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His parents set aside specific times at breakfast and at dinner for daily family Bible reading. Chores were regularly assigned and rotated among all the children, and misbehavior was met with unequivocal discipline, usually from David. His mother, previously a member (with David) of the River Brethren sect of the Menno...
What church did Eisenhower join in 1953?
{'text': 'Presbyterian', 'answer_start': 863}
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Pfizer, once the city's second largest employer, operated a large pharmaceutical research facility on the northeast side of Ann Arbor. On 22 January 2007, Pfizer announced it would close operations in Ann Arbor by the end of 2008. The facility was previously operated by Warner-Lambert and, before that, Parke-Davis. In ...
What pharmaceutical company was Ann Arbor's largest employer?
{'text': 'Pfizer', 'answer_start': 0}
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On 11 July 2011, Neptune completed its first full barycentric orbit since its discovery in 1846, although it did not appear at its exact discovery position in the sky, because Earth was in a different location in its 365.26-day orbit. Because of the motion of the Sun in relation to the barycentre of the Solar System, o...
Why didn't Neptune appear to be in it's exact discover position?
{'text': 'Earth was in a different location', 'answer_start': 176}
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Today, Lutheranism is one of the largest branches of Protestantism. With approximately 80 million adherents, it constitutes the third most common Protestant confession after historically Pentecostal denominations and Anglicanism. The Lutheran World Federation, the largest global communion of Lutheran churches represent...
What is the largest body of Lutheran churches?
{'text': 'The Lutheran World Federation', 'answer_start': 230}
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By the time of the Uruk period (c. 4100–2900 BC calibrated), the volume of trade goods transported along the canals and rivers of southern Mesopotamia facilitated the rise of many large, stratified, temple-centered cities (with populations of over 10,000 people) where centralized administrations employed specialized wo...
What have been found as far east as central Iran?
{'text': 'Artifacts', 'answer_start': 551}
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The rotating armature consists of one or more coils of wire wound around a laminated, magnetically "soft" ferromagnetic core. Current from the brushes flows through the commutator and one winding of the armature, making it a temporary magnet (an electromagnet). The magnetic field produced by the armature interacts with...
What rotates the motor shaft?
{'text': 'force between the two magnetic fields', 'answer_start': 437}
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While he was imprisoned in the castle of Fardajan near Hamadhan, Avicenna wrote his famous "Floating Man" – literally falling man – thought experiment to demonstrate human self-awareness and the substantiality and immateriality of the soul. Avicenna believed his "Floating Man" thought experiment demonstrated that the s...
Who believe existance required sensory data input?
{'text': 'Avicenna', 'answer_start': 241}
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Although the initial focus of the humanist scholars in the university was the discovery, exposition and insertion of ancient texts and languages into the university, and the ideas of those texts into society generally, their influence was ultimately quite progressive. The emergence of classical texts brought new ideas ...
What spread the use of texts by Vesalius within universities?
{'text': 'the printing press', 'answer_start': 1032}
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In 1758, the taxonomist Linnaeus published in Systema Naturae a categorization of species which included the Canis species. Canis is a Latin word meaning dog, and the list included the dog-like carnivores: the domestic dog, wolves, foxes and jackals. The dog was classified as Canis familiaris, which means "Dog-family" ...
What is the modern single English word for Canis lupus?
{'text': 'wolf', 'answer_start': 372}
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The use of time is an important issue in understanding human behavior, education, and travel behavior. Time-use research is a developing field of study. The question concerns how time is allocated across a number of activities (such as time spent at home, at work, shopping, etc.). Time use changes with technology, as t...
Travelling to work has been observed to be about how long for a large number of cities over a long period?
{'text': '20–30 minutes one-way', 'answer_start': 614}
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In March 1861, Victoria's mother died, with Victoria at her side. Through reading her mother's papers, Victoria discovered that her mother had loved her deeply; she was heart-broken, and blamed Conroy and Lehzen for "wickedly" estranging her from her mother. To relieve his wife during her intense and deep grief, Albert...
During which year did Victoria's mother die?
{'text': '1861', 'answer_start': 9}
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Melbourne (/ˈmɛlbərn/, AU i/ˈmɛlbən/) is the capital and most populous city in the Australian state of Victoria, and the second most populous city in Australia and Oceania. The name "Melbourne" refers to the area of urban agglomeration (as well as a census statistical division) spanning 9,900 km2 (3,800 sq mi) which co...
What is the population of Melbourne?
{'text': '4,347,955 as of 2013', 'answer_start': 667}
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In Indian philosophy, Yoga is among other things, the name of one of the six āstika philosophical schools. The Yoga philosophical system is closely allied with the dualism premises of Samkhya school. The Yoga school accepts the Samkhya psychology and metaphysics, but is considered theistic because it accepts the concep...
What does Yoga mean?
{'text': 'personal god', 'answer_start': 326}
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From 2001 to 2008, Mac sales increased continuously on an annual basis. Apple reported worldwide sales of 3.36 million Macs during the 2009 holiday season. As of Mid-2011, the Macintosh continues to enjoy rapid market share increase in the US, growing from 7.3% of all computer shipments in 2010 to 9.3% in 2011. Accordi...
What was Apples market share of all computer shipments in 2000?
{'text': '7.3%', 'answer_start': 257}
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In the first three seasons, the semi-finalists were split into different groups to perform individually in their respective night. In season one, there were three groups of ten, with the top three contestants from each group making the finals. In seasons two and three, there were four groups of eight, and the top two o...
How many finalists were there on the first season of American Idol?
{'text': 'ten', 'answer_start': 173}
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The major time divisions of classical music up to 1900 are the early music period, which includes Medieval (500–1400) and Renaissance (1400–1600) eras, and the Common practice period, which includes the Baroque (1600–1750), Classical (1750–1830) and Romantic (1804–1910) eras. Since 1900, classical periods have been rec...
What period was from 500-1400?
{'text': 'Medieval', 'answer_start': 98}
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Mill's empiricism thus held that knowledge of any kind is not from direct experience but an inductive inference from direct experience. The problems other philosophers have had with Mill's position center around the following issues: Firstly, Mill's formulation encounters difficulty when it describes what direct experi...
What did Mill say knowledge comes from?
{'text': 'an inductive inference from direct experience', 'answer_start': 89}
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The Romans had a greater appreciation for the color green; it was the color of Venus, the goddess of gardens, vegetables and vineyards.The Romans made a fine green earth pigment, which was widely used in the wall paintings of Pompeii, Herculaneum, Lyon, Vaison-la-Romaine, and other Roman cities. They also used the pigm...
How many words does Latin have for painting?
{'text': 'ten', 'answer_start': 487}
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Many medieval philosophers developed arguments for the existence of God, while attempting to comprehend the precise implications of God's attributes. Reconciling some of those attributes generated important philosophical problems and debates. For example, God's omniscience may seem to imply that God knows how free agen...
What were philosophical debates about among free agents?
{'text': "God's omniscience", 'answer_start': 256}
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Manufacturers of devices may have their own proprietary numbering system, for example CK722. Since devices are second-sourced, a manufacturer's prefix (like "MPF" in MPF102, which originally would denote a Motorola FET) now is an unreliable indicator of who made the device. Some proprietary naming schemes adopt parts o...
What manufacturer creates the most devices?
{'text': 'Motorola', 'answer_start': 206}
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Korea was ruled by Japan from 1910 until the closing days of World War II. In August 1945, the Soviet Union declared war on Japan and—by agreement with the United States—occupied Korea north of the 38th parallel. U.S. forces subsequently occupied the south and Japan surrendered. By 1948, two separate governments had be...
What nation ruled Korea in 1910?
{'text': 'Japan', 'answer_start': 261}
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The Faraday constant F is the charge of one mole of electrons, equal to the Avogadro constant NA multiplied by the elementary charge e. It can be determined by careful electrolysis experiments, measuring the amount of silver dissolved from an electrode in a given time and for a given electric current. In practice, it i...
How is the Faraday constant determined?
{'text': 'by careful electrolysis experiments, measuring the amount of silver dissolved from an electrode in a given time and for a given electric current.', 'answer_start': 157}
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Some evidence shows that alternatives to pesticides can be equally effective as the use of chemicals. For example, Sweden has halved its use of pesticides with hardly any reduction in crops.[unreliable source?] In Indonesia, farmers have reduced pesticide use on rice fields by 65% and experienced a 15% crop increase.[u...
What kind of crops were studied in Sweden?
{'text': 'Maize fields', 'answer_start': 350}
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Ozawa's "Northern Force" had four aircraft carriers, two obsolete battleships partly converted to carriers, three cruisers and nine destroyers. The carriers had only 108 planes. The force was not spotted by the Allies until 16:40 on 24 October. At 20:00 Toyoda ordered all remaining Japanese forces to attack. Halsey saw...
How many destroyers were in the U.S. Third Fleet?
{'text': '63', 'answer_start': 502}
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Some of the earliest recorded observations ever made through a telescope, Galileo's drawings on 28 December 1612 and 27 January 1613, contain plotted points that match up with what is now known to be the position of Neptune. On both occasions, Galileo seems to have mistaken Neptune for a fixed star when it appeared clo...
Who proved that the the star Galileo observed was fixed?
{'text': 'David Jamieson', 'answer_start': 845}
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As a more urban culture developed, academies provided a means of transmission for speculative and philosophical literature in early civilizations, resulting in the prevalence of literature in Ancient China, Ancient India, Persia and Ancient Greece and Rome. Many works of earlier periods, even in narrative form, had a c...
Who collected songs as poems from West Asia?
{'text': 'Chinese aristocracy', 'answer_start': 710}
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In Alberta, five bitumen upgraders produce synthetic crude oil and a variety of other products: The Suncor Energy upgrader near Fort McMurray, Alberta produces synthetic crude oil plus diesel fuel; the Syncrude Canada, Canadian Natural Resources, and Nexen upgraders near Fort McMurray produce synthetic crude oil; and t...
How much of the production of the Redwater plant will into diesel fuel?
{'text': 'half', 'answer_start': 538}
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Wolves, and their dog descendants, would have derived significant benefits from living in human camps—more safety, more reliable food, lesser caloric needs, and more chance to breed. They would have benefited from humans' upright gait that gives them larger range over which to see potential predators and prey, as well ...
What would wolves have gotten from living with humans?
{'text': 'significant benefits', 'answer_start': 54}
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On matchdays, in a tradition going back to 1962, players walk out to the theme tune to Z-Cars, named "Johnny Todd", a traditional Liverpool children's song collected in 1890 by Frank Kidson which tells the story of a sailor betrayed by his lover while away at sea, although on two separate occasions in the 1994, they ra...
What song did the Everton club replace its player walkout theme with in August 1994?
{'text': 'Get Ready For This', 'answer_start': 398}
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According to tradition, the Umayyad family (also known as the Banu Abd-Shams) and Muhammad both descended from a common ancestor, Abd Manaf ibn Qusai, and they originally came from the city of Mecca. Muhammad descended from Abd Manāf via his son Hashim, while the Umayyads descended from Abd Manaf via a different son, A...
Which historians agree with the Muslim Shia historians?
{'text': 'Sunni', 'answer_start': 691}
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LEDs have also been used as a medium-quality voltage reference in electronic circuits. The forward voltage drop (e.g. about 1.7 V for a normal red LED) can be used instead of a Zener diode in low-voltage regulators. Red LEDs have the flattest I/V curve above the knee. Nitride-based LEDs have a fairly steep I/V curve an...
LED forward voltage is more current-dependent than what diode?
{'text': 'Zener', 'answer_start': 418}
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Layer III audio can also use a "bit reservoir", a partially full frame's ability to hold part of the next frame's audio data, allowing temporary changes in effective bitrate, even in a constant bitrate stream. Internal handling of the bit reservoir increases encoding delay.[citation needed]
A bit reservoir allows for what kind of changes in effective bit rate?
{'text': 'temporary', 'answer_start': 135}
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The Polish nobility enjoyed many rights that were not available to the noble classes of other countries and, typically, each new monarch conceded them further privileges. Those privileges became the basis of the Golden Liberty in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Despite having a king, Poland was called the nobility'...
The selection of nobility oh the polish kingdom was selected my whom?
{'text': "dynasty's female-line descendants.", 'answer_start': 739}
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San Diego hosts several major producers of wireless cellular technology. Qualcomm was founded and is headquartered in San Diego, and is one of the largest private-sector employers in San Diego. Other wireless industry manufacturers headquartered here include Nokia, LG Electronics, Kyocera International., Cricket Commun...
What sector does SEET fall under?
{'text': 'security', 'answer_start': 495}
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Voiceless consonants are produced with the vocal folds open (spread) and not vibrating, and voiced consonants are produced when the vocal folds are fractionally closed and vibrating (modal voice). Voiceless aspiration occurs when the vocal cords remain open after a consonant is released. An easy way to measure this is ...
How would you measure voiced aspiration?
{'text': "by noting the consonant's voice-onset time", 'answer_start': 320}
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Genocide has become an official term used in international relations. The word genocide was not in use before 1944. Before this, in 1941, Winston Churchill described the mass killing of Russian prisoners of war and civilians as "a crime without a name". In that year, a Polish-Jewish lawyer named Raphael Lemkin, describ...
When was the phrase "prisoners of war" first used?
{'text': 'Genocide', 'answer_start': 0}
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An increased number of suspected outbreaks of gastroenteritis linked to bathing water were reported to the Finnish food- and waterborne outbreak (FWO) registry in July and August 2014. The investigation reports were assessed by a national outbreak investigation panel. Eight confirmed outbreaks were identified among...
What is the location of the event?
{'answer_id': 273711, 'document_id': 445540, 'question_id': 138413, 'text': 'Finland', 'answer_start': 7453, 'answer_category': 'SHORT'}
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Broadband wireless services were offered by both dial up and non-dial up ISPs in major cities, such as Mogadishu, Bosaso, Hargeisa, Galkayo and Kismayo. Pricing ranged from $150 to $300 a month for unlimited internet access, with bandwidth rates of 64 kbit/s up and down. The main patrons of these wireless services were...
What was the price for limited internet access?
{'text': '$150 to $300', 'answer_start': 173}
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The islands were first sighted in 1506 by Portuguese explorer Tristão da Cunha; rough seas prevented a landing. He named the main island after himself, Ilha de Tristão da Cunha, which was anglicised from its earliest mention on British Admiralty charts to Tristan da Cunha Island. Some sources state that the Portuguese ...
When do some sources say the British made the first landing?
{'text': '1520', 'answer_start': 346}
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Balansiyya had a rebirth of sorts with the beginning of the Taifa of Valencia kingdom in the 11th century. The town grew, and during the reign of Abd al-Aziz a new city wall was built, remains of which are preserved throughout the Old City (Ciutat Vella) today. The Castilian nobleman Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar, known as El ...
Who was the ruler when the new city wall was constructed?
{'text': 'Abd al-Aziz', 'answer_start': 146}
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Congress may establish "legislative courts," which do not take the form of judicial agencies or commissions, whose members do not have the same security of tenure or compensation as the constitutional court judges. Legislative courts may not exercise the judicial power of the United States. In Murray's Lessee v. Hoboke...
What kind of courts did congress establish?
{'text': 'legislative courts', 'answer_start': 24}
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The status of "language" is not solely determined by linguistic criteria, but it is also the result of a historical and political development. Romansh came to be a written language, and therefore it is recognized as a language, even though it is very close to the Lombardic alpine dialects. An opposite example is the ca...
What is the status of language solely determined by?
{'text': 'linguistic criteria', 'answer_start': 53}
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The first Code of Canon Law, 1917, was mostly for the Roman Rite, with limited application to the Eastern Churches. After the Second Vatican Council, (1962 - 1965), another edition was published specifically for the Roman Rite in 1983. Most recently, 1990, the Vatican produced the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches...
What was published prior to 1917?
{'text': 'first Code of Canon Law', 'answer_start': 4}
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The Third Great Awakening refers to a hypothetical historical period that was marked by religious activism in American history and spans the late 1850s to the early 20th century. It affected pietistic Protestant denominations and had a strong element of social activism. It gathered strength from the postmillennial beli...
When was the Third Great Awakening?
{'text': 'the late 1850s to the early 20th century', 'answer_start': 137}
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The bibliographer Ronald B. McKerrow introduced the term copy-text in his 1904 edition of the works of Thomas Nashe, defining it as "the text used in each particular case as the basis of mine." McKerrow was aware of the limitations of the stemmatic method, and believed it was more prudent to choose one particular text ...
What was the initial definition of copy-text?
{'text': 'the text used in each particular case as the basis of mine', 'answer_start': 133}
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The first polytechnic in Hong Kong is The Hong Kong Polytechnic, established in 1972 through upgrading the Hong Kong Technical College (Government Trade School before 1947). The second polytechnic, the City Polytechnic of Hong Kong, was founded in 1984. These polytechnics awards diplomas, higher diplomas, as well as ac...
In what year was the City Polytechnic of Hong Kong founded?
{'text': '1984', 'answer_start': 248}
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Chicago Mayor Richard M. Daley proclaimed August 10, 2005 to be "House Unity Day" in Chicago, in celebration of the "21st anniversary of house music" (actually the 21st anniversary of the founding of Trax Records, an independent Chicago-based house label). The proclamation recognized Chicago as the original home of hou...
What event was organized by Chicago's Department of Cultural Affairs to celebrate Oliver music?
{'text': 'Summer Dance Series', 'answer_start': 631}
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Brigham Young University (often referred to as BYU or, colloquially, The Y) is a private research university located in Provo, Utah, United States. It is owned and operated by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), and, excluding online students, is the largest of any religious university and the...
Who owns and operates Brigham University?
{'text': 'The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints', 'answer_start': 176}
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Of the Christian minority in Egypt over 90% belong to the native Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria, an Oriental Orthodox Christian Church. Other native Egyptian Christians are adherents of the Coptic Catholic Church, the Evangelical Church of Egypt and various other Protestant denominations. Non-native Christian com...
Where are other Non-native Christian communities found?
{'text': 'urban regions of Cairo and Alexandria', 'answer_start': 354}
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Unarmed fox hunting on horseback with hounds is the type of hunting most closely associated with the United Kingdom; in fact, "hunting" without qualification implies fox hunting. What in other countries is called "hunting" is called "shooting" (birds) or "stalking" (deer) in Britain. Originally a form of vermin control...
How do the English hunt foxes?
{'text': 'on horseback with hounds', 'answer_start': 20}
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Dvaitādvaita was proposed by Nimbarka, a 13th-century Vaishnava Philosopher from the Andhra region. According to this philosophy there are three categories of existence: Brahman, soul, and matter. Soul and matter are different from Brahman in that they have attributes and capacities different from Brahman. Brahman exis...
Who is named as the highest entity worshiped in Dvaitadvaita?
{'text': 'Krishna', 'answer_start': 574}
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Friedrich Nietzsche argued that Kant commits an agnostic tautology and does not offer a satisfactory answer as to the source of a philosophical right to such-or-other metaphysical claims; he ridicules his pride in tackling "the most difficult thing that could ever be undertaken on behalf of metaphysics." The famous "th...
Along with Schopenhauer, whose idealism did Nietzsche attack?
{'text': 'Descartes', 'answer_start': 691}
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Short-term memory is supported by transient patterns of neuronal communication, dependent on regions of the frontal lobe (especially dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) and the parietal lobe. Long-term memory, on the other hand, is maintained by more stable and permanent changes in neural connections widely spread througho...
What two brain lobe regions does long-term memory depend on?
{'text': 'frontal lobe (especially dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) and the parietal lobe', 'answer_start': 108}
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Florida is among the three states with the most severe felony disenfranchisement laws. Florida requires felons to have completed sentencing, parole and/or probation, and then seven years later, to apply individually for restoration of voting privileges. As in other aspects of the criminal justice system, this law has d...
How does it effect elections
{'text': 'one in ten Floridians – and nearly one in four African-American Floridians – are shut out of the polls because of felony convictions', 'answer_start': 506}
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During the 1950s the rivalry was exacerbated further when there was a controversy surrounding the transfer of Alfredo di Stéfano, who finally played for Real Madrid and was key to their subsequent success. The 1960s saw the rivalry reach the European stage when they met twice in a controversial knock-out round of the E...
What was a match between Real Madrid and Barcelona called in 2002?
{'text': 'Match of The Century', 'answer_start': 462}
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Contemporary a cappella includes many vocal groups and bands who add vocal percussion or beatboxing to create a pop/rock/gospel sound, in some cases very similar to bands with instruments. Examples of such professional groups include Straight No Chaser, Pentatonix, The House Jacks, Rockapella, Mosaic, and M-pact. There...
In Christian music who uses beatboxing during worship?
{'text': 'some denominations', 'answer_start': 390}
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The third generation began including a 30-pin dock connector, allowing for FireWire or USB connectivity. This provided better compatibility with non-Apple machines, as most of them did not have FireWire ports at the time. Eventually Apple began shipping iPods with USB cables instead of FireWire, although the latter was...
Which generation of iPod Classic was the first to abandon use of FireWire in transferring files?
{'text': 'fifth', 'answer_start': 388}
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Individual states and localities offer nonprofits exemptions from other taxes such as sales tax or property tax. Federal tax-exempt status does not guarantee exemption from state and local taxes, and vice versa. These exemptions generally have separate applications and their requirements may differ from the IRS require...
What form must an NPO make available to the public?
{'text': '990 forms', 'answer_start': 495}
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The term samurai originally meant "those who serve in close attendance to nobility", and was written with a Chinese character (or kanji) that had the same meaning. In Japanese, it was originally recorded in the Nara Period as a verb *samorapu ("to watch, to keep watch, to observe, to be on the lookout for something; to...
What did 'samurai' mean at first?
{'text': 'those who serve in close attendance to nobility', 'answer_start': 35}
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Quite a few words from the variety of Old Chinese spoken in the state of Wu (where the ancestral language of Min and Wu dialect families originated and which was likely influenced by the Chinese spoken in the state of Chu which itself was not founded by Chinese speakers),[citation needed] and later words from Middle Ch...
Where did the language of Min and Wu dialects originate?
{'text': 'in the state of Wu', 'answer_start': 57}
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Both private individuals and large production companies have used YouTube to grow audiences. Independent content creators have built grassroots followings numbering in the thousands at very little cost or effort, while mass retail and radio promotion proved problematic. Concurrently, old media celebrities moved into th...
Big pop artists account for how what percentage of the views on youtube?
{'text': '90.3%', 'answer_start': 1182}
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The Feinberg School of Medicine (previously the Northwestern University Medical School) has produced a number of notable graduates, including Mary Harris Thompson, Class of 1870, ad eundem, first female surgeon in Chicago, first female surgeon at Cook County Hospital, and founder of the Mary Thomson Hospital, Roswell P...
Which graduate of The Feinburg School of Medicine co-founded the Mayo Clinic?
{'text': 'Charles Horace Mayo', 'answer_start': 593}
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GM cotton acreage in India grew at a rapid rate, increasing from 50,000 hectares in 2002 to 10.6 million hectares in 2011. The total cotton area in India was 12.1 million hectares in 2011, so GM cotton was grown on 88% of the cotton area. This made India the country with the largest area of GM cotton in the world. A lo...
At what rank does US non-trangenic cotton stand in the world?
{'text': 'second largest', 'answer_start': 579}
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The conceptual view provides a level of indirection between internal and external. On one hand it provides a common view of the database, independent of different external view structures, and on the other hand it abstracts away details of how the data are stored or managed (internal level). In principle every level, a...
What type of view does the conceptual view offer?
{'text': 'common', 'answer_start': 109}
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While highly effective, the requirement for injection limited the use of norepinephrine[clarification needed] and orally active derivatives were sought. A structurally similar compound, ephedrine, was identified by Japanese chemists in the Ma Huang plant and marketed by Eli Lilly as an oral treatment for asthma. Follow...
What were some uses for Amphetamine?
{'text': 'narcolepsy, post-encepheletic parkinsonism, and mood elevation in depression and other psychiatric indications', 'answer_start': 775}
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The Republic of the United Provinces lasted until a series of republican revolutions in 1783–1795 created the Batavian Republic. During this period, republican forces took several major cities of the Netherlands. After initially fleeing, the monarchist forces came back with British, Austrian, and Prussian troops and re...
What Republic replaced the Napoleonic Kingdom of Holland?
{'text': 'Batavian Republic', 'answer_start': 527}
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The historical study of Cubism began in the late 1920s, drawing at first from sources of limited data, namely the opinions of Guillaume Apollinaire. It came to rely heavily on Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler's book Der Weg zum Kubismus (published in 1920), which centered on the developments of Picasso, Braque, Léger, and Gris....
When did the historical study of Cubism end?
{'text': '1920s', 'answer_start': 49}
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The term "Immersive app" had been used internally by Microsoft developers to refer to the apps prior to the first official presentation of Windows 8, after which they were referred to as "Metro-style apps" in reference to the Metro design language. The term was phased out in August 2012; a Microsoft spokesperson denied...
Who is Soma Somasegar?
{'text': "vice president of Microsoft's development software division", 'answer_start': 734}
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Simultaneous with Israel's February raid, the Baghdad Pact was formed between some regional allies of the UK. Nasser considered the Baghdad Pact a threat to his efforts to eliminate British military influence in the Middle East, and a mechanism to undermine the Arab League and "perpetuate [Arab] subservience to Zionism...
What did Nasser feel his military needed to oppose the West?
{'text': 'modern weaponry', 'answer_start': 446}
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Hunting-gathering was the common human mode of subsistence throughout the Paleolithic, but the observation of current-day hunters and gatherers does not necessarily reflect Paleolithic societies; the hunter-gatherer cultures examined today have had much contact with modern civilization and do not represent "pristine" c...
Hunter-gatherer cultures today represent what?
{'text': '"pristine" conditions found in uncontacted peoples', 'answer_start': 308}
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It also used to be commonplace to have a team play an exhibition against Minor League affiliates during the regular season, but worries of injuries to players, along with travel issues, have made this very rare. Exhibitions between inter-city teams in different leagues, like Chicago's Crosstown Classic and New York's S...
What kind of play is now for bragging rights only
{'text': 'interleague play', 'answer_start': 420}
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Avicenna's legacy in classical psychology is primarily embodied in the Kitab al-nafs parts of his Kitab al-shifa (The Book of Healing) and Kitab al-najat (The Book of Deliverance). These were known in Latin under the title De Anima (treatises "on the soul").[dubious – discuss] Notably, Avicenna develops what is called ...
What subject is never seen throughout Avicenna's Book of Healing?
{'text': 'classical psychology', 'answer_start': 21}
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Because rebroadcast transmitters were not planned to be converted to digital, many markets stood to lose over-the-air coverage from CBC or Radio-Canada, or both. As a result, only seven of the markets subject to the August 31, 2011 transition deadline were planned to have both CBC and Radio-Canada in digital, and 13 ot...
The CRTC realized that it needed to break up the CBC's monopoly after it extended the deadline in order to prevent what?
{'text': 'many markets subject to the transition deadline from losing signals for CBC or Radio-Canada', 'answer_start': 614}
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The FBI has been frequently depicted in popular media since the 1930s. The bureau has participated to varying degrees, which has ranged from direct involvement in the creative process of film or TV series development, to providing consultation on operations and closed cases. A few of the notable portrayals of the FBI o...
When did the FBI first appear in popular media?
{'text': '1930s', 'answer_start': 64}
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Jehovah's Witnesses are perhaps best known for their efforts to spread their beliefs, most notably by visiting people from house to house, distributing literature published by the Watch Tower Society in 700 languages. The objective is to start a regular "Bible study" with any person who is not already a member, with th...
How many doors does the average Jehovah's Witnesses knock on each month?
{'text': '700', 'answer_start': 203}
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The ability of birds to return to precise locations across vast distances has been known for some time; in an experiment conducted in the 1950s a Manx shearwater released in Boston returned to its colony in Skomer, Wales, within 13 days, a distance of 5,150 km (3,200 mi). Birds navigate during migration using a variety...
In which type of migration do birds use the sun to navigate by day and a stellar compass at night?
{'text': 'diurnal migrants', 'answer_start': 337}
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The South Saharan steppe and woodlands ecoregion is a narrow band running east and west between the hyper-arid Sahara and the Sahel savannas to the south. Movements of the equatorial Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) bring summer rains during July and August which average 100 to 200 mm (3.9 to 7.9 in) but vary grea...
How much land does the Sahara cover?
{'text': '1,101,700 km2', 'answer_start': 486}
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In international law and international relations, a protocol is generally a treaty or international agreement that supplements a previous treaty or international agreement. A protocol can amend the previous treaty, or add additional provisions. Parties to the earlier agreement are not required to adopt the protocol. So...
What is a treaty that supplements a previous treaty in international law?
{'text': 'a protocol', 'answer_start': 50}
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In England, the Royal Society of London also played a significant role in the public sphere and the spread of Enlightenment ideas. It was founded by a group of independent scientists and given a royal charter in 1662. The Society played a large role in spreading Robert Boyle's experimental philosophy around Europe, and...
Whose method based knowledge on experiementation, which had to be witnessed?
{'text': 'Robert Boyle', 'answer_start': 263}
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Charleston has one official sister city, Spoleto, Umbria, Italy. The relationship between the two cities began when Pulitzer Prize-winning Italian composer Gian Carlo Menotti selected Charleston as the city to host the American version of Spoleto's annual Festival of Two Worlds. "Looking for a city that would provide t...
What is the name of Charleston's sister city?
{'text': 'Spoleto', 'answer_start': 41}
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The Human Development Report for 2007/2008 was launched in Brasília, Brazil, on November 27, 2007. Its focus was on "Fighting climate change: Human solidarity in a divided world." Most of the data used for the report are derived largely from 2005 or earlier, thus indicating an HDI for 2005. Not all UN member states cho...
Where was the 2007/2008 Human Development Report launched?
{'text': 'Brasília, Brazil', 'answer_start': 59}
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Mechanically scanned, 30-line television broadcasts by John Logie Baird began in 1929, using the BBC transmitter in London, and by 1930 a regular schedule of programmes was transmitted from the BBC antenna in Brookmans Park. Television production was switched from Baird's company to what is now known as BBC One on 2 Au...
What year did 30-line television broadcasts by Logie John Baird begin?
{'text': '1929', 'answer_start': 81}
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Beginning with Immanuel Kant, German idealists such as G. W. F. Hegel, Johann Gottlieb Fichte, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling, and Arthur Schopenhauer dominated 19th-century philosophy. This tradition, which emphasized the mental or "ideal" character of all phenomena, gave birth to idealistic and subjectivist schoo...
Whose philosophy did Immanuel Kant write against?
{'text': 'idealists', 'answer_start': 37}
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The Sangoma is a traditional diviner chosen by the ancestors of that particular family. The training of the Sangoma is called "kwetfwasa". At the end of the training, a graduation ceremony takes place where all the local sangoma come together for feasting and dancing. The diviner is consulted for various reasons, such ...
What is a Sangoma in Swaziland?
{'text': 'a traditional diviner', 'answer_start': 15}
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The power of parliament to pass bills was often thwarted by monarchs. Charles I dissolved parliament in 1629, after it passed motions critical of and bills seeking to restrict his arbitrary exercise of power. During the eleven years of personal rule that followed, Charles performed legally dubious actions, such as rais...
Charles I performed legally legitimate what?
{'text': 'actions', 'answer_start': 299}
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Glaciers are present on every continent and approximately fifty countries, excluding those (Australia, South Africa) that have glaciers only on distant subantarctic island territories. Extensive glaciers are found in Antarctica, Chile, Canada, Alaska, Greenland and Iceland. Mountain glaciers are widespread, especially ...
What are found on every coninant including Australia?
{'text': 'Glaciers', 'answer_start': 0}
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Universal Primary Education is one of the eight international Millennium Development Goals, towards which progress has been made in the past decade, though barriers still remain. Securing charitable funding from prospective donors is one particularly persistent problem. Researchers at the Overseas Development Institute...
What is one issue that hurts Universal Primary Education?
{'text': 'charitable funding', 'answer_start': 188}
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The Scooter is another storm, a white cloud group farther south than the Great Dark Spot. This nickname first arose during the months leading up to the Voyager 2 encounter in 1989, when they were observed moving at speeds faster than the Great Dark Spot (and images acquired later would subsequently reveal the presence ...
What type of storm is The Scooter on Neptune?
{'text': 'southern cyclonic storm', 'answer_start': 433}
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The school's sports teams, wearing crimson and royal blue, are called the Kansas Jayhawks. They participate in the NCAA's Division I and in the Big 12 Conference. KU has won thirteen National Championships: five in men's basketball (two Helms Foundation championships and three NCAA championships), three in men's indoor...
How many times has the male baseball team from Kansas won a national title?
{'text': 'five', 'answer_start': 207}
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He attained a perfect score on the graduate school entrance exams to Princeton University in mathematics and physics—an unprecedented feat—but did rather poorly on the history and English portions. Attendees at Feynman's first seminar included Albert Einstein, Wolfgang Pauli, and John von Neumann. He received a PhD fro...
When did Feynman lose his PhD?
{'text': '1942', 'answer_start': 335}
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The Arabic term ijāzat al-tadrīs was awarded to Islamic scholars who were qualified to teach. According to Makdisi, the Latin title licentia docendi 'licence to teach' in the European university may have been a translation of the Arabic, but the underlying concept was very different. A significant difference between th...
What type of license is very different from the ijazat al-tadris?
{'text': 'licentia docendi', 'answer_start': 132}
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The Ministry of Defence (MoD) is the British government department responsible for implementing the defence policy set by Her Majesty's Government, and is the headquarters of the British Armed Forces.
What does the British Armed Forces implement?
{'text': 'the defence policy', 'answer_start': 96}
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In 1888, the Italian administration launched its first development projects in the new colony. The Eritrean Railway was completed to Saati in 1888, and reached Asmara in the highlands in 1911. The Asmara–Massawa Cableway was the longest line in the world during its time, but was later dismantled by the British in World...
In what year was the Asmara-Massawa Cableway completed?
{'text': '1888', 'answer_start': 142}
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On April 8, 2005, a partnership led by Comcast and Sony Pictures Entertainment finalized a deal to acquire MGM and its affiliate studio, United Artists, and create an additional outlet to carry MGM/UA's material for cable and Internet distribution. On October 31, 2005, Comcast officially announced that it had acquired ...
What Pennsylvania cable provider did Comcast buy controlling interest in during 2005?
{'text': 'Susquehanna Communications', 'answer_start': 320}
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The Taira and the Minamoto clashed again in 1180, beginning the Gempei War, which ended in 1185. Samurai fought at the naval battle of Dan-no-ura, at the Shimonoseki Strait which separates Honshu and Kyushu in 1185. The victorious Minamoto no Yoritomo established the superiority of the samurai over the aristocracy. In ...
Which clans fought in the Gempei War?
{'text': 'The Taira and the Minamoto', 'answer_start': 0}
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Irir Samaale, the oldest common ancestor of several Somali clans, is generally regarded as the source of the ethnonym Somali. The name "Somali" is, in turn, held to be derived from the words soo and maal, which together mean "go and milk" — a reference to the ubiquitous pastoralism of the Somali people. Another plausib...
What resource traditionally comprised Somali wealth?
{'text': 'livestock', 'answer_start': 453}
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In the extreme empiricism of the neopositivists—at least before the 1930s—any genuinely synthetic assertion must be reducible to an ultimate assertion (or set of ultimate assertions) that expresses direct observations or perceptions. In later years, Carnap and Neurath abandoned this sort of phenomenalism in favor of a ...
What position did Hilary Putnam favour?
{'text': 'logical positivism', 'answer_start': 661}
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Around the end of the 19th century and into the 20th century, the Meiji era was marked by the reign of the Meiji Emperor. During this time, Japan started its modernization and rose to world power status. This era name means "Enlightened Rule". In Japan, the Meiji Restoration started in the 1860s, marking the rapid mode...
How did Japan rise to be a world power during the Meja era?
{'text': 'modernization', 'answer_start': 158}
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Since the 19th century, many if not all presidents were assisted by a central figure or "gatekeeper", sometimes described as the President's Private Secretary, sometimes with no official title at all. Eisenhower formalized this role, introducing the office of White House Chief of Staff – an idea he borrowed from the Un...
From where did Eisenhower get the idea of a White House Chief of Staff?
{'text': 'United States Army', 'answer_start': 318}
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On 14 July, Iraqi army officers Abdel Karim Qasim and Abdel Salam Aref overthrew the Iraqi monarchy and, the next day, Iraqi prime minister and Nasser's chief Arab antagonist, Nuri al-Said, was killed. Nasser recognized the new government and stated that "any attack on Iraq was tantamount to an attack on the UAR". On 1...
What anti-Nasser Iraqi was assassinated?
{'text': 'Nuri al-Said', 'answer_start': 176}