photo-of-bjp-and-congress-leaders-meeting-speaker-om-birla-shared-as-bjps-secret-meeting-with-congress/", "date": "2023-01-16", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a56d19e2f02e5f49991059#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "August 11, 2021 by The Times of India", "source_url": "https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/rare-photo-op-pm-modi-amit-shah-with-sonia-gandhi-and-sukhbir-badal-as-they-met-speaker-om-birla/articleshow/85239359.cms", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a56d19e2f02e5f49991059#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The image shows Prime Minister Modi and Amit Shah as they met with Sonia Gandhi and Sukhbir Badal and Om Birla ", "source_url": "https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/rare-photo-op-pm-modi-amit-shah-with-sonia-gandhi-and-sukhbir-badal-as-they-met-speaker-om-birla/articleshow/85239359.cms", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What are the circumstances surrounding the image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is misleading. CLAIM_IMG_0 is an old photo published in The Times of India on 11 Aug 2021showing that after the Lok Sabha adjourned sine die, top leaders from several political parties meeting with speaker Om Birla. There is no evidence that the Bharatiya Janata Party participated in this meeting or that the meeting was secret. ", "claim_text": "Photo taken in 2023 showing a secret meeting between Bharatiya Janata Party and Congress leaders.", "claim_images": ["67a56d19e2f02e5f49991059#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "I Am With Rashid Akhtar", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://scontent-lga3-3.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/325765251_511293131108091_7116734806664045658_n.jpg?_nc_cat=110&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=833d8c&_nc_ohc=bafxOVEgz1IQ7kNvgFCoQEj&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-lga3-3.xx&_nc_gid=AEMPIuXlq3SDINYRU0dyicK&oh=00_AYDc4ZnhLB21Jg2KKnJo67eXri3KgPKKCN5ghIWkF1WPpw&oe=678759AE", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/iAmWithRashid/posts/pfbid02prSmoHF7rxPyjaNnsnR9SUKkZE1QdAo3MEjxiJLAv3qE2kNtpcfWD3GWHrHK3hgpl", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240520114444/https://en.youturn.in/factcheck/inscription-on-the-iron-pillar-in-qutub-minar.html", "date": "2023-02-20", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a5702ee2f02e5f499914fb#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The iron pillar in the image is known as Loha Stamba and is located in Lohagarth Fort, Bharatpur, Rajasthan, India. It is embossed with the name of Kings Jawahar Burj ", "source_url": "https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-nmk-65535-loha-stamba-iron-pillar-name-of-kings-embossed-jawahar-burj-26921771.html?imageid=0C30273E-5BA5-4080-B573-A90AB30F956C&p=82085&pn=1&searchId=164c9631bff305e3d97d8dfad7662855&searchtype=0", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where is the iron pillar in the image located?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://m.thewire.in/article/history/qutb-minar-complex-iron-pillar/amp", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The pillar weighs over six tonnes and is around 23.6 feet (7.08 metres) tall, of which 3.6 feet (1.08 metres) is buried below the ground. It is surmounted by an inverted lotus capital over which there are three fluted discs (amalaka) supporting a square pedestal. There is a deep hole on the top of the pillar which possibly supported an image of the legendary bird Garuda, regarded as the vehicle of Lord Vishnu.\nThe oldest and longest inscription on the pillar, which is in Sanskrit, records the military prowess and achievements of a king named Chandra. It bears no resemblance to the iron pillar in Lahagarth Fort"}], "question": "Does an iron pillar exist in Qutub Minar?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "There is an iron pillar in Qutub Minar as reported on 11 Apr 2022, in The Wire. The oldest and longest inscription on the pillar, which is in Sanskrit, records the military prowess and achievements of a king named Chandra. There is conflicting evidence amongst scholars as to where the pillar was brought from and when. There is no evidence sited that the iron pillar has the names of ancestors of the Mughals on it. The only reference to who built the iron pillar is \u201c[The pillar was erected by] that king who acquired Supreme sovereignty on earth for a very long time by his own promise [and] who, having the name Chandra and the beauty of countenance resembling the full moon, having fixed his mind with devotion on Vishnu, this lofty standard of the Lord Vishnu was set up on Vishnupada hill (emphasis added).\u201d CLAIM_IMG_0 is not the iron pillar in Qutub Minar. This iron pillar appears to be from an Alamy images and dates back 2008. The iron pillar is located in Jawahar Burj, Lohagarh fort, Bharatpur, Rajasthan, India and is unrelated to the claim.", "claim_text": "The iron pillar in Qutub Minar has the names of the ancestors of the Mughals proving that they built it.", "claim_images": ["67a5702ee2f02e5f499914fb#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@pradeepthakur_4", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://archive.ph/AL8fQ/5ab222fde6f293c766cd30ea92201e989919b7ab.jpg", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.ph/AL8fQ", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery", "Reverse Image Search", "Keyword Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230530011029/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.33BV9CJ", "date": "2023-03-21", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://archive.ph/7kfWD", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "On March 21, 2023"}], "question": "Did an earthquake strike Kashmir in March, 2023?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a571a4e2f02e5f4999194a#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "February 6, 2023 by the AFP", "source_url": "https://archive.is/bbEgh", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a571a4e2f02e5f4999194a#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The image shows destruction from an earthquake in Turkey", "source_url": "https://archive.is/bbEgh", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What are the circumstances of the image released by the AFP on February 6, 2023?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "CLAIM_IMG-0 was published by AFP on 6 Feb 2023 depicting a destroyed building after an earthquake in Turkey's provinces in  Kahramanmaras, Turkey. There was an earthquake in Kashmir on 21 Mar 2023 as reported by APF but CLAIM_IMG_0 does not depict a collapsed building in Kashmir.", "claim_text": "Photo shows building collapse in Kashmir in March 2023.", "claim_images": ["67a571a4e2f02e5f4999194a#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Sultan Sunny Khan", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://archive.ph/rG5Ub/39b6a4693967440f38095313b69b4b72cd9b239d.jpg", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.ph/rG5Ub", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search", "Keyword Search", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240415054451/https://www.boomlive.in/fact-check/man-who-tried-to-rape-a-woman-in-meerut-is-not-a-muslim-but-a-hindu-viral-photo-fact-check-21062", "date": "2023-02-10", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a581b2e2f02e5f499927ac#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Mohit Saini who is a resident of Lavad in Meerut", "source_url": "https://www.bhaskar.com/local/uttar-pradesh/meerut/news/the-woman-showed-courage-to-the-rapist-who-came-to-rape-her-sealed-her-lips-in-a-packet-and-took-her-away-130882983.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is the person depicted in the image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The name Saini is traditionally a Hindu community surname, particularly in Uttar Pradesh where Meerut is located", "source_url": "https://www.sikhiwiki.org/index.php/Saini", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Is Mohit Saini from Meerut a Hindu or Muslim?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "CLAIM_IMG_0 was published in Hindu News 2 years ago. The caption under the photo states, During police interrogation, the accused youth has given his name as Mohit Saini. The youth is accused of trying to rape a Meerut woman. SikhiWiki.org states that the surname name Saini is traditionally a hindu name.\n", "claim_text": "The accused man from Meerut, who tried to rape a woman, is a Muslim named Mohammad Israr.", "claim_images": ["67a581b2e2f02e5f499927ac#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "https://x.com/search?q=%22%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%20%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%22%20%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A0&src=typed_query&f=top", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FolSbAKaYAEsF9N?format=jpg&name=medium", "original_claim_url": "https://x.com/search?q=%22%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%20%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%22%20%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A0&src=typed_query&f=top", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240723050920/https://factly.in/english-this-photo-does-not-show-a-1400-year-old-pallava-stonework-at-lalgiri-temple/", "date": "2023-01-25", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a5831ce2f02e5f49992c15#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The image appears on the cover of a book titled \"Cosmos Latinos.\"", "source_url": "https://books.google.co.in/books?id=THf4Dgi93xsC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the origin of the image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://books.google.co.in/books?id=THf4Dgi93xsC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The back of the book identifies the cover as artwork drawn by the artist Raul Cruz in 2006."}], "question": "Does the book Cosmos Latinos identify the source of its cover?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "CLAIM_IMG_0 appears on the cover of a book entitled, Cosmos Latinos: An Anthology of Science Fiction from Latin America and Spain. The cover of the book was illustrated by Rual Cruz entitled Memoria del Futuro.", "claim_text": "1400-year-old stonework at Lalgiri temple shows a person sitting in front of a computer.", "claim_images": ["67a5831ce2f02e5f49992c15#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Rajkumar Kasera", "transcription": "\u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930 70 \u0938\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0928\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092f\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u093f\u0924\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0941\u0902\u0920\u093f\u0924 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e!!! 1400 \u0938\u093e\u0932 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0935 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u093e \u0928\u0930\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0939 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0932\u093e\u0932\u0917\u093f\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u0902\u0926\u093f\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u092e\u094d\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0915\u0940\u092c\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092c\u093f\u091c\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0947 \u0938\u092c \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0925\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0940\u0935\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0908 \u0917\u0908 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948..? \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u092f\u0947 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0924\u092c \u0927\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u093f\u091c\u0932\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0925\u0940, \u0927\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0940 \u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092d\u0940 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0925\u0947, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0902\u0926\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0940\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u0948 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0939\u092e \u092e\u0928\u094d\u0926\u093f\u0930 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948 ", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230127170055/https://scontent-sjc3-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/327054850_565926052095293_946106438978046810_n.jpg?_nc_cat=105&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=5cd70e&_nc_ohc=CAcfLSeWSxYAX9WFURZ&_nc_ht=scontent-sjc3-1.xx&oh=00_AfC8DfAX2KgT1enc0WOOTie7_NoNlFPfNHfnnx4vfTT44A&oe=63D907CD", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230127170055/https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=1951714915180510&set=gm.4491513917638933&idorvanity=391680620955637", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240804092630/https://www.thequint.com/news/webqoof/kashmir-earthquake-three-killed-photo-from-turkey-fact-check", "date": "2023-03-21", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a5848be2f02e5f4999307c#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "February 6, 2023 by Anadolu Agency", "source_url": "https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/gundem/kahramanmarasta-7-7-ile-7-6-ve-gaziantepte-6-5-ile-6-4-buyuklugunde-deprem/2807085", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a5848be2f02e5f4999307c#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Turkey", "source_url": "https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/gundem/kahramanmarasta-7-7-ile-7-6-ve-gaziantepte-6-5-ile-6-4-buyuklugunde-deprem/2807085", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where was the building in the image published by Anadolu Agency on February 6, 2023 located?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "CLAIM_IMG_0 was published on 6 Feb 2023 by the Anadolu Agency depicting damage from an earthquake in the Pazarc\u0131k district of Kahramanmara\u015f Turkey where 1541 people lost their lives", "claim_text": "Photo of a collapsed building in Kashmir, where three people died after the earthquake on 21 March.", "claim_images": ["67a5848be2f02e5f4999307c#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@SalmanR10984771", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://rejouer.perma.cc/replay-web-page/w/id-e492ea73d38c/im_/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FrwvT2UWcBwktSV?format=jpg&name=small", "original_claim_url": "https://perma.cc/8MSQ-RCU5", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search", "Keyword Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240418212107/https://factly.in/unrelated-old-photo-shared-as-picture-taken-when-arvind-kejriwal-offered-an-apology-to-nitin-gadkari/", "date": "2023-03-30", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a58926e2f02e5f499939b2#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "September 16, 2014 by Getty Images", "source_url": "https://www.gettyimages.in/detail/news-photo/aam-aadmi-party-convener-arvind-kejriwal-with-union-news-photo/455537426", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image first published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "March, 2018", "source_url": "https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/arvind-kejriwal-expresses-regret-to-nitin-gadkari/article23292396.ece", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When did Arvind Kejriwal submit an apology to Nitin Gadkari?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a58926e2f02e5f499939b2#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The photo was taken on September 16, 2014, during a meeting at Transport Bhawan in Delhi about e-rickshaw regularization", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240418212107/https://www.gettyimages.in/detail/news-photo/aam-aadmi-party-convener-arvind-kejriwal-with-union-news-photo/455537426", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the photo of Arvind Kejriwal and Nitin Gadkari actually taken?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Arvind Kejriwal apologized in 2018 to settle a defamation case filed against him by Nitin Gadkari in 2014.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240418212107/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/arvind-kejriwal-expresses-regret-to-nitin-gadkari/article23292396.ece", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When did Arvind Kejriwal issue a written apology to Nitin Gadkari?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The photo was taken on September 16, 2014, during a meeting at Transport Bhawan in Delhi about e-rickshaw regularization and not in 2018  when Arvind Kejriwal issued a written apology to Nitin Gadkari.", "claim_text": "Photo which was taken when Arvind Kejriwal offered a written apology to BJP leader and Union Minister Nitin Gadkari.", "claim_images": ["67a58926e2f02e5f499939b2#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Dinesh Achhwan", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://scontent-lga3-3.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/338020376_232406289275940_3507821388686012588_n.jpg?_nc_cat=106&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=833d8c&_nc_ohc=rMa4ygOIAdcQ7kNvgH-d3Hz&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-lga3-3.xx&_nc_gid=AKDG0-kuBhOSo-hnYImoaqH&oh=00_AYDtgTyUjxnH6CwjAapt5P1NzObi59cz8agj9bqAhQlMzw&oe=6787A306", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/dinesh.achhwan.BJP/posts/pfbid021BB3XnPWYJGJwCB5uA8X2jvi4PX6XVocmLxkzvyFZtW4YNh5ZYsiNgYeeHVq6Nrwl", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230603114808/https://srilanka.factcrescendo.com/english/peta-activist-did-not-impregnate-herself-with-the-sperm-of-an-endangered-gorilla-species/", "date": "2020-02-19", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67a58b5fe2f02e5f49993e9c#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The person in the image is Kristy Henderson, a PETA activist and Executive Director of Animal International", "source_url": "https://x.com/mskirstyh?lang=en", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is the person depicted in the image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The source is known to publish satirical material and the article related to the claim has been removed and marked \"violation of platform policy.\"", "source_url": "http://cdn.scoopernews.com/violation.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Is the forum that published the news article with the claim about Molly Heather a credible source?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67a58b5fe2f02e5f49993e9c#INPUT#2#0.jpg", "67a58b5fe2f02e5f49993e9c#INPUT#2#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The claim was first published by a satirical website known for spreading fictional stories. "}], "question": "Where did this claim originate?  ", "answer_method": "Image Analysis", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is refuted by the evidence. The image shows Kristy Henderson and not Molly Heather and the claim was first published by a satirical website known for spreading fictional stories. ", "claim_text": "A San Diego Zoo biologist named Molly Heather impregnated herslef with gorilla sperm", "claim_images": ["67a58b5fe2f02e5f49993e9c#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67a58b5fe2f02e5f49993e9c#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Mystiryon Hingle McGudichud", "transcription": "PETA ACTIVIST CLAIMS SHE SUCCESSFULLY IMPREGNATED HERSELF WITH ENDANGERED GORILLA SEMEN TO PRESERVE SPECIES", "media_source": "https://scontent-lga3-3.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/338776482_217748887572626_3493018036795744293_n.jpg?_nc_cat=106&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=833d8c&_nc_ohc=6knBIn2s8agQ7kNvgH8o4Z9&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-lga3-3.xx&_nc_gid=Ag1xdl6mBVVkqmM5FhrN5GU&oh=00_AYAbBaHKYUDL7_J03CwueH4GnbtIP90_lPmhWcTyFpeUVA&oe=6787873C", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=9343317889011930&set=a.195083530502124&_rdc=1&_rdr#", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Reverse Image Search", "Fact-checker Reference"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230516133033/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2022/10/14/fact-check-bbc-journalist-reported-ukrainian-city-under-attack/8219892001/", "date": "2022-10-05", "label": "Refuted", "location": "UA", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67ccfa0535531374f6d13323#INPUT#0#0.jpg", "67ccfa0535531374f6d13323#INPUT#0#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "BBC reporter Jeremy Bowen in Irpin, Ukraine", "source_url": "https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-europe-60641873?fbclid=IwAR2v5Tkasx-_NsiJiWhCHl4mz4IlSvf6zBWX_2n5y37UW3j4m1GAUgrVM7U", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is the reporter in the images?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67ccfa0535531374f6d13323#INPUT#1#0.jpg", "67ccfa0535531374f6d13323#INPUT#1#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-europe-60641873?fbclid=IwAR2v5Tkasx-_NsiJiWhCHl4mz4IlSvf6zBWX_2n5y37UW3j4m1GAUgrVM7U", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The images are still shots taken from a video that Bowen is narrating."}], "question": "Are the images of Bowen photographs?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67ccfa0535531374f6d13323#INPUT#2#0.jpg", "67ccfa0535531374f6d13323#INPUT#2#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "Prior to the 1:57 mark in the video, she is crouching behind some metal while mortar fire is heard. After 1:57, she stands, walks toward Bowen, sees him on the ground, and turns away from him.", "source_url": "https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-europe-60641873?fbclid=IwAR2v5Tkasx-_NsiJiWhCHl4mz4IlSvf6zBWX_2n5y37UW3j4m1GAUgrVM7U", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the woman in the background doing in the video?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "A video published on 6 Mar 2022 by the BBC is showing BBC reporter Jeremy Bowen. The photos of Jeremy Bowen in CLAIM_IMG_2 and CLAIM_IMG_3 are still shots from the video that was narrated by Bowen while he was in Irpin, Ukraine under attack by Russian forces. CLAIM_IMG_0 and CLAIM_IMG_1 are photos of a woman in the video Jeremy Bowen is narrating. She started to walk in his direction and sees him on the ground filming and turns to go in a different direction.", "claim_text": "A BBC reporter was pretending to be on the front line in Ukraine", "claim_images": ["67ccfa0535531374f6d13323#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67ccfa0535531374f6d13323#CLAIM#1.jpg", "67ccfa0535531374f6d13323#CLAIM#2.jpg", "67ccfa0535531374f6d13323#CLAIM#3.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Rose Coloured Specs", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/rose.colouredspecs/posts/pfbid0vKK45Ydege3qVvaBqMiQ3oD5RcsAB22DVrCXijk3Bb5KbbYpaxdRieaavZeUBKful", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery", "Video Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted"], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230201054109/https://www.vishvasnews.com/english/politics/fact-check-old-picture-of-sharad-pawar-and-eknath-shinde-meeting-is-being-shared-as-recent-2/", "date": "2022-07-06", "label": "Refuted", "location": "", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67ccfb1835531374f6d13b52#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "State Urban Development Minister N. Eknath Shinde today paid a courtesy call on Honorable Kha. Sharad Pawar Saheb at his residence in Mumbai.", "source_url": "https://x.com/NCPspeaks/status/1458788610346401794", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who are the persons depicted in the image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67ccfb1835531374f6d13b52#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "November 11, 2021", "source_url": "https://x.com/NCPspeaks/status/1458788610346401794", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally posted?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "CLAIM_IMG_0 is a photo of State Urban Development Minister N. Eknath Shinde paying a courtesy call on Honorable Kha. Sharad Pawar Saheb at his residence in Mumbai. The photo was posted on 11 Nov 2021.", "claim_text": "A recent picture shows Sharad Pawar and Maharashtra Chief Minister Eknath Shinde who had arrived with flowers for the meeting.", "claim_images": ["67ccfb1835531374f6d13b52#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Prith Singh", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230504202214/https://twitter.com/NCPspeaks/status/1458788610346401794", "original_claim_url": "https://perma.cc/B9K4-SAXS", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Consultation", "Media Source Discovery", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230209125529/https://checkyourfact.com/2022/11/17/fact-check-election-protest-brazil/", "date": "2022-11-13", "label": "Refuted", "location": "", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67ccfc7a35531374f6d14383#INPUT#0#0.jpg", "67ccfc7a35531374f6d14383#INPUT#0#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Demonstrators demand the impeachment of Brazil's President Dilma Rousseff in Brasilia, Brazil.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221129195301/http://www.apimages.com/metadata/Index/Brazil-Protests/3e98a5b75c174ac1bb41b970be88c695/117/0", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What are the circumstances surrounding the protest in the images?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67ccfc7a35531374f6d14383#INPUT#1#0.jpg", "67ccfc7a35531374f6d14383#INPUT#1#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "March 13, 2016", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221129195301/http://www.apimages.com/metadata/Index/Brazil-Protests/3e98a5b75c174ac1bb41b970be88c695/117/0", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the date when the images were originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "CLAIM_IMG_0 and CLAIM_IMG_1 are photos taken on 13 Mar 2016 depicting demonstrators demanding the impeachment of Brazil's President Dilma Rousseff in Brasilia, Brazil.", "claim_text": "A photo shows a massive protest against the results of the 2022 presidential elections in Brazil.", "claim_images": ["67ccfc7a35531374f6d14383#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67ccfc7a35531374f6d14383#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Rog\u00e9rio Carlos David", "transcription": "While we tweet... This is Brazil protesting election fraud.", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221129195301/http://www.apimages.com/metadata/Index/Brazil-Protests/3e98a5b75c174ac1bb41b970be88c695/117/0", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221121073443/https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=10222134577340142&set=a.1967684158489", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Media Source Discovery", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240530073045/https://www.factrakers.org/post/netizens-fall-for-satirical-post-on-cayetano-s-p10k-ayuda", "date": "2022-12-04", "label": "Refuted", "location": "PH", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67ccffc135531374f6d14bba#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "May 22, 2017", "source_url": "https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/photo/223304/cayetano-s-first-monday-as-dfa-chief/photo/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67ccffc135531374f6d14bba#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/photo/223304/cayetano-s-first-monday-as-dfa-chief/photo/", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Foreign Affairs Secretary Alan Peter Cayetano kneels during a morning prayer on Monday, May 22, 2017. The defeated running-mate of President Rodrigo Duterte in last year's elections, Cayetano was appointed to the DFA immediately after the one-year appointment ban on losing candidates expired."}], "question": "Is there a caption on the image that was published on May 22, 2017?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "A satire/parody account that describes itself as \"The Country's Most Unreliable News Source.\"", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221215155812/https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=154680307274589&set=a.137483468994273", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What type of site is Philippine Daily News Society?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "CLAIM_IMG_0 was posted on Facebook by  the Philippine Daily New Society on 4 Dec 2022. The Philippine Daily New Society is a satire/parody account. The photo was published on 22 May 2017 by GMA News Online depicting Alan Peter Cayetano kneeling during a morning prayer. The defeated running-mate of President Rodrigo Duterte in last year's elections, Cayetano was appointed to the DFA immediately after the one-year appointment ban on losing candidates expired. ", "claim_text": "Alan Peter Cayetano prays to God, wishes for everyone to forget his \u201810k ayuda\u2019 promise", "claim_images": ["67ccffc135531374f6d14bba#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Philippine Daily New Society", "transcription": "Alan Peter Cayetano prays to God, wishes for everyone to forget his \u201810k ayuda\u2019 promise", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=154680307274589&set=a.137483468994273", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Satirical Source Identification", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted"], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240919221026/https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2022/09/fact-check-fruit-stickers-are-not-code-that-means-fruit-sprayed-with-pesticides.html", "date": "2022-09-01", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67cd015a35531374f6d154e2#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "A PLU or a Price Look Up code", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240919220935/https://www.ifpsglobal.com/plu-codes", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the code number that appears on the fruit in the image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "PLU or Price Look Up codes have been used by supermarkets since 1990 to make check-out and inventory control easier, faster, and more accurate. PLU codes are used to identify bulk produce (and related items such as nuts and herbs). They tell the supermarket cashier whether an apple is a conventionally grown Fuji apple which may sell for $1.29 per pound versus an organically grown Fuji apple which may sell for $2.29 per pound. IFPS is the global organization that assigns \u200bPLU codes to produce items.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240919220935/https://www.ifpsglobal.com/plu-codes", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is a PLU used for?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "PLU or Price Look Up codes have been used by supermarkets since 1990 to make check-out and inventory control easier, faster, and more accurate. PLU codes are used to identify bulk produce (and related items such as nuts and herbs). They tell the supermarket cashier whether i.e., an apple is a conventionally grown versus organically grown. IFPS is the global organization that assigns \u200bPLU codes to produce items.", "claim_text": "Fruit stickers have a code that can mean they are \"sprayed with pesticides\".", "claim_images": ["67cd015a35531374f6d154e2#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Advent Broadcast Network", "transcription": "Do you know what those (mostly imported) fruit stickers mean? Very important information, I hope you can take advantage of it. If it has 4 digits and the first digit is 3 or 4, it means that this fruit has been sprayed with pesticides, it must be washed well before", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/adventbroadcast/posts/pfbid02AWC1Vq8qL7cSv8NuZBtBX61BRdjYS1HHhuXV4G8GSLSFGZstt3t2wW3bqvos7NxPl", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Media Source Discovery"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted"], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240712130415/https://www.aap.com.au/factcheck/edited-graph-obscures-truth-about-global-warming/", "date": "2022-06-18", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67cd076835531374f6d15e09#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240118131453/https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/96jc03981", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The information represents temperature, accumulation, and ice sheet elevation in central Greenland through the last deglacial transition"}], "question": "Was the information presented in this chart based on global data?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "No single temperature record from anywhere can prove or disprove global warming, because the temperature is a local record, and one site is not the whole world. ", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240730174044/https://archive.nytimes.com/dotearth.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/02/08/richard-alley-on-old-ice-climate-and-co2/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Can information from only one location adequately inform about climate conditions of the globe?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cd076835531374f6d15e09#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "1885", "source_url": "https://archive.ph/dvBbG", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What year does the chart in the image include?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://royalsociety.org/news-resources/projects/climate-change-evidence-causes/basics-of-climate-change/", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide have increased significantly since the Industrial Revolution began. In the case of carbon dioxide, the average concentration measured at the Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii has risen from 316 parts per million (ppm) in 1959 (the first full year of data available) to more than 411 ppm in 2019 [Figure B2]. The same rates of increase have since been recorded at numerous other stations worldwide. Since preindustrial times, the atmospheric concentration of CO2 has increased by over 40%, methane has increased by more than 150%, and nitrous oxide has increased by roughly 20%. More than half of the increase in CO2 has occurred since 1970. Increases in all three gases contribute to warming of Earth, with the increase in CO2 playing the largest role. "}], "question": "Are there more recent global changes in climate since 1885?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "CLAIM_IMG_0 was posted on Twitter on 18 Jun 2022. The graph only represents temperature, accumulation, and ice sheet elevation in central Greenland through the last deglacial transition. The years represented on the chart range from 7643 B.C. to 1885. Only using the temperature record for central Greenland cannot be representative for proving or disproving whether the earth is cooler today. There has been much more recent global changes in climate since 1885. The atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide have increased significantly since the Industrial Revolution began. The atmospheric concentration of CO2 has increased by over 40%, methane has increased by more than 150%, and nitrous oxide has increased by roughly 20%. More than half of the increase in CO2 has occurred since 1970. Increases in all three gases contribute to the warming of Earth, with the increase in CO2 playing the largest role.", "claim_text": "A graph proves that the earth is cooler today than it has been for the majority of the last 9500 years.", "claim_images": ["67cd076835531374f6d15e09#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "PeterDClack", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://twitter.com/PeterDClack/status/1538305390584418304", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Numerical Claim", "Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted", "Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221019122906/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.32LP2MJ", "date": "2022-10-11", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "On October 11, 2022", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221019110938/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/veteran-politician-mulayam-singh-yadav-passes-away-at-82-8199909/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When did Mulayam Singh Yadav pass away?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cd820535531374f6d22642#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Ashish Misra", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/ashish.misra.77/posts/5829753257076212", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is the young man in white in the image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cd820535531374f6d22642#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "\"Infinitely painful time of life\"", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/ashish.misra.77/posts/5829753257076212", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the caption on Ashish Misra's photo?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cd820535531374f6d22642#INPUT#3#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://x.com/ashimisra/status/1579843472873254918", "source_medium": "Image/graphic", "boolean_explanation": "On Twitter on October 11, 2022 with the caption \"Handing over the energy of those who were my energy is like a bolt of lightning for me.\""}], "question": "Did Ashish Misra post the photo elsewhere?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "11/10/2022", "source_url": "Metadata", "source_medium": "Metadata"}], "question": "When was the claim made? ", "answer_method": "Metadata", "question_type": ["Metadata-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "Tuesday, 15th April 2024.", "source_url": "https://www.thestatesman.com/uttar-pradesh/up-last-rites-of-mulayam-singh-yadav-in-his-ancestral-village-saifai-today-1503119943.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When is the funeral of veteran Indian politician Mulayam Singh Yadav? ", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The individual identified in the image is Ashish Misra, and the image was posted with a personal caption unrelated to Mulayam Singh Yadav. The image does not depict his cremation, and there is no consistent timeline matching the claim.", "claim_text": "An image shows the cremation of veteran Indian politician Mulayam Singh Yadav.", "claim_images": ["67cd820535531374f6d22642#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Anurag Yadav", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://perma.cc/Y743-FQNM", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240624092126/https://factly.in/photo-of-lal-singh-chaddhas-press-meet-in-chennai-is-being-shared-with-a-misleading-narrative/", "date": "2022-08-09", "label": "Refuted", "location": "", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67cd85b735531374f6d23144#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Sathyam Theatre", "source_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1k17awEnxA", "source_medium": "Video"}], "question": "What is the location of this image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cd85b735531374f6d23144#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Laal Singh Chaddha Tamil Pre Release Event", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230201114825/https://chennaieditor.com/latest-news/laal-singh-chaddha-tamil-pre-release-event/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the occasion of the image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "CLAIM_IMG_0 is a still from a YouTube video recorded at the Sathyam Theatre where Lal Singh Chaddha attended a Pre Release Event not the show premiere. Thus there may be unoccupied seats as far few people would attend a \"pre release event\".", "claim_text": " Image of Lal Singh Chaddha\u2019s premiere show where many seats are unoccupied.", "claim_images": ["67cd85b735531374f6d23144#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Justice for Sushant", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://www.facebook.com/TeamAamirKhanOfficial/posts/pfbid022z6umfiAe4xW2vGwXbDSASCM9xfHhGfRdUza2y53RwRaYm5sHWbnTDkobc1dyUJzl", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/Brijvaani/posts/pfbid02J2UNBLtncmiLVi4xMMvAWnTz6K7D5d3fcDaUjiYugXJ4GdexXiqz9mm4T9TFKpQHl", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery", "Reverse Image Search", "Image Analysis", "Video Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250115100219/https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2022/11/fact-check-photo-does-not-show-1000s-protesting-voter-fraud-in-2022-its-from-2016.html", "date": "2022-11-13", "label": "Refuted", "location": "", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67cd882235531374f6d239b6#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "March 14, 2016", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250116100053/https://www.thejournal.ie/brazil-protests-2-2658395-Mar2016/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cd882235531374f6d239b6#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Three million people joined an anti-government protest in Brazil and advocating the removal of Dilma Rousseff", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250116100053/https://www.thejournal.ie/brazil-protests-2-2658395-Mar2016/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What was the event shown in the image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "CLAIM_IMG_0 was published in the TheJournal on 14 Mar 2016 with the headline An incredible THREE MILLION people have joined an anti-government protest in Brazil. This protest was directed at the country\u2019s embattled president Dilma Rousseff amid an anti-corruption probe into the workings of her government.", "claim_text": "A photograph of a packed street in the city of Sao Paulo shows thousands of Brazilians protesting against alleged voter fraud after the country's 2022 presidential election.", "claim_images": ["67cd882235531374f6d239b6#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "stoyeranthony", "transcription": "This is Brazil Protesting Election Fraud", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "", "reporting_source": "Instagram", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240105135342/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.32JR8HX-1", "date": "2022-09-12", "label": "Refuted", "location": "", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67cd8be535531374f6d24a55#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "November 10, 2019", "source_url": "https://www.alamy.com/meghan-duchess-of-sussex-attends-the-annual-remembrance-sunday-memorial-at-the-cenotaph-in-london-on-november-10-2019-image446510588.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image of Meghan Markle first published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cd8be535531374f6d24a55#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Meghan, Duchess of Sussex attends the annual Remembrance Sunday Memorial at The Cenotaph in London", "source_url": "https://www.alamy.com/meghan-duchess-of-sussex-attends-the-annual-remembrance-sunday-memorial-at-the-cenotaph-in-london-on-november-10-2019-image446510588.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the occasion of the image of Markle?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cd8be535531374f6d24a55#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Remembrance Day Memorial in 1991", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/6CQD-FVY8", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the occasion of the image of Diana, Princess of Wales?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cd8be535531374f6d24a55#INPUT#3#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Image", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/6CQD-FVY8", "source_medium": "Image/graphic", "image_answers": ["67cd8be535531374f6d24a55#ANSWER#3#0#0.jpg"]}], "question": "What is the customary dress for women in the Royal Family on Remembrance Day?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "CLAIM_IMG_0 is a photo showing Duchess of Sussex Meghan Markle attending the annual Remembrance Sunday Memorial at The Cenotaph in London on November 10, 2019 having nothing to do with the death of Queen Elizabeth II.  CLAIM_IMG_1 is a photo of the late Princess Diana taken 9 Nov 1991 as she  watches the Remembrance Sunday ceremony at the Cenotaph. As shown in CLAIM_IMG_2 all women are dressed in very similar customary attire. ", "claim_text": "A photo shows Duchess of Sussex Meghan Markle copied a look from the late Princess Diana after Queen Elizabeth II's death.", "claim_images": ["67cd8be535531374f6d24a55#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67cd8be535531374f6d24a55#CLAIM#1.jpg", "67cd8be535531374f6d24a55#CLAIM#2.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Rainie Toll", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.ph/9Bjpk", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Consultation", "Reverse Image Search", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230201054443/https://www.vishvasnews.com/english/viral/fact-check-this-viral-picture-of-a-flooded-garment-showroom-is-from-patna-not-mumbai/", "date": "2022-07-07", "label": "Refuted", "location": "", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67cd8d3935531374f6d252b8#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "September 28, 2019", "source_url": "https://www.naidunia.com/national-pics-heavy-rain-in-bihar-patna-raymond-showroom-flooded-3169956", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cd8d3935531374f6d252b8#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Patna, not Mumbai", "source_url": "https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/india/bihar-jharkhand/rain-havoc-in-bihar-trains-canceled-water-entered-homes/579371", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the location of the image published on September 28, 2019?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "CLAIM_IMG_0 was published on 28 Sep 2019 stating water entered Raymond showroom in Patna not Mumbai.", "claim_text": "A picture shows a flooded garment showroom in Mumbai after rain.", "claim_images": ["67cd8d3935531374f6d252b8#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Jose Rosario Francis DSouza", "transcription": "Monsoon offer swimming suits Raymond Borivali Mumbai", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220717031007/https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=5529346177089274&set=a.485978174759458", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Media Source Discovery", "Reverse Image Search", "Video Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250115094906/https://factly.in/this-photo-of-the-sri-lankan-flag-being-displayed-on-burj-khalifa-was-not-taken-after-the-teams-victory-in-the-2022-asia-cup/", "date": "2022-09-07", "label": "Refuted", "location": "", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67cd8f4835531374f6d25b1b#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "April 25, 2019", "source_url": "https://www.gettyimages.in/detail/news-photo/picture-taken-on-april-25-2019-shows-the-gulf-emirates-burj-news-photo/1139311933?adppopup=true", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cd8f4835531374f6d25b1b#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://www.gettyimages.in/detail/news-photo/picture-taken-on-april-25-2019-shows-the-gulf-emirates-burj-news-photo/1139311933?adppopup=true", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "A picture taken on April 25, 2019 shows the Gulf emirate's Burj Khalifa, the world's tallest skyscraper, lit with an image of Sri Lanka's national flag in solidarity with the country following the April 21 \"terrorist\" attacks against hotels and churches celebrating Easter that killed more than 200 people. (Photo by Giuseppe CACACE / AFP) (Photo by GIUSEPPE CACACE/AFP via Getty Images)"}], "question": "Does the image published on April 25, 2019 contain a caption?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "CLAIM_IMG_0 was taken on 25 Apr 2019 showing the Gulf emirate's Burj Khalifa lit with an image of Sri Lanka's national flag in solidarity with the country following the April 21 \"terrorist\" attacks against hotels and churches celebrating Easter that killed more than 200 people. The photo was taken by  GIUSEPPE CACACE/AFP via Getty Images.", "claim_text": "Photo shows the Sri Lankan flag being displayed on the Burj Khalifa tower after their cricket team won the 2022 Asia Cup.\n\n", "claim_images": ["67cd8f4835531374f6d25b1b#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "S N A P", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250115172158/https://stream24.ilsole24ore.com/gallery/casa/dubai-vendita-pezzo-torre-piu-alta-mondo/ACClP77", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/snap2020/photos/a.447828779102644/1181287189090129/", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Media Source Discovery", "Reverse Image Search", "Keyword Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241220225906/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.32NH94D", "date": "2022-11-10", "label": "Refuted", "location": "", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "In 2022, Katie Hobbs was a candidate for Arizona governor", "source_url": "https://www.cnn.com/2022/01/15/politics/katie-hobbs-arizona-governor-termination-case/index.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is Katie Hobbs?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cd934835531374f6d26bf1#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://archive.ph/75GT2", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The person in the image is an election observer"}], "question": "Is the person in the image Katie Hobbs?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "Katie Hobbs was a candidate for Arizona governor in 2022. A tweet dated 10 Nov 2022 posted by Maricopa County showing the original post of CLAIM_IMG_0 by GolddiggerPatriot states that not everyone who wears glasses is Katie Hobbs. Maricopa County confirms the person in the photo is a party observer and not Katie Hobbs.", "claim_text": "An image shows Arizona Secretary of State Katie Hobbs, the Democratic candidate for governor in the US state, watching ballot-counting the morning after the midterms.", "claim_images": ["67cd934835531374f6d26bf1#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "", "reporting_source": "", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Video Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240614144510/https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2022/10/fact-check-ukrainian-generals-bracelet-does-not-feature-swastika-its-a-motif-called-solomons-knot.html", "date": "2022-10-09", "label": "Refuted", "location": "", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67cd95af35531374f6d27462#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "In knot theory, it is known as L4a1 or \"Solomon's Knot.\"", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20231125164322/http://katlas.math.toronto.edu/wiki/L4a1", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the charm on the bracelet worn by General Valery Zaluzhnyi?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "RT.com is considered by the U.S. as a propaganda arm of the Russian government.", "source_url": "https://www.dni.gov/files/documents/ICA_2017_01.pdf", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the claim speaker RT.com?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Metadata-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "This design has been discovered in numerous churches all over Europe. Although it is an ancient symbol, appearing upon Roman mosaics from as early as the 4th century, it appears to have been adopted as a Christian symbol, appearing on a number of early fonts and stonework \u2013 such as the superb example located today at Sculthorpe church.  Although not as common a discovery as many of the other ritual protections marks it does appear in a number of widely spread churches, suggesting that its meaning and symbolism was widely understood.\n\n\n\nIt has been suggested that it relates back to the story of Solomon\u2019s Knot in the Old Testament, in which King Solomon was given a ring by an archangel, inscribed with a powerful symbol that gave him power over demons. The folk belief associated this symbol, shown sometimes as a Star of David, Pentangle or \u2018endless knot\u2019, was that demons were curious \u2013 and rather stupid. If they saw a line then they had to follow it. In the case of the Solomon\u2019s knot the line was effectively endless \u2013 trapping the demon within the symbol itself.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20160316132456/https://www.medieval-graffiti.co.uk/page17.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is Solomon's knot?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cd95af35531374f6d27462#INPUT#3#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Viking Bracelet", "source_url": "https://www.etsy.com/uk/listing/467558980/odin-sleipnir-hugin-munin-silver-plated", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What type of bracelet is this? ", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": " General Valery Zaluzhnyi\u2019s bracelet does not feature a Nazi insignia. The charm is identified as a \"Solomon's Knot,\" an ancient symbol with no ties to Nazi imagery. It is also described as a Viking bracelet, which further contradicts the claim.", "claim_text": "Commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, Gen. Valery Zaluzhnyi, wore a bracelet with a Nazi insignia?", "claim_images": ["67cd95af35531374f6d27462#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "rt.com", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240620085415/https://www.rt.com/russia/564358-ukraine-commander-swastika-bracelet/", "reporting_source": "rt.com", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230929062945/https://www.altnews.in/circular-prohibiting-protest-in-parliament-house-is-not-new/", "date": "2022-07-14", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67cd972d35531374f6d27cd3#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://x.com/sardesairajdeep/status/1547853897942716416", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The rule existed as far back as 2009 and was issued by both the houses of Parliament."}], "question": "Had the rule prohibiting protests previously existed in Parliament?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "15/07/2022", "source_url": "Metadata", "source_medium": "Metadata"}], "question": "When was the claim made? ", "answer_method": "Metadata", "question_type": ["Metadata-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Reacting to the latest order that stated that no dharna will be allowed in Parliament, NCP Chief Sharad Pawar said that there is no such restriction.\n\n\u201cWe have received a statement from Parliament speaker that there is no such restriction. Leaders of all political parties will sit together tomorrow in Delhi and discuss,\u201d Sharad Pawar said in Nagpur.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220719084825/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/received-statement-no-such-restriction-sharad-pawar-no-protest-parliament-order-1975921-2022-07-15", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Are there restrictions on protest in Parliament? ", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cd972d35531374f6d27cd3#INPUT#3#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221207135118/https://rajyasabha.nic.in/Today/BulletinTwo/58617", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "It was issues in 2019. "}, {"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221207134550/https://rajyasabha.nic.in/Today/BulletinTwo/59705", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "It was issues in 2020. "}], "question": "Has the decree been issues before?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The rule prohibiting protests in the Indian Parliament has existed since at least 2009. Therefore, the claim that it is new is inaccurate.", "claim_text": "Indian Parliamentary  circular prohibiting protests in Parliament house is new.", "claim_images": ["67cd972d35531374f6d27cd3#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@ManishTewari", "transcription": "Members cannot use the precincts of the Parliament House for any Deomnstration, Dharma, Strike, Fast, or for the purpose of performing any religious ceremony. Kind cooperation of Members is Solicited", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://x.com/ManishTewari/status/1547812127758753792", "reporting_source": "X ", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Keyword Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230321110532/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.32LT4GN", "date": "2022-10-16", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Page 7 of the United States Postal Service's Guide on State and Local Election Mail  states, \"Shortpaid and Unpaid Absentee Balloting Materials:\nShortpaid and unpaid absentee balloting materials will not be returned to the voter for additional postage.\nPostage is collected from the election office upon\ndelivery or at a later date. The Postal Service will not\ndelay delivery of balloting materials with insufficient\npostage.\"", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221021152328/https://about.usps.com/publications/pub632.pdf?_gl=1*lgpvc6*_ga*MTk3MjQxOTM2Mi4xNjY2MTg4OTg4*_ga_3NXP3C8S9V*MTY2NjIwOTUwMS4yLjEuMTY2NjIwOTU4MC4wLjAuMA..", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Are ballots without sufficient postage returned to voters?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "Publication 632 - State and Local Election Mail - User's Guide states, \"Shortpaid and Unpaid Absentee Balloting Materials:\nShortpaid and unpaid absentee balloting materials will\nnot be returned to the voter for additional postage. Postage is collected from the election office upon\ndelivery or at a later date. The Postal Service will not delay delivery of balloting materials with insufficient postage.", "claim_text": "The USPS will not deliver absentee ballots if insufficient postage has been paid.", "claim_images": ["67cd98e835531374f6d28544#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Anna Stensland Petersen", "transcription": "Alaska Absentee voter trickery: will a single USPS 1st class stamp delivery your ballot? NO. Will DOE will pay the postage due? NO. Will your vote still count? NO. #NoNo1000TimesNO. Get the message? #T...", "media_source": "https://archive.ph/sKQ07/63b19813990dbe3bdae7e4452dda8f11ee98d92b.jpg", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.ph/sKQ07", "reporting_source": "facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted"], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240522023537/https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2022/12/fact-check-clint-eastwood-not-on-life-support-after-deadly-ligma-virus-spreads-through-body.html", "date": "2022-12-28", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The World Health Organization does not listed a virus called ligma virus.", "source_url": "https://www.who.int/health-topics", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is ligma virus?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clint_Eastwood_filmography", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "A Wikipedia page of Eastwood's filmography shows Eastwood is living as of 2025."}], "question": "Is Clint Eastwood alive as of 2025?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim was made on 27 Dec 2022. The World Health Organization does not site ligma virus on their website as a condition or disease. There is no evidence provided that Clint Eastwood was/was not hospitalized in Dec 2022. Clint Eastwood is alive 2025. ", "claim_text": "Clint Eastwood is on life support after deadly ligma virus spreads through his body.", "claim_images": ["67cd9c0e35531374f6d29071#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67cd9c0e35531374f6d29071#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221229212311im_/https://thecareerbd.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/maxresdefault.jpg", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230112151139/https://thecareerbd.com/clint-eastwood-on-life-support-after-the-deadly-ligma-virus-spreads-through-his-body-june-10-202/?fbclid=IwAR0Xi5th20oF86p5b2rrABNzkWIvYq_v4EVGk9uB3XwcEDnbEswuLzQrl1E", "reporting_source": "thecareerbd.com", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted"], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240719021548/https://factly.in/an-unrelated-image-is-falsely-shared-as-shivalinga-engraved-on-the-oldest-arabian-mosque/", "date": "2022-07-09", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_the_oldest_mosques", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "No mosque named Rasa or Raasa is listed among the world's oldest mosques."}], "question": "Is there an old mosque called Rasa or Raasa?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Karnataka, India", "source_url": "https://x.com/RAJUHallur/status/721406418130046976", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where is the structure likely located?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "Wikipedia does not list a mosque called Rasa on their List of the oldest mosques and no evidence is provided where this mosque is located.", "claim_text": "A Shivalinga and two Nandis (bulls) were engraved on the Rasa, (Arab world\u2019s oldest mosque.)", "claim_images": ["67cd9e0235531374f6d298ec#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Ram Mehta", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://scontent-man2-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/471256618_1528834897803667_2866511708746222730_n.jpg?_nc_cat=109&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=aa7b47&_nc_ohc=bTg4b5ksLpgQ7kNvgGVE4M2&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-man2-1.xx&_nc_gid=AJNKALd36xWtET-ZGIdtXfD&oh=00_AYBES1BM1icm8CTVblHUX1edlnSgvVZzH-QCrMYneIRRyg&oe=67A40E09", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=1007666819920480&set=gm.1467101607139821", "reporting_source": "facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search", "Keyword Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240525205522/https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2022/09/fact-check-wisconsin-pride-festival-was-not-just-handing-out-letters-for-readiness-for-gender-affirmation-surgery.html", "date": "2022-08-22", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "It is a letter that states an individual is psychologically ready for gender affirming surgery and has met the official criteria for the type of surgery requested.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240319121759/https://www.uwhealth.org/files/uwhealth/docs/chartwell_pdf/FINAL_GS-414353-19_Gender_Services_Letter_of_Readiness_Flier.pdf", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is a Letter of Readiness?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "Only a mental health professional with at least a Master's degree can write a Letter of Readiness after extensive consultation and counseling with the patient.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240319121759/https://www.uwhealth.org/files/uwhealth/docs/chartwell_pdf/FINAL_GS-414353-19_Gender_Services_Letter_of_Readiness_Flier.pdf", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who can provide a Letter of Readiness?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "There is a process for obtaining a Letter of Readiness for gender affirmation surgery. The World Professional Association for Transgender Health (WPATH)\nstandards of care has requirements to obtain a  letter of readiness for gender affirming surgeries. One of the requirements is \u2022 Mental health professionals with at least a master's degree can write the letters of readiness (not an endocrinologist or a primary care provider). These letter would not be handed out at a Pride festival.", "claim_text": "Letters of Readiness for gender affirmation Surgery' were available for free at the Madison, Wisconsin Pride festival  for those identifying as trans or non-binary.", "claim_images": ["67cda01135531374f6d2a16b#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "libsoftiktokofficial", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://www.instagram.com/p/Chm1rgBuiYi/", "reporting_source": "Instagram", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted"], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240918223220/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2022/11/21/fact-check-launches-earth-moon-require-different-approaches/8247841001/", "date": "2022-05-25", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241007170923/https://www.nasa.gov/the-apollo-program", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Extensive documentation of the Apollo space program, including the photos and videos made by astronauts, and lunar rock samples exist."}], "question": "Is there documentation of space travel to prove that it is real?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The short-lived atmosphere of the moon \u2014 estimated to have lasted approximately 70 million years \u2014 was comprised primarily of carbon monoxide, sulfur and water. As volcanic activity declined, the release of the gases also declined. What atmosphere existed was either lost to space or became part of the surface of the Moon. The absence of an atmosphere would make propulsion different on the moon than on Earth.", "source_url": "https://www.nasa.gov/solar-system/an-atmosphere-around-the-moon-nasa-research-suggests-significant-atmosphere-in-lunar-past-and-possible-source-of-lunar-water/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Does the moon have an atmosphere like Earth's?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "NASA.com provides extensive documentation of the space program. The absence of an atmosphere would make propulsion different on the moon than on Earth. The short-lived atmosphere of the moon \u2014 estimated to have lasted approximately 70 million years \u2014 was comprised primarily of carbon monoxide, sulfur and water. As volcanic activity declined, the release of the gases also declined. What atmosphere existed was either lost to space or became part of the surface of the Moon.", "claim_text": "Different appearances of launch sites on the Moon compared to the  Earth prove space isn't real", "claim_images": ["67cda30035531374f6d2af4e#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "flatworldlogic", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://www.instagram.com/p/CeBlV-ZuEwF/?utm_source=ig_embed&ig_rid=bd243929-3d9d-40d2-8ff5-eb04d7f4b549", "reporting_source": "Instagram", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted"], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241219072942/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.32E93WG", "date": "2022-06-24", "label": "Refuted", "location": "", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67cda71235531374f6d2dc80#INPUT#0#0.jpg", "67cda71235531374f6d2dc80#INPUT#0#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "United Kingdom, among others", "source_url": "https://lite.evernote.com/note/39704db2-ee3f-4ee3-bc46-59ca88432932", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "In what location have these images been posted?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Zimbabwe", "source_url": "https://x.com/brandon__alter/status/1540448424306397184", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where did the posts about the two dangerous men originate from?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cda71235531374f6d2dc80#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Patrick Kosolo, 33, is wanted by Enfield Police for grievous bodily harm. ", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220714022153/https://www.enfieldindependent.co.uk/news/11693954.enfield-man-one-of-londons-most-wanted/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is the man on the right? ", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cda71235531374f6d2dc80#INPUT#3#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Ozgur Demir\n\n Demir is wanted in connection with conspiracy to supply 17.83 kg of diamorphine. Three others have already been convicted in connection with this offence.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241208211848/https://www.nationalcrimeagency.gov.uk/most-wanted/ozgur-demir", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is the man on the left? ", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "England", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220714022153/https://www.enfieldindependent.co.uk/news/11693954.enfield-man-one-of-londons-most-wanted/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What country is Patrick Kosolo wanted in? ", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "National Crime Agency's wanted list in the UK. ", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241208211848/https://www.nationalcrimeagency.gov.uk/most-wanted/ozgur-demir", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Which wanted list is Ozgur Demir on? ", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim that the post warns U.S. residents about two armed and dangerous men pretending to be homeless is not supported by the evidence. The individuals shown in the images are wanted in the UK (Patrick Kosolo for grievous bodily harm, Ozgur Demir for drug-related charges) and are listed on UK-based wanted lists. There is no indication these men were involved in crimes in the U.S., contradicting the original claim", "claim_text": "A post warns U.S. residents to be on the lookout for two armed and dangerous men, showing mugshots of individuals who allegedly pretend to be homeless while they prowl neighbourhoods and launch attacks.", "claim_images": ["67cda71235531374f6d2dc80#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67cda71235531374f6d2dc80#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "", "transcription": "These 2 men go around claiming to be homeless, seeking help, then they attack you,\u201d the captions read. \u201cThey are on the run and they are very dangerous. They attacked a 33 year old single mom with a knife 2 days ago leaving her struggling for her life. If you see them please report to the police and be careful. Warn others", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://lite.evernote.com/note/39704db2-ee3f-4ee3-bc46-59ca88432932", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Media Source Discovery", "Reverse Image Search", "Keyword Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted", "Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240418010730/https://www.newsweek.com/fact-check-ukraine-military-aid-russia-defense-budget-1756393", "date": "2022-11-01", "label": "Refuted", "location": "UA", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The original defense budget in 2022 was 3.85 trillion rubles ($63.6 billion), and the true amount for Russian defense spending in 2022 may well reach as much as 5.5 trillion rubles ($90.9 billion) by the end of the year (Budget.gov.ru, May 2022).", "source_url": "https://jamestown.org/program/russias-skyrocketing-defense-spending-2022-2023/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is Russia's defense budget for 2022?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "In total, since the beginning of the hot phase of the war, Western partners have provided Ukraine with \u20ac7.29 billion in military assistance, which is 68.71% of the promised \u20ac10.61 billion.", "source_url": "https://mezha.media/en/2022/06/21/ukraine-support-tracker-which-countries-keep-their-promises-100/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "How much aid had Ukraine received as of June, 2022?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "As stated by the Jamestown Foundation the original defense budget in 2022 for Russia was $63.6 billion, but the true amount in 2022 could reach as much as $90.9 billion by the end of the year. Per the Kiel Institute of World Economy, as of June 2022, the Ukraine has received from Western allies, \u20ac7.29 billion in military assistance, which is 68.71% of the promised \u20ac10.61 billion.", "claim_text": "The Ukraine military aid is worth 86% of 2022 Russia's defense budget.  ", "claim_images": ["67cdb0e735531374f6d32e71#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@SergiyKyslytsya", "transcription": "\u20ac41.3 Ukraine has received or will receive soon as military aid This is 7.6 times bigger than the military budget of Ukraine in 2022 This is 86% of Russia's military budget in 2022", "media_source": "https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FgeVUNNXkAACSXE?format=jpg&name=large", "original_claim_url": "https://x.com/SergiyKyslytsya/status/1587401575663804416?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Numerical Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Numerical Comparison"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted"], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240522173059/https://factly.in/2017-photo-of-amir-khan-performing-aarti-at-navratri-festival-is-linked-to-his-recently-released-film-laal-singh-chaddha/", "date": "2022-08-23", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67cdb29e35531374f6d33702#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "2017", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220905112411/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/photos/picture-perfect-aamir-khan-celebrates-his-first-garba-vadodara-387829", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "2022", "source_url": "https://www.dharmadispatch.in/commentary/lal-singh-chaddha-in-which-aamir-khans-politics-has-roasted-him", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was Laal Singh Chaddha released?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "CLAIM_IMG_0 was first published 26 Sep 2017 in Pinkvilla stating Aamir Khan was today clicked in Vadodara, where he is celebrating his first garba. He was seen performing aarti on the grand occasion of Durga Puja. In Aug 2022, the Dharma Dispatch refers to his upcoming film, Lal Singh Chaddha.", "claim_text": "Picture of Aamir Khan performing aarti after the failure of his recently released film Laal Singh Chaddha.", "claim_images": ["67cdb29e35531374f6d33702#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Anil Rana", "transcription": "\u092b\u091f\u0940 \u0924\u094b \u092c\u094b\u0932\u093e \u0939\u093e\u091c\u092e\u094b\u0932\u093e, \u092f\u0947 \u0924\u094b \u092a\u0940\u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0947 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0925\u093e \u0915\u093f \u092a\u0942\u091c\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u092c\u0947\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0948 \u092e\u0902\u0926\u093f\u0930\u094b \u092e\u0947 \u0938\u092c \u0917\u0902\u0926\u093e \u0927\u0902\u0927\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0926\u0942\u0927 \u091c\u0932 \u091a\u0922\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0917\u0932\u0924 \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u094b \u0905\u092c \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0906? \u092e\u0942\u0935\u0940 \u092a\u093f\u091f\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0940 \u0939\u093e\u0925 \u092e\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u091c\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0925\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0906 \u0917\u092f\u0940\u0964", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220823111156/https://scontent-sjc3-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/300931829_820337058959610_204504190316165799_n.jpg?_nc_cat=111&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=730e14&_nc_ohc=4p5Njv-9boQAX9oldMh&_nc_ht=scontent-sjc3-1.xx&oh=00_AT9j9XZpClTUJ0ov8Dfh0lD23byn-aRoIoLAZGB3YLCShQ&oe=630A9B93", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220823111156/https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=820337005626282&set=a.793698071623509", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240528075550/https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2022/12/fact-check-black-eyes-of-famous-people-not-caused-by-covid-vaccine.html", "date": "2022-11-28", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "December, 2020", "source_url": "https://www.ncdhhs.gov/news/press-releases/2020/12/30/ncdhhs-shares-updated-rollout-plan-covid-19-vaccinations", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When were Covid-19 vaccines begun in the U.S.?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.healthline.com/health/can-covid-cause-blepharitis", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The Covid-19 vaccine may cause blepharitis, which can cause your eyelids to become itchy, irritated, swollen, or feel like they\u2019re burning, but it does not cause black eyes."}], "question": "Does the Covid-19 vaccine cause black eyes?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "2017", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240330033642/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/pope-francis-black-eye-popemobile-hit-head-cartagena-columbia-catholic-a7940186.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When did Pope Francis have a black eye?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": []}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "2002", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240114144719/https://www.nydailynews.com/2016/01/12/president-george-w-bush-fainted-after-choking-on-a-pretzel-in-2002/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When did George Bush have a black eye?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "2017", "source_url": "https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation-now/2017/07/16/sen-john-mccain-undergoes-surgery-blood-clot-above-eye/482392001/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When did John McCain have a black eye?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "2011", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230203065536/https://www.eonline.com/news/262410/reese_witherspoon_hit_by_car_treated", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When did Reese Witherspoon have a black eye?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The COVID vaccine became available in Dec 2020.  The Covid-19 vaccine may cause blepharitis, which can cause your eyelids to become itchy, irritated, swollen, or feel like they\u2019re burning, but it does not cause black eyes. The black eyes of the famous people were caused by various incidents but not the COVID vaccine, i.e, Pope Francis hit his head on the popemobile in 2017; John McCain had surgery for a blood clot above his eye in 2017; Reese Witherspoon was hit by a car in 2011; George W. Bush fainted in 2002.", "claim_text": "Black eyes of the famous people were caused by the COVID vaccine. ", "claim_images": ["67cdb55235531374f6d33fa1#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67cdb55235531374f6d33fa1#CLAIM#1.jpg", "67cdb55235531374f6d33fa1#CLAIM#2.jpg", "67cdb55235531374f6d33fa1#CLAIM#3.jpg", "67cdb55235531374f6d33fa1#CLAIM#4.jpg", "67cdb55235531374f6d33fa1#CLAIM#5.jpg", "67cdb55235531374f6d33fa1#CLAIM#6.jpg", "67cdb55235531374f6d33fa1#CLAIM#7.jpg", "67cdb55235531374f6d33fa1#CLAIM#8.jpg", "67cdb55235531374f6d33fa1#CLAIM#9.jpg", "67cdb55235531374f6d33fa1#CLAIM#10.jpg", "67cdb55235531374f6d33fa1#CLAIM#11.jpg", "67cdb55235531374f6d33fa1#CLAIM#12.jpg", "67cdb55235531374f6d33fa1#CLAIM#13.jpg", "67cdb55235531374f6d33fa1#CLAIM#14.jpg", "67cdb55235531374f6d33fa1#CLAIM#15.jpg", "67cdb55235531374f6d33fa1#CLAIM#16.jpg", "67cdb55235531374f6d33fa1#CLAIM#17.jpg", "67cdb55235531374f6d33fa1#CLAIM#18.jpg", "67cdb55235531374f6d33fa1#CLAIM#19.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "giovannivillella", "transcription": "THE BLACK EYE CLUB Who is punching them? Charlie Ros Barack Obama Pope Francis Robert Downey Jr. John Kerry George W. Bush Kanye West Ben Affleck Harry Reid Stephen Colbert Prince Philip John McCain Reese Witherspoon Sir Richard Branson Ryan Gosling Madonna", "media_source": "https://www.instagram.com/p/Clhax4BBfi6/", "original_claim_url": "https://www.instagram.com/p/Clhax4BBfi6/", "reporting_source": "Instagram", "claim_types": ["Causal Claim", "Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery", "Image Analysis", "Fact-checker Reference"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted", "Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240703095709/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.32GR9TK", "date": "2022-07-30", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67cdb71c35531374f6d34848#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://archive.ph/hrVtq", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "\"The post regarding a child abduction attempt in Bradford is unfounded and has been sourced to a Facebook account that has made the same post in multiple cities in the United States.\"\n"}], "question": "Have police in Canada commented on the Facebook posts about a child abduction?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cdb71c35531374f6d34848#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220831182641/https://franklinobserver.town.news/g/franklin-town-ma/n/114697/police-warn-facebook-abduction-scam", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "\u201cA Facebook post on the Franklin MA Virtual Yard Sale group has been brought to our attention alleging a potential child abduction yesterday The Facebook post states the child ran away from the attempted abduction and the incident was reported to the police. This post had over 75 shares. After looking into the matter we can confidently say this post is a SCAM. No incident similar to this was reported to the FPD. The poster, Nobuhle Magutshwa, posted the same post on various Facebook groups all around the country. Other activity on her Facebook page is consistent with other social media scams. In the future, any urgent public safety matters like will be shared immediately by the FPD social media accounts.\u201d"}], "question": "Have police in the U.S. commented on the Facebook posts about a child abduction?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "A release dated 16 Aug 2022 from the South Simcoe Police Service in Canada is advising the public that a post on a Bradford Buy and Sell Facebook group is a hoax. The post regarding a child abduction attempt in Bradford is unfounded and has been sourced to a Facebook account that has made the same post in multiple cities in the United States. The Franklin Police Department in Franklin Town, MA posted 1 Aug 2022 \u201cA Facebook post on the Franklin MA Virtual Yard Sale group has been brought to our attention alleging a potential child abduction yesterday. The Facebook post states the child ran away from the attempted abduction and the incident was reported to the police. This post had over 75 shares. After looking into the matter we can confidently say this post is a SCAM. No incident similar to this was reported to the FPD. The poster, Nobuhle Magutshwa, posted the same post on various Facebook groups all around the country. Other activity on her Facebook page is consistent with other social media scams.\"", "claim_text": "A girl was nearly abducted while playing in her yard in US and Canada in 2022. ", "claim_images": ["67cdb71c35531374f6d34848#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67cdb71c35531374f6d34848#CLAIM#1.jpg", "67cdb71c35531374f6d34848#CLAIM#2.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Lessie Nyamakambo (Flinoh)", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted", "Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241224092914/https://www.newsweek.com/china-us-defense-spending-military-1777128", "date": "2022-01-24", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67cf175535531374f6d5ff22#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "There are two Y-axes; along the left spending is tracked up to $300 billion, and on the right up to $1 trillion, with the X-axis measuring spending each year from 1992-2021.\n\n"}], "question": "What do all the axes in the graph from the 0-th image represent?", "answer_method": "Image Analysis", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cf175535531374f6d5ff22#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "China is charted along the left Y axis, America on the right, showing that the U.S. spent around $500 billion more in 2021."}], "question": "Based on the graph in the 0-th image, how much higher was the US military spending compared to China's spending?", "answer_method": "Image Analysis", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cf175535531374f6d5ff22#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The U.S. had by far the largest military budget at $767.8 billion in 2021, but China\u2019s outlay was also quite large at $270 billion. In comparison, the other four nations had more modest outlays, ranging from Saudi Arabia\u2019s $53.8 billion to India\u2019s $73.6 billion", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241115221239/https://www.stlouisfed.org/on-the-economy/2023/jan/military-expenditures-how-top-spending-nations-compare?utm_source=twitter&utm_medium=SM&utm_content=stlouisfed&utm_campaign=6523ac23-99f1-4e66-841c-c96254ef6d47", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What did the original source say about the data in the graph (0-th image)?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Text-related", "Image-related"]}], "justification": "Based on the information in CLAIM_IMG_0 published by the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis on 3 Jan 2023, China's spending is tracked on the left Y-axes and the US spending is tracked on the right Y-axes. It shows that the US spent approximately $500B more than China on defense in 2021. The article also states that the U.S. had by far the largest military budget at $767.8 billion in 2021, but China\u2019s outlay was also quite large at $270 billion.", "claim_text": "China spends more on defense than the U.S.", "claim_images": ["67cf175535531374f6d5ff22#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "gay_commie_", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230206163900/https://www.reddit.com/r/socialism/comments/10kkilr/blatant_deception/", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230206163900/https://www.reddit.com/r/socialism/comments/10kkilr/blatant_deception/", "reporting_source": "Reddit", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Numerical Comparison"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230701204354/https://fullfact.org/online/injured-dog-balham/", "date": "2023-02-28", "label": "Refuted", "location": "GB", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67cf227e35531374f6d6482e#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The image was used in a January 31, 2018 local news report by Williamsburg Yorktown Daily (Virginia) regarding a dog that passed away after being boarded at a kennel.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230716234523/https://wydaily.com/news/local/2018/01/31/after-charges-dropped-dismissed-against-kennel-owner-puppy-fenways-fight-isnt-over/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Can the 1-th image be linked to anything else?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cf227e35531374f6d6482e#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Fenway, shown in the photo at Emergency Animal\nServices in Yorktown [Virginia], was brought in with a severe cut\nover his eye. The dog was covered in mud and\nhad other injuries around his neck and face.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230716234523/https://wydaily.com/news/local/2018/01/31/after-charges-dropped-dismissed-against-kennel-owner-puppy-fenways-fight-isnt-over/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What did the local news report state about the dog in the 1-th image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cf227e35531374f6d6482e#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "A Sep. 2 2017 report by local Virginia news station WDBJ7.com stated \"A week after being severely injured at a Newport News boarding kennel, Fenway the dog has passed away.\"", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230701204354/https://www.wdbj7.com/content/news/Dog-dies-from-injuries-reportedly-suffered-at-Newport-News-boarding-kennel-442549493.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What happened to the dog in the 0-th image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "CLAIM_IMG_0 was published on 2 Sep 2017 by WBDJ7 saying, A week after being severely injured at a Newport News boarding kennel, Fenway the dog has passed away. CLAIM_IMG_1 was published in the Williamsburg Yorktown Daily Newspaper (Virginia) on 31 Jan 2018 with the caption, Fenway, shown in the photo at Emergency Animal Services in Yorktown, was brought in with a severe cut over his eye. The dog was covered in mud and had other injuries around his neck and face. This articles headline was, After charges dropped, dismissed against kennel owner, puppy Fenway\u2019s \u2018fight isn\u2019t over.\n", "claim_text": "A photograph shows a dog found injured following a hit and run in Balham in south London", "claim_images": ["67cf227e35531374f6d6482e#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67cf227e35531374f6d6482e#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://wydaily.com/latest/local/2018/01/31/after-charges-dropped-dismissed-against-kennel-owner-puppy-fenways-fight-isnt-over/", "original_claim_url": "", "reporting_source": "", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240805043237/https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2023/01/fact-check-polio-not-caused-by-ddt-vaccine-is-key-to-eradication.html", "date": "2023-01-22", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Polio has existed since prehistoric times \u2013 ancient Egyptian images show children walking with canes, with withered limbs characteristic of the disease. \n\nWhile it affected children around the world for millennia, the first known clinical description of polio, by British doctor Michael Underwood, was not until 1789, and it was formally recognized as a condition in 1840 by German physician Jakob Heine.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240804190122/https://www.who.int/news-room/spotlight/history-of-vaccination/history-of-polio-vaccination", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "How long has polio existed?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "DDT (Dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane), for many years one of the most widely used pesticidal chemicals in the United States, was first synthesized in 1874. Its effectiveness as an insecticide, however, was only discovered in 1939. Shortly thereafter, particularly during World War II, the U.S. began producing large quantities of DDT for control of vector-borne diseases such as typhus and malaria abroad.\n\nAfter 1945, agricultural and commercial usage of DDT became widespread in the U.S.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240923130917/https://www.epa.gov/archive/epa/aboutepa/ddt-regulatory-history-brief-survey-1975.html#:~:text=Background,was%20only%20discovered%20in%201939.", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "How long had DDT existed?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230201112556/https://www.cdc.gov/biomonitoring/DDT_FactSheet.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "According to the CDC, Human health effects from DDT at low environmental doses are unknown. Following exposure to high doses, human symptoms can include vomiting, tremors or shakiness, and seizures. Laboratory animal studies show DDT exposure can affect the liver and reproduction. DDT is a possible human carcinogen according to U.S. and International authorities.\n\nPolio is not listed as one of those risks."}], "question": "Is polio one of the known health risks of DDT?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "It is caused by the poliovirus", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240814101908/https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd/polio/index.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What causes polio?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Thanks to massive vaccination campaigns around the world, polio cases dropped by 99% since the late 1980s and, until recently, remained endemic in only two countries. ", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240911232706/https://publichealth.jhu.edu/2022/polio-in-the-us", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Why have polio cases dropped since the late 1980s?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "Polio existed long before the use of DDT became wide-spread in 1945. According to the CDC, Human health effects from DDT at low environmental doses are unknown. Following exposure to high doses, human symptoms can include vomiting, tremors or shakiness, and seizures. Laboratory animal studies show DDT exposure can affect the liver and reproduction. DDT is a possible human carcinogen according to U.S. and International authorities. Polo is not listed as a result of DDT use. Polio is caused by the poliovirus. According to Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, massive vaccination campaigns around the world, polio cases dropped by 99% since the late 1980s and, until recently, remained endemic in only two countries.\n", "claim_text": "Polio cases dropped sharply as the result of banning the use of DDT", "claim_images": ["67cf624435531374f6d6e004#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@Man_with_a_van", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230614192223/https://www.instagram.com/p/CnuzEPxOzs5/?utm_source=ig_embed&utm_campaign=loading", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230614192223/https://www.instagram.com/p/CnuzEPxOzs5/?utm_source=ig_embed&utm_campaign=loading", "reporting_source": "Instagram", "claim_types": ["Causal Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230308190625/https://fullfact.org/online/ed-sheeran-fugitive/", "date": "2023-03-01", "label": "Refuted", "location": "GB", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67cf66f035531374f6d72db9#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Andrew Campbell", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210528161335/https://www.cheshire-live.co.uk/news/chester-cheshire-news/chester-drug-dealer-attempted-fool-17652215", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the name of the man in the 0-th image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Andrew Campbell, of Fairford Road in Chester, was locked up for four years and three months at Chester Crown Court on Monday, January 21.\n\nCampbell, 38, was detained after he was seen on Wednesday, September 27, 2018, dealing drugs.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210528161335/https://www.cheshire-live.co.uk/news/chester-cheshire-news/chester-drug-dealer-attempted-fool-17652215", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What did the news report say about Andrew Campbells arrest?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "CLAIM_IMG_0 was published on 30 Jan 2020 by CheshireLive stating, Andrew Campbell, of Fairford Road in Chester, was locked up for four years and three months at Chester Crown Court on Monday, January 21. Campbell, 38, was detained after he was seen on Wednesday, September 27, 2018, dealing drugs.", "claim_text": "A man named Ronnie Williams is wanted by Merseyside Police for fraud after posing as Ed Sheeran and taking money from churches in exchange for performances.", "claim_images": ["67cf66f035531374f6d72db9#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Life In Liverpool", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://www.facebook.com/allinliverpool/photos/a.10152389620579478/10162765228294478/?type=3&theater", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/allinliverpool/photos/a.10152389620579478/10162765228294478/?type=3&theater", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Satirical Source Identification"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230608060822/https://newsmobile.in/articles/2023/03/15/fact-check-does-these-images-show-items-recovered-by-ed-from-the-house-of-lalu-prasad-yadav-heres-the-truth/", "date": "2023-03-12", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67cf693a35531374f6d73104#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The image was published in a report by India Today, dated September 10, 2022. As per the report, the Enforcement Directorate conducted a raid on the properties of a Kolkata-based businessman Aamir Khan and recovered around \u20b917.3 crore cash.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230413033424/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/ed-searches-on-at-kolkata-businessman-s-premises-huge-amount-of-cash-seized-1998720-2022-09-10", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What are the circumstances of the 1-th image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cf693a35531374f6d73104#INPUT#1#0.jpg", "67cf693a35531374f6d73104#INPUT#1#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "ED has conducted searches and survey at 15 locations in Nagpur & Mumbai in relation to the investment fraud by Pankaj Mehadia, Lokesh &  Kathik Jain. Unaccounted jewellery worth Rs 5.51 Crore and cash of 1.21 Crore has been seized. Further investigation is going on.", "source_url": "https://x.com/dir_ed/status/1632693964494045185", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What are the circumstances of the 2-th and 4-th images?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cf693a35531374f6d73104#INPUT#2#0.jpg", "67cf693a35531374f6d73104#INPUT#2#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "ED conducted searches at 24 locations in the Railways Land for Job Scam, resulting in the recovery of unaccounted cash of Rs 1 Crore, foreign currency including US$ 1900, 540 gms gold bullion and more than 1.5 kg of gold jewellery: ED", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230413033714/https://twitter.com/ANI/status/1634536763535290368", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What are the circumstances of the 0-th and 3-th images?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "CLAIM_IMG_0 and IMG_3 posted 11 Mar 2023 on Twitter states, ED conducted searches at 24 locations in the Railways Land for Job Scam, resulting in the recovery of unaccounted cash of Rs 1 Crore, foreign currency including US$ 1900, 540 gms gold bullion and more than 1.5 kg of gold jewelry. CLAIM_IMG=1 was published on 10 Sep 2022  by India Today, stating, the Enforcement Directorate conducted a raid on the properties of a Kolkata-based businessman Aamir Khan and recovered around \u20b917.3 crore cash. CLAIM_IMG_2 and IMG-4 were posted on x.com on 6 Mar 2023 stating, ED has conducted searches and survey at 15 locations in Nagpur & Mumbai in relation to the investment fraud by Pankaj Mehadia, Lokesh &  Kathik Jain. Unaccounted jewelry worth Rs 5.51 Crore and cash of 1.21 Crore has been seized. Further investigation is going on. There is no mention of  Lalu Prasad Yadav in any of the news items.", "claim_text": "Image collage shows Items recovered by the  Enforcement Directorate (ED) From The House Of Lalu Prasad Yadav", "claim_images": ["67cf693a35531374f6d73104#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67cf693a35531374f6d73104#CLAIM#1.jpg", "67cf693a35531374f6d73104#CLAIM#2.jpg", "67cf693a35531374f6d73104#CLAIM#3.jpg", "67cf693a35531374f6d73104#CLAIM#4.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@Roshank15022195", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://pbs.twimg.com/media/Fq_VfszXsAADSGl?format=jpg&name=small", "original_claim_url": "https://x.com/Roshank15022195/status/1634760060369862662", "reporting_source": "x", "claim_types": ["Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240518061123/https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2023/02/fact-check-little-red-riding-hood-is-not-banned-in-america.html", "date": "2023-02-14", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240227114424/https://www.ala.org/advocacy/bbooks/frequentlychallengedbooks/childrensbooks", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The ALA's Office for Intellectual Freedom (OIF) receives reports from libraries, schools, and the media on attempts to ban books in communities across the country. \n\"Little Red Riding Hood\" is not on the list."}], "question": "Is Little Red Riding Hood on the ALA's list of frequently challenged children's books?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cf69fb35531374f6d74aa3#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "an ad released late Sunday night by pro gun control group Moms Demand Action for Gun Sense in America as part of their push this week to persuade lawmakers on the state and federal level to increase limits on firearms.\n\nThe ad is part of a series posted on Facebook juxtaposing gun laws with strict restrictions meant to protect children against things like banned books, the game dodgeball and Kinder Surprise Eggs - an Italian candy banned in the U.S. because of fears that children might swallow the small toys inside.\n\n", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240614131306/https://abcnews.go.com/blogs/politics/2013/04/moms-gun-control-ad-cites-dangers-of-little-red-riding-hood", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who originally published the image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Text-related", "Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "Little Red Riding Hood was banned in at least two California school districts because it shows a bottle of wine on the cover, but that does not constitute a nationwide ban.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240614131306/https://abcnews.go.com/blogs/politics/2013/04/moms-gun-control-ad-cites-dangers-of-little-red-riding-hood", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Was Little Red Riding Hood banned nationwide in the US?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "ABC News Network published CLAIM_IMG-0 on 15 Apr 2013 citing pro gun control group Moms Demand Action for Gun Sense in America as part of their push to persuade lawmakers on the state and federal level to increase limits on firearms. The ALA's Office for Intellectual Freedom (OIF) receives reports from libraries, schools, and the media on attempts to ban books in communities across the country. Little Red Riding Hood is not on this list. Little Red Riding Hood was banned in at least two California school districts because it shows a bottle of wine on the cover, but that does not constitute a nationwide ban.", "claim_text": "The book Little Red Riding Hood is banned in America", "claim_images": ["67cf69fb35531374f6d74aa3#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "jilljonesmusic", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241224093437/https://www.instagram.com/accounts/login/?next=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.instagram.com%2Fp%2FCoo_G0oLT7Z%2F&is_from_rle", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241224093437/https://www.instagram.com/accounts/login/?next=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.instagram.com%2Fp%2FCoo_G0oLT7Z%2F&is_from_rle", "reporting_source": "Instagram", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230607022710/https://checkyourfact.com/2023/04/10/fact-check-protest-mar-a-lago-indictment/", "date": "2023-04-02", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67cf6c4435531374f6d754a3#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The image was shared by local news outlet WPBF 25 News in August 2022. It links to an article titled \"Crowds continue to gather on Palm Beach after FBI searches Donald Trump's Mar-a-Lago resort.\"", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230405190258/https://twitter.com/WPBF25News/status/1557035745227018240?s=20", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the original source of the 0-th image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": " April 2023", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230701100238/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NEtJa_LMzyU", "source_medium": "Video"}], "question": "When were the protests outside Mar-a-Lago in responses to Trump's indictment?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "CLAIM_IMG_0 was posted on 9 Aug 22 on Twitter by WPBF 25 News with a caption, Crowds gather for second day on Palm Beach after FBI searches Donald Trump's Mar-a-Lago resort. President Trump's indictment took place many months later in Apr 2023. LiveNOW from Fox posted on YouTube a video on 3 Apr 2023 stating, Trump supporters line streets outside Mar-a-Lago ahead of historic arraignment | LiveNOW from FOX\n", "claim_text": "An image shows a protest outside Mar-a-Lago in response to former President Trump's indictment", "claim_images": ["67cf6c4435531374f6d754a3#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "BrooklynDad_Defiant!", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230405190211/https://twitter.com/mmpadellan/status/1642316944664608771?s=20", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230405190211/https://twitter.com/mmpadellan/status/1642316944664608771?s=20", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240808081916/https://checkyourfact.com/2023/01/16/fact-check-photo-pope-john-paul-ii-pope-benedict-pope-francis/", "date": "2022-12-31", "label": "Refuted", "location": "VA", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67cf6d5e35531374f6d75c96#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Pope John Paul II, seated at a table in the Old Consistorial Hall, signs the new Roman Catholic Code of Canon Law during a ceremony at the Vatican, in Rome, on Jan. 25, 1983. Attending are West German Cardinal, Joseph Ratzinger, and Venezuelan Archbishop Rosalio Jose Castillo Lara.", "source_url": "https://abcnews.go.com/International/photos/pope-benedict-xvi-years-44543927/image-46419639", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who are the persons depicted in the photo?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Joseph Ratzinger was the given name of Pope Benedict XVI", "source_url": "https://thetablet.org/analysis-with-death-of-benedict-xvi-church-loses-its-catholic-of-the-century/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What was the given name of Pope Benedict XVI?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Jorge Mario Bergoglio was the given name of Pope Francis", "source_url": "https://bustedhalo.com/blogs/pope-francis-a-son-and-a-father", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What was the given name of  Pope Francis?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/22249326/rosalio-jos%C3%A9-castillo_lara", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Venezuelan Archbishop Rosalio Jose Castillo Lara died in 2007 as a Cardinal."}], "question": "Was Venezuelan Archbishop Rosalio Jose Castillo Lara ever named Pope?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "CLAIM_IMG_0 depicts Pope John Paul II, seated at a table in the Old Consistorial Hall, signs the new Roman Catholic Code of Canon Law during a ceremony at the Vatican, in Rome, on Jan. 25, 1983. Attending are West German Cardinal, Joseph Ratzinger, and Venezuelan Archbishop Rosalio Jose Castillo Lara, Chairman of the Vatican commission that has been revising the code for the last two decades. Pope Francis is not in the image. The Tablet published an article on 31 Dec 2022 concerning the death of Pope Benedict XVI. The article states, Joseph Ratzinger was the given name of Pope Benedict XVI. As stated in the article by busted halo on 25 Sep 2013, Jorge Mario Bergoglio was Pope Francis\u2019 given name.  Venezuelan Archbishop Rosalio Jose Castillo Lara died in 2007 as a Cardinal. He was never a Pope. ", "claim_text": "Image shows Pope John Paul II seated next to future popes Benedict XVI and Francis.", "claim_images": ["67cf6d5e35531374f6d75c96#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Marcus Aurelius", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://scontent-man2-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/472839911_597088133115929_1024253953708785856_n.jpg?_nc_cat=103&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=833d8c&_nc_ohc=rGsrTOGwBUYQ7kNvgE_oNRs&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-man2-1.xx&_nc_gid=A1A8fyEbjW9YE5eSsOh8o2I&oh=00_AYAoXnwKoatgHODdnPMw3M14xs3drZRmx5uHVv2QdQQSAA&oe=678B18F4", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=pfbid0Jjx1KVzLBAMpdAPkiwn5NvvMpt7P2fmmBkeBGwSDGmrhMRB4WP1qtWKYhs8Pjt7bl&id=100084442430709", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted"], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230330202448/https://newsmobile.in/articles/2023/03/09/fact-check-image-from-russia-shared-as-abandoned-train-in-sri-lankan-forest/", "date": "2023-02-25", "label": "Refuted", "location": "LK", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67cf70d435531374f6d76eaf#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Abandoned steam locomotive in the Urals", "source_url": "https://vk.com/varufa?z=photo-39435870_456239825%2Falbum-39435870_00%2Frev", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the area where the locomotive is abandoned?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Russia", "source_url": "https://www.loc.gov/collections/meeting-of-frontiers/articles-and-essays/exploration/russian-discovery-of-siberia/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where are the Ural Mountains located?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cf70d435531374f6d76eaf#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221008113135/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UTre0llEbJQ", "source_medium": "Video", "boolean_explanation": "This video is captioned, \"A small area in Russia's Perm region has become a silent cemetery for abandoned steam locomotives, attracting tourists keen to photograph its old, rusting residents\" and it shows the same locomotive."}], "question": "Do any other sources confirm that the location of the locomotive is in Russia?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "CLAIM_IMG_0 was posted on 18 Dec 2018 by VARYAG rafting hiking corporation with the caption, Abandoned steam locomotive in the Urals. The Urals Mountains are located in Russia. A video posted on 2 Nov 2017 states, \"A small area in Russia's Perm region has become a silent cemetery for abandoned steam locomotives, attracting tourists keen to photograph its old, rusting residents\" showing the same locomotive. As electric gradually replaced steam power, these locomotives became history. ", "claim_text": "Image shows a train on an abandoned railway line between Nuwara Eliya and Ragala Nanuoya which was abandoned in the Ragala High Forest area due to the landslide in 1927.", "claim_images": ["67cf70d435531374f6d76eaf#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Asanka Sanjeewa Rathnayake", "transcription": "The railway line between Nuwara Eliya and Ragala Nanuoya was abandoned in the Ragala High Forest area due to the landslide in 1927.", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Geolocation"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230419013926/https://fullfact.org/online/hearse-impounded-filming-missing-context/", "date": "2016-01-20", "label": "Refuted", "location": "GB", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67cf742c35531374f6d78965#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "2016", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/login/?next=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fphoto.php%3Fset%3Da.107786795943804%26type%3D3%26fbid%3D903896522999490", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cf742c35531374f6d78965#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Clip from the BBC comedy Rev.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210825115233/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KZonKcEFy1Q", "source_medium": "Video"}], "question": "What does the image depict?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "CLAIM_IMG_0 was posted on Facebook in 2016. A YouTube video posted on 24 Mar 2018 shows that this is a clip from the BBC comedy Rev.", "claim_text": "Image shows a hearse being impounded during a funeral.", "claim_images": ["67cf742c35531374f6d78965#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Christian Timergeddon", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://scontent-man2-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/464504134_8542828435772889_6694863192271230220_n.jpg?_nc_cat=111&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=aa7094&_nc_ohc=fEa2g2ntI5EQ7kNvgGZQFFu&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-man2-1.xx&_nc_gid=AB0_ORXsRt_2O_Evlp1fAeP&oh=00_AYBuN24vM3YZXT8K_RB8E1-msftQPYwSVm9iraTSboorrQ&oe=678B0431", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?set=a.107786795943804&type=3&fbid=903896522999490", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Fact-checker Reference"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241224082110/https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2023/03/fact-check-this-picture-does-not-show-john-podesta.html", "date": "2023-03-01", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67cf76c835531374f6d79bf1#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "2010", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20190911072440/http://www.50parties.com/party-49-party-naked/party-naked-snapshots.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cf76c835531374f6d79bf1#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The image is from one of fifty parties thrown by Ryan McGinness Studios in New York.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20190911072440/http://www.50parties.com/party-49-party-naked/party-naked-snapshots.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the image depict?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Image", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230824094310/https://www.c-span.org/person/?32104/JohnDPodesta", "source_medium": "Image/graphic", "image_answers": ["67cf76c835531374f6d79bf1#ANSWER#2#0#0.jpg"]}], "question": "Is Podesta bald like the man in the image?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "CLAIM_IMG_0 was posted by 50parties on July 7, 2010. The image is from one of fifty parties thrown by Ryan McGinness Studios in New York. John Podesta does not resemble the man in the image, i.e., the man in the image is bald and John Podesta has hair. There is no evidence that the man in the image is John Podesta.", "claim_text": "Image shows Biden's Senior adviser John Podesta.", "claim_images": ["67cf76c835531374f6d79bf1#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@realstewpeters", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230301224532im_/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FqJjAEZWIAENZGI?format=jpg&name=240x240", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230301234519/https://twitter.com/realstewpeters/status/1630974871311089664", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241224084326/https://checkyourfact.com/2023/03/31/fact-check-photo-nashville-shooters-bedroom/", "date": "2023-03-27", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "March 28, 2023", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241224084344/https://apnews.com/article/nashville-school-shooting-covenant-school-5da45b469ccb6c9533bbddf20c1bfe16", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When did the Covenant School shooting occur?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cf7a3435531374f6d7a4b8#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "In 2020 to the sub-Reddit r/NeckbeardNests by madlokilavender with the title, \"Been looking at others' rooms on here for a while, and I feel like mine has probably reached nest level. This is what happens when my depression and dissociation gets really bad.\"", "source_url": "https://www.reddit.com/r/NeckbeardNests/comments/efb7mt/been_looking_at_others_rooms_on_here_for_a_while/", "source_medium": "Image/graphic"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cf7a3435531374f6d7a4b8#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://www.reddit.com/r/neoliberal/comments/rf2hiz/okey_guys_whose_room_is_this/", "source_medium": "Image/graphic", "boolean_explanation": "In 2022 to the sub-Reddit r/neoliberal by Dadodo98 with the title \"Okey guys, whose room is this?\""}], "question": "Was the image published elsewhere?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Unanswerable", "answer_text": "No answer could be found."}], "question": "What evidence is there that the room belonged to the Covenant School shooter?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "AP news article provides details of the 28 Mar 2023 shooting at the Covenant School Shooting. CLAIM_IMG_0 was posted 14 Apr 2011 on reddit by r/neoliberal Dadodo98 with the caption,  Okey guys, whose room is this? No evidence can be found that supports the claim that the image is the bedroom of the alleged Covenant School shooter.", "claim_text": "Image shows alleged Covenant School shooter Audrey Hale\u2019s bedroom decorated with LGBTQ+ pride, socialist, and North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) flags.", "claim_images": ["67cf7a3435531374f6d7a4b8#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@ThatDude3210", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230404170908im_/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FsRS307XsAAV3nb?format=jpg&name=medium", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230404164543/https://twitter.com/ThatDude3210/status/1640527443122372610?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230529084903/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.33AD3PF", "date": "2023-02-28", "label": "Refuted", "location": "NG", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "\"The total vote is 151,745 but INEC calculated 449,884\"", "source_url": "https://archive.ph/kzqEp", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the caption that accompanied the image?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "An article in Business Day carries the headline: \"Tinubu wins in Oyo with 449, 884 votes\"", "source_url": "https://businessday.ng/nigeriadecidesliveupdates/article/tinubu-wins-in-oyo-with-449-884-votes/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who won the vote in Oyo?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m_JzlN3_uqQ", "source_medium": "Video", "boolean_explanation": "At 1:26 in the video, there is an unedited view of the spreadsheet that shows Tinubu won"}], "question": "Is there an unedited view of the tally spreadsheet?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "CLAIM_IMG_0 is a Tweet by Senator Dino Melaye dated 28 Feb 2023 with caption, The total vote is 151,745 but INEC calculated 449,884. A Business Day article dtd 27 Feb 2023 states Tinubu wins in Oyo with 449,884 votes. A YouTube video dtd 27 Feb 2023 shows a spreedsheet and announces that Tinubu won the election. The spreadsheet is cropped and does not show all the numbers that add up to the totals.", "claim_text": "image of a spreadsheet from Nigeria\u2019s Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) shows a miscalculation in Oyo state.", "claim_images": ["67cf7f2f35531374f6d7bac9#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@_dinomelaye", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FqDzWdyWAAEQbIR?format=jpg&name=900x900", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.ph/kzqEp", "reporting_source": "X", "claim_types": ["Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Keyword Search", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240723111845/https://newschecker.in/fact-check/did-rahul-gandhi-meet-producer-of-bbcs-modi-documentary-in-uk-last-year-heres-the-truth-behind-viral-image/", "date": "2023-02-24", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67cf804835531374f6d7c39a#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The caption on the image reads: \"Rahul Gandhi with Sam Pitroda and UK MP Jeremy Corbyn (Twitter/@INCOverseas)\"", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230413113002/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/rahul-gandhi-jeremy-corbyn-sam-pitroda-prime-minister-narendra-modi-congress-bjp-1953530-2022-05-24", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who are the persons in the image with Rahul Gandhi?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Richard Cookson and Mike Radford", "source_url": "https://www.imdb.com/title/tt26422349/fullcredits/?ref_=tt_cl_sm", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who was the producer of the PM Modi documentary?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "India Today posted a Tweet from Sumana Nandy dtd 24 May 2022 showing CLAIM_IMG_0 with the caption, Rahul Gandhi with Sam Pitroda and UK MP Jeremy Corbyn (Twitter/@INCOverseas). IMDB.com states the producers of the PM Modi documentary are Richard Cookson and Mike Radford.", "claim_text": "Image shows Rahul Gandhi Meeting the BBC producer of PM Modi documentary.", "claim_images": ["67cf804835531374f6d7c39a#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@deepakvyas781", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230222002735im_/https://web.archive.org/web/20230125054910im_/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FnQDwCXacAY3Y2S?format=jpg&name=medium", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230221235434/https://web.archive.org/web/20230125054908/https://twitter.com/deepakvyas781/status/1617922296035016704", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Keyword Search", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240430122958/https://www.thequint.com/news/webqoof/misleading-claims-about-iftar-celebration-at-presidency-college-kolkata-fact-check", "date": "2023-04-04", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/Z7HF-5Q2J?utm_source=misleading-claims-about-iftar-celebration-at-presidency-college-kolkata-fact-check&utm_medium=link_in_story", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Presidency University did not allow Saraswati Puja within the compound citing it goes against \"secular\" nature of the institution."}], "question": "Does Presidency University allow the celebration of Saraswati Puja?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "April 5, 2023 to the Facebook account of Md IrFan SadiQue", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/irfan.coochbehar/posts/pfbid0s9WJAixQXa5m7ix8UuBrWV8Tesj3BzVFH6RVJgp1S2NBL6zBPkZqJkzTiXXbNk3Kl?utm_source=misleading-claims-about-iftar-celebration-at-presidency-college-kolkata-fact-check&utm_medium=link_in_story", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "At  Eden Hindu Hostel in Kolkata, India", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/irfan.coochbehar/posts/pfbid0s9WJAixQXa5m7ix8UuBrWV8Tesj3BzVFH6RVJgp1S2NBL6zBPkZqJkzTiXXbNk3Kl?utm_source=misleading-claims-about-iftar-celebration-at-presidency-college-kolkata-fact-check&utm_medium=link_in_story", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where does the post of Md IrFan SadiQue indicate the Iftar was held?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "CLAIM_IMG_0 and IMG_1 were published on Facebook stating Md IrFan SadiQue is at Eden Hindu Hostel. The images were also posted on Facebook with the statement, Plz remember, Presidency University did not allow Saraswati Puja within the compound citing it goes against \"secular\" nature of the institution.", "claim_text": "Images show people breaking their fast during an iftar party at presidency University Kolkata", "claim_images": ["67cf827535531374f6d7cc6f#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67cf827535531374f6d7cc6f#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Md IrFan SadiQue", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://scontent-man2-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/339274139_625566138975097_7639643379280167275_n.jpg?_nc_cat=106&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=833d8c&_nc_ohc=5p9AGE8kxG4Q7kNvgGni0D_&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-man2-1.xx&_nc_gid=A5scAEg_lz2FQRZ8WMWxrZe&oh=00_AYA-8a8tKA9PqRqxbNB28SarRZk1xOKIus4HZbWizd5Tag&oe=678F5A63,https://scontent-man2-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/339132426_750169846637848_8948647656808776268_n.jpg?_nc_cat=111&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=833d8c&_nc_ohc=GngQpVHMOnAQ7kNvgEVQPta&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-m", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/irfan.coochbehar/posts/pfbid0s9WJAixQXa5m7ix8UuBrWV8Tesj3BzVFH6RVJgp1S2NBL6zBPkZqJkzTiXXbNk3Kl?utm_source=misleading-claims-about-iftar-celebration-at-presidency-college-kolkata-fact-check&utm_medium=link_in_story", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Geolocation"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20231001055203/https://www.boomlive.in/fact-check/viral-photos-presidency-university-kolkata-allow-iftar-not-saraswati-puja-social-media-21599", "date": "2023-04-04", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/Z7HF-5Q2J?utm_source=misleading-claims-about-iftar-celebration-at-presidency-college-kolkata-fact-check&utm_medium=link_in_story", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Presidency University did not allow Saraswati Puja within the compound citing it goes against \"secular\" nature of the institution."}], "question": "Is an Iftar celebration allowed at Presidency University?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "On April 5, 2023 to the Facebook account of Md IrFan SadiQue", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/irfan.coochbehar/posts/pfbid0s9WJAixQXa5m7ix8UuBrWV8Tesj3BzVFH6RVJgp1S2NBL6zBPkZqJkzTiXXbNk3Kl?utm_source=misleading-claims-about-iftar-celebration-at-presidency-college-kolkata-fact-check&utm_medium=link_in_story", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "At Eden Hindu Hostel in Kolkata, India", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/irfan.coochbehar/posts/pfbid0s9WJAixQXa5m7ix8UuBrWV8Tesj3BzVFH6RVJgp1S2NBL6zBPkZqJkzTiXXbNk3Kl?utm_source=misleading-claims-about-iftar-celebration-at-presidency-college-kolkata-fact-check&utm_medium=link_in_story", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where does the April 5, 2023 Facebook post of Md IrFan SadiQue indicate the Iftar party was held?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "CLAIM_IMG_0 and IMG_1 were published on Facebook stating Md IrFan SadiQue is at Eden Hindu Hostel. The images were also posted on Facebook with the statement, Plz remember, Presidency University did not allow Saraswati Puja within the compound citing it goes against \"secular\" nature of the institution.", "claim_text": "Images show an Iftar Party at Presidency University in Kolkata.", "claim_images": ["67cf83d235531374f6d7d552#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67cf83d235531374f6d7d552#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Md IrFan SadiQue ", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://scontent-man2-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/339132426_750169846637848_8948647656808776268_n.jpg?stp=dst-jpg_s600x600_tt6&_nc_cat=111&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=833d8c&_nc_ohc=GngQpVHMOnAQ7kNvgEVQPta&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-man2-1.xx&_nc_gid=AqmM1adgyLQ6yAQ3ythXaTa&oh=00_AYC7t-1KWYNOF9RMghwqOUFgQFBMGyFgtiaqOIQtUwXy_w&oe=678F5464,https://scontent-man2-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/339274139_625566138975097_7639643379280167275_n.jpg?stp=dst-jpg_s600x600_tt6&_nc_cat=106&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=833d8c&_nc_ohc=5", "original_claim_url": "https://ghostarchive.org/archive/vBpJG", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Geolocation"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240525201226/https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2023/04/fact-check-map-does-not-show-where-3-year-old-children-can-get-sex-change-surgery.html", "date": "2022-12-30", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The map was published by activist Erin Reed who compiled the data.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240906221547/https://www.erininthemorning.com/p/the-final-anti-trans-legislative", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who originally published the map?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240906221547/https://www.erininthemorning.com/p/the-final-anti-trans-legislative", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The youngest persons the narrative mentions are: \"Alabama and Arkansas have passed laws that detransition all trans teens. Florida has banned medicaid coverage for trans adults and is banning gender affirming care for trans teens.\""}], "question": "Does the narrative that accompanies the map mention 3-year-olds?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://opa.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/2023-08/gender-affirming-care-young-people.pdf", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "OASH indicates that no specific medical interventions are needed before a person reaches puberty."}], "question": "Does the Office of Population Affairs at the U.S.. Department of Health endorse gender-affirming care for 3-year-olds?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The world's youngest known  transsexual to have completed gender reassignment surgery was 16.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240215005129/https://www.dw.com/en/worlds-youngest-transsexual-poised-for-pop-stardom/a-4562260", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "How young is the world's youngest known transsexual to hae completed gender reassignment surgery?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "Erin In The Morning, Erin Reed published CLAIM_IMG_0. She states, This map helps you determine the likelihood your state will pass anti-trans legislation in the next 2 years. If you are moving or looking to move, or make other decisions, please use this map! The article makes no mention where a 3 year old can get sex change surgery. ", "claim_text": "Map shows US states where  a 3 year old can get sex change surgery.", "claim_images": ["67cf873335531374f6d7e4f1#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Erin Reed", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240907010817im_/https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F18ec86be-95b7-4cc7-aa0a-cd5eb223ffc4_2156x1390.png", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240906221547/https://www.erininthemorning.com/p/the-final-anti-trans-legislative", "reporting_source": "erininthemorning.com", "claim_types": ["Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240911064744/https://fullfact.org/online/king-charles-jimmy-savile-not-pictured-dunblane-shooter/", "date": "2023-04-02", "label": "Refuted", "location": "GB", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67cf887335531374f6d7eddc#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Then Prince of Wales Charles (left), Sir Jimmy Savile (centre), and deputy Lord lieutenant, Ian Thornber.", "source_url": "https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-prince-of-walesglencoe-106181110.html?imageid=37C3E4B4-42D9-4CC3-AE0D-FFE01BB8E307&p=308342&pn=1&searchId=2828f1cafbdf77b730882e0a4031dc51&searchtype=0", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who are the persons in the image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Thomas Hamilton", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230313120535/https://www.thesun.co.uk/news/14282766/thomas-hamilton-dunblane-shooter-killer/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who was the shooter at the Dunblane massacre?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "CLAIM_IMG_0 taken on 6 July 1999 is an Alamy Stock Photo depicting the Prince of Wales (left), Sir Jimmy Savile (centre), and deputy Lord lieutenant, Ian Thornber, sharing a joke after the prince arrived in Glencoe for a visit to the mountain rescue centre. The Dunblane shooter was Thomas Hamilton as stated in The Sun Article updated 12 May 2022.", "claim_text": "Image shows King Charles with Dunblane gunman.", "claim_images": ["67cf887335531374f6d7eddc#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@DogPawDepp", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FsyfXbjWwAMt2iY?format=jpg&name=360x360", "original_claim_url": "https://x.com/DogPawDepp/status/1642863312831488000", "reporting_source": "X", "claim_types": ["Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240521234539/https://fullfact.org/online/mine-worker-zero-body-fat/", "date": "2023-01-03", "label": "Refuted", "location": "GB", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67cf8d0635531374f6d7f6c7#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Fitness model Helmut Strebl", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240529004308/https://www.hellestrebl.co.uk/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is the person in the image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Strebl stated he likes to keep his body fat level at around 4% for his competitions.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240519210659/https://www.simplyshredded.com/helmut.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is Strebl's level of body fat?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "CLAIM_IMG_0 post on hellestrebl.co is fitness model Helmut Strebl. He talked With Simplyshredded.com and states, When I cut down for a competition, I do what is necessary to peak at 4% body-fat. There is no mention of him being a mine worker.", "claim_text": "Image shows a mine worker with 0% body fat.", "claim_images": ["67cf8d0635531374f6d7f6c7#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "fitnessfocuspros", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://www.instagram.com/p/Cm93JQtD3ms/?utm_source=ig_embed&ig_rid=6169d1ce-272c-4a66-99fd-7d5908edcc61", "reporting_source": "Instagram", "claim_types": ["Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230523122546/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.33D46ED", "date": "2023-04-16", "label": "Refuted", "location": "MA", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The Hassan II mosque in Casablanca can accommodate 105,000 worshippers ", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/S8US-8RMM", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "How many worshippers can Casablanca's Hassan II mosque accommodate?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67cf90aa35531374f6d7ffb8#INPUT#1#0.jpg", "67cf90aa35531374f6d7ffb8#INPUT#1#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "2013", "source_url": "https://archive.md/M7cV7", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When were the images originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://archive.md/M7cV7", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Hassan II Mosque on Laylat al-Qadr during the holy month of Ramadan, in Casablanca early August 5, 2013"}], "question": "Is the mosque identified in the 2013 images?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "CLAIM_IMG_0 and IMG-1 were published on \nAugust 05, 2013, stating, \nThe faithful pray on the esplanade of the Hassan II Mosque on Laylat al-Qadr during the holy month of Ramadan, in Casablanca. The Hassan II mosque in Casablanca can accommodate 105,000 worshippers.", "claim_text": "Image shows 800,000 offering night prayers t at the Hassan II Mosque in Casablanca in 2023.", "claim_images": ["67cf90aa35531374f6d7ffb8#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67cf90aa35531374f6d7ffb8#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://scontent.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/337553936_234006175765794_7850564617709915843_n.jpg?stp=dst-jpg_p403x403_tt6&_nc_cat=103&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=e21142&_nc_ohc=LZcBiphYWEAQ7kNvgHSvtS8&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent.xx&edm=AN6CN6oEAAAA&_nc_gid=Azq5Jt7B2yFhILC_qzzDhc7&oh=00_AYBeKyIpncshig1ewilvebmJzXbjl3X1KOH4M8yRnpyIFQ&oe=6792E674", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230417031653/https://archive.ph/lDlZT", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241212061328/https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/underwater-waterfall-mauritius/", "date": "2023-05-09", "label": "Refuted", "location": "MR", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Mauritius, being a relatively young island, happens to sit on an ocean shelf raised above seabed level. Off this particular coast, a gradual slope is noticed, abruptly ending in a 4000-meter-deep abyssal drop. Thanks to this marine topography, various shades of blue are visible, due to the movement of sand and silt deposits along these slopes. It is this unique harmony of shades which create the optical illusion which has won so many admirers across the world. ", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241202205445/https://theculturetrip.com/africa/mauritius/articles/the-story-behind-mauritius-underwater-waterfall-illusion", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Is there an explanation for the underwater waterfall in Mauritius?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241110054605/https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/mauritius-underwater-waterfall-must-see-attractions/index.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Sand and silt on the ocean floor run off in a way that makes it look like they're pouring down a waterfall \u2013 or like the entire island is being sucked down a vast drain."}], "question": "So, the waterfall is not actually underwater?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "It is an optical illusion. Culture Trip article entitled, The Real Story Behind Mauritius\u2019 Underwater Waterfall Illusion, states, marine topography, various shades of blue are visible, due to the movement of sand and silt deposits along these slopes. It is this unique harmony of shades which create the optical illusion. As stated in a CNN article, Sand and silt on the ocean floor run off in a way that makes it look like they\u2019re pouring down a waterfall \u2013 or like the entire island is being sucked down a vast drain.", "claim_text": "Image authentically shows an underwater waterfall in Mauritius.", "claim_images": ["67cf944635531374f6d808af#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@Anc_Aesthetics", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230511210747im_/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/Fv0NNXJXgAIvzfA?format=jpg&name=900x900", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230511210746/https://twitter.com/Anc_Aesthetics/status/1656495012866080769", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230322133627/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.33BQ8VU", "date": "2023-03-16", "label": "Refuted", "location": "KE", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "On March 20, 2023. \"I want Kenyans to come out in large numbers and show the displeasure of what is happening in our country,\" Odinga, who narrowly lost last year's election to Ruto, told supporters. ", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/24KS-J3J4", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When did Odinga call for demonstrations after losing the election to Ruto?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d01d3835531374f6d906a9#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "September 22, 2020", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/2E69-MVVV", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d01d3835531374f6d906a9#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Protesters hack at R33 road in KwaZulu-Natal, a province in South Africa, over service delivery issues", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/2EV", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the image show?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "Yahoo News report of 20 Mar 2023 states Odinga said,  \"I want Kenyans to come out in large numbers and show the displeasure of what is happening in our country.\" CLAIM_IMG_0 was published on 22 Sep 2020 stating, Angry and frustrated protesters have made one heck of a statement by hacking out bits of the R33 road in KwaZulu-Natal, a province in South Africa. Dissatisfied with service delivery, the protesters were out to prove a point.", "claim_text": "Image shows Odinga supporters vandalising a road in Siaya County, Kenya.", "claim_images": ["67d01d3835531374f6d906a9#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@MigunaMiguna", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://archive.is/Bhrj3/59e784f04d6d284dbef15894269e2b458f3618ef.jpg", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230322142602/https://archive.is/Bhrj3", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Reverse Image Search", "Geolocation", "Fact-checker Reference"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240623002504/https://www.polygraph.info/a/fact-check-russian-embassy-in-australia-distorts-reports-on-landmine-use-in-ukraine/7053810.html", "date": "2023-04-12", "label": "Refuted", "location": "AU", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "\"ABC News chose to parrot Ukrainian claims that the mines were laid by the Russian forces without mentioning the readily available evidence that the prohibited deadly devices are, in fact, of Ukrainian origin.\"", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/RusEmbAu/posts/pfbid04H3q8renujZgWwRMV6JdGB7NaWjFBkAbZGTr99opZaWPwqz12iXEQNaCtmDKenhgl", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What was the assertion by the Russian Embassy in Australia regarding the landmines?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "From a detailed report by Human Rights Watch that refers to numerous documented cases in which rockets carrying thousands of PFM antipersonnel mines, also called \u201cbutterfly mines\u201d or \u201cpetal mines,\u201d were fired by the Ukrainian military in and around the city of Izium when Russian forces controlled the area. ", "source_url": "https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/01/31/ukraine-banned-landmines-harm-civilians", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where did the Russian Embassy claim to get the information that the land mines were of Ukranian origin?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The report described the use of landmines across the entire Kharkiv region and other parts of Ukraine, \u201can area of land larger than England, Wales and Northern Ireland combined\" and stated that Russia had \u201cseized swathes of territory in the Kharkiv region.\" It also stated that \"The Russians deployed landmines to both defend their positions and slow the Ukrainians. After leaving in a rush, a lethal footprint was left behind,\u201d noting that \u201c[m]ore than 55,000 explosives have been found in the area.\u201d", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240709110302/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-65204053", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What did the report actually say?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "BBC reported on 10 Apr 2023 that Russians deployed landmines to both defend their positions and slow the Ukrainians. After leaving in a rush, a lethal footprint was left behind. In the small town of Balakliya, on a patch of land next to an apartment block, Oleksandr Remenets' team have already found six anti-personnel mines. They'd earlier uncovered around 200 nearby. More than 55,000 explosives have been found in the area.", "claim_text": "An April 12, 2022 Australian Broadcasting Corporation report on Russia's use of landmines in Ukraine was disinformation.", "claim_images": ["67d022e935531374f6d93545#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Embassy of Russia in Australia ", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://scontent-man2-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/340859036_762105848650354_4315446368914216904_n.jpg?stp=dst-jpg_p843x403_tt6&_nc_cat=106&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=127cfc&_nc_ohc=ijO8q_L4QsMQ7kNvgGSZfNi&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-man2-1.xx&_nc_gid=AwtN1He58AltbNhWD6xymF4&oh=00_AYCD_dOJTOHIAPUh_YnELLHOAq9-T0hQhYCz_aw07wM_vA&oe=6792F4BB", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/RusEmbAu/posts/pfbid04H3q8renujZgWwRMV6JdGB7NaWjFBkAbZGTr99opZaWPwqz12iXEQNaCtmDKenhgl", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Media Publishing Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted"], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230509073013/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.337B2CY", "date": "2023-01-19", "label": "Refuted", "location": "KR", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67d0248b35531374f6d93e4c#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "South Korean First Lady Kim Keon-hee", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230120090602/https://archive.vn/Vn8lv", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is the woman with her eyes closed in the image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d0248b35531374f6d93e4c#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://archive.vn/gBg14", "source_medium": "Video", "boolean_explanation": "Footage of the speech at the 48:19 mark shows the First Lady blinking. This is the moment captured in the still image."}], "question": "Is South Korean First Lady Kim Keon-hee really asleep during her husband's speech?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is misleading. The image shows South Korean First Lady Kim Keon-hee with her eyes closed, but video footage confirms she was blinking, not sleeping, during her husband's speech.", "claim_text": "Image shows South Korean first lady asleep during husband's speech.", "claim_images": ["67d0248b35531374f6d93e4c#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@Beingandtime27", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230120090910im_/https://archive.vn/Vn8lv/edad31af90bab8c0661a7a70692941c3e6449c4c.jpg", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230120090602/https://archive.vn/Vn8lv", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Keyword Search", "Image Analysis", "Video Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240528081739/https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2023/03/fact-check-these-photos-do-not-disprove-rising-sea-levels-in-new-york-between-1898-and-2017.html", "date": "2023-03-15", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67d0275835531374f6d94757#INPUT#0#0.jpg", "67d0275835531374f6d94757#INPUT#0#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Unanswerable", "answer_text": "No answer could be found."}], "question": "What information was provided about tides and sea conditions at the moment each photo was taken?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Image", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240417195654/https://www.nesdis.noaa.gov/events/william-sweet-sea-level-rise-here-and-now", "source_medium": "Image/graphic", "image_answers": ["67d0275835531374f6d94757#ANSWER#1#0#0.jpg"]}], "question": "What proof exists that the sea level has risen over the 170-year period at the location of the Statue of Liberty?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Image", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240624112159/https://ny.curbed.com/2017/10/12/16462790/queens-climate-change-jamaica-bay-flooding-photos", "source_medium": "Image/graphic", "image_answers": ["67d0275835531374f6d94757#ANSWER#2#0#0.jpg"]}], "question": "Are there images of high tide flooding in the area?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "Two photos of the Statue of Liberty don\u2019t prove anything about sea level rise. Tides and other factors affect water levels in images, and real measurements show sea levels have risen.", "claim_text": "Images of the statue of liberty in 1898 and 2017 prove that sea levels have not risen.", "claim_images": ["67d0275835531374f6d94757#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67d0275835531374f6d94757#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@DrLoupis", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FrPC9IoWYAAMiHK?format=jpg&name=small", "original_claim_url": "https://x.com/DrLoupis/status/1635865453028311040", "reporting_source": "X", "claim_types": ["Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted"], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240808133744/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.33DE9EM", "date": "2023-03-29", "label": "Refuted", "location": "KE", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67d0281835531374f6d95068#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "2017", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240911110519/https://nairobinews.nation.africa/raila-rushed-hospital-suspected-food-poisoning/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240911110519/https://nairobinews.nation.africa/raila-rushed-hospital-suspected-food-poisoning/", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Raila rushed to hospital over suspected food poisoning"}], "question": "Did a headline accompany the image when it was published in 2017?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The image is from 2017, not from a 2023 protest. 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"https://web.archive.org/web/20240624030347/https://en.youturn.in/factcheck/bjp-congress-secret-meeting.html", "date": "2023-01-16", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67d083c635531374f6da6c81#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "August 12, 2021 in the Hindustan Times", "source_url": "https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/pm-modi-sonia-gandhi-at-speaker-s-meet-with-parties-post-lok-sabha-adjournment-101628705250671-amp.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d083c635531374f6da6c81#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/pm-modi-sonia-gandhi-at-speaker-s-meet-with-parties-post-lok-sabha-adjournment-101628705250671-amp.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "New Delhi: Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Congress president Sonia Gandhi joined other party leaders in Lok Sabha Speaker Om Birla\u2019s chamber after the acrimonious monsoon session was adjourned sine die"}], "question": "Does the image published on August 12, 2021 in the Hindustan Times have a caption?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d083c635531374f6da6c81#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/rare-photo-op-pm-modi-amit-shah-with-sonia-gandhi-and-sukhbir-badal-as-they-met-speaker-om-birla/amp_articleshow/85239359.cms", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The Times of India"}], "question": "Did other media outlets carry the news story of the meeting?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The image is from August 12, 2021, and shows a 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["67d086a235531374f6da75c0#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "March 18, 2023", "source_url": "https://www.instagram.com/p/Cp8KrEdDJLw/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.instagram.com/p/Csg1ksetBwA/", "source_medium": "Video", "boolean_explanation": "A video dated May 21, 2023 shows the same woman without a tattoo on her forehead."}], "question": "Are there subsequent images that show the same woman with the tattoo on her forehead?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "She has an Instagram account under the name queenmaker_of_tattoo", "source_url": 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[{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "April 29, 2023 in The Quint", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240910235650mp_/https://www.thequint.com/sports/wrestling/wrestlers-protest-bajrang-punia-says-delhi-police-cut-their-electricity-line", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Wrestlers Protest: Bajrang Punia Says Delhi Police Cut Their Electricity Line\n\"See, this is the pressure on Delhi Police even as the country stands with us,\" he said in a video on social media", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240910235650/https://www.thequint.com/web/20240910235650/https://www.thequint.com/sports/wrestling/wrestlers-protest-bajrang-punia-says-delhi-police-cut-their-electricity-line", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the headline on the story 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images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240722195310/https://newschecker.in/fact-check/viral-photo-of-brazils-qanon-shaman-is-from-2021-rally-not-2023-riots/", "date": "2023-01-08", "label": "Refuted", "location": "BR", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67d098b235531374f6dabb33#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "September, 2021", "source_url": "https://x.com/shayan86/status/1612196959208472579", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d098b235531374f6dabb33#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "A Bolsanaro supporter who was inspired by the U.S. QAnon shaman.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240814171041/https://www.diariodocentrodomundo.com.br/bolsonarista-fantasia-viking-capitolio/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is the person shown in the image published in September, 2021?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The image was originally published in September 2021, long before the January 2023 Brazil riots. Additionally, the person in the image is identified as a Bolsonaro supporter inspired by the U.S. QAnon Shaman, not the actual QAnon Shaman himself.", "claim_text": "Image shows a QAnon Shaman in January 2023 Brazil riots.", "claim_images": ["67d098b235531374f6dabb33#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@josepbastardas", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230109071859im_/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/Fl-yLzTXEAABbjp?format=jpg&name=900x900", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230109071858/https://twitter.com/josepbastardas/status/1612203109539000320", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Keyword Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240725072452/https://www.altnews.in/bangladesh-school-boy-murder-false-communal-claim-by-right-wing-handles/", "date": "2023-02-07", "label": "Refuted", "location": "BD", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67d09b0e35531374f6dac83c#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Schoolboy Nirav Mondal (12) was allegedly strangled to death by his classmates in Dumuria, Khulna, after demanding a ransom of Tk 3 million.", "source_url": "https://www.dhakatimes24.com/2023/02/03/297412", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who is the young man pictured in the image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "His classmates Sohel Molya (15), Pitu Mandal (15), Hirak Roy (15) of Gutudiya village, sixth grade student Dipu Roy (12) and tenth grade student Piyal Mandal (16) of Teligati village in the upazila", "source_url": "https://www.dhakatimes24.com/2023/02/03/297412", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who were Mondal's assailants?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://www.dhakatimes24.com/2023/02/03/297412", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "No, four of the five boys have Hindu names."}], "question": "Were all of the boys Muslim?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim falsely states that the boy was killed by a group of Muslim classmates, but the provided answers show that most of the accused have Hindu names. This directly contradicts the claim's religious angle.", "claim_text": "Image shows the dead body of a Hindu boy called Nirob Mandal who was killed by Mohammad Sohail and his friends who are all Muslim.", "claim_images": ["67d09b0e35531374f6dac83c#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@Ambuj_IND", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230209101329im_/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FoYUE_7agAAI1Fs?format=jpg&name=360x360", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230209101328/https://twitter.com/Ambuj_IND/status/1623006795076886530", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Keyword Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240530225013/https://en.youturn.in/factcheck/modi-no-entry-billboard-is-old-and-is-from-ap-and-not-rajasthan-as-claimed.html", "date": "2023-05-30", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67d09c2635531374f6dad197#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "February, 2019 in The NEWS Minute", "source_url": "https://www.thenewsminute.com/andhra-pradesh/ahead-pms-andhra-visit-modi-no-entry-billboards-appear-multiple-places-96486", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "In places around Guntur and Vijayawada, signalling the PM\u2019s visit.", "source_url": "https://www.thenewsminute.com/andhra-pradesh/ahead-pms-andhra-visit-modi-no-entry-billboards-appear-multiple-places-96486", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where did the billboard appear?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The billboard was originally published in February 2019 and appeared in Guntur and Vijayawada, not Rajasthan. This contradicts the claim that the \"Modi No Entry\" billboard was in Rajasthan.", "claim_text": "Image shows \"Modi No Entry\" bill board in Rajasthan.", "claim_images": ["67d09c2635531374f6dad197#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@Siya7232", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://archive.is/lgVUm/7f3ce5cf5cff6c9729c5722603107c96c8ea7964.jpg", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.is/lgVUm", "reporting_source": "X", "claim_types": ["Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Keyword Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20231003073147/https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/biden-bruise-forehead-steps-air-force-one/", "date": "2023-02-22", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67d0a3b535531374f6daedd4#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "February 22, 2023", "source_url": "https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/president-joe-biden-and-polish-president-andrzej-duda-news-photo/1247380839?phrase=biden%20summit%20poland&adppopup=true", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "On what date was the image first published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Among other stories, The Washington Post reported that President Biden, the nation\u2019s second Catholic president, attended an ad hoc Ash Wednesday Mass during his last day in Poland. The smudge on his forehead are the ashes placed there by a priest at the service.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230320110954/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2023/02/22/biden-warsaw-trump-train-palestine/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What had Biden done earlier in the day on February 22, 2023?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The mark on Joe Biden\u2019s forehead was from Ash Wednesday, not from a fall. This directly contradicts the claim that he bruised his forehead after falling down the stairs of Air Force One in Poland.", "claim_text": "Images show Joe Biden with a bruised forehead after falling down stairs after getting off a plane (Air Force One)  in Poland.", "claim_images": ["67d0a3b535531374f6daedd4#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@runews", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FplfVzfWcAIbtjD?format=jpg&name=small", "original_claim_url": "https://x.com/runews/status/1628437615480373250", "reporting_source": "X", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim", "Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Image Analysis", "Video Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240910164336/https://www.thequint.com/news/webqoof/csk-fans-gathered-on-streets-ahmedabad-fact-check", "date": "2023-05-27", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67d0a72835531374f6daf74b#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The annual Great Ethiopian Run in Addis Ababa is popular among tourists. courtesy Ethiopia Tourism Organization", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240403133343/https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/ethiopia-africa-travel-next-big-thing/index.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the image depict?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d0a72835531374f6daf74b#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Thai people wearing yellow shirts gather to listen to a speech by Thailand's King Bhumibol Adulyadej at the Anatasamakom Throne Hall in BangkokPicture: REUTERS/Royal Household Bureau CREDIT: REUTERS/Royal Household Bureau", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240621204157/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/picturegalleries/worldnews/9723978/Thailands-King-Bhumibol-the-worlds-longest-reigning-monarch-turns-85.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the image depict?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d0a72835531374f6daf74b#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Translated, the headline reads, \"Granada and Las Palmas, go up to the First Division | This is how the promotion playoffs remain and which teams are relegated to the Second RFEF\"", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230602072418/https://www.marca.com/futbol/segunda-division/2023/05/27/647232d55aeb520026e65a0d-directo.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the image depict?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The answers describe completely unrelated events (such as the Great Ethiopian Run and a speech in Thailand), which contradict the claim that the images show CSK fans in Ahmedabad ahead of the IPL final.", "claim_text": "Images show CSK Fans on Ahmedabad Streets Ahead of Indian Premier League (IPL) Final.", "claim_images": ["67d0a72835531374f6daf74b#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67d0a72835531374f6daf74b#CLAIM#1.jpg", "67d0a72835531374f6daf74b#CLAIM#2.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Shameem Alam", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://rejouer.perma.cc/replay-web-page/w/id-e7b9e7e39a10/im_/https://scontent-iad3-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/350122162_551619860504223_625183559444861648_n.jpg?stp=dst-jpg_s600x600&_nc_cat=101&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=5cd70e&_nc_ohc=iBtjBvFSRdwAX_UmAjn&_nc_ht=scontent-iad3-1.xx&oh=00_AfCUwKE4opUOtlp7p7o-dcTELtRnkCbY8MQn7h7bltRKWA&oe=647A1B5F", "original_claim_url": "https://perma.cc/2XDH-JZ3P", "reporting_source": "facebook", "claim_types": ["Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse 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"https://web.archive.org/web/20230303060200/https://www.triesteallnews.it/2021/09/afghanistans-drama-we-lost-because-the-us-did-not-listen/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d0a8cc35531374f6db00c2#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "It is the flag of the Afghanistan Revenue Department.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230205013605/https://ard.gov.af/english", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the flag in the background in the image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d0a8cc35531374f6db00c2#INPUT#3#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Unanswerable", "answer_text": "No answer could be found."}], "question": "Who is the man in the image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The image does not show the CEO of Club Africain. The man in the image does not resemble any of the club's top officials, the image predates the claimed event, and the background flag is unrelated to Tunisia or the football match.", "claim_text": "Image shows the CEO of Club Africain of Tunisia being interviewed after their match with Tanzania\u2019s Yanga SC.", "claim_images": ["67d0a8cc35531374f6db00c2#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": " app-facebook Ahmed Ally", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://rejouer.perma.cc/replay-web-page/w/id-ba4d2634c9c5/mp_/https://scontent-iad3-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/311339618_167078609259619_2224809597657164563_n.jpg?_nc_cat=103&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=8024bb&_nc_ohc=QNmoPk3DZ1QAX9kzIr1&_nc_ht=scontent-iad3-1.xx&edm=AN6CN6oEAAAA&oh=00_AfCpKkvap9S6dv5qDnsPF_ygqpm-3u4rgoBI9rX9X9qpKQ&oe=63652556", "original_claim_url": "https://perma.cc/46EV-RRTM", "reporting_source": "facebook", "claim_types": ["Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Reverse Image Search", "Fact-checker Reference"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241227002642/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2022/12/15/fact-check-image-hospitalized-hit-and-run-victim-part-scam/10871928002/", "date": "2022-12-05", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67d0adcd35531374f6db20d3#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "March, 2021 in The Daily Mail Australia", "source_url": "https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-9395973/Little-girl-four-asking-mum-hospital-Kinkuna-car-crash-kills-mother-grandmother.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d0adcd35531374f6db20d3#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-9395973/Little-girl-four-asking-mum-hospital-Kinkuna-car-crash-kills-mother-grandmother.html", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Little Skyler, four, woke up in hospital with a broken arm after horror crash that killed her mum and grandmother"}], "question": "Does a headline accompany the image published in March, 2021 in The Daily Mail Australia?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The image used in the claim is from a 2021 incident in Australia, not from a hit-and-run in Riverton, Utah. This directly contradicts the claim.", "claim_text": "Image shows a young girl who was hurt in a hit-and-run in Riverton. (Utah, USA.)", "claim_images": ["67d0adcd35531374f6db20d3#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67d0adcd35531374f6db20d3#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Brian Andy", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://appen-images.averitec.eu/phase_1", "reporting_source": "facebook", "claim_types": ["Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230330061000/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.32GZ39J", "date": "2022-08-27", "label": "Refuted", "location": "MY", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67d0b18535531374f6db609d#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "June 2, 2015 by Dr Wan Azizah Wan Ismail", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=591958134240800&set=pcb.591958404240773", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d0b18535531374f6db609d#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://www.facebook.com/drwawi/posts/pfbid02mQvC158phj425fLRrRuktTvnJxSuvZLCA4N3nyzQbDnSFMyEuGT8EjFZUVsc2LnAl", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Vehicles carrying DSAI have arrived at HKL with very tight control. DSAI refers to Anwar Ibrahim (Dato Seri) and HKL refers to Kuala Lumpur Hospital."}], "question": "Is there a caption on the image published on June 2, 2015 by Dr Wan Azizah Wan Ismail?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The image is from June 2, 2015, and is related to Anwar Ibrahim\u2019s transfer to Kuala Lumpur Hospital, not Najib Razak being taken to jail.", "claim_text": "Image shows prison officers witing to take Malaysian former prime minister Najib Razak to Jail.", "claim_images": ["67d0b18535531374f6db609d#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@YbSadik", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://archive.ph/VBMpE/48dfa772acded3c5f7f31e8d1e47bebcc070fcaf.jpg", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.ph/VBMpE", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search", "Keyword Search", "Image Analysis", "Geolocation"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230322185602/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.334W2DY", "date": "2022-12-17", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67d0b2d635531374f6db6a26#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "On December 2, 2022 in LiveWire", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/U643-9KP5", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where was the image collage originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67d0b2d635531374f6db6a26#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://perma.cc/U643-9KP5", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Delhi: Student, Activists Campaigning for G.N. Saibaba\u2019s Release Allegedly Attacked by ABVP Members"}], "question": "Does the image have an accompanying headline?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The images are from an incident where students and activists campaigning for G.N. Saibaba\u2019s release were allegedly attacked, not about people being beaten for writing anti-Brahmin graffiti at JNU.", "claim_text": "Images show 3 young people who were beaten up for writing graffiti against India's Brahmin upper caste at Jawaharlal Nehru University in Delhi.", "claim_images": ["67d0b2d635531374f6db6a26#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Akhilesh Kant Jha", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://ghostarchive.org/archive/replay/w/id-c9e9554c8a9a/im_/https://scontent-mia3-2.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/318456890_677291623766253_3554568590160934963_n.jpg?_nc_cat=107&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=8bfeb9&_nc_ohc=WaVKVm1yrG8AX9pD-z8&_nc_ht=scontent-mia3-2.xx&oh=00_AfDtbOT2goD9rZDZJfjxpDJZDiwSQLNJvmaVvMYhDX7gKQ&oe=63A40FED", "original_claim_url": "https://ghostarchive.org/archive/mhRXp?kreymer=true", "reporting_source": "facebook", "claim_types": ["Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240910000535/https://www.boomlive.in/fact-check/politics/fake-news-viral-photo-aamir-khan-performing-aarti-lal-singh-chaddha-2017-vadodara-navratri-pooja-factcheck-18968", "date": "2022-08-21", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67d0b5b635531374f6db7c7b#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "September 24, 2017 by @aamir_khan", "source_url": "https://x.com/ourvadodara/status/912029859295019008", "source_medium": "Video"}], "question": "When was the image originally published?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "February, 2022", "source_url": "https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2021/09/27/aamir-khan-laal-singh-chaddha-release-pushed.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What was Laal Singh Chaddha release date?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The image was originally published in 2017, long before Laal Singh Chaddha was released, so it is not related to the film's box office performance. Additionally, the movie was released in August 2022, not February 2022.", "claim_text": "Image shows Aamir Khan\nperforming Hindu prayer rituals after his recent movie Laal Singh Chaddha tanked at the box office.", "claim_images": ["67d0b5b635531374f6db7c7b#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@ABHISHEK77381", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230414084748im_/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/Faw-Z1HaAAI2pqp?format=jpg&name=medium", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230414084747/https://twitter.com/ABHISHEK77381/status/1561691787881693184", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search", "Keyword Search", "Video Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240412230554/https://apnews.com/article/fact-check-judge-aileen-cannon-trump-photo-225806750019", "date": "2022-09-03", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67e0115c35531374f61511ec#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The two women in the photo were attendees at Donald Trump\u2019s rally in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240412230554/https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/people-gather-to-hear-former-president-donald-trump-speak-news-photo/1420565886?adppopup=true", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who are the Individuals shown in the Image?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67e0115c35531374f61511ec#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "No, The women in the photo have not been identified, but they have distinct hair colors and facial features that do not match Judge Aileen Cannon, who had already been serving as a federal judge in the Southern District of Florida for nearly two years at the time.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240412230554/https://ballotpedia.org/Aileen_Cannon", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Is one of the women in the photo wearing a \"Team Trump\" hat actually a U.S. judge?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The woman in the \"Team Trump\" hat is not Judge Aileen Cannon. The claim is based on misidentification", "claim_text": "A photo shows U.S. District Judge Aileen Cannon in a \u201cTeam Trump\u201d hat.", "claim_images": ["67e0115c35531374f61511ec#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Dahlia Lithwick and Joseph Stern", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/people-gather-to-hear-former-president-donald-trump-speak-news-photo/1420565886?", "original_claim_url": "", "reporting_source": "SLATE Magazine", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim", "Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230311091720/https://www.boomlive.in/fact-check/rahul-gandhi-congress-bharat-jodo-yatra-cambridge-talk-21288", "date": "2023-03-06", "label": "Refuted", "location": "GB", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Rahul Gandhi spoke at Cambridge in May 2022 and March 2023.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230311091720/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PfOCwdth3Ws", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "On which dates did Gandhi visit the University of Cambridge to give his speech?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "it was released in June 2019", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230311091720/https://www.theguardian.com/education/2019/jun/19/cambridge-slips-to-lowest-ever-place-in-world-university-table", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "On what date was the global university ranking released, where the University of Cambridge saw its lowest position?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230311091720/https://www.theguardian.com/education/2019/jun/19/cambridge-slips-to-lowest-ever-place-in-world-university-table", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The article attributes the university's lower ranking to financial challenges following the 2016 Brexit referendum, without mentioning Gandhi."}], "question": " Is there any connection between Gandhi\u2019s visit and the University of Cambridge\u2019s drop in ranking?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "Cambridge's ranking drop had nothing to do with Rahul Gandhi\u2019s talk; it was due to financial issues post-Brexit.", "claim_text": "Image shows news article on how the University of Cambridge dropped in global rankings after Congress leader Rahul Gandhi's talk.", "claim_images": ["67e0180135531374f61516c7#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Manish Saraf", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FqimW6tXgAAnS_e?format=jpg&name=medium", "original_claim_url": "https://x.com/sarafmanish1973/status/1632737780555198467", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Causal Claim", "Numerical Claim", "Event/Property Claim", "Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Numerical Comparison", "Keyword Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230402122148/https://www.vishvasnews.com/english/viral/fact-check-viral-newspaper-clipping-on-punjab-cm-bhagwant-mann-is-six-years-old-shared-with-misleading-claim/", "date": "2023-02-26", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67e0262235531374f6151876#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "It was first published six years ago.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230402122148/https://www.bhaskar.com/news/RAJ-OTH-MAT-latest-rani-news-064505-1895737-NOR.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was this photo initially featured in the newspaper?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The article reported on Bhagwant Mann stumbling multiple times during a public event in Moga Purani Anaj Mandi.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230402122148/https://www.bhaskar.com/news/RAJ-OTH-MAT-latest-rani-news-064505-1895737-NOR.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What was the main focus of the newspaper article?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The photo is old and was published six years ago, unrelated to any recent event in Moga.", "claim_text": "Punjab Chief Minister Bhagwant Mann stumbled and fell during a public meeting in Moga, Punjab.", "claim_images": ["67e0262235531374f6151876#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Adv Sunil Sharma", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://scontent.fdet1-2.fna.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/333040085_215757514237136_529024622163516449_n.jpg?stp=dst-jpg_p526x296_tt6&_nc_cat=108&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=833d8c&_nc_ohc=onSrBAikiP4Q7kNvgHbpar-&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent.fdet1-2.fna&_nc_gid=AxnHNjAX7vLa1LXIyeoH2JI&oh=00_AYBxFKjHY-S1ERStc3Kvkf5nUSBKs9za_w3hyIQ5Mw3pTQ&oe=679076A8", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/sunilsharma680/posts/pfbid0mkGWnSyaRg3EuMnDSmebromuLABRy2XYQ3MRBmNw9EeM42nF1VRJ9tiBn8PQovGol", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim", "Media Publishing Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Media Source Discovery", "Keyword Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": [], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524150941/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.33EF8F4", "date": "2023-05-01", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67e034f035531374f61519fa#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Maoist rebel group", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524150941/https://web.archive.org/web/2/https://gulfnews.com/world/asia/india/ten-indian-police-killed-in-maoist-rebel-attack-1.95363060", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who are the individuals featured in the image ?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "There is no evidence linking the Naxalite rebel group's attack on the police to any political party.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230524150941/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/maoist-leader-jagdish-and-team-planned-ied-blast-that-killed-10-policemen-in-chhattisgarh-investigation-details-maoistattack-chhattisgarh-jagdish-iedblast-drg-cpimaoist-101682619643930.html", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Is there any connection between the Naxalite rebel group's attack on the police and members of the BJP party?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "There is no evidence linking BJP leaders to the police attack; the incident involved a Naxalite rebel group.", "claim_text": "Two leaders of India\u2019s ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) were arrested in connection with a deadly attack on police in April 2023.", "claim_images": ["67e034f035531374f61519fa#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Avnish Jain", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230503072052im_/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FvB-u0pacAEh6op?format=jpg&name=900x900", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230503072052/https://twitter.com/_AvnishIND/status/1652960413418672131", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim", "Media Publishing Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Keyword Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted"], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241217211618/https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/vintage-ad-pregnant-woman-smoking/", "date": "2020-08-23", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67e039a135531374f6152050#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "boolean_explanation": "This advertisement isn\u2019t real; it was never an actual vintage promotion for smoking. \"Nico-Time\" is a fictional cigarette brand from the BioShock video game series."}], "question": "Was there ever a real advertisement for \"Nico-Time Cigarettes\" targeting expectant mothers?", "answer_method": "Image Analysis", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The ad appears in the BioShock game series, set in the fictional city of Rapture.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241217211618/https://bioshock.fandom.com/wiki/Nico-Time", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where can the Nico-Time cigarette ad actually be found?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": " The advertisement is not real; \"Nico-Time\" is a fictional cigarette brand from the BioShock video game series.", "claim_text": "A real vintage advertisement for \u201cNico-Time Cigarettes\u201d shows a pregnant woman smoking and features the caption, \u201cThe smooth taste expectant mothers crave.\u201d", "claim_images": ["67e039a135531374f6152050#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "kitkat7578", "transcription": "NICO TIME CIGARETTES THE SMOOTH TASTE EXPECTANT MOTHERS CRAVE!", "media_source": "https://preview.redd.it/wwrpkrcj0ri51.jpg?auto=webp&s=19d2e8ae91a478ca86f57d8c2d0b7060ca983b29", "original_claim_url": "https://www.reddit.com/r/funny/comments/if2kz4/retro_advert_thankfully_we_know_better_today/", "reporting_source": "Reddit", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim", "Media Publishing Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery", "Video Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230205064440/https://newsmobile.in/articles/2023/01/21/fact-check-fake-tweet-falsely-linked-to-greta-thunbergs-recent-detention-in-germany/", "date": "2023-01-19", "label": "Refuted", "location": "DE", "questions": [{"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230205064440/https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=10225116013701671&set=a.2020720311843", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "No, the tweet is fake. "}], "question": "Did Greta Thunberg post a tweet that sparked controversy after her detention?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "No, there is no record of her making such a post.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230205064440/https://twitter.com/GretaThunberg", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Did Greta Thunberg make a social media post referencing Andrew Tate?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": " Greta Thunberg never tweeted \"Rate my Andrew Tate cosplay\"; the tweet is fake.", "claim_text": "Greta Thunberg tweeted, \u201cRate my Andrew Tate cosplay\u201d alongside a picture of her being detained in Germany.", "claim_images": ["67e03c1e35531374f615267d#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Sean Owens", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://scontent-bos5-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/326857700_418662750446912_1009650680136852077_n.jpg?_nc_cat=106&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=127cfc&_nc_ohc=kC-ygHidbJsQ7kNvgHSOepo&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-bos5-1.xx&_nc_gid=A8IeKTEbQ1Vyu3TxYPCByCg&oh=00_AYBmOmziqK78UDstcZVbRKkGMdLZrRwVz3Y439gI90CjWg&oe=67A1CC32", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230205064440/https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=10225116013701671&set=a.2020720311843", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Media Publishing Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Keyword Search", "Video Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Textual refuted", "Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240822093904/https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/3d-recreation-moses-hulk-hogan/", "date": "2022-10-01", "label": "Refuted", "location": "GB", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67e03c4035531374f6152823#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "It was earlier Published in 2019.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240822093904/https://www.artstation.com/artwork/qanBR", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was this 3D model created? ", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67e03c4035531374f6152823#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The legendary wrestler Hulk Hogan", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240822093904/https://www.artstation.com/artwork/qanBR", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Whose face is depicted in the 3D model?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is false; the 3D model does not depict Moses but rather the legendary wrestler Hulk Hogan.", "claim_text": "A digital rendering accurately shows a 3D model of what Moses might have looked like, created by scientists at Exeter University.", "claim_images": ["67e03c4035531374f6152823#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "OrlaHards", "transcription": "MEME NEWS MEME ZAR SCIENTISTS AT EXETER UNIVERSITY HAVE RECONSTRUCTED THIS 3-D MODEL OF HOW MOSES MIGHT HAVE LOOKED", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230128040036im_/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FnTHjp0XgAADbro?format=jpg&name=medium", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230128040036/https://twitter.com/OrlaHards/status/1618137586861735936", "reporting_source": "Twitter", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim", "Media Publishing Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Media Source Discovery", "Image Analysis", "Fact-checker Reference"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230402113513/https://www.vishvasnews.com/english/politics/fact-check-circular-warning-employees-who-criticise-govt-is-from-jk-not-punjab/", "date": "2023-02-20", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IN", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67e04fc2926fece628d0f0a0#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Jammu and Kashmir administration.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230402113513/https://www.outlookindia.com/national/jammu-and-kashmir-employees-to-face-action-over-making-unfavourable-comments-on-govt-via-social-media-news-263442", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Which government administration issued the circular warning officials against criticizing government policies?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The circular was issued by the Jammu and Kashmir administration, not the Punjab government.", "claim_text": "Punjab govt issues circular warning against employees who criticise govt", "claim_images": ["67e04fc2926fece628d0f0a0#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Gautam Mittal", "transcription": "KEJRIWAL GOVT'S ORDER STOP CRITICISING GOVT ON SOCIAL MEDIA PUNJAB TO SEND NOTICE TO GOVT EMPLOYEES WHO CRITICISE GOVT", "media_source": "https://scontent-det1-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/332000024_1587240478411707_3379764674857164000_n.jpg?stp=dst-jpg_s600x600_tt6&_nc_cat=105&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=127cfc&_nc_ohc=x1trUYL2nhwQ7kNvgEFJybm&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-det1-1.xx&_nc_gid=Ap5oqr7xaz8DpyO-1K6MgWg&oh=00_AYCkxXSyawlmbo71688eFgmqi_wqwROgMySJnOA0nDxtxA&oe=67986548", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/gautam.mittal.311/posts/1661611684267609", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim", "Media Publishing Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Keyword Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240301214935/https://checkyourfact.com/2023/01/02/fact-check-satirical-magazine-zelenskyy-stealing-jesus/", "date": "2022-12-22", "label": "Refuted", "location": "FR", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67e05927926fece628d104be#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "There is no record of Charlie Hebdo publishing this cover. ", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240301214935/https://charliehebdo.fr/?s=Zelenskyy", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Did Charlie Hebdo publish a cover showing Zelenskyy stealing from the Nativity scene?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67e05927926fece628d104be#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": " This image does not match Charlie Hebdo's official covers.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240301214935/https://twitter.com/charlie_hebdo_", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Is this viral image a real Charlie Hebdo satire?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": " There is no record of Charlie Hebdo publishing such a cover, and the viral image does not match the magazine's official covers.", "claim_text": "The new cover of \"Charlie Hebdo\" is dedicated to Zelensky stealing Christmas.", "claim_images": ["67e05927926fece628d104be#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Debbie Rodrigues Wolgemuth", "transcription": "CHARLIE HEBDO NUM\u00c9RO SP\u00c9CIAL The new cover of \"Charlie Hebdo\" is dedicated to Zelensky stealing Christmas. \"Stop whining, I need it more!\" says Zelensky, running away with the gifts of the Magi.", "media_source": "https://scontent-det1-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t39.30808-6/321117136_1315460689250508_2049330214017031244_n.jpg?_nc_cat=111&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=127cfc&_nc_ohc=QPD-u9yysysQ7kNvgHyE2YU&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-det1-1.xx&_nc_gid=A4cny-2F0a1MsRahhYtmBgo&oh=00_AYDx4Vh2CbGX78jjlqIkvisAH5uxxwMTJhQIGX-QeUDy-w&oe=679879DA", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/wolgemuthsd/posts/pfbid0Bze5AAhdMhCyjcQnMF7Cyd8TTPrV4vD1MfFvkjJ2Fib8Pj5CNd63riiJi9hPY6ril", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim", "Media Publishing Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Keyword Search", "Image Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250217190803/https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/jill-biden-young-photo/", "date": "2020-12-19", "label": "Supported", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67f83a87b9f34f625411b50b#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Tom Stiltz", "source_url": "https://www.instagram.com/p/CEIa3Prnwvy/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the name of the photographer that took the photo?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67f83a87b9f34f625411b50b#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": " It was taken in 1974 by artist and professional photographer Tom Stiltz, who posted the image on his Instagram account in 2020.", "source_url": "https://www.instagram.com/p/CEIa3Prnwvy/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was the photo taken?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67f83a87b9f34f625411b50b#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "I took this photo of Jill Biden in 1974. I used it as part of display for New Castle County Parks and Rec. Sen. Biden saw the photo in Wilmington Airport and his brother got her phone# and the rest is history. Her staff tracked me and the photo down a month ago and used it in her video bio. ", "source_url": "https://www.instagram.com/p/CEIa3Prnwvy/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the caption to the photo written by the photographer say?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "CLAIM_IMG_0 was taken in 1974 by artist and professional photographer Tom Stiltz. Tom Stilz states, \"I took this photo of Jill Biden in 1974. I used it as part of display for New Castle County Parks and Rec.\"", "claim_text": "A photograph authentically shows former first lady Jill Biden as a young woman.", "claim_images": ["67f83a87b9f34f625411b50b#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Roel Resources LLC", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=3508601132521026&id=489865071061329&set=a.489871031060733", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim", "Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery", "Image Analysis", "Video Analysis"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": [], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250317023400/https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/laika-dog-space-photos/", "date": "2021-10-18", "label": "Supported", "location": "RU", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67fac98e3c09237bbcc6ac0d#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "1957", "source_url": "https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/close-up-of-laika-the-dog-used-to-relay-biomedical-news-photo/3330225?adppopup=true", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was this photo originally captured?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67fac98e3c09237bbcc6ac0d#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Laika, the dog used to relay biomedical information in the Soviet 'Sputnik II' outer-space investigation programme.", "source_url": "https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/close-up-of-laika-the-dog-used-to-relay-biomedical-news-photo/3330225?adppopup=true", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Which dog is featured in this photo?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "Yes, the photos genuinely show Laika, the dog launched into space aboard Sputnik 2 in 1957.", "claim_text": "Black-and-white photographs authentically show Laika, a Moscow mutt sent to space aboard Sputnik 2 in 1957.", "claim_images": ["67fac98e3c09237bbcc6ac0d#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "mediumhydroncollider", "transcription": "One of the technicians preparing the capsule before final liftoff stated that \"after placing Laika in the container and before closing the hatch, we kissed her nose and wished her bon voyage, knowing that she would not survive the flight.\"", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://www.reddit.com/r/MadeMeCry/comments/qbaa29/the_last_moments_on_earth_for_laika_the_dog/", "reporting_source": "Reddit", "claim_types": ["Numerical Claim", "Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": [], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241225215817/https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/1979-photo-worker-fixing-antenna-wtc/", "date": "2020-09-10", "label": "Supported", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67fae2f13c09237bbcc6b4fb#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "1979", "source_url": "https://old.skyscraper.org/EXHIBITIONS/TEN_TOPS/twintowers.php", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "When was this photo originally captured?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67fae2f13c09237bbcc6b4fb#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "These images of the erection of the antenna atop the North Tower of the original World Trade Center in 1979 were taken by Peter B. Kaplan, the fearless photographer who specializes in heights and construction views.", "source_url": "https://old.skyscraper.org/EXHIBITIONS/TEN_TOPS/twintowers.php", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the photo depict?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The answers confirm the photo was taken in 1979 and show the installation of the antenna on the North Tower of the World Trade Center. The photographer, Peter B. Kaplan, is known for capturing high-altitude construction work, lending credibility to the image\u2019s authenticity.", "claim_text": "A 1979 photograph authentically depicts a person fixing an antenna on the World Trade Center.", "claim_images": ["67fae2f13c09237bbcc6b4fb#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "This is NYC", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/thisis5boros/photos/a.467770690400619/951111148733235/?type=3", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim", "Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Media Source Discovery", "Keyword Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": [], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250407184221/https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/giant-horse-conch-photo/", "date": "2019-03-18", "label": "Supported", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67faf7bb3c09237bbcc6c5ca#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "On mud flat, Kice Island, just south of Marco Island, Collier County, Florida", "source_url": "https://www.jaxshells.org/p3149.htm", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where was this photo originally captured?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Marco Island is in southwestern Collier County, along the Gulf of Mexico.", "source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marco_Island,_Florida", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where is Marco Island in relation to the Gulf of Mexico?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Commonsense-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67faf7bb3c09237bbcc6c5ca#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Triplofusus giganteus (Kiener, 1840) Horse Conch", "source_url": "https://www.jaxshells.org/p3149.htm", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What does the image depict?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The question-answer pairs provide a clear connection between the claim and the information, confirming that the object in the image is a \"horse conch\" (Triplofusus giganteus) and is located in a region near the Gulf of Mexico.", "claim_text": "Photograph shared on social media shows a \"giant horse conch\" discovered in the waters of the Gulf of Mexico.", "claim_images": ["67faf7bb3c09237bbcc6c5ca#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Morty_Goldman", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240910194612/https://www.reddit.com/r/NatureIsFuckingLit/comments/b2cfsz/the_triplofusus_giganteus_aka_the_florida_horse/", "reporting_source": "Reddit", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim", "Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Media Source Discovery"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": [], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250407185307/https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/photo-human-eye-close-up/", "date": "2016-12-20", "label": "Supported", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67fcb3a4981b50d13f43b67c#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The image was taken by Armenian photographer Suren Manvelyan. ", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250407185307/https://www.nature.com/articles/544296a", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Who took the viral close-up photograph of the human eye?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67fcb3a4981b50d13f43b67c#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Yes, it appeared in a 2017 article in the peer-reviewed journal, Nature and is part of Malvelyan\u2019s photo project 'Your beautiful eyes'.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250407185307/https://www.snopes.com/news/2022/03/30/snopes-tips-why-care-if-research-is-peer-reviewed/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Was the image published in any reputable outlet or scientific source?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The image was taken by a recognized photographer, Suren Manvelyan, and was published in a reputable journal, Nature, validating the claim.\n", "claim_text": "A viral photograph authentically provides a macro close-up look at the human eye.", "claim_images": ["67fcb3a4981b50d13f43b67c#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@AntonioParis", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://x.com/AntonioParis/status/811006124308643840", "reporting_source": "X (Formerly Twitter) ", "claim_types": ["Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": [], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250407185637/https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/pile-bison-bones-photo/", "date": "2016-01-31", "label": "Supported", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67fcba2c981b50d13f444587#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The photo depicts a man standing on a huge pile of bison skulls, illustrating the mass slaughter of bison in the 19th century.  "}], "question": "What does the photo of the man standing on bison skulls depict?", "answer_method": "Image Analysis", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67fcba2c981b50d13f444587#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": " Bison skulls were collected to be ground into fertilizer, and their destruction was part of efforts to disrupt Native American livelihoods.  ", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250407185637/https://digitalcollections.detroitpubliclibrary.org/islandora/object/islandora%3A151477", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What was the purpose of collecting bison skulls in the 19th century?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": " The photo accurately depicts a man standing on a pile of bison skulls, representing the historical event of mass bison slaughter.", "claim_text": "A photograph shows a man standing on top of a towering pile of bison skulls.", "claim_images": ["67fcba2c981b50d13f444587#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "", "reporting_source": "Facebook ", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim", "Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": [], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250407190102/https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/photoshoot-angelina-jolie-brad-pitt/", "date": "2005-06-30", "label": "Supported", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67fcc7fd981b50d13f4453b1#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Brad Pitt conceptualized the photoshoot and retained international rights to it.  "}], "question": "Who conceptualized the 2005 photoshoot featuring Angelina Jolie and Brad Pitt?", "answer_method": "Image Analysis", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "Yes, the photos of Angelina Jolie and Brad Pitt are from a real 2005 shoot.\n\n", "claim_text": "Images authentically depict Angelina Jolie and Brad Pitt in a 2005 photoshoot.", "claim_images": ["67fcc7fd981b50d13f4453b1#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "W Staff", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20231220192643/https://www.wmagazine.com/gallery/brad-pitt-angelina-jolie", "reporting_source": "wmagazine", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim", "Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": [], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241129145843/https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/photo-twin-towers-911-woman/", "date": "2013-01-01", "label": "Supported", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67f86013b9f34f625412162a#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://www.instagram.com/p/CTvHm0kB993/?img_index=5", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Snopes traced the image back to Los Angeles-based photographer Ari Abramczyk, who confirmed via email she took picture. She also showed us other photographs she captured from that moment but asked us not to publish them. Abramczyk provided Snopes with the original files, where the metadata showed they were taken on the morning of Sept. 11, 2001."}], "question": "Is this an authentic photo from 9/11?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67f86013b9f34f625412162a#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "She said she was working as a model at the time and lived with three other models in her Tribeca apartment. On the morning of Sept. 11, she was woken up by an \"incredibly intense\" sound that shook the building.Abramczyk explained that she grabbed her camera and went up to the roof to take photos to process what was happening.\n\n\"It was a shield between me and the world. I didn't know what else to do,\" she wrote.\n\n\"One of my new roommates sat down on the ledge, and I saw this wild juxtaposition between her beauty and the horror in front of us, and I took the picture.\"", "source_url": "https://www.instagram.com/p/CTvHm0kB993/?img_index=5", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What is the story behind the image?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "CLAIM_IMG_0 was taken by photographer Ari Abramczyk stating, she was living in New York at  with three other models in a Tribeca apartment. On the morning of Sept. 11, 2001 she was woken up by an \"incredibly intense\" sound that shook the building.  She grabbed her camera and went up to the roof to take photos to process what was happening. One of her new roommates sat down on the ledge, and she saw this wild juxtaposition between her beauty and the horror in front of them, and she took the picture. She provided her original files to Snopes where the metadata shows the photo was taken on the morning of 11 Sep 2001.", "claim_text": "A photo shared online in 2024 authentically showed a young woman seated on a building ledge, watching one of the Twin Towers burn during the 9/11 terrorist attacks in the U.S.", "claim_images": ["67f86013b9f34f625412162a#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "karaxelizabeth12", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://www.instagram.com/p/CTtKuY3lj8b/", "original_claim_url": "https://www.flickr.com/photos/karaxelizabethh/8385272878", "reporting_source": "flickr", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Media Source Discovery"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": [], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240711110656/https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/magic-roundabout-photo/", "date": "2016-08-02", "label": "Supported", "location": "GB", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67f786601c10ad2b61108a6e#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://swindonpost.co.uk/magic-roundabout-swindon", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The image shows The Magic Roundabout. Designed by Frank Blackmore, a traffic engineer at the British Transport and Road Research Laboratory, The Magic Roundabout features five smaller roundabouts arranged in a circle, making it a highly unusual and complex intersection."}], "question": "Does the image show a real traffic roundabout composed of five mini-roundabouts?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67f786601c10ad2b61108a6e#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The Magic Roundabout is a remarkable circular junction situated in Swindon, Wiltshire, South West England. It is located close to County Ground.", "source_url": "https://swindonpost.co.uk/magic-roundabout-swindon", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where is the Magic Roundabout in the photo located?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "Based on the QA pairs, the claim is supported. The image shows a real traffic roundabout situated in Swindon, Wiltshire , South West England.", "claim_text": "A photograph shared widely online shows a real traffic roundabout consisting of five mini-roundabouts.", "claim_images": ["67f786601c10ad2b61108a6e#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Aarian Marshall", "transcription": "", "media_source": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240306150959/https://tineye.com/search/4fe39bea01d4fc0fc73fc52963f58ebaeabe5a5d?sort=crawl_date&order=asc&page=1", "original_claim_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240306152117/https://www.wired.com/2016/08/brilliant-sorcery-englands-7-circle-magic-roundabout/", "reporting_source": "Wired", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim", "Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Video Analysis", "Geolocation"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": [], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250329184705/https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/soviet-soldier-photos-wwii/", "date": "2020-05-22", "label": "Supported", "location": "RU", "questions": [{"input_images": ["67f7c0c41c10ad2b61123eaf#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Yes, the photos show Evgeny Kobytev, an artist and soldier, before he enlisted in 1941 and after his service in 1945.", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250329184705im_/https://media-proxy.snopes.com/width/600?url=https://media.snopes.com/2024/06/kobytev_dr_thehistories.png", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Do the photos show the same Soviet soldier before and after WWII?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["67f7c0c41c10ad2b61123eaf#INPUT#1#0.jpg", "67f7c0c41c10ad2b61123eaf#INPUT#1#1.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://x.com/fakehistoryhunt/status/1430376742573813761", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "@fakehistoryhunt stated on Twitter on 25th of August, 2021, on X, \"I'm getting a lot of questions about these photos, so here's what I've found;\nThe photos show \u0415\u0432\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0421\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0442\u0435\u0432 (Evgeny Stepanovich Kobytev) and yes, it's the same man in both photos and yes, before and after his experiences during WW2.\nBut there's more.\""}, {"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "Yes", "source_url": "https://archive.ph/jP3E4", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "Evgeny Kobitev before and after the war. "}], "question": "Do these images depict the same man? ", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}], "justification": "The photos are of the same man, Evgeny Kobytev. The pictures have been posted on several sites showing his photo before the war 1941 and after his service in 1945.", "claim_text": "Photos shared in viral social media and blog posts authentically depict the same Soviet soldier, Evgeny Kobytev, before and after WWII.", "claim_images": ["67f7c0c41c10ad2b61123eaf#CLAIM#0.jpg", "67f7c0c41c10ad2b61123eaf#CLAIM#1.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "@Dr_TheHistories", "transcription": "", "media_source": "http://mus-pozdeyev.ru/p2/news/32/", "original_claim_url": "https://archive.ph/dHu09", "reporting_source": "X", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Reverse Image Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": [], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250416162223/https://www.newsmobile.in/nm-fact-checker/fact-check-image-from-2023-falsely-shared-as-recent-rafah-strike/", "date": "2022-05-26", "label": "Refuted", "location": "IL", "questions": [{"input_images": ["680d221fa593b4e4ef14c640#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "The image was found on a Instagram post by user soliman__farra from 25 December 2023.", "source_url": "https://www.instagram.com/p/C1SZMUgLPKY/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Has the image been found on any websites after a reverse image search?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["680d221fa593b4e4ef14c640#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "An indescribable scene of dozens of martyrs in a brutal massacre committed by the Israeli occupation in the Al-Maghazi camp in Deir al-Balah in the Gaza Strip.", "source_url": "https://www.instagram.com/p/C1SZMUgLPKY/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where did the incident happen?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["680d221fa593b4e4ef14c640#INPUT#2#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "A news article on Middle East Eye covers the story and states \"War on Gaza: At least 70 Palestinians killed in Israeli attack on Gaza refugee camp\"", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250421101657/https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/war-gaza-israel-palestine-scores-killed-attack-maghazi-refugee-camp", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Are there any news reports covering this incident?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["680d221fa593b4e4ef14c640#INPUT#3#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The Maghazi camp in central Gaza, which Palestinian officials say was 'completely residential', was targeted overnight on Sunday", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250421101657/https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/war-gaza-israel-palestine-scores-killed-attack-maghazi-refugee-camp", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where does the news report say the incident happened?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "Central Gaza", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250421101657/https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/war-gaza-israel-palestine-scores-killed-attack-maghazi-refugee-camp", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where is the Maghazi camp?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Abstractive", "answer_text": "Rafah sits between Egypt and Palestine in the south of the Gaza strip.", "source_url": "https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20140125-a-tale-of-a-city-split-into-two/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "Where is Rafah?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The claim is refuted by proving that the incident occurred in central Gaza in Deir al-Balah, while Rafah is located in southern Gaza.", "claim_text": "Image shows multiple covered bodies with people standing nearby in Rafah.", "claim_images": ["680d221fa593b4e4ef14c640#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": "Bisan Owda", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=122149299434155970&set=a.122121824696155970", "reporting_source": "Facebook", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Media Source Discovery", "Reverse Image Search", "Keyword Search"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": ["Misuse of images"], "image_misuse_types": ["Out-of-context"], "image_used": "Yes"}}, {"article": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250416183749/https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/rome-map-roads/", "date": "2015-12-15", "label": "Refuted", "location": "US", "questions": [{"input_images": ["680bae8fa593b4e4ef122c80#INPUT#0#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "\u201cRoads to Rome\u201d is a data visualization project that explores the idiom, \u201call roads lead to Rome\u201d. ", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241207170521/https://benedikt-gross.de/projects/roads-to-rome/", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "How was the map shown in the 0-th image created?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": ["680bae8fa593b4e4ef122c80#INPUT#1#0.jpg"], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241207170521/https://benedikt-gross.de/projects/roads-to-rome/", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": "The project is described by creators as data art and unveils mobility patterns at a very large scale. "}], "question": "Is the map seen in the 0-th image a genuine road map?", "answer_method": "Image-search", "question_type": ["Image-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Boolean", "answer_text": "No", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250416235134/https://www.vice.com/en/article/do-all-roads-lead-to-rome-the-answer-is-surprisingly-beautiful/", "source_medium": "Web text", "boolean_explanation": " all its roads can\u2019t actually all lead to Rome "}], "question": "Do all roads lead to Rome?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}, {"input_images": [], "answers": [{"answer_type": "Extractive", "answer_text": "The authors refer to the maps which had been created as \u2018data\nart\u2019. ", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250418194514/https://visap.uic.edu/2016/materials/05_visap-0135-paper_Reimann.pdf", "source_medium": "Web text"}], "question": "What disclaimer did the map making team include in the All Roads Lead to Rome project description?", "answer_method": "Text-search", "question_type": ["Text-related"]}], "justification": "The map referenced in the claim is a data visualization artwork titled \u201cRoads to Rome.\u201d It is not an actual road map but a conceptual project illustrating mobility patterns across Europe. The creators explicitly describe it as \"data art\" and acknowledge that not all roads literally lead to Rome. The visual is symbolic, not a factual representation of road infrastructure.", "claim_text": "A map shows how \"all roads lead to Rome.\"", "claim_images": ["680bae8fa593b4e4ef122c80#CLAIM#0.jpg"], "metadata": {"speaker": " Gabrielle Bruney", "transcription": "", "media_source": "", "original_claim_url": "https://www.vice.com/en/article/do-all-roads-lead-to-rome-the-answer-is-surprisingly-beautiful/", "reporting_source": "VICE", "claim_types": ["Event/Property Claim", "Media Analysis Claim"], "fact_checking_strategies": ["Written Evidence", "Consultation", "Media Source Discovery"], "modality": "Image-text", "refuting_reasons": [], "image_misuse_types": [], "image_used": "Yes"}}]