#!/usr/bin/env python3 """Convert modded-nanogpt's validation loss into paper-ready, tokenizer-agnostic metrics: perplexity and bits-per-byte (bpb). Perplexity depends on the tokenizer, so it is NOT comparable across models with different vocabularies. Bits-per-byte normalises by raw UTF-8 bytes and IS comparable (this is what to report against Bielik / Llama-based models). bpb = val_loss[nats/token] / ln(2) * (tokens / bytes) Usage: python3 src/eval_bpb.py --val-loss 3.21 # val loss from the training log """ import argparse, struct import numpy as np from tokenizers import Tokenizer VAL = "/home/ubuntu/dynaword/shards/polish_val_000000.bin" TOK = "/home/ubuntu/dynaword/polish_bpe_32k.json" def load_shard(path): with open(path, "rb") as f: header = np.frombuffer(f.read(256 * 4), dtype=np.int32) assert header[0] == 20240520 and header[1] == 1, "bad shard header" ntok = int(header[2]) toks = np.frombuffer(f.read(ntok * 2), dtype=np.uint16) return toks def main(): ap = argparse.ArgumentParser() ap.add_argument("--val-loss", type=float, required=True, help="nats/token from training log") ap.add_argument("--vocab", type=int, default=32768) args = ap.parse_args() toks = load_shard(VAL) tok = Tokenizer.from_file(TOK) # decode in chunks -> UTF-8 bytes (held-out reconstructs to the original text) nbytes = 0 step = 1_000_000 for i in range(0, len(toks), step): nbytes += len(tok.decode(toks[i:i+step].tolist()).encode("utf-8")) ntok = len(toks) ln2 = np.log(2) ppl = float(np.exp(args.val_loss)) bpb = args.val_loss / ln2 * (ntok / nbytes) bpt = nbytes / ntok rand_bpb = np.log(args.vocab) / ln2 * (ntok / nbytes) # uniform baseline print(f"held-out val: {ntok:,} tokens | {nbytes:,} bytes | {bpt:.3f} bytes/token") print(f"val loss : {args.val_loss:.4f} nats/token") print(f"perplexity : {ppl:.2f} (tokenizer-specific; NOT cross-model comparable)") print(f"bits-per-byte: {bpb:.4f} (tokenizer-AGNOSTIC; report this)") print(f" (uniform-{args.vocab} baseline bpb = {rand_bpb:.3f})") if __name__ == "__main__": main()