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<|im_start|>user ELI5: How does Turing machine capture the essence of computing?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Let's say someone wants to make a peanut butter sandwich, but has never done it before. Could you give this person a list of steps to follow that always makes a peanut butter sandwich? Yes! It would start ...
<|im_start|>user More perspectives wanted: Choosing postdocs and balancing a dual-career/two body problem **Background:** I am a new ST**E**M Ph.D. who is in a relationship with another new **S**TEM Ph.D., Partner (they/them/their pronouns). I defended this semester; Partner defended last. I am a mildly successful scie...
<|im_start|>user PhD student - Asked to write a letter in support of tenure; mixed feelings about professor I am an advanced PhD student in a STEM field at a prestigious R1 university. I was asked to write a letter in support of tenure for Professor S. I've been around enough labs to know what is normal and not-normal ...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: Why do people with much different accents than mine seem more charming? For example, I'm an American, and all the videos I see of Australians and British people, they just seem so damn charismatic. Why?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Social status and media influence. Ever wonder how nobody th...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: How do you drive a stick-shift?? keep in mind i'm only 5 years old<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Your car has a gas pedal, a brake pedal, and a clutch pedal. The brake stops the car, the gas speeds up the car, and the clutch allows you to level up your gas pedal. Think of Mario Kart. Princes...
<|im_start|>user What does it take to become faculty at a place like MIT? Is it papers? Is it education? Adviser ? Demonstrated success ? Potential ? All-around-good scientist? Best-in-the field? All of the above? In short, what does it take to become selected as assistant professor (since associate and full professor...
<|im_start|>user Any way to logically explain how Werewolves can undergo nearly spontaneous metamorphosis? Werewolves of the Underworld variety or similar. This always bothers me when dealing with Werewolves in fiction. The gain/loss in mass doesn't make sense. Rapid changing of bones, teeth and fur could maybe be poss...
<|im_start|>user Are there tasks that can be done more efficiently by government than by private enterprise? There is an idea in contemporary culture that businesses are simply better at most tasks than government because they are motivated by profit and literally can't afford to lose money. Are there nay tasks, though...
<|im_start|>user Eli5: why does a person in remission end up getting the cancer back but at a more aggressive rate?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant If a person in remission develops growth of their tumor, it will be made up of cells that survived their immune response as well as the treatment they received for the canc...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: How do birth control pills prevent pregnancy? How does it prevent pregnancy even if a couple does unprotected sex? (I’m aware it’s not 100% effective but still)<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant The menstrual cycle is controlled by hormones which make sure that a single egg is released and all the ...
<|im_start|>user ELI5:Butler's Gender Performativity I am trying to fully understand Judith Butler's theory of gender performativity and I would like some help.<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant The basic (and simplified) idea is that gender--what we think of as masculine and/or feminine--is performed in the ways we act,...
<|im_start|>user ELI5:How does the middle income trap work? My understanding is that the middle income trap describes countries that have risen from extreme poverty, but not into first world status. Malaysia is often cited as a textbook example. What is the prevailing though of why this happens.<|im_end|> <|im_start|...
<|im_start|>user Can one deny the existence or importance of metaphysics while remaining intellectually coherent? Hey all I sometimes find that there is a dismissive attitude towards metaphysics by some people. They claim either that the term refers to nothing meaningful, or that the field itself is incoherent or of n...
<|im_start|>user What are the philosophical solutions to "ship of Theseus" problem of identity? Is there evidence that replacement doesn't affect or change identity? Ship of Theseus is a thought experiment in which every piece of a ship kept in a harbor is replaced one at a time. The questions are: would the end result...
<|im_start|>user [Action films general] If the protagonist actually throws a knife at someone, isn't there inherently only like a 20% change that the blade/tip is going to impact first? Getting hit in the chest with a knife handle would hurt, but it's not going to put someone out of commission<|im_end|> <|im_start|>ass...
<|im_start|>user How long does it take an electron to orbit a nucleus?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant It can be estimated from the uncertainty principle. Δx Δp ~ ~~h~~, so Δp ~ ~~h~~/Δx. The characteristic length scale of electron orbitals is a*_0_*, the Bohr radius. So the RMS momentum is like ~~h~~/a*_0_*. This ...
<|im_start|>user CMV: There is nothing wrong with other cultures eating animals we domesticate. E.g. asia eating dogs. Obligatory, For the purposes of this post I will predominantly use the example of dogs being eaten in asia because It is subjectively the most widespread and emotional example. In the same way that we...
<|im_start|>user Does String Theory deny the Standard Model?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant It doesn't "deny" the standard model, it has to explain all observations consistent with the standard model at the appropriate energy levels. It does however, deviate from the standard model at high enough energies. Superstring...
<|im_start|>user What caused the massive spike in oxygen content in Earth's atmosphere 300 Million years ago?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant The success of land plants as forests of tree-like vascular plants led to the spike in atmospheric O2 in the Carboniferous Period. This and the rapid burial of plant material in ...
<|im_start|>user How are the sine and cosine functions derived? I understand that for certain angles, using the relationships between the sides of 30-60-90 and 45-45-90 triangles can be used to find the value of sine and cosine. But what I don't understand is how those functions are found for different angles, like 11...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: Why do people start to hallucinate while they are sick or dying? Context: A friend of our family was in the hospital for a very long time and also was in a coma for 3 months. While his wife was sitting next to his bed he kept starring to the wall. When she asked why he is doing it he told her a...
<|im_start|>user Why can we calculate (not measure) pi? Understanding that pi represents the ratio of circumference to diameter of a circle, my question is regarding one (of several) methods to mathematically calculate the value of pi. pi / 4 = 1 - 1/3 + 1/5 - 1/7 + ... As you extend this equation it gets closer and ...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: Why don't blood vessels sort of kink when we fold our knees/elbows? Kind of like a hose<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant 1. The outside of each blood vessel is made of a material that has the right blend of firmness and flexibility. 2. Most blood vessels are surrounded by soft tissue that will yi...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: Why are MRI's so huge? why didn't they get smaller in size like computers did?. Computers went from the size of a room to fit in our pockets, so why are MRI's any different?.<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant MRI's require a strong magnetic field around your body. Making a strong magnetic field re...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: What is the difference between Drive, 3, 2, and 1, in an automatic car? Very confused about this.<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant When you choose Drive, you are telling the transmission to choose whichever gear it feels is most suitable for the driving condition at any moment. When you choose 1,...
<|im_start|>user Could someone please attempt to explain entropy to me in a fluid dynamics context? I have recently started a job as an aerothermal engineer and have had trouble understanding exactly what entropy is in a physical sense. I've encountered it in a few cases, for example, viewing entropy plots to locate pr...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: Why do fast food and casual dining places need to nickle and dime us on some things but not others? Taco places charge for sour cream and guacamole but you can take as much hot sauce as you please. Burger joints make you pay for dipping sauces but freely dispense ketchup, mustard, and even mayonn...
<|im_start|>user ELI5:Why do military vehicles have a longer period of usage than other vehicles? By this I mean some planes that the USAF use were made in the 60s yet we are still using them today; however there are practically no commercially used planes made in the 60s anymore. Why is this?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>ass...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: How sharp is paper? It doesn't take a lot to get a paper cut, which makes me think it must be pretty sharp, especially because paper isn't all that rigid. I'm not totally sure how to define "sharpness" but is it comparable in sharpness to a knife? If it were more rigid, where would that place it?...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: Why does the United States have more prisoners per capita than any other country?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant While this is an extremely complicated question,the most significant contributing factors are "the war on drugs", mandatory minimum sentences, and three strikes laws. These function t...
<|im_start|>user I believe that rather than spending money on programs for the severly mentally disabled, schools should put money into programs that can help develop those who will eventually contribute to society. Please CMV I go to a high school in the U.S that has an extensive program for those with severe mental d...
<|im_start|>user ELI5:Why do law firms use the partnership model? I'm sure the partnership model works in a lot of situations, but what makes law firms so unique for this model to be the standard? Why aren't they run like 'normal' businesses with an owner/shareholders and salaried employees?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assis...
<|im_start|>user Why do we expect extraterrestrial life to only be carbon-based and rarely consider alternatives? Why do scientists seem to assume that life must be based on carbon? I understand the organic chemistry reason, and that we are carbon-based here on earth, but isn't it possible that "life" could have evolve...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: Why is it that alcohol does not have to have the ingredients or nutritional facts printed on the bottle?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant It all depends on whether something is regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA, part of the Department of Health and Human Services) or the Alcohol a...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: Why can't we use all the excess skin from people with extreme weight loss to treat burn victims? With the technology surrounding grafting, why can't we take the huge amounts of skin that come from the formally obese and graft them to victims that have suffered severe burns? If skin 'typing' is an...
<|im_start|>user ELI5 how we can determine that tiny particles like quarks and neutrinos exist, but cannot determine what is ultimately the source of matter.<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Because, in general, it's easier to know something exists than to know how it exists. We can determine they exist 1. Because we c...
<|im_start|>user [Star wars scp universe] what would the classification and containment procedures be for Darth Vader? assuming he brought his lightsaber with him<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Class: Safe The Force is not known to permeate the Milky Way galaxy, so a Vader on Earth is just a formidible swordsman with...
<|im_start|>user How do I cite a transgender author's name Hi, everyone! I am trying to cite an old article by an author who has since come out as transgender and changed their name. Do I cite the text using the name which appears on it (essentially deadnaming them), or do I use their new name? I feel like this is...
<|im_start|>user What's the best explanation for the meaning behind this famous Nietzsche quote? "He who fights with monsters might take care lest he thereby become a monster. And if you gaze for long into an abyss, the abyss gazes also into you." The first sentence is fairly straightforward but I've long thought abou...
<|im_start|>user [Biology] How do antibodies work and why has there never been a case of bacterial resistance to such antibodies?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Antibodies, also called Immunoglobulins, are proteins that are secreted in response to an antigen, which is most commonly a protein of the pathogen, but can a...
<|im_start|>user CMV: People who can't afford kids shouldn't have them. I've seen this sentiment expressed from time to time and quite to my surprise it often generates a lot of anger and controversy. Why? According to the USDA it costs around $230,000 to raise a *single* kid from 0 to 18, and that figure doesn't even ...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: Gases in space, do they form little spheres like tiny planets or move like earth clouds. How do they keep themselves together?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant The short answer is gravity. Gravity exists between any two objects but it is weak unless there is a lot of mass. In the absence of any ot...
<|im_start|>user Can you Find new prime numbers by multiplying all of the known prime numbers and adding 1? Our teacher showed us the proof to that there is an infinate number of prime numbers by using Euclid's theorem. If you add 1 to the product of all known prime numbers is it garanteed to get a new prime number? An...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: Why when we think about breathing we start breathing 'manually'? And how do we forget about it suddenly 'automatic' breathing starts? Thanks!.<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Breathing is regulated by two different pathways, an automatic center that originates from your brainstem that controls y...
<|im_start|>user [RPGs] I just spent the afternoon walking around beating monsters to death with a club but for some reason I seem to have improved unrelated skills like bartering and lock picking... How does that work?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant While engaged with monotonous physical activities, sometimes the min...
<|im_start|>user ELI5:Why is Pi so special and how was it discovered?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Pi was discovered initially as the specific ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter. They determined that the exact ratio was not a simple fraction, though they were happy to approximate. As they explored mat...
<|im_start|>user Where to study Psychoanalysis?? So I’m in my last year as a Philosophy undergrad, and I’ve become massively interested in Psychoanalysis, mainly through Deleuze&amp;Guattaris critique thereof... so I’ve been reading a load of Freud and Lacan, and I’ve decided I want to focus on this in my masters, but ...
<|im_start|>user ELI5 why are some metal objects cast while other are forged?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Depends on the application. If the part is made in large quantities, then casting is probably more efficient and cheaper.if the part is very complex, then casting is also easier. However, cast metal can be 's...
<|im_start|>user why is it so important to keep trauma victims awake/alert on the way to the hospital, as in how does that aid in their chances of survival?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant More often then not, its easier to monitor the condition of someone whose conscious. By simply talking with the first responder we ...
<|im_start|>user ELI5 why Colors Fade in sunlight? What actually happens to the color? Does it dissipate into the air somehow?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant The photons of ultra violet light from the sun interact with some chemicals that are used to create dyes and pigments (i.e. colors) in a way that causes the ch...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: What's happening between EU and Switzerland? I've read something about immigration on Switzerland and punishment from the UE but I'd love a simpler and less subjective explanation.<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant In order to enjoy free trade between Switzerland and the EU they have to abide by a ...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: Why does meat usually taste better when it's cooked?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Cooking is a way of outsourcing digestion. The heat breaks down the proteins and carbohydrates so your body doesn't have to. Carmelization of those carbohydrates produces a more pleasing flavor. The proteins beco...
<|im_start|>user [Bioshock Infinite] How does Booker not rip his left arm off when using the Sky-lines?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant The skyhook is designed based on two principles, ensuring that your wrist doesn't break, and relying on forward momentum. The skyhook is designed with an arm brace, so that the shear...
<|im_start|>user [Star Trek] What are some common strategies for the Kobayashi Maru simulation?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Common strategies? You might as well ask me to give you the scientific numerical breakdown of the Lourve? The KM hasn't been a standard test for ages. No its about adapting, improvising, in...
<|im_start|>user Does language affect learning and studying? What I mean by this is do different languages explain concepts better and can you learn something better in another language. Say person A is equally fluent in 2 languages and the person is studying something which has specific terms and concepts. Is it bette...
<|im_start|>user Why can tenured professors teach poorly and stay employed?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant The whole point of tenure is so professors can concentrate on research. The professors primary job isn't to teach, but to make advancements in his or her own field of study. Teaching is like a side gig for tenu...
<|im_start|>user With the talk of a functional bionic eye, would hallucinogens impact the users perception just like a real eye?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Oh yes. The physical tools of perception (lens, retina etc) are merely the first step in the process. Perception is highly constructive- you create what you ...
<|im_start|>user Does a language's complexity (grammar, pronunciation, vocabulary size, etc.) follow a standard curve over time? As a language develops, matures, and eventually fades away or morphs into new distinct languages, does it follow a standard pattern in terms of linguistic complexity? Is it true that mature ...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: How do we actually know what colours other animals can or can't see?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant The rods and cones in your eyes contain dyes, which are the chemicals that do the light sensing. A dye is just a molecule that absorbs a very specific frequency of light. This makes them a parti...
<|im_start|>user [Fullmetal Alchemist] Why do the alchemists that we see in the series all practice just one type of alchemy? I'm sure it's in part due to them specializing in that type of alchemy -- a theory supported by the fact that state alchemists are required to present research in their chosen fields -- but is t...
<|im_start|>user [Star Trek] Is everyone in starfleet entirely adverse to recording anything ever? So I've been looking through the records of a few missions (NCC-1701 and 1701-D) and I've noticed something; despite the fact that these ships are some of the most technically advanced pieces of equipment that the UFP has...
<|im_start|>user Was Aristotle an advocate for the welfare state? I heard this claim from Chomsky. He writes: "Aristotle also made the point that if you have, in a perfect democracy, a small number of very rich people and a large number of very poor people, the poor will use their democratic rights to take property awa...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: how does camera auto focus work?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant There are a few systems, but the easiest to understand is contrast detection. This is very common on any digital camera showing a "live view" of what the sensor sees. The camera searches for parts of the image where color or brightn...
<|im_start|>user [General Sci-fi] If I was abducted by aliens and taken light years away from earth how could I find my way home if I gain control of the ship?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Assuming the aliens technology is understandable and user friendly you could simply see where they've been and back track. Other...
<|im_start|>user [The Big Bang Theory] Leonard's mother, being a successful psychiatrist should be aware of how damaging she can be to Leonard so is she doing what she does on purpose? I mean what the hell?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant A lot of professionals struggle with blind spots in their analysis when the task ...
<|im_start|>user After exercising do all proteins (meat, vegetable) have the same effect on muscle development?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Proteins are made up of "building blocks" which are called amino acids. Muscle repair/growth is limited by amino acid availability. To elaborate on that, the essential amino ac...
<|im_start|>user Can you study Computer Science without being super passionate about it? Atm I study philosophy at uni and due to some logic courses I took I remembered how I used to enjoy programming a few years ago in school and I wasn't too bad at it. Since then I've been thinking about switching to studying compute...
<|im_start|>user How can the liver break down so many different chemicals? The liver is where a lot of chemical compounds are broken down into useful or waste compounds. But how does the liver correctly handle so many different compounds? There are literally thousands and thousands of different compounds we can ingest,...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: how can the dollar store sell items for only 1$ while the same items are much higher elsewhere? I always wondered if there is something wrong with those items? Maybe almost expired or damaged?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant It's simple and yet not easy to understand. Take the entire stock of the...
<|im_start|>user ELI5:Why is the newly-found SSL vulnerability referred to as "heartbleed" so dangerous?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant SSL uses what's called "public key cryptography". Simply put, it means we have two different keys to protect the data. One of them is used to encrypt the data, and the other is used t...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: Why do people lose their accents when they sing?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant A large part of accents is the pronunciations of various sounds, the stress patterns of words and the 'rhythm' of sentences. The last two are lost when singing, generally, because songs have their own stresses and rh...
<|im_start|>user [MCU] How does Ant Man revert to his exact default size? Maybe I missed it somewhere in the movies, but is there a "default size button" or could Ant Man presumably be 107% or 97.3% his normal size?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Pym particles operate similar to atomic orbital tracks in that there are...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: The Turkish Protests I know some will downvote me and refer me to r/answers, but I purposefully ask here in the hopes of getting as bare-bones an answer as possible (hence the sub). Haven't particularly kept up with Turkey goings-on in the past few years, but I always thought they seemed like a...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: How do we know the universe is 14 billion years old? Do we have telescopes that can see that far? So, I understand we know the age because that's how long it took the light to reach us - but do we have telescopes that can see that far? If we invented modern Hubble telescope with better technology...
<|im_start|>user ELI5 How did scientists find out what layers exist under the Earth's crust? How did they determine that Earth has a solid core?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Most of this is figured out through seismic surveys. You make a loud sound somewhere and then measure how the sound waves travel through the Ea...
<|im_start|>user ELI5:What is happening when you see the air ripple on a hot day?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Light travels at different speeds through different mediums, and as the density of the mediums vary. The air is being heated at different rates between you and the horizon creating different air densities, ...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: How does something gets contaminated from radiation? Re-watching Chernobyl and this doubt just got to me after seeing the cloths disposal of the first responder firefighters. As far as I know radiation works by collision with other's atoms and breaking them, so, how does something that has been ...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: How does your metabolism work? Like what makes you metabolism faster and what makes it slow down? In my day to day cycle what happens to it? How big of a factor is this in losing weight? Can I overcome a slow metabolism with exercise? Is it going to totally mess up a diet?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>a...
<|im_start|>user How do scientists measure the universe's expansion rate?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Red shift (similar to Doppler effect, but for light, which tells us how fast things are moving away from us) of standard candles (events that have consistent and known brightness (to measure distance) and colour (t...
<|im_start|>user ELI5 the pros and cons of GMOs<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Pro GMO foods: Crop yields can be improved by as much as 10x, allowing more people to be fed. Crop diseases can be wiped out, improving yields further. Anti GMO foods: Risk of the unknown. GMO's are man-made, and might have health or envir...
<|im_start|>user How are we able to calculate the mass of the Sun? I understand that you use The Law of Universal Gravitation, but can someone give me an in-depth explanation?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Law of Universal Gravitation F = G*M1*M2/r^2 We know G, we know M2 (mass of earth), and we know r (earth-sun dis...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: How does a VPN change my location and IP address, even though I'm still going through my router?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant A VPN will create a connection between two machines over the internet and send other traffic over that link where it is routed to the open internet on the other end. Th...
<|im_start|>user Why are there more islands in the Pacific Ocean compared to the Atlantic Ocean? What causes this difference? The Pacific Ocean is significantly older than The Atlantic Ocean, does this have anything to do with the amount of islands each contains? Or does the depth of the oceans play a role in it?<|im_e...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: how does a painkiller like Percocet or Vicodin or tramadol work?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant To first understand painkillers, you have to understand how pain works. Pain is a sensation, an electrical impulse sent from cell to cell to cell until it eventually reaches your brain and tells you "...
<|im_start|>user ELI5, Please: Why are people hollering for Obama to not raise Minimum Wage? I see a lot of flak from folks claiming min wage shouldnt be raised. However I see in min wage jobs, people, (myself included) who are not teenagers, and trying to raise a family, and how hard it is to do on mere minimum wage. ...
<|im_start|>user CMV:Religion should not be a protected class in anti-discrimination laws (Talking about America and the west in general) Currently, if an employer is, beyond a reasonable doubt, proven to have fired/not hired someone for their sex, ethnicity or religion, that's deemed illegal. Let's ignore the fact th...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: Why do humans take so long to fully develop? Humans take over 20 years to grow and mentally develop completely, which is longer than most animals lives. Why does it take so long? What in nature causes this and has it always been this way for humans?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant The body is rea...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: How do astronomers identify galaxies that are light years away from us?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant It depends what you mean by identify. If you mean "How do we tell that they are galaxies", we tell using telescopes that are big enough to make out tiny details. The size of the telescope and...
<|im_start|>user Should I study Rand? Is Ayn Rand valuable as a philosopher at all? I doubt I will agree with her, but will I get anything genuine out of reading her or is she just entirely useless?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant It can be used as good philosophical exercise. Read some of her short essays and spot how...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: Given the number and types of bacteria in our mouths, why is it that cuts/ulcers in our mouths don't get super infected very quickly? I've heard that the human bite is one of the most dangerous because of the types of bacteria in our mouths and teeth. Knowing this, wouldn't cuts to the inside of ...
<|im_start|>user Say that atoms found in the island of stability were found to be really stable. What could we potentially use them for? There is something called the island of stability which dictates that it may exist heavy elements that are stable. If we create such elements and their half-time is on the order of ye...
<|im_start|>user ELI5 why are some colours commonly found as surnames (white, brown, green) but not others (red, blue, yellow) And furthermore how does language play a part - I know red (rojas/rossi) is a Spanish and Italian surname but not English<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Metallurgy. A lot of early surnames st...
<|im_start|>user CMV: If one were to create a new country today, there would be no reason to include an equivalent to the 2nd amendment in the new constitution By way of initial disclosure, I am Australian and hold the view that our gun control regulations are effective in reducing gun related violence. However, I am...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: How come the extreme pressure at the ocean floor isn't making the water boil? (Like high pressure areas on land equals higher temperatures) I've heard the temperature underwater actually goes as low as 33°F<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Forget about temperature for the first part. Water is made...
<|im_start|>user Do atoms emit spectral lines in the nonvisible spectrum? I'm taking a Stellar Astronomy course, and have a very limited understanding of spectroscopy. My basic understanding is that emission lines are the result of electrons needing a very specific amount of energy before they can change orbitals, an...
<|im_start|>user What's the probability that in n vectors, each with n elements where each element is a random integer, that the set is linearly independent?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant You are asking the question: "Given an N x N matrix *A* with random entries from some commutative ring *R* (e.g., integers), what...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: Can you explain how online data works and why the corporations want it?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Personal data is anything having to do with you or your interests. What colors you like, what you eat, where you work, how you look, etc etc etc. Corporations use this data to automatically t...
<|im_start|>user ELI5: How exactly does counting cards work and how does it level the playing field against a casino or improve one's chance of winning?<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Counting Cards is all about keeping track of probability. Let's say you're playing blackjack. And the first five cards that are dealt ...
<|im_start|>user Why do tidal ranges in different parts of the world vary so greatly? I understand the basics of how tides work with the sun and moon causing neap and spring tides, but why does the tidal range vary so greatly in different areas? (from as little as 1m to 17m)<|im_end|> <|im_start|>assistant Resonance ba...
<|im_start|>user [LI5] Can someone explain software patents (and the controversy surrounding them) please? Inspired by [this](http://www.reddit.com/r/reddit.com/comments/j44gp/software_patents_in_the_real_world/). I'm specifically looking for information about why they are so controversial, and what they mean for soft...