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5733be284776f41900661180 | University_of_Notre_Dame | Architecturally, the school has a Catholic character. Atop the Main Building's gold dome is a golden statue of the Virgin Mary. Immediately in front of the Main Building and facing it, is a copper statue of Christ with arms upraised with the legend "Venite Ad Me Omnes". Next to the Main Building is the Basilica of the ... | The Basilica of the Sacred heart at Notre Dame is beside to which structure? | {
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0.1071612089... | Atop the Main Building's gold dome is a golden statue of the Virgin Mary. | false | FAC | 124 | 2 |
5733bed24776f41900661188 | University_of_Notre_Dame | The university is the major seat of the Congregation of Holy Cross (albeit not its official headquarters, which are in Rome). Its main seminary, Moreau Seminary, is located on the campus across St. Joseph lake from the Main Building. Old College, the oldest building on campus and located near the shore of St. Mary lake... | Where is the headquarters of the Congregation of the Holy Cross? | {
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0.175230... | The university is the major seat of the Congregation of Holy Cross (albeit not its official headquarters, which are in Rome). | false | GPE | 112 | 10 |
5733bed24776f41900661189 | University_of_Notre_Dame | The university is the major seat of the Congregation of Holy Cross (albeit not its official headquarters, which are in Rome). Its main seminary, Moreau Seminary, is located on the campus across St. Joseph lake from the Main Building. Old College, the oldest building on campus and located near the shore of St. Mary lake... | What is the primary seminary of the Congregation of the Holy Cross? | {
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0.103760913014411... | Its main seminary, Moreau Seminary, is located on the campus across St. Joseph lake from the Main Building. | false | ORG | 112 | 11 |
5733bed24776f4190066118a | University_of_Notre_Dame | The university is the major seat of the Congregation of Holy Cross (albeit not its official headquarters, which are in Rome). Its main seminary, Moreau Seminary, is located on the campus across St. Joseph lake from the Main Building. Old College, the oldest building on campus and located near the shore of St. Mary lake... | What is the oldest structure at Notre Dame? | {
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0.152285546... | Old College, the oldest building on campus and located near the shore of St. Mary lake, houses undergraduate seminarians. | false | ORG | 112 | 12 |
5733a6424776f41900660f51 | University_of_Notre_Dame | The College of Engineering was established in 1920, however, early courses in civil and mechanical engineering were a part of the College of Science since the 1870s. Today the college, housed in the Fitzpatrick, Cushing, and Stinson-Remick Halls of Engineering, includes five departments of study – aerospace and mechani... | How many BS level degrees are offered in the College of Engineering at Notre Dame? | {
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0.15634241700172424... | Today the college, housed in the Fitzpatrick, Cushing, and Stinson-Remick Halls of Engineering, includes five departments of study – aerospace and mechanical engineering, chemical and biomolecular engineering, civil engineering and geological sciences, computer science and engineering, and electrical engineering – with... | false | CARDINAL | 101 | 15 |
5733a6424776f41900660f4e | University_of_Notre_Dame | The College of Engineering was established in 1920, however, early courses in civil and mechanical engineering were a part of the College of Science since the 1870s. Today the college, housed in the Fitzpatrick, Cushing, and Stinson-Remick Halls of Engineering, includes five departments of study – aerospace and mechani... | In what year was the College of Engineering at Notre Dame formed? | {
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5733a6424776f41900660f4f | University_of_Notre_Dame | The College of Engineering was established in 1920, however, early courses in civil and mechanical engineering were a part of the College of Science since the 1870s. Today the college, housed in the Fitzpatrick, Cushing, and Stinson-Remick Halls of Engineering, includes five departments of study – aerospace and mechani... | Before the creation of the College of Engineering similar studies were carried out at which Notre Dame college? | {
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5733a6424776f41900660f50 | University_of_Notre_Dame | The College of Engineering was established in 1920, however, early courses in civil and mechanical engineering were a part of the College of Science since the 1870s. Today the college, housed in the Fitzpatrick, Cushing, and Stinson-Remick Halls of Engineering, includes five departments of study – aerospace and mechani... | How many departments are within the Stinson-Remick Hall of Engineering? | {
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5733a6424776f41900660f52 | University_of_Notre_Dame | The College of Engineering was established in 1920, however, early courses in civil and mechanical engineering were a part of the College of Science since the 1870s. Today the college, housed in the Fitzpatrick, Cushing, and Stinson-Remick Halls of Engineering, includes five departments of study – aerospace and mechani... | The College of Science began to offer civil engineering courses beginning at what time at Notre Dame? | {
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5733a70c4776f41900660f62 | University_of_Notre_Dame | All of Notre Dame's undergraduate students are a part of one of the five undergraduate colleges at the school or are in the First Year of Studies program. The First Year of Studies program was established in 1962 to guide incoming freshmen in their first year at the school before they have declared a major. Each studen... | How many colleges for undergraduates are at Notre Dame? | {
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0.0572619996964931... | All of Notre Dame's undergraduate students are a part of one of the five undergraduate colleges at the school or are in the First Year of Studies program. | false | CARDINAL | 114 | 21 |
5733a70c4776f41900660f65 | University_of_Notre_Dame | All of Notre Dame's undergraduate students are a part of one of the five undergraduate colleges at the school or are in the First Year of Studies program. The First Year of Studies program was established in 1962 to guide incoming freshmen in their first year at the school before they have declared a major. Each studen... | Which organization declared the First Year of Studies program at Notre Dame "outstanding?" | {
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} | Which organization declared the [MASK] program at [MASK]" outstanding?" | [
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5733ac31d058e614000b5ff4 | University_of_Notre_Dame | The Joan B. Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies at the University of Notre Dame is dedicated to research, education and outreach on the causes of violent conflict and the conditions for sustainable peace. It offers PhD, Master's, and undergraduate degrees in peace studies. It was founded in 1986 through the ... | In what year was the Joan B. Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies founded? | {
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0.2741677... | It was founded in 1986 through the donations of Joan B. Kroc, the widow of McDonald's owner Ray Kroc. | false | DATE | 97 | 31 |
5733ac31d058e614000b5ff5 | University_of_Notre_Dame | The Joan B. Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies at the University of Notre Dame is dedicated to research, education and outreach on the causes of violent conflict and the conditions for sustainable peace. It offers PhD, Master's, and undergraduate degrees in peace studies. It was founded in 1986 through the ... | To whom was John B. Kroc married? | {
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0.103582814... | It was founded in 1986 through the donations of Joan B. Kroc, the widow of McDonald's owner Ray Kroc. | false | PERSON | 97 | 32 |
5733ad384776f41900660fec | University_of_Notre_Dame | The library system of the university is divided between the main library and each of the colleges and schools. The main building is the 14-story Theodore M. Hesburgh Library, completed in 1963, which is the third building to house the main collection of books. The front of the library is adorned with the Word of Life m... | How many stories tall is the main library at Notre Dame? | {
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} | How many stories tall is the main library at [MASK]? | [
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0.1302697956562... | The main building is the 14-story Theodore M. Hesburgh Library, completed in 1963, which is the third building to house the main collection of books. | false | CARDINAL | 89 | 34 |
5733ad384776f41900660fed | University_of_Notre_Dame | The library system of the university is divided between the main library and each of the colleges and schools. The main building is the 14-story Theodore M. Hesburgh Library, completed in 1963, which is the third building to house the main collection of books. The front of the library is adorned with the Word of Life m... | What is the name of the main library at Notre Dame? | {
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} | What is the name of the main library at [MASK]? | [
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5733ad384776f41900660fee | University_of_Notre_Dame | The library system of the university is divided between the main library and each of the colleges and schools. The main building is the 14-story Theodore M. Hesburgh Library, completed in 1963, which is the third building to house the main collection of books. The front of the library is adorned with the Word of Life m... | In what year was the Theodore M. Hesburgh Library at Notre Dame finished? | {
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5733ad384776f41900660fef | University_of_Notre_Dame | The library system of the university is divided between the main library and each of the colleges and schools. The main building is the 14-story Theodore M. Hesburgh Library, completed in 1963, which is the third building to house the main collection of books. The front of the library is adorned with the Word of Life m... | Which artist created the mural on the Theodore M. Hesburgh Library? | {
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5733ad384776f41900660ff0 | University_of_Notre_Dame | The library system of the university is divided between the main library and each of the colleges and schools. The main building is the 14-story Theodore M. Hesburgh Library, completed in 1963, which is the third building to house the main collection of books. The front of the library is adorned with the Word of Life m... | What is a common name to reference the mural created by Millard Sheets at Notre Dame? | {
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} | What is a common name to reference the mural created by [MASK] at [MASK]? | [
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0.071437060832... | This mural is popularly known as "Touchdown Jesus" because of its proximity to Notre Dame Stadium and Jesus' arms appearing to make the signal for a touchdown. | false | WORK_OF_ART | 89 | 38 |
5733b1da4776f41900661068 | University_of_Notre_Dame | In 1882, Albert Zahm (John Zahm's brother) built an early wind tunnel used to compare lift to drag of aeronautical models. Around 1899, Professor Jerome Green became the first American to send a wireless message. In 1931, Father Julius Nieuwland performed early work on basic reactions that was used to create neoprene. ... | In what year did Albert Zahm begin comparing aeronatical models at Notre Dame? | {
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} | In what year did [MASK] begin comparing aeronatical models at [MASK]? | [
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5733b3d64776f419006610a3 | University_of_Notre_Dame | The Review of Politics was founded in 1939 by Gurian, modeled after German Catholic journals. It quickly emerged as part of an international Catholic intellectual revival, offering an alternative vision to positivist philosophy. For 44 years, the Review was edited by Gurian, Matthew Fitzsimons, Frederick Crosson, and T... | Gurian created what in 1939 at Notre Dame? | {
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5733b5344776f419006610dd | University_of_Notre_Dame | As of 2012[update] research continued in many fields. The university president, John Jenkins, described his hope that Notre Dame would become "one of the pre–eminent research institutions in the world" in his inaugural address. The university has many multi-disciplinary institutes devoted to research in varying fields,... | Who was the president of Notre Dame in 2012? | {
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} | Who was the president of [MASK] in [MASK]? | [
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5733b5344776f419006610de | University_of_Notre_Dame | As of 2012[update] research continued in many fields. The university president, John Jenkins, described his hope that Notre Dame would become "one of the pre–eminent research institutions in the world" in his inaugural address. The university has many multi-disciplinary institutes devoted to research in varying fields,... | The Kellogg Institute for International Studies is part of which university? | {
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0.145445346832... | The university president, John Jenkins, described his hope that Notre Dame would become "one of the pre–eminent research institutions in the world" in his inaugural address. | false | ORG | 139 | 69 |
5733b5344776f419006610e0 | University_of_Notre_Dame | As of 2012[update] research continued in many fields. The university president, John Jenkins, described his hope that Notre Dame would become "one of the pre–eminent research institutions in the world" in his inaugural address. The university has many multi-disciplinary institutes devoted to research in varying fields,... | In what year did Notre Dame begin to host the Global Adaptation Index? | {
"answer_start": [
753
],
"text": [
"2013"
]
} | In what year did [MASK] begin to host the Global Adaptation Index? | [
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57338724d058e614000b5c9e | University_of_Notre_Dame | In 1919 Father James Burns became president of Notre Dame, and in three years he produced an academic revolution that brought the school up to national standards by adopting the elective system and moving away from the university's traditional scholastic and classical emphasis. By contrast, the Jesuit colleges, bastion... | Over how many years did the change to national standards undertaken at Notre Dame in the early 20th century take place? | {
"answer_start": [
66
],
"text": [
"three years"
]
} | Over how many years did the change to national standards undertaken at [MASK] in [MASK] take place? | [
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57338724d058e614000b5ca0 | University_of_Notre_Dame | In 1919 Father James Burns became president of Notre Dame, and in three years he produced an academic revolution that brought the school up to national standards by adopting the elective system and moving away from the university's traditional scholastic and classical emphasis. By contrast, the Jesuit colleges, bastion... | Those who attended a Jesuit college may have been forbidden from joining which Law School due to the curricula at the Jesuit institution? | {
"answer_start": [
430
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"text": [
"Harvard Law School"
]
} | Those who attended a [MASK] college may have been forbidden from joining which Law School due to the curricula at the [MASK] institution? | [
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573387acd058e614000b5cb1 | University_of_Notre_Dame | One of the main driving forces in the growth of the University was its football team, the Notre Dame Fighting Irish. Knute Rockne became head coach in 1918. Under Rockne, the Irish would post a record of 105 wins, 12 losses, and five ties. During his 13 years the Irish won three national championships, had five undefea... | The Notre Dame football team got a new head coach in 1918, who was it? | {
"answer_start": [
117
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"text": [
"Knute Rockne"
]
} | The [MASK] football team got a new head coach in [MASK], who was it? | [
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573387acd058e614000b5cb2 | University_of_Notre_Dame | One of the main driving forces in the growth of the University was its football team, the Notre Dame Fighting Irish. Knute Rockne became head coach in 1918. Under Rockne, the Irish would post a record of 105 wins, 12 losses, and five ties. During his 13 years the Irish won three national championships, had five undefea... | What was the amount of wins Knute Rockne attained at Notre Dame while head coach? | {
"answer_start": [
204
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"text": [
"105"
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} | What was the amount of wins [MASK] attained at [MASK] while head coach? | [
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573387acd058e614000b5cb5 | University_of_Notre_Dame | One of the main driving forces in the growth of the University was its football team, the Notre Dame Fighting Irish. Knute Rockne became head coach in 1918. Under Rockne, the Irish would post a record of 105 wins, 12 losses, and five ties. During his 13 years the Irish won three national championships, had five undefea... | In what year did the team lead by Knute Rockne win the Rose Bowl? | {
"answer_start": [
354
],
"text": [
"1925"
]
} | In what year did the team lead by [MASK] win [MASK]? | [
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573387acd058e614000b5cb4 | University_of_Notre_Dame | One of the main driving forces in the growth of the University was its football team, the Notre Dame Fighting Irish. Knute Rockne became head coach in 1918. Under Rockne, the Irish would post a record of 105 wins, 12 losses, and five ties. During his 13 years the Irish won three national championships, had five undefea... | How many national titles were won when Knute Rockne coached at Notre Dame? | {
"answer_start": [
274
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"text": [
"three"
]
} | How many national titles were won when [MASK] coached at [MASK]? | [
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57338a51d058e614000b5cf3 | University_of_Notre_Dame | Holy Cross Father John Francis O'Hara was elected vice-president in 1933 and president of Notre Dame in 1934. During his tenure at Notre Dame, he brought numerous refugee intellectuals to campus; he selected Frank H. Spearman, Jeremiah D. M. Ford, Irvin Abell, and Josephine Brownson for the Laetare Medal, instituted in... | Which year was the Laetare Medal first given out at Notre Dame? | {
"answer_start": [
321
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"text": [
"1883"
]
} | Which year was [MASK] [MASK] given out at [MASK]? | [
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573393184776f41900660da8 | University_of_Notre_Dame | The Rev. Theodore Hesburgh, C.S.C., (1917–2015) served as president for 35 years (1952–87) of dramatic transformations. In that time the annual operating budget rose by a factor of 18 from $9.7 million to $176.6 million, and the endowment by a factor of 40 from $9 million to $350 million, and research funding by a fact... | In the time that Hesburgh was president of Notre Dame by what factor did the operating budget increase? | {
"answer_start": [
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"text": [
"18"
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} | In the time that [MASK] was president of [MASK] by what factor did the operating budget increase? | [
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573393184776f41900660da9 | University_of_Notre_Dame | The Rev. Theodore Hesburgh, C.S.C., (1917–2015) served as president for 35 years (1952–87) of dramatic transformations. In that time the annual operating budget rose by a factor of 18 from $9.7 million to $176.6 million, and the endowment by a factor of 40 from $9 million to $350 million, and research funding by a fact... | What was the size of the Notre Dame endowment when Theodore Hesburgh became president? | {
"answer_start": [
262
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"text": [
"$9 million"
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} | What was the size of the [MASK] endowment when [MASK] became president? | [
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573393184776f41900660daa | University_of_Notre_Dame | The Rev. Theodore Hesburgh, C.S.C., (1917–2015) served as president for 35 years (1952–87) of dramatic transformations. In that time the annual operating budget rose by a factor of 18 from $9.7 million to $176.6 million, and the endowment by a factor of 40 from $9 million to $350 million, and research funding by a fact... | How many faculty members were at Notre Dame when Hesburgh left the role of president? | {
"answer_start": [
439
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"text": [
"950"
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} | How many faculty members were at [MASK] when [MASK] left the role of president? | [
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573394c84776f41900660ddf | University_of_Notre_Dame | In the 18 years under the presidency of Edward Malloy, C.S.C., (1987–2005), there was a rapid growth in the school's reputation, faculty, and resources. He increased the faculty by more than 500 professors; the academic quality of the student body has improved dramatically, with the average SAT score rising from 1240 t... | What was the SAT score, on average, at Notre Dame when Edward Malloy became president? | {
"answer_start": [
314
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"text": [
"1240"
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} | What was the SAT score, on average, at [MASK] when [MASK] became president? | [
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573394c84776f41900660de0 | University_of_Notre_Dame | In the 18 years under the presidency of Edward Malloy, C.S.C., (1987–2005), there was a rapid growth in the school's reputation, faculty, and resources. He increased the faculty by more than 500 professors; the academic quality of the student body has improved dramatically, with the average SAT score rising from 1240 t... | When Malloy became president of Notre Dame what was the size of the endowment? | {
"answer_start": [
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"$350 million"
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} | When [MASK] became president of [MASK] what was the size of the endowment? | [
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573394c84776f41900660de1 | University_of_Notre_Dame | In the 18 years under the presidency of Edward Malloy, C.S.C., (1987–2005), there was a rapid growth in the school's reputation, faculty, and resources. He increased the faculty by more than 500 professors; the academic quality of the student body has improved dramatically, with the average SAT score rising from 1240 t... | When Malloy reached the end of his time as president how much annuals funding for research did Notre Dame have? | {
"answer_start": [
576
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"text": [
"more than $70 million"
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} | When [MASK] reached the end of his time as president how much [MASK] funding for research did [MASK] have? | [
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5733974d4776f41900660e17 | University_of_Notre_Dame | Since 2005, Notre Dame has been led by John I. Jenkins, C.S.C., the 17th president of the university. Jenkins took over the position from Malloy on July 1, 2005. In his inaugural address, Jenkins described his goals of making the university a leader in research that recognizes ethics and building the connection between... | When did John Jenkins become the president of Notre Dame? | {
"answer_start": [
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"text": [
"2005"
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} | When did [MASK] become the president of [MASK]? | [
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5733974d4776f41900660e18 | University_of_Notre_Dame | Since 2005, Notre Dame has been led by John I. Jenkins, C.S.C., the 17th president of the university. Jenkins took over the position from Malloy on July 1, 2005. In his inaugural address, Jenkins described his goals of making the university a leader in research that recognizes ethics and building the connection between... | In terms of the amount of presidents Notre Dame has had, where is John Jenkins on the list? | {
"answer_start": [
68
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"17th"
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} | In terms of the amount of presidents [MASK] has had, where is [MASK] on the list? | [
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5733974d4776f41900660e19 | University_of_Notre_Dame | Since 2005, Notre Dame has been led by John I. Jenkins, C.S.C., the 17th president of the university. Jenkins took over the position from Malloy on July 1, 2005. In his inaugural address, Jenkins described his goals of making the university a leader in research that recognizes ethics and building the connection between... | Who was the Notre Dame president that preceded John Jenkins? | {
"answer_start": [
138
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"Malloy"
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} | Who was the [MASK] president that preceded [MASK]? | [
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5733974d4776f41900660e1a | University_of_Notre_Dame | Since 2005, Notre Dame has been led by John I. Jenkins, C.S.C., the 17th president of the university. Jenkins took over the position from Malloy on July 1, 2005. In his inaugural address, Jenkins described his goals of making the university a leader in research that recognizes ethics and building the connection between... | Which arena was constructed under Jenkins at Notre Dame? | {
"answer_start": [
488
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"text": [
"Compton Family Ice Arena"
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} | Which arena was constructed under [MASK] at [MASK]? | [
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5733974d4776f41900660e1b | University_of_Notre_Dame | Since 2005, Notre Dame has been led by John I. Jenkins, C.S.C., the 17th president of the university. Jenkins took over the position from Malloy on July 1, 2005. In his inaugural address, Jenkins described his goals of making the university a leader in research that recognizes ethics and building the connection between... | How much money was spent on enhancing Notre Dame Stadium under John Jenkins? | {
"answer_start": [
596
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"text": [
"$400m"
]
} | How much money was spent on enhancing [MASK] under [MASK]? | [
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573398ebd058e614000b5e67 | University_of_Notre_Dame | A Science Hall was built in 1883 under the direction of Fr. Zahm, but in 1950 it was converted to a student union building and named LaFortune Center, after Joseph LaFortune, an oil executive from Tulsa, Oklahoma. Commonly known as "LaFortune" or "LaFun," it is a 4-story building of 83,000 square feet that provides the... | In what year did the student union building at Notre Dame get renamed to LaFortune Center? | {
"answer_start": [
73
],
"text": [
"1950"
]
} | In what year did the student union building at [MASK] get renamed to [MASK]? | [
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573398ebd058e614000b5e68 | University_of_Notre_Dame | A Science Hall was built in 1883 under the direction of Fr. Zahm, but in 1950 it was converted to a student union building and named LaFortune Center, after Joseph LaFortune, an oil executive from Tulsa, Oklahoma. Commonly known as "LaFortune" or "LaFun," it is a 4-story building of 83,000 square feet that provides the... | After which individual was the LaFortune Center Notre Dame named? | {
"answer_start": [
157
],
"text": [
"Joseph LaFortune"
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} | After which individual was [MASK] [MASK] named? | [
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573398ebd058e614000b5e69 | University_of_Notre_Dame | A Science Hall was built in 1883 under the direction of Fr. Zahm, but in 1950 it was converted to a student union building and named LaFortune Center, after Joseph LaFortune, an oil executive from Tulsa, Oklahoma. Commonly known as "LaFortune" or "LaFun," it is a 4-story building of 83,000 square feet that provides the... | How large in square feet is the LaFortune Center at Notre Dame? | {
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284
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"83,000 square feet"
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} | How large in square feet is [MASK] at [MASK]? | [
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573398ebd058e614000b5e6a | University_of_Notre_Dame | A Science Hall was built in 1883 under the direction of Fr. Zahm, but in 1950 it was converted to a student union building and named LaFortune Center, after Joseph LaFortune, an oil executive from Tulsa, Oklahoma. Commonly known as "LaFortune" or "LaFun," it is a 4-story building of 83,000 square feet that provides the... | What is the annual budget of Notre Dame's LaFortune Center? | {
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535
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"$1.2 million"
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} | What is the annual budget of [MASK] [MASK]? | [
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57339b36d058e614000b5ea3 | University_of_Notre_Dame | The University of Notre Dame has made being a sustainability leader an integral part of its mission, creating the Office of Sustainability in 2008 to achieve a number of goals in the areas of power generation, design and construction, waste reduction, procurement, food services, transportation, and water.As of 2012[upd... | In what year did Notre Dame create the Office of Sustainability? | {
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142
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"2008"
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} | In what year did [MASK] create [MASK]? | [
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57339b36d058e614000b5ea4 | University_of_Notre_Dame | The University of Notre Dame has made being a sustainability leader an integral part of its mission, creating the Office of Sustainability in 2008 to achieve a number of goals in the areas of power generation, design and construction, waste reduction, procurement, food services, transportation, and water.As of 2012[upd... | What percentage of the food served at Notre Dame is locally grown? | {
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471
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"40%"
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} | What percentage of the food served at [MASK] is locally grown? | [
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57339c184776f41900660ea5 | University_of_Notre_Dame | The university owns several centers around the world used for international studies and research, conferences abroad, and alumni support. The university has had a presence in London, England, since 1968. Since 1998, its London center has been based in the former United University Club at 1 Suffolk Street in Trafalgar S... | In what year did Notre Dame first have a facility in England? | {
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198
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"1968"
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} | In what year did [MASK] [MASK] have a facility in [MASK]? | [
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0.22197972238... | The university has had a presence in London, England, since 1968. | false | DATE | 94 | 157 |
57339c184776f41900660ea8 | University_of_Notre_Dame | The university owns several centers around the world used for international studies and research, conferences abroad, and alumni support. The university has had a presence in London, England, since 1968. Since 1998, its London center has been based in the former United University Club at 1 Suffolk Street in Trafalgar S... | In what year did the Suffolk Street location start to house a Notre Dame facility? | {
"answer_start": [
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"1998"
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} | In what year did the [MASK] location start to house a [MASK] facility? | [
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5733a3cbd058e614000b5f3f | University_of_Notre_Dame | The College of Arts and Letters was established as the university's first college in 1842 with the first degrees given in 1849. The university's first academic curriculum was modeled after the Jesuit Ratio Studiorum from Saint Louis University. Today the college, housed in O'Shaughnessy Hall, includes 20 departments in... | What was Notre Dame's first college? | {
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} | What was [MASK] [MASK] college? | [
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5733a3cbd058e614000b5f40 | University_of_Notre_Dame | The College of Arts and Letters was established as the university's first college in 1842 with the first degrees given in 1849. The university's first academic curriculum was modeled after the Jesuit Ratio Studiorum from Saint Louis University. Today the college, housed in O'Shaughnessy Hall, includes 20 departments in... | In what year was the The College of Arts and Letters at Notre Dame created? | {
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85
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"1842"
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} | In what year was [MASK] at Notre Dame created? | [
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5733a3cbd058e614000b5f41 | University_of_Notre_Dame | The College of Arts and Letters was established as the university's first college in 1842 with the first degrees given in 1849. The university's first academic curriculum was modeled after the Jesuit Ratio Studiorum from Saint Louis University. Today the college, housed in O'Shaughnessy Hall, includes 20 departments in... | In what year did the College of Arts and Letters at Notre Dame grant its first degree? | {
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122
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"1849"
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} | In what year did [MASK] at [MASK] grant its [MASK] degree? | [
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5733a3cbd058e614000b5f42 | University_of_Notre_Dame | The College of Arts and Letters was established as the university's first college in 1842 with the first degrees given in 1849. The university's first academic curriculum was modeled after the Jesuit Ratio Studiorum from Saint Louis University. Today the college, housed in O'Shaughnessy Hall, includes 20 departments in... | On which university did Notre Dame base its curriculum on? | {
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"Saint Louis University"
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} | On which university did [MASK] base its curriculum on? | [
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5733a3cbd058e614000b5f43 | University_of_Notre_Dame | The College of Arts and Letters was established as the university's first college in 1842 with the first degrees given in 1849. The university's first academic curriculum was modeled after the Jesuit Ratio Studiorum from Saint Louis University. Today the college, housed in O'Shaughnessy Hall, includes 20 departments in... | How many BA majors does the College of Arts and Letters at Notre Dame offer? | {
"answer_start": [
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"33"
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} | How many BA majors does [MASK] at [MASK] offer? | [
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0.046955753117... | degrees in 33 majors, making it the largest of the university's colleges. | false | CARDINAL | 88 | 165 |
5733a4c54776f41900660f2e | University_of_Notre_Dame | The College of Science was established at the university in 1865 by president Father Patrick Dillon. Dillon's scientific courses were six years of work, including higher-level mathematics courses. Today the college, housed in the newly built Jordan Hall of Science, includes over 1,200 undergraduates in six departments ... | In what year was the Notre Dame College of Science formed? | {
"answer_start": [
60
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"text": [
"1865"
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} | In what year was [MASK] formed? | [
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5733a4c54776f41900660f2f | University_of_Notre_Dame | The College of Science was established at the university in 1865 by president Father Patrick Dillon. Dillon's scientific courses were six years of work, including higher-level mathematics courses. Today the college, housed in the newly built Jordan Hall of Science, includes over 1,200 undergraduates in six departments ... | How many years long was a scientific course under Patrick Dillon at Notre Dame? | {
"answer_start": [
134
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"six years"
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} | How many [MASK] was a scientific course under [MASK] at [MASK]? | [
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5733a4c54776f41900660f30 | University_of_Notre_Dame | The College of Science was established at the university in 1865 by president Father Patrick Dillon. Dillon's scientific courses were six years of work, including higher-level mathematics courses. Today the college, housed in the newly built Jordan Hall of Science, includes over 1,200 undergraduates in six departments ... | Which hall at Notre Dame contains the current College of Science? | {
"answer_start": [
242
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"Jordan Hall of Science"
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} | Which hall at [MASK] contains the current [MASK]? | [
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5733a55a4776f41900660f3b | University_of_Notre_Dame | The School of Architecture was established in 1899, although degrees in architecture were first awarded by the university in 1898. Today the school, housed in Bond Hall, offers a five-year undergraduate program leading to the Bachelor of Architecture degree. All undergraduate students study the third year of the progra... | In what building is the current School of Architecture housed at Notre Dame? | {
"answer_start": [
159
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"Bond Hall"
]
} | In what building is the current [MASK] housed at [MASK]? | [
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0.41683411598205566... | Today the school, housed in Bond Hall, offers a five-year undergraduate program leading to the Bachelor of Architecture degree. | false | FAC | 95 | 172 |
5733a55a4776f41900660f3c | University_of_Notre_Dame | The School of Architecture was established in 1899, although degrees in architecture were first awarded by the university in 1898. Today the school, housed in Bond Hall, offers a five-year undergraduate program leading to the Bachelor of Architecture degree. All undergraduate students study the third year of the progra... | What length is the course of study at the Notre Dame School of Architecture? | {
"answer_start": [
179
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"text": [
"five-year"
]
} | What length is the course of study at [MASK]? | [
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5733a55a4776f41900660f3d | University_of_Notre_Dame | The School of Architecture was established in 1899, although degrees in architecture were first awarded by the university in 1898. Today the school, housed in Bond Hall, offers a five-year undergraduate program leading to the Bachelor of Architecture degree. All undergraduate students study the third year of the progra... | In which location do students of the School of Architecture of Notre Dame spend their 3rd year? | {
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325
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} | In which location do students of [MASK] spend their [MASK] year? | [
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5733a55a4776f41900660f3e | University_of_Notre_Dame | The School of Architecture was established in 1899, although degrees in architecture were first awarded by the university in 1898. Today the school, housed in Bond Hall, offers a five-year undergraduate program leading to the Bachelor of Architecture degree. All undergraduate students study the third year of the progra... | Which prestigious prize does the School of Architecture at Notre Dame give out? | {
"answer_start": [
624
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"text": [
"Driehaus Architecture Prize"
]
} | Which prestigious prize does [MASK] at Notre Dame give out? | [
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5733b496d058e614000b60cf | University_of_Notre_Dame | The rise of Hitler and other dictators in the 1930s forced numerous Catholic intellectuals to flee Europe; president John O'Hara brought many to Notre Dame. From Germany came Anton-Hermann Chroust (1907–1982) in classics and law, and Waldemar Gurian a German Catholic intellectual of Jewish descent. Positivism dominated... | From where did Anton-Hermann Chroust come to reach Notre Dame? | {
"answer_start": [
162
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"text": [
"Germany"
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} | From where did [MASK] come to reach [MASK]? | [
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5733b496d058e614000b60d1 | University_of_Notre_Dame | The rise of Hitler and other dictators in the 1930s forced numerous Catholic intellectuals to flee Europe; president John O'Hara brought many to Notre Dame. From Germany came Anton-Hermann Chroust (1907–1982) in classics and law, and Waldemar Gurian a German Catholic intellectual of Jewish descent. Positivism dominated... | Who did Waldemar Gurian receive his tutelage under while seeking his doctorate? | {
"answer_start": [
478
],
"text": [
"Max Scheler"
]
} | Who did [MASK] receive his tutelage under while seeking his doctorate? | [
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573383494776f41900660c42 | University_of_Notre_Dame | Notre Dame rose to national prominence in the early 1900s for its Fighting Irish football team, especially under the guidance of the legendary coach Knute Rockne. The university's athletic teams are members of the NCAA Division I and are known collectively as the Fighting Irish. The football team, an Independent, has a... | Which 20th century Notre Dame football coach is most notable? | {
"answer_start": [
149
],
"text": [
"Knute Rockne"
]
} | Which [MASK] [MASK] football coach is most notable? | [
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573383494776f41900660c44 | University_of_Notre_Dame | Notre Dame rose to national prominence in the early 1900s for its Fighting Irish football team, especially under the guidance of the legendary coach Knute Rockne. The university's athletic teams are members of the NCAA Division I and are known collectively as the Fighting Irish. The football team, an Independent, has a... | How many students at Notre Dame received the Heisman Trophy? | {
"answer_start": [
372
],
"text": [
"seven"
]
} | How many students at [MASK] received [MASK]? | [
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573383494776f41900660c45 | University_of_Notre_Dame | Notre Dame rose to national prominence in the early 1900s for its Fighting Irish football team, especially under the guidance of the legendary coach Knute Rockne. The university's athletic teams are members of the NCAA Division I and are known collectively as the Fighting Irish. The football team, an Independent, has a... | There were multiple students from Notre Dame who entered the Pro Football Hall of Fame, how many? | {
"answer_start": [
454
],
"text": [
"13"
]
} | There were multiple students from [MASK] who entered [MASK], how many? | [
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5733849bd058e614000b5c56 | University_of_Notre_Dame | In 1842, the Bishop of Vincennes, Célestine Guynemer de la Hailandière, offered land to Father Edward Sorin of the Congregation of the Holy Cross, on the condition that he build a college in two years. Fr. Sorin arrived on the site with eight Holy Cross brothers from France and Ireland on November 26, 1842, and began t... | In what year was Father Edward Sorin given two years to create a college? | {
"answer_start": [
3
],
"text": [
"1842"
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} | In what year was Father [MASK] given [MASK] to create a college? | [
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5733849bd058e614000b5c57 | University_of_Notre_Dame | In 1842, the Bishop of Vincennes, Célestine Guynemer de la Hailandière, offered land to Father Edward Sorin of the Congregation of the Holy Cross, on the condition that he build a college in two years. Fr. Sorin arrived on the site with eight Holy Cross brothers from France and Ireland on November 26, 1842, and began t... | Which individual offered land to Father Edward Sorin? | {
"answer_start": [
34
],
"text": [
"Célestine Guynemer de la Hailandière"
]
} | Which individual offered land to Father [MASK]? | [
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5733849bd058e614000b5c58 | University_of_Notre_Dame | In 1842, the Bishop of Vincennes, Célestine Guynemer de la Hailandière, offered land to Father Edward Sorin of the Congregation of the Holy Cross, on the condition that he build a college in two years. Fr. Sorin arrived on the site with eight Holy Cross brothers from France and Ireland on November 26, 1842, and began t... | Which church was Father Edward Sorin representing? | {
"answer_start": [
111
],
"text": [
"the Congregation of the Holy Cross"
]
} | Which church was Father [MASK] representing? | [
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5733849bd058e614000b5c59 | University_of_Notre_Dame | In 1842, the Bishop of Vincennes, Célestine Guynemer de la Hailandière, offered land to Father Edward Sorin of the Congregation of the Holy Cross, on the condition that he build a college in two years. Fr. Sorin arrived on the site with eight Holy Cross brothers from France and Ireland on November 26, 1842, and began t... | On what date did brothers from Holy Cross arrive at the future location of Notre Dame? | {
"answer_start": [
290
],
"text": [
"November 26, 1842"
]
} | On what date did brothers from [MASK] arrive at the future location of [MASK]? | [
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573385394776f41900660c7f | University_of_Notre_Dame | The first degrees from the college were awarded in 1849. The university was expanded with new buildings to accommodate more students and faculty. With each new president, new academic programs were offered and new buildings built to accommodate them. The original Main Building built by Sorin just after he arrived was r... | In what year did the initial degrees get handed out at Notre Dame? | {
"answer_start": [
51
],
"text": [
"1849"
]
} | In what year did the initial degrees get handed out at [MASK]? | [
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573385394776f41900660c80 | University_of_Notre_Dame | The first degrees from the college were awarded in 1849. The university was expanded with new buildings to accommodate more students and faculty. With each new president, new academic programs were offered and new buildings built to accommodate them. The original Main Building built by Sorin just after he arrived was r... | In what year did the original Sorin built Main Building get replaced? | {
"answer_start": [
359
],
"text": [
"1865"
]
} | In what year did the original [MASK] built [MASK] get replaced? | [
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573385394776f41900660c82 | University_of_Notre_Dame | The first degrees from the college were awarded in 1849. The university was expanded with new buildings to accommodate more students and faculty. With each new president, new academic programs were offered and new buildings built to accommodate them. The original Main Building built by Sorin just after he arrived was r... | In what year had the library at Notre Dame reach 10,000 books? | {
"answer_start": [
516
],
"text": [
"1879"
]
} | In what year had the library at [MASK] reach [MASK] books? | [
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573385394776f41900660c83 | University_of_Notre_Dame | The first degrees from the college were awarded in 1849. The university was expanded with new buildings to accommodate more students and faculty. With each new president, new academic programs were offered and new buildings built to accommodate them. The original Main Building built by Sorin just after he arrived was r... | In what year was the library at Notre Dame started? | {
"answer_start": [
453
],
"text": [
"1873"
]
} | In what year was the library at [MASK] started? | [
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5733c0064776f41900661198 | University_of_Notre_Dame | The television station, NDtv, grew from one show in 2002 to a full 24-hour channel with original programming by September 2006. WSND-FM serves the student body and larger South Bend community at 88.9 FM, offering students a chance to become involved in bringing classical music, fine arts and educational programming, an... | Which television station finds its home at Notre Dame? | {
"answer_start": [
24
],
"text": [
"NDtv"
]
} | Which television station finds its home at [MASK]? | [
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0.07565698772668... | The television station, NDtv, grew from one show in 2002 to a full 24-hour channel with original programming by September 2006. | false | ORG | 80 | 210 |
5733c0064776f4190066119a | University_of_Notre_Dame | The television station, NDtv, grew from one show in 2002 to a full 24-hour channel with original programming by September 2006. WSND-FM serves the student body and larger South Bend community at 88.9 FM, offering students a chance to become involved in bringing classical music, fine arts and educational programming, an... | Which radio station provides radio to the students of Notre Dame at 88.9 FM? | {
"answer_start": [
128
],
"text": [
"WSND-FM"
]
} | Which radio station provides radio to the students of [MASK] at [MASK]? | [
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5733c0064776f4190066119b | University_of_Notre_Dame | The television station, NDtv, grew from one show in 2002 to a full 24-hour channel with original programming by September 2006. WSND-FM serves the student body and larger South Bend community at 88.9 FM, offering students a chance to become involved in bringing classical music, fine arts and educational programming, an... | Which internet radio station of Notre Dame is served as an internet stream? | {
"answer_start": [
440
],
"text": [
"WVFI"
]
} | Which internet radio station of [MASK] is served as an internet stream? | [
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5733c0e6d058e614000b61d7 | University_of_Notre_Dame | The first phase of Eddy Street Commons, a $215 million development located adjacent to the University of Notre Dame campus and funded by the university, broke ground on June 3, 2008. The Eddy Street Commons drew union protests when workers hired by the City of South Bend to construct the public parking garage picketed ... | How much is Eddy Street Commons at Notre Dame expected to cost? | {
"answer_start": [
42
],
"text": [
"$215 million"
]
} | How much is [MASK] at [MASK] expected to cost? | [
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5733c0e6d058e614000b61d8 | University_of_Notre_Dame | The first phase of Eddy Street Commons, a $215 million development located adjacent to the University of Notre Dame campus and funded by the university, broke ground on June 3, 2008. The Eddy Street Commons drew union protests when workers hired by the City of South Bend to construct the public parking garage picketed ... | When was ground broke on the Eddy Street Commons Project of Notre Dame? | {
"answer_start": [
169
],
"text": [
"June 3, 2008"
]
} | When was ground broke on [MASK] of [MASK]? | [
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5733c0e6d058e614000b61d9 | University_of_Notre_Dame | The first phase of Eddy Street Commons, a $215 million development located adjacent to the University of Notre Dame campus and funded by the university, broke ground on June 3, 2008. The Eddy Street Commons drew union protests when workers hired by the City of South Bend to construct the public parking garage picketed ... | Who is the developer of Eddy Street Commons? | {
"answer_start": [
401
],
"text": [
"Kite Realty"
]
} | Who is the developer of [MASK]? | [
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5733c0e6d058e614000b61da | University_of_Notre_Dame | The first phase of Eddy Street Commons, a $215 million development located adjacent to the University of Notre Dame campus and funded by the university, broke ground on June 3, 2008. The Eddy Street Commons drew union protests when workers hired by the City of South Bend to construct the public parking garage picketed ... | Which entity did Notre Dame hire to build a parking structure outside of Eddy Street Commons? | {
"answer_start": [
249
],
"text": [
"the City of South Bend"
]
} | Which entity did [MASK] hire to build a parking structure outside of [MASK]? | [
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5733c1a94776f419006611a9 | University_of_Notre_Dame | Notre Dame teams are known as the Fighting Irish. They compete as a member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I, primarily competing in the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) for all sports since the 2013–14 school year. The Fighting Irish previously competed in the Horizon League from 1982-83... | There is a conference that the male hockey team of Notre Dame competes in, what is it? | {
"answer_start": [
959
],
"text": [
"Hockey East"
]
} | There is a conference that the male hockey team of [MASK] competes in, what is it? | [
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5733c4494776f419006611db | University_of_Notre_Dame | The Notre Dame football team has a long history, first beginning when the Michigan Wolverines football team brought football to Notre Dame in 1887 and played against a group of students. In the long history since then, 13 Fighting Irish teams have won consensus national championships (although the university only claim... | In what year did Notre Dame football begin? | {
"answer_start": [
142
],
"text": [
"1887"
]
} | In what year did [MASK] football begin? | [
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5733c4494776f419006611dc | University_of_Notre_Dame | The Notre Dame football team has a long history, first beginning when the Michigan Wolverines football team brought football to Notre Dame in 1887 and played against a group of students. In the long history since then, 13 Fighting Irish teams have won consensus national championships (although the university only claim... | What university is Notre Dame tied with in terms of most Heisman Trophy winners? | {
"answer_start": [
509
],
"text": [
"Ohio State University"
]
} | What university is [MASK] tied with in terms of most [MASK] winners? | [
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0.04838910698890... | Additionally, the program has the most members in the College Football Hall of Fame, is tied with Ohio State University with the most Heisman Trophies won, and have the highest winning percentage in NCAA history. | false | ORG | 149 | 236 |
5733c4494776f419006611dd | University_of_Notre_Dame | The Notre Dame football team has a long history, first beginning when the Michigan Wolverines football team brought football to Notre Dame in 1887 and played against a group of students. In the long history since then, 13 Fighting Irish teams have won consensus national championships (although the university only claim... | Against which team does Notre Dame compete for the Jeweled Shillelagh? | {
"answer_start": [
715
],
"text": [
"USC"
]
} | Against which team does [MASK] compete for [MASK]? | [
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5733ca05d058e614000b6264 | University_of_Notre_Dame | Football gameday traditions During home games, activities occur all around campus and different dorms decorate their halls with a traditional item (e.g. Zahm House's two-story banner). Traditional activities begin at the stroke of midnight with the Drummers' Circle. This tradition involves the drum line of the Band of ... | What occurs at midnight preceding a football home game at Notre Dame? | {
"answer_start": [
245
],
"text": [
"the Drummers' Circle"
]
} | What occurs at [MASK] preceding a football home game at [MASK]? | [
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5733ca05d058e614000b6267 | University_of_Notre_Dame | Football gameday traditions During home games, activities occur all around campus and different dorms decorate their halls with a traditional item (e.g. Zahm House's two-story banner). Traditional activities begin at the stroke of midnight with the Drummers' Circle. This tradition involves the drum line of the Band of ... | On what day do Notre Dame home football games occur? | {
"answer_start": [
424
],
"text": [
"Saturday"
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} | On what day do [MASK] home football games occur? | [
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5733cbdad058e614000b628d | University_of_Notre_Dame | The "Notre Dame Victory March" is the fight song for the University of Notre Dame. It was written by two brothers who were Notre Dame graduates. The Rev. Michael J. Shea, a 1904 graduate, wrote the music, and his brother, John F. Shea, who earned degrees in 1906 and 1908, wrote the original lyrics. The lyrics were revi... | Who wrote the original lyrics to the Notre Dame Victory March? | {
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"John F. Shea"
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5733cbdad058e614000b628e | University_of_Notre_Dame | The "Notre Dame Victory March" is the fight song for the University of Notre Dame. It was written by two brothers who were Notre Dame graduates. The Rev. Michael J. Shea, a 1904 graduate, wrote the music, and his brother, John F. Shea, who earned degrees in 1906 and 1908, wrote the original lyrics. The lyrics were revi... | In what year did Michael J. Shea graduate from Notre Dame? | {
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5733cbdad058e614000b6290 | University_of_Notre_Dame | The "Notre Dame Victory March" is the fight song for the University of Notre Dame. It was written by two brothers who were Notre Dame graduates. The Rev. Michael J. Shea, a 1904 graduate, wrote the music, and his brother, John F. Shea, who earned degrees in 1906 and 1908, wrote the original lyrics. The lyrics were revi... | In what year did "Notre Dame Victory March" get copyrighted? | {
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} | In what year did "Notre Dame Victory March" get copyrighted? | [
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5733ccbe4776f41900661273 | University_of_Notre_Dame | In the film Knute Rockne, All American, Knute Rockne (played by Pat O'Brien) delivers the famous "Win one for the Gipper" speech, at which point the background music swells with the "Notre Dame Victory March". George Gipp was played by Ronald Reagan, whose nickname "The Gipper" was derived from this role. This scene wa... | Which person was a former comrade to Ted Striker in the film Airplane!? | {
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} | Which person was a former comrade to [MASK] in the film [MASK]!? | [
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5733ccbe4776f41900661274 | University_of_Notre_Dame | In the film Knute Rockne, All American, Knute Rockne (played by Pat O'Brien) delivers the famous "Win one for the Gipper" speech, at which point the background music swells with the "Notre Dame Victory March". George Gipp was played by Ronald Reagan, whose nickname "The Gipper" was derived from this role. This scene wa... | Pat O'Brien portrayed which person in the film Knute Rockne? | {
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56be85543aeaaa14008c9066 | Beyoncé | Beyoncé Giselle Knowles-Carter (/biːˈjɒnseɪ/ bee-YON-say) (born September 4, 1981) is an American singer, songwriter, record producer and actress. Born and raised in Houston, Texas, she performed in various singing and dancing competitions as a child, and rose to fame in the late 1990s as lead singer of R&B girl-group ... | When did Beyonce leave Destiny's Child and become a solo singer? | {
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"text": [
"2003"
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} | When did [MASK] leave [MASK] and become a solo singer? | [
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56bf6b0f3aeaaa14008c9603 | Beyoncé | Beyoncé Giselle Knowles-Carter (/biːˈjɒnseɪ/ bee-YON-say) (born September 4, 1981) is an American singer, songwriter, record producer and actress. Born and raised in Houston, Texas, she performed in various singing and dancing competitions as a child, and rose to fame in the late 1990s as lead singer of R&B girl-group ... | In what R&B group was she the lead singer? | {
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} | In what R&B group was she the lead singer? | [
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56bf6b0f3aeaaa14008c9604 | Beyoncé | Beyoncé Giselle Knowles-Carter (/biːˈjɒnseɪ/ bee-YON-say) (born September 4, 1981) is an American singer, songwriter, record producer and actress. Born and raised in Houston, Texas, she performed in various singing and dancing competitions as a child, and rose to fame in the late 1990s as lead singer of R&B girl-group ... | What album made her a worldwide known artist? | {
"answer_start": [
505
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"text": [
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} | What album made her a worldwide known artist? | [
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56bf6b0f3aeaaa14008c9605 | Beyoncé | Beyoncé Giselle Knowles-Carter (/biːˈjɒnseɪ/ bee-YON-say) (born September 4, 1981) is an American singer, songwriter, record producer and actress. Born and raised in Houston, Texas, she performed in various singing and dancing competitions as a child, and rose to fame in the late 1990s as lead singer of R&B girl-group ... | Who managed the Destiny's Child group? | {
"answer_start": [
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"text": [
"Mathew Knowles"
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} | Who managed the [MASK] group? | [
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56cef8faaab44d1400b88d67 | Beyoncé | Beyoncé Giselle Knowles-Carter (/biːˈjɒnseɪ/ bee-YON-say) (born September 4, 1981) is an American singer, songwriter, record producer and actress. Born and raised in Houston, Texas, she performed in various singing and dancing competitions as a child, and rose to fame in the late 1990s as lead singer of R&B girl-group ... | In what city did Beyonce grow up? | {
"answer_start": [
166
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} | In what city did [MASK] grow up? | [
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56cef8faaab44d1400b88d68 | Beyoncé | Beyoncé Giselle Knowles-Carter (/biːˈjɒnseɪ/ bee-YON-say) (born September 4, 1981) is an American singer, songwriter, record producer and actress. Born and raised in Houston, Texas, she performed in various singing and dancing competitions as a child, and rose to fame in the late 1990s as lead singer of R&B girl-group ... | What was the name of Beyonce's first solo album? | {
"answer_start": [
505
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"text": [
"Dangerously in Love"
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} | What was the name of [MASK] 's [MASK] solo album? | [
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56cef8faaab44d1400b88d6a | Beyoncé | Beyoncé Giselle Knowles-Carter (/biːˈjɒnseɪ/ bee-YON-say) (born September 4, 1981) is an American singer, songwriter, record producer and actress. Born and raised in Houston, Texas, she performed in various singing and dancing competitions as a child, and rose to fame in the late 1990s as lead singer of R&B girl-group ... | On what date was Beyonce born? | {
"answer_start": [
64
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"text": [
"September 4, 1981"
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} | On what date was [MASK] born? | [
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