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with neural networks is of the way that ah we would be starting down understanding as
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comes into it but before starting down any of these aspects over there the first introduction
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which we need to have very clear in our minds is about what do we define as something called
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as learning now if you go down by the very classical definition
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on machine learning is ah what outlines it out and the outline is something like this
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that a computer program is said to learn from certain experience e with respect to a certain
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class of task t and a performance measure p so if you see there are three attributes
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factor which is called as an experience e there is a particular task which it has to
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perform t and there is a performance measure p
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classification right so we are not doing any other task so this this was like if i want
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to just find out whether there is a ball in the image or there isnt a ball then thats
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as my experience was increasing which is my number of epochs over which i was translating
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that means that i am somehow able to measure my performance and see that the performance
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is increasing so as the performance increases it becomes more and more accurate and accordingly
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to learn if this performance on a task t which is of my classification as measured by this
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learning is all centered around in fact human learning is also quite similar there also
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as as human beings when we say that we are learning about something then the whole task
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of learning is when we are able to really getting more
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standard definition now once we have been able to define that one lets look into trying
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to demystify what this would mean now lets get down with a very basic problem
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have you been what have you seen what have you learned whatever you experience and then
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humankind gains over there so if this is the image which is given down
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even there i mean this this blind person to somehow know and contemplate on your own experience
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of this one or a very simple thing which is called as an image captioning problem as of
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today so what will happen is something like this
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that as you would see that initially a computer program it if it is a so it will be doing
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over there what you would see is that as its able to understand and recognize each block
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increasing along that one now going down through that one what happens is that in the next
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instant that it will be able to identify some more objects over there and they are those
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and there is a great wall tower and finally it can identify these different
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equivalent of whatever it has identified over here now the interesting aspect which happens
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to that experience now as it took all of this a good amount of time coming down over there
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to the sentence so there is a lot of error so finally when you go closely on the sentence
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now now that we know that this is what essentially we meant down when we were saying down that
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its learning something the next objective is to understand what was it learning and
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how was it learning more than what it is actually how does it actually go on to learn this one
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so lets again get back over there so as you see in the whole image you would be getting
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down the image first and then the first objective over there is to break it down into some number
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it comes and lets say that this is breaking down an image into its salient segments now
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to identify some of these segments or what is also called as an objectification task
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then the machine is able to find out that there are certain number of inanimate objects
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that there are humans over there it will try to recognize humans find out who is who actually
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and this is essentially what what this machine is able to do but the question is even bigger
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the question is that we know that how it was learning was by doing something of this sort
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and the deeper it keeps on going so that is over the hierarchy as it keeps on going which
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keeps on climbing climbing climbing up to the description of the scene so as it keeps
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it and now the aspect of deep learning says that
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as its able to go down so its obviously gaining this depth by gaining looking at more number
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of images getting down more and more experience and accordingly its its performance is increasing
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the major question which we have as of now so ah i would give you a few seconds to actually
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ponder on this one whether its unique or not do you think there can be a non unique way
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would make a replica of this itself now let me just remove certain of these connections
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these blocks is still the same whereas the order in which the blocks were connected somehow
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here as you look into over here what happens is that you can still put down image it will
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goes on to recognize and some of you can even say that we can pull
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the inanimate things over there and thats thats perfectly fine i mean thats also another
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possibility of doing it so as you see what happens is essentially it turns out that there
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so as researchers for us its a very interesting point because we know that there can be multiple
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a product development perspective its really really a very dicey situation because if you
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have non unique ways of solving a problem that means you will have to explode down each
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and every possibility of solving out that problem and find out which is the best possible
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solution in order to achieve a solution to this problem
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only way of doing and and and this this problem this this challenge which we have over here
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way of solving this problem and yet more another way of in fact there are certain interesting
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papers which do come out in conferences which called as yet another way of solving this
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but then the point is is that the only issue which comes out or or can there be some other
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ways of doing it as well so as it turns out this is not the only challenge
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on this small block itself ok so that should be enough to say whether there is so this
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of a body part recognition or run down one classifier which can identify which which
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and this is a body part recognition now once i have my body part recognition what you can
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do is between these body parts i can draw down lines and find out what are the distance
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these distance relationships the angles in which they vary and then using that these
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are very pretty different over there then the posture because i they they dont always
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different the posture is different the distance between the legs and the hands are different
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the the angles at which these things are connected they are also pretty different and thats what
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which is like if human beings are present over there in black and whites this is what
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ways and two non unique ways of detecting humans and as it turns out that you can have
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speech and and apparently it turns out that there is no unique way of doing it
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processing which is from your sentences can you make inferences out of it or say today
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it knows that it has to put down get todays date and generate a query to our website on
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now from there there are interesting problems on hierarchical and transfer learning as well
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and so we would eventually go down a bit later on into what this transfer learning and hierarchical
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learning is all about and it it does exist in the field of medical imaging and image
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scope for researchers was for a longer duration of time but today if you see with the advent
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what we come down to is lets come down to the most consistent solution available by
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dilemma and for that whats done is something of that sort so say you have this image captioning
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problem over there so what i can do is i can take an image i can organize all the pixels
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subsequent nodes over there and now finally what it would do is that there is it would
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generate some sort of an output which would say that there is a great wall behind and
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there and if you look into this one what what this
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the pixels and from pixels it will translate to some alternate representations by clubbing
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all the pixels together into one representation than another and then subsequently as it goes
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certain labels over there now carefully getting back this model actually
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on on simple neural networks so we will get down into exactly what how the mathematics
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layers and each of this is what is called as a hidden layer the reason its hidden is
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of these layers like its its no target output which comes out the target output only comes
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so these output layer and the input layer to which you give an input and you draw an
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output from is what is called as the visible layers and inside all of these intermediate
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as the hidden layers over there now as you get a multi layer perceptron what comes down
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is that you will also have to train a multi layer perceptron
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