Metadata4Ing
Metadata4Ing: An ontology for describing the generation of research data within a scientific activity.
The ontology Metadata4Ing provides a framework for the semantic description of research data and of the whole data generation process, embracing the object of investigation, all sample and data manipulation methods and tools, the data files themselves, and the roles of persons and institutions. The structure and application of the ontology are based on the principles of modularity and inheritance.
active
Metadata4Ing Workgroup (2025). Metadata4Ing: An ontology for describing the generation of research data within a scientific activity. v1.3.1. http://w3id.org/nfdi4ing/metadata4ing/1.3.1 [ttl, jsonld, nt, rdf/xml]
Engineers and scientists working with quantitative data
Ingenieure und Forschende, die mit quantitativen Daten arbeiten
Metadata4Ing defines classes and properties or reuses such classes and properties from other ontologies to describe research processes and research data management in NFDI4Ing. New concepts and properties are located in the namespace of Metadata4Ing. Metadata4Ing does not import complete ontologies for the sake of relevance, readability, understandability and usability by and for engineers. Instead, it tries to make re-use of existing identifiers for classes and properties by re-using all or a relevant subset of the axioms from the original ontology. These statements have been extracted in different ways, e.g. by using Protégé tools importing an ontology and copying axioms of relevant items to Metadata4Ing or by download from data services or raw files of ontologies and manual copypasting. In some cases there was a need to extend or modify the original set of statements about an entity, e.g. because labels and definitions were expressed with a different owl:AnnotationProperty than the rest of Metadata4Ing, or because a skos:preflabel or a skos:definition in any of the languages we would like to support was missing. Any editorial changes on elements from external ontologies are declared in Metadata4Ing by an annotation with skos:editorialNote at item-level. To get the original set of statements we encourage to visit the original namespace of the respective item. Metadata4Ing reuses elements from the following ontologies: - BIRO = Bibliographic Reference Ontology - CR = Croissant - DCAT = Data Catalog - DCC = Digital Calibration Certificate - DCTERMS = Dublin Core Terms - EMMO = European Materials and Modelling Ontology - FOAF = Friend of a Friend - OBO = Open Biological and Biomedical Ontologies: - BFO = Basic Formal Ontology - RO = Relation Ontology - OWL = Web Ontology Language - PIMS-II = PIMS Interoperability Infrastructure - PROV = Provenance Namespace - QUDT = Quantities, Units, Dimensions and Types - RDF = Resource Description Framework - RDFS = RDF Schema - SCHEMA = schema.org - D-SI = Digital System of Units - SIO = Semanticscience Integrated Ontology - SKOS = Simple Knowledge Organization System - SSN = Semantic Sensor Network Ontology - XSD = XML Schema Definition
Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB)
Technische Universität Braunschweig (TUBS)
An account of the resource.
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Beschreibung
description
This property is intended to be used with non-literal values. This property is an inverse property of References.
A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource.
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is referenced by
ist referenziert von
This property is intended to be used with non-literal values. This property is an inverse property of Is Referenced By.
A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource.
references
referenziert
A name given to the resource.
Titel
title
An organization that this person is affiliated with. For example, a school/university, a club, or a team.
Eine Organisation, der eine Person angehört
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:Person schema:affiliation :Organization .
Organisationszugehörigkeit
affiliation
A person or organization that supports (sponsors) something through some kind of financial contribution.
Eine Person oder Organisation, die etwas finanziell unterstützt
:Project schema:funder :DFG
Förderer
funder
A data type to express formulae in a markup language such as MathML or LaTeX. The preferred syntax is Semantic MathML.
harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated)
Formel
formula
A combination of date and time of day in the form [-]CCYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss[Z|(+|-)hh:mm] (see Chapter 5.4 of ISO 8601)
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date with time
Datum mit Zeit
a core relation that holds between a part and its whole
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Teil von
part of
a core relation that holds between a whole and its part
has part
hat Teil
Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a realizable entity and a process, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process
realisiert in
realized in
Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a process and a realizable entity, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process
realisiert
realizes
x precedes y if and only if the time point at which x ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: x precedes y iff ω(x) <= α(y), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point.
findet statt vor
precedes
a relation between a continuant and a process, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process
ist beteiligt an
participates in
a relation between a process and a continuant, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process
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has participant
hat Teilnehmer
X immediately precedes_Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y)
immediately precedes
findet statt unmittelbar vor
started by
x starts with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x starts is equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: α(y) = α(x) ∧ ω(y) < ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point.
beginnt mit
starts with
finished by
x ends with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x ends is equivalent to the time point at which y ends. Formally: α(y) > α(x) ∧ ω(y) = ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point.
endet mit
ends with
(x has input y) means x takes specific input as y for further processes
has input
hat Input
(x has output y) means x provides specific output y for the result or further processes
has output
hat Output
(x input of y) means x is a specific input of y to carry out further processes
Input von
input of
(x output of y) means x is the specific output of y as the result or further processes
Output von
output of
redundant information: applicable unit can be deduced from quantity kind. If one wants to enforce the use of a specific unit, use a SHACL constraint.
DEPRECATED (x hasAdmissibleUnit y) means that y is a unit that can be associated with the variable x
has admissible unit
hat als zulässige Einheit
(x hasAdmissibleValue y) means that y is a value that can be assigned to the variable x
has admissible value
hat als zulässigen Wert
(a hasAssignedValue y) means that a: x = y is an assignment where the value y is assigned to a variable x
has assigned value
hat zugewiesenen Wert
Associates an si:Real quantity value with an si:CoverageInterval
has coverage interval
hat Überdeckungsintervall
Points to a tool that is used within a given processing step
verweist auf ein Werkzeug, das in einem Arbeitsschritt verwendet wurde
has employed tool
hat eingesetztes Werkzeug
Relates an si:Real to its expanded uncertainty
has expanded uncertainty
hat erweiterte Unsicherheit
Points to the property characterization (i.e., to the kind of quantity) from a controlled vocabulary
we recommend using a persistent identifier resolving to a persistent URL
has kind of quantity
hat Größenart
Points to a parameter of a given method or tool.
has parameter
hat Parameter
Points to an assignment that is neither input nor output
has runtime assignment
hat Laufzeitzuweisung
Associates an si:Real quantity value with its mandatory uncertainty declaration (i.e., with an expanded uncertainty or a coverage interval)
has uncertainty declaration
hat Unsicherheitsdeklaration
Represents the unit of a numerical (real) value
Repräsentiert die Einheit eines numerischen (reelen) Wertes
Kardinalität dieser Property bei der Beschreibung eines si:Real: 0-1
Obligation dieser Property bei der Beschreibung eines si:Real: recommended
We recommend using a resolvable PID from a controlled vocabulary, such as ISO 80000, IEC or QUDT
cardinality of this property for the description of a si:Real: 0-1
obligation of this property for the description of a si:Real: recommended
has unit
hat Einheit
( a hasVariable x ) bedeutet, dass a: x = y eine Variablenzuordnung ist, in der der Variablen x ein Wert zugeordnet wird.
( a hasVariable x ) means that a: x = y is an assignment where the value y is assigned to a variable x
has variable
hat Variable
Points to a tool that implements a given method
implemented by
wird implementiert durch
Points to a method that is implemented by a given tool
implementiert
implements
A property that connects a person or an organization with a project.
associated to project
gehört zu Projekt
(x investigates y) means that x is about y, in the context of scientific research and development
investigates
untersucht
(x investigatesProperty y) means that x is about target property y, in the context of scientific research and development
investigates property
untersucht Eigenschaft
Points to a processing step the tool has been used in
verweist auf einen Arbeitsschritt, in dem das Werkzeug eingesetzt wurde
is employed tool
ist eingesetztes Werkzeug
A property that connects a project with a person or an organisation.
hat Projektmitglied
project participant
Points to a method that is used within a given processing step
realisiert Methode
realizes method
Points to a variable that is represented through a field within a recordset
repräsentiert Variable
represents variable
A is related to B iff there is some relation between A and B.
A ist verwandt zu B wenn eine Beziehnung zwischen beiden besteht
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is related to
ist verwandt mit
A represents B when A serves as a sign, symbol or model of B.
A repräsentiert B wenn es als ein Zeichen, Symbol oder Modell von B dient
repräsentiert
represents
refers to is a relation between one entity and the entity that it makes reference to.
bezieht sich auf ist eine Relation zwischen einer Entität und einer anderen Entität, auf die sie sich bezieht
bezieht sich auf
refers to
redundant information: admissible unit can be deduced from quantity kind. If one wants to enforce the use of a specific unit, use a SHACL contraint.
DEPRECATED (x isAdmissibleUnitFor y) means that x is a unit that can be associated with the variable y; subsumption under msHPIPIR is explained as follows: There is a sign z for the variable y (where z is a description of admissible values of y) of which x is constitutive (and with which x hence overlaps)
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is admissible unit for
ist zulässige Einheit für
(x isAdmissibleValueFor y) means that x is a value that can be assigned to the variable y; subsumption under msIPIRIR is explained as follows: There is a sign z for the variable y (where z is the range of admissible values of y), for which in turn there is another sign z' (where z' lists members of z, explicitly including x) of which x is a part
is admissible value for
ist zulässiger Wert für
(o isAssignment for d) means that d: x = y is an assignment that refers to o; e.g., x may be temperature, y may be a temperature value, and o may be an object of which the temperature has been measured or some other context to which the assignment refers
is assignment for
ist Zuweisung in Bezug auf
(y isValueInAssignment a) means that a: x = y is an assignment where the value y is assigned to a variable x
is value in assignment
ist Wert in Zuweisung
(x isVariableInAssignment a) means that a: x = y is an assignment where a value y is assigned to the variable x
is variable in assignment
ist Variable in Zuweisung
The data source of the field. This will generally reference a FileObject or FileSet's contents (e.g., a specific column of a table).
Die Datenquelle eines Feldes in einem Datensatz. Referenziert in der Regel ein cr:FileObject oder cr:FileSet
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source
Quelle
A data element that appears in the records of the RecordSet (e.g., one column of a table).
Ein Datenelement, das in den Einträgen eines RecordSets erscheint (z.B. eine Spalte einer Tabelle)
field
hat Feld
Another FileObject or FileSet that this one is contained in, e.g., in the case of a file extracted from an archive. When this property is present, the contentUrl is evaluated as a relative path within the container object.
Ein weiteres FileObject oder FileSet, in dem das aktuelle enthalten ist. Wenn diese Eigenschaft vorhanden ist, wird die contentUrl als relativer Pfad innerhalb des Container-Objektes interpretiert
containedIn
enthalten in
The compression format of the distribution in which the data is contained in a compressed form, e.g. to reduce the size of the downloadable file.
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This property is to be used when the files in the distribution are compressed, e.g. in a ZIP file. The format SHOULD be expressed using a media type as defined by IANA media types registry https://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/, if available.
Kompressionsformat
compression format
An available distribution of the dataset.
has distribution
hat Verteilung
The URL of the downloadable file in a given format. E.g. CSV file or RDF file. The format is indicated by the distribution's dcterms:format and/or dcat:mediaType.
dcat:downloadURL SHOULD be used for the address at which this distribution is available directly, typically through a HTTP Get request.
Downloadlink
download URL
Normally, child datasets in dataset series are represented as dcat:Dataset. The use of dcat:Distribution for typing child datasets is however recognized as a possible alternative, whenever it addresses more effectively the requirements of a given application scenario.
A dataset series of which the dataset is part.
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in Serie
in series
The media type of the distribution as defined by IANA.
This property SHOULD be used when the media type of the distribution is defined in the IANA media types registry https://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/, otherwise dcterms:format MAY be used with different values.
Medientyp
media type
The package format of the distribution in which one or more data files are grouped together, e.g. to enable a set of related files to be downloaded together.
This property to be used when the files in the distribution are packaged, e.g. in a TAR file, a Frictionless Data Package or a Bagit file. The format SHOULD be expressed using a media type as defined by IANA media types registry https://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/, if available.
Packformat
packaging format
The prov:agent property is used to reference an agent that had a role in an activity.
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has agent
hat Akteur
prov:hadRole references the Role (i.e. the function of an entity with respect to an activity)
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had role
hatte Rolle
Allows to specify more information (e.g. a role) about an association between an agent (e.g. a person) and an Activity (e.g. a processing step).
Ermöglicht die Angabe weiterer Informationen (z.B. einer Rolle) zu einer Verknüpfung zwischen einem Agenten (z.B. einer Person) und einer Aktivität (z.B. einem Prozessschritt).
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Example application in m4i: :SomeProcess a m4i:ProcessingStep; obo:RO_0000057 :SomePerson; prov:qualifiedAssociation [ a prov:Association; prov:agent :SomePerson; prov:hadRole :SomeRole; rdfs:comment ":SomePerson had the :SomeRole in this :SomeProcess"@en ] ; skos:prefLabel "has qualified association"@en , "hat qualifizierte Beziehung"@de . The direct relation between an activity and an agent expressed with 'has participant' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0000057 or http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAssociatedWith) does not give details about the agent's role in that activity. Using the property prov:qualifiedAssociation one can point to a blank node (cf. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blank_node) containing additional information about the participation relation.
In metadata4ing use obo:RO_0000057 or prov:wasAssociatedWith as unqualified form for the relation between an activity and an agent.
näher beschriebene Verbindung
qualified association
wasAssociateFor
property between an agent and an activity with which the agent was associated with or participates in
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wasAssociatedWith
property between some activity and an agent involved in that activity
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prov:wasRoleIn references the association (e.g. between an agent and an activity) in which a role shall be defined. Inverse property of prov:hadRole.
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war Rolle in
was role in
Relation between an entity and a Property of that entity.
has property
hat Eigenschaft
Relation between a Procedure (an algorithm, procedure or method) and an entity that implements that Procedure in some executable way.
Beziehung zwischen einer Prozedur (einem Algorithmus, einer Prozedur oder einer Methode) und einer Entität, die diese Prozedur in einer ausführbaren Weise implementiert.
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Relation between an entity that implements a Procedure in some executable way and the Procedure (an algorithm, procedure or method).
Beziehung zwischen einer Entität, die eine Prozedur in einer ausführbaren Weise implementiert, und der Prozedur (einem Algorithmus, einer Prozedur oder einer Methode).
Relation between a Property and the entity it belongs to.
is property of
ist Eigenschaft von
A personal mailbox, ie. an Internet mailbox associated with exactly one owner, the first owner of this mailbox. This is a 'static inverse functional property', in that there is (across time and change) at most one individual that ever has any particular value for foaf:mbox.
E-Mail-Adresse
personal mailbox
points to an object that helped the agent perform the action (e.g., John wrote a book with a pen)
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nutzt Instrument
uses instrument
Textual description of a processing step within a research process to enable or facilitate its reproducibility
Textuelle Beschreibung eines Verarbeitungsschritts innerhalb eines Forschungsprozesses, um dessen Reproduzierbarkeit zu erleichtern oder zu ermöglichen
Verwendungshinweis
usage instruction
Projektenddatum
end date of a project
project end date
Points to a timestamp associated with an assignment; there are multiple kinds of timestamp datatype properties, which are included here from schema.org
has assignment timestamp
hat Zuweisungszeitstempel
Points to a date(time) of creation of an assignment
has date assignment created
hat Datumszuweisung erzeugt
Points to a date(time) of deletion of an assignment
has date assignment deleted
hat Datumszuweisung gelöscht
Points to a date(time) of modification of an assignment
has date assignment modified
hat Datumszuweisung bearbeitet
Points to a date(time) at which the validity of an assignment begins
has date assignment valid from
hat Datumszuweisung gültig ab
Points to a date(time) at which the validity of an assignment ends
has date assignment valid until
hat Datumszuweisung gültig bis
Represents the highest value of a multi-valued variable
has maximum value
hat Maximalwert
Represents the lowest value of a multi-valued variable
has minimum value
hat Minimalwert
Represents the numerical value of a real
has numerical value
hat Zahlenwert
has research organization registry id
hat Forschungsorganisationsid
A Research Organization Registry identifier that persistently and uniquely identifies a research organization
Ein persistenter Identifikator für Organisationen, vergeben durch die Research Organization Registry, der eine Forschungseinrichtung eindeutig identifiziert.
has ROR ID
hat ROR ID
Describes the spacing of a multi-valued variable
has step size
hat Schrittweite
A character string of any length
Eine Zeichenkette (Text) beliebiger Länge.
has string value
hat Zeichenwert
Buchstabe oder Zeichenkette, die eine Variable repräsentiert
Letter or string that denotes a variable
has symbol
hat Symbol
A value of any type
Ein beliebiger Wert
has value
hat Wert
Textual and human readable description of a variable in a research context
Textuelle und menschenlesbare Beschreibung einer Variablen im Forschungskontext
has variable description
hat Variablenbeschreibung
besitzt eindeutigen Identifikator
has unique identifier
is represented through identifier
wird durch Identifikator repräsentiert
A systematically built alphanumeric string that identifies a unique object (e.g. a person, a publication, an organisation, a research activity, a sample, etc.) or a unique class of objects.
has identifier
hat Identifikator
Open Researcher and Contributor ID: an identifier, that allows unique identification of a person, usually active in research.
Open Researcher and Contributor ID: ein persistenter Identifikator, der eine in der Forschung tätige Person eindeutig identifiziert.
has ORCID ID
hat ORCID ID
An alphanumeric identifier for a project. We recommend using an identifier which is understandable outside the involved institutions and possibly resolvable and persistent, such as the [Research Activity Identifier (RAiD)](https://raid.org/) or a funder-given ID (see for example the [DFG project database](https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/OCTOPUS) or the [EU project database](https://ec.europa.eu/info/funding-tenders/opportunities/portal/screen/opportunities/projects-results)).
Eine alphanumerische ID zur Referenzierung eines Projekts. Wir empfehlen die Nutzung einer auch außerhalb der teilnehmenden Institutionen verständlichen ID, am besten persistent und mit einem Resolving-System verknüpft, wie bspw. die [Research Activity Identifier (RAiD)](https://raid.org/) oder eine von einem Förderer zugewiesene ID (siehe bspw. die [DFG-Projektendatenbank](https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/OCTOPUS) oder die [EU-Projektendatenbank](https://ec.europa.eu/info/funding-tenders/opportunities/portal/screen/opportunities/projects-results)).
has project ID
hat Projekt-ID
Startdatum eines Projekts
start date of a project
Projektstartdatum
project start date
The size of a distribution in bytes.
Dateigröße (in Byte)
file size (in bytes)
The size in bytes can be approximated when the precise size is not known. The literal value of dcat:byteSize should by typed as xsd:decimal.
Minimum spatial separation resolvable in a dataset, measured in metres.
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räumliche Auflösung (in Metern)
spatial resolution (in metres)
Alternative spatial resolutions might be provided as different dataset distributions.
If the dataset is an image or grid this should correspond to the spacing of items. For other kinds of spatial dataset, this property will usually indicate the smallest distance between items in the dataset.
Minimum time period resolvable in a dataset.
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temporal resolution
zeitliche Auflösung
Alternative temporal resolutions might be provided as different dataset distributions.
If the dataset is a time-series this should correspond to the spacing of items in the series. For other kinds of dataset, this property will usually indicate the smallest time difference between items in the dataset.
Vorname
first name
Nachname
last name
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Anrede
salutation
points to the coverage factor, i.e., to a factor (greater than or equal to unity) by which the expanded uncertainty relates to the standard uncertainty
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has coverage factor
hat Überdeckungsfaktor
points to the probability (between 0 and 1) ascribed to the event of the actual value falling within the range asserted by the given uncertainty declaration
has coverage probability
hat Deckungswahrscheinlichkeit
points to a descriptor/label of the assumed underlying distribution
has statistical distribution
hat statistische Verteilung
upper boundary of the coverage interval
has interval maximum
hat Intervallmaximum
lower boundary of the coverage interval
has interval minimum
hat Intervallminimum
The standard measurement uncertainty is the measurement uncertainty expressed as a standard deviation
has standard uncertainty
hat Standardunsicherheit
absolute magnitude of the indicated uncertainty
has uncertainty
hat Unsicherheit
The endTime of something. For a reserved event or service (e.g. FoodEstablishmentReservation), the time that it is expected to end. For actions that span a period of time, when the action was performed. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December. For media, including audio and video, it's the time offset of the end of a clip within a larger file. Note that Event uses startDate/endDate instead of startTime/endTime, even when describing dates with times. This situation may be clarified in future revisions.
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Endzeit
end time
The startTime of something. For a reserved event or service (e.g. FoodEstablishmentReservation), the time that it is expected to start. For actions that span a period of time, when the action was performed. e.g. John wrote a book from January to December. For media, including audio and video, it's the time offset of the start of a clip within a larger file. Note that Event uses startDate/endDate instead of startTime/endTime, even when describing dates with times. This situation may be clarified in future revisions.
Startzeit
start time
The 'temporal' property can be used in cases where more specific properties (e.g., dateCreated, dateModified, datePublished) are not known to be appropriate
has timestamp
hat Zeitstempel
A component of the structure of a RecordSet, such as a column of a table.
Ein Bestandteil der Struktur eines RecordSets wie z.B. eine Spalte einer Tabelle
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Field
Feld
An individual file that is part of a dataset.
Eine Einzeldatei, die Teil eines Datensatzes ist.
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file object
Dateiobject
A set of homogeneous files extracted from a container, optionally filtered by inclusion and/or exclusion filters.
Ein Satz homogener Dateien, die aus einem Container extrahiert wurden, optional gefiltert durch Einschluss- und/oder Ausschlussfilter.
file set
Dateimenge
record set
Menge von Einträgen
A description of a set of structured records from one or more data sources and their structure, expressed as a set of fields.
Eine Beschreibung einer Menge strukturierter Einträge von einer oder mehrerer Datenquellen mit ihrer Struktur, ausgedrückt durch eine Menge von Feldern
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Process, i.e., a physical entity with a temporal evolution that 'has a meaning for the ontologist'
Prozess
process
To say that b is a realizable entity is to say that b is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region and is of a type instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [058-002])
realisierbare Entität
realizable entity
A record that uniquely describes a particular textual or data publication (or a work in preparation for publication). Each bibliographic record is a set of entities describing aspects of the referenced work, including, for example, but not restricted to: authors, title, journal, publication year, DOI, ISSN, publisher and copyright information, or, in the case of a data publication: creators, title, version, archive, publication year, DOI or other identifier). The FRBR expression of a bibliographic record is a bibliographic reference, which usually contains only a sub-set of these entities, ordered in a particular way that corresponds to the house style of the publication in which it occurs.
bibliografischer Eintrag
bibliographic record
A Quantity Kind is any observable property that can be measured and quantified numerically. Familiar examples include physical properties such as length, mass, time, force, energy, power, electric charge, etc. Less familiar examples include currency, interest rate, price to earning ratio, and information capacity.
Kind of quantity, i.e., a physical/chemical quantity from a controlled vocabulary, such as QUDT, IEC, or EMMO
Größenart
quantity kind
A unit of measure, or unit is a particular quantity value that has been chosen as a scale for measuring other quantities the same kind (more generally of equivalent dimension). For example, the meter is a quantity of length that has been rigorously defined and standardized by the BIPM (International Board of Weights and Measures). Any measurement of the length can be expressed as a number multiplied by the unit meter. More formally, the value of physical quanitity Q with respect to a unit (U) is expressed as the scalar multiple of a real number (n) and U, as Q = nU.
changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, added German label, harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated)
Einheit
unit
Abstract description of a method for analysis, generation and transformation of data and material objects like, e.g., 'Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy' or 'Molecular Dynamics Simulation'. Note that while values for relevant parameters should be provided, m4i:Method does not refer to the actual execution of the process that is described (use m4i:ProcessingStep for that), but rather a description of the underlying principle.
Methode
method
Assignment by which a variable (e.g., a physical property) is assigned an si:Real quantity value (scalar x measurement unit) in some context (e.g., applied to some object of research)
numerical assignment
numerische Zuweisung
A variable that expects a float or integer as a value
Eine Variable, die eine Zahl als Wert erwartet
numerical variable
numerische Variable
Specific action undertaken during research
Arbeitsschritt
processing step
A variable that expects a string of characters as a value
Eine Variable, die eine Zeichenkette als Wert erwartet
text variable
textbasierte Variable
Object that helps an agent perform an action (e.g., John wrote a book with a pen), i.e., an object of the relation schema:instrument or m4i:hasTool
Werkzeug
tool
Declaration that can be applied to an si:Real quantity value to give an assessment of uncertainty
Unsicherheitsdeklaration
uncertainty declaration
Assignment, i.e., a data item by which a value is assigned to a variable with respect to a particular referent (e.g., T = 200 K for substance o as it was measured in a particular cognitive step); therein, T is the variable, related to the assignment by m4i:hasVariable, 200 K is the value, related to the assignment by m4i:hasValue, and o is the referent, related to the assignment by isAssignmentFor
assignment
Zuweisung
Property, i.e., a variable that can be considered (as an investigated property, i.e., target property) within a processing step
Eigenschaft
property
Quantity value, i.e., a value that has a numerical magnitude and a physical unit
Größenwert
quantity value
Value, i.e., an articulation that is by social convention understood to be potentially assignable to a variable
value
Wert
Variable, i.e., a conventional that is employed for something to which values can be assigned (this may include different notations for the same variable including, e.g., computational representations); this is to be understood very generally, e.g., a variable may be an array or set of elements or have another kind of internal structure
Variable
variable
A collection of data, published or curated by a single source, and available for access or download in one or more representations.
Datensatz
dataset
The notion of dataset in DCAT is broad and inclusive, with the intention of accommodating resource types arising from all communities. Data comes in many forms including numbers, text, pixels, imagery, sound and other multi-media, and potentially other types, any of which might be collected into a dataset.
This class describes the conceptual dataset. One or more representations might be available, with differing schematic layouts and formats or serializations.
A collection of datasets that are published separately, but share some common characteristics that groups them.
changed by m4i: added skos:prefLabel, added german labels, removed redundant notes, extracted from DCAT3-Documentation https://www.w3.org/TR/vocab-dcat-3/#Class:Dataset_Series
Datensatzserie
dataset series
A specific representation of a dataset. A dataset might be available in multiple serializations that may differ in various ways, including natural language, media-type or format, schematic organization, temporal and spatial resolution, level of detail or profiles (which might specify any or all of the above).
Verteilung
distribution
An activity is something that occurs over a period of time and acts upon or with entities; it may include consuming, processing, transforming, modifying, relocating, using, or generating entities.
Eine Aktivität ist etwas, das über einen Zeitraum und mit oder an Entitäten erfolgt; dazu kann das Verbrauchen, Verarbeiten, Transformieren, Modifizieren, Relokalisieren, Verwenden, oder die Genese von Entitäten gehören.
activity
Aktivität
An agent is something that bears some form of responsibility for an activity taking place, for the existence of an entity, or for another agent's activity.
changed by m4i: added german labels, added skos:prefLabel, added skos:definition, added german definition, added instances
Akteur
agent
An instance of prov:Association provides additional descriptions about the binary prov:wasAssociatedWith relation from an prov:Activity to some prov:Agent that had some responsiblity for it. For example, :baking prov:wasAssociatedWith :baker; prov:qualifiedssociation [ a prov:Association; prov:agent :baker; :foo :bar ].
changed by m4i: harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated)
association
Verknüpfung
An organization is a social or legal institution such as a company, society, etc.
Eine Organisation ist eine soziale oder rechtliche Institution wie ein Unternehmen, ein Verein usw.
Organisation
organization
Eine Person als Akteur ist eine natürliche Person, also ein handelnder Mensch.
Person agents are people.
Person
person
A role is the function of an entity or agent with respect to an activity, in the context of a usage, generation, invalidation, association, start, and end.
changed by m4i: added german labels, added skos:prefLabel, added skos:definition, added german definition, added instances, harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated)
role
Rolle des Akteurs
A software agent is running software.
Ein Software als Akteur ist ein Stück laufender Programmcode, der eine Aufgabe in einem Prozess übernimmt.
Software-Akteur
software agent
DEPRECATED An agent (eg. person, group, software or physical artifact).
exchanged foaf:Agent by prov:Agent to fulfill range definition of prov:agent property
Remove foaf:Group, use prov:Organization instead
Replace foaf:Organization by prov:Organization
Structure for stating a probabilistic-symmetric coverage interval for a real uncertainty, to be applied to an si:Real quantity value
coverage interval
Überdeckungsintervall
Structure for stating an expanded measurement, model, or simulation uncertainty, e.g., to be applied to an si:Real quantity value
erweiterte Unsicherheit
expanded uncertainty
(Real value +- uncertainty) x measurement unit, i.e., a scalar value with a measurement unit and an uncertainty indication
real
Reell
A utility class that serves as the umbrella for a number of 'intangible' things such as quantities, structured values, etc.
intangible
Ungreifbares
An enterprise (potentially individual but typically collaborative), planned to achieve a particular aim
Ein typischerweise kollektives Unterfangen zum Erreichen eines vorab geplanten Ziels
changed by m4i: added German definition, added language tag to English definition, shortened definition
changed by m4i: use of skos:prefLabel instead of rdfs:label, added German label, added language tag to English label, harmonized spelling to OBO naming conventions (lower case, space separated)
project
Projekt
A research project
ein Forschungsprojekt
changed by m4i: changed label to "research project" (no CamelCase)
Forschungsprojekt
research project
Person with knowledge of how to access, troubleshoot, or otherwise field issues related to the resource
Kontaktperson
contact person
May also be the "Point of Contact" in an organisation that controls access to the resource, if that organisation is different from the Publisher, Distributor, and Data Manager.
Person/institution responsible for finding or gathering/collecting data under the guidelines of the author(s) or Principal Investigator (PI)
Datenerfasser*in
data collector
May also be used when crediting survey conductors, interviewers, event or condition observers, or persons responsible for monitoring key instrument data.
Person tasked with reviewing, enhancing, cleaning, or standardizing metadata and the associated data submitted for storage, use, and maintenance within a data centre or repository
Datenkurator*in
data curator
While the DataManager is concerned with digital maintenance, the DataCurator's role encompasses quality assurance focused on content and metadata. DataCurator responsibilities include: checking completeness of the submitted dataset against the content as described by the submitter; verifying standard metadata according to the applicable system or schema; adding or verifying specialized metadata to add value and ensure access across disciplines; and determining how the metadata might map to search engines, database products, and automated feeds. Repository managers as well as data librarians working in the repository fall within this category. Example: https://doi.org/10.20375/0000-000D-1D1F-2
Person (or organisation with a staff of data managers, such as a data centre) responsible for maintaining the finished resource
Datenverwalter*in
data manager
The work done by this person or organisation ensures that the resource is periodically "refreshed" in terms of software/hardware support, is kept available or is protected from unauthorized access, is stored in accordance with industry standards, and is handled in accordance with the records management requirements applicable to it. Example: https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/41b3ed2e152e1e4c3846e646118208e7
Institution tasked with responsibility to generate/disseminate copies of the resource in either electronic or print form
Anbieter*in
distributor
Works stored in more than one archive/repository may credit each as a distributor.
A person who oversees the details related to the publication format of the resource
Herausgeber*in
editor
Note: if the Editor is to be credited in place of multiple creators, the Editor's name may be supplied as Creator, with "(Ed.)" appended to the name.
Typically, the organisation allowing the resource to be available on the internet through the provision of its hardware/software/operating support
bereitstellende Institution
hosting institution
This role normally falls on the University, research center or organization where the data center/data repository belongs. EXAMPLE: Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA) May also be used for an organisation that stores the data offline-often a data centre if that data centre is not the "publisher" of the resource.
Any person or institution making a significant contribution to the development and/or maintenance of the resource, but whose contribution is notadequately described by any of the other values for contributorType
other person
weitere Person
Could be a photographer, artist, or writer whose contribution helped to publicize the resource (as opposed to creating it), a reviewer of the resource, someone providing administrative services to the author (such as depositing updates into an online repository, analysing usage, etc.), or one of many other roles.
Typically,a person or organisation responsible for the artistry and form of a media product
Produzent*in
producer
In the data industry, this may be a company "producing" DVDs that package data for future dissemination by a distributor.
Person officially designated as head of project team or sub-project team instrumental in the work necessary to development of the resource
Projektleiter*in
project leader
The Project Leader is not "removed" from the work that resulted in the resource; he or she remains intimately involved
Person officially designated as manager of a project. Project may consist of one or many project teams and sub-teams.
Projektmanager*in
project manager
The manager of a project normally has more administrative responsibility than actual work involvement.
Person on the membership list of a designated project/project team
Projektmitglied
project member
This vocabulary may or may not indicate the quality, quantity, or substance of the person's involvement.
Institution/organisation officially appointed by a Registration Authority to handle specific tasks within a defined area of responsibility
Registrierungsstelle
registration agency
DataCite is a Registration Agency for the International DOI Foundation (IDF). One of DataCite’s tasks is to assign DOI prefixes to the allocating agents who then assign the full, specific character string to data clients, provide metadata back to the DataCite registry, etc.
A standards-setting body from which Registration Agencies obtain official recognition and guidance
Registrierungsbehörde
registration authority
The IDF serves as the Registration Authority for the International Standards Organisation (ISO) in the area/domain of Digital Object Identifiers.
A person without a specifically defined role in the development of the resource, but who is someone the author wishes to recognize
related person
zugehörige Person
This person could be an author's intellectual mentor, a person providing intellectual leadership in the discipline or subject domain, etc.
Typically refers to a group of individuals with a lab, department, or divisionthathas a specifically defined focus of activity.
Forschungsgruppe
research group
May operate at a narrower level of scope; may or may not hold less administrative responsibility than a project team. Example: Space Research & Planetary Sciences Division of the University of Bern (WP Unibe) Source: https://doi.org/10.26302/SSHADE/EXPERIMENT_OP_20201104_001
A person involved in analysing data or the results of an experiment or formal study. May indicate an intern or assistant to one of the authors who helped with research but who was not so “key” as to be listed as an author.
Rechercheur*in
researcher
Should be a person, not an institution. Note that a person involved in the gathering of data would fall under the contributorType "DataCollector." The researcher may find additional data online and correlate it to the data collected for the experiment or study, for example.
Person or institution owning or managing property rights, including intellectual property rights over the resource
Rechteinhaber*in
rights holder
Person or organisation that issued a contract or under the auspices of which a work has been written, printed, published, developed, etc.
Sponsor*in
sponsor
Includes organisations that provide in-kind support, through donation, provision of people or a facility or instrumentation necessary for the development of the resource, etc.
Designated administrator over one or more groups/teams working to produce a resource, or over one or more steps of a development process
Betreuer*in
supervisor
A Work Package is a recognized data product, not all of which is included in publication. The package, instead, may include notes, discarded documents, etc. The Work Package Leader is responsible for ensuring the comprehensive contents, versioning, and availability of the Work Package during the development of the resource.
Arbeitspaketleiter*in
work package leader