Shoir/full_dataset_unique · Datasets at Hugging Face

status stringclasses 5 values	question_text stringlengths 2 3.09k	question stringlengths 2 5	backround_description stringclasses 2 values	answer_text stringclasses 12 values	new_answer_text stringclasses 13 values	options stringlengths 16 1.08k	new_options_format stringclasses 2 values	level stringclasses 4 values	language stringclasses 4 values	subject stringclasses 84 values	subject_category stringclasses 17 values	font stringclasses 10 values	colour stringclasses 6 values
ordered	As shown in the diagram below, a student standing on the roof of a 50.0-meter-high building kicks a stone at a horizontal speed of 4.00 meters per second. (image)[image-0.jpg] (Not drawn to scale) How much time is required for the stone to reach the level ground below? [Neglect friction.]	q1	None	1	A	['(1) 3.19 s', '(2) 5.10 s', '(3) 10.2 s', '(4) 12.5 s']	alphabetic	high	en	physics	natural-science	Courier New	black
ordered	The diagram below shows a horizontal 12-newton force being applied to two blocks, A and B, initially at rest on a horizontal, frictionless surface. Block A has a mass of 1.0 kilogram and block B has a mass of 2.0 kilograms. (image)[image-1.jpg] The magnitude of the acceleration of block B is	q2	None	4	D	['(1) 6.0 m/s^{2}', '(2) 2.0 m/s^{2}', '(3) 3.0 m/s^{2}', '(4) 4.0 m/s^{2}']	alphabetic	high	en	physics	natural-science	Calibri	black
ordered	The diagram below represents a mass, m, being swung clockwise at constant speed in a horizontal circle. (image)[image-2.jpg] At the instant shown, the centripetal force acting on mass m is directed toward point	q3	None	3	3	['(1) A', '(2) B', '(3) C', '(4) D']	numeric	high	en	physics	natural-science	Arial	black
image_left_text_right	A wound spring provides the energy to propel a toy car across a level floor. At time t_{i} ,the car is moving at speed v_{i} across the floor and the spring is unwinding, as shown below. At time t_{f}, the spring has fully unwound and the car has coasted to a stop. (image)[image-3.jpg] Which statement best describes the transformation of energy that occurs between times t_{i} and t_{f}?	q4	None	3	C	['(1) Gravitational potential energy at t_{i} is converted to internal energy at t_{f}.', '(2) Elastic potential energy at t_{i} is converted to kinetic energy at t_{f}.', '(3) Both elastic potential energy and kinetic energy at t_{i} are converted to internal energy at t_{f}.', '(4) Both kinetic energy and internal energy at t_{i} are converted to elastic potential energy at t_{f}.']	alphabetic	high	en	physics	natural-science	Calibri	black
ordered	The diagram below represents the electric field surrounding two charged spheres, A and B. (image)[image-5.jpg] What is the sign of the charge of each sphere?	q6	None	2	2	['(1) Sphere A is positive and sphere B is negative.', '(2) Sphere A is negative and sphere B is positive.', '(3) Both spheres are positive.', '(4) Both spheres are negative.']	numeric	high	en	physics	natural-science	Times New Roman	black
image_first	Which circuit has the smallest equivalent resistance?	q7	None	3	3	['(1) (image)[image-6.jpg]', '(2) (image)[image-7.jpg]', '(3) (image)[image-8.jpg]', '(4) (image)[image-9.jpg]']	numeric	high	en	physics	natural-science	Times New Roman	black
ordered	Which diagram best represents the motion of the particle at position C as the wave moves to the right?	q8	None	4	4	['(1) (image)[image-11.jpg]', '(2) (image)[image-12.jpg]', '(3) (image)[image-13.jpg]', '(4) (image)[image-14.jpg]']	numeric	high	en	physics	natural-science	Arial	black
image_first	The wavelength of this wave is equal to the distance between points	q9	None	2	2	['(1) A and B', '(2) A and C', '(3) B and C', '(4) B and E']	numeric	high	en	physics	natural-science	Calibri	black
image_right_text_left	The energy of this wave is related to its	q10	None	1	A	['(1) amplitude', '(2) period', '(3) speed', '(4) wavelength']	alphabetic	high	en	physics	natural-science	Calibri	black
ordered	A ray of monochromatic yellow light (f = 5.09 * 10^{14} Hz) passes from water through flint glass and into medium X, as shown below. (image)[image-15.jpg] The absolute index of refraction of medium X is	q11	None	4	4	['(1) less than 1.33', '(2) greater than 1.33 and less than 1.52', '(3) greater than 1.52 and less than 1.66', '(4) equal to 1.66']	numeric	high	en	physics	natural-science	Calibri	black
image_left_text_right	A ball is dropped from the top of a cliff. Which graph best represents the relationship between the ball’s total energy and elapsed time as the ball falls to the ground? [Neglect friction.]	q12	None	4	4	['(1) (image)[image-16.jpg]', '(2) (image)[image-17.jpg]', '(3) (image)[image-18.jpg]', '(4) (image)[image-19.jpg]']	numeric	high	en	physics	natural-science	Times New Roman	black
text_first	The graph below represents the relationship between the current in a metallic conductor and the potential difference across the conductor at constant temperature. Current vs. Potential Difference (image)[image-20.jpg] The resistance of the conductor is	q13	None	2	B	['(1) 1.0 Ω', '(2) 2.0 Ω', '(3) 0.50 Ω', '(4) 4.0 Ω']	alphabetic	high	en	physics	natural-science	Courier New	(20, 20, 20)
ordered	A student throws a baseball vertically upward and then catches it. If vertically upward is considered to be the positive direction, which graph best represents the relationship between velocity and time for the baseball? [Neglect friction.]	q14	None	4	D	['(1) (image)[image-21.jpg]', '(2) (image)[image-22.jpg]', '(3) (image)[image-23.jpg]', '(4) (image)[image-24.jpg]']	alphabetic	high	en	physics	natural-science	Verdana	black
text_first	The circuit diagram below represents four resistors connected to a 12-volt source. (image)[image-25.jpg] What is the total current in the circuit?	q15	None	1	1	['(1) 0.50 A', '(2) 2.0 A', '(3) 8.6 A', '(4) 24 A']	numeric	high	en	physics	natural-science	Courier New	black
text_first	The distance between an electron and a proton is varied. Which pair of graphs best represents the relationship between gravitational force, F_{g}, and distance, r, and the relationship between electrostatic force, F_{e}, and distance, r, for these particles?	q17	None	1	A	['(1) (image)[image-30.jpg]', '(2) (image)[image-31.jpg]', '(3) (image)[image-32.jpg]', '(4) (image)[image-33.jpg]']	alphabetic	high	en	physics	natural-science	Verdana	black
image_first	The diagram below represents a periodic wave traveling through a uniform medium. (image)[image-34.jpg] If the frequency of the wave is 2.0 hertz, the speed of the wave is	q18	None	3	C	['(1) 6.0 m/s', '(2) 2.0 m/s', '(3) 8.0 m/s', '(4) 4.0 m/s']	alphabetic	high	en	physics	natural-science	Arial	black
image_first	The diagram below represents a light ray reflecting from a plane mirror. (image)[image-35.jpg] The angle of reflection for the light ray is	q19	None	1	A	['(1) 25°', '(2) 35°', '(3) 50.°', '(4) 65°']	alphabetic	high	en	physics	natural-science	Verdana	black
image_left_text_right	The diagram below shows a standing wave in a string clamped at each end. (image)[image-36.jpg] What is the total number of nodes and antinodes in the standing wave?	q20	None	3	C	['(1) 3 nodes and 2 antinodes', '(2) 2 nodes and 3 antinodes', '(3) 5 nodes and 4 antinodes', '(4) 4 nodes and 5 antinodes']	alphabetic	high	en	physics	natural-science	Courier New	black
image_right_text_left	Hydrilla, a plant native to Central Africa, was widely used in home aquaria. Hydrilla was often dumped with aquarium water into drains, sewers, or ponds. It then thrived and has become an invasive species, disrupting aquatic ecosystems from Florida through the northeast United States. Removing Hydrilla from these ecosystems will most likely require either physically removing it or adding chemicals to the affected waters to kill it. (image)[image-44.png] Source: South Carolina Department of Natural Resources The result of the introduction of Hydrilla into native ecosystems in the United States has shown that	q21	None	4	4	['(1) chemical controls will now be necessary to maintain every stable ecosystem', '(2) Hydrilla will not continue to expand beyond one year because it is not native to the United States', '(3) organisms in ecosystems of the United States can eventually build up an immunity to Hydrilla', '(4) when humans alter ecosystems by adding specific organisms, serious consequences can result']	numeric	high	en	environment	natural-science	Verdana	black
text_first	The tube-lipped nectar bat, found in Madidi National Park in Ecuador, has the longest tongue in relation to its size of any mammal. Its 8.5 cm tongue can reach into the deepest flowers. (image)[image-45.png] Source: http://www.wild-facts.com/ 2013 It is likely that the population of these bats with exceptionally long tongues will increase in the Madidi National Park ecosystem if	q22	None	4	D	['(1) the population of plants with very deep flowers suffers a sharp decrease in number', '(2) the gene for the long tongue trait cannot get passed on to future generations of nectar bats', '(3) other mammal species with long tongues move into the area and increase competition', '(4) the tongue variation provides the species with an advantage in surviving and reproducing']	alphabetic	high	en	environment	natural-science	Calibri	black
image_left_text_right	Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the bacterium responsible for most ulcers and many cases of stomach inflammation. An antibiotic has been found to kill these bacteria. It works because H. pylori makes a particular enzyme that happens to react with the antibiotic and makes it poisonous to the bacterium. The sequences in the diagram below show the effects of antibiotic treatment on two strains of H. pylori, one of which does not produce the enzyme. (image)[image-47.png] Source: Adapted from https://econjsun.files.wordpress.com/2011/11/h-pylori.jpg The overall series of events best illustrates the process of	q24	None	4	D	['(1) H. pylori control by the stomach', '(2) DNA replication in bacterial cells', '(3) mutation of the antibiotic used in the treatment', '(4) natural selection in H. pylori bacteria']	alphabetic	high	en	environment	natural-science	Verdana	black
ordered	The illustrations below are of an organism called Archeopteryx, which lived approximately 150 million years ago. Archeopteryx had teeth and claws like a dinosaur and wings with feathers like a bird. Archeopteryx (image)[image-48.png] Source: The Guardian (online) (image)[image-49.png] Source: http://www.dinosaurusi.com/en/post/252/flying-dinosaur-pictures---archeopteryx/ Such fossils allow scientists to conclude that	q25	None	3	C	['(1) dinosaurs and birds all ate the same foods', '(2) sexual reproduction in birds resulted in dinosaurs', '(3) dinosaurs and birds share a common ancestor', '(4) dinosaurs and birds belong to the same species']	alphabetic	high	en	environment	natural-science	Times New Roman	black
image_left_text_right	Infestation with bedbugs is a serious health problem, and scientists seeking to control bedbug reproduction are constantly researching new options. It has now been shown that freezing any articles of clothing or bedding containing bedbugs at a temperature below -15°C for 3.5 days will kill all of the bedbugs and their eggs. (image)[image-50.png] Source: Science Daily 12/8/13 Using the technique of freezing is preferable to using chemical insecticides because a major disadvantage of using chemical pesticides is that they	q26	None	2	2	['(1) are highly toxic to the bedbugs, but not toxic to other organisms', '(2) could remain in the clothing or bedding and harm humans later', '(3) are made of molecules so the bedbugs will not develop resistance to them', '(4) could be useful for medical research and should not be wasted on bedbugs']	numeric	high	en	environment	natural-science	Arial	black
image_left_text_right	Within a specific kind of tissue, there are different types of cells. In bone tissue, there are four different cell types, as shown below. (image)[image-51.png] Source: https://www.boundless.com/biology/textbooks/boundlessbiology-textbook/the-musculoskeletal-system-38/bone-216/cell-types-in-bones-816-12058/ Since the four types of cells contain the same genetic instructions, how is it possible for them to have different shapes and carry out different functions?	q27	None	2	2	['(1) Each cell type has the ability to remove unnecessary DNA sequences.', '(2) Different parts of the genetic code may be used in each of the cell types.', '(3) Different gene mutations take place within each cell type.', '(4) Each cell type is the result of different methods of cell division.']	numeric	high	en	environment	natural-science	Courier New	(168, 168, 168)
ordered	The series of fossil snail shells below represents 10 samples that were collected from deposits laid down from 10 million years ago to 3 million years ago. The shells are arranged in order by age. The shells shown represent how they looked at various times over a 7-million-year period. (image)[image-52.png] Source: Life,The Science of Biology, Second Ed., Purves and Orians, Sinauer Associates 1987 It would be most accurate to conclude that the snails of this species	q28	None	1	A	['(1) changed in size due to environmental changes that affected the survival of different-sized snails', '(2) grew smaller, then larger over time as the environment changed from a wetter to a drier climate', '(3) changed in size at different times, because they needed better protection from predators', '(4) grew larger because, as organisms evolve, they always become larger and more complex']	alphabetic	high	en	environment	natural-science	Calibri	black
ordered	A plant commonly referred to as “Mother of Thousands” has lost its ability to produce seeds. In order to reproduce, the edges of the plant’s leaves asexually develop miniature plants that drop off and grow into mature plants. (image)[image-53.png] Source: http://www.guide-to-houseplants.com/mother-of-thousands.html The cells of the offspring would have	q29	None	2	2	['(1) half the genetic information, when compared to cells of the parent plant’s leaves', '(2) the same genetic information, when compared to cells of the parent plant', '(3) twice as much genetic information as is present in the cells of the parent plant', '(4) incomplete genetic information, because the parent plant does not produce seeds']	numeric	high	en	environment	natural-science	Courier New	black
ordered	The diagram below represents part of a biological process that begins with a chromosome containing a specific human gene being removed from a human cell. (image)[image-54.png] Source: Adapted from Biology, Ninth Ed. Sylvia Mader. McGraw-Hill, Higher Education, Boston, 2007, p.268 The overall process is important because it	q30	None	4	4	['(1) may be used to make human DNA identical to that of other organisms', '(2) helps scientists understand how amino acids are grouped together to form a genetic code', '(3) results in the production of carbohydrates that cannot mutate and cause disease', '(4) may be used to produce chemicals that can be used to treat certain human disorders']	numeric	high	en	environment	natural-science	Courier New	(168, 168, 168)
image_left_text_right	What is the most likely reason for the variation in the dissolved oxygen levels in the pond over the 24-hour period?	q31	None	2	B	['(1) The increased light during the day decreases the oxygen produced by photosynthesis.', '(2) Photosynthesis produces more oxygen during the day than is used by respiration.', '(3) Respiration is reduced at night, so the oxygen produced by photosynthesis increases.', '(4) More producers are active at night, so the dissolved oxygen increases.']	alphabetic	high	en	environment	natural-science	Arial	black
image_left_text_right	A large population of fish was introduced into the pond. During which part of the day would these fish affect the dissolved oxygen level in the pond?	q32	None	1	1	['(1) both day and night, because respiration is occurring all the time in plants and animals', '(2) nighttime, because no respiration is occurring', '(3) daytime, because that is when plants are most active', '(4) neither day nor night, because only plants produce oxygen']	numeric	high	en	environment	natural-science	Calibri	black
text_first	A graph of population changes of two animal species over time is shown below. Population Changes (image)[image-56.png] Using the information on the graph, what is the most likely relationship between these two populations?	q33	None	1	1	['(1) predator/prey', '(2) parasite/host', '(3) consumer/decomposer', '(4) pathogen/host']	numeric	high	en	environment	natural-science	Calibri	(138, 138, 138)
image_left_text_right	Base your answer to question 35 on the information and diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. The diagram represents the energy relationships in a forest ecosystem. (image)[image-57.png] Source: Adapted from http://www.skyhunters.org/Presentations.html The best explanation for the decrease in the amount of energy available as one moves up the pyramid is that	q34	None	3	C	['(1) producers require more energy than consumers to survive', '(2) decomposers recycle nutrients at each level', '(3) much of the energy at each level is lost as heat', '(4) animals use less energy than plants']	alphabetic	high	en	environment	natural-science	Courier New	black
image_first	Researchers have shown that environmental factors, such as exposure to toxins, can bring about epigenetic effects. This research suggests that an organism’s traits	q35	None	3	C	['(1) are always determined by its DNA sequences', '(2) are only determined by environmental effects', '(3) can be influenced by environmental factors', '(4) alter half of the DNA they inherited from their parents']	alphabetic	high	en	environment	natural-science	Courier New	black
ordered	The graphs below display the percent of monitoring stations where three different amphibian species were seen. The data were collected between 1995 to 2007 in the wetlands surrounding the Great Lakes. Percent of Monitoring Stations Reporting Amphibians in the Great Lakes Basin (image)[image-59.png] Source: Adapted from http://www.biodivcanada.ca/default.asp?lang=En&n=3AF43Cbb-1 Which claim is best supported by the data represented in the graphs?	q37	None	3	3	['(1) The American toad population increased by approximately 57% in 1995 and 40% more in 2007.', '(2) The bullfrog population decreased every year between 1995 and 2005.', '(3) The spring peeper population is at about the same level in 2007 as it was in 1995.', '(4) All three amphibian populations were infected by a parasite in 2003.']	numeric	high	en	environment	natural-science	Calibri	black
image_right_text_left	Population Changes (image)[image-60.png] One factor that could result in an increase in the population size after year 10 would be	q38	None	2	B	['(1) increased competition within the species', '(2) additional food became available', '(3) predators of the species became more numerous', '(4) a new parasite negatively affected reproduction in the species']	alphabetic	high	en	environment	natural-science	Calibri	black
text_first	The graph shows how the population growth rate of several species of fish is affected by temperature. The Influence of Temperature on Growth Rates of Fish Populations (image)[image-61.png] What is the most favorable temperature for the growth of the yellow perch population?	q39	None	3	3	['(1) 10°C', '(2) 15°C', '(3) 20°C', '(4) 30°C']	numeric	high	en	environment	natural-science	Calibri	black
image_first	The illustrations represent cross sections of two different plant stems. A student compared two stem cross sections. Stem cross section A is from a plant that can be used to produce products with valuable medicinal properties. Stem cross section B is from a plant growing in the same area of the forest and its usefulness for producing medicines is unknown. The student concluded that the stem cross sections had many structural similarities and that the plant that produced cross section B would produce the same valuable medicinal products. (image)[image-62.png] Source: http://www.proprofs.com/quiz-school/story.php?title=monocot-dicot-quiz (image)[image-63.png] Source: http://www.bio.miami.edu/dana/pix/dicot_stem.jpg Is the student’s conclusion valid?	q40	None	4	D	['(1) Yes, because the structural similarities indicate a close relationship between the organisms.', '(2) Yes, because these plants grow in the same regions of the forest ecosystem and look similar.', '(3) No, because he did not evaluate soil conditions, such as pH, with chemical indicators.', '(4) No, because this structural evidence alone is insufficient and molecular evidence should be obtained.']	alphabetic	high	en	environment	natural-science	Verdana	(20, 20, 20)
image_right_text_left	DNA samples were taken from four different species of animals labeled A, B, C, and D. The diagram below represents the results of a procedure that separated the DNA fragments from each species. (image)[image-64.png] The fragments of DNA separated into these bands because of their	q41	None	3	3	['(1) pH and color', '(2) charge and radioactivity', '(3) electrical charge and size', '(4) color and size']	numeric	high	en	environment	natural-science	Calibri	black
text_first	The diagram illustrates the movement of molecules across an artificial membrane in a U-shaped glass tube. A 1% starch solution was poured into the left side of the tube, and distilled water was placed in the right side of the tube. (image)[image-65.png] Source: Adapted from Biology, Barret, et al., 1986. p.147 If a 1% salt solution were substituted for the starch solution in this setup, the results would be	q42	None	4	D	['(1) different, because all of the molecules would move to the right side of the tube', '(2) similar, because the salt would block the movement of molecules across the membrane', '(3) the same, because the movement of molecules in a tube always goes from right to left', '(4) similar, because water molecules will still move across the membrane in a similar manner']	alphabetic	high	en	environment	natural-science	Arial	black
text_first	The map below shows a weather variable recorded at the same time across the United States. (image)[image-67.png] According to the data on the map, which weather variable was most likely recorded?	q44	None	4	D	['(1) wind speed in knots', '(2) air pressure in millibars', '(3) rainfall in inches in the last 6 hours', '(4) air temperature in degrees Fahrenheit']	alphabetic	high	en	earth	social-science	Arial	(43, 43, 43)
ordered	The diagram below represents four different land surfaces of equal area. (image)[image-68.png] Which area would most likely have the greatest permeability as each area receives the same amount of rainfall?	q45	None	3	3	['(1) sand', '(2) grassy field with silt soil', '(3) pebbles', '(4) forest with clay soil']	numeric	high	en	earth	social-science	Calibri	black
text_first	The diagram below represents a portion of the water cycle. Letters A, B, C, and D represent processes or features related to the water cycle. Arrows represent movement of water. Water Cycle (image)[image-69.png] Which table correctly matches these letters with the processes or features related to the water cycle?	q46	None	4	4	['(1)\nLetter \| Process or Feature\nA \| Groundwater\nB \| Precipitation\nC \| Water table\nD \| Evaporation', '(2)\nLetter \| Process or Feature\nA \| Groundwater\nB \| Infiltration\nC \| Water table\nD \| Transpiration', '(3)\nLetter \| Process or Feature\nA \| Water table\nB \| Runoff\nC \| Groundwater\nD \| Precipitation', '(4)\nLetter \| Process or Feature\nA \| Water table\nB \| Infiltration\nC \| Groundwater\nD \| Transpiration']	numeric	high	en	earth	social-science	Calibri	black
image_right_text_left	The diagram below represents a sling psychrometer. (image)[image-75.png] Based on the wet-bulb temperature and the dry-bulb temperature, what is the approximate relative humidity?	q49	None	4	4	['(1) 6%', '(2) 8%', '(3) 30%', '(4) 60%']	numeric	high	en	earth	social-science	Verdana	black
ordered	The graph below represents the decay of a radioactive isotope into a stable disintegration product. (image)[image-76.png] Which remains could be dated using this radioactive isotope?	q50	None	2	B	['(1) seeds from the earliest grasses', '(2) mastodont bone', '(3) feathers from the earliest birds', '(4) Naples tree trunk']	alphabetic	high	en	earth	social-science	Arial	black
ordered	Block diagram A below represents normal surface ocean currents and the upwelling of colder water in the eastern Pacific Ocean. Block diagram B represents a reversal of surface ocean currents and decreased upwelling in the same region, initiating an El Niño event. Diagram A Normal Conditions (image)[image-77.png] Diagram B El Niño Conditions (image)[image-78.png] Adapted from: Moran, Joseph. Weather Studies: Introduction to Atmospheric Science Warmer surface water builds up in the eastern Pacific Ocean during an El Niño event because the speed of the Easterlies	q51	None	1	1	['(1) decreases and upwelling decreases', '(2) decreases and upwelling increases', '(3) increases and upwelling decreases', '(4) increases and upwelling increases']	numeric	high	en	earth	social-science	Times New Roman	black
text_first	The photograph below shows the New York State fossil Eurypterus remipes. (image)[image-79.png] Eurypterus fossils are most likely to be found in surface bedrock near	q52	None	4	4	['(1) Elmira', '(2) Mt. Marcy', '(3) Watertown', '(4) Niagara Falls']	numeric	high	en	earth	social-science	Verdana	black
text_first	The map below represents a bridge over the meander of a stream. From the bridge, a student measures the stream velocity at locations A, B, and C. (image)[image-82.png] Which table represents the most probable stream velocity recordings at each location?	q55	None	1	A	['(1)\nLocation \| Velocity (cm/sec)\nA \| 100\nB \| 94\nC \| 88', '(2)\nLocation \| Velocity (cm/sec)\nA \| 88\nB \| 94\nC \| 100', '(3)\nLocation \| Velocity (cm/sec)\nA \| 100\nB \| 88\nC \| 94', '(4)\nLocation \| Velocity (cm/sec)\nA \| 88\nB \| 100\nC \| 94']	alphabetic	high	en	earth	social-science	Times New Roman	black
text_first	The sequence of diagrams below represent three stages in the formation of a geologic feature over time. (image)[image-83.png] Which geologic feature is formed by this process?	q56	None	4	4	['(1) drumlin', '(2) dune', '(3) finger lake', '(4) kettle lake']	numeric	high	en	earth	social-science	Verdana	(43, 43, 43)
image_right_text_left	The map below shows a portion of Matagorda Island. This barrier island is located along the coast of Texas in the Gulf of Mexico. (image)[image-84.png] Which agent of erosion is primarily responsible for the formation of Matagorda Island?	q57	None	3	C	['(1) streams', '(2) moving ice', '(3) wave action', '(4) wind']	alphabetic	high	en	earth	social-science	Arial	(20, 20, 20)
image_right_text_left	The photograph below shows one type of limestone described in the table. (image)[image-85.png] daniellesdives.files.wordpress.com This type of limestone is best identified as	q58	None	2	2	['(1) chalk', '(2) coquina', '(3) coral', '(4) travertine']	numeric	high	en	earth	social-science	Courier New	black
image_left_text_right	The texture of the gneiss indicates that the bedrock	q60	None	2	B	['(1) underwent contact metamorphism', '(2) underwent regional metamorphism', '(3) was bioclastic in origin', '(4) was composed of compacted sediment']	alphabetic	high	en	earth	social-science	Calibri	black
ordered	The altitude of Polaris as seen by an observer on Whiteface Mountain in the Mount Marcy region will be approximately	q61	None	2	2	['(1) 40°', '(2) 44°', '(3) 74°', '(4) 90°']	numeric	high	en	earth	social-science	Arial	black
ordered	Which type of tectonic plate boundary is represented in the cross-section?	q62	None	3	C	['(1) complex', '(2) transform', '(3) convergent', '(4) divergent']	alphabetic	high	en	earth	social-science	Calibri	black
ordered	The geologic feature indicated by letter A is	q63	None	3	C	['(1) a hot spot', '(2) an island arc', '(3) an ocean trench', '(4) an igneous intrusion']	alphabetic	high	en	earth	social-science	Calibri	black
image_right_text_left	What most likely caused the major devastation along the flat coastal areas of Japan as a result of this earthquake?	q64	None	4	D	['(1) crustal downwarping', '(2) lava flows', '(3) landslides', '(4) a tsunami']	alphabetic	high	en	earth	social-science	Arial	(138, 138, 138)
image_left_text_right	Which arrows represent reflected insolation?	q65	None	1	A	['(1) A and E', '(2) B and C', '(3) C and D', '(4) D and A']	alphabetic	high	en	earth	social-science	Calibri	black
image_right_text_left	Compared to path D, the amount of energy reaching Earth’s surface following path B is likely	q66	None	1	A	['(1) less, because atmospheric transparency is less', '(2) less, because atmospheric transparency is greater', '(3) more, because atmospheric transparency is less', '(4) more, because atmospheric transparency is greater']	alphabetic	high	en	earth	social-science	Calibri	black
image_first	Which type of surface material absorbs and reradiates the greatest amount of energy?	q67	None	4	4	['(1) white with a smooth texture', '(2) white with a rough texture', '(3) dark with a smooth texture', '(4) dark with a rough texture']	numeric	high	en	earth	social-science	Times New Roman	black
text_first	Which group of living organisms survived all five major mass extinctions?	q68	None	2	2	['(1) ammonoids', '(2) brachiopods', '(3) graptolites', '(4) trilobites']	numeric	high	en	earth	social-science	Courier New	black
ordered	Which diagram represents the correct direction of Earth’s rotation?	q70	None	4	D	['(1) (image)[image-91.png]', '(2) (image)[image-92.png]', '(3) (image)[image-93.png]', '(4) (image)[image-94.png]']	alphabetic	high	en	earth	social-science	Verdana	black
ordered	Approximately how many degrees does Earth rotate on itsaxis over this five-hour period?	q71	None	3	C	['(1) 15°', '(2) 45°', '(3) 75°', '(4) 90°']	alphabetic	high	en	earth	social-science	Calibri	black
text_first	The map below shows the time zones of the continental United States. The dashed lines represent meridians of longitude. The locations of Cleveland, Ohio, and Portland, Oregon, are shown. (image)[image-103.png] What time is it in Portland, Oregon, when it is 9 p.m. in Cleveland, Ohio?	q72	None	2	2	['(1) 5 p.m.', '(2) 6 p.m.', '(3) 11 p.m.', '(4) 12 midnight']	numeric	high	en	earth	social-science	Courier New	black
image_first	The diagrams below represent the constellations that are visible above the southern horizon at midnight from the same New York State location on two different dates of the year. (image)[image-104.png] Southern horizon - January 8 (image)[image-105.png] Southern horizon - July 9 (Not drawn to scale) Why are different constellations seen on these two dates at midnight?	q73	None	4	D	['(1) Constellations rotate on an axis.', '(2) Constellations revolve around the Sun.', '(3) Earth rotates on its axis.', '(4) Earth revolves around the Sun.']	alphabetic	high	en	earth	social-science	Courier New	black
image_left_text_right	Letters A, B, C, and D in the diagram below represent processes in the water cycle. (image)[image-106.png] Which letter represents the process of transpiration?	q74	None	4	4	['(1) A', '(2) B', '(3) C', '(4) D']	numeric	high	en	earth	social-science	Calibri	black
image_left_text_right	Assuming that no overturning of rock layers has occurred, which geologic outcrop containing New York State index fossils represents the correct sequence of time within the same group of organisms?	q76	None	1	A	['(1) (image)[image-108.png]', '(2) (image)[image-109.png]', '(3) (image)[image-110.png]', '(4) (image)[image-111.png]']	alphabetic	high	en	earth	social-science	Times New Roman	black
image_first	The graph below shows the decay of a 50-gram sample of a radioactive isotope over 30 days. Radioactive Decay (image)[image-112.png] The half-life of this radioactive isotope is approximately	q77	None	1	A	['(1) 7.5 days', '(2) 12.5 days', '(3) 15.0 days', '(4) 25.0 days']	alphabetic	high	en	earth	social-science	Times New Roman	black
image_left_text_right	Based on fossil evidence, which pie graph best shows the percentage of time that humans have existed on Earth since the time of Earth’s origin? (image)[image-117.png]	q78	None	1	1	['(1) (image)[image-113.png]', '(2) (image)[image-114.png]', '(3) (image)[image-115.png]', '(4) (image)[image-116.png]']	numeric	high	en	earth	social-science	Verdana	black
ordered	The photograph below shows a cone-shaped volcano. (image)[image-122.png] Which stream drainage pattern most likely will be found on this volcano?	q79	None	2	B	['(1) (image)[image-118.png]', '(2) (image)[image-119.png]', '(3) (image)[image-120.png]', '(4) (image)[image-121.png]']	alphabetic	high	en	earth	social-science	Verdana	black
ordered	The topographic map below shows the surface features of a coastal location. Line XY is a reference line on the map. (image)[image-127.png] Which profile best shows the landscape elevations along line XY?	q80	None	3	C	['(1) (image)[image-123.png]', '(2) (image)[image-124.png]', '(3) (image)[image-125.png]', '(4) (image)[image-126.png]']	alphabetic	high	en	earth	social-science	Courier New	black
text_first	The block diagram below represents a meandering river. Points A, B, C, and D represent locations near the edge of the river. (image)[image-128.png] The greatest amount of erosion is most likely occurring at locations	q81	None	4	4	['(1) A and B', '(2) B and C', '(3) C and D', '(4) D and A']	numeric	high	en	earth	social-science	Verdana	black
image_left_text_right	The map below shows the locations of numerous drumlins south of Lake Ontario. (image)[image-129.png] Which agent of erosion formed these drumlins?	q82	None	3	3	['(1) wind', '(2) streams', '(3) moving ice', '(4) wave action']	numeric	high	en	earth	social-science	Arial	black
image_right_text_left	Which diagram best represents the new gibbous phase of the Moon as seen by an observer in New York State?	q84	None	3	C	['(1) (image)[image-132.png]', '(2) (image)[image-133.png]', '(3) (image)[image-134.png]', '(4) (image)[image-135.png]']	alphabetic	high	en	earth	social-science	Times New Roman	black
ordered	How many days (d) are required for the Moon to complete a cycle of phases from one full Moon phase to the next full Moon phase?	q85	None	3	3	['(1) 15.0 d', '(2) 27.3 d', '(3) 29.5 d', '(4) 365.3 d']	numeric	high	en	earth	social-science	Courier New	black
ordered	At which two Moon phases will the difference in height between high tide and low tide most likely be the greatest?	q86	None	1	A	['(1) new Moon and full Moon', '(2) new gibbous and old crescent', '(3) new crescent and old gibbous', '(4) first quarter and last quarter']	alphabetic	high	en	earth	social-science	Courier New	black
image_left_text_right	Eclipses do not occur each time that the Moon revolves around Earth because the Moon’s	q87	None	2	2	['(1) orbit is less eccentric than Earth’s orbit', '(2) orbit is inclined to Earth’s orbit', '(3) diameter is greater than Earth’s diameter', '(4) diameter is less than Earth’s diameter']	numeric	high	en	earth	social-science	Times New Roman	(82, 82, 82)
text_first	The same side of the Moon always faces Earth because the period of revolution of the Moon is	q88	None	4	D	['(1) shorter than the period of rotation of Earth', '(2) shorter than the period of rotation of the Moon', '(3) equal to the period of rotation of Earth', '(4) equal to the period of rotation of the Moon']	alphabetic	high	en	earth	social-science	Times New Roman	black
text_first	The outwash sediment that formed Scoby Hill is best described as	q89	None	1	A	['(1) sorted and layered', '(2) sorted and nonlayered', '(3) unsorted and layered', '(4) unsorted and nonlayered']	alphabetic	high	en	earth	social-science	Courier New	black
text_first	The maximum diameter of the particles in the fill was	q90	None	3	3	['(1) 0.006 cm', '(2) 0.2 cm', '(3) 6.4 cm', '(4) 25.6 cm']	numeric	high	en	earth	social-science	Courier New	black
image_right_text_left	The drain pipes that were installed lowered the water table by	q91	None	3	C	['(1) decreasing the porosity of the clay', '(2) decreasing the permeability of the silt', '(3) removing infiltrated water from the ground', '(4) removing clay and silt from the groundwater']	alphabetic	high	en	earth	social-science	Arial	black
text_first	In which New York State landscape region is Scoby Hill located?	q92	None	1	A	['(1) Allegheny Plateau', '(2) Tug Hill Plateau', '(3) Adirondack Mountains', '(4) Atlantic Coastal Plain']	alphabetic	high	en	earth	social-science	Verdana	black
text_first	The number $2\frac{1}{2}\$ on the station model indicates that	q93	None	2	B	['(1) 2.5 inches of precipitation has fallen in the past 6 hours', '(2) the farthest object that can be seen is located 2.5 miles away', '(3) an advancing cold front is 2.5 miles away', '(4) the air pressure has risen 2.5 millibars in the past 3 hours']	alphabetic	high	en	earth	social-science	Arial	black
image_first	Which present-weather symbol represents the form of precipitation that is most likely occurring at this location?	q94	None	1	1	['(1) (image)[image-138.png]', '(2) (image)[image-139.png]', '(3) (image)[image-140.png]', '(4) (image)[image-141.png]']	numeric	high	en	earth	social-science	Courier New	black
ordered	Which metamorphic rock most likely formed at the interface between rock unit B and the igneous rock?	q98	None	1	1	['(1) quartzite', '(2) metaconglomerate', '(3) phyllite', '(4) marble']	numeric	high	en	earth	social-science	Arial	black
image_first	Human genetic material is represented in the diagram below. (image)[image-144.png] The region labeled A is made up of a section of	q99	None	2	2	['(1) a protein that becomes an enzyme', '(2) DNA that may direct protein synthesis', '(3) a carbohydrate made from amino acids', '(4) glucose that may be copied to make DNA']	numeric	high	en	environment	natural-science	Verdana	black
image_right_text_left	An ecological process is represented below. (image)[image-146.png] Which statement describes an event in this process?	q101	None	1	A	['(1) Community B modifies the environment, making it suitable for community C.', '(2) Community D modifies the environment, making it suitable for community C.', '(3) Community E will develop into community A, if the environment remains stable.', '(4) Community A organisms will develop directly into community D organisms.']	alphabetic	high	en	environment	natural-science	Arial	black
image_first	Which graph best illustrates the change in the human population over the past 2000 years?	q102	None	1	A	['(1) (image)[image-147.png]', '(2) (image)[image-148.png]', '(3) (image)[image-149.png]', '(4) (image)[image-150.png]']	alphabetic	high	en	environment	natural-science	Verdana	black
image_first	The diagram below represents a technique used in some molecular biology laboratories. (image)[image-152.png] Which phrase best describes a possible result of this process?	q104	None	2	B	['(1) the production of gametes having both human and bacterial DNA', '(2) the production of a human hormone by the bacterial cell', '(3) the introduction of a pathogen into a human cell', '(4) the separation of DNA fingerprints in the bacterial cell']	alphabetic	high	en	environment	natural-science	Calibri	black
image_first	The diagram below represents a portion of a molecule found in cells of the human body. (image)[image-153.png] Sequences represented by the letters in this molecule enable human cells to	q105	None	3	3	['(1) alter the method of absorption of material', '(2) carry out asexual reproduction by meiosis', '(3) synthesize enzymes from organic molecules', '(4) modify genetic recombination during mitosis']	numeric	high	en	environment	natural-science	Verdana	black
image_left_text_right	The diagram below represents a compound light microscope. Several parts have been labeled. (image)[image-156.png] In order to make an image brighter, which labeled part of the microscope would most likely be adjusted?	q108	None	4	4	['(1) A', '(2) B', '(3) C', '(4) D']	numeric	high	en	environment	natural-science	Arial	black
image_right_text_left	Which statement is correct concerning the nutritional preferences of these finches?	q109	None	1	A	['(1) The three species do not compete for food because they eat different types of foods.', '(2) The vegetarian and cactus finches compete for food because they both feed on producers.', '(3) The vegetarian and warbler finches compete for food because they both live in trees.', '(4) The three species of finches compete for food because their beaks are similar in shape and size.']	alphabetic	high	en	environment	natural-science	Calibri	black
image_right_text_left	Which process allows for the evolution of finches over time?	q110	None	1	1	['(1) natural selection', '(2) selective breeding', '(3) asexual reproduction', '(4) ecological succession']	numeric	high	en	environment	natural-science	Verdana	black
image_left_text_right	In the diagram below, $\stackrel {\leftrightarrow}{FAD} \\| \stackrel {\leftrightarrow}{EHC}$, and $\overline{ABH}$ and $\overline{BC}$ are drawn. (image)[image-158.jpg] If m∠FAB = 48° and m∠ECB = 18°, what is m∠ABC?	q111	None	3	C	['(1) 18°', '(2) 48°', '(3) 66°', '(4) 114°']	alphabetic	high	en	geometry	math	Verdana	black
ordered	In trapezoid ABCD below, $\overline{AB} \\| \overline{CD}$. (image)[image-159.jpg] If AE = 5.2, AC = 11.7, and CD = 10.5, what is the length of $\overline{AB}$, to the nearest tenth?	q112	None	3	C	['(1) 4.7', '(2) 6.5', '(3) 8.4', '(4) 13.1']	alphabetic	high	en	geometry	math	Courier New	black
ordered	Kayla was cutting right triangles from wood to use for an art project. Two of the right triangles she cut are shown below. (image)[image-160.jpg] If △ABC ∼ △DEF, with right angles B and E, BC = 15 cm, and AC = 17 cm, what is the measure of ∠F, to the nearest degree?	q113	None	1	1	['(1) 28°', '(2) 41°', '(3) 62°', '(4) 88°']	numeric	high	en	geometry	math	Times New Roman	black
image_right_text_left	In circle B below, diameter $\overline{RT}$, radius $\overline{BE}$, and chord $\overline{RE}$ are drawn. (image)[image-163.jpg] If m∠TRE = 15° and BE = 9, then the area of sector EBR is	q116	None	3	C	['(1) 3.375π', '(2) 6.75π', '(3) 33.75π', '(4) 37.125π']	alphabetic	high	en	geometry	math	Verdana	black
ordered	In right triangle RST below, altitude $\overline{SV}$ is drawn to hypotenuse $\overline{RT}$ (image)[image-165.jpg] If RV = 4.1 and TV = 10.2, what is the length of $\overline{ST}$, to the nearest tenth?	q118	None	4	D	['(1) 6.5', '(2) 7.7', '(3) 11.0', '(4) 12.1']	alphabetic	high	en	geometry	math	Arial	black
image_left_text_right	Triangle PQR is shown on the set of axes below. (image)[image-168.jpg] Which quadrant will contain point R", the image of point R, after a 90° clockwise rotation centered at (0,0) followed by a reflection over the x-axis?	q121	None	1	1	['(1) I', '(2) II', '(3) III', '(4) IV']	numeric	high	en	geometry	math	Calibri	black
image_left_text_right	In the diagram below of right triangle ABC, altitude $\overline{BD}$ is drawn. (image)[image-169.jpg] Which ratio is always equivalent to cos A?	q122	None	2	2	['(1) $\\frac{AB}{BC}$', '(2) $\\frac{BD}{BC}$', '(3) $\\frac{BD}{AB}$', '(4) $\\frac{BC}{AC}$']	numeric	high	en	geometry	math	Calibri	black
image_first	The diagram below represents a large Foucault pendulum that has been in motion over an 8-hour period. The arrow labeled X represents the apparent change in the direction of swing over time. (image)[image-171.png] This apparent change in the direction of swing is evidence that Earth	q124	None	2	B	['(1) is tilted on its axis', '(2) rotates on its axis', '(3) revolves in an elliptical orbit', '(4) has magnetic poles that reverse over time']	alphabetic	high	en	earth	social-science	Calibri	black
image_first	The diagram below represents two columns, A and B, that were used to determine the infiltration rate and water retention of two different particle sizes by pouring equal amounts of water through each column. (image)[image-172.png] (Not drawn to scale) Compared to column A, column B had a	q125	None	2	B	['(1) lower rate of infiltration and retained less water', '(2) lower rate of infiltration and retained more water', '(3) higher rate of infiltration and retained less water', '(4) higher rate of infiltration and retained more water']	alphabetic	high	en	earth	social-science	Verdana	black
text_first	The photograph below shows parallel scratches on the surface of limestone bedrock near Rochester, New York. (image)[image-173.png] These parallel scratches were most likely caused by	q126	None	3	3	['(1) ocean waves', '(2) running water', '(3) movement of glacial ice', '(4) sandblasting by wind']	numeric	high	en	earth	social-science	Courier New	black

ordered

As shown in the diagram below, a student standing on the roof of a 50.0-meter-high building kicks a stone at a horizontal speed of 4.00 meters per second. (image)[image-0.jpg] (Not drawn to scale) How much time is required for the stone to reach the level ground below? [Neglect friction.]

q1

None

1

A

['(1) 3.19 s', '(2) 5.10 s', '(3) 10.2 s', '(4) 12.5 s']

alphabetic

high

en

physics

natural-science

Courier New

black

ordered

The diagram below shows a horizontal 12-newton force being applied to two blocks, A and B, initially at rest on a horizontal, frictionless surface. Block A has a mass of 1.0 kilogram and block B has a mass of 2.0 kilograms. (image)[image-1.jpg] The magnitude of the acceleration of block B is

q2

None

4

D

['(1) 6.0 m/s^{2}', '(2) 2.0 m/s^{2}', '(3) 3.0 m/s^{2}', '(4) 4.0 m/s^{2}']

alphabetic

high

en

physics

natural-science

Calibri

black

ordered

The diagram below represents a mass, m, being swung clockwise at constant speed in a horizontal circle. (image)[image-2.jpg] At the instant shown, the centripetal force acting on mass m is directed toward point

q3

None

3

['(1) A', '(2) B', '(3) C', '(4) D']

numeric

high

en

physics

natural-science

Arial

black

image_left_text_right

A wound spring provides the energy to propel a toy car across a level floor. At time t_{i} ,the car is moving at speed v_{i} across the floor and the spring is unwinding, as shown below. At time t_{f}, the spring has fully unwound and the car has coasted to a stop. (image)[image-3.jpg] Which statement best describes the transformation of energy that occurs between times t_{i} and t_{f}?

q4

None

3

C

['(1) Gravitational potential energy at t_{i} is converted to internal energy at t_{f}.', '(2) Elastic potential energy at t_{i} is converted to kinetic energy at t_{f}.', '(3) Both elastic potential energy and kinetic energy at t_{i} are converted to internal energy at t_{f}.', '(4) Both kinetic energy and internal energy at t_{i} are converted to elastic potential energy at t_{f}.']

alphabetic

high

en

physics

natural-science

Calibri

black

ordered

The diagram below represents the electric field surrounding two charged spheres, A and B. (image)[image-5.jpg] What is the sign of the charge of each sphere?

q6

None

2

['(1) Sphere A is positive and sphere B is negative.', '(2) Sphere A is negative and sphere B is positive.', '(3) Both spheres are positive.', '(4) Both spheres are negative.']

numeric

high

en

physics

natural-science

Times New Roman

black

image_first

Which circuit has the smallest equivalent resistance?

q7

None

3

['(1) (image)[image-6.jpg]', '(2) (image)[image-7.jpg]', '(3) (image)[image-8.jpg]', '(4) (image)[image-9.jpg]']

numeric

high

en

physics

natural-science

Times New Roman

black

ordered

Which diagram best represents the motion of the particle at position C as the wave moves to the right?

q8

None

4

['(1) (image)[image-11.jpg]', '(2) (image)[image-12.jpg]', '(3) (image)[image-13.jpg]', '(4) (image)[image-14.jpg]']

numeric

high

en

physics

natural-science

Arial

black

image_first

The wavelength of this wave is equal to the distance between points

q9

None

2

['(1) A and B', '(2) A and C', '(3) B and C', '(4) B and E']

numeric

high

en

physics

natural-science

Calibri

black

image_right_text_left

The energy of this wave is related to its

q10

None

1

A

['(1) amplitude', '(2) period', '(3) speed', '(4) wavelength']

alphabetic

high

en

physics

natural-science

Calibri

black

ordered

A ray of monochromatic yellow light (f = 5.09 * 10^{14} Hz) passes from water through flint glass and into medium X, as shown below. (image)[image-15.jpg] The absolute index of refraction of medium X is

q11

None

4

['(1) less than 1.33', '(2) greater than 1.33 and less than 1.52', '(3) greater than 1.52 and less than 1.66', '(4) equal to 1.66']

numeric

high

en

physics

natural-science

Calibri

black

image_left_text_right

A ball is dropped from the top of a cliff. Which graph best represents the relationship between the ball’s total energy and elapsed time as the ball falls to the ground? [Neglect friction.]

q12

None

4

['(1) (image)[image-16.jpg]', '(2) (image)[image-17.jpg]', '(3) (image)[image-18.jpg]', '(4) (image)[image-19.jpg]']

numeric

high

en

physics

natural-science

Times New Roman

black

text_first

The graph below represents the relationship between the current in a metallic conductor and the potential difference across the conductor at constant temperature. Current vs. Potential Difference (image)[image-20.jpg] The resistance of the conductor is

q13

None

2

B

['(1) 1.0 Ω', '(2) 2.0 Ω', '(3) 0.50 Ω', '(4) 4.0 Ω']

alphabetic

high

en

physics

natural-science

Courier New

(20, 20, 20)

ordered

A student throws a baseball vertically upward and then catches it. If vertically upward is considered to be the positive direction, which graph best represents the relationship between velocity and time for the baseball? [Neglect friction.]

q14

None

4

D

['(1) (image)[image-21.jpg]', '(2) (image)[image-22.jpg]', '(3) (image)[image-23.jpg]', '(4) (image)[image-24.jpg]']

alphabetic

high

en

physics

natural-science

Verdana

black

text_first

The circuit diagram below represents four resistors connected to a 12-volt source. (image)[image-25.jpg] What is the total current in the circuit?

q15

None

1

['(1) 0.50 A', '(2) 2.0 A', '(3) 8.6 A', '(4) 24 A']

numeric

high

en

physics

natural-science

Courier New

black

text_first

The distance between an electron and a proton is varied. Which pair of graphs best represents the relationship between gravitational force, F_{g}, and distance, r, and the relationship between electrostatic force, F_{e}, and distance, r, for these particles?

q17

None

1

A

['(1) (image)[image-30.jpg]', '(2) (image)[image-31.jpg]', '(3) (image)[image-32.jpg]', '(4) (image)[image-33.jpg]']

alphabetic

high

en

physics

natural-science

Verdana

black

image_first

The diagram below represents a periodic wave traveling through a uniform medium. (image)[image-34.jpg] If the frequency of the wave is 2.0 hertz, the speed of the wave is

q18

None

3

C

['(1) 6.0 m/s', '(2) 2.0 m/s', '(3) 8.0 m/s', '(4) 4.0 m/s']

alphabetic

high

en

physics

natural-science

Arial

black

image_first

The diagram below represents a light ray reflecting from a plane mirror. (image)[image-35.jpg] The angle of reflection for the light ray is

q19

None

1

A

['(1) 25°', '(2) 35°', '(3) 50.°', '(4) 65°']

alphabetic

high

en

physics

natural-science

Verdana

black

image_left_text_right

The diagram below shows a standing wave in a string clamped at each end. (image)[image-36.jpg] What is the total number of nodes and antinodes in the standing wave?

q20

None

3

C

['(1) 3 nodes and 2 antinodes', '(2) 2 nodes and 3 antinodes', '(3) 5 nodes and 4 antinodes', '(4) 4 nodes and 5 antinodes']

alphabetic

high

en

physics

natural-science

Courier New

black

image_right_text_left

Hydrilla, a plant native to Central Africa, was widely used in home aquaria. Hydrilla was often dumped with aquarium water into drains, sewers, or ponds. It then thrived and has become an invasive species, disrupting aquatic ecosystems from Florida through the northeast United States. Removing Hydrilla from these ecosystems will most likely require either physically removing it or adding chemicals to the affected waters to kill it. (image)[image-44.png] Source: South Carolina Department of Natural Resources The result of the introduction of Hydrilla into native ecosystems in the United States has shown that

q21

None

4

['(1) chemical controls will now be necessary to maintain every stable ecosystem', '(2) Hydrilla will not continue to expand beyond one year because it is not native to the United States', '(3) organisms in ecosystems of the United States can eventually build up an immunity to Hydrilla', '(4) when humans alter ecosystems by adding specific organisms, serious consequences can result']

numeric

high

en

environment

natural-science

Verdana

black

text_first

The tube-lipped nectar bat, found in Madidi National Park in Ecuador, has the longest tongue in relation to its size of any mammal. Its 8.5 cm tongue can reach into the deepest flowers. (image)[image-45.png] Source: http://www.wild-facts.com/ 2013 It is likely that the population of these bats with exceptionally long tongues will increase in the Madidi National Park ecosystem if

q22

None

4

D

['(1) the population of plants with very deep flowers suffers a sharp decrease in number', '(2) the gene for the long tongue trait cannot get passed on to future generations of nectar bats', '(3) other mammal species with long tongues move into the area and increase competition', '(4) the tongue variation provides the species with an advantage in surviving and reproducing']

alphabetic

high

en

environment

natural-science

Calibri

black

image_left_text_right

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the bacterium responsible for most ulcers and many cases of stomach inflammation. An antibiotic has been found to kill these bacteria. It works because H. pylori makes a particular enzyme that happens to react with the antibiotic and makes it poisonous to the bacterium. The sequences in the diagram below show the effects of antibiotic treatment on two strains of H. pylori, one of which does not produce the enzyme. (image)[image-47.png] Source: Adapted from https://econjsun.files.wordpress.com/2011/11/h-pylori.jpg The overall series of events best illustrates the process of

q24

None

4

D

['(1) H. pylori control by the stomach', '(2) DNA replication in bacterial cells', '(3) mutation of the antibiotic used in the treatment', '(4) natural selection in H. pylori bacteria']

alphabetic

high

en

environment

natural-science

Verdana

black

ordered

The illustrations below are of an organism called Archeopteryx, which lived approximately 150 million years ago. Archeopteryx had teeth and claws like a dinosaur and wings with feathers like a bird. Archeopteryx (image)[image-48.png] Source: The Guardian (online) (image)[image-49.png] Source: http://www.dinosaurusi.com/en/post/252/flying-dinosaur-pictures---archeopteryx/ Such fossils allow scientists to conclude that

q25

None

3

C

['(1) dinosaurs and birds all ate the same foods', '(2) sexual reproduction in birds resulted in dinosaurs', '(3) dinosaurs and birds share a common ancestor', '(4) dinosaurs and birds belong to the same species']

alphabetic

high

en

environment

natural-science

Times New Roman

black

image_left_text_right

Infestation with bedbugs is a serious health problem, and scientists seeking to control bedbug reproduction are constantly researching new options. It has now been shown that freezing any articles of clothing or bedding containing bedbugs at a temperature below -15°C for 3.5 days will kill all of the bedbugs and their eggs. (image)[image-50.png] Source: Science Daily 12/8/13 Using the technique of freezing is preferable to using chemical insecticides because a major disadvantage of using chemical pesticides is that they

q26

None

2

['(1) are highly toxic to the bedbugs, but not toxic to other organisms', '(2) could remain in the clothing or bedding and harm humans later', '(3) are made of molecules so the bedbugs will not develop resistance to them', '(4) could be useful for medical research and should not be wasted on bedbugs']

numeric

high

en

environment

natural-science

Arial

black

image_left_text_right

Within a specific kind of tissue, there are different types of cells. In bone tissue, there are four different cell types, as shown below. (image)[image-51.png] Source: https://www.boundless.com/biology/textbooks/boundlessbiology-textbook/the-musculoskeletal-system-38/bone-216/cell-types-in-bones-816-12058/ Since the four types of cells contain the same genetic instructions, how is it possible for them to have different shapes and carry out different functions?

q27

None

2

['(1) Each cell type has the ability to remove unnecessary DNA sequences.', '(2) Different parts of the genetic code may be used in each of the cell types.', '(3) Different gene mutations take place within each cell type.', '(4) Each cell type is the result of different methods of cell division.']

numeric

high

en

environment

natural-science

Courier New

(168, 168, 168)

ordered

The series of fossil snail shells below represents 10 samples that were collected from deposits laid down from 10 million years ago to 3 million years ago. The shells are arranged in order by age. The shells shown represent how they looked at various times over a 7-million-year period. (image)[image-52.png] Source: Life,The Science of Biology, Second Ed., Purves and Orians, Sinauer Associates 1987 It would be most accurate to conclude that the snails of this species

q28

None

1

A

['(1) changed in size due to environmental changes that affected the survival of different-sized snails', '(2) grew smaller, then larger over time as the environment changed from a wetter to a drier climate', '(3) changed in size at different times, because they needed better protection from predators', '(4) grew larger because, as organisms evolve, they always become larger and more complex']

alphabetic

high

en

environment

natural-science

Calibri

black

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A plant commonly referred to as “Mother of Thousands” has lost its ability to produce seeds. In order to reproduce, the edges of the plant’s leaves asexually develop miniature plants that drop off and grow into mature plants. (image)[image-53.png] Source: http://www.guide-to-houseplants.com/mother-of-thousands.html The cells of the offspring would have

q29

None

2

['(1) half the genetic information, when compared to cells of the parent plant’s leaves', '(2) the same genetic information, when compared to cells of the parent plant', '(3) twice as much genetic information as is present in the cells of the parent plant', '(4) incomplete genetic information, because the parent plant does not produce seeds']

numeric

high

en

environment

natural-science

Courier New

black

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The diagram below represents part of a biological process that begins with a chromosome containing a specific human gene being removed from a human cell. (image)[image-54.png] Source: Adapted from Biology, Ninth Ed. Sylvia Mader. McGraw-Hill, Higher Education, Boston, 2007, p.268 The overall process is important because it

q30

None

4

['(1) may be used to make human DNA identical to that of other organisms', '(2) helps scientists understand how amino acids are grouped together to form a genetic code', '(3) results in the production of carbohydrates that cannot mutate and cause disease', '(4) may be used to produce chemicals that can be used to treat certain human disorders']

numeric

high

en

environment

natural-science

Courier New

(168, 168, 168)

image_left_text_right

What is the most likely reason for the variation in the dissolved oxygen levels in the pond over the 24-hour period?

q31

None

2

B

['(1) The increased light during the day decreases the oxygen produced by photosynthesis.', '(2) Photosynthesis produces more oxygen during the day than is used by respiration.', '(3) Respiration is reduced at night, so the oxygen produced by photosynthesis increases.', '(4) More producers are active at night, so the dissolved oxygen increases.']

alphabetic

high

en

environment

natural-science

Arial

black

image_left_text_right

A large population of fish was introduced into the pond. During which part of the day would these fish affect the dissolved oxygen level in the pond?

q32

None

1

['(1) both day and night, because respiration is occurring all the time in plants and animals', '(2) nighttime, because no respiration is occurring', '(3) daytime, because that is when plants are most active', '(4) neither day nor night, because only plants produce oxygen']

numeric

high

en

environment

natural-science

Calibri

black

text_first

A graph of population changes of two animal species over time is shown below. Population Changes (image)[image-56.png] Using the information on the graph, what is the most likely relationship between these two populations?

q33

None

1

['(1) predator/prey', '(2) parasite/host', '(3) consumer/decomposer', '(4) pathogen/host']

numeric

high

en

environment

natural-science

Calibri

(138, 138, 138)

image_left_text_right

Base your answer to question 35 on the information and diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. The diagram represents the energy relationships in a forest ecosystem. (image)[image-57.png] Source: Adapted from http://www.skyhunters.org/Presentations.html The best explanation for the decrease in the amount of energy available as one moves up the pyramid is that

q34

None

3

C

['(1) producers require more energy than consumers to survive', '(2) decomposers recycle nutrients at each level', '(3) much of the energy at each level is lost as heat', '(4) animals use less energy than plants']

alphabetic

high

en

environment

natural-science

Courier New

black

image_first

Researchers have shown that environmental factors, such as exposure to toxins, can bring about epigenetic effects. This research suggests that an organism’s traits

q35

None

3

C

['(1) are always determined by its DNA sequences', '(2) are only determined by environmental effects', '(3) can be influenced by environmental factors', '(4) alter half of the DNA they inherited from their parents']

alphabetic

high

en

environment

natural-science

Courier New

black

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The graphs below display the percent of monitoring stations where three different amphibian species were seen. The data were collected between 1995 to 2007 in the wetlands surrounding the Great Lakes. Percent of Monitoring Stations Reporting Amphibians in the Great Lakes Basin (image)[image-59.png] Source: Adapted from http://www.biodivcanada.ca/default.asp?lang=En&n=3AF43Cbb-1 Which claim is best supported by the data represented in the graphs?

q37

None

3

['(1) The American toad population increased by approximately 57% in 1995 and 40% more in 2007.', '(2) The bullfrog population decreased every year between 1995 and 2005.', '(3) The spring peeper population is at about the same level in 2007 as it was in 1995.', '(4) All three amphibian populations were infected by a parasite in 2003.']

numeric

high

en

environment

natural-science

Calibri

black

image_right_text_left

Population Changes (image)[image-60.png] One factor that could result in an increase in the population size after year 10 would be

q38

None

2

B

['(1) increased competition within the species', '(2) additional food became available', '(3) predators of the species became more numerous', '(4) a new parasite negatively affected reproduction in the species']

alphabetic

high

en

environment

natural-science

Calibri

black

text_first

The graph shows how the population growth rate of several species of fish is affected by temperature. The Influence of Temperature on Growth Rates of Fish Populations (image)[image-61.png] What is the most favorable temperature for the growth of the yellow perch population?

q39

None

3

['(1) 10°C', '(2) 15°C', '(3) 20°C', '(4) 30°C']

numeric

high

en

environment

natural-science

Calibri

black

image_first

The illustrations represent cross sections of two different plant stems. A student compared two stem cross sections. Stem cross section A is from a plant that can be used to produce products with valuable medicinal properties. Stem cross section B is from a plant growing in the same area of the forest and its usefulness for producing medicines is unknown. The student concluded that the stem cross sections had many structural similarities and that the plant that produced cross section B would produce the same valuable medicinal products. (image)[image-62.png] Source: http://www.proprofs.com/quiz-school/story.php?title=monocot-dicot-quiz (image)[image-63.png] Source: http://www.bio.miami.edu/dana/pix/dicot_stem.jpg Is the student’s conclusion valid?

q40

None

4

D

['(1) Yes, because the structural similarities indicate a close relationship between the organisms.', '(2) Yes, because these plants grow in the same regions of the forest ecosystem and look similar.', '(3) No, because he did not evaluate soil conditions, such as pH, with chemical indicators.', '(4) No, because this structural evidence alone is insufficient and molecular evidence should be obtained.']

alphabetic

high

en

environment

natural-science

Verdana

(20, 20, 20)

image_right_text_left

DNA samples were taken from four different species of animals labeled A, B, C, and D. The diagram below represents the results of a procedure that separated the DNA fragments from each species. (image)[image-64.png] The fragments of DNA separated into these bands because of their

q41

None

3

['(1) pH and color', '(2) charge and radioactivity', '(3) electrical charge and size', '(4) color and size']

numeric

high

en

environment

natural-science

Calibri

black

text_first

The diagram illustrates the movement of molecules across an artificial membrane in a U-shaped glass tube. A 1% starch solution was poured into the left side of the tube, and distilled water was placed in the right side of the tube. (image)[image-65.png] Source: Adapted from Biology, Barret, et al., 1986. p.147 If a 1% salt solution were substituted for the starch solution in this setup, the results would be

q42

None

4

D

['(1) different, because all of the molecules would move to the right side of the tube', '(2) similar, because the salt would block the movement of molecules across the membrane', '(3) the same, because the movement of molecules in a tube always goes from right to left', '(4) similar, because water molecules will still move across the membrane in a similar manner']

alphabetic

high

en

environment

natural-science

Arial

black

text_first

The map below shows a weather variable recorded at the same time across the United States. (image)[image-67.png] According to the data on the map, which weather variable was most likely recorded?

q44

None

4

D

['(1) wind speed in knots', '(2) air pressure in millibars', '(3) rainfall in inches in the last 6 hours', '(4) air temperature in degrees Fahrenheit']

alphabetic

high

en

earth

social-science

Arial

(43, 43, 43)

ordered

The diagram below represents four different land surfaces of equal area. (image)[image-68.png] Which area would most likely have the greatest permeability as each area receives the same amount of rainfall?

q45

None

3

['(1) sand', '(2) grassy field with silt soil', '(3) pebbles', '(4) forest with clay soil']

numeric

high

en

earth

social-science

Calibri

black

text_first

The diagram below represents a portion of the water cycle. Letters A, B, C, and D represent processes or features related to the water cycle. Arrows represent movement of water. Water Cycle (image)[image-69.png] Which table correctly matches these letters with the processes or features related to the water cycle?

q46

None

4

numeric

high

en

earth

social-science

Calibri

black

image_right_text_left

The diagram below represents a sling psychrometer. (image)[image-75.png] Based on the wet-bulb temperature and the dry-bulb temperature, what is the approximate relative humidity?

q49

None

4

['(1) 6%', '(2) 8%', '(3) 30%', '(4) 60%']

numeric

high

en

earth

social-science

Verdana

black

ordered

The graph below represents the decay of a radioactive isotope into a stable disintegration product. (image)[image-76.png] Which remains could be dated using this radioactive isotope?

q50

None

2

B

['(1) seeds from the earliest grasses', '(2) mastodont bone', '(3) feathers from the earliest birds', '(4) Naples tree trunk']

alphabetic

high

en

earth

social-science

Arial

black

ordered

Block diagram A below represents normal surface ocean currents and the upwelling of colder water in the eastern Pacific Ocean. Block diagram B represents a reversal of surface ocean currents and decreased upwelling in the same region, initiating an El Niño event. Diagram A Normal Conditions (image)[image-77.png] Diagram B El Niño Conditions (image)[image-78.png] Adapted from: Moran, Joseph. Weather Studies: Introduction to Atmospheric Science Warmer surface water builds up in the eastern Pacific Ocean during an El Niño event because the speed of the Easterlies

q51

None

1

['(1) decreases and upwelling decreases', '(2) decreases and upwelling increases', '(3) increases and upwelling decreases', '(4) increases and upwelling increases']

numeric

high

en

earth

social-science

Times New Roman

black

text_first

The photograph below shows the New York State fossil Eurypterus remipes. (image)[image-79.png] Eurypterus fossils are most likely to be found in surface bedrock near

q52

None

4

['(1) Elmira', '(2) Mt. Marcy', '(3) Watertown', '(4) Niagara Falls']

numeric

high

en

earth

social-science

Verdana

black

text_first

The map below represents a bridge over the meander of a stream. From the bridge, a student measures the stream velocity at locations A, B, and C. (image)[image-82.png] Which table represents the most probable stream velocity recordings at each location?

q55

None

1

A

['(1)\nLocation | Velocity (cm/sec)\nA | 100\nB | 94\nC | 88', '(2)\nLocation | Velocity (cm/sec)\nA | 88\nB | 94\nC | 100', '(3)\nLocation | Velocity (cm/sec)\nA | 100\nB | 88\nC | 94', '(4)\nLocation | Velocity (cm/sec)\nA | 88\nB | 100\nC | 94']

alphabetic

high

en

earth

social-science

Times New Roman

black

text_first

The sequence of diagrams below represent three stages in the formation of a geologic feature over time. (image)[image-83.png] Which geologic feature is formed by this process?

q56

None

4

['(1) drumlin', '(2) dune', '(3) finger lake', '(4) kettle lake']

numeric

high

en

earth

social-science

Verdana

(43, 43, 43)

image_right_text_left

The map below shows a portion of Matagorda Island. This barrier island is located along the coast of Texas in the Gulf of Mexico. (image)[image-84.png] Which agent of erosion is primarily responsible for the formation of Matagorda Island?

q57

None

3

C

['(1) streams', '(2) moving ice', '(3) wave action', '(4) wind']

alphabetic

high

en

earth

social-science

Arial

(20, 20, 20)

image_right_text_left

The photograph below shows one type of limestone described in the table. (image)[image-85.png] daniellesdives.files.wordpress.com This type of limestone is best identified as

q58

None

2

['(1) chalk', '(2) coquina', '(3) coral', '(4) travertine']

numeric

high

en

earth

social-science

Courier New

black

image_left_text_right

The texture of the gneiss indicates that the bedrock

q60

None

2

B

['(1) underwent contact metamorphism', '(2) underwent regional metamorphism', '(3) was bioclastic in origin', '(4) was composed of compacted sediment']

alphabetic

high

en

earth

social-science

Calibri

black

ordered

The altitude of Polaris as seen by an observer on Whiteface Mountain in the Mount Marcy region will be approximately

q61

None

2

['(1) 40°', '(2) 44°', '(3) 74°', '(4) 90°']

numeric

high

en

earth

social-science

Arial

black

ordered

Which type of tectonic plate boundary is represented in the cross-section?

q62

None

3

C

['(1) complex', '(2) transform', '(3) convergent', '(4) divergent']

alphabetic

high

en

earth

social-science

Calibri

black

ordered

The geologic feature indicated by letter A is

q63

None

3

C

['(1) a hot spot', '(2) an island arc', '(3) an ocean trench', '(4) an igneous intrusion']

alphabetic

high

en

earth

social-science

Calibri

black

image_right_text_left

What most likely caused the major devastation along the flat coastal areas of Japan as a result of this earthquake?

q64

None

4

D

['(1) crustal downwarping', '(2) lava flows', '(3) landslides', '(4) a tsunami']

alphabetic

high

en

earth

social-science

Arial

(138, 138, 138)

image_left_text_right

Which arrows represent reflected insolation?

q65

None

1

A

['(1) A and E', '(2) B and C', '(3) C and D', '(4) D and A']

alphabetic

high

en

earth

social-science

Calibri

black

image_right_text_left

Compared to path D, the amount of energy reaching Earth’s surface following path B is likely

q66

None

1

A

['(1) less, because atmospheric transparency is less', '(2) less, because atmospheric transparency is greater', '(3) more, because atmospheric transparency is less', '(4) more, because atmospheric transparency is greater']

alphabetic

high

en

earth

social-science

Calibri

black

image_first

Which type of surface material absorbs and reradiates the greatest amount of energy?

q67

None

4

['(1) white with a smooth texture', '(2) white with a rough texture', '(3) dark with a smooth texture', '(4) dark with a rough texture']

numeric

high

en

earth

social-science

Times New Roman

black

text_first

Which group of living organisms survived all five major mass extinctions?

q68

None

2

['(1) ammonoids', '(2) brachiopods', '(3) graptolites', '(4) trilobites']

numeric

high

en

earth

social-science

Courier New

black

ordered

Which diagram represents the correct direction of Earth’s rotation?

q70

None

4

D

['(1) (image)[image-91.png]', '(2) (image)[image-92.png]', '(3) (image)[image-93.png]', '(4) (image)[image-94.png]']

alphabetic

high

en

earth

social-science

Verdana

black

ordered

Approximately how many degrees does Earth rotate on itsaxis over this five-hour period?

q71

None

3

C

['(1) 15°', '(2) 45°', '(3) 75°', '(4) 90°']

alphabetic

high

en

earth

social-science

Calibri

black

text_first

The map below shows the time zones of the continental United States. The dashed lines represent meridians of longitude. The locations of Cleveland, Ohio, and Portland, Oregon, are shown. (image)[image-103.png] What time is it in Portland, Oregon, when it is 9 p.m. in Cleveland, Ohio?

q72

None

2

['(1) 5 p.m.', '(2) 6 p.m.', '(3) 11 p.m.', '(4) 12 midnight']

numeric

high

en

earth

social-science

Courier New

black

image_first

The diagrams below represent the constellations that are visible above the southern horizon at midnight from the same New York State location on two different dates of the year. (image)[image-104.png] Southern horizon - January 8 (image)[image-105.png] Southern horizon - July 9 (Not drawn to scale) Why are different constellations seen on these two dates at midnight?

q73

None

4

D

['(1) Constellations rotate on an axis.', '(2) Constellations revolve around the Sun.', '(3) Earth rotates on its axis.', '(4) Earth revolves around the Sun.']

alphabetic

high

en

earth

social-science

Courier New

black

image_left_text_right

Letters A, B, C, and D in the diagram below represent processes in the water cycle. (image)[image-106.png] Which letter represents the process of transpiration?

q74

None

4

['(1) A', '(2) B', '(3) C', '(4) D']

numeric

high

en

earth

social-science

Calibri

black

image_left_text_right

Assuming that no overturning of rock layers has occurred, which geologic outcrop containing New York State index fossils represents the correct sequence of time within the same group of organisms?

q76

None

1

A

['(1) (image)[image-108.png]', '(2) (image)[image-109.png]', '(3) (image)[image-110.png]', '(4) (image)[image-111.png]']

alphabetic

high

en

earth

social-science

Times New Roman

black

image_first

The graph below shows the decay of a 50-gram sample of a radioactive isotope over 30 days. Radioactive Decay (image)[image-112.png] The half-life of this radioactive isotope is approximately

q77

None

1

A

['(1) 7.5 days', '(2) 12.5 days', '(3) 15.0 days', '(4) 25.0 days']

alphabetic

high

en

earth

social-science

Times New Roman

black

image_left_text_right

Based on fossil evidence, which pie graph best shows the percentage of time that humans have existed on Earth since the time of Earth’s origin? (image)[image-117.png]

q78

None

1

['(1) (image)[image-113.png]', '(2) (image)[image-114.png]', '(3) (image)[image-115.png]', '(4) (image)[image-116.png]']

numeric

high

en

earth

social-science

Verdana

black

ordered

The photograph below shows a cone-shaped volcano. (image)[image-122.png] Which stream drainage pattern most likely will be found on this volcano?

q79

None

2

B

['(1) (image)[image-118.png]', '(2) (image)[image-119.png]', '(3) (image)[image-120.png]', '(4) (image)[image-121.png]']

alphabetic

high

en

earth

social-science

Verdana

black

ordered

The topographic map below shows the surface features of a coastal location. Line XY is a reference line on the map. (image)[image-127.png] Which profile best shows the landscape elevations along line XY?

q80

None

3

C

['(1) (image)[image-123.png]', '(2) (image)[image-124.png]', '(3) (image)[image-125.png]', '(4) (image)[image-126.png]']

alphabetic

high

en

earth

social-science

Courier New

black

text_first

The block diagram below represents a meandering river. Points A, B, C, and D represent locations near the edge of the river. (image)[image-128.png] The greatest amount of erosion is most likely occurring at locations

q81

None

4

['(1) A and B', '(2) B and C', '(3) C and D', '(4) D and A']

numeric

high

en

earth

social-science

Verdana

black

image_left_text_right

The map below shows the locations of numerous drumlins south of Lake Ontario. (image)[image-129.png] Which agent of erosion formed these drumlins?

q82

None

3

['(1) wind', '(2) streams', '(3) moving ice', '(4) wave action']

numeric

high

en

earth

social-science

Arial

black

image_right_text_left

Which diagram best represents the new gibbous phase of the Moon as seen by an observer in New York State?

q84

None

3

C

['(1) (image)[image-132.png]', '(2) (image)[image-133.png]', '(3) (image)[image-134.png]', '(4) (image)[image-135.png]']

alphabetic

high

en

earth

social-science

Times New Roman

black

ordered

How many days (d) are required for the Moon to complete a cycle of phases from one full Moon phase to the next full Moon phase?

q85

None

3

['(1) 15.0 d', '(2) 27.3 d', '(3) 29.5 d', '(4) 365.3 d']

numeric

high

en

earth

social-science

Courier New

black

ordered

At which two Moon phases will the difference in height between high tide and low tide most likely be the greatest?

q86

None

1

A

['(1) new Moon and full Moon', '(2) new gibbous and old crescent', '(3) new crescent and old gibbous', '(4) first quarter and last quarter']

alphabetic

high

en

earth

social-science

Courier New

black

image_left_text_right

Eclipses do not occur each time that the Moon revolves around Earth because the Moon’s

q87

None

2

['(1) orbit is less eccentric than Earth’s orbit', '(2) orbit is inclined to Earth’s orbit', '(3) diameter is greater than Earth’s diameter', '(4) diameter is less than Earth’s diameter']

numeric

high

en

earth

social-science

Times New Roman

(82, 82, 82)

text_first

The same side of the Moon always faces Earth because the period of revolution of the Moon is

q88

None

4

D

['(1) shorter than the period of rotation of Earth', '(2) shorter than the period of rotation of the Moon', '(3) equal to the period of rotation of Earth', '(4) equal to the period of rotation of the Moon']

alphabetic

high

en

earth

social-science

Times New Roman

black

text_first

The outwash sediment that formed Scoby Hill is best described as

q89

None

1

A

['(1) sorted and layered', '(2) sorted and nonlayered', '(3) unsorted and layered', '(4) unsorted and nonlayered']

alphabetic

high

en

earth

social-science

Courier New

black

text_first

The maximum diameter of the particles in the fill was

q90

None

3

['(1) 0.006 cm', '(2) 0.2 cm', '(3) 6.4 cm', '(4) 25.6 cm']

numeric

high

en

earth

social-science

Courier New

black

image_right_text_left

The drain pipes that were installed lowered the water table by

q91

None

3

C

['(1) decreasing the porosity of the clay', '(2) decreasing the permeability of the silt', '(3) removing infiltrated water from the ground', '(4) removing clay and silt from the groundwater']

alphabetic

high

en

earth

social-science

Arial

black

text_first

In which New York State landscape region is Scoby Hill located?

q92

None

1

A

['(1) Allegheny Plateau', '(2) Tug Hill Plateau', '(3) Adirondack Mountains', '(4) Atlantic Coastal Plain']

alphabetic

high

en

earth

social-science

Verdana

black

text_first

The number $2\frac{1}{2}\$ on the station model indicates that

q93

None

2

B

['(1) 2.5 inches of precipitation has fallen in the past 6 hours', '(2) the farthest object that can be seen is located 2.5 miles away', '(3) an advancing cold front is 2.5 miles away', '(4) the air pressure has risen 2.5 millibars in the past 3 hours']

alphabetic

high

en

earth

social-science

Arial

black

image_first

Which present-weather symbol represents the form of precipitation that is most likely occurring at this location?

q94

None

1

['(1) (image)[image-138.png]', '(2) (image)[image-139.png]', '(3) (image)[image-140.png]', '(4) (image)[image-141.png]']

numeric

high

en

earth

social-science

Courier New

black

ordered

Which metamorphic rock most likely formed at the interface between rock unit B and the igneous rock?

q98

None

1

['(1) quartzite', '(2) metaconglomerate', '(3) phyllite', '(4) marble']

numeric

high

en

earth

social-science

Arial

black

image_first

Human genetic material is represented in the diagram below. (image)[image-144.png] The region labeled A is made up of a section of

q99

None

2

['(1) a protein that becomes an enzyme', '(2) DNA that may direct protein synthesis', '(3) a carbohydrate made from amino acids', '(4) glucose that may be copied to make DNA']

numeric

high

en

environment

natural-science

Verdana

black

image_right_text_left

An ecological process is represented below. (image)[image-146.png] Which statement describes an event in this process?

q101

None

1

A

['(1) Community B modifies the environment, making it suitable for community C.', '(2) Community D modifies the environment, making it suitable for community C.', '(3) Community E will develop into community A, if the environment remains stable.', '(4) Community A organisms will develop directly into community D organisms.']

alphabetic

high

en

environment

natural-science

Arial

black

image_first

Which graph best illustrates the change in the human population over the past 2000 years?

q102

None

1

A

['(1) (image)[image-147.png]', '(2) (image)[image-148.png]', '(3) (image)[image-149.png]', '(4) (image)[image-150.png]']

alphabetic

high

en

environment

natural-science

Verdana

black

image_first

The diagram below represents a technique used in some molecular biology laboratories. (image)[image-152.png] Which phrase best describes a possible result of this process?

q104

None

2

B

['(1) the production of gametes having both human and bacterial DNA', '(2) the production of a human hormone by the bacterial cell', '(3) the introduction of a pathogen into a human cell', '(4) the separation of DNA fingerprints in the bacterial cell']

alphabetic

high

en

environment

natural-science

Calibri

black

image_first

The diagram below represents a portion of a molecule found in cells of the human body. (image)[image-153.png] Sequences represented by the letters in this molecule enable human cells to

q105

None

3

['(1) alter the method of absorption of material', '(2) carry out asexual reproduction by meiosis', '(3) synthesize enzymes from organic molecules', '(4) modify genetic recombination during mitosis']

numeric

high

en

environment

natural-science

Verdana

black

image_left_text_right

The diagram below represents a compound light microscope. Several parts have been labeled. (image)[image-156.png] In order to make an image brighter, which labeled part of the microscope would most likely be adjusted?

q108

None

4

['(1) A', '(2) B', '(3) C', '(4) D']

numeric

high

en

environment

natural-science

Arial

black

image_right_text_left

Which statement is correct concerning the nutritional preferences of these finches?

q109

None

1

A

['(1) The three species do not compete for food because they eat different types of foods.', '(2) The vegetarian and cactus finches compete for food because they both feed on producers.', '(3) The vegetarian and warbler finches compete for food because they both live in trees.', '(4) The three species of finches compete for food because their beaks are similar in shape and size.']

alphabetic

high

en

environment

natural-science

Calibri

black

image_right_text_left

Which process allows for the evolution of finches over time?

q110

None

1

['(1) natural selection', '(2) selective breeding', '(3) asexual reproduction', '(4) ecological succession']

numeric

high

en

environment

natural-science

Verdana

black

image_left_text_right

In the diagram below, $\stackrel {\leftrightarrow}{FAD} \| \stackrel {\leftrightarrow}{EHC}$, and $\overline{ABH}$ and $\overline{BC}$ are drawn. (image)[image-158.jpg] If m∠FAB = 48° and m∠ECB = 18°, what is m∠ABC?

q111

None

3

C

['(1) 18°', '(2) 48°', '(3) 66°', '(4) 114°']

alphabetic

high

en

geometry

math

Verdana

black

ordered

In trapezoid ABCD below, $\overline{AB} \| \overline{CD}$. (image)[image-159.jpg] If AE = 5.2, AC = 11.7, and CD = 10.5, what is the length of $\overline{AB}$, to the nearest tenth?

q112

None

3

C

['(1) 4.7', '(2) 6.5', '(3) 8.4', '(4) 13.1']

alphabetic

high

en

geometry

math

Courier New

black

ordered

Kayla was cutting right triangles from wood to use for an art project. Two of the right triangles she cut are shown below. (image)[image-160.jpg] If △ABC ∼ △DEF, with right angles B and E, BC = 15 cm, and AC = 17 cm, what is the measure of ∠F, to the nearest degree?

q113

None

1

['(1) 28°', '(2) 41°', '(3) 62°', '(4) 88°']

numeric

high

en

geometry

math

Times New Roman

black

image_right_text_left

In circle B below, diameter $\overline{RT}$, radius $\overline{BE}$, and chord $\overline{RE}$ are drawn. (image)[image-163.jpg] If m∠TRE = 15° and BE = 9, then the area of sector EBR is

q116

None

3

C

['(1) 3.375π', '(2) 6.75π', '(3) 33.75π', '(4) 37.125π']

alphabetic

high

en

geometry

math

Verdana

black

ordered

In right triangle RST below, altitude $\overline{SV}$ is drawn to hypotenuse $\overline{RT}$ (image)[image-165.jpg] If RV = 4.1 and TV = 10.2, what is the length of $\overline{ST}$, to the nearest tenth?

q118

None

4

D

['(1) 6.5', '(2) 7.7', '(3) 11.0', '(4) 12.1']

alphabetic

high

en

geometry

math

Arial

black

image_left_text_right

Triangle PQR is shown on the set of axes below. (image)[image-168.jpg] Which quadrant will contain point R", the image of point R, after a 90° clockwise rotation centered at (0,0) followed by a reflection over the x-axis?

q121

None

1

['(1) I', '(2) II', '(3) III', '(4) IV']

numeric

high

en

geometry

math

Calibri

black

image_left_text_right

In the diagram below of right triangle ABC, altitude $\overline{BD}$ is drawn. (image)[image-169.jpg] Which ratio is always equivalent to cos A?

q122

None

2

['(1) $\\frac{AB}{BC}$', '(2) $\\frac{BD}{BC}$', '(3) $\\frac{BD}{AB}$', '(4) $\\frac{BC}{AC}$']

numeric

high

en

geometry

math

Calibri

black

image_first

The diagram below represents a large Foucault pendulum that has been in motion over an 8-hour period. The arrow labeled X represents the apparent change in the direction of swing over time. (image)[image-171.png] This apparent change in the direction of swing is evidence that Earth

q124

None

2

B

['(1) is tilted on its axis', '(2) rotates on its axis', '(3) revolves in an elliptical orbit', '(4) has magnetic poles that reverse over time']

alphabetic

high

en

earth

social-science

Calibri

black

image_first

The diagram below represents two columns, A and B, that were used to determine the infiltration rate and water retention of two different particle sizes by pouring equal amounts of water through each column. (image)[image-172.png] (Not drawn to scale) Compared to column A, column B had a

q125

None

2

B

['(1) lower rate of infiltration and retained less water', '(2) lower rate of infiltration and retained more water', '(3) higher rate of infiltration and retained less water', '(4) higher rate of infiltration and retained more water']

alphabetic

high

en

earth

social-science

Verdana

black

text_first

The photograph below shows parallel scratches on the surface of limestone bedrock near Rochester, New York. (image)[image-173.png] These parallel scratches were most likely caused by

q126

None

3

['(1) ocean waves', '(2) running water', '(3) movement of glacial ice', '(4) sandblasting by wind']

numeric

high

en

earth

social-science

Courier New

black