Elementary Multiperspective Material Ontology (EMMO) EMMO is a multidisciplinary effort to develop a standard representational framework (the ontology) based on current materials modelling knowledge, including physical sciences, analytical philosophy and information and communication technologies. It provides the connection between the physical world, materials characterisation world and materials modelling world. EMMO is released under a Creative Commons license Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).
EMMO
F. A. Zaccarini, C. Masolo, E. Ghedini, and S. Borgo. From Causation (and Parthood) to Time: The Case of EMMO (2023) doi: 10.3233/FAIA231120
European Commission, Directorate-General for Research and Innovation, Baas, A., What makes a material function? - Let me compute the ways - Modelling in H2020 LEIT-NMBP programme materials and nanotechnology projects -Sixth version - Short version, Baas, A.(editor), Publications Office of the European Union, 2017, https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2777/404734
CWA 17815, Materials characterisation - Terminology, metadata and classification. Led by EMMC. 2017. https://www.cencenelec.eu/media/CEN-CENELEC/CWAs/ICT/cwa17815.pdf
Elementary Multiperspective Material Ontology (EMMO)
First release candidate for v1.0.0 of the top-level ontology.
The EMMO should be reasoned in order to visualize all inferences and class hierarchy in Protege (ctrl+R hotkey). It is tested with both the HermiT (preferred) and HermiT reasoners.
Relates a prefixed unit to its unit symbol part.
hasUnitSymbol
A temporal relation between two entities occurs when the two entities are in a one directional causality relation. The idea is that a temporal relation always implies a one-directional causality between two entities, leading to a asymmetric relation. This means that the causing entity can be in direct and optionally indirect causality relation with the effect entity. On the contrary, the effect entity cannot be in any causal relation (direct or indirect) with the causing entity.
A time contact occurs when x isDirectCause y and not(y isCauseOf x).
Each pair of entities in direct causality relation is either in hasNext or hasTwoWayCauseWith relation. The two are mutually exclusive.
precedes
foregoes
hasNext
isBefore
My life between 18-24 years has next my life between 24-32 years.
The raw sample has next the treated sampled, which has next the examined sample. In this sense the whole sample is made of three states, connected by the has next relation, following its evolution in time.
This relation is asymmetric and irreflexive.
A causal relation between the causing and the effected entities occurring without intermediaries.
Direct causality is a concept that captures the idea of direct interaction between two entities, given the fact that there are no causal intermediaries between them. It requires that at least a quantum of the causing entity is direct cause of a quantum of the caused entity. It does not exclude the possibility of other indirect causal routes between some proper parts of the two entities. The direct causality in a 4D ontology covers both time-like causal interaction (when causality is one-way from one entity to another) and space-like causal interaction (when causality is two-way between two entities).
Direct cause is irreflexive.
directlyCauses
isDirectCauseOf
Direct cause provides the edges for the transitive restriction of the direct acyclic causal graph whose nodes are the quantum entities.
A relation between entities that are only one-directionally causally connected.
A relation jointly covered by hasNext and hasSuccessor relations, which are mutually exclusive.
isTemporallyBefore
follows
isNextOf
succeeds
A spatial contact between two entities occurs when the two entities are in an interaction relation whose causal structure is a representation of the fundamental interactions between elementary particles (Feynman diagrams). It means that if two entities are in contact, then there is at least a couple of elementary particles, one part of the first and one part of the second, interacting according to one of the fundamental interactions through virtual particles. This kind of connection is space-like (i.e. interconnecting force carrier particle is offshelf). Contacts between two entities exclude the possibility of other causal relations that are not included in a fundamental space-like interaction.
An interaction that is the sum of direct causality relations between two entities that are interpretable as fundamental physical interactions.
Spatial contact is symmetric and irreflexive.
contacts
adjacentWith
hasSpatialnteractionWith
touches
An elementary electron is in contact with another elementary electron in a scattering process.
The laptop is in contact with the desk, since there is a double-directional causality.
The contact relation is not an ordering relation since is symmetric.
isAfter
isTemporallyAfter
isCausedBy
A part is always distinct xor redundant.
The superproperty of the all object property relations between a whole and its mereological parts of the same type.
hasRedundantPart
A volume of water has redundand parts other volumes of water. All this volumes have holistic parts some water molecules.
The proper part relation has the following pair-covering sub-relations: - hasMembers xor hasPiece - hasPortionPart xor hasGatheredPart . hasItemPart xor hasScatteredPart
The relation between an entity and one of its parts, when both entities are distinct.
hasProperPart
isRedundantPartOf
hasSign
The chemical symbol of an atomic element.
hasChemicalSymbol
The generic EMMO semiotical relation.
semiotical
The superclass for all relations used by the EMMO.
EMMORelation
Direct parthood is the non transitive version of parthood enabling the establishment of hierarchy of granularities, starting with an entity and providing several granularity levels of parthood.
The non-transitive version of proper parthood property.
hasDirectPart
hasImmediatePart
isDirectPartOf
A relation between the whole and one of its tiles, where the tile is only spatially connected with the other tiles forming the tessellation.
hasSpatialTile
hasSpatialDirectPart
indirectlyCausedBy
hasIndirectCause
A causal relation between the effected and the causing entities with intermediaries.
An indirect cause is a relation between two entities that is mediated by a intermediate entity. In other words, there are no quantum parts of the causing entity that are direct cause of quantum parts of the caused entity.
indirectlyCauses
influences
isIndirectCauseOf
A relation connecting a sign to the interpreter in a semiotic process.
isInterpretedBy
The relation between a collection and one of its item members.
hasSingleMember
hasMember
A maximal part is a proper part that is not connected with the rest of the whole.
A proper part which is not connected with the rest of the whole.
The relation between individuals representing a collection and one or more of its members.
hasMaximalPart
A sub collection relation where the proper part is fully encompasses some of the members of the collection.
hasMultipleMembers
A semiotic relation that connects a declared semiotic object to a conventional sign in a declaration process.
hasConvention
A relation that connects the semiotic object to the sign in a semiotic process.
isRepresentedBy
The relation between individuals representing non-overlapping entities (i.e. that have no parts in common).
notOverlaps
disjointWith
The relation between two individuals representing entities that share at least one of their parts.
overlaps
A semiotic relation that connects a description to a declared semiotic objec in a declaration process.
isDescriptionFor
isConventionFor
A conventional semiotic relation that relates a physical quantity to its unit.
hasMeasurementUnit
Length hasUnit only LengthUnit
A relation that connects the interpreter to the semiotic object in a semiotic process.
providesInterpretation
A tile that is connected with other tiles with bi-directional causal relations that fall under hasNext (or its inverse) or hasContact.
This owl:ObjectProperty is, like its super property, a mere collector of direct parthoods that manifest a spatiotemporal meaningful shape.
hasWellFormedTile
directlyCausedBye
A relation jointly covered by Contact and InteractWith relations, which are mutually exclusive.
Spatial relations between entities are represented in the EMMO as bidirectional causality, meaning that both entities are at the beginning and at the end of causal paths connecting them. This type of relation represent the coexistence of two entities in the a spatial arrangement. The symmetric characteristic of this relation implies that it is not possible to order them and is related to the arbitrary choice of reference frames. Subclasses of spatial relations may be defined as asymmetric and introduce a spatial order, for example est to west, or internal to external layer..
The relation between entities that express a mutual causation.
coexistsWith
isSpatiallyRelatedWith
A relation between an entity that causally affects another.
Each pair of causally connected entities is either in isDirectCauseOf or isIndirectCauseOf relation. The two are mutually exclusive.
We say that an entity causes another if there is a quantum part of the first that is in causal relation with a quantum parts of the second. More formally, causality is defined as a relation between individuals x and y that holds if and only if: a) x having a part that is causing an effect on a part of y b) x and y are non-overlapping An entity cannot cause itself or a part of itself. For this reasons causality between entities excludes reflexivity and prevents them to overlap. The existence of one-directional of bi-directional causality relations between two entities is what reconstruct time-like and space-like relations, respectively.
isCauseOf
causes
John yesterday is the cause of John today, is an example of temporal-like causality. The desk supporting my laptop is a space-like causality.
The OWL 2 DL version of the EMMO introduces this object property as primitive causal relation. It refers to the macro causality relation mC(x,y), defined in the EMMO FOL version. While the EMMO FOL introduces the quantum causality relation C(x,y) as primitive, the OWL 2 DL version of the EMMO substantially simplifies the theory, neglecting these lower level relations that are well above DL expressivity. For this reason the EMMO OWL 2 DL will only deal with macro causality relations, sacrificing the full FOL theory expressivity for the sake of simplicity.
The cause relation applies to both quantums and macro-entities (entities made of more than one quantum). It is admissible for two entities to be one the cause of the other, excepts when they are both quantums.
A semiotic relation connecting a deducing interpreter to the "deduced" semiotic object in a deduction process.
hasDeduced
isDeducedBy
A causal relation between the y effected and the x causing entities with intermediaries, where x isCauseOf y and not(y isCauseOf x).
Transitivity is implemented at A-Box level with a SWRL rule.
foreruns
hasSuccessor
isAntecedentOf
predecessorOf
My life between 18-24 years has successor my life between 32-40 years, since there is an intermediary (i.e. my life between 25-32 years).
hasReferent
Relates a dataset to its datum.
hasDatum
A part of an item is always non-maximal, meaning that is causally connected with the rest.
A proper part relation with domain restricted to items.
hasPortionPart
Assigns a quantity to an object by convention.
An object can be represented by a quantity for the fact that it has been recognized to belong to a specific class. The quantity is selected without an observation aimed to measure its actual value, but by convention.
hasConventionalProperty
An Hydrogen atom has the quantity atomic number Z = 1 as its conventional property.
Relates an object to a quantity describing a quantifiable property of the object obtained via a well-defined procedure.
hasObjectiveProperty
partakesIn
The relation between two entities that overlaps and neither of both is part of the other.
properOverlaps
Causality in the EMMO is intended as physical causation and not counter-factual. Meaning that causality is an expression of actual physical interactions, and not of a counterfactual depence such as “I didn't water the flowers, hence, I'm the cause of their death”.
Causality is the fundamental concept describing how entities affect each other, and conceptually precedes time and space relations. In the EMMO causality is the foundation for space and time relations. Embracing a strong reductionistic view, causality originates at quantum entities level, meaning that causal relations between macroscopic entities is simply the sum of quantum level causality relations.
The superclass of all causal EMMO relations.
causal
Each pair of entities is either in isCauseOf or isNotCauseOf relation. The two are mutually exclusive.
isInterpretantFor
semioticOvercrossedBy
successorOf
isAncestorOf
A semiotic relation that connects a recognised semiotic object to an icon in a cognition process.
hasIcon
isIconFor
A relation that connects a semiotic object to the interpretant in a semiotic process.
hasInterpretant
The relation between a process P that proper overlaps an object O, where the non overlapping part of P is cause of O.
disappearsInto
The relation between a process P that proper overlaps an object O.
affects
Assigns a quantity to an object via a well-defined modelling procedure.
hasModelledProperty
The relation grouping all direct parthood relations used in the reductionistic perspective.
This relation is not antitransitive, to enable partitioning of a causal structure with more than one tiling scheme (e.g. time and space partitioning).
Tiling parthood enables the establishment of hierarchy of granularities, starting with an entity and providing several tessellation levels according to specific criteria. The criteria are implemented in specialised versions of the tiling parthood relation (e.g., metrological direct part, XML format direct part). The tiles and the tessellated entity (tessellation) are causally self connected (i.e., items), coherently with the concept behind the definition of the reductionistic perspective. The tiles of specific granularity level provide a covering for the whole and are mutually non-overlapping, as the label "tile" suggests.
hasTile
This relation is a simple collector of all relations inverse functional direct parthoods that can be defined in specialised theories using reductionism.
All other mereology relations can be defined in FOL using hasPart as primitive.
The primitive relation that express the concept of an entity being part of another one.
hasPart
standsFor
The relation between an object O1 and a object O2 that proper overlap, where the non overapping part of O2 is caused by O1.
isRemovedFrom
Reflexivity: Pxx Transitivity: (Pxy ∧ Pyz) → Pxz Antisymmetry: (Pxy ∧ Pyx) → x=y.
The inverse relation of hasPart.
isPartOf
isProcessedTo
The relation between a process P1 that proper overlaps a process P2.
contributesTo
isProperPartOf
Relates a prefixed unit to its metric prefix part.
hasMetricPrefix
Relates a quantity to its metrological reference through a semiotic process.
hasMetrologicalReference
In EMMO version 1.0.0-rc3, physical quantities used the hasMetrologicalReference object property to relate them to their units via physical dimensionality. This was simplified in 1.0.0-alpha3 in order to make reasoning faster. The restriction (e.g. for the physical quantity Length) Length hasMetrologicalReference only (hasPhysicsDimension only LengthDimension) was in 1.0.0-alpha3 changed to Length hasPhysicsDimension some LengthDimension Likewise were the universal restrictions on the corresponding unit changed to excistential. E.g. Metre hasPhysicsDimension only LengthDimension was changed to Metre hasPhysicsDimension some LengthDimension The label of this class was also changed from PhysicsDimension to PhysicalDimension.
hasIterativeTask
The holistic relation connecting a workflow with one of its tasks.
hasTask
A proper part of a whole, whose parts always cover the full temporal extension of the whole within a spatial interval.
In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL temporal relations are primitive.
hasSpatialPart
The part is connected with the rest item or members with hasContact relations only (no hasNext).
The outcome of a process.
hasOutput
Relates a prefixed unit to its non-prefixed part.
hasUnitNonPrefixPart
For example the unit CentiNewtonMetre has prefix "Centi" and non-prefix part "NewtonMetre".
isDeclarerFor
interprets
A semiotic relation connecting a conventional sign to the interpreter (declarer) in a declaration process.
hasDeclarer
hasStatus
A relation that identify a proper item part of the whole, whose parts always cover the full spatial extension of the whole within a time interval.
A temporal part of an item cannot both cause and be caused by any other proper part of the item. A temporal part is not constraint to be causally self-connected, i.e. it can be either an item or a collection. We therefore introduce two subproperties in order to distinguish between both cases.
hasTemporalPart
The inverse relation for overcrosses.
isOvercrossedBy
A semiotic relation that connects a declared semiotic object to a description in a declaration process.
hasDescription
hasQualifiedRole
hasQualifiedPart
The superproperty of all object property relations between an entity and one of its proper parts that belongs to different taxonomical branch.
hasDistinctPart
A molecule is a distinct part of a fluid.
hasComponent
The relation between an object and one of its holistic part that contributes to the object under some spatial-based criteria.
hasConstituent
The relation within a process and an agengt participant.
hasAgent
The relation between the whole and a proper part of the whole that scale down to the point which it lose the characteristics of the whole and become something else.
hasRole
hasHolisticPart
An holistic part of water fluid is a water molecule.
Participation is a parthood relation: you must be part of the process to contribute to it. A participant whose 4D extension is totally contained within the process. Participation is not under direct parthood since a process is not strictly related to reductionism, but it's a way to categorise temporal regions by the interpreters.
The relation between a process and an object participating to it, i.e. that is relevant to the process itself.
hasParticipant
The part is connected with the rest item or members with a combination of hasNext (or its inverse) or hasContact relations.
hasNonTemporalPart
A relation between the whole and one of its tiles, where the tile is both spatially and temporally connected with the other tiles forming the tessellation.
hasJunctionTile
The relation between a process P that proper overlaps an object O , where the non overapping part of P is caused by O.
emergesFrom
isInternalRepresentationBy
The relation between the interpreter and the interpretant, being its internal representation.
hasInternalRepresentation
Relates a quantity to its reference unit through spatial direct parthood.
hasReferencePart
The relation between the whole and a temporal tile that has only outgoing temporal connections.
hasBeginTile
hasTemporalFirst
A relation that establishes for the whole a univocal tessellation in temporal parts forming the tessellation.
hasTemporalTile
hasTemporalDirectPart
The relation identifying the tasks of a workflow that are not causally temporally dependent by other parts of the workflow.
hasBeginTask
hasTaskTile
A semiotic relation that connects a semiotic object to a property in a declaration process.
hasProperty
The relation between a process P and an object O that partially overlaps and the intersection between P and O is a participant of P.
participatesTo
The relation between an object O1 and a object O2 that proper overlap, and the overlapping part of O1 is: a) next of the non overlapping part and b) a constituent of O2.
isAddedTo
The superproperties for overcrossing relations between semiotic entities.
semioticOvercrosses
hasManufacturedOutput
hasProductOutput
hasVariable
A non-maximal part is a proper part that is connected with the rest of the whole.
The relation between two individuals representing an entity and a non-maximal proper part, meaning the the latter is connected with the rest of the whole.
hasPiece
hasNotMaximalPart
isSignificationFor
The relation between the whole and a temporal tile that has only ingoing temporal connections.
hasEndTile
hasTemporalLast
The EMMO adheres to Atomistic General Extensional Mereology (AGEM).
The superclass of all mereological EMMO relations.
mereological
isReferentFor
The input of a process.
hasInput
Relates a quantity to its numerical value through spatial direct parthood.
hasNumericalPart
hasBehaviour
Assigns a quantifiable uncertainty to an objective property through a well-defined procecure.
Since measurement uncertainty is a subclass of objective property, this relation can also describe the uncertainty of an measurement uncertainty.
hasMetrologicalUncertainty
The relation between an object O that proper overlaps a process P, where the non overapping part of P is caused by O.
isObjectInputOf
The relation between an entity X that proper overlaps a process P, where the non overapping part of P is caused by X.
isInputOf
The relation identifying the tasks of a workflow that are not a temporal cause of other parts of the workflow.
hasEndTask
hasInterpreter
The relation between two causally reachable entities through a path of contacts relations (i.e. representing physical interactions).
alongsideWith
concurrentWith
interactsWith
I'm interacting with another tennis player through a ball. Or, two people in a webconference are interacting using a mediator which is the network signal.
A semiotic relation connecting an icon to a interpreter (cogniser) in a cognition process.
hasCogniser
isCogniserFor
isFragmentOf
isPieceOf
Relates the result of a semiotic process to ont of its optained quantities.
hasQuantity
isReferredBy
hasServiceOutput
x isNotCauseOf y iff not(x isCauseOf y)
isNotCauseOf
isNotCausedBy
isSignFor
The relation between an entity that overlaps another without being its part.
overcrosses
isPortionPartOf
A semiotic relation connecting an index sign to the interpreter (deducer) in a deduction process.
hasDeducer
isDeducerFor
The relation between a object whole and its spatial part of the same type.
hasPortion
A volume of 1 cc of milk within a 1 litre can be considered still milk as a whole. If you scale down to a cluster of molecules, than the milk cannot be considered a fluid no more (and then no more a milk).
Relates a resource to its identifier.
hasResourceIdentifier
isSignifiedBy
hasCharacteriser
hasCharacterised
A semiotic relation connecting a declaring interpreter to the "declared" semiotic object in a declaration process.
hasDeclared
The part is connected with the rest item or members with both hasNext (or its inverse) and hasContact relations.
hasJunctionPart
hasSpatioTemporalPart
isInterpretationAccordingTo
isDeclaredBy
isMemberOf
isPropertyFor
The relation between a process P1 that proper overlaps a process P2, where the non overlapping part of P1 is causing P2.
isProcessInputOf
hasStage
IsIndexFor
A semiotic relation that connects a deduced semiotic object to an index in a deduction process.
hasIndex
The relation between a process whole and a temporal part of the same type.
hasInterval
The relation between two individuals representing a collection and a non-maximal proper part, meaning the the latter is connected with the rest of the whole.
hasFragment
refersTo
hasConstitutiveProcess
The relation between a process and one of its process parts.
hasSubProcess
A semiotic relation connecting a recogniting interpreter to the "cognised" semiotic object in a cognition process.
hasCognised
isCognisedBy
isOutputOf
isInterpreterFor
hasSerialTask
isDistinctPartOf
isObjectOutputOf
Equality is here defined following a mereological approach.
The relation between two individuals representing the same entity.
equalsTo
The relation between a process P1 that proper overlaps a process P2, where the non overlapping part of P1 is caused by P2.
isProcessOutputOf
hasModel
hasSubObject
Assigns a quantity to an object via a well-defined measurement procedure.
hasMeasuredProperty
Conversion formula: nonsi_coherent_unit = si_coherent_unit * multiplier + offset
Number to add to a SI coherent unit when converting to a given non-SI coherent unit.
hasSIConversionOffset
The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO data entity.
This is the superproperty of all data properties used to serialise a fundamental data type in the EMMO Data perspective. An entity can have only one data value expressing its serialisation (e.g. a Real entity cannot have two different real values).
hasDataValue
Number to multiply a SI coherent unit with when converting to a given non-SI coherent unit.
hasSIConversionMultiplier
Relates a SI prefixed unit to the multiplication factor corresponding to the prefix.
hasPrefixMultiplier
Relates a SI dimensional unit to a dimension string.
hasDimensionString
The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO numerical data entity.
hasNumberValue
The atomic number of an atomic element.
This is a convenient shortcut for the conventional declaration process of assigning an atomic number to an atom subclass.
hasAtomicNumber
The mass of an atomic element according to IUPAC 2016.
This is a convenient shortcut for the measurement process process of the atomic mass reported by IUPAC2016.
hasIUPAC2016AtomicMass
unitSymbolValue
The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO symbol data entity.
hasSymbolValue
The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO string data entity.
hasStringValue
chemicalSymbolValue
Relates a SI prefixed unit to the prefix symbol.
hasPrefixSymbol
mathematicalSymbolValue
Relates an individual to an ORCID that identifies the individual.
The domain is not provided to not impose restrictions on the individual carrying the ORCID. Typically it will be a person (maximal) or a temporal part of a person.
hasORCID
hasURLValue
hasURIValue
hasURNValue
Relates a physical quantity to its value specified as a string consisting of a numerical, a separator and a unit.
Using hasSIQuantityValue is a convenient, but less semantic, alternative to specify value and unit of a physical quantity compared to using the 'hasNumericalPart' and 'hasReferencePart'/'hasMetrologicalReference' relations. The unit should be a valid, possible prefixed, derived SI unit.
hasSIQuantityValue
Example showing how to specify the value of a physical quantity in turtle using hasSIQuantityValue: height1 a emmo:Height ; hasSIQuantityValue "3 cm"^^emmo:SIQuantityDatatype .
URL for the entry in the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV).
IEVReference
A definition univocally determines a OWL entity using necessary and sufficient conditions referring to other OWL entities.
Precise and univocal description of an ontological entity in the framework of an axiomatic system.
definition
A link to a graphical representation aimed to facilitate understanding of the concept, or of an annotation.
illustration
The UN/CEFACT Recommendation 20 provides three character alphabetic and alphanumeric codes for representing units of measurement for length, area, volume/capacity, mass (weight), time, and other quantities used in international trade. The codes are intended for use in manual and/or automated systems for the exchange of information between participants in international trade.
uneceCommonCode
metrologicalReference
A comment can be addressed to facilitate interpretation, to suggest possible usage, to clarify the concepts behind each entity with respect to other ontological apporaches.
A text that add some information about the entity.
comment
A conceptualisation is the preliminary step behind each theory, preceding each logical formalisation. The readers approaching an ontology entity should first read the conceptualisation annotation to clearly understand "what we are talking about" and the accompanying terminology, and then read the elucidation.
The conceptualisation annotation is a comment that helps the reader to understand how the world has been conceptualised by the ontology authors.
conceptualisation
An elucidation can provide references to external knowledge sources (i.e. ISO, Goldbook, RoMM).
A person or organisation acting as a contact point for enquiries about the ontology resource
The annotation should include an email address.
contact
Definitions are usually taken from Wiktionary.
The etymology annotation explains the origin of a word and the historical development of its meaning.
etymology
The etymology annotation is usually applied to rdfs:label entities, to better understand the connection between a label and the concept it concisely represents.
An elucidation should address the real world entities using the concepts introduced by the conceptualisation annotation.
Short enlightening explanation aimed to facilitate the user in drawing the connection (interpretation) between a OWL entity and the real world object(s) for which it stands.
elucidation
Corresponding item number in ISO 80 000.
ISO80000Reference
3-1.1 (ISO80000 reference to length)
OpenSMILE representation of a molecular structure.
OpenSMILES is an open specification of the SMILE language for specifying molecular structures, which has become a defacto standard for exchange of molecular structures.
smileReference
URL corresponding to entry in Wikidata.
wikidataReference
URL to corresponding Wikipedia entry.
wikipediaReference
Will be removed with 1.0.0 release due to duplicated scope of emmo:example with respect to skos:example
The Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM) is a code system intended to include all units of measures being contemporarily used in international science, engineering, and business. The purpose is to facilitate unambiguous electronic communication of quantities together with their units.
Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM).
ucumCode
DOI to corresponding concept in IUPAC
iupacReference
URL to corresponing entity in QUDT.
qudtReference
URL to corresponding dpbedia entry.
dbpediaReference
The term in the International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) (JCGM 200:2008) that corresponds to the annotated term in EMMO.
VIMTerm
quantity value (term in VIM that corresponds to Quantity in EMMO)
Axiom not included in the theory because of OWL 2 DL global restrictions for decidability.
OWL2DLRestrictedAxiom
A hash of the full International Chemical Identifier (InChi) for a chemical substance.
The InChiKey is a hash of the full InChi identifier using the SHA-256 algorithm, designed to allow for easy web searches of chemical compounds.
inchiKey
IRI to corresponding concept in the Ontology of units of Measure.
omReference
Axioms to add to the OWL 2 RL version of the ontology to reach DL expressivity.
OWLRL2DLAxioms
A unit symbol may be a symbolic construct (e.g. km) or a symbol (e.g. m).
The standard symbol for a unit.
unitSymbol
ISO14040Reference
ISO9000Reference
A semiosis where the interpreter perceives a sign, that generates the interpretant as interpreter's internal representation, leading to potential interpretations.
Understanding
A semiosis where the triangle of relation is not completely developed.
PartialSemiosis
A quantity that is obtained from a well-defined procedure.
Subclasses of 'ObjectiveProperty' classify objects according to the type semiosis that is used to connect the property to the object (e.g. by measurement, by convention, by modelling).
The word objective does not mean that each observation will provide the same results. It means that the observation followed a well defined procedure. This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measurable property of physical system, whether is quantifiable or not.
ObjectiveProperty
PhysicalProperty
QuantitativeProperty
A coded conventional that is determined by each interpeter following a well defined determination procedure through a specific perception channel.
Objective
QuantityBySubjectivity
The metre, symbol m, is the SI unit of length. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the speed of light in vacuum c to be 299792458 when expressed in the unit m s−1, where the second is defined in terms of ∆νCs.
Metre
Meter
picoampere
Superclass for all units prefixed with "pico" (1e-12).
PicoPrefixedUnit
A SI base unit or SI derived unit with a metric prefix.
SIMetricPrefixedUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricCurrent'.
ElectricCurrentUnit
A milliampere is 0.001 A
MilliAmpere
milliampere
Superclass for all units prefixed with "milli" (1e-3).
MilliPrefixedUnit
Atom subclass for radium.
RadiumAtom
Here is assumed that the concept of 'object' is always relative to a 'semiotic' process. An 'object' does not exists per se, but it's always part of an interpretation. The EMMO relies on strong reductionism, i.e. everything real is a formless collection of elementary particles: we give a meaning to real world entities only by giving them boundaries and defining them using 'sign'-s. In this way the 'sign'-ed entity becomes an 'object', and the 'object' is the basic entity needed in order to apply a logical formalism to the real world entities (i.e. we can speak of it through its sign, and use logics on it through its sign).
The object, in Peirce semiotics, as participant to a semiotic process.
Referent
Object
SemioticObject
A standalone atom has direct part one 'nucleus' and one 'electron_cloud'. An O 'atom' within an O₂ 'molecule' is an 'e-bonded_atom'. In this material branch, H atom is a particular case, with respect to higher atomic number atoms, since as soon as it shares its electron it has no nucleus entangled electron cloud. We cannot say that H₂ molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part two H nucleus.
An 'atom' is a 'nucleus' surrounded by an 'electron_cloud', i.e. a quantum system made of one or more bounded electrons.
Atom
ChemicalElement
Examples of condition might be constant volume or constant pressure for a gas.
Quantity C = dQ/dT, when the thermodynamic temperature of a system is increased by dT as a result of the addition of a amount of heat dQ, under given condition.
HeatCapacity
Derived quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ).
ISQDerivedQuantity
Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-5.
ThermodynamicalQuantity
The ratio of the binding energy of a nucleus to the atomic mass number.
BindingFraction
Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-10.
AtomicAndNuclearPhysicsQuantity
A quantity to which no physical dimension is assigned and with a corresponding unit of measurement in the SI of the unit one.
ISQDimensionlessQuantity
A geometrical property of an area which reflects how its points are distributed with regard to an arbitrary axis.
SecondAxialMomentOfArea
Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-4.
MechanicalQuantity
Celsius, also known as centigrade, is a scale and unit of measurement for temperature. It can refer to a specific temperature on the Celsius scale as well as a unit to indicate a temperature interval, a difference between two temperatures or an uncertainty. This definition fixes the magnitude of both the degree Celsius and the kelvin as precisely 1 part in 273.16 (approximately 0.00366) of the difference between absolute zero and the triple point of water. Thus, it sets the magnitude of one degree Celsius and that of one kelvin as exactly the same. Additionally, it establishes the difference between the two scales' null points as being precisely 273.15 °C. -- QUDT
Measurement unit for Celsius temperature. This unit can only be used for expressing temperature differences.
DegreeCelsius
The class of units with dimensionality 'Temperature'.
TemperatureUnit
The 22 derived units that are given a special name in the SI system that stands for units derived by SI base units.
These units are SI coherent by definition.
SISpecialUnit
A unit symbol that stands for a derived unit.
Special units are semiotic shortcuts to more complex composed symbolic objects.
SpecialUnit
Pa stands for N/m2 J stands for N m
A measurement unit for a derived quantity. -- VIM
Derived units are defined as products of powers of the base units corresponding to the relations defining the derived quantities in terms of the base quantities.
DerivedUnit
derived unit
A symbol that stands for a single unit.
UnitSymbol
Some examples are "Pa", "m" and "J".
A set of units that correspond to the base quantities in a system of units.
BaseUnit
base unit
Atom subclass for berkelium.
BerkeliumAtom
An aerosol composed of liquid droplets in air or another gas.
LiquidAerosol
A colloid composed of fine solid particles or liquid droplets in air or another gas.
Aerosol
3-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are matrices.
Array3D
3DArray
Array subclasses with a specific shape can be constructed with cardinality restrictions. See Shape4x3Matrix as an example.
Arrays are ordered mathematical objects who's elementary spatial parts are numbers. Their dimensionality is constructed with spatial direct parthood, where 1-dimensional arrays have spatial direct parts Number and n-dimensional array have spatial direct parts (n-1)-dimensional arrays.
Arrays are ordered objects, since they are a subclasses of Arrangement.
Array
A Vector is a 1-dimensional Array with Number as spatial direct parts, a Matrix is a 2-dimensional Array with Vector as spatial direct parts, an Array3D is a 3-dimensional Array with Matrix as spatial direct parts, and so forth...
The superclass for all tessellations in which all tiles are connected through spatiotemporal relations hasNext or contacts.
WellFormedTessellation
EquivalentTo: MixedTiling or SpatialTiling or TemporalTiling
Constant of a chemical reaction. It is the value of its reaction quotient at chemical equilibrium, a state approached by a dynamic chemical system after sufficient time has elapsed at which its composition has no measurable tendency towards further change.
StandardEquilibriumConstant
The physical dimension can change based on the stoichiometric numbers of the substances involved.
for solutions, product for all substances B of concentration c_B of substance B in power of its stoichiometric number v_B: K_p = \sum_B{c_B^{v_B}}.
EquilibriumConstant
EquilibriumConstantConcentrationBasis
Extent of a surface.
Area
A quantity whose magnitude is additive for subsystems.
Note that not all physical quantities can be categorised as being either intensive or extensive. For example the square root of the mass.
Extensive
Mass Volume Entropy
Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-3.
SpaceAndTimeQuantity
A data representing an integer number >= 0.
NonNegativeIntegerData
EquivalentTo: hasDataValue some xsd:nonNegativeInteger
The symbol that stands for the tungsten atom.
TungstenSymbol
NCNameData
NMTOKENData
The IUPAC Gold Book defines the a chemical element both as: - a species of atoms; all atoms with the same number of protons in the atomic nucleus - a pure chemical substance composed of atoms with the same number of protons in the atomic nucleus This qualifies a chemical element as a name and not a matter obejct that can stand for an atom or a substance.
The symbol for a specific chemical element, that can stand both for an atom or a substance.
LanguageData
Coulomb Square Meter (C-m2-per-volt) is a unit in the category of Electric polarizability. -- QUDT
CoulombSquareMetrePerVolt
Coulomb Square Metre Per Volt
A SI derived unit whos numerical factor in front of the product of SI base units is one.
This class collects all units that are products or powers of SI base or SI special units only.
SICoherentDerivedUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'SquareCurrentQuarticTimePerMass'.
SquareCurrentQuarticTimePerMassUnit
'Volt per Second' is a unit of magnetic flux equaling one weber. This is the flux passing through a conducting loop and reduced to zero at a uniform rate in one second inducing an electric potential of one volt in the loop. -- QUDT
VoltPerSecond
Volt per second
The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricPotentialPerTime'.
ElectricPotentialPerTimeUnit
A data representing 64-bit integer number.
LongData
EquivalentTo: hasDataValue some xsd:long
"Gray per Second" is a unit for 'Absorbed Dose Rate' expressed as Gy/s. -- QUDT
GrayPerSecond
Gray per Second
The class of units with dimensionality 'AbsorbedDoseRate'.
AbsorbedDoseRateUnit
Picomoles per metre per watt per second
The class of units with dimensionality 'AmountSquareTimePerMassVolume'.
AmountSquareTimePerMassVolumeUnit
Voltage between the two terminals of a voltage source when there is no electric current through the source.
SourceVoltage
SourceTension
Correspond to the work needed per unit of charge to move a test charge between two points in a static electric field.
The difference in electric potential between two points.
Voltage
ElectricPotentialDifference
ElectricTension
Difference between energy of an electron at rest at infinity and a certain energy level which is the energy of an electron in the interior of a substance.
IonizationEnergy
A property of objects which can be transferred to other objects or converted into different forms.
Energy is often defined as "ability of a system to perform work", but it might be misleading since is not necessarily available to do work.
Energy
Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-12.
CondensedMatterPhysicsQuantity
The class of units with dimensionality 'TemperaturePressurePerTime'.
TemperaturePressurePerTimeUnit
Dimensional unit with its physical dimensionality described accortind to the International System of Units (SI).
In SI are the physical dimensions of the base quantities time (T), length (L), mass (M), electric current (I), thermodynamic temperature (Θ), amount of substance (N) and luminous intensity (J). In general the dimension of any quantity Q is written in the form of a dimensional product, dim Q = T^α L^β M^γ I^δ Θ^ε N^ζ J^η where the exponents α, β, γ, δ, ε, ζ and η, which are generally small integers, which can be positive, negative, or zero, are called the dimensional exponents. -- SI brouchure The SI dimensional units are equivalent to dimensional strings that uniquely defines their dimensionality by specifying the values of the coefficients α, β, γ, δ, ε, ζ and η. A dimensional string is a space-separated string of the physical dimension symbols followed by the value of the exponent (including it sign). They should always match the following regular expression: ^T([+-][1-9]|0) L([+-][1-9]|0) M([+-][1-9]|0) I([+-][1-9]|0) Θ([+-][1-9]|0) N([+-][1-9]|0) J([+-][1-9]|0)$ Examples of correspondance between dimensional units and their dimensional units are: - AmountOfSubstanceUnit <=> "T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0" - TimeUnit <=> "T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" - ElectricCurrentDensityUnit <=> "T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0"
SIDimensionalUnit
A baryon containing one or more strange quarks, but no charm, bottom, or top quark.
This form of matter may exist in a stable form within the core of some neutron stars.
Hyperon
Subatomic particle which contains an odd number of valence quarks, at least 3.
Baryon
Redundant(x) ≡ ∃φ[φ(x) ∧ ∃yRP⟨φ⟩(y, x)]
The superclass for all classes of entities that have parts of the same type of the whole.
Redundant
NonMaximal
A sufficently large volume of liquid water has parts of the same type.
An object A which is classified as water-fluid possesses a proper part B which is water itself if the lenght scale of the B is larger than the water intermolecular distance keeping it in the continuum range. In this sense, A is redundant. If A is a water-fluid so small that its every proper part is no more a continuum object (i.e. no more a fluid), then A is fundamental.
A sign that stands for an object by resembling or imitating it, in shape, function or by sharing a similar logical structure.
If object and sign belongs to the same class, then the sign is fuctional, diagrammatic and resemblance. For example, when a Boeing 747 is used as a sign for another Boeing 747.
Icon
Model
Simulacrum
A picture that reproduces the aspect of a person.
An equation that reproduces the logical connection of the properties of a physical entity.
EquivalentTo: AnalogicalIcon or ResemblanceIcon or FunctionalIcon
In Peirce semiotics three subtypes of icon are possible: (a) the image, which depends on a simple quality (e.g. picture) (b) the diagram, whose internal relations, mainly dyadic or so taken, represent by analogy the relations in something (e.g. math formula, geometric flowchart) (c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else [Wikipedia]
Sign classified by how the sign stands for its reference object.
SignByReferent
InorganicCompound
A chemical substance composed of many identical molecules (or molecular entities) composed of atoms from more than one element held together by chemical bonds.
ChemicalCompound
A discrete schema may be based on a continuum material basis that is filtered according to its variations. For example, a continuous voltage based signal can be considered 1 or 0 according to some threshold. Discrete does not mean that the material basis is discrete, but that the data are encoded according to such step-based rules.
Data whose variations are decoded according to a discrete schema.
DiscreteData
A text is a collection of discrete symbols. A compact disc is designed to host discrete states in the form of pits and lands.
DataByDiscretness
product of the SI base unit kelvin and the SI base unit metre divided by the derived SI unit watt -- QUDT
KelvinMetrePerWatt
Kelvin Metre Per Watt
The class of units with dimensionality 'ThermalResistivity'.
ThermalResistivityUnit
Weber metre.
WeberMetre
The class of units with dimensionality 'NewtonSquareMetrePerAmpere'.
NewtonSquareMetrePerAmpereUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'AreaPerAmount'.
AreaPerAmountUnit
Angular wavenumber of electrons in states on the Fermi sphere.
FermiAnglularWaveNumber
FermiAnglularRepetency
Magnitude of the wave vector.
AngularWavenumber
AngularRepetency
Per metre and nanometre.
PerMetreNanoMetre
ReciprocalMetreNanoMetre
The class of units with dimensionality 'PerArea'.
PerAreaUnit
A derived unit whos numerical factor in front of the product of base units is NOT equal to one.
SINonCoherentDerivedUnit
1 000-fold of the SI derived unit weber divided by the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
Kiloweber Per Metre
Superclass for all units prefixed with "kilo" (1000).
KiloPrefixedUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'MagneticPotential'.
MagneticPotentialUnit
SI prefix who's value is 1e-9.
Nano
SI prefix who's value is 1/N where N is a positive integer larger than 1.
SISubMultiplePrefix
A symbolic data representing a numerical value.
NumericData
A fundamental object overcrossing a manufacturing process, the intersection being the agent that participates and drives the manufacturing process.
Manufacturer
A ZettaCoulomb is 10²¹ C. -- QUDT
ZettaCoulomb
The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricCharge'.
ElectricChargeUnit
Superclass for all units prefixed with "zetta" (1e21).
ZettaPrefixedUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'EnergyPerSquareMagneticFluxDensity'.
EnergyPerSquareMagneticFluxDensityUnit
2-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are vectors.
Matrix
2DArray
Atom subclass for platinum.
PlatinumAtom
Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the number density, n, of atoms in the substance.
AtomicAttenuationCoefficient
Atom subclass for nickel.
NickelAtom
A functional icon that imitates the behaviour of the object through mathematical evaluations of some mathematical construct.
The equation that describes the velocity of a uniform accelerated body v = v0 + a*t is a functional icon. In general every analitical solution of a mathematical model can be considered an icon. A functional icon expresses its similarity with the object when is part of a process the makes it imitate the behavior of the object. In the case of v = v0 + a*t, plotting the velocity over time or listing their values at certain instants is when the icon expresses it functionality.
PhysicsMathematicalComputation
An icon that focusing WHAT the object does.
An icon that imitates one representative character of the object. It share external similarities with the object, but not necessarily the same internal logical structure.
FunctionalIcon
A data based model is only a functional icon, since it provide the same relations between the properties of the object (e.g., it can predict some properties as function of others) but is not considering the internal mechanisms (i.e., it can ignore the physics).
A guinea pig.
This subclass of icon inspired by Peirceian category (c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else.
A procedure that deals with quantitative symbols (i.e. symbols associated with a quantitative oriented language).
Computation
A mathematician that calculates 2+2. A computation machine that calculate the average value of a dataset.
1 000-fold of the SI derived unit volt divided by the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
Kilovolt Per Metre
The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricFieldStrength'.
ElectricFieldStrengthUnit
Radius of the osculating circle of a planar curve at a particular point of the curve.
RadiusOfCurvature
Distance from the centre of a circle to the circumference.
Radius
The energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position or orientation in a potential field.
PotentialEnergy
0.000000000001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 -- QUDT
Square Micrometre
The class of units with dimensionality 'Area'.
AreaUnit
Atom subclass for plutonium.
PlutoniumAtom
Superclass for all units prefixed with "yotta" (1e24).
YottaPrefixedUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'TemperaturePerSquareTime'.
TemperaturePerSquareTimeUnit
1,000,000-fold of the SI derived unit pascal divided by the SI base unit kelvin -- QUDT
Megapascal Per Kelvin
The class of units with dimensionality 'PressurePerTemperature'.
PressurePerTemperatureUnit
Superclass for all units prefixed with "mega" (1e6).
MegaPrefixedUnit
A centimetre is a unit of length in the metric system, equal to one hundredth of a metre, which is the SI base unit of length. Centi is the SI prefix for a factor of 10. The centimetre is the base unit of length in the now deprecated centimetre-gram-second (CGS) system of units. -- QUDT
The class of units with dimensionality 'Length'.
LengthUnit
Superclass for all units prefixed with "centi" (0.01).
CentiPrefixedUnit
The symbol that stands for the lutetium atom.
LutetiumSymbol
Quotient of thermal conductivity and the product of mass density and specific heat capacity.
ThermalDiffusivity
A symbolic entity made of other symbolic entities according to a specific spatial configuration.
This class collects individuals that represents arrangements of strings, or other symbolic compositions, without any particular predefined arrangement schema.
SymbolicConstruct
SymbolicByStructure
Helmholtz energy per amount of substance.
MolarHelmholtzEnergy
Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-9.
PhysioChemicalQuantity
Energy per amount of substance.
MolarEnergy
The symbol that stands for the osmium atom.
OsmiumSymbol
PhysicalParticleByBond
A well defined physical entity, elementary or composite, usually treated as a singular unit, that is found at scales spanning from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of larger scale substances (as the etymology of "particle" suggests).
The scope of the physical particle definition goes from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of substances.
The union of hadron and lepton, or fermion and bosons.
PhysicalParticle
Particle
A tile that has next and is next of other tiles within the same tessellation.
IntermidiateTile
The superclass for tiles categorized accordingly to their location within a tessellation in terms of causal source, sink or intermediary.
SpatioTemporalTileByPosition
Milligrams per cubic metre per second
The class of units with dimensionality 'MassPerVolumeTime'.
MassPerVolumeTimeUnit
Mole Kelvin is a unit for `Temperature Amount Of Substance` expressed as mol-K. -- QUDT
MoleKelvin
Mole Kelvin
The class of units with dimensionality 'AmountTemperature'.
AmountTemperatureUnit
A semiosis where the interpreter perceives a sign, that generates the interpretant as interpreter's internal representation. Than the interpretant is resolved by the interpreter by identifying the referent, i.e. the entity for which the sign stands for according to the interpreter understanding.
Resolving
Someone says: "Ketchup." (sign). I (interpreter) hear that, elaborate internally the perception by creating an internal representation (interpretant), and then reach for the ketchup bottle (referent).
A semiosis where the triangle of relations is completely developed.
FullSemiosis
SI unit for magnetic flux.
The SI unit of magnetic flux. "Flux" is the rate (per unit of time) at which something crosses a surface perpendicular to the flow. The weber is a large unit, equal to 10⁸ maxwells, and practical fluxes are usually fractions of one weber. The weber is the magnetic flux which, linking a circuit of one turn, would produce in it an electromotive force of 1 volt if it were reduced to zero at a uniform rate in 1 second. In SI base units, the dimensions of the weber are (kg·m²)/(s²·A). The weber is commonly expressed in terms of other derived units as the Tesla-square meter (T·m²), volt-seconds (V·s), or joules per ampere (J/A).
Weber
The class of units with dimensionality 'MagneticFlux'.
MagneticFluxUnit
1 000 000 000 000-fold of the SI derived unit hertz -- QUDT
Superclass for all units prefixed with "tera" (1e12).
TeraPrefixedUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'Frequency'.
FrequencyUnit
The symbol that stands for the indium atom.
IndiumSymbol
MegaJoule Per Kelvin (MegaJ/K) is a unit in the category of Entropy. -- QUDT
MegaJoule per Kelvin
The class of units with dimensionality 'Entropy'.
EntropyUnit
Folding
FormingJoin
SingleComponentComposition
The class of units with dimensionality 'Capacitance'.
CapacitanceUnit
The symbol that stands for the terbium atom.
TerbiumSymbol
0,001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT
GramPerCubicMetre
Gram Per Cubic Metre
Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-7.
LightAndRadiationQuantity
ISO80000Categorised
0.001-fold of the SI base unit metre divided by the SI base unit kelvin -- QUDT
Millimetre Per Kelvin
The class of units with dimensionality 'LengthPerTemperature'.
LengthPerTemperatureUnit
A world entity is direct causally self-connected if any two parts that make up the whole are direct causally connected to each other. In the EMMO, topological connectivity is based on causality. All physical objects, i.e. entities whose behaviour is explained by physics laws, are represented only by items. In other words, a physical object part is embedded in a direct causal graph that provides always a path between two of its parts. Members of a collection lack such direct causality connection, i.e. they do not constitute a physical object. Following graph theory concepts, the quantums of an item are all connected together within a network of causal relations, forming a connected causal graph. A collection is then a set of disconnected graphs.
The class of individuals standing for quantum or causally self-connected world entities.
The disjoint union of Particle and CausalStructure classes.
The concept of self-connectivity is applied using a 4D approach. Given that, the entity made of an electron and a proton that travel, interact, and then depart from each other is an item, since we don't focus only on the beginning or the end stage but to the overall 4D entity, being the interaction the connectivity bridge between the two particles.
Item
CausalObject
A person life, an interval of a person life. The lifetime of two components, from the production in separate manufacturing lines, their being connected components in a device, including their eparation and decommissioning.
EquivalentTo: CausalParticle or CausalStructure
Sum of the maximum beta-particle kinetic energy and the recoil energy of the atom produced in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration.
BetaDisintegrationEnergy
Newton metre per metre and radian.
The class of units with dimensionality 'Force'.
ForceUnit
Per Picoometer Unit is a denominator unit with dimensions /pm. -- QUDT
PerPicoMetre
ReciprocalPicoMetre
The class of units with dimensionality 'ReciprocalLength'.
ReciprocalLengthUnit
The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Vacuum_permittivity) is outdated since May 20, 2019. It is now a measured constant.
The value of the absolute dielectric permittivity of classical vacuum.
VacuumElectricPermittivity
PermittivityOfVacuum
Measure for how the polarization of a material is affected by the application of an external electric field.
Permittivity
For a given unit system, measured constants are physical constants that are not used to define the unit system. Hence, these constants have to be measured and will therefore be associated with an uncertainty.
MeasuredConstant
Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other.
Printing forms with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other. The workpiece shape is created by free or fixed relative movement between the tool and the workpiece (kinematic shape generation).
FreeForming
A symbolic construct used within the discipline of metrology.
MetrologicalConstruct
A language entity used in the metrology discipline.
Metrology is the science of measurement and its application and includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement, whatever the measurement uncertainty and field of application (VIM3 2.2)
Metrological
A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' through convention, norm or habit, without any resemblance to it.
In Peirce semiotics this kind of sign category is called symbol. However, since symbol is also used in formal languages, the name is changed in conventional.
Conventional
Number of turns.
Rotation
Rotation is not necessarily integer.
The symbol that stands for the bohrium atom.
BohriumSymbol
A unit of mass in the metric system. The name comes from the Greek gramma, a small weight identified in later Roman and Byzantine times with the Latin scripulum or scruple (the English scruple is equal to about 1.3 grams). The gram was originally defined to be the mass of one cubic centimeter of pure water, but to provide precise standards it was necessary to construct physical objects of specified mass. One gram is now defined to be 1/1000 of the mass of the standard kilogram, a platinum-iridium bar carefully guarded by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures in Paris for more than a century. (The kilogram, rather than the gram, is considered the base unit of mass in the SI.) The gram is a small mass, equal to about 15.432 grains or 0.035 273 966 ounce. -- QUDT
Gram is defined as one thousandth of the SI unit kilogram.
Gram
0.000000001-fold of the SI derived unit Siemens by the 0.01 fol of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
Nanosiemens Per Centimetre
The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricConductivity'.
ElectricConductivityUnit
Superclass for all units prefixed with "nano" (1e-9).
NanoPrefixedUnit
The symbol that stands for the erbium atom.
ErbiumSymbol
A causal chain is an ordered causal sequence of entities that does not host any bifurcation within itself (a chain). A chain can only be partitioned in time.
A causal path is a concept almost equivalent to the concept of elementary particle in physics.
The class of entities that possess a temporal structure but no spatial structure.
CausalPath
CausalChain
Elementary
An electron moving in time interacting with other particles.
DisjointUnionOf: MultiParticlePath, ElementaryParticle
SI prefix who's value is 1e15.
Peta
SI prefix who's value is a positive integer larger than 1.
SIMultiplePrefix
Newton metre squared per Ampere.
NewtonSquareMetrePerAmpere
1,000-fold of the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT
A non-SI unit defined as 1000 kg.
Tonne
Non-SI units mentioned in the SI.
This is a list of units that are not defined as part of the International System of Units (SI), but are otherwise mentioned in the SI brouchure, because either the General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM) accepts their use as being multiples or submultiples of SI-units, they have important contemporary application worldwide, or are otherwise commonly encountered worldwide.
SIAcceptedUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'Mass'.
MassUnit
Gauge pressure can be measured using a diaphragm sensor, where one side of the diaphragm is exposed to the pressure media that is to be measured, while the other side is exposed to the ambient atmospheric pressure.
The pressure measured relative to the ambient atmospheric pressure.
GaugePressure
The force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed.
Pressure
A chemical numenclature should not be confused with the chemical formula.
A language object following a specific nomenclature rules for defining univocal names of chemical compounds.
ChemicalNomenclature
Following nominalistic approach a species is simply a name that can point to an element name, a chemical formula or a chemical compound. So everything addressed by these classes of names can be calleded a chemical species.
Specific form of an element defined as to isotopic composition, electronic or oxidation state, and/or complex or molecular structure. Chemical species is the macroscopic equivalent of molecular entity and refers to sets or ensembles of molecular entities.
ChemicalSpecies
Geometrical characteristic of a shape of a body.
SectionModulus
Unit for dimensionless quantities that have the nature of count.
CountingUnit
Unit of atomic number Unit of number of cellular Unit of degeneracy in quantum mechanics
The subclass of measurement units with no physical dimension.
DimensionlessUnit
Refractive index Plane angle Number of apples
Quantities that are ratios of quantities of the same kind (for example length ratios and amount fractions) have the option of being expressed with units (m/m, mol/mol to aid the understanding of the quantity being expressed and also allow the use of SI prefixes, if this is desirable (μm/m, nmol/mol). -- SI Brochure
Unit for fractions of quantities of the same kind, to aid the understanding of the quantity being expressed.
FractionUnit
RatioUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'PerLengthTemperature'.
PerLengthTemperatureUnit
Atom subclass for einsteinium.
EinsteiniumAtom
An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible (a liquid-liquid heterogeneous mixture).
Emulsion
Mayonnaise, milk.
A mixture in which one substance of microscopically dispersed insoluble or soluble particles (from 1 nm to 1 μm) is suspended throughout another substance and that does not settle, or would take a very long time to settle appreciably.
Colloids are characterized by the occurring of the Tyndall effect on light.
Colloid
A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a (nearly) constant volume independent of pressure.
Liquid
1 000-fold of the SI derived unit joule divided by the SI base unit mol -- QUDT
Kilojoule Per Mole
The class of units with dimensionality 'EnergyPerAmount'.
EnergyPerAmountUnit
Activity per unit volume of the sample.
ActivityDensity
ActivityConcentration
VolumetricActivity
VolumicActivity
A semiotic process that assigns a sign based on conventions.
Declaration
ConventionalSemiosis
Semiosis classified by how the sign stands for its reference object.
SemiosisByReferent
0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit watt -- QUDT
Superclass for all units prefixed with "micro" (1e-6).
MicroPrefixedUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'Power'.
PowerUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'QuarticLength'.
QuarticLengthUnit
A variable whose value is assumed to be known independently from the equation, but whose value is not explicitated in the equation.
Parameter
Viscosity in the Navier-Stokes equation
A variable standing for a numerical defined mathematical object like e.g. a number, a vector of numbers, a matrix of numbers.
NumericalVariable
A coded that is not atomic with respect to a code of description.
A description is a collection of properties that depicts an object. It is not atomic since it is made of several properties collected together.
Description
A biography.
A sentence about some object, depticting its properties.
nanoampere
The symbol that stands for the iridium atom.
IridiumSymbol
0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit henry divided by the SI derived unit ohm -- QUDT
Microhenry Per Ohm
The class of units with dimensionality 'Time'.
TimeUnit
1 000-fold of the derived SI unit pascal divided by the 0.001-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
Kilopascal Per Millimetre
The class of units with dimensionality 'MassPerSquareLengthSquareTime'.
MassPerSquareLengthSquareTimeUnit
0.000001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT
Milligram Per Second
The class of units with dimensionality 'MassPerTime'.
MassPerTimeUnit
sector-specific unit of the burst index as 1 000-fold of the derived unit for pressure pascal related to the substance, represented as a quotient from the 0.001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the power of the SI base unit metre by exponent 2 -- QUDT
Kilopascal Square Metre per Gram
The class of units with dimensionality 'Acceleration'.
AccelerationUnit
For a solute X in a solution; quantity proportional to the absolute activity.
ActivityOfSolute
RelativeActivityOfSolute
The symbol that stands for the oganesson atom.
OganessonSymbol
The symbol that stands for the germanium atom.
GermaniumSymbol
0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit newton -- QUDT
Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity that can undergo a chemical reaction.
Molecular entity is used as a general term for singular entities, irrespective of their nature, while chemical species stands for sets or ensembles of molecular entities. Note that the name of a compound may refer to the respective molecular entity or to the chemical species,
MolecularEntity
ChemicalEntity
Hydrogen molecule is an adequate definition of a certain molecular entity for some purposes, whereas for others it is necessary to distinguish the electronic state and/or vibrational state and/or nuclear spin, etc. of the hydrogen molecule.
Methane, may mean a single molecule of CH4 (molecular entity) or a molar amount, specified or not (chemical species), participating in a reaction. The degree of precision necessary to describe a molecular entity depends on the context.
This concept is strictly related to chemistry. For this reason an atom can be considered the smallest entity that can be considered "molecular", including nucleus when they are seen as ions (e.g. H⁺, He⁺⁺).
Cutting workpieces between two cutting edges that move past each other (see Figure 1 [see figure in the standard]).
ShearCutting
Mechanical separation of workpieces without the formation of shapeless material, i.e. also without chips (chipless).
Cutting
`Centimeter per Square Second` is a C.G.S System unit for `Linear Acceleration` expressed as cm/s². -- QUDT
Centimetre per Square Second
Difference between the mass of an atom, and the product of its mass number and the unified mass constant.
MassExcess
A substance is always composed of more than one molecular entity. It lays in the continuum or mesoscopic domain.
Matter of constant composition best characterized by the entities (molecules, formula units, atoms) it is composed of.
ChemicalSubstance
The superclass for tiles categorized accordingly to their topological role within a tessellation.
SpatioTemporalTileByConnection
The superclass for all tiles belonging to tessellations in which all tiles are connected through spatiotemporal relations hasNext or contacts.
WellFormedTile
EquivalentTo: SpatialTile or TemporalTile or JunctionTile
EquivalentTo: ThroughTile or EndTile or BeginTile
quotient of the 1,000,000-fold of the derived SI unit joule divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT
Megajoule Per Second
The mass that it seems to have when responding to forces, or the mass that it seems to have when interacting with other identical particles in a thermal distribution.
EffectiveMass
Property of a physical body that express its resistance to acceleration (a change in its state of motion) when a force is applied.
Mass
A coded classified by observation.
CodedByObservation
A conventional referring to an object according to a specific code that reflects the results of a specific interaction mechanism and is shared between other interpreters. A coded is always a partial representation of an object since it reflects the object capability to be part of a specific determination. A coded is a sort of name or label that we put upon objects that interact with an determiner in the same specific way. For example, "hot" objects are objects that interact with an observer through a perception mechanism aimed to perceive an heat source. The code is made of terms such as "hot", "warm", "cold", that commonly refer to the perception of heat.
A conventional that stands for an object according to a code of interpretation to which the interpreter refers.
Coded
A biography that makes use of a code that is provided by the meaning of the element of the language used by the author.
The name "red" that stands for the color of an object.
Let's define the class Colour as the subclass of the coded signs that involve photon emission and electromagnetic radiation sensible observers. An individual C of this class Colour can be defined be declaring the process individual (e.g. daylight illumination) and the observer (e.g. my eyes) Stating that an entity E hasCoded C, we mean that it can be observed by such setup of process + observer (i.e. observed by my eyes under daylight). This definition can be specialised for human eye perception, so that the observer can be a generic human, or to camera perception so that the observer can be a device. This can be used in material characterization, to define exactly the type of measurement done, including the instrument type.
Semiotic subclasse are defined using Peirce's semiotic theory. "Namely, a sign is something, A, which brings something, B, its interpretant sign determined or created by it, into the same sort of correspondence with something, C, its object, as that in which itself stands to C." (Peirce 1902, NEM 4, 20–21). The triadic elements: - 'sign': the sign A (e.g. a name) - 'interpretant': the sign B as the effects of the sign A on the interpreter (e.g. the mental concept of what a name means) - 'object': the object C (e.g. the entity to which the sign A and B refer to) This class includes also the 'interpeter' i.e. the entity that connects the 'sign' to the 'object'
The class of individuals that stands for semiotic objects, i.e. objects that take part on a semiotic process.
SemioticEntity
EquivalentTo: Interpreter or SemioticObject or Sign
Semiotics
EquivalentTo: Semiosis or SemioticEntity
Per Meter Kelvin Unit is a denominator unit with dimensions /m.k. -- QUDT
PerMetreKelvin
ReciprocalMetreKelvin
1 000-fold of the SI derived unit joule divided by the product of the SI base unit kilogram and the SI base unit kelvin -- QUDT
Kilojoule Per Kilogram Kelvin
The class of units with dimensionality 'EntropyPerMass'.
EntropyPerMassUnit
Atom subclass for hydrogen.
HydrogenAtom
Per Mole Unit is a denominator unit with dimensions mol⁻¹. -- QUDT
PerMole
ReciprocalMole
The class of units with dimensionality 'PerAmount'.
PerAmountUnit
Discrete data that are decoded as a sequence of 1/0, or true/false, or on/off.
DigitalData
BinaryData
A measurement always implies a causal interaction between the object and the observer.
A measurement is the process of experimentally obtaining one or more measurement results that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity.
An 'observation' that results in a quantitative comparison of a 'property' of an 'object' with a standard reference based on a well defined mesurement procedure.
Measurement
measurement
A data representing an integer number > 0.
PositiveIntegerData
EquivalentTo: hasDataValue some xsd:positiveInteger
Watt Per Square Meter Per Pascal (W/m²-pa) is a unit of Evaporative Heat Transfer. -- QUDT
WattPerSquareMetrePascal
Watt per Square Metre Pascal
The class of units with dimensionality 'Speed'.
SpeedUnit
Volt per Kelvin.
VoltPerKelvin
The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricPotentialPerTemperature'.
ElectricPotentialPerTemperatureUnit
A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in spatial parts.
SpatialTile
The symbol that stands for the ytterbium atom.
YtterbiumSymbol
The superclass for all classes of entities that have no proper parts of the same type of the whole.
Fundamental(x) ≡ ∃φ[φ(x) ∧ ¬∃yRP⟨φ⟩(y, x)]
Fundamental
Lifetime
Maximal
A marathon is an example of class whose individuals are always maximal since the criteria satisfied by a marathon 4D entity poses some constraints on its temporal and spatial extent. On the contrary, the class for a generic running process does not necessarily impose maximality to its individuals. A running individual is maximal only when it extends in time for the minimum amount required to identify a running act, so every possible temporal part is always a non-running. Following the two examples, a marathon individual is a maximal that can be decomposed into running intervals. The marathon class is a subclass of running.
A perspective that categorises causal structures according to the merelogical relations between the whole and the parts, taking into account their types.
Structural
The S I unit of area is the square metre. -- QUDT
SquareMetre
A estimator that uses its predefined knowledge to declare a property of an object.
Assigner
I estimate the molecular mass of the gas in my bottle as 1.00784 u because it is tagged as H.
A characteriser that declares a property for an object without actually interact with it with the specific interaction required by the property definition (i.e. infer a property from other properties).
Estimator
Per Millimeter Unit is a denominator unit with dimensions /mm. -- QUDT
PerMilliMetre
ReciprocalMilliMetre
product of the SI base kilogram and the 0.001-fold of the power of the SI base metre with the exponent 2 -- QUDT
Kilogram Square Millimetre
The class of units with dimensionality 'MassArea'.
MassAreaUnit
A matter entity requires the presence of fermions without excluding the presence of real or virtual fundamental bosons parts that are responsible for the interactions between the (real) fundamental fermions.
The class of physical objects that have some fermionic quantum parts.
The interpretation of the term "matter" is not univocal. Several concepts are labelled with this term, depending on the field of science. The concept mass is sometimes related to the term "matter", even if the former refers to a physical quantity (precisely defined by modern physics) while the latter is a type that qualifies a physical entity. It is possible to identify more than one concept that can be reasonably labelled with the term "matter". For example, it is possible to label as matter only the entities that are made up of atoms. Or more generally, we can be more fine-grained and call "matter" the entities that are made up of protons, neutrons or electrons, so that we can call matter also a neutron radiation or a cathode ray. A more fundamental approach, that we embrace for the EMMO, considers matter as entities that are made of fermions (i.e. quarks and leptons) requiring their presence, without excluding particles like the W and Z bosons that possess some mass, but are not fermions. Antimatter is a subclass of matter.
Matter
PhysicalSubstance
DisjointUnionOf: HybridMatter, OrdinaryMatter, AntiMatter
Matter includes ordinary- and anti-matter. It is possible to have entities that are made of particle and anti-particles (e.g. mesons made of a quark and an anti-quark pair) so that it is possible to have entities that are somewhat heterogeneous with regards to this distinction.
SI unit for pressure.
The SI unit of pressure. The pascal is the standard pressure unit in the MKS metric system, equal to one newton per square meter or one "kilogram per meter per second per second." The unit is named for Blaise Pascal (1623-1662), French philosopher and mathematician, who was the first person to use a barometer to measure differences in altitude. -- QUDT
Pascal
The class of units with dimensionality 'Pressure'.
PressureUnit
The symbol that stands for the titanium atom.
TitaniumSymbol
Nanomoles per kilogram
The class of units with dimensionality 'AmountPerMass'.
AmountPerMassUnit
0.000000000001-fold of the SI derived unit watt divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 -- QUDT
Picowatt Per Square Metre
The class of units with dimensionality 'PowerDensity'.
PowerDensityUnit
Macromolecule
PolyatomicEntity
Given an electric current in a thin conducting loop and the linked flux caused by that electric current in another loop, the mutual inductance of the two loops is the linked flux divided by the electric current.
MutualInductance
A property of an electrical conductor by which a change in current through it induces an electromotive force in both the conductor itself and in any nearby conductors by mutual inductance.
ElectricInductance
Inductance
10**-9 grams or one 10**-12 of the SI standard unit of mass (kilogram). -- QUDT
For normal cases, the relative humidity may be assumed to be equal to relative mass concentration of vapour.
Ratio of the mass concentration of water vapour v to its mass concentration at saturation vsat, at the same temperature, thus ψ = v/vsat.
RelativeMassConcentrationOfWaterVapour
Quantities defined as ratios `Q=A/B` having equal dimensions in numerator and denominator are dimensionless quantities but still have a physical dimension defined as dim(A)/dim(B). Johansson, Ingvar (2010). "Metrological thinking needs the notions of parametric quantities, units and dimensions". Metrologia. 47 (3): 219–230. doi:10.1088/0026-1394/47/3/012. ISSN 0026-1394.
The class of quantities that are the ratio of two quantities with the same physical dimensionality.
RatioQuantity
refractive index, volume fraction, fine structure constant
The class of units with dimensionality 'Momentum'.
MomentumUnit
PicoSiemens
The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricConductance'.
ElectricConductanceUnit
0.001-fold of the SI derived unit tesla -- QUDT
The class of units with dimensionality 'MagneticFluxDensity'.
MagneticFluxDensityUnit
SI unit for magnetic flux density or induction.
The SI unit of flux density (or field intensity) for magnetic fields (also called the magnetic induction). The intensity of a magnetic field can be measured by placing a current-carrying conductor in the field. The magnetic field exerts a force on the conductor, a force which depends on the amount of the current and on the length of the conductor. One tesla is defined as the field intensity generating one newton of force per ampere of current per meter of conductor. Equivalently, one tesla represents a magnetic flux density of one weber per square meter of area. A field of one tesla is quite strong: the strongest fields available in laboratories are about 20 teslas, and the Earth's magnetic flux density, at its surface, is about 50 microteslas. The tesla, defined in 1958, honors the Serbian-American electrical engineer Nikola Tesla (1856-1943), whose work in electromagnetic induction led to the first practical generators and motors using alternating current. -- QUDT
Tesla
Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the nuclear spin quantum number and the nuclear magneton.
GFactorOfNucleusOrNuclearParticle
NuclearGFactor
Relation between observed magnetic moment of a particle and the related unit of magnetic moment.
GFactor
"Real scalar quantity, defined and adopted by convention, with which any other quantity of the same kind can be compared to express the ratio of the second quantity to the first one as a number" ISO 80000-1
A metrological reference for a physical quantity.
MeasurementUnit
kg m/s km
DisjointUnionOf: DimensionlessUnit, DimensionalUnit
DisjointUnionOf: NonPrefixedUnit, PrefixedUnit
measurement unit (VIM3 1.9)
"Unit symbols are mathematical entities and not abbreviations." "Symbols for units are treated as mathematical entities. In expressing the value of a quantity as the product of a numerical value and a unit, both the numerical value and the unit may be treated by the ordinary rules of algebra." https://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si-brochure/SI-Brochure-9-EN.pdf
Measurement units and procedure units are disjoint.
Quantitative value are expressed as a multiple of the 'MeasurementUnit'.
0.1-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 -- QUDT
Square Decimetre
A solvable set of one Physics Equation and one or more Materials Relations.
MaterialsModel
A mathematical entity based on a fundamental physics theory which defines the relations between physics quantities of an entity.
CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata”
PhysicsBasedModel
Dimensionless scalar value which describes the ratio of the force of friction between two bodies and the force pressing them together; depends on the materials used, ranges from near zero to greater than one.
CoefficientOfFriction
FrictionCoefficient
FrictionFactor
SI prefix who's value is 1/1000.
Milli
Measure of a conical geometric figure, called solid angle, formed by all rays, originating from a common point, called the vertex of the solid angle, and passing through the points of a closed, non-self-intersecting curve in space considered as the border of a surface.
SolidAngularMeasure
SolidAngle
Ratio of circular arc length to radius.
Angle
PlaneAngle
Measurement unit obtained by dividing a given measurement unit by an integer SI prefix greater than one.
MetricSubMultipleUnit
reciprocal of the 0.000001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT
PerCubicCentiMetre
ReciprocalCubicCentiMetre
The class of units with dimensionality 'PerVolume'.
PerVolumeUnit
The symbol that stands for the sodium atom.
SodiumSymbol
For the dissociation of a salt AmBn → mA + nB, the solubility product is KSP = am(A) ⋅ an(B), where a is ionic activity and m and n are the stoichiometric numbers.
Product of the ion activities of the ions resulting from the dissociation of a solute in a saturated solution, raised to powers equal to their stoichiometric numbers.
SolubilityProduct
SolubilityProductConstant
Mass increment per time.
MassChangeRate
Ampere per square metre and square Kelvin.
AmperePerSquareMetreSquareKelvin
The class of units with dimensionality 'RichardsonConstant'.
RichardsonConstantUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricChargePerTemperature'.
ElectricChargePerTemperatureUnit
An interpreter who establish the connection between an conventional sign and an object according to a specific convention.
Declarer
A scientist that assigns a quantity to a physical objects without actually measuring it but taking it for granted due to its previous experience (e.g. considering an electron charge as 1.6027663e-19 C, assigning a molecular mass to a gas only by the fact of a name on the bottle).
Someone who assigns a name to an object.
Interpreter classified by how the sign stands for its reference object.
InterpreterByReferent
SecondPolarMomentOfArea
An initial task of a workflow.
There may be more than one begin task, if they run in parallel.
BeginTask
TaskByPosition
A task in a workflow, categorised by its position in the workflow.
A direct part that only is the source, but not the target of temporal relations.
BeginTile
SI derived unit watt divided by the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT
Watt Per Kilogram
A causal structure expresses itself in time and space thanks to the underlying causality relations between its constituent quantum entities. It must at least provide two temporal parts. The unity criterion beyond the definition of a causal structure (the most general concept of structure) is the existence of an undirected causal path between each of its parts.
The class of individuals representing causally self-connected world entities.
The disjoint union of Causal Path and CausalSystem classes.
The most fundamental unity criterion for the definition of an structure is that: - is made of at least two quantums (a structure is not a simple entity) - all quantum parts form a causally connected graph
CausalStructure
EquivalentTo: CausalPath or CausalSystem
A language object respecting the syntactic rules of C++.
CPlusPlus
C++
CompiledLanguage
"Torque" is the tendency of a force to cause a rotation, is the product of the force and the distance from the center of rotation to the point where the force is applied. Torque has the same units as work or energy, but it is a different physical concept. To stress the difference, scientists measure torque in newton meters rather than in joules, the SI unit of work. One newton meter is approximately 0.737562 pound foot. -- QUDT
Note that the physical dimension is the same as for Joule.
NewtonMetre
The class of units with dimensionality 'Energy'.
EnergyUnit
Quantity characterizing the deviation of a solvent from ideal behavior.
OsmoticCoefficientOfSolvent
OsmoticFactorOfSolvent
The symbol that stands for the zirconium atom.
ZirconiumSymbol
Measurement unit obtained by multiplying a given measurement unit by an integer SI prefix greater than one.
MetricMultipleUnit
Faction of electrical current carried by given ionic species.
IonTransportNumber
CurrentFraction
TransferrenceNumber
Measurement unit for electric capacitance.
The SI unit of electric capacitance. Very early in the study of electricity scientists discovered that a pair of conductors separated by an insulator can store a much larger charge than an isolated conductor can store. The better the insulator, the larger the charge that the conductors can hold. This property of a circuit is called capacitance, and it is measured in farads. One farad is defined as the ability to store one coulomb of charge per volt of potential difference between the two conductors. This is a natural definition, but the unit it defines is very large. In practical circuits, capacitance is often measured in microfarads, nanofarads, or sometimes even in picofarads (10⁻¹² farad, or trillionths of a farad). The unit is named for the British physicist Michael Faraday (1791-1867), who was known for his work in electricity and electrochemistry. -- QUDT
Farad
Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a combined tensile and compressive stress.
TensileForming
A manufacturing in which workpieces are produced from solid raw parts through permanent deformation, provided that neither material is added nor removed.
The mass of the raw part is equal to the mass of the finished part.
ReshapeManufacturing
Forming
Umformen
The symbol that stands for the dubnium atom.
DubniumSymbol
The symbol that stands for the hafnium atom.
HafniumSymbol
Bounded matter.
ParticulateMatter
A chemical entity comprises the two different ways to represents matter: as single recognizable particle entity (molecular entity) and as a composition of particle entities (substance). This distinction is not well assessed in actual chemical nomenclature, in which an element name refers to both the pure elemental substance or the atom. In the EMMO we force the adoption of a more strict categorization based on mereotopology. The class Material hosts the subclasses for which a substance can be identified without necessarily considering its nature of molecule/atom or substance (e.g. hydrocarbon is the class of both hydrocarbon molecules or gases).
Atom subclass for thulium.
ThuliumAtom
The symbol that stands for the promethium atom.
PromethiumSymbol
A common metric unit of electric capacitance equal to 10⁻⁹ farad. This unit was previously called the millimicrofarad. -- QUDT
0.000000000001-fold of the SI derived unit Siemens divided by the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
Picosiemens Per Metre
A physical made of more than one symbol sequentially arranged.
A string is made of concatenated symbols whos arrangement is one-dimensional. Each symbol can have only one previous and one next neighborhood (bidirectional list).
String
The word "cat" considered as a collection of 'symbol'-s respecting the rules of english language. In this example the 'symbolic' entity "cat" is not related to the real cat, but it is only a word (like it would be to an italian person that ignores the meaning of this english word). If an 'interpreter' skilled in english language is involved in a 'semiotic' process with this word, that "cat" became also a 'sign' i.e. it became for the 'interpreter' a representation for a real cat.
A string is not requested to respect any syntactic rule: it's simply directly made of symbols.
A WorkPiece is physical artifact, that has a proper shape and occupyes a proper volume intended for subsequent transformation. It is a condensed state, so it is a compact body that is processed or has to be processed.
A solid is defined as a portion of matter that is in a condensed state characterised by resistance to deformation and volume changes.
In manufacturing, a workpiece is a single, delimited part of largely solid material that is processed in some form (e.g. stone ).
In physics, a rigid body (also known as a rigid object[2]) is a solid body in which deformation is zero or so small it can be neglected. The distance between any two given points on a rigid body remains constant in time regardless of external forces or moments exerted on it. A rigid body is usually considered as a continuous distribution of mass.
It has a shape, so we conclude that it is solid
Seems to have to be processed through mechanical deformation. So it takes part of a manufacturing process. It is a Manufactured Product and it can be a Commercial Product
The raw material or partially finished piece that is shaped by performing various operations.
a physical artifact, real or virtual, intended for subsequent transformation within some manufacturing operation
it seems to be an intermediate product, that has to reach the final shape.
it seems to be solid, so it has a proper shape
powder is not workpiece because it has the shape of the recipient containing them
WorkPiece
A task that is a well formed tile of a workflow, according to a reductionistic description.
A task tile is part of a specific granularity level for the workflow description, as composition of tasks.
While a task is only an holistic part of a workflow, a task tile provide a more precise context about the placement of a task in the topological structure of a workflow by using a reductionistic categorization. A workflow is now seen as a tiling and the task is on of its tiles.
TaskTile
Step
A procedure that is an hoilistic part of a workflow.
A task is a generic part of a workflow, without taking care of the task granularities. It means that you can declare that e.g. tightening a bolt is a task of building an airplane, without caring of the coarser tasks to which this tightening belongs.
The concept of task is developed in strict connection with the concept of workflow: a task is always part of a workflow and a workflow always possess some tasks. This makes the relation between task and workflow an holistic relation, with task as role and workflow as whole. A task is also holistically connected to an intentional agent, since a task is defined as a procedure. For this reason a task is both a role, with respect to a workflow, and a whole, with respect to an intentional agent.
Task
Job
A causal object that is direct part of a tessellation.
Tile
Base quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ).
ISQBaseQuantity
The symbol that stands for the lithium atom.
LithiumSymbol
A collection is the concept that complements the item. A collection is an entity that has at least one part non directly causally connected with the rest. A collection can be partitioned in maximally connected items called members. The members are self-connected entities and there is no direct causality relation between them. The combination of collection and item concepts is the EMMO mereocausality alternative to set theory. However, two items can be members only if they are non direct causally connected, giving some constraints to a collection definition. For example, two entities which are directly connected cannot be two distinct members, while their interiors (i.e. the entities obtained by removing the layer of parts that provides the causal contact between them) can be.
The class of not direct causally self-connected world entities.
Collection
The collection of users of a particular software, the collection of atoms that have been part of that just dissociated molecule.
The class of individuals representing causal clusters.
The disjoint union of the CausalSystem and Collection classes.
With the causal cluster term we address an heterogeneous group of entities, which possess the common feature of having at least two causally non connected quanta. It comprises collections (non self-connected entities) and causal systems (entities extended in space).
CausalCluster
EquivalentTo: Collection or CausalSystem
A MicroCoulomb is 10⁻⁶ C. -- QUDT
MicroCoulomb
The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricChargePerAmount'.
ElectricChargePerAmountUnit
An interpreter who establish the connection between an index sign and an object according to a causal contiguity.
Deducer
Someone who deduces an emotional status of a persona according to facial expression.
Someone who deduces the occurring of a physical phenomenon through other phenomena.
0.000001-fold of the SI base unit metre divided by the SI base unit kelvin -- QUDT
MicroMetrePerKelvin
Micrometre Per Kelvin
"Kilogram Square Meter Per Second" is a unit for 'Angular Momentum' expressed as kg-m²-s⁻¹. -- QUDT
Kilogram Square Metre Per Second
The class of units with dimensionality 'AngularMomentum'.
AngularMomentumUnit
EMMO entities dimensionality is related to their mereocausal structures. From the no-dimensional quantum entity, we introduce time dimension with the elementary concept, and space with the causal system concept. The EMMO conceptualisation does not allow the existence of space without a temporal dimension, the latter coming from a causal relation between entities. For this reason, the EMMO entities that are not quantum or elementaries, may be considered to be always 4D spatiotemporal entities. Moreover, the combination of mereology and causality used in the EMMO theory (mereocausality) represents entities as direct acyclic graphs with dimension of 4 (i.e., the mereocasual graph can be represented in a 4D euclidian space with edges having unit length). For this reasons, the EMMO can be considered a 4D ontology.
The EMMO conceptualises the world using the primitive concepts of causality and parthood. Parthood is about the composition of world entities starting from other more fundamental entities. Causality is about the interactions between world entities. The quantum is the smallest indivisible part of any world entity. Quantum individuals are the fundamental causal constituents of the universe, since it is implied that causality originates from quantum-to-quantum interactions. Quantums are no-dimensional, and their aggregation makes spacetime emerge from their causal structure. We can think of a quantum as an elementary particle after and interaction and before another interaction. Causality between macro entities (i.e. entities made of more than one quantum) is explained as the sum of the causality relations between their quantum constituents. Fundamental interactions (quantum fields) are represented as symmetric causality relation between macro entities, while classical interactions are mediated by chain of quantums (i.e. elementary particles). The fundamental distinction between world entities is causality self-connectedness: a world entity can be self-connected xor not self-connected depending on the causality network of its fundamental components. Void regions do not exist in the EMMO. In other words there is no spacetime without entities and spacetime emerges as relational property not as a self-standing entity). Entities are not placed in space or time: space and time are measured quantities, always relative between entities and are measured. In other words, space and time relations originates from causality interactions.
The class of all the OWL individuals representing world entities according to EMMO conceptualisation.
The disjoint union of the fundamental mereocausal classes of Quantum, CausalPath, CausalSystem and Collection.
DisjointUnion: CausalPath, Collection, Quantum, CausalSystem
MatterByType
Measure of magnetism, taking account of the strength and the extent of a magnetic field.
MagneticFlux
Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-6.
ElectromagneticQuantity
An item can be classified as an object according to a type ϕ (a ϕ-object) if it's a ϕ all its temporal item parts are also of type ϕ. This conceptualisation tries to catch the persistency of type in the temporal parts of an entity.
Indefinitely temporally slicing of an entity leads to temporal parts whose temporal extension is so small that the connectivity relations that define the entity as an item will no longer hold. More generally. a temporal part is no more of type ϕ when the temporal interval is lower than the interval that characterizes the causality interactions between the object parts. In other terms, if the time span of a temporal part is lower than the inverse of the frequency of interactions between the constituents, then the constituents in such temporal part are not connected. The object is no more an object, neither an item, but simply a collection of fundamental quantum parts. For this reason, the definition of object is done by considering only item temporal parts, meaning that slicing in time has the lower limit of a self-connected (i.e. item) entity.
The superclass for causal structure classes whose individuals have all temporal item parts of the same type of the whole.
Continuant
Endurant
Practically speaking, the Object class can be populated by primitive subclasses (e.g. Car) for each of which holds the axiom that all the item parts are of the same type of the whole (e.g. Car SubClassOf hasTemporalItemPart only Car). The intended usage is not for an individual to belong directly to Object, but to belong to a specific subclass of Object that identifies entities with a type-persistent structure.
Equivalent To: Constituent or Participant or Status or SubObject
The persistence perspective classifies entities according to the persistence of temporal parts of specifc type, introducing the distiction between objects (when a type is conserved through all its time parts) or processes (where a type is not conserved through all its time parts). This perspective provides classes aimed to represent concepts similar to the ones of endurant and perdurant (a.k.a. continuant and occurrent). However, in the EMMO case, an entity is defined as an object or a process according to a specific type, and not per-se. For this reason an entity in the EMMO can be classified both object or a process depending on the reference type, due to the underlying 4D framework (e.g. an individual may belong both to the class of runners and the class of running process), and the distinction is purely representational. This categorisation has been introduced due to the large use of object/process commonsensical concepts, and the fact that our language distinguish between nouns and verbs to address things, forcing the separation between things that happens and things that persist.
The union of the object or process classes.
Persistence
Newton Meter per Radian is the SI unit for Torsion Constant -- QUDT
NewtonMetrePerRadian
Newton metre per radian
A tessellation in which a tile is next for two or more non spatially connected tiles.
Join
A well formed tessellation with tiles that are all temporal.
TemporalTiling
Ohm metre.
OhmMetre
The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricResistivity'.
ElectricResistivityUnit
SI prefix who's value is 1e27.
Ronna
In a metal, highest occupied energy level at zero thermodynamic temperature, where energy level means the energy of an electron in the interior of a substance.
FermiEnergy
A symbolic data is a data that is rooted on some specified symbolic based encoding, such as floating point numbers, strings, integer. When a symbolic data is used for expressing numerical data (e.g., integer), it is not to be intended as a mathematical entity (even if it may be interpreted as such) but as a syntactic structure (datastructures or datatypes) based on concatenated tokens (or symbols, letters) that can deliver data.
The class for entities which stands for a specific data format expressed using a symbolic encoding.
SymbolicData
Measure for the energy lost by charged particles per traversed distance, including only interactions up to a given energy.
LinearEnergyTransfer
A Miixture is a material made up of two or more different substances which are physically (not chemically) combined.
Mixture
A continuum is made of a sufficient number of parts that it continues to exists as continuum individual even after the loss of one of them i.e. a continuum is a redundant.
A state that is a collection of sufficiently large number of other parts such that: - it is the bearer of qualities that can exists only by the fact that it is a sum of parts - the smallest partition dV of the state volume in which we are interested in, contains enough parts to be statistically consistent: n [#/m3] x dV [m3] >> 1
ContinuumSubstance
A continuum is not necessarily small (i.e. composed by the minimum amount of sates to fulfill the definition). A single continuum individual can be the whole fluid in a pipe.
A continuum is the bearer of properties that are generated by the interactions of parts such as viscosity and thermal or electrical conductivity.
The SI unit of electromagnetic moment. -- QUDT
AmpereSquareMetre
Ampere Square Metre
The class of units with dimensionality 'MagneticDipoleMoment'.
MagneticDipoleMomentUnit
0,001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the 1000-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
Gram Per Kilometre
The class of units with dimensionality 'MassPerLength'.
MassPerLengthUnit
An interpreted computer language for job control in computing.
CommandLanguage
Unix shell. Batch programming languages.
A computer language by which a human can specify an executable problem solution to a computer.
ConstructionLanguage
A estimation of a property by a criteria based on the pre-existing knowledge of the estimator.
Assignment
The Argon gas in my bottle has ionisation energy of 15.7596 eV. This is not measured but assigned to this material by previous knowledge.
A determination of an object without any actual interaction.
Estimation
At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the magnetic area moment m of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V.
Magnetization
Picomoles per cubic metre
The class of units with dimensionality 'AmountConcentration'.
AmountConcentrationUnit
Number of donor levels per volume.
DonorDensity
Physical quantity for measuring per volume.
ReciprocalVolume
A quantity whose magnitude is independent of the size of the system.
Intensive
Temperature Density Pressure ChemicalPotential
Heat capacity divided by mass.
SpecificHeatCapacity
A collapse is a fundamental interaction between m colliding particles that results in a single outgoing particle (inverse decay) that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,1) with m>1.
Collapse
A causal system that is the representation of a Feynman diagram, where quantum represents the real particles entering and exiting the system.
A fundamental physical process is made of one or more standard particles as input, and one or more standard particles as output, where each input is direct cause of each output. Each fundamental physical phenomena refers to a Feynman diagram, hence is made at least of three standard model particles. This requirement implies that a physical phenomena is either a decay, annihilation, interaction, collapse or creation phenomena (fundamental) or a composition of them (non-fundamental).
A fundamental system is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n) of quantums, m being the number of originating quantums, and n being the receiving quantums.
FundamentalPhysicalSystem
DisjointUnionOf: Collapse, Interaction, Decay
A language object is a discrete data entity respecting specific language syntactic rules (a well-formed formula).
Language
A discrete data whose elements can be decoded as tokens from one or more alphabets, without necessarily respecting syntactic rules.
A symbolic entity is not necessarily graphical (e.g. it doesn't necessarily have the physical shape of a letter), but its elements can be decoded and put in relation with an alphabet. In other words, a sequence of bit "1000010" in a RAM (a non-graphical entity) is a valid symbol since it can be decoded through ASCII rules as the letter "B". The same holds for an entity standing for the sound of a voice saying: "Hello", since it can be decomposed in discrete parts, each of them being associated to a letter of an alphabet.
Symbolic
fe780 emmo !5*a cat for(i=0;i<N;++i)
EquivalentTo: SymbolicConstruct or Symbol
A symbolic object possesses a reductionistic oriented structure. For example, text is made of words, spaces and punctuations. Words are made of characters (i.e. atomic symbols).
Atom subclass for vanadium.
VanadiumAtom
Product of mass and velocity.
Momentum
Differential quotient of the cross section for scattering a particle in a given direction and the solid angle around that direction.
DirectionDistributionOfCrossSection
Reciprocal of the thermal resistance.
ThermalConductance
derived SI unit coulomb divided by the 0.000 001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre by exponent 3 -- QUDT
CoulombPerCubicCentiMetre
Coulomb Per Cubic Centimetre
The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricChargeDensity'.
ElectricChargeDensityUnit
`Centimeter Second Degree Celsius` is a C.G.S System unit for 'Length Temperature Time' expressed as cm-s-degC. -- QUDT
Centimetre Second Degree Celsius
Measurement units that are not SI units.
NonSIUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'LengthTimeTemperature'.
LengthTimeTemperatureUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'PerLength'.
PerLengthUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'MassPerQuarticTime'.
MassPerQuarticTimeUnit
A procedure can be considered as an intentional process with a plan.
An intentional process in which an agent works with some entities according to some existing formalised operative rules.
The set of established forms or methods of an organized body for accomplishing a certain task or tasks (Wiktionary).
Procedure
Elaboration
Work
The process in which a control unit of a CPU (the agent) orchestrates some cached binary data according to a list of instructions (e.g. a program). The process in which a librarian order books alphabetically on a shelf. The execution of an algorithm.
A logarithmic unit is a unit that can be used to express a quantity (physical or mathematical) on a logarithmic scale, that is, as being proportional to the value of a logarithm function applied to the ratio of the quantity and a reference quantity of the same type.
Note that logarithmic units like decibel or neper are not univocally defines, since their definition depends on whether they are used to measure a "power" or a "root-power" quantity. It is advisory to create a uniquely defined subclass these units for concrete usage.
LogarithmicUnit
Decibel
Negative quotient of Helmholtz energy and temperature.
MassieuFunction
A symbol that stands for a concept in the language of the meterological domain of ISO 80000.
MetrologicalSymbol
A measurement unit symbol that do not have a metric prefix as a direct spatial part.
NonPrefixedUnit
SizeDefinedMaterial
A instance of a material (e.g. nitrogen) can represent any state of matter. The fact that the individual also belongs to other classes (e.g. Gas) would reveal the actual form in which the material is found.
The class of individuals standing for an amount of ordinary matter substance (or mixture of substances) in different states of matter or phases.
Material
Material usually means some definite kind, quality, or quantity of matter, especially as intended for use.
Encoded data made of more than one datum.
DataSet
A self-consistent encoded data entity.
Datum
A character, a bit, a song in a CD.
A property that is associated to an object by convention, or assumption.
A quantitative property attributed by agreement to a quantity for a given purpose.
ConventionalProperty
The thermal conductivity of a copper sample in my laboratory can be assumed to be the conductivity that appears in the vendor specification. This value has been obtained by measurement of a sample which is not the one I have in my laboratory. This conductivity value is then a conventional quantitiative property assigned to my sample through a semiotic process in which no actual measurement is done by my laboratory. If I don't believe the vendor, then I can measure the actual thermal conductivity. I then perform a measurement process that semiotically assign another value for the conductivity, which is a measured property, since is part of a measurement process. Then I have two different physical quantities that are properties thanks to two different semiotic processes.
`Kelvin per Square Second` is a unit for 'Temperature Per Time Squared' expressed as K / s². -- QUDT
KelvinPerSquareSecond
Kelvin per Square Second
The symbol that stands for the livermorium atom.
LivermoriumSymbol
0,01-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the SI base unit mol -- QUDT
GramPerMole
Gram Per Mole
The class of units with dimensionality 'MassPerAmount'.
MassPerAmountUnit
A system of independent elements that are assembled together to perform a function.
Assembled
A system which is mainly characterised by the spatial configuration of its elements.
HolisticArrangement
1 000-fold of the SI derived unit volt -- QUDT
The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricPotential'.
ElectricPotentialUnit
1,000,000-fold of the derived unit pascal -- QUDT
Atom subclass for holmium.
HolmiumAtom
A non-elementary particle (bonded) of a fundamental bosonic type (integer spin).
CompositeBoson
Examples of composite particles with integer spin: spin 0: H1 and He4 in ground state, pion spin 1: H1 and He4 in first excited state, meson spin 2: O15 in ground state.
A composite particle is a bonded particle for which it is possible to clearly define its bosonic or fermionic behaviour. The term particle is then reserved for entities whose fermionic or bosonic nature is clearly defined.
BondedParticle
DisjointUnionOf: CompositeBoson, CompositeFermion
A physical particle with integer spin that follows Bose–Einstein statistics.
Boson
A non-elementary particle (bonded) of a fundamental fermionic type (half-integer spin).
CompositeFermion
Examples of composite particles with half-integer spin: spin 1/2: He3 in ground state, proton, neutron spin 3/2: He5 in ground state, Delta baryons (excitations of the proton and neutron)
An elementary particle of a fundamental bosonic type.
ElementaryBoson
Cubic Meter Per Kilogram (m3/kg) is a unit in the category of Specific volume. It is also known as cubic meters per kilogram, cubic metre per kilogram, cubic metres per kilogram, cubic meter/kilogram, cubic metre/kilogram. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Cubic Meter Per Kilogram (m3/kg) has a dimension of M-1L3 where M is mass, and L is length. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT
Cubic Metre per Kilogram
The class of units with dimensionality 'VolumePerMass'.
VolumePerMassUnit
Vector quantity obtained at a given point by adding the electric polarization P to the product of the electric field strength E and the electric constant ε0.
ElectricFluxDensity
ElectricDisplacement
CentrifugalCasting
Casting
Atom subclass for lawrencium.
LawrenciumAtom
A cubic metre per second (m³s⁻¹, m³/s), cumecs or cubic meter per second in American English) is a derived SI unit of flow rate equal to that of a stere or cube with sides of one metre ( u0303 39.37 in) in length exchanged or moving each second. It is popularly used for water flow, especially in rivers and streams, and fractions for HVAC values measuring air flow. -- QUDT
CubicMetrePerSecond
Cubic Metre per Second
The class of units with dimensionality 'VolumePerTime'.
VolumePerTimeUnit
Quantity representing the spatial distribution of mass in a continuous material.
Density
MassConcentration
MassDensity
Mass per volume.
MergingManufacturing
A manufacturing with an output that is an object with a specific function, shape, or intended use, not simply a material.
WorkpieceManufacturing
ISO 15531-1:2004 discrete manufacturing: production of discrete items.
ISO 8887-1:2017 manufacturing: production of components
DiscreteManufacturing
Werkstücke
Quotient of linear attenuation coefficient µ and the amount c of the medium.
MolarAttenuationCoefficient
Collective agency occurs when two or more individuals act as a group, in accordance with certain principles or procedures that constitute and organize the group.
The group acting collectively is intended to be represented as an item, meaning that all members of the group should have had at least one causal interaction with another member. The collective action in fact is taken in accordance with certain principles or procedures that constitute and organize the group itself that requires implicitly a causal interaction between members.
CollectiveAgency
IntentionalAgencyByKind
A semiotic process that assigns a sign by recognising an object by how it resemble or imitate what the sign stands for, in shape, function or by sharing a similar logical structure.
Cognition
IconSemiosis
A formal computer-interpretable identifier of a system resource.
ResourceIdentifier
Information is data with a meaning (semiotic sign).
The General Definition of Information (GDI) can be used to define the concept of information. (GDI) a is an instance of information, understood as semantic content, if and only if: GDI.l) a consists of n data, for n > 1; GDI.2) the data are well formed; GDI.3) the well-formed data are meaningful. In the EMMO conceptualisation, well-formed data are data with a specific syntactic structure (symbolic and reductionistic modules), while meaningful data are data that are part of a semiotic interpretation process that declares what the data are about (semiotic module).
Information
A well-formed formula in computer science may be or not be interpreted by a computer. For example pseudo-code is only intended for human consumption.
A well-formed formula that follows the syntactic rules of computer science.
ComputerScience
Logarithmic measure of the number of available states of a system.
May also be referred to as a measure of order of a system.
Entropy
The symbol that stands for the beryllium atom.
BerylliumSymbol
In photometry, the lumen second is the SI derived unit of luminous energy. It is based on the lumen, the SI unit of luminous flux, and the second, the SI base unit of time. The lumen second is sometimes called the talbot (symbol T). An older name for the lumen second was the lumberg. -- QUDT
LumenSecond
lumen second
0,001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the 0.001-fold the SI base unit meter -- QUDT
Gram Per Millimetre
Atom subclass for gadolinium.
GadoliniumAtom
A program is a sequence of instructions understandable by a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that indicates which operations the computer should perform on a set of data.
A set of instructions that tell a computer what to do.
Program
Executable
All or part of the programs, procedures, rules, and associated documentation of an information processing system.
Software is usually used as a generic term for programs. However, in its broadest sense it can refer to all information (i.e., both programs and data) in electronic form and can provide a distinction from hardware, which refers to computers or other electronic systems on which software can exist and be use. Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code, script files) that takes part to the building of the executable, are necessary to the execution of a program or that document it for the users.
Software
0,001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the 0.001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT
Gram Per Cubic Decimetre
The class of units with dimensionality 'Density'.
DensityUnit
SI derived unit siemens divided by the SI base unit metre. -- QUDT
SiemensPerMetre
Siemens Per Metre
Atom subclass for manganese.
ManganeseAtom
A scripting language developed specifically for an application, so that it's usage and interpretation is limited in this context.
ApplicationSpecificScript
Scripting file for the execution of modelling software such as LAMMPS, OpenFOAM, or for general purpose platforms such as MATLAB or Mathematica.
A programming language that is executed through runtime interpretation.
ScriptingLanguage
The SI unit of exposure rate -- QUDT
Coulomb Per Kilogram Second
The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricCurrentPerMass'.
ElectricCurrentPerMassUnit
Atom subclass for chlorine.
ChlorineAtom
An astronomical unit (abbreviated as AU, au, a.u., or ua) is a unit of length equal to 149,597,870,700 metres (92,955,807.273 mi) or approximately the mean Earth Sun distance. The symbol ua is recommended by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures, and the international standard ISO 80000, while au is recommended by the International Astronomical Union, and is more common in Anglosphere countries. In general, the International System of Units only uses capital letters for the symbols of units which are named after individual scientists, while au or a.u. can also mean atomic unit or even arbitrary unit. However, the use of AU to refer to the astronomical unit is widespread. The astronomical constant whose value is one astronomical unit is referred to as unit distance and is given the symbol A. [Wikipedia] -- QUDT
One astronomical unit is defined as exactly 149597870700 m, which is roughly the distance from earth to sun.
AstronomicalUnit
astronomical-unit
The mole, symbol mol, is the SI unit of amount of substance. One mole contains exactly 6.022 140 76 × 1023 elementary entities. This number is the fixed numerical value of the Avogadro constant, NA, when expressed in the unit mol−1 and is called the Avogadro number. The amount of substance, symbol n, of a system is a measure of the number of specified elementary entities. An elementary entity may be an atom, a molecule, an ion, an electron, any other particle or specified group of particles.
Mole
The base units in the SI system.
SIBaseUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'Amount'.
AmountUnit
SI prefix who's value is 1/10.
Deci
SI unit for electric charge.
The SI unit of electric charge. One coulomb is the amount of charge accumulated in one second by a current of one ampere. Electricity is actually a flow of charged particles, such as electrons, protons, or ions. The charge on one of these particles is a whole-number multiple of the charge e on a single electron, and one coulomb represents a charge of approximately 6.241 506 x 1018 e. The coulomb is named for a French physicist, Charles-Augustin de Coulomb (1736-1806), who was the first to measure accurately the forces exerted between electric charges. -- QUDT
Coulomb
Apparent admittance is often denoted by Y .
quotient of the rms value of the electric current in a two-terminal element or a two-terminal circuit by the rms value of the voltage between its terminals.
ModulusOfAdmittance
Inverse of 'ElectricalResistance'.
Measure of the ease for electric current to pass through a material.
ElectricConductance
Conductance
An holistic temporal part of a whole.
TemporalRole
HolisticTemporalPart
The superclass for all classes that categorise roles according to that fact that they are temporal or non-temporal parts of the whole.
RoleBySpatiotemporal
One dalton is defined as one twelfth of the mass of an unbound neutral atom of carbon-12 in its nuclear and electronic ground state.
The unified atomic mass unit (symbol: μ) or dalton (symbol: Da) is a unit that is used for indicating mass on an atomic or molecular scale. It is defined as one twelfth of the rest mass of an unbound atom of carbon-12 in its nuclear and electronic ground state, and has a value of 1.660538782(83) × 10⁻²⁷ kg. One Da is approximately equal to the mass of one proton or one neutron. The CIPM have categorised it as a "non-SI unit whose values in SI units must be obtained experimentally". -- QUDT
Dalton
AtomicMassUnit
ChemicalSymbol
Subclasses of 'Symbol' are alphabets, in formal languages terminology. A 'Symbol' is atomic for that alphabet, i.e. it has no parts that are symbols for the same alphabet. e.g. a math symbol is not made of other math symbols A Symbol may be a String in another language. e.g. "Bq" is the symbol for Becquerel units when dealing with metrology, or a string of "B" and "q" symbols when dealing with characters.
The class of individuals that stand for an elementary mark of a specific symbolic code (alphabet).
Symbol
AlphabeticEntity
A letter, a number, a punctuation sign, a space, an UTF-8 character.
The class of letter "A" is the symbol as idea and the letter A that you see on the screen is the mark that can be represented by an individual belonging to "A".
Symbols of a formal language need not be symbols of anything. For instance there are logical constants which do not refer to any idea, but rather serve as a form of punctuation in the language (e.g. parentheses). Symbols of a formal language must be capable of being specified without any reference to any interpretation of them. (Wikipedia)
The class is the idea of the symbol, while the individual of that class stands for a specific mark (or token) of that idea.
A language object that follows the syntactic rules used in the chemical field.
Chemical
The class of units with dimensionality 'AreaDensity'.
AreaDensityUnit
Defines the Candela base unit in the SI system.
The luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 × 10 12 Hz, K cd , is a technical constant that gives an exact numerical relationship between the purely physical characteristics of the radiant power stimulating the human eye (W) and its photobiological response defined by the luminous flux due to the spectral responsivity of a standard observer (lm) at a frequency of 540 × 10 12 hertz.
LuminousEfficacyOf540THzRadiation
Physical constant that by definition (after the latest revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019) has a known exact numerical value when expressed in SI units.
SIExactConstant
0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit farad divided by the SI base unit metre. -- QUDT
MicroFaradPerMetre
Microfarad Per Metre
The class of units with dimensionality 'Permittivity'.
PermittivityUnit
The symbol that stands for the europium atom.
EuropiumSymbol
Watt per square metre and nanometre and steradian unit.
The class of units with dimensionality 'PressurePerTime'.
PressurePerTimeUnit
Sum of the kinetic energy of the α-particle produced in the disintegration process and the recoil energy of the product atom in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration.
AlphaDisintegrationEnergy
Written as pOH
number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aOH- of the hydroxide anion OH- pH = −10 log(a_OH-)
POH
Normally a standard solution is a solution of the ion at a molality of 1 mol/kg (exactly). Standardized conditions are normally 1013,25 hPa and 25 °C.
The correction factor is called activity coefficient and it is determined experimentally. See ActivityCoefficient
ratio of the product of ion molality b and a correction factor γ to the molality b° of the same ion in a standard solution under standardized conditions: a = bγ / b°.
IonActivity
At about 25 °C aqueous solutions with: pH < 7 are acidic; pH = 7 are neutral; pH > 7 are alkaline. At temperatures far from 25 °C the pH of a neutral solution differs significantly from 7.
Number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aH+ of the hydrogen cation H+ pH = −10 log(a_H+).
Written as pH
For more details, see ISO 80000-9:2009, Annex C
A unit in the category of specific area.
Square metres per gram
The class of units with dimensionality 'AreaPerMass'.
AreaPerMassUnit
A manufacturing in which material is removed from the workpiece in the form of chips.
Machining
DefinedEdgeCutting
Machining in which a tool is used whose number of cutting edges, geometry of the cutting wedges and position of the cutting edges in relation to the workpiece are determined
Spanen mit geometrisch bestimmten Schneiden
Joule per kilogram and Kelvin and Pascal.
Coercive field strength in a substance when either the magnetic flux density or the magnetic polarization and magnetization is brought from its value at magnetic saturation to zero by monotonic reduction of the applied magnetic field strength.
Coercivity
The class of units with dimensionality 'TimePerVolume'.
TimePerVolumeUnit
An iterative workflow which is a task of a larger workflow.
IterativeTask
A Jacobi method, involving the iterative multiplication between a matrix A and a vector x, which is part of larger workflow for the solution of a partial differential equation using finite differences.
TaskByFlow
A task in a workflow, categorised by how it is connected to other tasks.
A workflow whose steps are the repetition of the same task type.
IterativeWorkflow
Method of joining metallic materials with the aid of a molten filler metal (solder), optionally with the use of flow agents
Soldering
A manufacturing involving the creation of long-term connection of several workpieces.
The permanent joining or other bringing together of two or more workpieces of a geometric shape or of similar workpieces with shapeless material. In each case, the cohesion is created locally and increased as a whole.
JoinManufacturing
Fügen
0.000000001-fold of the SI derived unit henry divided by the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
Nanohenry Per Metre
The class of units with dimensionality 'Permeability'.
PermeabilityUnit
A mereological fusion is any entity that is made up of two or more quantum entities, regardless of the fact that they are or not self-connected. It captures the idea of set, but excluding singletons.
The class of individuals representing mereological fusions consisting of two or more quantum entities.
The union of the CausalCluster and CausalStructure classes.
Fusion
An atom, a group of persons, a fluid.
EquivalentTo: CausalCluster or CausalStructure
action to disassemble a product or a component by removing all or some of its constituent parts with the intent to salvage
Dismantling
A manufacturing process in which the shape of a workpiece is changed by breaking the material cohesion at the processing point and thus the material cohesion is reduced overall.
SeparateManufacturing
CuttingManufacturing
Trennen
Unavailable. -- QUDT
Nanomoles per micromole
Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two amount of substance.
AmountFractionUnit
Unit for amount fraction.
A graphical object aimed to represent schematically the conceptual, temporal or spatial structure of another object, that may or may not exist.
Representation
A 'Perceptual' which stands for a real world object whose spatial configuration results from an explicit graphical procedure and shows an identifiable pattern.
This concept includes only things that are purposely created by an agent.
Graphical
'Graphical' objects include writings, pictures, sketches ...
An atom_based state defined by an exact number of e-bonded atomic species and an electron cloud made of the shared electrons.
An entity is called essential if removing one direct part will lead to a change in entity class. An entity is called redundant if removing one direct part will not lead to a change in entity class.
Molecule
H₂0, C₆H₁₂O₆, CH₄
DisjointUnionOf: Heteronuclear, Homonuclear
This definition states that this object is a non-periodic set of atoms or a set with a finite periodicity. Removing an atom from the state will result in another type of atom_based state. e.g. you cannot remove H from H₂0 without changing the molecule type (essential). However, you can remove a C from a nanotube (redundant). C60 fullerene is a molecule, since it has a finite periodicity and is made of a well defined number of atoms (essential). A C nanotube is not a molecule, since it has an infinite periodicity (redundant).
Exponent
AlgebraicOperator
A centimole 0.01 N.
CentiMole
centimole
A language object that follows syntactic rules of a programming language.
A programming language object can also be a fragment (e.g. a C function) not suitable for exectution.
ProgrammingLanguage
Code
SoftwareCode
Entities are not necessarily digital data, but can be code fragments printed on paper.
In nuclear physics, product of the number density of atoms of a given type and the cross section.
VolumicCrossSection
MacroscopicCrossSection
"Kilogram Meter Per Second" is a unit for 'Linear Momentum' expressed as kg-m/s. -- QUDT
Kilogram Metre Per Second
A meson with spin zero and even parity.
ScalarMeson
Hadronic subatomic particles composed of an equal number of quarks and antiquarks bound together by strong interactions.
Most mesons are composed of one quark and one antiquark.
Meson
EquivalentTo: PseudoscalarMeson or VectorMeson or ScalarMeson or PseudovectorMeson or TensorMeson
Differential quotient of N with respect to time, where N is the number of particles being emitted from an infinitesimally small volume element in the time interval of duration dt, and dt.
ParticleEmissionRate
A quantity defined as the inverse of time.
ReciprocalDuration
InverseDuration
InverseTime
ReciprocalTime
Frequency or rate.
A TeraCoulomb is 10¹² C. -- QUDT
TeraCoulomb
A ZeptoCoulomb is 10⁻²¹ C. -- QUDT
ZeptoCoulomb
Superclass for all units prefixed with "zepto" (1e-21).
ZeptoPrefixedUnit
Quotient of Thomson heat power developed, and the electric current and temperature difference.
ThomsonCoefficient
Change of thermodynamic temperature with respect to pressure in a Joule-Thomson process at constant enthalpy.
JouleThomsonCoefficient
This unit is used commonly to describe Photosynthetic Photon Flux (PPF) - the total number of photons emitted by a light source each second within the PAR wavelength range. -- QUDT
Micromoles per second
The class of units with dimensionality 'CatalyticActivity'.
CatalyticActivityUnit
Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the mass m of that sample.
SpecificActivity
MassicActivity
distance between successive lattice planes
LatticePlaneSpacing
Distance is the norm of Displacement.
Shortest path length between two points in a metric space.
Distance
A system is conceived as an aggregate of things that 'work' (or interact) together. While a system extends in time through distinct temporal parts (like every other 4D object), this elucdation focuses on a timescale in which the obejct shows a persistence in time.
An object that is made of a set of sub objects working together as parts of a mechanism or an interconnecting network (natural or artificial); a complex whole.
HolisticSystem
A whole is always defined using a criterion expressed through the classical transitive parthood relation. This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its wholeness, dependently on some of their parts and independently on the surroundings.
The superclass of entities which are defined by requiring the existence of some parts (at least one) of specifically given types, where the specified types are different with respect to the type of the whole.
Whole
A whole is categorized as fundamental (or maximal) or redundant (non-maximal).
Relative change of length per change of temperature.
LinearExpansionCoefficient
Material property which describes how the size of an object changes with a change in temperature.
CoefficientOfThermalExpansion
ThermalExpansionCoefficient
`Watt Per Steradian (W/sr)` is the unit in the category of Radiant intensity. It is also known as watts per steradian. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Watt Per Steradian (W/sr) has a dimension of M· L⁻²· T⁻³ where M is mass, L is length, and T is time. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT
WattPerSteradian
Watt per Steradian
0.001-fold of the SI derived unit henry divided by the 1 000-fold of the SI derived unit ohm -- QUDT
Millihenry Per Kiloohm
The superclass for all classes of entities that have a proper parts of the same type φ of the whole, but have no φ proper part that is part of other φ proper parts.
NonNuclear
The superclass for all classes of entities that have a proper parts of the same type of the whole that overlaps all the oter proper parts of the same type.
Multiplex
Square metres per square Hertz.
The class of units with dimensionality 'AreaSquareTime'.
AreaSquareTimeUnit
Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress
Bending
FlexuralForming
In general, for a given set of information, it is understood that the measurement uncertainty is associated with a stated quantity value. A modification of this value results in a modification of the associated uncertainty.
Metrological uncertainty in EMMO is a slight generalisation of the VIM term 'measurement uncertainty', which is defined as "a non-negative parameter characterising the dispersion of the quantity being measured".
Metrological uncertainty includes components arising from systematic effects, such as components associated with corrections and the assigned quantity values of measurement standards, as well as the definitional uncertainty. Sometimes estimated systematic effects are not corrected for but, instead, associated measurement uncertainty components are incorporated.
The uncertainty of a quantity obtained through a well-defined procedure, characterising of the dispersion of the quantity.
MetrologicalUncertainty
A metrological uncertainty can be assigned to any objective property via the 'hasMetrologicalUncertainty' relation.
- Standard deviation - Half-width of an interval with a stated coverage probability
The symbol that stands for the radon atom.
RadonSymbol
Length of the repetition interval of a wave.
Wavelength
Extend of a spatial dimension.
Length is a non-negative additive quantity attributed to a one-dimensional object in space.
Length
FromWorkPIecetoWorkPiece
Atom subclass for helium.
HeliumAtom
SI unit for electric potential difference.
The volt is the unit of electric potential difference—electric potential difference is also known as voltage. The size of 1 volt is officially defined as the potential difference between two points of a wire carrying a current of 1 ampere when the power dissipated in the wire is 1 watt.
Volt
1,000,000,000,000-fold of the SI derived unit watt -- QUDT
Atom subclass for potassium.
PotassiumAtom
The class of units with dimensionality 'PerThermalTransmittance'.
PerThermalTransmittanceUnit
SI unit for power.
The SI unit of power. Power is the rate at which work is done, or (equivalently) the rate at which energy is expended. One watt is equal to a power rate of one joule of work per second of time. This unit is used both in mechanics and in electricity, so it links the mechanical and electrical units to one another. In mechanical terms, one watt equals about 0.001 341 02 horsepower (hp) or 0.737 562 foot-pound per second (lbf/s). In electrical terms, one watt is the power produced by a current of one ampere flowing through an electric potential of one volt. The name of the unit honors James Watt (1736-1819), the British engineer whose improvements to the steam engine are often credited with igniting the Industrial Revolution. -- QUDT
Watt
Millimoles per square metre per second
The class of units with dimensionality 'AmountPerAreaTime'.
AmountPerAreaTimeUnit
The SI derived unit for amount-of-substance concentration is the mole/cubic meter. -- QUDT
MolePerCubicMetre
Mole per Cubic Metre
1 000 000-fold of the SI derived unit coulomb divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 -- QUDT
Megacoulomb Per Square Metre
The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricDisplacementField'.
ElectricDisplacementFieldUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'AreaPerQuarticTime'.
AreaPerQuarticTimeUnit
Helmholtz energy per unit mass.
SpecificHelmholtzEnergy
Energy per unit mass
SpecificEnergy
Fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology.
This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use.
fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology Note 1 to entry: This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing (3.1.2) and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use.
3DPrinting
1/100 of SI unit of amount of substance per kilogram -- QUDT
Centimole per kilogram
The mean free path may thus be specified either for all interactions, i.e. total mean free path, or for particular types of interaction such as scattering, capture, or ionization.
in a given medium, average distance that particles of a specified type travel between successive interactions of a specified type.
MeanFreePath
Length of a rectifiable curve between two of its points.
PathLength
ArcLength
Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other (from: DIN 8583 Part 3/05.70).
Moulding
Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by uniaxial or multiaxial compressive stress.
lasciano tensioni residue di compressione
CompressiveForming
da una forma non propria ad una forma propria
FromNotProperShapeToWorkPiece
Powder: particles that are usually less than 1 mm in size
process of joining materials to make parts from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing (3.1.29) and formative manufacturing methodologies,
AdditiveManufacturing
GenerativeManufacturing
1 000-fold of the SI derived unit pascal divided by the SI base unit kelvin -- QUDT
Kilopascal Per Kelvin
GigaCoulomb
Superclass for all units prefixed with "giga" (1e9).
GigaPrefixedUnit
One radioactive disintegration per thousand seconds from an SI standard unit of mass of sample. -- QUDT
Millibecquerels per kilogram
The class of units with dimensionality 'PerTimeMass'.
PerTimeMassUnit
quotient of number of acceptor levels and volume.
AcceptorDensity
A group of machineries used to process a group of similar parts.
Is not simply a collection of machineries, since the connection between them is due to the parallel flow of processed parts that comes from a unique source and ends into a common repository.
MachineCell
A system arranged to setup a specific manufacturing process.
ManufacturingSystem
A estimation of a property using a functional icon.
Simulation
Modelling
I calculate the electrical conductivity of an Ar-He plasma with the Chapman-Enskog method and use the value as property for it.
`Square Meter Kelvin` is a unit for 'Area Temperature' expressed as m²-K. -- QUDT
SquareMetreKelvin
Square Metre Kelvin
The class of units with dimensionality 'AreaTemperature'.
AreaTemperatureUnit
A decisiemens is 0.1 S.
DeciSiemens
decisiemens
Superclass for all units prefixed with "deci" (0.1).
DeciPrefixedUnit
The symbol that stands for the sulfur atom.
SulfurSymbol
Fhe force of friction on an object that is not moving.
StaticFrictionForce
StaticFriction
Any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object
Force
An array is a datatype representing an ordered collection of elements (or values) that can be accessed by indexes. Arrays have an analog mathematical counterpart in vectors and matrixes, but are separate concepts. Arrays may be multidimensional.
In the EMMO we use the following JSON based syntax to represent arrays: - mono-dimensional array [v1,v2,...,vn] (vector) - bi-dimensional array [[v1,v2,...,vn],[w1,w2,...,2n]] (matrix) This notation can be extended to multidimensional arrays.
ArrayData
SubClassOf: hasScalarData some ScalarData
SubClassOf: hasSpatialTile some SymbolicData
The structure of an array is expressed mereologically. It consists of a set of equally sized tiles. The tiles of an n-dimensional array are (n-1) dimensional arrays. The tiles of an (n-1)-dimensional array are (n-2) dimensional arrays, and so forth down to 1-dimensional arrays (vectors), whos tiles are scalar data.
The exponential of the ratio of the chemical potential to R*T where R is the gas constant and T the thermodynamic temperature.
AbsoluteActivity
`Mega Hertz per Kelvin` is a unit for 'Inverse Time Temperature' expressed as MHz K⁻¹. -- QUDT
MegaHertzPerKelvin
Mega Hertz per Kelvin
The class of units with dimensionality 'PerTemperatureTime'.
PerTemperatureTimeUnit
SI base unit ampere divided by the 0.0001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre by exponent 2 -- QUDT
AmperePerSquareCentiMetre
Ampere Per Square Centimetre
The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricCurrentDensity'.
ElectricCurrentDensityUnit
TokenData
In nuclear physics, energy imparted per mass.
SpecificEnergyImparted
A process that occurs because of the exercise of the capacity to act of an agent.
Agency
AgentDrivenProcess
ProcessByAgency
A monodimensional arrangement of tiles.
SpatialSequence
Sequence
A causal object which is tessellated with only spatial direct parts.
The definition of an arrangement implies that its spatial direct parts are not gained or lost during its temporal extension (they exist from the left to the right side of the time interval), so that the cardinality of spatial direct parts in an arrangement is constant. This does not mean that there cannot be a change in the internal structure of the arrangement direct parts. It means only that this change must not affect the existence of the direct part itself.
Arrangement
MereologicalState
e.g. the existent in my glass is declared at t = t_start as made of two direct parts: the ice and the water. It will continue to exists as state as long as the ice is completely melt at t = t_end. The new state will be completely made of water. Between t_start and t_end there is an exchange of molecules between the ice and the water, but this does not affect the existence of the two states. If we partition the existent in my glass as ice surrounded by several molecules (we do not use the object water as direct part) then the appearance of a molecule coming from the ice will cause a state to end and another state to begin.
The use of spatial direct parthood in state definition means that an arrangement cannot overlap in space another arrangement that is direct part of the same whole.
SI prefix who's value is 1e-12.
Pico
Angular measure between the positive real axis and the radius of the polar representation of the complex number in the complex plane.
PhaseAngle
Per Kelvin Unit is a denominator unit with dimensions /K. -- QUDT
PerKelvin
Reciprocal Kelvin
The class of units with dimensionality 'PerTemperature'.
PerTemperatureUnit
Measure of the tendency of a substance to leave a phase.
Fugacity
"Square Second" is a unit for 'Square Time' expressed as s². -- QUDT
SquareSecond
Square Second
The class of units with dimensionality 'SquareTime'.
SquareTimeUnit
The symbol that stands for the vanadium atom.
VanadiumSymbol
10-fold of the derived SI unit pascal -- QUDT
Superclass for all units prefixed with "deca" (10).
DecaPrefixedUnit
DekaPrefixedUnit
An interpreter who establish the connection between an icon an an object recognizing their resemblance (e.g. logical, pictorial)
Cogniser
The scientist that connects an equation to a physical phenomenon.
Atom subclass for meitnerium.
MeitneriumAtom
power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 divided by the derived SI unit newton -- QUDT
SquareMetrePerNewton
Square Metre Per Newton
The class of units with dimensionality 'PerPressure'.
PerPressureUnit
FemtoGram
Superclass for all units prefixed with "femto" (1e-15).
FemtoPrefixedUnit
Heat capacity at constant volume.
IsochoricHeatCapacity
HeatCapacityAtConstantVolume
Square Pascal per square second.
SquarePascalPerSquareSecond
The class of units with dimensionality 'SquarePressurePerSquareTime'.
SquarePressurePerSquareTimeUnit
SI prefix who's value is 1e-24.
Yocto
An object that has been designed and manufactured for a particular purpose.
ManufacturedProduct
Artifact
Engineered
TangibleProduct
Car, tire, composite material.
The overall lifetime of an holistic that has been the output of an intentional process.
This concepts encompass the overall lifetime of a product. Is temporaly fundamental, meaning that it can have other products as holistic spatial parts, but its holistic temporal parts are not products. In other words, the individual must encompass the whole lifetime from creation to disposal. A product can be a tangible object (e.g. a manufactured object), a process (e.g. service). It can be the outcome of a natural or an artificially driven process. It must have and initial stage of its life that is also an outcome of a intentional process.
Product
Output
A semiosis where the interpreter perceives a referent, that generates the interpretant as interpreter's internal representation.The interpretant is not commmunicated to the external world, but kept in the internal representational space of the interpreter.
Learning
Atom subclass for uranium.
UraniumAtom
1 000-fold of the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT
Watts per metre.
The class of units with dimensionality 'MassLengthPerCubicTime'.
MassLengthPerCubicTimeUnit
Internal energy per amount of substance.
MolarInternalEnergy
ElectroSinterForging
Sintering is the process of forming a solid mass of material through heat and pressure without melting to the point of liquefaction. This process involves the atoms in materials diffusing across the particle boundaries and fusing together into one piece.
Sintering occurs naturally in mineral deposits, and is used as a manufacturing process for materials including ceramics, metals and plastics. Because the sintering temperature doesn’t reach the materials’ melting point, it is often used for materials with high melting points, such as molybdenum and tungsten.
Sintering
ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy sintering: thermal treatment of a powder or compact, at a temperature below the melting point of the main constituent, for the purpose of increasing its strength by the metallurgical bonding of its particles
ISO/ASTM TR 52906:2022 Additive manufacturing sintering: process of heating a powder metal compact to increase density and/or improve mechanical properties via solid state diffusion
`Joule Meter per Mole` is a unit for 'Length Molar Energy' expressed as J · m · mol⁻¹. -- QUDT
JouleMetrePerMole
Joule Metre per Mole
The class of units with dimensionality 'EnergyLengthPerAmount'.
EnergyLengthPerAmountUnit
A change of temperature on the Kelvin temperature scale in one SI unit of length. -- QUDT
KelvinPerMetre
KelvinPerMeter
The class of units with dimensionality 'TemperaturePerLength'.
TemperaturePerLengthUnit
Laplacian
DifferentialOperator
A quantity value is not necessarily a property, since it is possible to write "10 kg", without assigning this quantity to a specific object.
A symbolic that has parts a numerical object and a reference expressing the value of a quantity (expressed as the product of the numerical and the unit).
Following the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM), EMMO distinguishes between a quantity (a property) and the quantity value (a numerical and a reference). So, for the EMMO the symbol "kg" is not a physical quantity but simply a 'Symbolic' object categorized as a 'MeasurementUnit'. While the string "1 kg" is a 'QuantityValue'.
QuantityValue
6.8 m 0.9 km 8 K 6 MeV 43.5 HRC(150 kg)
quantity value
An experiment is a process that is intended to replicate a physical phenomenon in a controlled environment.
Experiment
A characterisation of an object with an actual interaction.
Observation
Since a string is a simple type that can contain only characters but not other child elements, is often not suitable for representing human text, that may need additional elements for control of aspects such as bidirectional formatting or ruby annotation.
Symbolic data that consist of a sequence of characters.
StringData
EquivalentTo: hasDataValue some xsd:string
Absolute value of the magnetic moment of a nucleus.
The candela per square metre (cd/m²) is the derived SI unit of luminance. The unit is based on the candela, the SI unit of luminous intensity, and the square metre, the SI unit of area. Nit (nt) is a deprecated non-SI name also used for this unit (1 nit = 1 cd/m²). As a measure of light emitted per unit area, this unit is frequently used to specify the brightness of a display device. Most consumer desktop liquid crystal displays have luminances of 200 to 300 cd/m²; the sRGB spec for monitors targets 80 cd/m2. HDTVs range from 450 to about 1000 cd/m2. Typically, calibrated monitors should have a brightness of 120 cd/m². Nit is believed to come from the Latin word nitere, to shine. -- QUDT
CandelaPerSquareMetre
candela per square metre
The class of units with dimensionality 'Luminance'.
LuminanceUnit
`Pascal Second Per Cubic Meter` (Pa-s/m³) is a unit in the category of Acoustic impedance. It is also known as `pascal-second/cubic meter`. It has a dimension of ML⁻⁴T⁻¹ where M is mass, L is length, and T is time. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT
PascalSecondPerCubicMetre
Pascal Second Per Cubic Metre
The class of units with dimensionality 'MassPerQuarticLengthTime'.
MassPerQuarticLengthTimeUnit
The symbol that stands for the tennessine atom.
TennessineSymbol
0.001-fold of the SI derived unit coulomb divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT
Millicoulomb Per Cubic Metre
A degree (in full, a degree of arc, arc degree, or arcdegree), usually denoted by ° (the degree symbol), is a measurement of plane angle, representing 1/360 of a full rotation; one degree is equivalent to 2π /360 rad, 0.017453 rad. It is not an SI unit, as the SI unit for angles is radian, but is an accepted SI unit. -- QUDT
Degree is a measurement of plane angle, defined by representing a full rotation as 360 degrees.
Degree
Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two lengths.
LengthFractionUnit
Unit for plane angle.
LaserCutting
Thermal ablation is the separation of material particles in solid, liquid or gaseous state by heat processes as well as the removal of these material particles by mechanical or electromagnetic forces (from: DIN
ThermalCutting
SI derived unit newton divided by the 0.01-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
NewtonPerCentiMetre
Newton Per Centimetre
The class of units with dimensionality 'ForcePerLength'.
ForcePerLengthUnit
FormingFromPlastic
Base-64 encoding of binary data.
Base64Binary
EquivalentTo: hasDataValue some xsd:base64Binary
Symbolic data that can be represented as a sequence of zeros and ones.
A causally bonded system is a system in which there are at least two causal paths that are interacting.
InteractingSystem
DisjointUnionOf: PhysicalObject, PhysicalPhenomenon
A causal system posessing bonding that can not be representated by a simple Feynman diagram.
GenericPhysicalSystem
DisjointUnionOf: InteractingSystem, ParticlesSystem
A causal multipath system is a system made of causal paths that are not interacting between each others, or possibly merge and fork.
A physically unbounded system is a combination of elementary particles chains tha may include also decays and/or annihilations, without any space-like interaction between elementary particles.
ParticlesSystem
NonInteractingSystem
A data representing 8-bit non-negative integer number, 0...255.
UnsignedByteData
EquivalentTo: hasDataValue some xsd:unsignedByte
Pascal metre per square second.
A rate of change of pressure measured as the number of Pascals in a period of one second. -- QUDT
PascalPerSecond
Pascal per Second
The symbol that stands for the praseodymium atom.
PraseodymiumSymbol
An intentional agency exercised by artificial systems that have internal states that enables adaptive regulation of the agent’s coupling with the environment and metabolic self-maintenance.
ArtificialAgency
The millimetre (International spelling as used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures) or millimeter (American spelling) (SI unit symbol mm) is a unit of length in the metric system, equal to one thousandth of a metre, which is the SI base unit of length. It is equal to 1000 micrometres or 1000000 nanometres. A millimetre is equal to exactly 5/127 (approximately 0.039370) of an inch. -- QUDT
The total luminous flux incident on a surface, per unit area.
Illuminance
Chosen value of amount concentration, usually equal to 1 mol dm−3.
StandardAmountConcentration
StandardConcentration
StandardMolarConcentration
The amount of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture.
AmountConcentration
Concentration
MolarConcentration
Molarity
A coarse dispersion of liquid in a gas continuum phase.
GasLiquidSuspension
Rain, spray.
GasMixture
An heterogeneous mixture that contains coarsly dispersed particles (no Tyndall effect), that generally tend to separate in time to the dispersion medium phase.
Suspensions show no significant effect on light.
Suspension
A unit symbol that belongs to the SI system. Is either a SI base unit or a SI special unit.
SIUnitSymbol
MeasurementUnitByDimensionality
A unit that can be expressed as a product of powers of SI base units with no pre-factor or offset.
Derived units are defined as products of powers of the base units. When the numerical factor of this product is one, the derived units are called coherent derived units. The base and coherent derived units of the SI form a coherent set, designated the set of coherent SI units.
SICoherentUnit
A process can be defined only according to an entity type. The minimum process is an entity made of two entities of different types that are temporally related.
The superclass for causal structure classes whose individuals have some temporal item parts that are not of the same type of the whole.
Process
Occurrent
Perdurant
Practically speaking, the Process class can be populated by primitive subclasses (e.g. Cooking) for each of which holds the axiom that not all the item temporal parts are of the same type of the whole (e.g. breaking an egg, which is not necessarily a cooking process) and there are at least two temporal item parts of different types (e.g. breaking and egg and turning on the stove). The intended usage is not for an individual to belong directly to Process, but to belong to a specific subclass of Process that identifies entities with a specific non-type-persistent structure.
Equivalent To: Behaviour or ConstitutiveProcess or Stage or SubProcess
Following the common definition of process, the reader may think that every entity in the EMMO should be a process, since every 4D entity0 always has a time dimension. However, in the EMMO we restrict the concept of process to items whose temporal parts show a change in type (i.e. every 4D object unfolds in time, but not every 4D time unfolding may be of interest for the ontologist and categorized as a process). The definition of every specific process subclass requires a reference type, that is expressed by some but not all temporal parts.
One part per 10**15 by mass of the measurand in the matrix. -- QUDT
Picograms per kilogram
Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two masses.
MassFractionUnit
Unit for mass fraction.
Metre to the power of six.
SexticMetre
The class of units with dimensionality 'SexticLength'.
SexticLengthUnit
1 000 000 000-fold of the SI derived unit coulomb divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT
Gigacoulomb Per Cubic Metre
`Coulomb Per Kilogram (C/kg)` is the unit in the category of Exposure. It is also known as coulombs per kilogram, coulomb/kilogram. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Coulomb Per Kilogram (C/kg) has a dimension of M⁻¹TI where M is mass, T is time, and I is electric current. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT
Coulomb per Kilogram
The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricChargePerMass'.
ElectricChargePerMassUnit
"Micrometer" is a unit for 'Length' expressed as microm. -- QUDT
MicroMetre
MicroMeter
Microm
Scalar measure of the rotational inertia with respect to a fixed axis of rotation.
MomentOfIntertia
Newton square metre.
NewtonSquareMetre
The class of units with dimensionality 'ForceArea'.
ForceAreaUnit
Gas is a compressible fluid, a state of matter that has no fixed shape and no fixed volume.
Gas
An holistic system of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives.
Organisation
ISO 55000:2014 organization: person or group of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives
0.001-fold of the SI base unit metre divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT
Millimetre Per Second
Process of cutting a workpiece into smaller parts that are either doughter parts, samples (e.g. for testing) or scrap.
Cutting with circular or straight cutting motion, using a multi-toothed tool of small cutting width, the cutting motion being performed by the tool
Sawing
Energy required to move a unit charge through an electric field from a reference point.
The electric potential is not unique, since any constant scalar field quantity can be added to it without changing its gradient.
ElectricPotential
ElectroStaticPotential
0.000000001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT
A semiosis where the interpreter wants to express an interpretant (e.g., an idea, a reasoning, a distant entity) to the rest of the world by the production of a sign. In the intention of the interpreter, the sign should impress another agent with an intended interpretation that should match his one.
Expressing
0.000001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT
Milligram Per Kilogram
Ratio of void volume and total volume of a porous material.
Porosity
Property of a solute in a solution.
StandardAbsoluteActivityOfSolution
StandardAbsoluteActivity
One radioactive disintegration per thousand seconds per 1000th SI unit of sample mass. -- QUDT
Millibecquerels per gram
A law that provides a connection between a material property and other properties of the object.
MaterialLaw
A scientific theory that focuses on a specific phenomena, for which a single statement (not necessariliy in mathematical form) can be expressed.
NaturalLaw
A quantity obtained from a well-defined modelling procedure.
ModelledProperty
In physics, a partition function describes the statistical properties of a system in thermodynamic equilibrium. Partition functions are functions of the thermodynamic state variables, such as the temperature and volume. Most of the aggregate thermodynamic variables of the system, such as the total energy, free energy, entropy, and pressure, can be expressed in terms of the partition function or its derivatives. The partition function is dimensionless.
Sum over quantum states of energy in a system in equilibrium.
CanonicalPartitionFunction
0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit volt -- QUDT
product of the SI derived unit newton and the SI base unit second -- QUDT
NewtonSecond
Newton Second
SI prefix who's value is 1e-21.
Zepto
duration of one cycle of a periodic event
PeriodDuration
Period
Physical quantity for describing the temporal distance between events.
Duration
0.001-fold of the SI derived unit henry divided by the SI derived unit ohm -- QUDT
Millihenry Per Ohm
Quotient of Larmor angular frequency and 2π.
LarmonFrequency
Number of periods per time interval.
Frequency
The Rydberg constant represents the limiting value of the highest wavenumber (the inverse wavelength) of any photon that can be emitted from the hydrogen atom, or, alternatively, the wavenumber of the lowest-energy photon capable of ionizing the hydrogen atom from its ground state.
RybergConstant
Reciprocal of the wavelength.
The number of waves per unit length along the direction of propagation.
Wavenumber
Repetency
Atom subclass for lithium.
LithiumAtom
`Kilogram Kelvin` is a unit for 'Mass Temperature' expressed as kg-K. -- QUDT
Kilogram Kelvin
The class of units with dimensionality 'MassTemperature'.
MassTemperatureUnit
1 000-fold of the SI derived unit joule -- QUDT
SandMolds
FormingFromPowder
The class of units with dimensionality 'LorenzNumber'.
LorenzNumberUnit
0.0001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT
A representation of objects belonging to the chemistry field.
ChemicalRepresentation
Ratio of the mass of water vapour to the mass of dry air in a given volume of air.
The mixing ratio at saturation is denoted xsat.
MixingRatio
MassRatioOfWaterVapourToDryGas
Atom subclass for ytterbium.
YtterbiumAtom
A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances.
Solutions are characterized by the occurrence of Rayleigh scattering on light,
Solution
A material in which distributed particles of one phase are dispersed in a different continuous phase.
Dispersion
A single phase mixture.
PhaseHomogeneousMixture
0,001 fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT
Gram Per Kilogram
The symbol that stands for the americium atom.
AmericiumSymbol
Watt Per Square Meter Per Quartic Kelvin (W/m2·K4) is a unit in the category of light. -- QUDT
WattPerSquareMetreQuarticKelvin
Watt per Square Metre Quartic Kelvin
The class of units with dimensionality 'MassPerCubicTimeQuarticTemperature'.
MassPerCubicTimeQuarticTemperatureUnit
The inverse of length.
ReciprocalLength
Atom subclass for boron.
BoronAtom
0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit volt divided by the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
Millivolt Per Metre
The symbol that stands for the lead atom.
LeadSymbol
Quantity characterizing the variation with thermodynamic temperature T of the volume V of a body, under given conditions.
alpha_V = (1/V) * (dV/dT)
CubicExpansionCoefficient
Gibbs energy per amount of substance.
MolarGibbsEnergy
KiloNewtonSquareMetre
Kilo Newton Square Metre
SI prefix who's value is 1e6.
Mega
Atom subclass for neon.
NeonAtom
Angular frequency divided by angular wavenumber.
PhaseSpeedOfElectromagneticWaves
Length per unit time.
Speed in the absolute value of the velocity.
Speed
"Kilogram Square Meter" is a unit for 'Moment Of Inertia' expressed as kg-m². -- QUDT
Kilogram Square Metre
Dimensionless quantity in electromagnetism.
QualityFactor
Fundamental translation vectors for the reciprocal lattice.
FundamentalReciprocalLatticeVector
The neper is a logarithmic unit for ratios of measurements of physical field and power quantities, such as gain and loss of electronic signals. It has the unit symbol Np. The unit's name is derived from the name of John Napier, the inventor of logarithms. As is the case for the decibel and bel, the neper is not a unit in the International System of Units (SI), but it is accepted for use alongside the SI. Like the decibel, the neper is a unit in a logarithmic scale. While the bel uses the decadic (base-10) logarithm to compute ratios, the neper uses the natural logarithm, based on Euler's number -- QUDT
Unit of measurement for quantities of type level or level difference, which are defined as the natural logarithm of the ratio of power- or field-type quantities. The value of a ratio in nepers is given by `ln(x1/x2)` where `x1` and `x2` are the values of interest (amplitudes), and ln is the natural logarithm. When the values are quadratic in the amplitude (e.g. power), they are first linearised by taking the square root before the logarithm is taken, or equivalently the result is halved. Wikipedia
Neper
Atom subclass for xenon.
XenonAtom
Per Nanometer Unit is a denominator unit with dimensions /nm. -- QUDT
PerNanoMetre
ReciprocalNanoMetre
The `femtometre` is an SI unit of length equal to 10⁻¹⁵ meter. This distance can also be called `fermi` and was so named in honour of Enrico Fermi. It is often encountered in nuclear physics as a characteristic of this scale. The symbol for the fermi is also fm. -- QUDT
Kelvin metre.
The class of units with dimensionality 'LengthTemperature'.
LengthTemperatureUnit
One-dimensional subspace of space-time, which is locally orthogonal to space.
The indefinite continued progress of existence and events that occur in apparently irreversible succession from the past through the present to the future.
Time can be seen as the duration of an event or, more operationally, as "what clocks read".
Time
product of the 1 000 000 000-fold of the SI derived unit hertz and the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
Gigahertz Metre
The entity (or agent, or observer, or cognitive entity) who connects 'Sign', 'Interpretant' and 'Object'.
The interpreter is not the ontologist, being the ontologist acting outside the ontology at the meta-ontology level. On the contrary, the interpreter is an agent recognized by the ontologist. The semiotic branch of the EMMO is the tool used by the ontologist to represent an interpreter's semiotic activity.
Interpreter
For example, the ontologist may be interest in cataloguing in the EMMO how the same object (e.g. a cat) is addressed using different signs (e.g. cat, gatto, chat) by different interpreters (e.g. english, italian or french people). The same applies for the results of measurements: the ontologist may be interest to represent in the EMMO how different measurement processes (i.e. semiosis) lead to different quantitative results (i.e. signs) according to different measurement devices (i.e. interpreters).
EquivalentTo. Cogniser or Declarer or Deducer
Mean duration required for the decay of one half of the atoms or nuclei.
HalfLife
Decisiemens per metre. -- QUDT
decisiemens per metre
Atom subclass for tennessine.
TennessineAtom
volume ratio consisting of the 0.000 001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT
CubicCentiMetrePerCubicCentiMetre
Cubic Centimetre Per Cubic Centimetre
Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two volumes.
VolumeFractionUnit
Unit for volume fraction.
PaperManufacturing
FormingFromChip
An icon that focus on WHERE/WHEN the object is, in the sense of spatial or temporal shape.
An icon that mimics the spatial or temporal shape of the object.
ResemblanceIcon
A geographical map that imitates the shape of the landscape and its properties at a specific historical time.
The subclass of icon inspired by Peirceian category a) the image, which depends on a simple quality (e.g. picture).
A standalone atom with an unbalanced number of electrons with respect to its atomic number.
The ion_atom is the basic part of a pure ionic bonded compound i.e. without eclectron sharing,
IonAtom
A standalone atom can be bonded with other atoms by intermolecular forces (i.e. dipole–dipole, London dispersion force, hydrogen bonding), since this bonds does not involve electron sharing.
An atom that does not share electrons with other atoms.
StandaloneAtom
The class of units with dimensionality 'Volume'.
VolumeUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'FrequencyPerAreaTime'.
FrequencyPerAreaTimeUnit
0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit becquerel -- QUDT
A unit that belongs to one or more unit systems.
SystemUnit
The symbol that stands for the fluorine atom.
FluorineSymbol
SI derived unit volt divided by the 0.001-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
Volt Per Millimetre
A measurement result generally contains “relevant information” about the set of measured quantity properties, such that some may be more representative of the measured quantity than others. This may be expressed in the form of a probability density function (pdf).
Result of a measurement. A set of quantites being attributed to a measurand (measured quantitative property) together with any other available relevant information, like measurement uncertainty. -- VIM
MeasurementResult
measurement result
A measurement result has the measured quantity, measurement uncertainty and other relevant attributes as holistic parts.
Per metre and second.
PerMetreSecond
ReciprocalMetreSecond
The class of units with dimensionality 'PerLengthTime'.
PerLengthTimeUnit
A coarse dispersion of liquid in a solid continuum phase.
SolidLiquidSuspension
SolidMixture
A quantum is the EMMO mereological atomistic and causal reductionistic entity. To avoid confusion with the concept of atom coming from physics and to underline the causal reductionistic approach, we will use the expression quantum mereology, instead of atomistic mereology.
A quantum is the most fundamental item of the EMMO (both mereologically and causally) and is considered causally self-connected by definition. The quantum concept recalls the fact that there is lower epistemological limit to our knowledge of the universe, related to the uncertainity principle. In the EMMO, space and time emerge following the network of causal connections between quantum objects. So quantum objects are adimensional objects, that precede space and time dimensions: they are simple beings (in greek οντα). Using physics concepts, we can think the quantum as an elementary particle (e.g. an electron) in a specific state between two causal interactions. A quantum stands for an incoming or outcoming real particle in a Feynman diagram.
Q(x) ≡ ¬∃y(PP(y,x))
The class of the mereological and causal fundamental entities having no proper parts
Quantum
RealParticle
From a physics perspective a quantum can be related to smallest identifiable entities, according to the limits imposed by the uncertainty principle in space and time measurements. However, the quantum mereotopology approach is not restricted only to physics. For example, in a manpower management ontology, a quantum can stand for an hour (time) of a worker (space) activity.
ContinuousCasting
"Hertz per Tesla" is a unit for 'Electric Charge Per Mass' expressed as Hz T⁻¹. -- QUDT
HertzPerTesla
Hertz per Tesla
The symbol that stands for the magnesium atom.
MagnesiumSymbol
Inverse of the reluctance.
Permeance
Atom subclass for roentgenium.
RoentgeniumAtom
0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit henry divided by the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
Microhenry Per Metre
Atom subclass for nobelium.
NobeliumAtom
Atom subclass for thorium.
ThoriumAtom
mass ratio consisting of the 0.001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the 0.001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram. -- QUDT
GramPerGram
Gram Per Gram
Kilogram per cubic metre is an SI derived unit of density, defined by mass in kilograms divided by volume in cubic metres. The official SI symbolic abbreviation is kg . m⁻³, or equivalently either kg/m³. -- QUDT
Kilogram per Cubic Metre
SI unit for energy.
The SI unit of work or energy, defined to be the work done by a force of one newton acting to move an object through a distance of one meter in the direction in which the force is applied. Equivalently, since kinetic energy is one half the mass times the square of the velocity, one joule is the kinetic energy of a mass of two kilograms moving at a velocity of 1 m/s. -- QUDT
Joule
Atom subclass for actinium.
ActiniumAtom
Factor by which the phase velocity of light is reduced in a medium.
RefractiveIndex
The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Avogadro_constant) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity.
The number of constituent particles, usually atoms or molecules, that are contained in the amount of substance given by one mole. It defines the base unit mole in the SI system.
AvogadroConstant
A zero-manifold of only one point.
Point
A topological space with the property that each point has a neighborhood that is homeomorphic to an open subset of 0-dimensional Euclidean space.
ZeroManifold
0-manifold
A 'Semiosis' that involves an 'Observer' that perceives another 'Physical' (the 'Object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'Property' (the 'Sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception according to a well defined conventional procedure.
Determination
Characterisation
Assigning the word "red" as sign for an object provides an information to all other interpreters about the outcome of a specific observation procedure according to the determiner.
Kilogram per Square Second
The class of units with dimensionality 'MagneticReluctance'.
MagneticReluctanceUnit
The name “thermal resistance” and the symbol R are used in building technology to designate thermal insulance.
Thermodynamic temperature difference divided by heat flow rate.
ThermalResistance
Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per neutron absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified.
NeutronYieldPerAbsorption
A pure number, typically the number of something.
According to the SI brochure counting does not automatically qualify a quantity as an amount of substance. This quantity is used only to describe the outcome of a counting process, without regard of the type of entities. There are also some quantities that cannot be described in terms of the seven base quantities of the SI, but have the nature of a count. Examples are a number of molecules, a number of cellular or biomolecular entities (for example copies of a particular nucleic acid sequence), or degeneracy in quantum mechanics. Counting quantities are also quantities with the associated unit one.
PureNumberQuantity
1, i, π, the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
Radian per metre.
RadianPerMetre
A data representing 32-bit integer number.
IntData
Square metre and quartic Hertz.
Derived unit for the product of the temperature in degrees Celsius and the mass density of a medium, integrated over vertical depth or height in metres. -- QUDT
Degrees Celsius kilogram per square metre
The class of units with dimensionality 'TemperatureMassPerArea'.
TemperatureMassPerAreaUnit
A meson with total spin 1 and even parity.
PseudovectorMeson
Square metre per Joule.
SquareMetrePerJoule
The class of units with dimensionality 'SquareTimePerMass'.
SquareTimePerMassUnit
Kelvin metre per second.
The class of units with dimensionality 'TemperatureLengthPerTime'.
TemperatureLengthPerTimeUnit
The symbol that stands for the cadmium atom.
CadmiumSymbol
A 'Sign' can have temporal-direct-parts which are 'Sign' themselves. A 'Sign' usually havs 'sign' spatial direct parts only up to a certain elementary semiotic level, in which the part is only a 'Physical' and no more a 'Sign' (i.e. it stands for nothing). This elementary semiotic level is peculiar to each particular system of signs (e.g. text, painting). Just like an 'Elementary' in the 'Physical' branch, each 'Sign' branch should have an a-tomistic mereological part.
An 'Physical' that is used as sign ("semeion" in greek) that stands for another 'Physical' through an semiotic process.
Sign
A novel is made of chapters, paragraphs, sentences, words and characters (in a direct parthood mereological hierarchy). Each of them are 'sign'-s. A character can be the a-tomistic 'sign' for the class of texts. The horizontal segment in the character "A" is direct part of "A" but it is not a 'sign' itself. For plain text we can propose the ASCII symbols, for math the fundamental math symbols.
EquivalentTo: Index or Conventional or Icon
According to Peirce, 'Sign' includes three subcategories: - symbols: that stand for an object through convention - indeces: that stand for an object due to causal continguity - icons: that stand for an object due to similitudes e.g. in shape or composition
0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit joule -- QUDT
MicroJoule
Micro Joule
The velocity depends on the choice of the reference frame. Proper transformation between frames must be used: Galilean for non-relativistic description, Lorentzian for relativistic description. -- IEC, note 2
The velocity is related to a point described by its position vector. The point may localize a particle, or be attached to any other object such as a body or a wave. -- IEC, note 1
Vector quantity giving the rate of change of a position vector. -- ISO 80000-3
Velocity
1-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are numbers.
Vector
1DArray
`Ampere per gram` is a practical unit to describe an (applied) current relative to the involved amount of material. This unit is often found in electrochemistry to standardize test conditions and compare various scales of investigated materials. -- QUDT
AmperePerGram
Ampere per Gram
Inverse of the impendance.
Admittance
ComplexAdmittance
The rest mass of a proton.
ProtonMass
Quotient of the initial kinetic energy Ek of an ionizing charged particle and the total ionization Ni produced by that particle.
AverageEnergyLossPerElementaryChargeProduced
MetallicPowderSintering
Screwing (screwing on, screwing in, screwing tight) is joining by pressing on by means of a self-locking thread (from: DIN 8593 Part 3/09.85).
Screwing
A collective term for the processes in which, during joining, the parts to be joined and any auxiliary parts are essentially only elastically deformed and unintentional loosening is prevented by frictional connection.
Pressing
Atom subclass for selenium.
SeleniumAtom
Quotient of the mass of water vapour in moist gas by the total gas volume.
The mass concentration of water at saturation is denoted vsat.
MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour
Mass of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture.
In condensed matter physics, quotient of momentum and the reduced Planck constant.
AngularWaveNumber
Fraction is a unit for 'Dimensionless Ratio' expressed as the value of the ratio itself. -- QUDT
Fraction
0.000001-fold of the product out of the derived SI newton and the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
MicroNewtonMetre
Micronewton Metre
Kilogram Square Second
The class of units with dimensionality 'MassSquareTime'.
MassSquareTimeUnit
Square root of the product of electron and hole density in a semiconductor.
IntrinsicCarrierDensity
ConcreteOrPlasterPouring
FormingFromPulp
Atom subclass for dubnium.
DubniumAtom
0.001-fold of the product of the SI derived unit pascal and the SI base unit second -- QUDT
Millipascal Second
The class of units with dimensionality 'MassPerLengthTime'.
MassPerLengthTimeUnit
Metric prefix defined in the SI system.
SIPrefix
Dimensionless multiplicative unit prefix.
MetricPrefix
A symbolic data representing a 64-bit floating point numbers incl. ±Inf, ±0, NaN.
DoubleData
EquivalentTo: hasDataValue some xsd:double
0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit Siemens divided by the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
MicroSiemensPerMetre
Microsiemens Per Metre
A causal system provides the most general concept of system, being a union of causal structures interacting together. In its most simple form, a causal system is an interlacement of causal paths (the most simple structure type). A causal system is always a spatial-like structure, and is represented as a multiple topologically orderable direct acyclic graph, with quanta as nodes and causality relations as edges.
The class of individuals representing a causal system.
CausalSystem
A electron binded by a nucleus.
DisjointUnionOf: FundamentalPhysicalSystem, GenericPhysicalSystem
A causal object whose properties variation are encoded by an agent and that can be decoded by another agent according to a specific rule.
EncodedData is the class where inventions that don't actually exist would be placed. For example, the blueprint of a bridge is an encoded data. When the bridge will be built, than the blueprint will also be a semiotical entity. Another example is Superman, that exists only as a set of magazines, drawings, novels, movies, but not in the real world.
Data
EncodedContrast
EncodedData
A Radio Morse Code transmission can be addressed by combination of perspectives. Physicalistic: the electromagnetic pulses can be defined as individual A (of type Field) and the strip of paper coming out a printer receiver can be defined as individual B (of type Matter). Data: both A and B are also DiscreteData class individuals. In particular they may belong to a MorseData class, subclass of DiscreteData. Perceptual: B is an individual belonging to the graphical entities expressing symbols. In particular is a formula under the MorseLanguage class, made of a combination of . and - symbols. Semiotics: A and B can be signs if they refers to something else (e.g. a report about a fact, names).
A signal through a cable. A sound wave. Words on a page. The pattern of excited states within a computer RAM.
Variations in data are generated by an agent (not necessarily human) and are intended to be decoded by the same or another agent using the same encoding rules. Data are always generated by an agent but not necessarily possess a semantic meaning, either because it's lost or unknown or because simply they possess none (e.g. a random generation of symbols). A data object may be used as the physical basis for a sign, under Semiotics perspective.
We call "decoding" the act of recognise the variation according to a particular rule and generate another equivalent schema (e.g. in the agent's cognitive apparatus, as another form of data). We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is covered by the semiotic perspective.
A data is a causal object whose variations (non-uniformity) can be recognised and eventually interpreted. A data can be of different physical types (e.g., matter, wave, atomic excited states). How the variations are recognised and eventually decoded depends on the interpreting rules that characterise that type of data. Variations are pure physical variations and do not necessarily possess semantic meaning.
A perspective in which entities are represented according to the variation of their properties.
Contrast
Luciano Floridi, "Information - A very Short Introduction", Oxford University Press., (2010) ISBN 978-0199551378
Dedomena
Pattern
The covering axiom that defines the data class discriminates within all the possible causal objects between encoded or non encoded.
A non encoded contrast (e.g. a temperature variation) can be represented by data that describes (e.g. the string "today it's warmer than yesterday") or quantifies (e.g. Monday 28 °C, Tuesday 30 °C) it through a semiotic process.
Contrast that occurs naturally without an encoding agent producing it.
NonEncodedContrast
EnvironmentalData
A cloud in the sky. The radiative spectrum of a star.
This is a really broad class that gathers all physical phenomena in which a contrast occurs naturally, such as cloud patterns, tree rings, stains. It doesn't mean that such contrasts cannot be used to deduce something: in fact they can be seen as indexes (in semiotic sense) of a causally connected phenomena. Simply, there is no agent behind that contrast with the intention to transmit data.
0.000 001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the SI base unit mol -- QUDT
CubicCentiMetrePerMole
Cubic Centimetre Per Mole
The class of units with dimensionality 'VolumePerAmount'.
VolumePerAmountUnit
The class of causal objects that stand for world objects according to a specific representational perspective.
This class is the practical implementation of the EMMO pluralistic approach for which the only objective categorization is provided by the Universe individual and all the Quantum individuals. Between these two extremes, there are several subjective ways to categorize real world objects, each one provide under a 'Perspective' subclass.
Perspective
For charged particles of a given type and energy E0 the differential quotient of E with respect to x, where E is the mean energy lost by the charged particles in traversing a distance x in the given material.
TotalLinearStoppingPower
LinearStoppingPower
Rate of change of the phase angle.
AngularFrequency
product out of the SI derived unit pascal and the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT
PascalCubicMetrePerSecond
Pascal Cubic Metre Per Second
Atom subclass for zirconium.
ZirconiumAtom
The SI derived unit of angular momentum. -- QUDT
NewtonMetreSecond
Newton Metre Second
Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by shear stress.
ShearForming
An electron volt (eV) is the energy that an electron gains when it travels through a potential of one volt. You can imagine that the electron starts at the negative plate of a parallel plate capacitor and accelerates to the positive plate, which is at one volt higher potential. Numerically 1 eV approximates 1.6x10⁻¹⁹ joules, where 1 joule is 6.2x10¹⁸ eV. For example, it would take 6.2x10²⁰ eV/sec to light a 100 watt light bulb. -- QUDT
The amount of energy gained (or lost) by the charge of a single electron moving across an electric potential difference of one volt.
ElectronVolt
A composite physical object is made of bonded objects (i.e. characterised by their quantum states using a Schrodinger equation approach) that are connected together by elementary particles travelling between them. These elemenentary particles are real particles, describing the existance of a classical field (e.g. Coulomb potential between charged particles).
The class of physical objects possessing a structure that is larger than a single composite particle, for which its bosonic or fermionic nature is undetermined.
CompositePhysicalObject
PhysicalObjectByBond
"... in the 'classical' picture ordinary matter is made of atoms, in which electrons are held in orbit around a nucleus of protons and neutrons by the electrical attraction of opposite charges. We can now give this model a more sophisticated formulation by attributing the binding force to the exchange of photons between the electrons and the protons in the nucleus. However, for the purposes of atomic physics this is overkill, for in this context quantization of the electromagnetic field produces only minute effects (notably the Lamb shift and the anomalous magnetic moment of the electron). To excellent approximation we can pretend that the forces are given by Coulomb's law (together with various magnetic dipole couplings). The point is that in a bound state enormous numbers of photons are continually streaming back and forth, so that the "lumpiness" of the field is effectively smoothed out, and classical electrodynamics is a suitable approximation to the truth. But in most elementary particle processes, such as the photoelectric effect or Compton scattering, individual photons are involved, and quantization can no longer be ignored." D. Griffiths, "Introduction to elementary Particles", Wiley-VCH, 2004, pp.16-17
A bonded object is a sequence of fundamental interactions that can be described approximatively by Schrodinger formulation. A bonded object is typically characterised by having quantum states (e.g. electron states in an atom, energy levels of a molecule). Furthermore, a bonded object is made of elementary particles that travels from the beginning to the end of the entity (i.e. a bonded object doesn't change its components).
BondedObject
IUPACNomencalture
Magnitude of the magnetic moment of an electron in a state with orbital angular momentum quantum number l=1 due to its orbital motion.
The class of units with dimensionality 'ThermalConductance'.
ThermalConductanceUnit
Olfactory
1 000-fold of the SI derived unit ohm -- QUDT
The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricResistance'.
ElectricResistanceUnit
"Mega Hertz per Tesla" is a unit for 'Electric Charge Per Mass' expressed as MHz T⁻¹. -- QUDT
MegaHertzPerTesla
Mega Hertz per Tesla
Measure of the extent and direction an object rotates about a reference point.
AngularMomentum
A constituent of a system.
Component
SubClassOf: inverse (hasConstituent) some HolisticSystem
An object which is an holistic spatial part of a object.
Constituent
ObjectPart
A tire is a constituent of a car.
The SI unit of specific acoustic impedance. When sound waves pass through any physical substance the pressure of the waves causes the particles of the substance to move. The sound specific impedance is the ratio between the sound pressure and the particle velocity it produces. The specific impedance is 1 N · s · m⁻³ if unit pressure produces unit velocity. -- QUDT
NewtonSecondPerCubicMetre
Newton second per Cubic Metre
The class of units with dimensionality 'MassFlux'.
MassFluxUnit
Discrete quantity; number of entities of a given kind in a system.
NumberOfEntities
The symbol that stands for the uranium atom.
UraniumSymbol
Atom subclass for strontium.
StrontiumAtom
Under periodic conditions, ratio of the absolute value of the active power P to the apparent power S.
PowerFactor
Differential quotient of N with respect to a, where N is the number of particles incident on a sphere of cross-sectional area a.
ParticleFluence
Painting
A manufacturing in which an adherent layer of amorphous material is applied to a workpiece.
CoatingManufacturing
Beschichten
Per Second Steradian Unit is a denominator unit with dimensions /sec-sr. -- QUDT
PerSecondSteradian
ReciprocalSecondSteradian
A liquid solution in which the solvent is water.
AqueousSolution
A liquid solution made of two or more component substances.
LiquidSolution
Square metre per steradian and Joule.
SquareMetrePerSteradianJoule
Farad Per Meter (F/m) is a unit in the category of Electric permittivity. It is also known as farad/meter. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Farad Per Meter has a dimension of M-1L-3T4I2 where M is mass, L is length, T is time, and I is electric current. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT
FaradPerMetre
Farad per Metre
Cubic metre per Kelvin.
CubicMetrePerKelvin
The class of units with dimensionality 'VolumePerTemperature'.
VolumePerTemperatureUnit
Mass per unit area.
AreaDensity
Matter composed of only matter particles, excluding anti-matter particles.
OrdinaryMatter
A composite physical object made of fermions (i.e. having mass and occupying space).
Substance
Disjoint Union Of: MesoscopicSubstance, ContinuumSubstance
A variable is a symbolic object that stands for any other mathematical object, such as number, a vector, a matrix, a function, the argument of a function, a set, an element of a set.
Variable
x k
ChemicalName
mass ratio as 0.000000001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT
Microgram Per Kilogram
A 'Mathematical' entity that is made of a 'Numeral' and a 'MeasurementUnit' defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective. Measurement is done according to the same model.
In the same system of quantities, dim ρB = ML−3 is the quantity dimension of mass concentration of component B, and ML−3 is also the quantity dimension of mass density, ρ. ISO 80000-1
Measured or simulated 'physical propertiy'-s are always defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective and measurement is done according to the same model. Systems of units suggests that this is the correct approach, since except for the fundamental units (length, time, charge) every other unit is derived by mathematical relations between these fundamental units, implying a physical laws or definitions.
Measurement units of quantities of the same quantity dimension may be designated by the same name and symbol even when the quantities are not of the same kind. For example, joule per kelvin and J/K are respectively the name and symbol of both a measurement unit of heat capacity and a measurement unit of entropy, which are generally not considered to be quantities of the same kind. However, in some cases special measurement unit names are restricted to be used with quantities of specific kind only. For example, the measurement unit ‘second to the power minus one’ (1/s) is called hertz (Hz) when used for frequencies and becquerel (Bq) when used for activities of radionuclides. As another example, the joule (J) is used as a unit of energy, but never as a unit of moment of force, i.e. the newton metre (N · m).
— quantities of the same kind have the same quantity dimension, — quantities of different quantity dimensions are always of different kinds, and — quantities having the same quantity dimension are not necessarily of the same kind. ISO 80000-1
PhysicalQuantity
DisjointUnionOf: DerivedQuantity, BaseQuantity
QuantityByPhysical
A role entity is categorized according to its relation with the whole, i.e. how it contribute to make a specific whole, and not as standalone entity. This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its relation with the surrounding whole (being a part implies being surrounded by something bigger to which it contributes). For example. a human being is a stand alone type, but an instance of a human being can also be an instance of the type student (intended as a role) if it plays a part into a school environment (i.e., a student entity can exist only if it is part of a surrounding whole: the school). The role type requires that also the whole type depends on the existence of parts of a specific type (e.g., there is no school without students).
An entity that is categorized according to its relation with a whole through a parthood relation and that contributes to it according to an holistic criterion, where the type of the whole is not the type of the part.
Role
HolisticPart
Part
A coded that has been observed by an interpreter.
Observed
The biography of a person met by the author.
A unit that is the 0.000001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the SI base unit mol multiplied by the SI base unit second. -- QUDT
CubicCentiMetrePerMoleSecond
Cubic centimeter per mole second
The class of units with dimensionality 'VolumePerAmountTime'.
VolumePerAmountTimeUnit
A procedure that has at least two procedures (tasks) as proper parts.
Workflow
An 'equation' that stands for a 'physical_law' by mathematically defining the relations between physics_quantities.
PhysicsEquation
The Newton's equation of motion. The Schrödinger equation. The Navier-Stokes equation.
The symbol that stands for the rhodium atom.
RhodiumSymbol
Derivative of velocity with respect to time.
Acceleration
Number dN of spontaneous nuclear transitions or nuclear disintegrations for a radionuclide of amount N produced during a short time interval dt, divided by this time interval.
Activity
Quotient of a quantity by a duration.
Rate
Activity Specific absorption rate (SAR) Rate of rise Sampling rate Modulation rate Fading rate Rain rate
"Arc Second" is a unit of angular measure, also called the `second of arc`, equal to 1/60 arcminute. One arcsecond is a very small angle: there are 1,296,000 in a circle. The SI recommends `double prime` ('') as the symbol for the arcsecond. The symbol has become common in astronomy, where very small angles are stated in milliarcseconds (mas). -- QUDT
Arcsecond
ArcSecond
SecondOfArc
A meson with total spin 1 and odd parity.
VectorMeson
1 000 000 000-fold of the derived SI unit becquerel -- QUDT
In nuclear physics, time derivative of the energy fluence.
EnergyFluenceRate
Scalar quantity equal to the line integral of the magnetic field strength H along a specified path linking two points a and b.
MagneticTension
A quantity whos value that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community).
SubjectiveProperty
The measure of beauty on a scale from 1 to 10.
A coded conventional that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community) acting as black-box.
The word subjective applies to property intrisically subjective or non-well defined. In general, when an black-box-like procedure is used for the definition of the property. This happens due to e.g. the complexity of the object, the lack of a underlying model for the representation of the object, the non-well specified meaning of the property symbols. A 'SubjectiveProperty' cannot be used to univocally compare 'Object'-s. e.g. you cannot evaluate the beauty of a person on objective basis.
Subjective
The beauty of that girl. The style of your clothing.
Quantity in condensed matter physics.
EnergyDensityOfStates
quotient of the number of vibrational modes in an infinitesimal interval of angular frequency, and the product of the width of that interval and volume
DensityOfVibrationalStates
Decrease in magnitude of any kind of flux through a medium.
Attenuation
Extinction
`Degree Celsius Centimeter` is a C.G.S System unit for 'Length Temperature' expressed as cm-degC. -- QUDT
Degree Celsius Centimetre
Amount of heat through a surface during a time interval divided by the duration of this interval.
HeatFlowRate
Rate of transfer of energy per unit time.
Power
At a fixed point in a medium, the direction of propagation of heat is opposite to the temperature gradient. At a point on the surface separating two media with different temperatures, the direction of propagation of heat is normal to the surface, from higher to lower temperatures.
Vector quantity with magnitude equal to the heat flow rate dΦ through a surface element divided by the area dA of the element, and direction eφ in the direction of propagation of heat.
DensityOfHeatFlowRate
AreicHeatFlowRate
ArithmeticEquation
An equation with variables can always be represented as: f(v0, v1, ..., vn) = g(v0, v1, ..., vn) where f is the left hand and g the right hand side expressions and v0, v1, ..., vn are the variables.
The class of 'mathematical'-s that stand for a statement of equality between two mathematical expressions.
Equation
2+3 = 5 x^2 +3x = 5x dv/dt = a sin(x) = y
A standalone simulation, where a single physics equation is solved.
StandaloneModelSimulation
A simulation that relies on physics based models, according to the Review of Materials Modelling and CWA 17284:2018.
PhysicsBasedSimulation
Speed with which the envelope of a wave propagates in space.
GroupVelocity
GroupSpeed
0,01-fold of the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT
Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity.
Measure of a material's ability to conduct an electric current.
ElectricConductivity
0.000000000001-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
The symbol that stands for the ruthenium atom.
RutheniumSymbol
Pascal metre per second.
The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricCurrentPerEnergy'.
ElectricCurrentPerEnergyUnit
Atom subclass for calcium.
CalciumAtom
Sum of the slowing-down area from fission energy to thermal energy and the diffusion area for thermal neutrons.
MigrationArea
Square metre per volt second.
SquareMetrePerVoltSecond
The class of units with dimensionality 'SquareLengthPerVoltageTime'.
SquareLengthPerVoltageTimeUnit
The symbol that stands for the mercury atom.
MercurySymbol
A direct part that only is the target, but not the source of temporal relations.
EndTile
SI unit of quantity of matter per SI unit volume per SI unit of time. -- QUDT
Moles per cubic metre per second
The class of units with dimensionality 'AmountPerVolumeTime'.
AmountPerVolumeTimeUnit
Micro metres measured per Newton -- QUDT
MicroMetrePerNewton
Micro metre per Newton
Gravitational field strength at a point is the gravitational force per unit mass at that point. It is a vector and its S.I. unit is N kg-1. -- QUDT
Newton per Kilogram
Mechanical property of linear elastic solid materials.
ModulusOfElasticity
YoungsModulus
0,000 000 000 000 000 001-fold of the SI derived unit farad -- QUDT
Superclass for all units prefixed with "atto" (1e-18).
AttoPrefixedUnit
Fundamental translation vector for the crystal lattice.
FundamentalLatticeVector
The power per unit area of radiation of a given wavenumber illuminating a target at a given incident angle. -- QUDT
Watts metre per square metre steradian
Per Tesla Meter Unit is a denominator unit with dimensions /m .· T. -- QUDT
PerTeslaMetre
ReciprocalTeslaMetre.
The class of units with dimensionality 'MagneticReluctivity'.
MagneticReluctivityUnit
Quantity equal to the volume dV of substance crossing a given surface during a time interval with infinitesimal duration dt, divided by this duration, thus qV = dV / dt-
VolumeFlowRate
VolumetricFlowRate
For an ideal gas, isentropic exponent is equal to ratio of the specific heat capacities.
IsentropicExponent
In an infinite medium, the probability that a neutron slowing down will traverse all or some specified portion of the range of resonance energies without being absorbed.
ResonanceEscapeProbability
Probability is a dimensionless quantity that can attain values between 0 and 1; zero denotes the impossible event and 1 denotes a certain event.
The propability for a certain outcome, is the ratio between the number of events leading to the given outcome and the total number of events.
Probability
Minus
ArithmeticOperator
Per millisecond.
PerMilliSecond
ReciprocalMilliSecond
"HectoCoulomb" is a unit for 'Electric Charge' expressed as hC. -- QUDT
HectoCoulomb
Superclass for all units prefixed with "hecto" (100).
HectoPrefixedUnit
A 'Process', that has participant an 'Interpreter', that is aimed to produce a 'Sign' representing another participant, the 'Object'.
Semiosis
Me looking a cat and saying loud: "Cat!" -> the semiosis process me -> interpreter cat -> object (in Peirce semiotics) the cat perceived by my mind -> interpretant "Cat!" -> sign, the produced sign
EquivalentTo: Deduction or Declaration or Cognition
EquivalentTo: FullSemiosis or PartialSemiosis
A participant that is the driver of a process.
An agent is not necessarily human. In fact, the concept of agent has been generalised to encompass both intentional and unintentional acts primarily to take into account usage of the term in chemistry (e.g., chemical agent that intiitate a reaction), inline also with the most recent development in the philosophical debate.
Agent
The agent concept identifies the parts of a process that are also its drivers. An agent part has an active role with respect to any other generic part, meaning that is involved in the causal chain that characterize the process. An agent is a participant, meaning that is qualifiable as an object. As for all holistic relations, there is a level of subjectivity in drawing whole-role relations, so that the identification of an agent within a process is not fully axiomatizable. What is axiomatically expressible is that an agent requires to be part of a process (i.e., an agent exists only within a process) but a process may not require an agent to exist (qualified role). Agentless processes may have a distributed causality chain so that the agency is exerted collectively and there is no motivation to draw an holistic connection between the whole and some parts. For example, the breaking of a nail can be caused by an agent such as an hammer, or by the rusting process which is not a participant as required by the agent definition. This concept covers both intentional and non intentional agency.
A catalyst. A bus driver. A substance that is initiating a reaction that would not occur without its presence.
1 000 000 000 000 000 000-fold of the derived SI unit joule -- QUDT
Superclass for all units prefixed with "exa" (1e18).
ExaPrefixedUnit
A measure of time defined as 86 400 seconds.
Mean solar day -- QUDT
Day
A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of electrons.
ElectronicModel
Density functional theory. Hartree-Fock.
'acoustical' refers to the perception mechanism of the observer that can occur through a microphone, an ear.
A 'Perceptual' which stands for a real world object whose spatiotemporal pattern makes it identifiable by an observer as a sound.
Auditory
Sound
When we use the term 'sound' what are we referring to? The EMMO identifies a sound as the physical object that can be heard by the observer (more exactly, by the sensor of the observer). In this sense, a sound (which is an acoustical object) is to be identified as the air region that manifests the sound wave and is able to be perceived by an observer. In case the wave is travelling through water or steel, then these other media regions are the sounds. If the waveform is travelling through a cable as electronic signal (analog or digital) it is no more a sound, since it cannot be perceived by an observer as an acoustical object. This electrical waveform (or digital packet) is another physical that may stand for a sound if interpreted by a device (e.g. an amplifier, a DA converter).
The class contrast individuals standing for entities that can stimulate a perception (e.g. a retina impression) to a human being and that are categorized accordingly to human perception mechanisms.
This class is the most general superclass for the categorization of contrasts that are perceivable through a specific human-related perception mechanism. This perspective is based on human characterization of perceptions. A 'Perceptual' can stand for another object in an EMMO described semiotic process (acting as sign or as object), just like a word on a paper (the perceptual object) may refer semiotically to another object. However, a perceptual is not necessarily a 'Sign' (e.g. a line sketched on a blackboard is a recognizable 'Perceptual' but it may stand for nothing). A 'Perceptual' becomes a semiotic object, when it is part of a 'Semiotic' process described by the ontologist within the EMMO, and it's done always specifying for which interpreter this relation occurs.
Perceptual
A line scratched on a surface. A sound. A smell. The word 'cat' and the sound of the word 'cat' (the first one is graphical and the second acoustical).
The meta-semiotic process: I see a cloud in the sky. Since I'm an EMMO ontologist, I create an individual named Cloud under the 'Perceptual' class, meaning that I recognize the cloud as an object thanks to a specific perceptual channel (e.g. through my eyes). This semiotic process occurs at meta-level: it's how I use the EMMO as tool for a direct representation of the world, understandable by others ontologists. The semiotic process within EMMO: My friend looks at the same cloud and says: "It is an elephant". I use the EMMO to record this experience by declaring: - my friend as MyFriend individual, belonging to 'Interpreter' classes - the sound of the word "elephant" as an acoustical perception individual named ElephantWord, belonging to 'Perceptual' - a relation hasSign between Cloud and ElephantWord, that makes ElephantWord also belonging to 'Sign' class and Cloud belonging also to 'Object' class - a 'Semiosis' individual called MyFriendElephantCloud that hasParticipant: Cloud, ElephantWord and MyFriend, respectively as object, sign and interpreter. So, the Perceptual class is here to categorized real-world objects at meta-level using common perceptual channels, for practical ontology usage. We could have represented the word "elephant" within a physicalistic approach, by identifying it as a pressure wave in the air.
heat treatment consisting of heating and soaking at a suitable temperature, followed by cooling under conditions such that, after return to ambient temperature, the metal will be in a structural state closer to that of equilibrium
Annealing
Heat to a temperature appropriate for the particular material, maintain at that temperature and then cool at an appropriate rate to reduce hardness, improve machinability or achieve desired properties.
HeatTreatment
The henry per meter (symbolized H/m) is the unit of magnetic permeability in the International System of Units ( SI ). Reduced to base units in SI, 1 H/m is the equivalent of one kilogram meter per square second per square ampere. -- QUDT
HenryPerMetre
Henry per Metre
Manufacturing by separating particles of material from a solid body by non-mechanical means. Ablation refers both to the removal of layers of material and to the separation of workpiece parts. The production process of ablation is considered in its stationary instantaneous state, independently of the application of auxiliary processes necessary to initiate the process. Ablation is divided into three subgroups according to the order point of view (OGP) "process in the effective zone on the surface of the workpiece": - thermal ablation; - chemical ablation; - electrochemical ablation.
Ablation
Candela per Lumen.
CandelaPerLumen
Has shaped bodies as input and output.
The processing of a material aimed to transform its structure by means of any type of treatment, without involving relevant synthesis phenomena.
MaterialTreatment
Manufacturing by changing the properties of the material of which a workpiece is made, which is done, among other things, by changes in the submicroscopic or atomic range, e.g. by diffusion of atoms, generation and movement of dislocations in the atomic lattice or chemical reactions, and where unavoidable changes in shape are not part of the essence of these processes.
A manufacturing process aimed to modify the precursor objects through a physical process (involving other materials, energy, manipulation) to change its material properties.
A material process requires the output to be classified as an individual of a material subclass.
MaterialsProcessing
ContinuumManufacturing
Synthesis of materials, quenching, the preparation of a cake, tempering of a steel beam.
Deals with entities that have a defined shape.
The process of transforming precursor objects (e.g. raw materials) into a product by the use of manual labor, machinery or chemical/biological processes.
Manufacturing
ISO 15531-1:2004 manufacturing: function or act of converting or transforming material from raw material or semi-finished state to a state of further completion
ISO 18435-1:2009 manufacturing process: set of processes in manufacturing involving a flow and/or transformation of material, information, energy, control, or any other element in a manufacturing area
An agent that is driven by the intention to reach a defined objective in driving a process.
Intentionality is not limited to human agents, but in general to all agents that have the capacity to decide to act in driving a process according to a motivation.
IntentionalAgent
0,001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
GramPerMetre
Gram Per Metre
Atom subclass for indium.
IndiumAtom
Conventional radius of sphere in which the nuclear matter is included,
NuclearRadius
An elementary fermionic particle that is the fundamental constituent of matter.
ElementaryQuark
An elementary particle of a fundamental fermionic type.
ElementaryFermion
The class of units with dimensionality 'SectionAreaIntegral'.
SectionAreaIntegralUnit
Power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3. -- QUDT
CubicMetrePerCubicMetre
Cubic Metre Per Cubic Metre
A maximal class M (subclass of Maximal) is defined by choosing a reference type φ so that M is subclass of φ, all parts of x are needed to keep φ(x) and if you add something to x, then x is no more a φ.
The superclass for all classes of entities that have no proper parts of the same type of the whole are not proper part of an entity of that type.
0.001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 4 -- QUDT
QuarticMilliMetre
Quartic Millimetre
Joule Per Kilogram} (J/kg) is a unit in the category of Thermal heat capacity. It is also known as `joule/kilogram`, `joules per kilogram`. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. The unit has a dimension of L2T⁻² where L is length, and T is time. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT
Joule per Kilogram
0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit coulomb divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 -- QUDT
MicroCoulombPerSquareMetre
Microcoulomb Per Square Metre
SI base unit ampere divided by the 0.001-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
AmperePerMilliMetre
Ampere Per Millimetre
The class of units with dimensionality 'MagneticFieldStrength'.
MagneticFieldStrengthUnit
The symbol that stands for the radium atom.
RadiumSymbol
The SI derived unit of electrical resistance, named after German physicist Georg Simon Ohm.
Ω = V/A = H/s
Ohm
0.001-fold of the SI base unit ampere divided by the 0.0001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre by exponent 2
MilliAmperePerSquareCentiMetre
Atom subclass for protactinium.
ProtactiniumAtom
The class of units with dimensionality 'AreaPerTime'.
AreaPerTimeUnit
Scalar line integral of the magnetic field strength along a closed path.
MagnetomotiveForce
SI base unit kilogram divided by the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT
Kilogram Per Kilogram
Nanomoles per gram per second
The class of units with dimensionality 'AmountPerMassTime'.
AmountPerMassTimeUnit
A PetaCoulomb is 10¹⁵ C. -- QUDT
PetaCoulomb
Superclass for all units prefixed with "peta" (1e15).
PetaPrefixedUnit
A 2-manifold with two unconnected boundaries.
Plane
A topological space with the property that each point has a neighborhood that is homeomorphic to an open subset of 2-dimensional Euclidean space.
TwoManifold
2-manifold
An object that enables or facilitate an agent in the execution of a process that modifies the surrounding environment.
Tool
HotDipGalvanizing
Hot-dipGalvanizing
Per square metre and second.
PerSquareMetreSecond
ReciprocalSquareMetreSecond
The class of units with dimensionality 'PerAreaTime'.
PerAreaTimeUnit
"Square Meter Steradian" is a unit for 'Area Angle' expressed as m²-sr. -- QUDT
SquareMetreSteradian
Square Metre Steradian
Dimensionless measurement unit for solid angle.
Steradian
Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two areas.
AreaFractionUnit
Unit for solid angle.
Under sinusoidal conditions, phase difference between the voltage applied to a linear two-terminal element or two-terminal circuit and the electric current in the element or circuit.
PhaseDifference
DisplacementAngle
A state quantity equal to the difference between the total energy of a system and the sum of the macroscopic kinetic and potential energies of the system.
InternalEnergy
ThermodynamicEnergy
Atom subclass for tungsten.
TungstenAtom
Differential quotient of q with respect to l, where q is the average total charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle over a path l, divided by the elementary charge.
LinearIonization
One part per 10**6 (million) by mass of the measurand in the matrix. -- QUDT
Micrograms per gram
Real part of the impedance.
ResistanceToAlternativeCurrent
Inverse of 'ElectricalConductance'.
Measure of the difficulty to pass an electric current through a material.
ElectricResistance
Resistance
Non-SI unit that has been accepted by SI to be used together with the SI system.
SIAccepted
Atom subclass for neodymium.
NeodymiumAtom
A continuum that has no fixed shape and yields easily to external pressure.
Fluid
Gas, liquid, plasma,
A minute of arc, arcminute, or minute arc (MOA), is a unit of angular measurement equal to one sixtieth (1/60) of one degree (circle/21,600), or π /10,800 radians. In turn, a second of arc or arcsecond is one sixtieth (1/60) of one minute of arc. Since one degree is defined as one three hundred and sixtieth (1/360) of a rotation, one minute of arc is 1/21,600 of a rotation. -- QUDT
Arcminute
ArcMinute
MinuteOfArc
A formal language used to communicate with a computer.
The categorisation of computer languages is based on Guide to the Software Engineering Body of Knowledge (SWEBOK(R)): Version 3.0, January 2014. Editors Pierre Bourque, Richard E. Fairley. Publisher: IEEE Computer Society PressWashingtonDCUnited States. ISBN:978-0-7695-5166-1. https://www.computer.org/education/bodies-of-knowledge/software-engineering
ComputerLanguage
Milliwatts per square centimetre per micrometre per steradian
In an infinite homogenous medium, one-sixth of the mean square of the distance between the neutron source and the point where a neutron reaches a given energy.
SlowingDownArea
1 000-fold of the product of the SI derived unit newton and the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
Kilonewton Metre
product of the SI derived unit newton and the SI base unit metre divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 -- QUDT
NewtonMetrePerSquareMetre
Newton Metre Per Square Metre
Displacement of one surface with respect to another divided by the distance between them.
ShearStrain
A symbolic data representing a 32-bit floating point numbers incl. ±Inf, ±0, NaN.
FloatData
EquivalentTo: hasDataValue some xsd:float
A symbolic data representing a numerical floating point value.
FloatingPointData
Atom subclass for niobium.
NiobiumAtom
SI derived unit joule divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT
JoulePerSecond
Joule Per Second
Internal energy minus the product of thermodynamic temperature and entropy.
HelmholtzEnergy
HelmholtzFreeEnergy
Average value of the increment of the lethargy per collision.
AverageLogarithmicEnergyDecrement
Either a proton or a neutron.
Nucleon
"Square Coulomb Square Meter per Joule" is a unit for 'Polarizability' expressed as C² m² J⁻¹. -- QUDT
SquareCoulombSquareMetrePerJoule
Square Coulomb Square Metre per Joule
An object which is an holistic temporal part of a process.
Status
State
A semi-naked man is a status in the process of a man's dressing.
A symbolic data that is not array data.
Scalar data are primitive symbolic data that are not built up of other types of symbolic data.
ScalarData
1 000-fold of the SI derived unit coulomb divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT
Kilocoulomb Per Cubic Metre
The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to some domain of interests (e.g. metallurgy, chemistry), property (intensive/extensive) or application.
CategorizedPhysicalQuantity
A minimal class M (subclass of Minimal) is defined by choosing a reference type φ so that M is subclass of φ, all parts of x are needed to keep φ(x) and x is proper part of a larger φ entity.
The superclass for all classes of entities that have no proper parts of the same type of the whole is proper part of an entity of that type.
Minimal
Electronic device capable of processing data, typically in binary form, according to instructions given to it in a variable program.
ComputerSystem
Computer
Per Square Joule is a denominator unit with dimensions /eV². -- QUDT
PerSquareJoule
ReciprocalSquareJoule
The class of units with dimensionality 'ReciprocalSquareEnergy'.
ReciprocalSquareEnergyUnit
QRole
QualifiedRole
An product that is ready for commercialisation.
CommercialProduct
A matter object throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform.
In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is another separate phase. The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter. Also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram. Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter, such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of "phase" as a synonym for state of matter. However, the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used.
PhaseOfMatter
Phase
0,001-fold of the SI derived unit volt -- QUDT
Atom subclass for tellurium.
TelluriumAtom
A 'graphical' aimed to represent a geometrical concept.
Geometrical
A geometrical object can be expressed in many different forms. For example, a line can be expressed by: a) an equation like y=mx+q, which is both an 'equation' and a 'geometrical' b) a line drawn with a pencil on a paper, which is simply a 'graphical' object c) a set of axioms, when the properties of a line are inferred by the interpreter reading them, that are both 'graphical' and also 'formula' The case a) is a geometrical and mathematical, b) is geometrical and pictorial, while c) is geometrical and a composition of idiomatic strings.
A coarse dispersion of solids in a liquid continuum phase.
LiquidSolidSuspension
Mud
A function defined using functional notation.
A mathematical relation that relates each element in the domain (X) to exactly one element in the range (Y).
MathematicalFunction
FunctionDefinition
y = f(x)
An equation that define a new variable in terms of other mathematical entities.
DefiningEquation
The definition of velocity as v = dx/dt. The definition of density as mass/volume. y = f(x)
The value of the chemical potential under specified standard conditions (in the standard state).
StandardChemicalPotential
For a quantum level, the statistical weight of that level.
Degenerency
Multiplicity
Atom subclass for radon.
RadonAtom
Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per fission event.
NeutronYieldPerFission
Quotient of change of volume and original volume.
RelativeVolumeStrain
BulkStrain
VolumeStrain
A supply chain is a system of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in supplying a product or service to a consumer.
SupplyChain
A system whose is mainly characterised by the way in which elements are interconnected.
Network
1 000 000 000 000-fold of the SI derived unit joule -- QUDT
Number of one type of species divided by the number of all species.
MoleFraction
AtomFraction
MolePerMole
Moles per mole
The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricCurrentPerAmountVolume'.
ElectricCurrentPerAmountVolumeUnit
The symbol that stands for the samarium atom.
SamariumSymbol
Application of additive manufacturing intended for reducing the time needed for producing prototypes.
RapidPrototyping
Imaginary part of the complex power.
ReactivePower
SI unit for absorbed dose.
The SI unit of radiation dose. Radiation carries energy, and when it is absorbed by matter the matter receives this energy. The dose is the amount of energy deposited per unit of mass. One gray is defined to be the dose of one joule of energy absorbed per kilogram of matter, or 100 rad. The unit is named for the British physician L. Harold Gray (1905-1965), an authority on the use of radiation in the treatment of cancer. -- QUDT
Gray
The class of units with dimensionality 'AbsorbedDose'.
AbsorbedDoseUnit
A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in liquid.
LiquidSol
A colloid in which small particles (1 nm to 100 nm) are suspended in a continuum phase.
Sol
FormingFromLiquid
Atom subclass for beryllium.
BerylliumAtom
1 000-fold of the SI base unit mol divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT
Kilomole Per Second
Shot peening is shot peening for shaping or straightening workpieces by introducing residual compressive stresses (from: DIN 8200/10.82).
FormingBlasting
SI prefix who's value is 100.
Hecto
The magnetic moment of a magnet is a quantity that determines the force that the magnet can exert on electric currents and the torque that a magnetic field will exert on it. A loop of electric current, a bar magnet, an electron, a molecule, and a planet all have magnetic moments. The unit for magnetic moment is not a base unit in the International System of Units (SI) and it can be represented in more than one way. For example, in the current loop definition, the area is measured in square meters and I is measured in amperes, so the magnetic moment is measured in ampere-square meters (A m2). In the equation for torque on a moment, the torque is measured in joules and the magnetic field in tesla, so the moment is measured in Joules per Tesla (J u00b7T-1). These two representations are equivalent: 1 A u00b7m2 = 1 J u00b7T-1. -- QUDT
JoulePerTesla
Joule per Tesla
Ratio of shear stress to the shear strain.
ModulusOfRigidity
ShearModulus
ParticipantByAgency
Square metre and square Hertz.
"Kilohertz" is a C.G.S System unit for 'Frequency' expressed as KHz. -- QUDT
OrganicCompound
Square Kelvin.
SquareKelvin
The class of units with dimensionality 'SquareTemperature'.
SquareTemperatureUnit
A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole hybridly in spatial, temporal and spatiotemporal parts.
JunctionTile
0.001-fold of the SI derived unit ohm -- QUDT
PicoPascal
product of the SI derived unit newton and the 0.01-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
NewtonCentiMetre
Newton Centimetre
Critical thermodynamic temperature of a superconductor.
SuperconductionTransitionTemperature
Temperature below which quantum effects dominate.
CriticalTemperature
Nanomoles per cubic centimetre per hour
`Cubic Meter per Square Second` is a C.G.S System unit for `Standard Gravitational Parameter` expressed as m³/s² -- QUDT
CubicMetrePerSquareSecond
Cubic Metre per Square Second
The class of units with dimensionality 'VolumePerSquareTime'.
VolumePerSquareTimeUnit
`Cubic Kilometer per Square Second` is a unit for `Standard Gravitational Parameter` expressed as km³/s². -- QUDT
CubicKiloMetrePerSquareSecond
Cubic Kilometre per Square Second
A NanoCoulomb is 10⁻⁹ C. -- QUDT
NanoCoulomb
MaterialByType
ClassicallyDefinedMaterial
Equivalent To: AmorphousMaterial or CrystallineMaterial
Equivalent To: MetallicMaterial or CeramicMaterial or CompositeMaterial or PolymericMaterial
Internal energy per unit mass.
SpecificInternalEnergy
Product of the mean linear range R and the mass density ρ of the material.
MeanMassRange
Square metre per steradian.
SquareMetrePerSteradian
Power transferred per unit area.
Intensity
Quotient of the total mean charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle along its entire path and along the paths of any secondary charged particles, and the elementary charge.
TotalIonization
0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit pascal -- QUDT
The subject of condensed matter physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter, especially the solid and liquid phases which arise from electromagnetic forces between atoms. More generally, the subject deals with "condensed" phases of matter: systems of many constituents with strong interactions between them.
CondensedMatter
A superclass made as the disjoint union of all the form under which matter can exist.
In physics, a state of matter is one of the distinct forms in which matter can exist. Four states of matter are observable in everyday life: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma.
StateOfMatter
Disjoint Union Of: Gas, Plasma, Liquid, Solid
A computational application that uses a physical model to predict the behaviour of a system, providing a identifiable analogy with the original object.
PhysicalBasedSimulationSoftware
An application aimed to functionally reproduce an object.
SimulationApplication
An application that predicts the pressure drop of a fluid in a pipe segment is aimed to functionally reproduce the outcome of a measurement of pressure before and after the segment.
Polynomial
An expression that has parts only integer constants, variables, and the algebraic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and exponentiation by an exponent that is a rational number)
AlgebraicExpression
Electric field strength divided by the current density.
ElectricResistivity
"Microsecond" is a unit for 'Time' expressed as microsec. -- QUDT
microsecond
Per cubic metre and second.
PerCubicMetreSecond
The class of units with dimensionality 'FrequencyPerVolume'.
FrequencyPerVolumeUnit
The symbol that stands for the gold atom.
GoldSymbol
Sum of the product of the proton number and the hydrogen atomic mass, and the neutron rest mass, minus the rest mass of the atom.
MassDefect
Vector field quantity E which exerts on any charged particle at rest a force F equal to the product of E and the electric charge Q of the particle.
ElectricFieldStrength
A material_relation can e.g. return a predefined number, return a database query, be an equation that depends on other physics_quantities.
An 'equation' that stands for a physical assumption specific to a material, and provides an expression for a 'physics_quantity' (the dependent variable) as function of other variables, physics_quantity or data (independent variables).
MaterialRelation
The Lennard-Jones potential. A force field. An Hamiltonian.
A causal particle represents the most elementary entity in physics, being it a simple state of an elementary particle, called quantum in the EMMO, or a chain of causally connected quanta.
The class of individuals representing causal particles.
The disjoint union of CausalPath and Quantum classes.
CausalParticle
A MegaCoulomb is 10⁶ C. -- QUDT
MegaCoulomb
Radioactive decays per second.
SI unit for radioactive activity.
The SI derived unit of activity, usually meaning radioactivity. "Radioactivity" is caused when atoms disintegrate, ejecting energetic particles. One becquerel is the radiation caused by one disintegration per second; this is equivalent to about 27.0270 picocuries (pCi). The unit is named for a French physicist, Antoine-Henri Becquerel (1852-1908), the discoverer of radioactivity. Note: both the becquerel and the hertz are basically defined as one event per second, yet they measure different things. The hertz is used to measure the rates of events that happen periodically in a fixed and definite cycle. The becquerel is used to measure the rates of events that happen sporadically and unpredictably, not in a definite cycle. -- QUDT
Becquerel
A colloid formed by trapping pockets of gas in a liquid or solid.
Foam
1 000-fold of the SI derived unit newton -- QUDT
An artificial computer language used to express information or knowledge, often for use in computer system design.
ModellingLanguage
Architecture description language – used as a language (or a conceptual model) to describe and represent system architectures.
Hardware description language – used to model integrated circuits. Architecture description language – used as a language (or a conceptual model) to describe and represent system architectures. Algebraic Modeling Language which is a high-level programming languages for describing and solving high complexity problems like large-scale optimisation.
The kelvin, symbol K, is the SI unit of thermodynamic temperature. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the Boltzmann constant k to be 1.380649×10−23 when expressed in the unit J K−1, which is equal to kg m2 s−2 K−1, where the kilogram, metre and second are defined in terms of h, c and ∆νCs.
Kelvin
The class of units with dimensionality 'LengthTimePerMass'.
LengthTimePerMassUnit
Quotient of the thermal diffusion ratio and the product of the local amount-of-substance fractions.
ThermalDiffusionFactor
In a steady-state of a binary mixture in which thermal diffusion occurs; proportionality factor between gradient of the amount-of-subsstance fraction of the heavier substance B, and negative gradient of the local thermodynamic temperature divided by that temperature.
ThermalDiffusionRatio
translation vector that maps the crystal lattice on itself
LatticeVector
vector quantity between any two points in space
Displacement
An expression that provide information about the element type of a compound and their relative ratio.
EmpiricalFormula
A chemical formula may also include other symbols such as parentheses, plus and minus signs, brackets
A symbolic construct that provides informations about the chemical proportions of the elements that constitute a chemical compound or a specific molecule.
ChemicalFormula
SI derived unit weber divided by the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
WeberPerMetre
Weber Per Metre
Cut-off angular frequency in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid.
DebyeAngularFrequency
Reciprocal of the decay constant λ.
MeanDurationOfLife
MeanLifeTime
The symbol that stands for the krypton atom.
KryptonSymbol
The symbol that stands for the strontium atom.
StrontiumSymbol
A foam of trapped gas in a liquid.
LiquidFoam
A square metre unit of area per square metre -- QUDT
SquareMetrePerSquareMetre
square metre per square metre
Least energy required for the emission of a conduction electron.
Work function is the energy difference between an electron at rest at infinity and an electron at the Fermi level in the interior of a substance.
WorkFunction
ElectronWorkFunction
The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to a standard (e.g. ISQ).
StandardizedPhysicalQuantity
Atom subclass for bismuth.
BismuthAtom
product of the SI derived unit hertz and the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
HertzMetre
Hertz Metre
The symbol that stands for the aluminium atom.
AluminiumSymbol
SI unit for electrical conductance.
Siemens is the SI unit of electric conductance, susceptance, and admittance. The most important property of a conductor is the amount of current it will carry when a voltage is applied. Current flow is opposed by resistance in all circuits, and by also by reactance and impedance in alternating current circuits. Conductance, susceptance, and admittance are the inverses of resistance, reactance, and impedance, respectively. To measure these properties, the siemens is the reciprocal of the ohm. In other words, the conductance, susceptance, or admittance, in siemens, is simply 1 divided by the resistance, reactance or impedance, respectively, in ohms. The unit is named for the German electrical engineer Werner von Siemens (1816-1892). -- QUDT
Siemens
A guess is a theory, estimated and subjective, since its premises are subjective.
Guess
A 'conventional' that stand for a 'physical'.
The 'theory' is e.g. a proposition, a book or a paper whose sub-symbols suggest in the mind of the interpreter an interpretant structure that can represent a 'physical'. It is not an 'icon' (like a math equation), because it has no common resemblance or logical structure with the 'physical'. In Peirce semiotics: legisign-symbol-argument
Theory
A coded that is assigned from an estimation.
Estimated
The biography of a person that the author have not met.
A data representing a real number.
RealData
EquivalentTo: hasDataValue some owl:real
1 000-fold of the SI base unit ampere divided by the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
Kiloampere Per Metre
Atom subclass for gold.
GoldAtom
A reference unit provided by a reference material. International vocabulary of metrology (VIM)
StandardUnit
Arbitrary amount-of-substance concentration of lutropin in a given sample of plasma (WHO international standard 80/552): 5.0 International Unit/l
A reference can be a measurement unit, a measurement procedure, a reference material, or a combination of such (VIM3 1.1 NOTE 2).
A symbolic is recognized as reference unit also if it is not part of a quantity (e.g. as in the sentence "the Bq is the reference unit of Becquerel"). For this reason we can't declare the axiom: MetrologicalReference SubClassOf: inverse(hasMetrologicalReference) some Quantity because there exist reference units without being part of a quantity. This is peculiar to EMMO, where quantities as syntatic entities (explicit quantities) are distinct with quantities as semantic entities (properties).
MetrologicalReference
EquivalentTo: StandardUnit or MeasurementUnit or ProcedureUnit
A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in temporal parts.
TemporalTile
A data representing 8-bit integer number.
ByteData
EquivalentTo: hasDataValue some xsd:byte
Atom subclass for cobalt.
CobaltAtom
Milliwatts per square metre per nanometre per steradian
Newtons Per Square Metre
0.001-fold of the SI base unit mol divided by the 0.001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT
Millimole Per Gram
Process consisting of two steps: - first, the steel is heated in a quenching treatment to a temperature above Ac3 and then rapidly cooled in a liquid to produce a process-specific grain structure; - subsequently, the steel is heated to a specific temperature during tempering to set the desired property and cooled in air.
Tempering
The symbol that stands for the yttrium atom.
YttriumSymbol
Watt Per Kelvin (W/K) is a unit in the category of Thermal conductivity. -- QUDT
WattPerKelvin
Watt per Kelvin
A physical particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics.
Fermion
PhysicalParticleBySpin
average distance that phonons travel between two successive interactions
MeanFreePathOfPhonons
A special unit with a metric prefix.
The presence of the prefix makes this units non-coherent with SI system.
MetricPrefixedUnit
A measurement unit that is made of a metric prefix and a unit symbol.
PrefixedUnit
Millidegree Celsius is a scaled unit of measurement for temperature. -- QUDT
Millidegree Celsius
SI prefix who's value is 1e-15.
Femto
Shortest distance between two surfaces limiting a layer, when this distance can be considered to be constant over a region of a finite size.
Thickness
Inverse of the quality factor.
LossFactor
A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' due to causal continguity.
Index
Signal
Smoke stands for a combustion process (a fire). My facial expression stands for my emotional status.
Fraction of atoms in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction.
LongRangeOrderParameter
The symbol that stands for the protactinium atom.
ProtactiniumSymbol
The symbol that stands for the seaborgium atom.
SeaborgiumSymbol
Quantity characterizing the relative variation of volume V with pressure p at constant entropy.
The coherent SI unit of isentropic compressibility is pascal to the power minus one, 1/Pa.
IsentropicCompressibility
Measure of the relative volume change of a fluid or solid as a response to a pressure change.
Compressibility
Class that includes the application of scientific knowledge, tools and techniques in order to transform a precursor object (ex. conversion of material) following a practic purpose.
Conversion of materials and assembly of components for the manufacture of products
Technology is the application of knowledge for achieving practical goals in a reproducible way.
Technology refers to methods, systems, and devices which are the result of scientific knowledge being used for practical purposes.
application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts or systems in order to solve a problem or to achieve an objective which can result in a product or process
application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts, systems or methods of organization in order to solve a problem or achieve an objective
TechnologyProcess
ProductionEngineeringProcess
A process occurring with the active participation of an intentional agent that drives the process according to a specific objective (intention).
The concept is not restricted to agencies where the agent accomplish its intention. For example, breaking a vase while reaching for a book is an intentional agency, because the action causing the vase to fall and break follows a volition (i.e., an act of willing). Intentional agency may be further categorised acccording to the fact that the some of the resulting processes may or may not be coherent with the volition.
IntentionalAgency
IntentionalProcess
Project
SubClassOf: hasAgent some IntentionalAgent
A number individual provides the link between the ontology and the actual data, through the data property hasNumericalValue.
A number is actually a string (e.g. 1.4, 1e-8) of numerical digits and other symbols. However, in order not to increase complexity of the taxonomy and relations, here we take a number as an "atomic" object, without decomposit it in digits (i.e. we do not include digits in the EMMO as alphabet for numbers).
A numerical data value.
In math usually number and numeral are distinct concepts, the numeral being the symbol or a composition of symbols (e.g. 3.14, 010010, three) and the number is the idea behind it. More than one numeral stands for the same number. In the EMMO abstract entities do not exists, and numbers are simply defined by other numerals, so that a number is the class of all the numerals that are equivalent (e.g. 3 and 0011 are numerals that stands for the same number). Or alternatively, an integer numeral may also stands for a set of a specific cardinality (e.g. 3 stands for a set of three apples). Rational and real numbers are simply a syntactic arrangment of integers (digits, in decimal system). The fact that you can't give a name to a number without using a numeral or, in case of positive integers, without referring to a real world objects set with specific cardinality, suggests that the abstract concept of number is not a concept that can be practically used. For these reasons, the EMMO will consider numerals and numbers as the same concept.
Number
Numeral
A 'Mathematical' that has no unknown value, i.e. all its 'Variable"-s parts refers to a 'Number' (for scalars that have a built-in datatype) or to another 'Numerical' (for complex numerical data structures that should rely on external implementations).
Numerical
MathematicalSymbol
The class of units with dimensionality 'LuminousEfficacy'.
LuminousEfficacyUnit
Coulomb Per Cubic Meter (C/m³) is a unit in the category of Electric charge density. It is also known as coulomb per cubic metre, coulombs per cubic meter, coulombs per cubic metre, coulomb/cubic meter, coulomb/cubic metre. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Coulomb Per Cubic Meter has a dimension of L⁻³TI where L is length, T is time, and I is electric current. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT
CoulombPerCubicMetre
Coulomb per Cubic Metre
A set of one or more 'MeasuringInstruments' and often other devices, including any reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. -- VIM
MeasuringSystem
measuring system
An observer that makes use of a measurement tool and provides a quantitative property.
Measurer
Vector characterising a dislocation in a crystal lattice.
BurgersVector
a unit of electric current per mass
MilliAmperePerGram
Relative change of length with respect the original length.
RelativeLinearStrain
NanoMole
Atom subclass for lutetium.
LutetiumAtom
unit of the Planck's constant as product of the SI derived unit joule and the SI base unit second -- QUDT
Attojoule Second
Atom subclass for curium.
CuriumAtom
A manufacturing in which the product is a solid body with a well defined geometrical shape made from shapeless original material parts, whose cohesion is created during the process.
ArchetypeManufacturing
PrimitiveForming
Urformen
Increase in the rate of reaction of a specified chemical reaction that an enzyme produces in a specific assay system.
CatalyticActivity
A reciprical unit of time for `reciprocal second` or `inverse second`. The `Per Second` is a unit of rate. -- QUDT
PerSecond
ReciprocalSecond
MeasurementUnitByPrefix
The SI unit of gyromagnetic ratio. -- QUDT
AmpereSquareMetrePerJouleSecond
Ampere Square Metre Per Joule Second
The symbol that stands for the technetium atom.
TechnetiumSymbol
A subclass of measurement unit focusing on the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit.
The current version of EMMO does not provide explicit classes for physical dimensions. Rather it embraces the fact that the physical dimensionality of a physical quantity is carried by its measurement unit. The role of dimensional unit and its subclasses is to express the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit. Since the dimensionality of a physical quantity can be written as the product of powers of the physical dimensions of the base quantities in the selected system of quantities, the physical dimensionality of a measurement unit is uniquely determined by the exponents. For a dimensional unit, at least one of these exponents must be non-zero (making it disjoint from dimensionless units).
DimensionalUnit
0.001-fold of the SI derived unit pascal -- QUDT
Atom subclass for osmium.
OsmiumAtom
Galvanizing
Archetype join attaches two workpiece with geometrically defined shape together, using supplementary workpiece made of amorphous material (e.g. powder).
ArchetypeJoin
derived SI unit coulomb divided by the 0.000 001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre by exponent 2 -- QUDT
CoulombPerSquareMilliMetre
Coulomb Per Square Millimetre
The symbol that stands for the hydrogen atom.
HydrogenSymbol
A nanosecond is a SI unit of time equal to one billionth of a second (10-9 or 1/1,000,000,000 s). One nanosecond is to one second as one second is to 31.69 years. The word nanosecond is formed by the prefix nano and the unit second. -- QUDT
nanosecond
unit of gravitational constant as product of the derived SI unit newton, the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 divided by the power of the SI base unit kilogram with the exponent 2 -- QUDT
Newton Square Metre Per Square Kilogram
The class of units with dimensionality 'NewtonianConstantOfGravity'.
NewtonianConstantOfGravityUnit
An icon that not only resembles the object, but also can express some of the object's functions.
Replica
A small scale replica of a plane tested in a wind gallery shares the same functionality in terms of aerodynamic behaviour of the bigger one.
Pinocchio is a functional icon of a boy since it imitates the external behaviour without having the internal biological structure of a human being (it is made of magic wood...).
Quotient of mass concentration of water vapour and mass concentration at its saturation ψ = r/rsat where r is mass ratio of water vapour to dry gas and rsat is the mass ratio of water vapour to dry gas at saturation of the same temperature.
RelativeMassFractionOfVapour
Sum of canonical partition function Z (NA,NB,…) for the given number of particles A, B, ... multiplied by absolute activities of particles A, B, ...
GrandCanonicalPartionFunction
GrandPartionFunction
H = Wb/A = V·s/A = Ω·s
SI unit for electrical inductance.
Henry
The SI unit of electric inductance. A changing magnetic field induces an electric current in a loop of wire (or in a coil of many loops) located in the field. Although the induced voltage depends only on the rate at which the magnetic flux changes, measured in webers per second, the amount of the current depends also on the physical properties of the coil. A coil with an inductance of one henry requires a flux of one weber for each ampere of induced current. If, on the other hand, it is the current which changes, then the induced field will generate a potential difference within the coil: if the inductance is one henry a current change of one ampere per second generates a potential difference of one volt. The henry is a large unit; inductances in practical circuits are measured in millihenrys (mH) or microhenrys (μH). The unit is named for the American physicist Joseph Henry (1797-1878), one of several scientists who discovered independently how magnetic fields can be used to generate alternating currents. -- QUDT
The class of units with dimensionality 'Inductance'.
InductanceUnit
In computing, a computer file is a resource for recording data on a computer storage device, primarily identified by its file path.
File
Any physical or virtual component of limited availability within a computer system.
SystemResource
Resource
A non-SI unit of volume defined as 1 cubic decimetre (dm3),
Other used symbols for litre are "l" and "ℓ".
The litre (American spelling: `liter`; SI symbol l or L) is a non-SI metric system unit of volume equal to 1 `cubic decimetre` (dm³), 1,000 cubic centimetres (cm³) or 1/1000 `cubic metre`. If the lower case "L" is used as the symbol, it is sometimes rendered as a italic "l" to help distinguish it from the capital "I", although this usage has no official approval by any international bureau. -- QUDT
Litre
liter
The symbol that stands for the gallium atom.
GalliumSymbol
In nuclear physics, fraction of interacting particles per distance traversed in a given material.
LinearAttenuationCoefficient
Cut-off angular wavenumber in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid.
DebyeAngularWaveNumber
DebyeAngluarRepetency
hardening of a workpiece caused by the precipitation of one or more compounds from a supersaturated solid solution
PrecipitationHardening
A construction language designed to transform some input text in a certain formal language into a modified output text that meets some specific goal.
TransformationLanguage
Tritium, XSLT, XQuery, STX, FXT, XDuce, CDuce, HaXml, XMLambda, FleXML
Atom subclass for samarium.
SamariumAtom
Joule per metre.
JoulePerMetre
A reference unit provided by a measurement procedure.
Procedure units and measurement units are disjoint.
ProcedureUnit
Rockwell C hardness of a given sample (150 kg load): 43.5HRC(150 kg)
Energy imparted to matter by ionizing radiation in a suitable small element of volume divided by the mass of that element of volume.
AbsorbedDose
1e-12 fold of the SI derived unit farad divided by the SI base unit metre. -- QUDT
Picofarad Per Metre
The symbol that stands for the argon atom.
ArgonSymbol
Enthalpy per amount of substance.
MolarEnthalpy
The symbol that stands for the helium atom.
HeliumSymbol
Quotient of the total linear stopping power S and the mass density ρ of the material.
TotalMassStoppingPower
MassStoppingPower
Moles per square metre per second per steradian.
The imaginary part of the impedance.
The opposition of a circuit element to a change in current or voltage, due to that element's inductance or capacitance.
ElectricReactance
derived SI unit coulomb divided by the 0.000 000 001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre by exponent 3 -- QUDT
CoulombPerCubicMilliMetre
Coulomb Per Cubic Millimetre
Watts per square metre and metre and steradian.
NormalizedStringData
Atom subclass for iridium.
IridiumAtom
The symbol that stands for the astatine atom.
AstatineSymbol
The symbol that stands for the meitnerium atom.
MeitneriumSymbol
A unit of inductance equal to one thousandth of a henry. -- QUDT
One radioactive disintegration per hundred thousand seconds from an SI standard unit of mass of sample. -- QUDT
Microbecquerels per kilogram
SI base unit mol divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT
MolePerSecond
Mole Per Second
For a sinusoidal wave at a given point, velocity in the direction of propagation of the wavefront corresponding to a specified phase.
PhaseVelocity
PhaseSpeed
Atomic quantum number related to the orbital angular momentum l of a one-electron state.
Number describing a particular state of a quantum system.
The symbol that stands for the neon atom.
NeonSymbol
1 000 000 000-fold of the SI derived unit ohm -- QUDT
Pascal Second Per Meter (Pa-s/m) is a unit in the category of Specific acoustic impedance. It is also known as pascal-second/meter. Pascal Second Per Meter has a dimension of ML²T⁻¹ where M is mass, L is length, and T is time. It essentially the same as the corresponding standard SI unit kg/m2· s. -- QUDT
PascalSecondPerMetre
Pascal Second Per Metre
derived SI unit joule divided by the 0.0001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre by exponent 2 -- QUDT
JoulePerSquareCentiMetre
Joule Per Square Centimetre
Inverse of the radius of curvature.
Curvature
ChemicalCompositionQuantity
the abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture.
0.001-fold of the SI derived unit coulomb divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 -- QUDT
Millicoulomb Per Square Metre
Newton second measured per metre -- QUDT
NewtonSecondPerMetre
Newton Second per Metre
Mean number of particles per volume.
ParticleNumberDensity
The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the length.
LinearDensityOfElectricCharge
Coulomb Square Meter (C-m2) is a unit in the category of Electric quadrupole moment. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Coulomb Square Meter (C-m2) has a dimension of L2TI where L is length, T is time, and I is electric current. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT
CoulombSquareMetre
Coulomb Square Metre
The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricChargeArea'.
ElectricChargeAreaUnit
For solvent A, standard absolute activity of the pure substance A at the same temperature and at a standard pressure.
StandardAbsoluteActivityOfSolvent
The measure of the resistance of a fluid to flow when an external force is applied.
DynamicViscosity
Viscosity
The class of units with dimensionality 'LuminousIntensity'.
LuminousIntensityUnit
A coded that makes use of an atomic symbol with respect to the code used to refer to the interaction.
A property is atomic in the sense that is aimed to deliver one and one only aspect of the object according to one code, such as the color with one sign (e.g., black) or a quantitiative property (e.g., 1.4 kg).
Property
Hardness is a subclass of properties. Vickers hardness is a subclass of hardness that involves the procedures and instruments defined by the standard hardness test.
The name "red" which is atomic in the code made of the list of colors.
Joule square metre per kilogram.
The class of units with dimensionality 'MassStoppingPower'.
MassStoppingPowerUnit
A MilliCoulomb is 10⁻³ C. -- QUDT
MilliCoulomb
Quotient of mechanical output and input power.
MechanicalEfficiency
1 000-fold of the SI derived unit joule divided by the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT
Kilojoule Per Kilogram
At a point in a fluid, the product of mass density and velocity.
MassFlow
Dimensionless measurement unit for plane angle.
Measure of plane angle.
Radian
A non-SI coherent can be expressed in terms of its corresponding SI coherent unit, as nonsi_coherent_unit = si_coherent_unit * multiplier + offset where `multiplier` and `offset` are specified via the 'hasConversionMultiplier' and 'hasConversionOffset' data properties, respectively.
An SI unit whos numerical factor in front of the product of base SI units is NOT equal to one.
SINonCoherentUnit
The complete set of SI units includes both the coherent set and the multiples and sub-multiples formed by using the SI prefixes.
The names, symbols and prefixes of SI units are defined by the General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Conference_on_Weights_and_Measures
The set of units provided by the SI referring to the ISQ.
SIUnit
The symbol that stands for the actinium atom.
ActiniumSymbol
ThermochemicalTreatment
Time derivative of the dose equivalent.
DoseEquivalentRate
Differential quotient of the absorbed dose with respect to time.
AbsorbedDoseRate
Number of different microstates in a subsystem.
StatisticalWeightOfSubsystem
derived SI unit coulomb divided by the 0.0001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre by exponent 2 -- QUDT
CoulombPerSquareCentiMetre
Coulomb Per Square Centimetre
Per Micrometer Unit is a denominator unit with dimensions /microm. -- QUDT
PerMicroMetre
ReciprocalMicroMetre
A computer language that expresses the presentation of structured documents.
StyleSheetLanguage
CSS
10**-12 grams or one 10**-15 of the SI standard unit of mass (kilogram). -- QUDT
derived SI unit volt divided by the 0.01-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
Volt Per Centimetre
Radian square metre per kilogram.
ThermalSprayingForming
The symbol that stands for the cobalt atom.
CobaltSymbol
MilliBecquerel
QWhole
QualifiedWhole
A perspective characterized by the belief that: - a whole is more than merely the sum of its parts (wholism) - the parts of a whole are interconnected in a way that can be explained only by reference to the whole (rolism).
An holistic perspective considers each part of the whole as equally important, without the need to position the parts within a hierarchy (in time or space). The interest is on the whole, on its parts (how they contribute to the whole, i.e. their roles), and their types, without going further into specifying the spatial hierarchy or the temporal position of each part. This class allows the picking of parts without necessarily going trough a rigid hierarchy of spatial compositions (e.g. body -> organ -> cell -> molecule) or temporal composition. This is inline with the transitive nature of parthood, as it is usually defined in literature.
The holistic perspective is not excluding the reductionistic perspective, on the contrary it can be considered its complement.
The union of classes whole and part.
Holistic
Wholistic
A molecule of a body can have role in the body evolution, without caring if its part of a specific organ and without specifying the time interval in which this role occurred.
A product is a role that can be fulfilled by many objects, but always requires a process to which the product participates and from which it is generated.
An object which is an holistic spatial part of a process.
Participant
A student during an examination.
`Ampere Per Square Meter` is a unit in the category of electric current density. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. -- QUDT
AmperePerSquareMetre
Ampere per Square Metre
A quantifiable property of a phenomenon, body, or substance.
VIM defines a quantity as a "property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has a magnitude that can be expressed as a number and a reference". A quantity in EMMO is a property and therefore only addresses the first part of the VIM definition (that is a property of a phenomenon, body, or substance). The second part (that it can be expressed as a number and a reference) is syntactic and addressed by emmo:QuantityValue.
Quantity
Measurand
length Rockwell C hardness electric resistance
DisjointUnionOf: SubjectiveProperty, ObjectiveProperty
EquivalentTo: PhysicalQuantity or OrdinalQuantity
measurand
quantity
product out of the SI base unit ampere and the SI base unit second -- QUDT
AmpereSecond
Ampere Second
Atom subclass for oganesson.
OganessonAtom
Partial differential quotient of the cross section of a process with respect to the solid angle around a given direction and the energy of a particle scattered in that direction.
DirectionAndEnergyDistributionOfCrossSection
CubicCentiMetrePerCubicMetre
Cubic Centimetre Per Cubic Metre
Removal of material by means of rigid or flexible discs or belts containing abrasives.
Grinding
UndefinedEdgeCutting
Spanen mit geometrisch unbestimmten Schneiden
Charge number is a quantity of dimension one defined in ChargeNumber.
For all types of ions in a solution, half the sum of the products of their molality b_i and the square of their charge number z_i.
IonicStrength
ArithmeticExpression
Watt second per square metre.
The class of units with dimensionality 'SquareElectricPotentialPerSquareTemperature'.
SquareElectricPotentialPerSquareTemperatureUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'IlluminanceTime'.
IlluminanceTimeUnit
0.001-fold of the SI derived unit farad -- QUDT
0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit farad divided by the 1,000-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
MicroFaradPerKiloMetre
Microfarad Per Kilometre
Electric charge per volume.
ElectricChargeDensity
VolumeElectricCharge
Sum of electric current density and displacement current density.
TotalCurrentDensity
Electric current divided by the cross-sectional area it is passing through.
ElectricCurrentDensity
AreicElectricCurrent
CurrentDensity
The interpreter's internal representation of the object in a semiosis process.
Interpretant
A film is the interpretant for a camera, which is the interpreter. The object captured by the camera is the referent. The film is the internal representation of the object, i.e. how the camera understand the object according to its capacity. The film (interpretant) refers to the object (referent) according to the camera (interpreter). When the film is removed from the camera, developed and printed on photographic paper (or for digital camera the image is downloaded as jpeg and displayed on a laptop) then we create a sign other than the interpretant. However, in case of analogic film we can always look at the negatve that will suggest the intended referent. This is because both sign and interpretant are related to the referent in a similar way. (What we call sign and interpretant in EMMO are both intended as "signs" in Peirce semiotics, the first being external signal for the interpreter and the second the internal sign)
A programming language entity expressing a formal detailed plan of what a software is intended to do.
A source code is the companion of an application, being it the entity used to generate the application list of CPU executable instructions.
SourceCode
Source code (also referred to as source or code) is the version of software as it is originally written (i.e., typed into a computer) by a human in plain text (i.e., human readable alphanumeric characters).
"Per Square Meter" is a denominator unit with dimensions /m². -- QUDT
PerSquareMetre
ReciprocalSquareMetre
A heap class H (subclass of Heap) is defined by choosing a reference type φ, with H subclass of φ, so that each H entity has non overlapping φ parts.
The superclass for all classes of entities that have at least two non overlapping proper parts of the same type of the whole.
Heap
A minute is a unit of measurement of time. The minute is a unit of time equal to 1/60 (the first sexagesimal fraction of an hour or 60 seconds. In the UTC time scale, a minute on rare occasions has 59 or 61 seconds; see leap second. The minute is not an SI unit; however, it is accepted for use with SI units. The SI symbol for minute or minutes is min (for time measurement) or the prime symbol after a number, e.g. 5' (for angle measurement, even if it is informally used for time). -- QUDT
Non-SI time unit defined as 60 seconds.
Minute
The symbol that stands for the antimony atom.
AntimonySymbol
Quotient of thermal conductivity, and the product of electric conductivity and thermodynamic temperature.
LorenzCoefficient
LorenzNumber
The symbol that stands for the rutherfordium atom.
RutherfordiumSymbol
A dimensionless thermodynamic parameter named after German physicist Eduard Grüneisen.
ThermodynamicGrueneisenParameter
The class of units with dimensionality 'TemperaturePerTime'.
TemperaturePerTimeUnit
Volume of a constituent of a mixture divided by the sum of volumes of all constituents prior to mixing.
VolumeFraction
The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricFlux'.
ElectricFluxUnit
MicrowaveSintering
The hertz (symbol Hz) is the SI unit of frequency defined as the number of cycles per second of a periodic phenomenon. A GigaHertz is 10⁹ hz. -- QUDT
Scalar or tensor quantity the product of which by the magnetic constant μ0 and by the magnetic field strength H is equal to the magnetic polarization J.
MagneticSusceptibility
The symbol that stands for the chlorine atom.
ChlorineSymbol
A PicoCoulomb is 10⁻¹² C. -- QUDT
PicoCoulomb
The symbol that stands for the manganese atom.
ManganeseSymbol
Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two speeds.
SpeedFractionUnit
Unit for refractive index.
A mathematical object in this branch is not representing a concept but an actual graphical object built using mathematcal symbols arranged in some way, according to math conventions.
The class of general mathematical symbolic objects respecting mathematical syntactic rules.
Mathematical
The kilogram, symbol kg, is the SI unit of mass. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the Planck constant h to be 6.62607015×10−34 when expressed in the unit J s, which is equal to kg m2 s−1, where the metre and the second are defined in terms of c and ∆νCs.
Kilogram
A standalone atom that has no net charge.
NeutralAtom
In an infinite medium, the ratio of the mean number of neutrons produced by fission due to neutrons of all energies to the mean number of neutrons produced by fissions due to thermal neutrons only.
FastFissionFactor
Atom subclass for cadmium.
CadmiumAtom
Watt Per Square Centimeter is a unit of heat flux or thermal flux, the rate of heat energy transfer through a given surface. -- QUDT
Watt per Square Centimetre
A heterogeneous object made of different graphical object parts.
Document
The symbol that stands for the calcium atom.
CalciumSymbol
Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the mass density ρ of the medium.
MassAttenuationCoefficient
Nanograms per square metre per Pascal per second
SI derived unit watt divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT
WattPerCubicMetre
Watt Per Cubic Metre
inverse of the mass density ρ, thus v = 1/ρ.
SpecificVolume
MassicVolume
`Hertz per Kelvin` is a unit for 'Inverse Time Temperature' expressed as Hz K⁻¹. -- QUDT
HertzPerKelvin
Hertz per Kelvin
Vector quantity in a quantum system composed of the vectorial sum of angular momentum L and spin s.
For a two-terminal element or a two-terminal circuit under periodic conditions, quantity equal to the square root of the difference of the squares of the apparent power S and the active power P.
NonActivePower
Mole Per Kilogram Pascal (mol/kg-pa) is a unit of Molar Mass variation due to Pressure. -- QUDT
Mole per Kilogram Pascal
The class of units with dimensionality 'AmountPerMassPressure'.
AmountPerMassPressureUnit
0.1-fold of the product of the derived SI unit joule and the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
Decinewton Metre
Activity factors can also be obtained applying Raoult's law or Henry's law.
For substance X in a liquid or a solid mixture; quotient of absolute activity of substance X and the product of absolute activity of the pure substance X at the same temperature and pressure and amount-of-substance fraction of substance X.
ActivityFactor
A coefficient in thermodynamics used to account for deviation of a mixture of chemical substances from ideal behaviour.
ActivityCoefficient
product of the 1 000 000-fold of the SI derived unit hertz and the 1 000-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
Megahertz Metre
Length in a given direction regarded as horizontal.
The terms breadth and width are often used by convention, as distinguished from length and from height or thickness.
Width
Breadth
Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the total angular momentum quantum number and the Bohr magneton.
GFactorOfAtom
UnintentionalAgency
SI prefix who's value is 1000.
Kilo
Atom subclass for silver.
SilverAtom
SharedAgent
IntentionalAgentByKind
MilliSiemens per metre
A mixed tiling in which a tile has next spatially connected tiles.
Broadcast
A well formed tessellation with at least a junction tile.
MixedTiling
product out of the 100-fold of the SI unit pascal and the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT
Hectopascal Cubic Metre Per Second
The class of units with dimensionality 'PowerArea'.
PowerAreaUnit
Time derivative of kerma.
KermaRate
Inverse of the magnetic flux quantum.
The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_flux_quantum) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity.
JosephsonConstant
The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricChargePerLength'.
ElectricChargePerLengthUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricDipoleMoment'.
ElectricDipoleMomentUnit
A collapse is a fundamental process occurring to one particle that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(1,n) with n>1, being n the number of outgoing particles.
Decay
Metre to the power four per second.
The class of units with dimensionality 'QuarticLengthPerTime'.
QuarticLengthPerTimeUnit
0.001-fold of the SI derived unit weber divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 -- QUDT
Milliwatt Per Square Metre
"Watt per Square Meter} is a unit of irradiance defined as the power received per area. This is a unit in the category of Energy flux. It is also known as watts per square meter, watt per square metre, watts per square metre, watt/square meter, watt/square metre. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Watt Per Square Meter (W/m²) has a dimension of MT^{-3" where M is mass, and T is time. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT
WattPerSquareMetre
Watt per Square Metre
0,000 001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the SI base unit kelvin -- QUDT
CubicCentiMetrePerKelvin
Cubic Centimetre Per Kelvin
Atom subclass for tin.
TinAtom
Milligrams per square metre per second
One minus the square of the coupling factor
LeakageFactor
Voltage phasor multiplied by complex conjugate of the current phasor.
ComplexPower
ComplexApparentPower
A data representing an arbritrary sized integer number.
IntegerData
EquivalentTo: hasDataValue some xsd:integer
0.000000001-fold of the SI derived unit henry -- QUDT
A computational application that uses existing data to predict the behaviour of a system without providing a identifiable analogy with the original object.
DataBasedSimulationSoftware
1,000,000-fold of the SI derived unit joule divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT
Megajoule Per Cubic Metre
Performance measure of a device that uses thermal energy, expressed as the ratio of work done over thermal energy used.
ThermodynamicEfficiency
ThermalEfficiency
Newton Per Meter (N/m) is a unit in the category of Surface tension. It is also known as newtons per meter, newton per metre, newtons per metre, newton/meter, newton/metre. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Newton Per Meter (N/m) has a dimension of MT-2 where M is mass, and T is time. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT
NewtonPerMetre
Newton per Metre
1 000-fold of the SI base unit mol divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT
Kilomole Per Cubic Metre
System program refers to operating systems and utility programs that manage computer resources at a low level enabling a computer to function.
SystemProgram
An operating system. A graphic driver.
Watts per square metre per metre.
Number of electrons in conduction band per volume.
ElectronDensity
A material is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. A solid is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. The word essentially means that most of the intensity of the diffraction is concentrated in relatively sharp Bragg peaks, besides the always present diffuse scattering. In all cases, the positions of the diffraction peaks can be expressed by H=∑ni=1hia∗i (n≥3)
Crystal
CrystallineMaterial
Number of ions per volume.
IonNumberDensity
IonDensity
Cubic metre per Coulomb.
CubicMetrePerCoulomb
The class of units with dimensionality 'ReciprocalElectricChargeDensity'.
ReciprocalElectricChargeDensityUnit
0.001-fold of the SI derived unit joule -- QUDT
Volume per amount of substance.
MolarVolume
Radius of a sphere such that the relativistic electron energy is distributed uniformly.
ElectronRadius
Product of damping coefficient and period duration.
LogarithmicDecrement
SI unit for frequence.
The hertz (symbol Hz) is the SI unit of frequency defined as the number of cycles per second of a periodic phenomenon. One of its most common uses is the description of the sine wave, particularly those used in radio and audio applications, such as the frequency of musical tones. The word "hertz" is named for Heinrich Rudolf Hertz, who was the first to conclusively prove the existence of electromagnetic waves. -- QUDT
Hertz
A coded classified by its structure.
CodedByStructure
SI base unit kelvin divided by the SI base unit kelvin -- QUDT
KelvinPerKelvin
Kelvin Per Kelvin
Quotient of the traversed circular path length of a point in space during a rotation and its distance from the axis or centre of rotation.
RotationalDisplacement
AngularDisplacement
In the usual geometrical three-dimensional space, position vectors are quantities of the dimension length. -- IEC
Vector quantity from the origin of a coordinate system to a point in space.
PositionVector
Position
Position vectors are so-called bounded vectors, i.e. their magnitude and direction depend on the particular coordinate system used. -- ISO 80000-3
A logarithmic unit of sound pressure equal to 10 decibels (dB), It is defined as: 1 B = (1/2) log₁₀(Np) -- QUDT
One bel is defined as `1⁄2 ln(10) neper`.
Today decibel (one tenth of a bel) is commonly used instead of bel.
bel is used to express the ratio of one value of a power or field quantity to another, on a logarithmic scale, the logarithmic quantity being called the power level or field level, respectively.
Bel
A YottaCoulomb is 10²⁴ C. -- QUDT
YottaCoulomb
Atom subclass for mercury.
MercuryAtom
Axial vector quantity describing the rotation around an axis, with magnitude ω=|dφ/dt|, where dφ is the plane angle change during the infinitesimal time interval with duration dt, and with direction along the axis for which the rotation is clockwise.
AngularVelocity
For substance B, an integer number or a simple fraction, being negative for a reactant and positive for a product, occurring in the expression for a chemical reaction.
StoichiometricNumberOfSubstance
The factors 1/2 and 3/2 in the chemical reaction formula below are stoicheiometric mumbers of substance. (1/2)N2 + (3/2)H2 = NH3
A causal structure that is tessellated in direct parts.
A tessellation (or tiling) is the covering of a surface, often a plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called tiles, with no overlaps and no gaps.
Tessellation
Tiling
Physical constant used to define a unit system. Hence, when expressed in that unit system they have an exact value with no associated uncertainty.
ExactConstant
Equivalent to the Boltzmann constant, but expressed in units of energy per temperature increment per mole (rather than energy per temperature increment per particle).
MolarGasConstant
Quotient of the Boltzmann constant and the mass m.
SpecificGasConstant
0.1-fold of the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT
A manufacturing in which it is formed a solid body with its shape from shapeless original material parts, whose cohesion is created during the process.
WorkpieceForming
Joule square metre.
JouleSquareMetre
The class of units with dimensionality 'EnergyArea'.
EnergyAreaUnit
"Property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has no magnitude." "A nominal property has a value, which can be expressed in words, by alphanumerical codes, or by other means." International vocabulary of metrology (VIM)
An 'ObjectiveProperty' that cannot be quantified.
NominalProperty
CFC is a 'sign' that stands for the fact that the morphology of atoms composing the microstructure of an entity is predominantly Cubic Face Centered A color is a nominal property. Sex of a human being.
nominal property
Radius of the circular movement of an electrically charged particle in a magnetic field.
Gyroradius
LarmorRadius
Square Meter Per Kilogram (m2/kg) is a unit in the category of Specific Area. It is also known as square meters per kilogram, square metre per kilogram, square metres per kilogram, square meter/kilogram, square metre/kilogram. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Square Meter Per Kilogram (m2/kg) has a dimension of M-1L2 where M is mass, and L is length. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT
Square Metre per Kilogram
Sum of all cross sections corresponding to the various reactions or processes between an incident particle of specified type and energy and a target entity.
TotalCrossSection
Measure of probability that a specific process will take place in a collision of two particles.
AtomicPhysicsCrossSection
The candela, symbol cd, is the SI unit of luminous intensity in a given direction. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540×1012 Hz, Kcd, to be 683 when expressed in the unit lm W−1, which is equal to cd sr W−1, or cd sr kg−1 m−2 s3, where the kilogram, metre and second are defined in terms of h, c and ∆νCs.
Candela
In a nuclear reaction, sum of the kinetic energies and photon energies of the reaction products minus the sum of the kinetic and photon energies of the reactants.
ReactionEnergy
CondensedFormula
An expression that provides information about the element types that constiture a molecule or a molecular substance and their number, together with simple information about the connectivity of its groups by using parenthesis or by goruping element names according to its molecular structure.
SI base unit mol divided by the 0.001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT
MolePerCubicDeciMetre
Mole Per Cubic Decimetre
A flow of electric charge.
ElectricCurrent
Probability that a neutron will not escape from the reactor during the slowing-down process or while it diffuses as a thermal neutron.
NonLeakageProbability
"PicoF" is a common unit of electric capacitance equal to 10⁻¹² farad. This unit was formerly called the micromicrofarad. -- QUDT
The CGS unit of volume, equal to 10-6 cubic meter, 1 milliliter, or about 0.061 023 7 cubic inch -- QUDT
CubicCentiMetre
cubic centimetre
Atom subclass for antimony.
AntimonyAtom
Rest mass of a nuclide X in the ground state.
For particle X, mass of that particle at rest in an inertial frame.
RestMass
InvariantMass
ProperMass
SI prefix who's value is 1e-18.
Atto
Efficiency of an ideal heat engine operating according to the Carnot process.
MaximumEfficiency
CarnotEfficiency
The class of units with dimensionality 'SquareMassPerSquareTime'.
SquareMassPerSquareTimeUnit
energy difference between an electron at rest at infinity and an electron at the lowest level of the conduction band in an insulator or semiconductor
ElectronAffinity
A data representing 16-bit integer number.
ShortData
EquivalentTo: hasDataValue some xsd:short
A data representing 16-bit non-negative integer number, 0...65535.
UnsignedShortData
EquivalentTo: hasDataValue some xsd:unsignedShort
Parameter for diffusion and fluid flow in porous media.
Tortuosity
A derived unit that belongs to the SI system.
SIDerivedUnit
0.000000001-fold of the SI derived unit Siemens divided by the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
Nanosiemens Per Metre
Atom subclass for sodium.
SodiumAtom
An ExaCoulomb is 10¹⁸ C. -- QUDT
ExaCoulomb
A law that provides a connection between a property of the object and other properties, capturing a fundamental physical phenomena.
PhysicalLaw
An icon that focus on HOW the object works.
An icon that represents the internal logical structure of the object.
AnalogicalIcon
A physics equation is replicating the mechanisms internal to the object.
Electrical diagram is diagrammatic and resemblance
MODA and CHADA are diagrammatic representation of a simulation or a characterisation workflow.
The subclass of icon inspired by Peirceian category (b) the diagram, whose internal relations, mainly dyadic or so taken, represent by analogy (with the same logic) the relations in something (e.g. math formula, geometric flowchart).
Treatment carried out after hardening or case hardening consisting of cooling to a temperature below room temperature to complete the transformation of austenite to martensite
DeepFreezing
1,000,000,000,000-fold of the SI derived unit ohm -- QUDT
Per Meter Unit is a denominator unit with dimensions /m. -- QUDT
PerMetre
Reciprocal metre
A class devoted to categorize causal objects by specifying their granularity levels.
A granularity level is specified by a tiling decomposition of the whole y. A tiling is identified as a set of items {x1, x2, ... xn} called tiles that: - are proper parts of y - covers the entire whole (y = x1 +x2 + ... + xn) - do not overlap - are part of one, and one only, whole (inverse functional)
Reductionistic
Direct parthood is the antitransitive parthood relation used to build the class hierarchy (and the granularity hierarchy) for this perspective.
Dissociation may occur stepwise.
Ratio of the number of dissociation events to the maximum number of theoretically possible dissociation events.
DegreeOfDissociation
DissociationFraction
The superclass for all classes of entities that have a proper parts of the same type of the whole that is part of all the other proper parts of the same type.
Nuclear
Atom subclass for hafnium.
HafniumAtom
0.000000001-fold of the SI derived unit watt -- QUDT
product of the SI derived unit watt and SI base unit second -- QUDT
WattSecond
Watt Second
Partition function of a molecule.
MolecularPartitionFunction
The symbol that stands for the thallium atom.
ThalliumSymbol
The class of units with dimensionality 'ReciprocalMass'.
ReciprocalMassUnit
A one-newton force applied for one angle/torsional torque -- QUDT
NewtonPerRadian
Newton per radian
The class of units with dimensionality 'AreicSpeed'.
AreicSpeedUnit
The symbol that stands for the tellurium atom.
TelluriumSymbol
volume ratio consisting of the 0.001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT
CubicDeciMetrePerCubicMetre
Cubic Decimetre Per Cubic Metre
Specific heat capacity - The heat required to raise unit mass of a substance by unit temperature interval under specified conditions, such as constant pressure: usually measured in joules per kelvin per kilogram. Symbol c_p (for constant pressure) Also called specific heat. -- QUDT
Joule per Kilogram Kelvin
A common metric unit of length or distance. One kilometer equals exactly 1000 meters, about 0.621 371 19 mile, 1093.6133 yards, or 3280.8399 feet. Oddly, higher multiples of the meter are rarely used; even the distances to the farthest galaxies are usually measured in kilometers. -- QUDT
In non-relativistic physics, the centre of mass doesn’t depend on the chosen reference frame.
The unique point where the weighted relative position of the distributed mass of an Item sums to zero. Equivalently, it is the point where if a force is applied to the Item, causes the Item to move in direction of force without rotation.
CentreOfMass
0.001-fold of the SI base unit mol -- QUDT
(according to DIN 8200) Shot peening to generate residual compressive stresses in layers of the blasting material close to the surface in order to improve certain component properties, e.g. fatigue strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance (from: DIN 8200:1982)
Peening
HardeningByForming
A coarse dispersion of solid in a solid continuum phase.
SolidSolidSuspension
Granite, sand, dried concrete.
Electroplating
The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Elementary_charge) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity.
The magnitude of the electric charge carried by a single electron. It defines the base unit Ampere in the SI system.
ElementaryCharge
The physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field.
ElectricCharge
Charge
The class of units with dimensionality 'AmountPerArea'.
AmountPerAreaUnit
The symbol that stands for the carbon atom.
CarbonSymbol
0,001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 -- QUDT
GramPerSquareMetre
Gram Per Square Metre
Resistance quantum.
The von Klitzing constant is defined as Planck constant divided by the square of the elementary charge.
VonKlitzingConstant
1,000,000-fold of the SI derived unit joule divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 -- QUDT
Megajoule Per Square Metre
A semiotic process that assigns a sign by deduction from causal continguity.
Deduction
IndexSemiosis
The interpreter feels that the plate is hot and assigns the status of the kitchen stove to be on.
The divergence at a particular point in a vector field is (roughly) how much the vector field 'spreads out' from that point. Operationally, we take the partial derivative of each of the field with respect to each of its space variables and add all the derivatives together to get the divergence. Electric field (V/m) differentiated with respect to distance (m) yields V/(m²). -- QUDT
VoltPerSquareMetre
Volt per Square Metre
The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricPotentialPerArea'.
ElectricPotentialPerAreaUnit
Permittivity divided by electric constant.
RelativePermittivity
10-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
Diffusion coefficient through the pore space of a porous media.
EffectiveDiffusionCoefficient
Proportionality constant in some physical laws.
DiffusionCoefficient
0,01-fold of the product of the SI derived unit newton and SI base unit metre -- QUDT
Centinewton Metre
A material that contains two or more constituent materials.
CompositeMaterial
Composite
SI unit of quantity of matter per SI unit area per SI unit of time. -- QUDT
Moles per square metre per second
Per Pascal.
PerPascal
ReciprocalPascal
The datatype for bidimensional arrays.
MatrixData
SubClassOf: hasSpatialTile some VectorData
Radian square metre per mole.
RadianSquareMetrePerMole
Atom subclass for flerovium.
FleroviumAtom
Vector quantity giving the rate of change of angular velocity.
AngularAcceleration
is the SI unit of magnetic field strength. One ampere per meter is equal to π/250 oersteds (12.566 371 millioersteds) in CGS units. The ampere per meter is also the SI unit of "magnetization" in the sense of magnetic dipole moment per unit volume; in this context 1 A/m = 0.001 emu per cubic centimeter. -- QUDT
AmperePerMetre
Ampere per Metre
0.001-fold of the SI base unit mol divided by the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT
Millimole Per Kilogram
A chausal chain whose quantum parts are of the same standard model fundamental type.
An elementary particle is a causal chain of quantum entities of the same type. For example, an elementary electron is a sequence of fundamental electrons only.
ElementaryParticle
SingleParticleChain
DisjointUnionOf: ElementaryFermion, ElementaryBoson
One part per 10**6 (million) of the SI unit of quantity of matter (the mole) per SI unit area. -- QUDT
Micromoles per square metre
Strength of a magnetic field. Commonly denoted H.
MagneticFieldStrength
MagnetizingFieldStrength
maximal distance of two points of an object, in a given direction or along a straight line passing through the centre.
The diameter of a circle or a sphere is twice its radius.
Diameter
The kilowatt is a derived unit of power in the International System of Units (SI), The unit, defined as 1,000 joule per second, measures the rate of energy conversion or transfer. -- QUDT
Irradiate
Atom subclass for polonium.
PoloniumAtom
Physical quantity of dimension energy × time.
Action
1 000-fold of the SI derived unit siemens divided by the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
Kilosiemens Per Metre
A DeciCoulomb is 10⁻¹ C. -- QUDT
DeciCoulomb
Atom subclass for bromine.
BromineAtom
A unit of catalytic activity used especially in the chemistry of enzymes. A catalyst is a substance that starts or speeds a chemical reaction. Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts within the bodies of living plants and animals. A catalyst has an activity of one katal if it enables a reaction to proceed at the rate of one mole per second. -- QUDT
SI unit for catalytic activity.
Katal
Minimum length of a straight line segment between a point and a reference line or reference surface.
Height
A process occurring by natural (non-intentional) laws.
NaturalProcess
NonIntentionalProcess
0,000 001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT
CubicCentiMetrePerSecond
Cubic Centimetre Per Second
Semiosis classified as complete or partial representation of the semiotic triangle (interpretant, sign, referent).
SemiosisByStructure
Square centimetre per cubic centimetre.
Quotient of the mass of water in a three-dimensional domain, irrespective of the form of aggregation, by the volume of the domain.
The mass concentration of water at saturation is denoted wsat.
MassConcentrationOfWater
Kilograms per square metre per second
Atom subclass for iron.
IronAtom
A semiosis where the interpreter perceives a referent, that generates the interpretant as interpreter's internal representation. Than the interpretant is communicated by the interpreter by the production of a sign, i.e. the entity that stands for the referent according to the interpreter.
Communicating
I (interpreter) see an entity (referent) whose perception stimulates in me an internal representation (interpretant). Then I say: "Ketchup." (sign) with the intention of communicate externally something about that entity.
Square Meter Per Mole (m2/mol) is a unit in the category of Specific Area. It is also known as square meters per mole, square metre per per, square metres per per, square meter/per, square metre/per. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Square Meter Per Mole (m2/mol) has a dimension of M-1L2 where M is mass, and L is length. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT
SquareMetrePerMole
Square Metre per Mole
Inverse of the time constant of an exponentially varying quantity.
DampingCoefficient
Conductivity per molar concentration of electrolyte.
MolarConductivity
Reciprocal Henry.
PerHenry
ReciprocalHenry
SI unit for illuminance.
The SI unit for measuring the illumination (illuminance) of a surface. One lux is defined as an illumination of one lumen per square meter or 0.0001 phot. In considering the various light units, it's useful to think about light originating at a point and shining upon a surface. The intensity of the light source is measured in candelas; the total light flux in transit is measured in lumens (1 lumen = 1 candelau·steradian); and the amount of light received per unit of surface area is measured in lux (1 lux = 1 lumen/square meter). One lux is equal to approximately 0.09290 foot candle. -- QUDT
Lux
In condensed matter physics, the square root of the product of diffusion coefficient and lifetime.
DiffusionLength
Atom subclass for copper.
CopperAtom
Absolute value of the electric charge of ions produced in dry air by X- or gamma radiation per mass of air.
Exposure
Newton metre seconds measured per metre -- QUDT
Newton metre seconds per metre
time constant for scattering, trapping or annihilation of charge carriers, phonons or other quasiparticles
RelaxationTime
parameter characterizing the response to a step input of a first‑order, linear time‑invariant system
TimeConstant
microradian
A mathematical model can be defined as a description of a system using mathematical concepts and language to facilitate proper explanation of a system or to study the effects of different components and to make predictions on patterns of behaviour. Abramowitz and Stegun, 1968
An analogical icon expressed in mathematical language.
MathematicalModel
PlasmaCutting
The term "Uniform Resource Name" (URN) has been used historically to refer to both URIs under the "urn" scheme [RFC2141], which are required to remain globally unique and persistent even when the resource ceases to exist or becomes unavailable, and to any other URI with the properties of a name.
URN
Real part of the admittance.
ConductanceForAlternatingCurrent
Pascal per Kelvin.
PascalPerKelvin
A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of mesoscopic entities, i.e. a set of bounded atoms like a molecule, bead or nanoparticle.
MesoscopicModel
The symbol that stands for the molybdenum atom.
MolybdenumSymbol
Newton Per Coulomb ( N/C) is a unit in the category of Electric field strength. It is also known as newtons/coulomb. Newton Per Coulomb ( N/C) has a dimension of MLT-3I-1 where M is mass, L is length, T is time, and I is electric current. It essentially the same as the corresponding standard SI unit V/m. -- QUDT
NewtonPerCoulomb
Newton per Coulomb
Atom subclass for fermium.
FermiumAtom
Per Joule cubic metre.
PerJouleCubicMetre
Coefficient in the law of recombination,
RecombinationCoefficient
The SI unit of dynamic viscosity, equal to 10 poises or 1000 centipoises. -- QUDT
PascalSecond
Pascal Second
Kilograms per cubic metre per second
reciprocal value of the 0.000000001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT
PerCubicMilliMetre
ReciprocalCubicMilliMetre
Measure for how the magnetization of material is affected by the application of an external magnetic field .
Permeability
For an atom or nucleus, this energy is quantized and can be written as: W = g μ M B where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear magneton, M is magnetic quantum number, and B is magnitude of the magnetic flux density. -- ISO 80000
Vector quantity μ causing a change to its energy ΔW in an external magnetic field of field flux density B: ΔW = −μ · B
MagneticDipoleMoment
Kinetic energy released per mass.
Kerma
Volt Per Meter (V/m) is a unit in the category of Electric field strength. It is also known as volts per meter, volt/meter, volt/metre, volt per metre, volts per metre. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Volt Per Meter (V/m) has a dimension of MLT⁻³I⁻¹ where M is mass, L is length, T is time, and I is electric current. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT
VoltPerMetre
Volt per Metre
Assigned
Quotient of electron and hole mobility.
MobilityRatio
Picomoles per cubic metre per second
A simulation in which more than one model are solved together with a coupled method.
TightlyCoupledModelsSimulation
Solving within the same linear system the discretised form of the pressure and momentum equation for a fluid, using the ideal gas law as material relation for connecting pressure to density.
0.001-fold of the SI derived unit weber -- QUDT
The small, dense region at the centre of an atom consisting of protons and neutrons.
Nucleus
100-fold of the SI derived unit pascal divided by the SI base unit kelvin -- QUDT
Hectopascal Per Kelvin
The superclass for all classes of entities that have a proper parts of the same type φ of the whole, and so that for every two distinct φ proper parts one is part of the other.
Convergent
A network of objects that implements a production process through a series of interconnected elements.
ProductionSystem
The symbol that stands for the bromine atom.
BromineSymbol
A molecule composed of only one element type.
Homonuclear
ElementalMolecule
Hydrogen molecule (H₂).
The class of units with dimensionality 'TimePerLength'.
TimePerLengthUnit
Force per unit oriented surface area .
Measure of the internal forces that neighboring particles of a continuous material exert on each other.
Stress
Mass per amount of substance.
MolarMass
0,001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the 0.000 001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT
Gram Per Cubic Centimetre
DrawForms
"Kilometer per Second" is a C.G.S System unit for 'Linear Velocity' expressed as km/s. -- QUDT
Kilometre per Second
The class of units with dimensionality 'Diffusivity'.
DiffusivityUnit
A symbolic data representing a rational number, that is a number that can be expressed exact by `p/q` where `p` and `q` are integer numbers.
RationalData
EquivalentTo: hasDataValue some owl:rational
Smallest energy difference between the lowest level of conduction band and the highest level of valence band at zero thermodynamic temperature.
GapEnergy
BandgapEnergy
JavaScript
Type of scratching behaviour where the scratching force and the (displacement) deflection of the scratching tip are constant over the scratching distance during the test.
Planing
Although the sievert has the same dimensions as the gray (i.e. joules per kilogram), it measures a different quantity. To avoid any risk of confusion between the absorbed dose and the equivalent dose, the corresponding special units, namely the gray instead of the joule per kilogram for absorbed dose and the sievert instead of the joule per kilogram for the dose equivalent, should be used. -- QUDT
SI unit for equivalent doseof ionizing radiation. Sievert is derived from absorbed dose, but takes into account the biological effectiveness of the radiation, which is dependent on the radiation type and energy.
Sievert
0,01-fold of the SI base unit metre divided by the SI base unit kelvin -- QUDT
Centimetre Per Kelvin
The energy of an object due to its motion.
KineticEnergy
Cementing
Magnetic flux the integration area of which is such that magnetic field lines cross it in the same orientation more than once.
LinkedFlux
The symbol that stands for the potassium atom.
PotassiumSymbol
The term "Uniform Resource Locator" (URL) refers to the subset of URIs that, in addition to identifying a resource, provide a means of locating the resource by describing its primary access mechanism (e.g., its network "location").
URL
The class of units with physical dimensionality per length to the power of four.
PerQuarticLengthUnit
Atom subclass for neptunium.
NeptuniumAtom
Physical constant in Newton's law of gravitation and in Einstein's general theory of relativity.
NewtonianConstantOfGravity
A grammar for annotating a document in a way that is syntactically distinguishable from the text.
MarkupLanguage
HTML
1,000,000-fold of the product of the SI derived unit volt and the SI base unit ampere -- QUDT
Megavolt Ampere
A soft, solid or solid-like colloid consisting of two or more components, one of which is a liquid, present in substantial quantity.
Gel
The class of units with dimensionality 'EntropyPerAmount'.
EntropyPerAmountUnit
Pascal metre.
`Mole Degree Celsius` is a C.G.S System unit for 'Temperature Amount Of Substance' expressed as mol-degC. -- QUDT
MoleDegreeCelsius
Mole Degree Celsius
SI derived unit joule divided by the 0.001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT
JoulePerGram
Joule Per Gram
Decays per unit time.
Radioactivity
RadioactiveActivity
Quotient of radiation amplitude scattered by the atom and radiation amplitude scattered by a single electron.
AtomicScatteringFactor
An holistic spatial part of a whole.
NonTemporalRole
HolisticSpatialPart
Ohm square metre per metre.
OhmSquareMetrePerMetre
A unit of area equal to that of a square, of sides 1cm -- QUDT
Square Centimetre
0.001-fold of the SI derived unit siemens -- QUDT
Measure of time defined as 3600 seconds.
The hour (common symbol: h or hr) is a unit of measurement of time. In modern usage, an hour comprises 60 minutes, or 3,600 seconds. It is approximately 1/24 of a mean solar day. An hour in the Universal Coordinated Time (UTC) time standard can include a negative or positive leap second, and may therefore have a duration of 3,599 or 3,601 seconds for adjustment purposes. Although it is not a standard defined by the International System of Units, the hour is a unit accepted for use with SI, represented by the symbol h. -- QUDT
Hour
A process which is an holistic temporal part of an object.
Behaviour
Accelerating is a behaviour of a car.
0,001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the SI base unit mol -- QUDT
CubicDeciMetrePerMole
Cubic Decimetre Per Mole
1 000-fold of the SI derived unit coulomb divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 -- QUDT
Kilocoulomb Per Square Metre
"Quartic Coulomb Meter per Cubic Energy" is a unit for 'Quartic Electric Dipole Moment Per Cubic Energy' expressed as C⁴ m⁴ J⁻³. -- QUDT
QuarticCoulombMetrePerCubicEnergy
Quartic Coulomb Metre per Cubic Energy
The class of units with dimensionality 'QuarticElectricDipoleMomentPerCubicEnergy'.
QuarticElectricDipoleMomentPerCubicEnergyUnit
Width of the forbidden energy band in a superconductor.
SuperconductorEnergyGap
Per metre and nanometre and steradian.
PerMetreNanoMetreSteradian
ReciprocalMetreNanoMetreSteradian
Differential quotient of fluence Φ with respect to time.
ParticleFluenceRate
Square volt per square Kelvin.
SquareVoltPerSquareKelvin
FiberReinforcePlasticManufacturing
Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the total area S of the surface of that sample.
SurfaceActivityDensity
The datatype for monodimensional arrays.
VectorData
SubClassOf: hasSpatialTile some ScalarData
"Ordinal quantities, such as Rockwell C hardness, are usually not considered to be part of a system of quantities because they are related to other quantities through empirical relations only." International vocabulary of metrology (VIM)
"Quantity, defined by a conventional measurement procedure, for which a total ordering relation can be established, according to magnitude, with other quantities of the same kind, but for which no algebraic operations among those quantities exist" International vocabulary of metrology (VIM)
OrdinalQuantity
Hardness Resilience
ordinal quantity
`Joule Per Cubic Meter` (J/m³) is a unit in the category of Energy density. It is also known as joules per cubic meter, joule per cubic metre, joules per cubic metre, joule/cubic meter, joule/cubic metre. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. It has a dimension of ML⁻¹T⁻² where M is mass, L is length, and T is time. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT
JoulePerCubicMetre
Joule per Cubic Metre
`Kelvin per Tesla` is a unit for 'Temperature Per Magnetic Flux Density' expressed as K T⁻¹. -- QUDT
KelvinPerTesla
Kelvin per Tesla
The class of units with dimensionality 'TemperaturePerMagneticFluxDensity'.
TemperaturePerMagneticFluxDensityUnit
Kilogram per Square Metre Square Second
Per Kilometer Unit is a denominator unit with dimensions /km. -- QUDT
PerKiloMetre
ReciprocalKiloMetre
The class of units with dimensionality 'AngularFrequency'.
AngularFrequencyUnit
Atom subclass for lead.
LeadAtom
Mass per length.
LinearMassDensity
LinearDensity
LineicMass
Atom subclass for nihonium.
NihoniumAtom
Watt per metre and Kelvin unit.
WattPerMetreKelvin
The class of units with dimensionality 'ThermalConductivity'.
ThermalConductivityUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'AreaPerTemperature'.
AreaPerTemperatureUnit
product of the SI derived unit volt and the SI base unit ampere -- QUDT
VoltAmpere
Volt Ampere
Describes elements' or compounds' readiness to form bonds.
AffinityOfAChemicalReaction
ChemicalAffinity
A one-manyfold with two unconnected end points.
Curve
A topological space with the property that each point has a neighborhood that is homeomorphic to an open subset of 1-dimensional Euclidean space.
One-dimensional manifolds include lines and circles, but not self-crossing curves. Two-dimensional manifolds are also called surfaces. Examples include the plane, the sphere, and the torus, and also the Klein bottle and real projective plane.
OneManifold
1-manifold
A CentiCoulomb is 10⁻² C. -- QUDT
CentiCoulomb
"The unit one is the neutral element of any system of units – necessary and present automatically." -- SI Brochure
Represents the number 1, used as an explicit unit to say something has no units.
UnitOne
Unitless
Refractive index or volume fraction.
Typically used for ratios of two units whos dimensions cancels out.
The symbol that stands for the xenon atom.
XenonSymbol
An electric dipole, vector quantity of magnitude equal to the product of the positive charge and the distance between the charges and directed from the negative charge to the positive charge.
ElectricDipoleMoment
Coulomb Per Square Meter (C/m²) is a unit in the category of Electric charge surface density. It is also known as coulombs per square meter, coulomb per square metre, coulombs per square metre, coulomb/square meter, coulomb/square metre. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Coulomb Per Square Meter (C/m2) has a dimension of L⁻²TI where L is length, T is time, and I is electric current. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT
CoulombPerSquareMetre
Coulomb per Square Metre
The `meter per Square second` is the unit of acceleration in the International System of Units (SI). As a derived unit it is composed from the SI base units of length, the metre, and the standard unit of time, the second. Its symbol is written in several forms as m/s², or m s⁻². As acceleration, the unit is interpreted physically as change in velocity or speed per time interval, that is, `metre per second per second`. -- QUDT
MetrePerSquareSecond
Metre per Square Second
A well-formed finite combination of mathematical symbols according to some specific rules.
Expression
Gradient
The symbol that stands for the flerovium atom.
FleroviumSymbol
Joule Per Square Meter (J/m²) is a unit in the category of Energy density. It is also known as joules per square meter, joule per square metre, joule/square meter, joule/square metre. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. -- QUDT
JoulePerSquareMetre
Joule per Square Metre
The symbol that stands for the plutonium atom.
PlutoniumSymbol
A physical phenomenon is intended as a physical process that starts or ends with an unbonded state, or that includes incoming or aoutgoing particles.
The class of individuals standing for causally non-convex interacting systems.
PhysicalPhenomenon
A molecule, including a photon emitted (or captured) as result of a de-excitation (or excitation) process.
The formation of an hydrogen atom from a proton and electron.
It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts as object according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal interacting systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are part of elementaries whose paths start and end within the entitiy. We call this causal convexity. In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). So, a photon leaving a body is not part of a convex system, while a real photon that is the carrier of clasical electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body. A physical phenomenon is defined as a causally non-convex interacting system, complement of causally convex interacting system.
The class of individuals standing for causally convex interacting systems.
PhysicalObject
DisjointUnionOf: CompositePhysicalObject, BondedObject
Mass density ρ of a substance divided by the mass density ρ0 of a reference substance, under conditions that should be specified for both substances.
RelativeMassDensity
RelativeDensity
Average power over a period.
ActivePower
A data representing 64-bit non-negative integer number, 0...18446744073709551615.
UnsignedLongData
EquivalentTo: hasDataValue some xsd:unsignedLong
"Millisecond" is an Imperial unit for 'Time' expressed as ms. -- QUDT
millisecond
A 'Perceptual' which stands for a real world object whose spatiotemporal pattern makes it identifiable by an observer through an optical perception employing the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Visual
A cloud. A picture. A colour gradient on a wall. A stain. A mail.
GravitySintering
ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy loose-powder sintering, gravity sintering: sintering of uncompacted powder
Loose-powderSintering
PressurelessSintering
1,000,000,000,000,000-fold of the derived SI unit joule -- QUDT
Square metre seconds per radian.
The class of units with dimensionality 'AreaTime'.
AreaTimeUnit
The ampere, symbol A, is the SI unit of electric current. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the elementary charge e to be 1.602176634×10−19 when expressed in the unit C, which is equal to A s, where the second is defined in terms of ∆νCs.
Ampere
Duration required for the neutron fluence rate in a reactor to change by the factor e when the fluence rate is rising or falling exponentially.
ReactorTimeConstant
The symbol that stands for the zinc atom.
ZincSymbol
The symbol that stands for the bismuth atom.
BismuthSymbol
An Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. It is similar to URI, but greatly extends the allowed character set from ASCII to the Universal Character Set (Unicode/ISO 10646)..
IRIs are commonly used as identifiers for ontological entities, although the extended unicode character set is rarely used.
IRI
MatterByStructure
Ratio of the mass of water to the mass of dry matter in a given volume of matter.
The mass concentration of water at saturation is denoted usat.
MassRatioOfWaterToDryMatter
One part per 10**6 (million) of the SI unit of quantity of matter (the mole) per SI unit area per SI unit of time. This term is based on the number of photons in a certain waveband incident per unit time (s) on a unit area (m2) divided by the Avogadro constant (6.022 x 1023 mol-1). It is used commonly to describe PAR in the 400-700 nm waveband. Definition Source: Thimijan, Richard W., and Royal D. Heins. 1982. Photometric, Radiometric, and Quantum Light Units of Measure: A Review of Procedures for Interconversion. HortScience 18:818-822. -- QUDT
Micromoles per square metre per second
The symbol that stands for the silver atom.
SilverSymbol
The final task of a workflow.
There may be more than one end task, if they run in parallel leading to more than one output.
EndTask
1 000 000-fold of the derived unit becquerel -- QUDT
A real matrix with shape 4x3.
Shape4x3Matrix
0.000000000001-fold of the SI derived unit henry -- QUDT
0.000001-fold of the SI base unit mol -- QUDT
1 000 000 000-fold of the SI derived unit watt -- QUDT
Scalar quantity equal to the flux of the displacement current density JD through a given directed surface S.
DisplacementCurrent
A well formed tessellation with tiles that all spatial.
SpatialTiling
A building or group of buildings where goods are manufactured or assembled.
Factory
IndustrialPlant
Kelvin second.
KelvinSecond
The class of units with dimensionality 'TemperatureTime'.
TemperatureTimeUnit
`Watt per steradian per square metre` is the SI unit of radiance (W·sr⁻¹·m⁻²), while that of spectral radiance in frequency is the watt per steradian per square metre per hertz (W·sr⁻¹·m⁻²·Hz⁻¹) and that of spectral radiance in wavelength is the watt per steradian per square metre, per metre (W·sr⁻¹·m⁻³), commonly the watt per steradian per square metre per nanometre (W·sr⁻¹·m⁻²·nm⁻¹). It has a dimension of ML⁻⁴T⁻³ where M is mass, L is length, and T is time. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT
WattPerSquareMetreSteradian
Watt per Square Metre Steradian
A chain of linked physics based model simulations, where equations are solved sequentially.
LinkedModelsSimulation
A physics based simulation with multiple physics based models.
MultiSimulation
DeciNewton
Distance a magnetic field penetrates the plane surface of a semi-finite superconductor.
LondonPenetrationDepth
Angular frequency of the electron angular momentum vector precession about the axis of an external magnetic field.
LarmonAngularFrequency
Shared agency occurs when two or more individuals do something together.
SharedAgency
SI base unit kilogram divided by the 0.0001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre by exponent 2 -- QUDT
Kilogram Per Square Centimetre
The speed of light in vacuum. Defines the base unit metre in the SI system.
SpeedOfLightInVacuum
Distance in a superconductor over which the effect of a perturbation is appreciable at zero thermodynamic temperature
CoherenceLength
SI derived unit newton divided by the 0.000001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 -- QUDT
NewtonPerSquareMilliMetre
Newton Per Square Millimetre
Atom subclass for carbon.
CarbonAtom
Imaginary part of the admittance.
Susceptance
A semiosis where an interpretant, already present in the internal representational space of the interpreter, is resolved by the interpreter by identifying the referent, i.e. the entity for which the sign stands for according to the interpreter understanding.
Verifying
Specific heat capacity at saturated vaport pressure.
SpecificHeatCapacityAtSaturatedVaporPressure
A variable that stand for a numerical constant, even if it is unknown.
Constant
Mean total rectified path length travelled by a particle in the course of slowing down to rest in a given material averaged over a group of particles having the same initial energy.
MeanLinearRange
0,001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the unit for time second -- QUDT
CubicDeciMetrePerSecond
Cubic Decimetre Per Second
PolymericMaterial
0.001-fold of the SI derived unit Siemens divided by the 0.01-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
Millisiemens Per Centimetre
The symbol that stands for the californium atom.
CaliforniumSymbol
Atom subclass for caesium.
CaesiumAtom
A material that is obtained through a manufacturing process.
ManufacturedMaterial
EngineeredMaterial
ProcessedMaterial
Number of direct parts of a Reductionistic.
Using direct parthood EMMO creates a well-defined broadcasting between granularity levels. This also make it possible to count the direct parts of each granularity level.
NumberOfElements
A causal interaction is a fundamental causal system that can be represented as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n), when m,n>1
Interaction
SurfaceTension
The symbol that stands for the oxygen atom.
OxygenSymbol
The SI derived unit of unit in the category of Radioactivity concentration. -- QUDT
BecquerelPerCubicMetre
Becquerel per Cubic Metre
One part per 10**12 (trillion) by mass of the measurand in the matrix. -- QUDT
Picograms per gram
Number of slowed-down particles per time and volume.
SlowingDownDensity
Kilopascal is a unit of pressure. 1 kPa is approximately the pressure exerted by a 10-g mass resting on a 1-cm2 area. 101.3 kPa = 1 atm. There are 1,000 pascals in 1 kilopascal. -- QUDT
The symbol that stands for the curium atom.
CuriumSymbol
Parameter in the expression for the thermionic emission current density J for a metal in terms of the thermodynamic temperature T and work function.
RichardsonConstant
Ratio of area on a sphere to its radius squared.
0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit Siemens divided by the 0.01-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
MicroSiemensPerCentiMetre
Microsiemens Per Centimetre
JSONData
Ratio of the partial pressure p of water vapour in moist air to its partial pressure psat at saturation, at the same temperature φ = p/psat.
The relative humidity is often expressed in per cent.
RelativeHumidity
A measure of the diamagnetic energy, for a Bohr-radius spread around a magnetic axis, per square Tesla. -- QUDT
JoulePerSquareTesla
Joule per Square Tesla
Voltage between substances a and b caused by the thermoelectric effect.
ThermoelectricVoltage
For a substance in a mixture, the absolute activity of the pure substance at the same temperature but at standard pressure.
StandardAbsoluteActivityOfMixture
Unit for power; 1 000 000 watt.
MegaWatt
1 000 000-fold of the SI base unit ampere -- QUDT
Energy needed to heat one mole of substance by 1 Kelvin, under standard conditions (not standard temperature and pressure STP). The standard molar entropy is usually given the symbol S, and has units of joules per mole kelvin ( J· mol⁻¹ K⁻¹). Unlike standard enthalpies of formation, the value of S is an absolute. That is, an element in its standard state has a nonzero value of S at room temperature. -- QUDT
JoulePerMoleKelvin
Joule per Mole Kelvin
Process for removing unwanted residual or waste material from a given product or material
Cleaning
Measurement of energy in a thermodynamic system.
Enthalpy
0.001-fold of the SI derived unit coulomb divided by the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT
Millicoulomb Per Kilogram
"Coulomb per Meter" is a unit for 'Electric Charge Line Density' expressed as C/m. -- QUDT
CoulombPerMetre
Coulomb per Metre
A characteriser that declares a property for an object through the specific interaction required by the property definition.
Observer
Kelvin square metres per kilogram and second.
The class of units with dimensionality 'TemperatureAreaPerMassTime'.
TemperatureAreaPerMassTimeUnit
0.000000001-fold of the SI derived unit tesla -- QUDT
The symbol that stands for the cerium atom.
CeriumSymbol
DebyeTemperature
Thermodynamic temperature is the absolute measure of temperature. It is defined by the third law of thermodynamics in which the theoretically lowest temperature is the null or zero point.
ThermodynamicTemperature
Temperature
Antimatter is matter that is composed only of the antiparticles of those that constitute ordinary matter.
This branch is not expanded due to the limited use of such entities.
AntiMatter
Thickness of the attenuating layer that reduces the quantity of interest of a unidirectional beam of infinitesimal width to half of its initial value.
HalfValueThickness
Physical constants are categorised into "exact" and measured constants. With "exact" constants, we refer to physical constants that have an exact numerical value after the revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019.
PhysicalConstant
DisjointUnionOf: MeasuredConstant, ExactConstant
A chausal path whose quantum parts belongs to at least two different standard model fundamental types.
An multi-particle path is a causal path of quantum entities of different type, following the causal connection between an initial quantum up to the final one, regardless on the fact that causality is passing through elementary particles of different types. For example, a path starting from an elementary photon, then through the electron with which it scatter, and then trough a positron with which the electron collides.
MultiParticlePath
"Cubic Coulomb Meter per Square Joule" is a unit for 'Cubic Electric Dipole Moment Per Square Energy' expressed as C³ m³ J⁻². -- QUDT
CubicCoulombMetrePerSquareJoule
Cubic Coulomb Metre per Square Joule
The class of units with dimensionality 'CubicElectricChargeLengthPerSquareEnergy'.
CubicElectricChargeLengthPerSquareEnergyUnit
Atom subclass for silicon.
SiliconAtom
A mixed tiling in which a tile is the next of spatially connected tiles.
Gathering
The International Chemical Identifier (InChI) textual identifier proposed by IUPAC to provide a standard encoding for databases of molecular information.
InChI
A task that is a temporal tile of a workflow when there are no other activities taking place concurrently (i.e., no parallelism).
SerialTask
Data that can be decoded under a quantitative schema and also associated with a graphical number symbols.
NumericalData
DataByNumerical
Draw forming by drawing a workpiece through a tool opening that is narrowed in the drawing direction.
DrawForming
A non-SI metric unit of area defined as the square with 100-metre sides.
The customary metric unit of land area, equal to 100 ares. One hectare is a square hectometer, that is, the area of a square 100 meters on each side: exactly 10 000 square meters or approximately 107 639.1 square feet, 11 959.9 square yards, or 2.471 054 acres. -- QUDT
Hectare
Number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus.
MassNumber
in the free electron model, the Fermi energy divided by the Boltzmann constant
FermiTemperature
`Meter Kelvin` is a unit for 'Length Temperature' expressed as m K. -- QUDT
MetreKelvin
Metre Kelvin
SI base unit kilogram divided by the 0.001-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
Kilogram Per Millimetre
A manufacturing process in which metallic material is anodically dissolved under the influence of an electric current and an electrolyte solution. The current flow can be caused either by connection to an external current source or due to local element formation on the workpiece (etching).
SparkErosion
In geometrical optics, vergence describes the curvature of optical wavefronts.
Vergence
The dependent variable for which an equation has been written.
Unknown
Velocity, for the Navier-Stokes equation.
A DecaCoulomb is 10 C. -- QUDT
DecaCoulomb
A data that represents instants of time, marked with a particular time zone offset.
DateTimeStampData
EquivalentTo: hasDataValue some xsd:dateTimeStamp
A data that represents instants of time, optionally marked with a particular time zone offset.
DateTimeData
EquivalentTo: hasDataValue some xsd:dateTime
Charge number that an atom within a molecule would have if all the ligands were removed along with the electron pairs that were shared.
OxidationNumber
OxidationState
For a particle, electric charge q divided by elementary charge e.
The charge number of a particle may be presented as a superscript to the symbol of that particle, e.g. H+, He++, Al3+, Cl−, S=, N3−.
The charge number of an electrically charged particle can be positive or negative. The charge number of an electrically neutral particle is zero.
ChargeNumber
IonizationNumber
0.000000001-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
0.000001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the 0.0001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 -- QUDT
Milligram Per Square Centimetre
Widening is tensile forming to increase the circumference of a hollow body. A distinction is made between: Widening, bulging.
Widening
A liquid aerosol composed of water droplets in air or another gas.
Vapor
Atom subclass for tantalum.
TantalumAtom
The abstract notion of angle.
AngularMeasure
0,000 000 000 000 001-fold of the derived SI unit joule -- QUDT
A data representing an arbitrary precision decimal number.
DecimalData
EquivalentTo: hasDataValue some xsd:decimal
Mass of the contained water vapour per volume.
AbsoluteHumidity
A estimator that uses modelling to declare a property of an object (i.e. infer a property from other properties).
Modeller
Self-connected one-manyfold.
Circle
Number of all quantum states consistent with given energy, volume, and external fields.
MicrocanonicalPartitionFunction
The joule per mole (symbol: J· mol⁻¹) is an SI derived unit of energy per amount of material. Energy is measured in joules, and the amount of material is measured in moles. Physical quantities measured in J· mol⁻¹) usually describe quantities of energy transferred during phase transformations or chemical reactions. Division by the number of moles facilitates comparison between processes involving different quantities of material and between similar processes involving different types of materials. The meaning of such a quantity is always context-dependent and, particularly for chemical reactions, is dependent on the (possibly arbitrary) definition of a 'mole' for a particular process. -- QUDT
JoulePerMole
Joule per Mole
Vector quantity expressing the internal angular momentum of a particle or a particle system.
0.001-fold of the SI base unit ampere divided by the 0.001-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
Milliampere Per Millimetre
SI derived unit farad divided by the 1 000-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
FaradPerKiloMetre
Farad Per Kilometre
The symbol that stands for the copper atom.
CopperSymbol
"Centimeter per Second" is a C.G.S System unit for 'Linear Velocity' expressed as cm/s. -- QUDT
centimetre per second
0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit tesla -- QUDT
The integral over a time interval of the instantaneous power.
ActiveEnergy
Energy to be added to or removed from a system under constant temperature and pressure to undergo a complete phase transition.
LatentHeatOfPhaseTransition
Heat released or absorbed energy during a constant-temperature process.
LatentHeat
0.000001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the 0.001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT
Milligram Per Gram
A coded classified by whether it is determined subjectively or objectively.
CodedBySubjectivity
The symbol that stands for the scandium atom.
ScandiumSymbol
The corresponding Celsius temperature is denoted td and is also called dew point.
Thermodynamic temperature at which vapour in air reaches saturation.
DewPointTemperature
Quotient of tangential and normal component of the force applied to a body which is rolling at constant speed over a surface.
RollingResistanceFactor
SI unit for force.
The "Newton" is the SI unit of force. A force of one newton will accelerate a mass of one kilogram at the rate of one meter per second per second. The newton is named for Isaac Newton (1642-1727), the British mathematician, physicist, and natural philosopher. He was the first person to understand clearly the relationship between force (F), mass (m), and acceleration (a) expressed by the formula F = m·a. -- QUDT
Newton
Chemical Abstact Service registry number for a chemical substance from the American Chemical Society
CASRN
Ratio of the absolute value of the mutual permeance related to two circuit elements to the geometric average of their self-permeances.
CouplingFactor
InductiveCouplingFactor
Atom subclass for nitrogen.
NitrogenAtom
Force resisting the motion when a body (such as a ball, tire, or wheel) rolls on a surface.
RollingResistance
RollingDrag
RollingFrictionForce
Quotient of the Planck constant and the product of the mass of the particle and the speed of light in vacuum.
ComptonWavelength
The class of units with dimensionality 'SquarePressureTime'.
SquarePressureTimeUnit
Critical thermodynamic temperature of a ferromagnet.
CurieTemperature
MentalAgent
product of the SI base unit kilogram and the 0 0001fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 -- QUDT
Kilogram Square Centimetre
ChemicalMaterial
The magnetic flux density for disappearance of superconductivity in a type I superconductor.
ThermodynamicCriticalMagneticFluxDensity
Often denoted B.
Strength of the magnetic field.
MagneticFluxDensity
MagneticInduction
For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for disappearance of bulk superconductivity.
UpperCriticalMagneticFluxDensity
For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for magnetic flux entering the superconductor.
LowerCriticalMagneticFluxDensity
Even though torque has the same physical dimension as energy, it is not of the same kind and can not be measured with energy units like joule or electron volt.
The effectiveness of a force to produce rotation about an axis, measured by the product of the force and the perpendicular distance from the line of action of the force to the axis.
Torque
An aerosol composed of fine solid particles in air or another gas.
SolidAerosol
One part per 10**18 by mass of the measurand in the matrix. -- QUDT
Femtograms per kilogram
Electric conductivity of an electrolyte.
ElectrolyticConductivity
reciprocal of the 0.01-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
PerCentiMetre
ReciprocalCentimetre
ChemicallyDefinedMaterial
1 000-fold of the SI derived unit joule divided by the SI base unit kelvin -- QUDT
Kilojoule Per Kelvin
The superclass for all classes of entities that have a proper parts of the same type φ of the whole, and so that for every two distinct φ proper parts one is not part of the other.
NonConvergent
0.000000000001-fold of the SI derived unit watt -- QUDT
Newton seconds measured per radian -- QUDT
Newton seconds per radian
0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit henry divided by the 1,000-fold of the SI derived unit ohm -- QUDT
Microhenry Per Kiloohm
An 'equation' that has parts two 'polynomial'-s
AlgebraicEquation
2 * a - b = c
1 000-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre by exponent 3 -- QUDT
CubicDecaMetre
Cubic Decametre
Kilograms per metre per square second
A construction language used to write configuration files.
ConfigurationLanguage
.ini files
Files in the standard .config directory on Unix systems.
100-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
1,000,000-fold of the SI derived unit newton -- QUDT
A program aimed to provide a specific high level function to the user, usually hiding lower level procedures.
ApplicationProgram
App
Application
Word processors, graphic image processing programs, database management systems, numerical simulation software and games.
0.000001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 -- QUDT
Milligram Per Square Metre
Coupled
A material that takes active part in a chemical reaction.
ReactiveMaterial
The symbol that stands for the berkelium atom.
BerkeliumSymbol
The symbol that stands for the moscovium atom.
MoscoviumSymbol
0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit coulomb divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT
MicroCoulombPerCubicMetre
Microcoulomb Per Cubic Metre
The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the area.
SurfaceDensityOfElectricCharge
AreicElectricCharge
SurfaceChargeDensity
Vector quantity equal to the time derivative of the electric flux density.
DisplacementCurrentDensity
Atom subclass for aluminium.
AluminiumAtom
Product of the number density na of the atoms and the cross section σ_tot for a given type of atoms.
VolumicTotalCrossSection
MacroscopicTotalCrossSection
The equals symbol.
Equals
Second per metre.
1 000-fold of the SI derived unit becquerel -- QUDT
Count per volume.
VolumetricNumberDensity
0.001-fold of the SI derived unit gray -- QUDT
z component of the diagonalized tensor of nuclear quadrupole moment, in the quantum state with the nuclear spin in the field direction (z).
NuclearQuadrupoleMoment
A measurement of luminous efficacy, which is the light output in lumens using one watt of electricity. -- QUDT
LumenPerWatt
Lumen per Watt
A process which is an holistic spatial part of a process.
In the EMMO the relation of participation to a process falls under mereotopology. Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world object to participate to a process is to be a part of it.
SubProcess
Breathing is a subprocess of living for a human being.
Atom subclass for barium.
BariumAtom
Metre per Kelvin.
MetrePerKelvin
The symbol that stands for the platinum atom.
PlatinumSymbol
A declaration that provides a sign for an object that is independent from any assignment rule.
Naming
A unique id attached to an entity.
1/12 of the mass of an atom of the nuclide 12C in the ground state at rest.
1 000 000 000-fold of the SI derived unit pascal -- QUDT
SI unit for luminous flux.
The SI unit for measuring the flux of light being produced by a light source or received by a surface. The intensity of a light source is measured in candelas. One lumen represents the total flux of light emitted, equal to the intensity in candelas multiplied by the solid angle in steradians into which the light is emitted. A full sphere has a solid angle of 4·π steradians. A light source that uniformly radiates one candela in all directions has a total luminous flux of 1 cd·4π sr = 4π cd·sr ≈ 12.57 lumens. "Lumen" is a Latin word for light. -- QUDT
Lumen
Average distance that electrons travel between two successive interactions.
MeanFreePathOfElectrons
An uncharged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus.
Neutron
0,000 01-fold of the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT
Nanometer Per Millimeter Megapascal
The symbol that stands for the tin atom.
TinSymbol
Square Metres per second is the SI derived unit of angular momentum, defined by distance or displacement in metres multiplied by distance again in metres and divided by time in seconds. The unit is written in symbols as m2/s or m2u00b7s-1 or m2s-1. It may be better understood when phrased as "metres per second times metres", i.e. the momentum of an object with respect to a position. -- QUDT
SquareMetrePerSecond
Square Metre per Second
A computer language that is domain-independent and can be used for expressing data from any kind of discipline.
DataExchangeLanguage
JSON, YAML, XML
SI derived unit pascal divided by the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
PascalPerMetre
Pascal Per Metre
A language construct that provides information about the consitutents of a substance and their fractions or amounts.
ChemicalComposition
ChemicalSymbolicConstruct
Service
IntangibleProduct
SI derived unit henry divided by the SI derived unit ohm -- QUDT
HenryPerOhm
Henry Per Ohm
Joining process by softening the surfaces to be joined, either by heat or with a solvent (swelling welding, solvent welding), and pressing the softened surfaces together.
Welding
Vector k in the expression ω t−k⋅r+ϑ0 of the phase of a sinusoidal wave.
WaveVector
The charge of an electron.
The negative of ElementaryCharge.
ElectronCharge
A data representing 32-bit non-negative integer number, 0...4294967295.
UnsignedIntData
EquivalentTo: hasDataValue some xsd:unsignedInt
machining with a circular cutting movement in which the axis of rotation of the tool and the axis of the internal surface to be produced are identical and the feed movement is in the direction of this axis. The axis of rotation of the cutting movement maintains its position relative to the workpiece independently of the feed movement (axis of rotation workpiece-bound).
Drilling
Factor by which the intensity of a diffraction line is reduced because of the lattice vibrations.
DebyeWallerFactor
The symbol that stands for the fermium atom.
FermiumSymbol
A unit associated with area moments of inertia. -- QUDT
QuarticMetre
Quartic Metre
constituent of the interaction energy between the spins of adjacent electrons in matter arising from the overlap of electron state functions
ExchangeIntegral
A data representing an integer number <= 0.
NonPositiveIntegerData
EquivalentTo: hasDataValue some xsd:nonPositiveInteger
Cubic micrometre per cubic metre unit.
CubicMicroMetrePerCubicMetre
`Watt Per Square Meter Per Kelvin `(W m⁻² K⁻¹) is a unit in the category of Thermal heat transfer coefficient. It is also known as watt/square meter-kelvin. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Watt Per Square Meter Per Kelvin (W m⁻² K⁻¹) has a dimension of MT⁻¹Q⁻¹ where M is mass, T is time, and Q is temperature. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT
WattPerSquareMetreKelvin
Watt per Square Metre Kelvin
The class of units with dimensionality 'ThermalTransmittance'.
ThermalTransmittanceUnit
At a point on the surface separating two media with different thermodynamic temperatures, magnitude of the density of heat flow rate φ divided by the absolute value of temperature difference ΔT.
CoefficientOfHeatTransfer
ThermalTransmittance
The symbol that stands for the neodymium atom.
NeodymiumSymbol
ElectricCurrentPhasor
Atom subclass for thallium.
ThalliumAtom
Surface density of electric charge multiplied by velocity
LinearElectricCurrentDensity
An 'interpreter' that perceives another 'entity' (the 'object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'property' (the 'sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception.
Determiner
A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource.
URI = scheme ":" ["//" authority] path ["?" query] ["#" fragment]
URI
0.000000001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT
Microgram Per Cubic Metre
NameData
Metre per second is an SI derived unit of both speed (scalar) and velocity (vector quantity which specifies both magnitude and a specific direction), defined by distance in metres divided by time in seconds. The official SI symbolic abbreviation is mu00b7s-1, or equivalently either m/s. -- QUDT
MetrePerSecond
Kilograms per square metre per Pascal per second
A vector quantity equal to the product of the current, the loop area, and the unit vector normal to the loop plane, the direction of which corresponds to the loop orientation
MagneticMoment
MagneticAreaMoment
Number of particles per time and area crossing a surface.
ParticleCurrentDensity
Atom subclass for astatine.
AstatineAtom
Atom subclass for cerium.
CeriumAtom
A path is a string of characters used to uniquely identify a location in a directory structure according to a particular convention.
Path
/etc/fstab (UNIX-like path) C:\\Users\\John\\Desktop (DOS-like path)
The symbol that stands for the niobium atom.
NiobiumSymbol
NanoSiemens
Scalar potential of an irrotational magnetic field strength.
ScalarMagneticPotential
Sum of energies deposited by ionizing radiation in a given volume.
EnergyImparted
The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricMobility'.
ElectricMobilityUnit
product of the derived SI unit newton and the SI base unit metre divided by the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT
Newton Metre Per Kilogram
Becquerels second per cubic metre.
Hypothetical pressure of gas if it alone occupied the volume of the mixture at the same temperature.
PartialPressure
Sum of electric current and displacement current
TotalCurrent
Square degree Celsius per second.
The class of units with dimensionality 'SquareTemperaturePerTime'.
SquareTemperaturePerTimeUnit
A coarse dispersion of gas in a solid continuum phase.
SolidGasSuspension
Quotient of the product of the electric charge of a particle and the magnitude of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic field, and the particle mass.
CyclotronAngularFrequency
A unit of mass per area, equivalent to 0.01 grammes per square metre -- QUDT
Microgram per square centimetre
Coefficient of heat transfer when heat exchange takes place between a body at thermodynamic temperature Ts and its surroundings that are at a reference temperature Tr.
SurfaceCoefficientOfHeatTransfer
Per Second Square Meter Steradian is a denominator unit with dimensions /sec-m²-sr. -- QUDT
PerSecondSquareMetreSteradian
ReciprocalSecondSquareMetreSteradian
1,000,000-fold of the SI derived unit volt divided by the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
Megavolt Per Metre
This is the SI unit for the rolling resistance, which is equivalent to drag force in newton -- QUDT
NewtonMetrePerMetre
Newton metre per metre
A conventional that provides no possibility to infer the characteristics of the object to which it refers.
Uncoded
A random generated id for a product.
AmorphousMaterial
NonCrystallineMaterial
MaterialByStructure
FormingFromGas
FORTRAN
Atom subclass for darmastadtium.
DarmastadtiumAtom
Change of phase angle with the length along the path travelled by a plane wave.
The imaginary part of the propagation coefficient.
PhaseCoefficient
PhaseChangeCoefficient
The symbol that stands for the phosphorus atom.
PhosphorusSymbol
The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricCurrentPerTemperature'.
ElectricCurrentPerTemperatureUnit
Moles per square metre per second per metre per steradian.
unit of the imbalance as product of the 0.001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram and the 0.001-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
Gram Millimetre
The class of units with dimensionality 'LengthMass'.
LengthMassUnit
0.000000000001-fold of the SI base unit second -- QUDT
0.000000000001-fold of the unit litre -- QUDT
Measure of the tendency of a solution to take in pure solvent by osmosis.
OsmoticPressure
A workflow whose tasks are tiles of a sequence.
SerialWorkflow
derived SI unit newton divided by the 0.0001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre by exponent 2 -- QUDT
NewtonPerSquareCentiMetre
Newton Per Square Centimetre
A coarse dispersion of solid in a gas continuum phase.
GasSolidSuspension
Dust, sand storm.
The molar volume, symbol Vm, is the volume occupied by one mole of a substance (chemical element or chemical compound) at a given temperature and pressure. It is equal to the molar mass (M) divided by the mass density. It has the SI unit cubic metres per mole m3/mol, although it is more practical to use the units cubic decimetres per mole dm3/mol for gases and cubic centimetres per mole cm3/mol for liquids and solids. -- QUDT
CubicMetrePerMole
Cubic Metre per Mole
A computation that provides a data output following the elaboration of some input data, using a data processing application.
DataProcessing
A dose quantity used in the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) system of radiological protection.
DoseEquivalent
0.000001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 -- QUDT
Square Millimetre
Microvolt Per Metre
MetallicMaterial
A command must be interpretable by the computer system.
An instruction to a computer system to perform a given task.
Command
From a bash shell would e.g. `ls` be a command. Another example of a shell command would be `/path/to/executable arg1 arg2`.
Commands are typically performed from a shell or a shell script, but not limited to them.
The symbol that stands for the nihonium atom.
NihoniumSymbol
NanoBecquerel
A mapping that acts on elements of one space and produces elements of another space.
MathematicalOperator
The algebraic operator '+' that acts on two real numbers and produces one real number.
The differential operator that acts on a C1 real function and produces another real function.
Hexadecimal encoding of binary data, using the alphabet [0-9a-f].
HexBinaryData
EquivalentTo: hasDataValue some xsd:hexBinary
The symbol that stands for the francium atom.
FranciumSymbol
The class of units with dimensionality 'TemperaturePerPressure'.
TemperaturePerPressureUnit
An interpreter who assigns a name to an object without any motivations related to the object characters.
Namer
0,001fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT
GramPerSecond
Gram Per Second
Atomic number (proton number) plus neutron number equals mass number.
Number of neutrons in an atomic nucleus.
NeutronNumber
The symbol that stands for the chromium atom.
ChromiumSymbol
Atom subclass for phosphorus.
PhosphorusAtom
Atom subclass for francium.
FranciumAtom
Atom subclass for seaborgium.
SeaborgiumAtom
ProductionEngineering
Deals with entities that have a undefined shape. Undefined means that the actual shape of the entity that is produced is not relevant for the definition of the process. In fact, everything has a shape, but in process engineering this is not relevant. e.g. the fact that steel comes in sheets is not relevant for the definition of steel material generated in a steel-making process.
ProcessEngineeringProcess
Division
product out of the 1,000,000-fold of the SI derived unit pascal and the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT
Megapascal Cubic Metre Per Second
1 000-fold of the product of the SI derived unit volt and the SI base unit ampere -- QUDT
Kilovolt Ampere
product of the SI derived unit newton and the SI base unit metre divided by the SI base unit ampere -- QUDT
NewtonMetrePerAmpere
Newton Metre Per Ampere
A device that is designed to participate to a manufacturing process.
ManufacturingDevice
An object which is instrumental for reaching a particular purpose through its characteristic functioning process, with particular reference to mechanical or electronic equipment.
Device
Equipment
Machine
The symbol that stands for the silicon atom.
SiliconSymbol
A 'Graphical' that stands for a real world object that shows a recognizable pictorial pattern without being necessarily associated to a symbolic language.
Pictorial
A drawing of a cat. A circle on a paper sheet. The Mona Lisa.
"In the name “amount of substance”, the word “substance” will typically be replaced by words to specify the substance concerned in any particular application, for example “amount of hydrogen chloride, HCl”, or “amount of benzene, C6H6 ”. It is important to give a precise definition of the entity involved (as emphasized in the definition of the mole); this should preferably be done by specifying the molecular chemical formula of the material involved. Although the word “amount” has a more general dictionary definition, the abbreviation of the full name “amount of substance” to “amount” may be used for brevity." -- SI Brochure
The number of elementary entities present.
AmountOfSubstance
Time derivative of exposure.
ExposureRate
The inverse measure of joule-per-ampere or weber. The measure for the reciprical of magnetic flux. -- QUDT
AmperePerJoule
Ampere per Joule
The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricCurrentPerUnitEnergy'.
ElectricCurrentPerUnitEnergyUnit
"Radian per Second" is the SI unit of rotational speed (angular velocity), and, also the unit of angular frequency. The radian per second is defined as the change in the orientation of an object, in radians, every second. -- QUDT
RadianPerSecond
radian per second
The second, symbol s, is the SI unit of time. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the caesium frequency ∆νCs, the unperturbed ground-state hyperfine transition frequency of the caesium 133 atom, to be 9192631770 when expressed in the unit Hz, which is equal to s−1.
Second
KiloCoulomb
Per Square Kilogram is a denominator unit with dimensions /kg². -- QUDT
ReciprocalSquareKilogram
The class of units with dimensionality 'InverseSquareMass'.
InverseSquareMassUnit
Reciprocal of the coefficient of heat transfer.
ThermalInsulance
CoefficientOfThermalInsulance
Quantity characterising the relative variation of volume with pressure at constant thermodynamic temperature.
IsothermalCompressibility
Atom subclass for rutherfordium.
RutherfordiumAtom
Expectation value of the energy imparted.
MeanEnergyImparted
Atom subclass for promethium.
PromethiumAtom
At a point fixed in a medium with a temperature field, scalar quantity λ characterizing the ability of the medium to transmit heat through a surface element containing that point: φ = −λ grad T, where φ is the density of heat flow rate and T is thermodynamic temperature.
In an anisotropic medium, thermal conductivity is a tensor quantity.
ThermalConductivity
Cubic metre per kilogram and square second.
Type of thermodynamic potential; useful for calculating reversible work in certain systems.
GibbsEnergy
GibbsFreeEnergy
0.000001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 divided by the SI base unit second -- QUDT
Square Millimetre Per Second
The "microfarad" (symbolized μ F) is a unit of capacitance, equivalent to 0.000001 (10 to the -6th power) farad. The microfarad is a moderate unit of capacitance. In utility alternating-current (AC) and audio-frequency (AF) circuits, capacitors with values on the order of 1 μ F or more are common. At radio frequencies (RF), a smaller unit, the picofarad (pF), is often used. -- QUDT
microfarad
One-sixth of the mean square distance between the point where a neutron enters a specified class and the point where it leaves this class.
DiffusionArea
The symbol that stands for the barium atom.
BariumSymbol
Superclass for all units prefixed with "yocto" (1e-24).
YoctoPrefixedUnit
Atom subclass for zinc.
ZincAtom
MesoscopicSubstance
SI prefix who's value is 1e30.
Quetta
The joule-second is a unit equal to a joule multiplied by a second, used to measure action or angular momentum. The joule-second is the unit used for Planck's constant. -- QUDT
JouleSecond
Joule Second
For ionizing uncharged particles of a given type and energy, the differential quotient of Rtr with respect to l. Where Rtr is the mean energy that is transferred to kinetic energy of charged particles by interactions of the uncharged particles of incident radiant energy R in traversing a distance l in the material of density rho, divided by rho and R
MassEnergyTransferCoefficient
Degree Celsius per metre unit.
A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of continuum volume.
ContinuumModel
Becquerel per square metre.
BecquerelPerSquareMetre
Millimoles per mole
ProceduralAgent
`Joule per Cubic Meter Kelvin` is a unit for 'Volumetric Heat Capacity' expressed as J/(m³ K). -- QUDT
JoulePerCubicMetreKelvin
Joule per Cubic Metre Kelvin
0.001-fold of the product of the SI derived unit newton and the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
Millinewton Metre
`Ampere per Radian` is a derived unit for measuring the amount of current per unit measure of angle, expressed in ampere per radian. -- QUDT
AmperePerRadian
Ampere per Radian
DieCasting
PorcelainOrCeramicCasting
The symbol that stands for the roentgenium atom.
RoentgeniumSymbol
Number of protons in an atomic nucleus.
AtomicNumber
Quotient of dynamic viscosity and mass density of a fluid.
KinematicViscosity
Atom subclass for molybdenum.
MolybdenumAtom
Distance, where one point is located on an axis or within a closed non self-intersecting curve or surface.
RadialDistance
An intentional agency caused by the agent’s mental states and events.
Mental states are strictly connected to the definition of mind, which is traditionally connected to high cognitive skills, such as the one provided by human beings brains.
MentalAgency
Relative change of pressure with temperature at constant volume.
RelativePressureCoefficient
Change of pressure per change of temperature at constant volume.
PressureCoefficient
The symbol that stands for the iron atom.
IronSymbol
"Megahertz" is a C.G.S System unit for 'Frequency' expressed as MHz. -- QUDT
Presses
Particles composed of two or more quarks.
Hadron
SI derived unit henry divided by the 1 000-fold of the SI derived unit ohm -- QUDT
HenryPerKiloOhm
Henry Per Kiloohm
"Quantity, in a system of quantities, defined in terms of the base quantities of that system".
DerivedQuantity
derived quantity
PhysicalQuantiyByDefinition
"Quantity in a conventionally chosen subset of a given system of quantities, where no quantity in the subset can be expressed in terms of the other quantities within that subset" ISO 80000-1
BaseQuantity
base quantity
Differential quotient of the cross section for a process and the energy of the scattered particle.
EnergyDistributionOfCrossSection
A coarse dispersion of gas in a liquid continuum phase.
LiquidGasSuspension
Sparkling water
Enthalpy per unit mass.
SpecificEnthalpy
1 000-fold of the SI base unit ampere divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 -- QUDT
Kiloampere Per Square Metre
Product of force and displacement.
Data that are non-quantitatively interpreted (e.g., qualitative data, types).
NonNumericalData
Heat is energy in transfer to or from a thermodynamic system, by mechanisms other than thermodynamic work or transfer of matter.
Heat
The symbol that stands for the polonium atom.
PoloniumSymbol
Electric polarization divided by electric constant and electric field strength.
ElectricSusceptibility
`Square Meter Kelvin per Watt` is a unit for 'Thermal Insulance' expressed as (K²)m/W. -- QUDT
SquareMetreKelvinPerWatt
Square Metre Kelvin per Watt
A data representing a date.
DateData
The class of units with dimensionality 'MassAmountOfSubstance'.
MassAmountOfSubstanceUnit
Atom subclass for dysprosium.
DysprosiumAtom
SI prefix who's value is 1e-6.
Micro
Second per radian and cubic metre unit.
SecondPerRadianCubicMetre
The symbol that stands for the iodine atom.
IodineSymbol
Atom subclass for iodine.
IodineAtom
The class of units with dimensionality 'ThermalResistance'.
ThermalResistanceUnit
A data representing a boolean number.
BooleanData
EquivalentTo: hasDataValue some xsd:boolean
Square metre and cubic Hertz.
1,000,000-fold of the derived unit ohm -- QUDT
PlasticModeling
For a closed path, scalar quantity equal to the electric current through any surface bounded by the path.
CurrentLinkage
Scalar quantity equal to the flux of the electric flux density D through a given directed surface S.
ElectricFlux
SI base unit kilogram divided by the 0.001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT
Kilogram Per Cubic Decimetre
Arctan of the loss factor
LossAngle
Non-SI prefixed units that have been accepted by SI to be used together with the SI system.
SIAcceptedPrefixedUnit
A data representing an integer number < 0.
NegativeIntegerData
EquivalentTo: hasDataValue some xsd:negativeInteger
A standard 2-manifold with no unconnected boundaries.
Sphere
A coarse dispersion of liquid in a liquid continuum phase.
LiquidLiquidSuspension
volume ratio consisting of the 0.000000001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT
CubicMilliMetrePerCubicMetre
Cubic Millimetre Per Cubic Metre
0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit watt divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 -- QUDT
Microwatt Per Square Metre
Joule Per Kelvin (J/K) is a unit in the category of Entropy. It is also known as joules per kelvin, joule/kelvin. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Joule Per Kelvin (J/K) has a dimension of ML²T⁻²Q⁻¹ where M is mass, L is length, T is time, and Q is temperature. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT
JoulePerKelvin
Joule per Kelvin
Metre to the power of five.
QuinticMetre
Proportionality constant between the magnetic dipole moment and the angular momentum of the electron.
GyromagneticCoefficientOfTheElectron
MagnetogyricRatioOfTheElectron
Ratio of magnetic dipole moment to total angular momentum.
GyromagneticCoefficient
MagnetogyricRatio
The frequency standard in the SI system in which the photon absorption by transitions between the two hyperfine ground states of caesium-133 atoms are used to control the output frequency. It defines the base unit second in the SI system.
HyperfineTransitionFrequencyOfCs
NucleonNumber
Measure of the change of amplitude and phase angle of a plane wave propagating in a given direction.
PropagationCoefficient
Atomic quantum number related to the number n−1 of radial nodes of one-electron wave functions.
"Becquerel per Kilogram" is used to describe radioactivity, which is often expressed in becquerels per unit of volume or weight, to express how much radioactive material is contained in a sample. -- QUDT
Becquerel per Kilogram
FemtoMole
`Per Second Square Meter` is a measure of flux with dimensions /sec-m². -- QUDT
PerSecondSquareMetre
ReciprocalSecondSquareMetre
Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two pressures.
PressureFractionUnit
The symbol that stands for the boron atom.
BoronSymbol
Flanging
Kilogram metre.
MetreKilogram
SI derived unit newton divided by the 0.001-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
NewtonPerMilliMetre
Newton Per Millimetre
Ratio of the number of dissociated molecules of a specified type to the total number of dissolved molecules of this type.
DissociationConstant
Per Weber unit.
PerWeber
ReciprocalWeber
Quotient of Peltier heat power developed at a junction, and the electric current flowing from substance a to substance b.
PeltierCoefficient
LiquidPhaseSintering
ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy liquid-phase sintering: sintering of a powder or compact containing at least two constituents, under conditions such that a liquid phase is formed
Measure of the opposition that a circuit presents to a current when a voltage is applied.
ElectricImpedance
E_0 = m_0 * c_0^2 where m_0 is the rest mass of that particle and c_0 is the speed of light in a vacuum.
Product of the rest mass and the square of the speed of light in vacuum.
Atom subclass for palladium.
PalladiumAtom
SI derived unit Siemens divided by the 0.01-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
Siemens Per Centimetre
A mixture in which more than one phases of matter cohexists.
Phase heterogeneous mixture may share the same state of matter. For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture whose phases are clearly separated but share the same state of matter.
PhaseHeterogeneousMixture
The symbol that stands for the darmastadtium atom.
DarmastadtiumSymbol
at a given point on a two-dimensional domain of quasi-infinitesimal area dA, scalar quantity equal to the mass dm within the domain divided by the area dA, thus ρA = dm/dA.
SurfaceMassDensity
AreicMass
SurfaceDensity
SI prefix who's value is 1e24.
Yotta
SI base unit ampere divided by the 0.01-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
AmperePerCentiMetre
Ampere Per Centimetre
A computational application that uses an empiric equation to predict the behaviour of a system without relying on the knowledge of the actual physical phenomena occurring in the object.
EmpiricalSimulationSoftware
Heat treatment process that generally produces martensite in the matrix.
Hardening
The class of units with dimensionality 'CapacitancePerLength'.
CapacitancePerLengthUnit
A FemtoCoulomb is 10⁻¹⁵ C. -- QUDT
FemtoCoulomb
`Joule Second per Mole` is a unit for 'Molar Angular Momentum' expressed as J s mol⁻¹. -- QUDT
JouleSecondPerMole
Joule Second per Mole
The class of units with dimensionality 'EnergyTimePerAmount'.
EnergyTimePerAmountUnit
0.000001-fold of the SI base unit mol divided by the 0.001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT
Micromoles per gram
"Square Centimeter Second" is a C.G.S System unit for 'Area Time' expressed as cm² . s. -- QUDT
Square Centimetre Second
0.001-fold of the SI derived unit newton -- QUDT
Although the sievert has the same dimensions as the gray (i.e. joules per kilogram), it measures a different quantity. To avoid any risk of confusion between the absorbed dose and the equivalent dose, the corresponding special units, namely the gray instead of the joule per kilogram for absorbed dose and the sievert instead of the joule per kilogram for the dose equivalent, should be used. 0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit sievert. -- QUDT
MicroSievert
RMS value voltage multiplied by rms value of electric current.
ApparentPower
(C/mol) is a unit in the category of Molar electric charge. It is also known as coulombs/mol. Coulomb Per Mol has a dimension of TN{-1}I where T is time, N is amount of substance, and I is electric current. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT
CoulombPerMole
Coulomb per Mole
The symbol that stands for the gadolinium atom.
GadoliniumSymbol
Atom subclass for fluorine.
FluorineAtom
A photometric measure of the luminous intensity per unit area of light travelling in a given direction.
Measured in cd/m². Not to confuse with Illuminance, which is measured in lux (cd sr/m²).
Luminance
SI base unit kilogram divided by the 1 000-fold of the SI base unit mol -- QUDT
KilogramPerKiloMole
Kilogram Per Kilomole
An objective comparative measure of hot or cold. Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature differences. Unlike ThermodynamicTemperature, it cannot express absolute temperatures.
CelsiusTemperature
Data that are decoded retaining its continuous variations characteristic.
The fact that there may be a finite granularity in the variations of the material basis (e.g. the smallest peak in a vynil that can be recognized by the piezo-electric transducer) does not prevent a data to be analog. It means only that the focus on such data encoding is on a scale that makes such variations negligible, making them practically a continuum.
AnalogData
A vynil contain continuous information about the recorded sound.
For metals, the resistivity extrapolated to zero thermodynamic temperature.
ResidualResistivity
Siemens square metre per mole.
SiemensSquareMetrePerMole
The class of units with dimensionality 'AmountConductivity'.
AmountConductivityUnit
CollectiveAgent
Mole Per Kilogram (mol/kg) is a unit of Molality -- QUDT
MolePerKilogram
Mole per Kilogram
Atom subclass for ruthenium.
RutheniumAtom
A measuring instrument that can be used alone is a measuring system.
Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary devices. -- VIM
MeasuringInstrument
measuring instrument
Ruby
Hectopascal is a unit of pressure. 1 Pa is approximately the pressure exerted by a 10-g mass resting on a 1-cm2 area. 1013 hPa = 1 atm. There are 100 pascals in 1 hectopascal. -- QUDT
KiloWeber
In an infinite medium, the quotient of the number of thermal neutrons absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified, and the total number of thermal neutrons absorbed.
ThermalUtilizationFactor
Energy of the electron in a hydrogen atom in its ground state
The symbol that stands for the copernicium atom.
CoperniciumSymbol
StaticFrictionCoefficient
CoefficientOfStaticFriction
StaticFrictionFactor
Vector whose scalar products with all fundamental lattice vectors are integral multiples of 2pi.
AngularReciprocalLatticeVector
A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in another continuous solid.
SolidSol
Newton per cubic metre.
Kilogram Per Meter (kg/m) is a unit in the category of Linear mass density. It is also known as kilogram/meter, kilogram/metre, kilograms per meter, kilogram per metre, kilograms per metre. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Kilogram Per Meter (kg/m) has a dimension of ML-1 where M is mass, and L is length. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT
Kilogram per Metre
Vector potential of the magnetic flux density.
MagneticVectorPotential
A computer language used to describe simulations.
SimulationLanguage
A kiloampere is 1000 A
KiloAmpere
kiloampere
0.000000000001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT
Nanogram Per Cubic Metre
"Per Cubic Meter" is a denominator unit with dimensions /m³. -- QUDT
PerCubicMetre
Reciprocal Cubic Metre
An expression that provides information about the element types that constiture a molecule or a molecular substance and their number.
MolecularFormula
A scientific theory is a description, objective and observed, produced with scientific methodology.
ScientificTheory
ChipboardManufacturing
Millimoles per square metre
IUPACName
The class of units with dimensionality 'AreaTimeTemperature'.
AreaTimeTemperatureUnit
Thermal resistance is a heat property and a measure of a temperature difference by which an object or material resists a heat flow (heat per time unit or thermal resistance). Thermal resistance is the reciprocal thermal conductance. Absolute thermal resistance is the temperature difference across a structure when a unit of heat energy flows through it in unit time. It is the reciprocal of thermal conductance. The SI units of thermal resistance are kelvins per watt or the equivalent degrees Celsius per watt (the two are the same since as intervals). -- QUDT
KelvinPerWatt
Kelvin per Watt
A milliwatt 0.01 N.
MilliWatt
milliwatt
0.001-fold of the SI derived unit sievert -- QUDT
The class of units with dimensionality 'PowerPerAreaVolume'.
PowerPerAreaVolumeUnit
The symbol that stands for the rhenium atom.
RheniumSymbol
0,001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the 0.0001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre and exponent 2 -- QUDT
Gram Per Square Centimetre
microampere
0.000001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT
Vector quantity equal to the product of the magnetization M and the magnetic constant μ0.
MagneticPolarisation
1,000,000-fold of the SI derived unit siemens divided by the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
Megasiemens Per Metre
Atom subclass for gallium.
GalliumAtom
The symbol that stands for the thulium atom.
ThuliumSymbol
In nuclear physics, incident radiant energy per cross-sectional area.
EnergyFluence
The rest mass of an electron.
ElectronMass
SI base unit kilogram divided by the product of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 and the SI base unit second -- QUDT
Kilogram Per Second Per Square Metre
Smoke is a solid aerosol made of particles emitted when a material undergoes combustion or pyrolysis.
Smoke
0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit ohm -- QUDT
The symbol that stands for the holmium atom.
HolmiumSymbol
Kilogram Per Square Meter (kg/m2) is a unit in the category of Surface density. It is also known as kilograms per square meter, kilogram per square metre, kilograms per square metre, kilogram/square meter, kilogram/square metre. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Kilogram Per Square Meter (kg/m2) has a dimension of ML-2 where M is mass, and L is length. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT
Kilogram per Square Metre
The class of units with dimensionality 'LengthTimeCurrent'.
LengthTimeCurrentUnit
The DBpedia and UIPAC Gold Book definitions (http://dbpedia.org/page/Vacuum_permeability, https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04504) are outdated since May 20, 2019. It is now a measured constant.
The value of magnetic permeability in a classical vacuum.
VacuumMagneticPermeability
A YoctoCoulomb is 10⁻²⁴ C. -- QUDT
YoctoCoulomb
The symbol that stands for the nickel atom.
NickelSymbol
A customary logarithmic measure most commonly used (in various ways) for measuring sound.Sound is measured on a logarithmic scale. Informally, if one sound is 1 bel (10 decibels) "louder" than another, this means the louder sound is 10 times louder than the fainter one. A difference of 20 decibels corresponds to an increase of 10 x 10 or 100 times in intensity. The beginning of the scale, 0 decibels, can be set in different ways, depending on exactly the aspect of sound being measured. For sound intensity (the power of the sound waves per unit of area) 0 decibel is equal to 1 picoWatts per Metre Squared. This corresponds approximately to the faintest sound that can be detected by a person who has good hearing. For sound pressure (the pressure exerted by the sound waves) 0 decibels equals 20 micropascals RMS, and for sound power 0 decibels sometimes equals 1 picoWatt. In all cases, one decibel equals ≈ 0.115129 neper. -- QUDT
The class of units with dimensionality 'JosephsonConstant'.
JosephsonConstantUnit
A positive charged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus.
Proton
Measure of voltage induced by change of temperature.
SeebeckCoefficient
A process that has no identifiable agent driving its occurence.
SpontaneousProcess
The symbol that stands for the einsteinium atom.
EinsteiniumSymbol
Atom subclass for argon.
ArgonAtom
A foam of trapped gas in a solid.
SolidFoam
Aerogel
SI prefix who's value is 1e12.
Tera
0.000000001-fold of the SI derived unit farad divided by the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
Nanofarad Per Metre
In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion in equilibrium.
EquilibriumPositionVector
Per metre and steradian.
PerMetreSteradian
ReciprocalMetreSteradian
product of the 1 000-fold of the SI derived unit hertz and the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
Kilohertz Metre
Kelvin Pascal per second.
InspectionDevice
The symbol that stands for the lanthanum atom.
LanthanumSymbol
The SI unit of volume, equal to 1.0e6 cm3, 1000 liters, 35.3147 ft3, or 1.30795 yd3. A cubic meter holds about 264.17 U.S. liquid gallons or 219.99 British Imperial gallons. -- QUDT
CubicMetre
The simplest 2-manifold with genus 1.
Torus
0.000001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
Milligram Per Metre
0.001-fold of the SI derived unit newton divided by the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
Millinewton Per Metre
In nuclear physics, quotient of the reduced Planck constant and the mean duration of life of an unstable particle or an excited state.
LevelWidth
Ratio of transverse strain to axial strain.
PoissonNumber
PoissonsRatio
quotient of the amount of substance nB of solute B by the mass m of the solvent: bB = nB / m.
Molality
AmountPerMass
An AttoColomb is 10⁻¹⁸ C. -- QUDT
AttoCoulomb
Atom subclass for arsenic.
ArsenicAtom
Continuous or stepwise pressure forming with one or more rotating tools (rollers), without or with additional tools, e.g. plugs or mandrels, rods, guide tools
Rolling
0.000001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT
Milligram Per Cubic Metre
Quotient of the mean rate of production of particles in a volume, and that volume.
ParticleSourceDensity
The symbol that stands for the mendelevium atom.
MendeleviumSymbol
Radius of the electron orbital in the hydrogen atom in its ground state in the Bohr model of the atom.
MaterialRelationComputation
0,000 000 000 000 000 001-fold of the derived SI unit joule -- QUDT
Square root of the migration area, M^2.
MigrationLength
Quantity of dimension 1 equal to u/(1 + u), where u is mass ratio of water to dry matter.
MassFractionOfWater
Mass of a constituent divided by the total mass of all constituents in the mixture.
MassFraction
Newton metre seconds measured per radian -- QUDT
Newton metre seconds per radian
PermanentLiquidPhaseSintering
Process for joining two (base) materials by means of an adhesive polymer material
Gluing
The SI derived unit for inductance is the henry. 1 henry is equal to 1000000 microhenry. -- QUDT
Extent of an object in space.
Volume
DataByNature
Quantum number of an atom describing the inclination of the nuclear spin with respect to a quantization axis given by the magnetic field produced by the orbital electrons.
Heat capacity at constant pressure.
IsobaricHeatCapacity
HeatCapacityAtConstantPressure
Quantity wd = 1 − wH2O, where wH2O is mass fraction of water.
MassFractionOfDryMatter
Atom subclass for lanthanum.
LanthanumAtom
An elementary charged fermionic particle that belongs to the first generation of the lepton particle family.
ElementaryElectron
Picomoles per kilogram
Millimoles per cubic metre
The symbol that stands for the nobelium atom.
NobeliumSymbol
The amount of a constituent divided by the total amount of all constituents in a mixture.
AmountFraction
A structured collection of data held in a computer system that has a well-defined interface.
Database
- A database covering nine million chemical compositions. - A thermodynamic database.
Atom subclass for scandium.
ScandiumAtom
unit with the name Degree Celsius divided by the SI base unit kelvin -- QUDT
DegreeCelsiusPerKelvin
Degree Celsius Per Kelvin
Factor taking into account health effects in the determination of the dose equivalent.
DoseEquivalentQualityFactor
`Degree Celsius per Second` is a unit for 'Temperature Per Time' expressed as degC / s. -- QUDT
DegreeCelsiusPerSecond
Degree Celsius per Second
Describes the effect that changing the volume of a crystal lattice has on its vibrational properties, and, as a consequence, the effect that changing temperature has on the size or dynamics of the lattice.
GrueneisenParamter
A 10**15 part quantity of substance of the measurand per kilogram mass of matrix. -- QUDT
Femtomoles per kilogram
A constitutive process is a process that is holistically relevant for the definition of the whole.
A process which is an holistic spatial part of an object.
ConstitutiveProcess
Blood circulation in a human body.
A 2-manifold with one unconnected boundary and one "face".
MobiusStrip
Number of holes in valence band per volume.
HoleDensity
Atom subclass for praseodymium.
PraseodymiumAtom
Atom subclass for krypton.
KryptonAtom
Resonance in a nuclear reaction, determined by the kinetic energy of an incident particle in the reference frame of the target particle.
ResonanceEnergy
Atom subclass for yttrium.
YttriumAtom
Square metre per Hertz.
milliradian
A boson with spin of 1 that carries electromagnetism.
ElementaryPhoton
`Gram Degree Celsius` is a C.G.S System unit for 'Mass Temperature' expressed as g · degC. -- QUDT
GramDegreeCelsius
Gram Degree Celsius
Moles per square metre and second and metre.
Dimensionless parameter to quantify fluid resistance.
DragCoefficient
DragFactor
The symbol that stands for the palladium atom.
PalladiumSymbol
Per Pascal and Second.
PerPascalSecond
The symbol that stands for the tantalum atom.
TantalumSymbol
ThermomechanicalTreatment
Nailing is joining by hammering or pressing nails (wire pins) as auxiliary parts into the solid material. Several parts are joined by pressing them together (from: DIN 8593 part 3/09.85).
Nailing
A tessellation of temporal slices.
TemporalSequence
Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle fluence rate.
DiffusionCoefficientForFluenceRate
A workflow can be seen as a direct acyclic graph, whose nodes are tasks and edges are asymmetric causal relations. A parallel graph occurs when the topological order of such graph if not unique, meaning that there is at least one portion of the workflow in which at least two tasks are running concurrently. Concurrent tasks may or may not communicate. Communication is represented as a symmetric causality relation, superimposing the direct acyclic graph structure of the workflow.
A workflow with some tasks running concurrently.
ParallelWorkflow
0.000001-fold of the SI derived unit siemens -- QUDT
Atom subclass for livermorium.
LivermoriumAtom
Joule per kilogram and Kelvin and cubic metre.
Difference between equilibrium and initial amount of a substance, divided by its stoichiometric number.
ExtentOfReaction
ProceduralData
A construction language used to make queries in databases and information systems.
QueryLanguage
SQL, SPARQL
SI unit of quantity of matter per SI unit area. -- QUDT
Moles per square metre
Magnetic tension divided by magnetic flux.
MagneticReluctance
Reluctance
Per steradian.
PerSteradian
ReciprocalSteradian
Number of turns in a winding.
NumberOfTurnsInAWinding
1,000,000-fold of the product of the SI derived unit newton and the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
Meganewton Metre
A 2-manifold with one unconnected boundary and two "faces".
Cylinder
Matter composed of both matter and antimatter fundamental particles.
HybridMatter
A suspension of fine particles in the atmosphere.
Dust
A function solution of a physics equation that provides a methods for the prediction of some quantitiative properties of an object.
This must be a mathematical function v(t), x(t). A dataset as solution is a conventional sign.
PhysicsEquationSolution
A parabolic function is a prediction of the trajectory of a falling object in a gravitational field. While it has predictive capabilities it lacks of an analogical character, since it does not show the law behind that trajectory.
Atom subclass for rhodium.
RhodiumAtom
The class of units with dimensionality 'MechanicalMobility'.
MechanicalMobilityUnit
TransferMolding
FiberboardManufacturing
A fluid in which a gas is ionized to a level where its electrical conductivity allows long-range electric and magnetic fields to dominate its behaviour.
Plasma
SI prefix who's value is 10.
Deca
Deka
Disintegrations per unit time dN/dt for an atomic nucleus divided by the number of nuclei N existing at the same time t.
DecayConstant
DisintegrationConstant
SI derived unit volt divided by the 0.000001-fold of the SI base unit second -- QUDT
Volt Per Microsecond
Atom subclass for sulfur.
SulfurAtom
SI prefix who's value is 1e-27.
Ronto
The symbol that stands for the selenium atom.
SeleniumSymbol
A measure used to express how a current is subject to temperature. Originally used in Wien's Law to describe phenomena related to filaments. One use today is to express how a current generator derates with temperature. -- QUDT
AmperePerDegreeCelsius
Ampere per Degree Celsius
FormingFromIonised
A language used to describe what a computer system should do.
SpecificationLanguage
ACSL, VDM, LOTUS, MML, ...
0.000000000001-fold of the SI derived unit pascal divided by the 1 000-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
Picopascal Per Kilometre
SquareCentiMetrePerGram
1,000,000-fold of the derived unit volt -- QUDT
The symbol that stands for the arsenic atom.
ArsenicSymbol
Ratio of specific heat capacity at constant pressure cp to specific heat capacity at constant volume cV, thus γ = cp/cV.
RatioOfSpecificHeatCapacities
`Kelvin per Second` is a unit for 'Temperature Per Time' expressed as K / s. -- QUDT
KelvinPerSecond
Kelvin per Second
A construct of two or more mathematical symbols.
MathematicalConstruct
Watt per square metre and nanometre.
Measure of how resistant to compressibility a substance is.
ModulusOfCompression
BulkModulus
Quotient of relative mass excess and the nucleon number.
PackingFraction
Kilogram Per Second (kg/s) is a unit in the category of Mass flow rate. It is also known as kilogram/second, kilograms per second. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Kilogram Per Second (kg/s) has a dimension of MT⁻¹ where M is mass, and T is time. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT
Kilogram per Second
A meson with spin two.
TensorMeson
The symbol that stands for the rubidium atom.
RubidiumSymbol
The class of units with dimensionality 'InversePermittivity'.
InversePermittivityUnit
Atom subclass for bohrium.
BohriumAtom
FunctionallyDefinedMaterial
Per square second.
PerSquareSecond
ReciprocalSquareSecond
A relation which makes a non-equal comparison between two numbers or other mathematical expressions.
Inequality
f(x) > 0
A mathematical string that express a relation between the elements in one set X to elements in another set Y.
The set X is called domain and the set Y range or codomain.
MathematicalFormula
Per Tesla Second Unit is a denominator unit with dimensions /s . T. -- QUDT
PerTeslaSecond
Per Tesla and Second unit.
Electric field strength multiplied by magnetic field strength.
PoyntingVector
Ngative quotient of Gibbs energy and temperature.
PlanckFunction
A metric measure of volume or capacity equal to a cube 1 millimeter on each edge -- QUDT
CubicMilliMetre
Cubic Millimetre
Foaming
Quantum number related to the total angular momentum, J, of a nucleus in any specified state, normally called nuclear spin.
Angular acceleration is the rate of change of angular velocity. In SI units, it is measured in radians per Square second (rad/s²), and is usually denoted by the Greek letter α. -- QUDT
RadianPerSquareSecond
Radian per Square Second
The symbol that stands for the thorium atom.
ThoriumSymbol
1 000 000-fold of the SI derived unit coulomb divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT
Megacoulomb Per Cubic Metre
Quotient of average drift speed imparted to a charged particle in a medium by an electric field, and the electric field strength.
Mobility
No loss or adds of parts by the components, nor merging. In assemblying parts are losing some of theirs movement degrees of freedom.
The act of connecting together the parts of something
Assemblying
In nuclear physics, the multiplication factor for an infinite medium.
InfiniteMultiplicationFactor
Somatosensory
The class of units with dimensionality 'ReciprocalAmountPerVolume'.
ReciprocalAmountPerVolumeUnit
TotalComposition
Machining with a circular cutting movement, usually associated with a multi-toothed tool, and with a feed movement perpendicular or oblique to the axis of rotation of the tool, to produce any workpiece surface.
Milling
A command language designed to be run by a command-line interpreter, like a Unix shell.
ShellScript
Atom subclass for chromium.
ChromiumAtom
SI prefix who's value is 1e-30.
Quecto
A continuum characterized by structural rigidity and resistance to changes of shape or volume, that retains its shape and density when not confined.
Solid
product of the SI derived unit volt and the SI base unit second divided by the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
VoltSecondPerMetre
Volt Second Per Metre
Since the nucleus account for nearly all of the total mass of atoms (with the electrons and nuclear binding energy making minor contributions), the atomic mass measured in Da has nearly the same value as the mass number.
The atomic mass is often expressed as an average of the commonly found isotopes.
The mass of an atom in the ground state.
AtomicMass
An object which is an holistic temporal part of another object.
Here we consider a temporal interval that is lower than the characteristic time of the physical process that provides the causality connection between the object parts.
SubObject
If an inhabited house is considered as an house that is occupied by some people in its majority of time, then an interval of inhabited house in which occasionally nobody is in there is no more an inhabited house, but an unhinabited house, since this temporal part does not satisfy the criteria of the whole.
A bonded atom that shares at least one electron to the atom-based entity of which is part of.
A real bond between atoms is always something hybrid between covalent, metallic and ionic. In general, metallic and ionic bonds have atoms sharing electrons.
The bond types that are covered by this definition are the strong electronic bonds: covalent, metallic and ionic.
This class can be used to represent molecules as simplified quantum systems, in which outer molecule shared electrons are un-entangled with the inner shells of the atoms composing the molecule.
BondedAtom
For a solvent in a solution, quotient of the absolute activity and that of the pure substance at the same temperature and pressure.
ActivityOfSolvent
Quantities declared under the ISO 80000.
InternationalSystemOfQuantity
fraction of nearest-neighbour atom pairs in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction
ShortRangeOrderParameter
The relation between electric field strength and current density in an isotropic conductor.
HallCoefficient
Java
Quotient of mass excess and the unified atomic mass constant.
RelativeMassExcess
KineticFrictionFactor
DynamicFrictionFactor
Energy per unit change in amount of substance.
ChemicalPotential
Mean energy, excluding rest energy, of the particles that are emitted, transferred, or received.
RadiantEnergy
Coulomb Meter (C-m) is a unit in the category of Electric dipole moment. It is also known as atomic unit, u.a., au, ua. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Coulomb Meter (C-m) has a dimension of LTI where L is length, T is time, and I is electric current. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category. -- QUDT
It is also known as atomic unit, u.a., au, ua. This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. Coulomb Meter (C-m) has a dimension of LTI where L is length, T is time, and I is electric current. This unit is the standard SI unit in this category.
CoulombMetre
Square metre per Kelvin.
SquareMetrePerKelvin
ReactionSintering
ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy reaction sintering: process wherein at least two constituents of a powder mixture react during sintering
derived SI unit weber divided by the 0.001-fold of the SI base unit metre -- QUDT
Weber Per Millimetre
Quotient of entropy and mass.
SpecificEntropy
0.1-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT
CubicDeciMetre
Cubic Decimetre
Quantum number in an atom describing the magnitude of total angular momentum J.
SI base unit ampere divided by the 0.000 001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre by exponent 2 -- QUDT
AmperePerSquareMilliMetre
Ampere Per Square Millimetre
CeramicMaterial
One SI standard unit of mass over the square of one thousand standard unit of length. -- QUDT
Kilograms per square kilometre
Mathematical description in crystallography.
StructureFactor
power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 -- QUDT
CubicMetrePerSquareMetre
Cubic Metre Per Square Metre
Milliwatts per square metre per nanometre
Gibbs energy per unit mass.
SpecificGibbsEnergy
Atom subclass for titanium.
TitaniumAtom
TransientLiquidPhaseSintering
The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricConductivityPerAmount'.
ElectricConductivityPerAmountUnit
The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the electric potential.
Capacitance
ElectricCapacitance
Kilograms per metre per second
1 000-fold of the SI base unit mol -- QUDT
Atom subclass for mendelevium.
MendeleviumAtom
Atom subclass for moscovium.
MoscoviumAtom
GrowingCrystal
1 000-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT
Megagram Per Cubic Metre
A chain of linked physics based model simulations solved iteratively, where equations are segregated.
IterativeCoupledModelsSimulation
Square Pascal Second (Pa²· s) is a unit in the category of sound exposure. -- QUDT
SquarePascalSecond
Square Pascal Second
The analytical composition of a saturated solution, expressed in terms of the proportion of a designated solute in a designated solvent, is the solubility of that solute.
The solubility may be expressed as a concentration, molality, mole fraction, mole ratio, etc.
Solubility
ArtificialIntelligence
ArtificialAgent
Metre per Farad.
MetrePerFarad
Frequency by which the nucleus angular momentum vector precesses about the axis of an external magnetic field.
NuclearPrecessionAngularFrequency
Atom subclass for rubidium.
RubidiumAtom
MegaSiemens
Critical thermodynamic temperature of an antiferromagnet.
NeelTemperature
BlowMolding
The symbol that stands for the dysprosium atom.
DysprosiumSymbol
Square root of the slowing down area.
SlowingDownLength
Quotient of the total number of fission or fission-dependent neutrons produced in the duration of a time interval and the total number of neutrons lost by absorption and leakage in that duration.
MultiplicationFactor
SI prefix who's value is 1/100.
Centi
SI base unit kilogram divided by the 0.000 001-fold of the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 3 -- QUDT
Kilogram Per Cubic Centimetre
Atom subclass for erbium.
ErbiumAtom
The symbol that stands for the lawrencium atom.
LawrenciumSymbol
Quotient of the number of internal conversion electrons and the number of gamma quanta emitted by the radioactive atom in a given transition, where a conversion electron represents an orbital electron emitted through the radioactive decay.
InternalConversionFactor
InternalConversionCoefficient
SI prefix who's value is 1e9.
Giga
Kilomole Per Kilogram (kmol/kg) is a unit of Molality -- QUDT
KiloMolePerKilogram
Kilomole per Kilogram
Complex representation of an oscillating voltage.
VoltagePhasor
Quotient of the rms value of the voltage between the terminals of a two-terminal element or a two-terminal circuit by the rms value of the electric current in the element or circuit.
ModulusOfImpedance
A CentiNewton 0.01 N.
CentiNewton
HardeningByForging
Scalar quantity or tensor quantity equal to the absolute permeability divided by the magnetic constant.
RelativePermeability
The class of units with dimensionality 'LengthPerAmount'.
LengthPerAmountUnit
InterferenceFitting
Square kilogram per square second.
PartialComposition
ElectrolyticDeposition
The symbol that stands for the caesium atom.
CaesiumSymbol
Extrusion
CSharp
1 000 000-fold of the SI base unit ampere divided by the power of the SI base unit metre with the exponent 2 -- QUDT
MegaAmperePerSquareMetre
Megaampere Per Square Metre
Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle number density n.
DiffusionCoefficientForParticleNumberDensity
1,000,000-fold of the derived unit joule -- QUDT
Atom subclass for oxygen.
OxygenAtom
The class of units with dimensionality 'MassPerElectricCharge'.
MassPerElectricChargeUnit
A chemical substance composed of atoms with the same number of protons in the atomic nucleus.
ElementalSubstance
PureSubstance
Atom subclass for magnesium.
MagnesiumAtom
Atom subclass for hassium.
HassiumAtom
Riveting
IsothermalConversion
Atom subclass for copernicium.
CoperniciumAtom
DataProcessingApplication
SI derived unit newton divided by the SI base unit ampere -- QUDT
NewtonPerAmpere
Newton Per Ampere
Micromoles per kilogram
At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the electric dipole moment p of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V.
ElectricPolarization
In the Hertz per Volt standard the frequency of the note is directly related to the voltage. A pitch of a note goes up one octave when its frequency doubles, meaning that the voltage will have to double for every octave rise. Depending on the footage (octave) selected, nominally one volt gives 1000Hz, two volts 2000Hz and so on. In terms of notes, bottom C would be 0.25 volts, the next C up would be 0.5 volts, then 1V, 2V, 4V, 8V for the following octaves. This system was used mainly by Yamaha and Korg. -- QUDT
HertzPerVolt
Hertz per Volt
Characteristic quantum number s of a particle, related to its spin.
A process which is an holistic temporal part of a process.
Stage
Moving a leg is a stage of the process of running.
A generic task in a workflow, that is not the begin or the end.
InternalTask
The symbol that stands for the neptunium atom.
NeptuniumSymbol
Plus
Number of particles of a given species per volume.
ParticleConcentration
Number of molecules of a substance in a mixture per volume.
MolecularConcentration
DropForging
DataByStructure
The symbol that stands for the nitrogen atom.
NitrogenSymbol
Atom subclass for americium.
AmericiumAtom
Position vector of a particle.
ParticlePositionVector
Calendering
A topological space with the property that each point has a neighborhood that is homeomorphic to an open subset of 3-dimensional Euclidean space.
ThreeManifold
3-manifold
Atom subclass for rhenium.
RheniumAtom
A tessellation in which a tile has next two or more non spatially connected tiles.
Fork
NonAgent
The symbol that stands for the hassium atom.
HassiumSymbol
1,000,000-fold of the derived SI unit joule divided by the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT
Megajoule Per Kilogram
PicoMole
A variable that stand for a well known numerical constant (a known number).
KnownConstant
π refers to the constant number ~3.14
SI prefix who's value is 1e21.
Zetta
Micromoles per gram per second
A measure of the wavelength-weighted power emitted by a light source in a particular direction per unit solid angle. It is based on the luminosity function, which is a standardized model of the sensitivity of the human eye.
LuminousIntensity
A unit of area equal to that of a square, of sides 1nm -- QUDT
Square Nanometre
mass ratio consisting of the 0.000000000001-fold of the SI base unit kilogram divided by the SI base unit kilogram -- QUDT
Nanogram Per Kilogram
Entropy per amount of substance.
MolarEntropy
A fundamental physical constant characterizing the strength of the electromagnetic interaction between elementary charged particles.
FineStructureConstant
Quotient of mass defect and the unified atomic mass constant.
RelativeMassDefect
The class of units with dimensionality 'PerEnergy'.
PerEnergyUnit
The class of units with dimensionality 'LengthPerCubeTime'.
LengthPerCubeTimeUnit
Square metre Hertz.
A hypothesis is a theory, estimated and objective, since its estimated premises are objective.
Hypothesis
A molecule composed of more than one element type.
Heteronuclear
Nitric oxide (NO) or carbon dioxide (CO₂).
Filling
Data that are expressed through quantum mechanical principles, and that can have several values ​​/ be in several states in the same place at the same time (quantum superposition), each of them with a certain probability.
QuantumData
Time constant for recombination or trapping of minority charge carriers in semiconductors
CarrierLifetime
The radiant energy emitted, reflected, transmitted or received, per unit time.
RadiantFlux
A real vector with 3 elements.
Shape3Vector
The quantity value of physical quantities if real space is a Shape3Vector.
SI prefix who's value is 1e18.
Exa
Atom subclass for californium.
CaliforniumAtom
Force opposing the motion of a body sliding on a surface.
KineticFrictionForce
DynamicFrictionForce
Square centimetre per second.
Force of gravity acting on a body.
Weight
LowPressureCasting
A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of atoms.
AtomisticModel
The class of units with dimensionality 'ElectricCurrentDensityPerTemperature'.
ElectricCurrentDensityPerTemperatureUnit
TransportationDevice
Square metre per square second.
PlasticSintering
Change of the relative positions of parts of a body, excluding a displacement of the body as a whole.
Strain
Atom subclass for europium.
EuropiumAtom
A meson with spin zero and odd parity.
PseudoscalarMeson
The class of units with dimensionality 'EnergyDensityOfStates'.
EnergyDensityOfStatesUnit
Atom subclass for terbium.
TerbiumAtom
Natural logarithm of the quotient of a reference energy and the kinetic energy of a neutron.
Lethargy
A manufacturing process in which interchangeable parts are added to a product in a sequential manner to create an end product.
Is not collection, since the connection between the elements of an assembly line occurs through the flow of objects that are processed.
AssemblyLine
InjectionMolding
Multiplication
A Material occurring in nature, without the need of human intervention.
NaturalMaterial
Gustatory
Atom subclass for germanium.
GermaniumAtom
Atom subclass for technetium.
TechnetiumAtom
PowderCoating
Data that are expressed through classical physics mechanisms, having one value and one state, and being in the same place at the same time.
ClassicalData
ElectricCurrentAssistedSintering
DippingForms
Defived units that are accepted to be used with SI.
SIAcceptedDerivedUnit
Forming of vessel parts from a flat mould into a three-dimensional shape by means of a press and tools, whereby material is neither removed nor added
DeepDrawing
Maximum kinetic energy of the emitted beta particle produced in the nuclear disintegration process.
MaximumBetaParticleEnergy
A gaseous solution made of more than one component type.
GasSolution
Perceived power of light.
LuminousFlux
The quantum of action. It defines the kg base unit in the SI system.
PlanckConstant
Atomic quantum number related to the z component lz, jz or sz, of the orbital, total, or spin angular momentum.
1 000 000 000-fold of the SI derived unit joule -- QUDT
CeramicSintering
Strengthening by rolling is the strengthening of component surfaces by mechanically generating compressive stresses in the component surface and consolidating the material.
HardeningByRolling
Deals with undefined shapes both input and output.
The creation of a material entity starting from fundamental substances, involving chemical phenomena (e.g. reaction, bonding).
MaterialSynthesis
ElementalMaterial
In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion relative to its equilibrium position.
DisplacementVector
The 'semiosis' process of interpreting a 'physical' and provide a complec sign, 'theory' that stands for it and explain it to another interpreter.
Theorisation
Theorization
A suspension of liquid droplets dispersed in a gas through an atomization process.
Spray
SparkPlasmaSintering
Arithmetic average of (electric field strength multiplied by electric flux density) and (magnetic field strength multiplied by magnetic flux density).
ElectromagneticEnergyDensity
VolumicElectromagneticEnergy
In chemistry, the molar mass M is defined as the mass of a given substance (chemical element or chemical compound) divided by its amount of substance. It is a physical property of a given substance. The base SI unit for molar mass is kg/mol. However, for historical reasons, molar masses are almost always expressed in g/mol. As an example, the molar mass of water is approximately: 18.01528(33) g/mol. -- QUDT
KilogramPerMole
Kilogram per Mole
VaporDeposition
A physical constant relating energy at the individual particle level with temperature. It is the gas constant R divided by the Avogadro constant. It defines the Kelvin unit in the SI system.
The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Boltzmann_constant) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity.
BoltzmannConstant
FlameCutting
Magnitude of the angular velocity ω divided by the angle 2π, thus n = |ω|/2π.
RotationalFrequency
A decimeter is a tenth of a meter. -- QUDT
A graphical representation of a molecular structure showing the relative position in space of the atomic constituents and their bonds.
StructuralFormula
A solid solution made of two or more component substances.
SolidSolution
A three-manifold with Euclidean metric.
EuclideanSpace
Python
MicroMolePerMole
Micromoles per mole
HandlingDevice
`Joule Per Quartic Meter` (J/m⁴) is a unit for the spectral concentration of radiant energy density (in terms of wavelength), or the spectral radiant energy density (in terms of wave length). This unit is commonly used in the SI unit system. -- QUDT
JoulePerQuarticMetre
Joule per Quartic Metre
0.000001 fold of the SI unit of radiation dose. Radiation carries energy, and when it is absorbed by matter the matter receives this energy. The dose is the amount of energy deposited per unit of mass. One gray is defined to be the dose of one joule of energy absorbed per kilogram of matter, or 100 rad. The unit is named for the British physician L. Harold Gray (1905-1965), an authority on the use of radiation in the treatment of cancer. -- QUDT
MicroGray
Molds
Retarding force on a body moving in a fluid.
DragForce
A quantity that is the result of a well-defined measurement procedure.
The specification of a measurand requires knowledge of the kind of quantity, description of the state of the phenomenon, body, or substance carrying the quantity, including any relevant component, and the chemical entities involved. -- VIM
MeasuredProperty
Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-8.
AcousticQuantity
GravityCasting
PhotochemicalProcesses
HardeningByDrawing
Angle between the scattered ray and the lattice plane.
BraggAngle
UnintentionalAgent
Magnetizing
Nanomaterials are Materials possessing, at minimum, one external dimension measuring 1-100nm
NanoMaterial
The universe is considered as a causally self-connected object, encompassing all other objects. For this reason is unique.
universe
EMMC ASBL European Materials Modelling Council Silversquare Stéphanie Avenue Louise 54 1050 Brussels CBE no: 0731 621 312
EMMO applies the naming convension to its sub-properties of rdfs:seeAlso that their label must end with one of the following terms: - 'Match': resolvable URLs to corresponding entity in another ontology - 'Entry': resolvable URLs to a human readable resource describing the subject - 'Ref': non-resolvable reference to a human readable resource describing the subject
Indicate a resource that might provide additional information about the subject resource.
"3 cm"
A more complete example showing how to specify the value of a physical quantity in turtle using this datatype: height1 a emmo:Height ; hasSIQuantityValue "3 cm"^^emmo:SIQuantityDatatype .
SIQuantityDatatype
A datatype for a specifying a physcial quantity as a string consisting of a numerical, a separator and an SI unit.
The unit should be a valid, possible prefixed, derived SI unit.
The rule for the subproperty chain: inverse (hasSign) o inverse (hasReferent) ⇒ hasInterpreter
The rule for the subproperty chain: inverse (hasInterpreter) o inverse (hasSign) ⇒ hasReferent
The rule for the subproperty chain: inverse (hasReferent) o inverse (hasInterpreter) ⇒ hasSign
Enforcing exclusivity between overlapping and causality.
Holism (from Greek ὅλος holos "all, whole, entire").
Transitivity for proper parthood.
From medieval Latin perspectiva ‘(science of) optics’, from perspect- ‘looked at closely’, from the verb perspicere, from per- ‘through’ + specere ‘to look’.
VIM defines measurand as a quantity intended to be measured. This is redundant in EMMO and correspond to Quantity.
From late Latin tangibilis, from tangere ‘to touch’.
From Latin observare (“to watch, note, mark, heed, guard, keep, pay attention to, regard, comply with, etc.”), from ob (“before”) + servare (“to keep”),
From Latin functiō (“performance, execution”), from functus, perfect participle of fungor (“to perform, execute, discharge”).
From French équipement, from équiper ‘equip’.
From Latin manufacture: "made by hand".
From Latin productum ‘something produced’, derived from Latin producere, from pro- ‘forward’ + ducere ‘to lead’.
From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”).
From the word 'holistic' with the 'w-' prefix, due to the affinity with the existing word 'whole', that share the same meaning of 'holos'.
From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and Ancient Greek σύστημα (sústēma, “musical scale; organized body; whole made of several parts or members”), from σῠν- (sun-, prefix meaning ‘with, together’) + ἵστημι (hístēmi, “to stand”).
This axiom underlines the monodimensional nature of a causal chain, as a sequence of quanta.
From Ancient Greek ἀναλογία (analogía), from ἀνά (aná) + λόγος (lógos, “speech, reckoning”).
Transitivity for parthood.
This definition reads: "The universe is the sum of all entities that are part of themselves". Since parthood (P) is reflexive by axiom, then the universe is the sum of all mereological entities.
Enforcing reflexivity of overlapping.
Enforcing the fact that an entity cannot cause itself.
From Latin simulacrum ("likeness, semblance")
From Latin particula (“small part, particle”), diminutive of pars (“part, piece”).
From Latin documentum, from the verb doceō (“teach”) +‎ -mentum.
From Latin collectio, from colligere ‘gather together’.
This axiom reflects the fact the the universe is causally self-connected. In fact, a non causally connected universe would have been the sum of causally independend sub-universes, without any knowledge of others. This axiom may be seen as Ockam's razor applied to causality.
From Latin physica "study of nature" (and Ancient Greek φυσικός, “natural”), and Medieval Latin obiectum (“object”, literally “thrown against”).
EMMO is the acronym of Elementary Multiperspective Material Ontology.
From Latin intentionem, derived from intendere ("stretching out")
Implementig transitivity.
From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and from Latin struere (“arrange, assemble, build”).
From French rôle, from obsolete French roule ‘roll’, referring originally to the roll of paper on which the actor's part was written.
From Old French "deviser", meaning: arrange, plan, contrive. Literally "dispose in portions," from Vulgar Latin "divisare", frequentative of Latin dividere, meaning "to divide".
From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and Medieval Latin obiectum (“object”, literally “thrown against”).
From Latin aestimatus (“to value, rate, esteem”).
From Latin proprietas (“a peculiarity, one's peculiar nature or quality, right or fact of possession, property”), from proprius (“special, particular, one's own”).
From Old French asembler, based on Latin ad- ‘to’ + simul ‘together’.
From Latin index (“a discoverer, informer, spy; of things, an indicator, the forefinger, a title, superscription”), from indicō (“point out, show”).
We usa a predicate template notation as RP<φ>(x,y) to specify subclasses of RP(x,y) for the class φ, meaning that RP<φ>(x, y) ≡ PP(x, y) ∧ φ(x) ∧ φ(y)
φ is a class of the theory that in the EMMO OWL is supposed to be subclass of CausalStructure.
From Ancient Greek σύμβολον (súmbolon, “a sign by which one infers something; a mark, token, badge, ticket, tally, check, a signal, watchword, outward sign”), from συμβάλλω (sumbállō, “I throw together, dash together, compare, correspond, tally, come to a conclusion”), from σύν (sún, “with, together”) + βάλλω (bállō, “I throw, put”).
From Latin modus (“measure”).
Coined by Stanisław Leśniewski in 1927, from Ancient Greek μέρος (méros, “part”) +‎ -logy (“study, discussion, science”). https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mereology
From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”).
From soft +‎ -ware, by contrast with hardware (“the computer itself”). Coined by Paul Niquette in 1953.
From Greek, nominative plural form of δεδομένο (dedoméno) (data, information)
From Latin item, "likewise, just so, moreover".
Implementation of equality based on mereology.
From Latin percipiō, past participle perceptus (“take hold of, obtain, receive, observe”), from per (“by, through”) + capiō (“to take”).
From Proto-Germanic *klas-, *klus- (“to clump, lump together”).
From Latin fundamentum (“foundation”), from fundō (“to lay the foundation (of something), to found”), from fundus (“bottom”).
The equalsTo object property is equivalent to the OWL SameAs
From Old French sambler, sembler, from Late Latin similāre, present active infinitive of similō, from Latin similis, from Proto-Italic *semalis, from Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“together, one”).
From Latin data, nominative plural of datum (“that is given”), neuter past participle of dō (“I give”).
From Ancient Greek κρύσταλλος (krústallos, “clear ice”), from κρύος (krúos, “frost”).
From Latin māchina (“a machine, engine, contrivance, device, stratagem, trick”), from Doric Greek μᾱχᾰνᾱ́ (mākhanā́), cognate with Attic Greek μηχᾰνή (mēkhanḗ, “a machine, engine, contrivance, device”), from which comes mechanical.
From Middle English liftime, equivalent to life +‎ time.
We usa a predicate template notation as DP<φ>(x,y) to specify subclasses of DP(x,y) for the class φ, meaning that DP<φ>(x, y) ≡ PP(x, y) ∧ (φ(x) ↔ ¬φ(y))
φ is a class of the theory
From Latin arte ‘by or using art’ + factum ‘something made’.
From Latin manu factum ("made by hand").
From Middle English hole (“healthy, unhurt, whole”).
From Old French chaine, chaene (“chain”), from Latin catēna (“chain”).
All EMMO individuals are part of the most comprehensive entity which is the universe.
From Ancient Greek εἰκών (eikṓn, “likeness, image, portrait”).
From Latin cognitio (“knowledge, perception, a judicial examination, trial”), from cognitus, past participle of cognoscere (“to know”), from co- (“together”) + *gnoscere, older form of noscere (“to know”
Every collection has at least two item members, since a collection of one item is a self-connected entity (and then an item).
From Latin lingua (“tongue, speech, language”), from Old Latin dingua (“tongue”).
From Latin factor, from fact- ‘done’, from the verb facere (to do).
From Latin ingenium "innate qualities, ability; inborn character," in Late Latin "a war engine, battering ram"; literally "that which is inborn," from in- ("in") + gignere ("give birth, beget").
Implementing Transitivity.
1940s: named after S.N. Bose.
From Latin quantum (plural quanta) "as much as, so much as".
The electronical state of the RAM of my laptop is decoded by it as ASCII characters and printed on the screen.
Implementing transitivity.
Luciano Floridi, "Information - A Very Short Introduction", Oxford University Press (2010) ISBN: 9780199551378
From Latin con- +‎ putō (“I reckon”).
From Latin agēns (present participle of agere (“to act”))
From the Ancient Greek γραφή (graphḗ) which means drawing, painting, writing, a writing, description, and from γράφω (gráphō) which means scratch, carve.
The term graphical is used in etymological sense, comprising both writings and visual arts.
From Latin partire, partiri ‘divide, share’.
The term 'part' is here intended not only in mereological sense but also as role. For example. the term part is used to define the role played by an actor, specifying not only a mereological participation of the actor to an act, but also a specific role for that actor.
From Latin pro-cedere (“to go forward, to proceed”).
Fom Latin variabilis ("changeable").
Old English tōl, from a Germanic base meaning ‘prepare’.
While EMMO mereocausality conceptualisation can be used on any possibile domain, so that a quantum can be a Lego brick or an furniture component, it can be better understood when a quantum is elucidated as an elementary particle after and interaction and before another interaction. (e.g. quark, photon).
From Latin fusio, from fundere ‘pour, melt’.
From Ancient Greek πάτος (pátos, “path”).
From Latin succedĕre ("coming after").
Every entity is made of quantum parts. This axiomatisation is the expression of the radical reductionistic approach of the EMMO.
Enforcing parthood reflexivity.
From Latin materia (“matter, stuff, material”), from mater (“mother”).