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  data_files:
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  - split: train
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  path: data/train-*
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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  ---
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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  data_files:
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  - split: train
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  path: data/train-*
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+ license: cc
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+ language:
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+ - en
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+ tags:
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+ - planet
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+ - multimodal
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+ - retrieval
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+ size_categories:
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+ - 1K<n<10K
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  ---
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+
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+ # Landform Retrieval
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+
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+ ## Dataset Summary
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+
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+ This dataset is Task 2 of [**MarsRetrieval**](https://github.com/ml-stat-Sustech/MarsRetrieval), a retrieval-centric benchmark for evaluating vision-language models (VLMs) on Mars geospatial discovery. Task 2 evaluates **concept-to-instance generalization** for Martian geomorphology. Given a textual geomorphic concept, the model must retrieve its corresponding visual instances from a curated Martian image gallery. The dataset comprises **1,185** carefully curated image patches collected from CTX and HiRISE imagery. The landforms follow a two-level geomorphology taxonomy:
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+
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+ - **7 major genetic classes** (e.g., Aeolian, Volcanic and Fluvial processes)
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+ - **48 geomorphic subclasses** (e.g., Aeolian Dunes, Dust Devil Tracks, Yardangs)
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+
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+ ## Task Formulation
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+ We formulate this task as a **text-to-image multi-positive retrieval problem**:
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+
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+ - A text query describes a geomorphic subclass.
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+ - Multiple image instances in the gallery are considered valid positives.
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+ - The goal is to rank all gallery images by cosine similarity in the embedding space.
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+
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+
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+ ### Metrics
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+ We report metrics suitable for long-tailed multi-positive retrieval:
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+
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+ - Macro mean Average Precision (mAP)
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+ - nDCG@10
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+ - Hits@10
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+
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+
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+ ## How to Use
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+ ```python
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+ from datasets import load_dataset
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+
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+ # Load the dataset
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+ dataset = load_dataset("SUSTech/marsretrieval-t2-landforms")
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+
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+ # Access a sample image and its geomorphic label
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+ print(dataset["train"][0]["image"])
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+ print(dataset["train"][0]["label"])
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+ ```
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+ For detailed instructions on the retrieval-centric protocol and official evaluation scripts, please refer to our [Official Dataset Documentation](https://github.com/ml-stat-Sustech/MarsRetrieval/blob/main/docs/DATASET.md).
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+
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+ ## Citation
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+
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+ If you find this useful in your research, please consider citing:
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+
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+ ```bibtex
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+ @article{wang2026marsretrieval,
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+ title={MARSRETRIEVAL: BENCHMARKING VISION-LANGUAGE MODELS FOR PLANETARY-SCALE GEOSPATIAL RETRIEVAL ON MARS},
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+ author={Wang, Shuoyuan and Wang, Yiran and Wei, Hongxin},
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+ journal={arXiv preprint},
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+ year={2026}
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+ }
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+ ```