TRIR

slug: trir

aliases:
Total Recordable Incident Rate
OSHA TRIR
Total Case Incident Rate

short_definition: Total Recordable Incident Rate — the OSHA-required metric measuring all recordable injuries and illnesses per 100 full-time-equivalent workers. Calculated as (Recordable Incidents × 200,000) ÷ Total Hours Worked.

category: incident-metrics


LTIFR

slug: ltifr

aliases:
Lost Time Injury Frequency Rate
Lost Time Injury Rate
LTI rate

short_definition: Lost Time Injury Frequency Rate — the ILO / ISO 45001 / IOGP international measure of lost-time injuries per 1,000,000 hours worked. The world's default safety frequency metric outside the United States.


Near Miss

slug: near-miss

aliases:
Near-miss
Close call
Almost accident
Unsafe incident

short_definition: An unplanned event that did not result in injury, illness, or damage — but had the potential to. Near-miss reporting is the single most important leading indicator of safety performance.


Risk Assessment

slug: risk-assessment

aliases: Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment

short_definition: The systematic process of identifying workplace hazards, evaluating their likelihood and severity, and deciding on controls. Required by ISO 45001, UK Management of H&S at Work Regulations, OSHA General Duty Clause, and all major OSH legislation worldwide.

category: risk-techniques


Permit-to-Work (PTW)

slug: permit-to-work

aliases:
PTW
work permit
safe work permit
permit system

short_definition: A formal documented safety system used to control high-risk non-routine work — hot work, confined space entry, work at height, excavation, electrical isolation, line-breaking — by requiring written authorisation, hazard assessment, isolation verification, and sign-off from trained issuers before work begins.

category: permits


Hierarchy of Controls

slug: hierarchy-of-controls

aliases:
HoC
control hierarchy
ISO 45001 hierarchy of controls
NIOSH hierarchy

short_definition: The preferred-order framework for selecting risk controls: Elimination → Substitution → Engineering controls → Administrative controls → Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). Controls at the top are most effective; PPE is always the last line of defence.


ALARP

slug: alarp

aliases:
As Low As Reasonably Practicable
SFAIRP
so far as is reasonably practicable

short_definition: As Low As Reasonably Practicable — the legal test used in UK, EU, Australian, and Gulf jurisdictions requiring employers to reduce risk until the cost, time, or effort of further reduction becomes grossly disproportionate to the risk-reduction benefit. It is not a number — it is a judgement, documented in an ALARP demonstration.


OSHA

slug: osha

short_definition: The Occupational Safety and Health Administration — the US federal agency (under the Department of Labor) responsible for setting and enforcing workplace safety standards under the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970. Covers ~130 million workers at ~8 million worksites.

category: regulations


Hazard Identification (HAZID / HIRA)

slug: hazard-identification

short_definition: The systematic process of finding, listing, and characterising all hazards in a workplace, process, or activity — the essential first step before any risk assessment. Common techniques include HAZID workshops, HAZOP, What-If, FMEA, Bowtie, checklist reviews, and task-based JSA.


Root Cause Analysis (RCA)

slug: root-cause-analysis

aliases:
RCA
causal analysis
5 whys
Ishikawa analysis
TapRooT
Apollo RCA

short_definition: A structured investigation method used to identify the underlying system, management, and human-factor causes of an incident — beyond the immediate cause — so that controls can prevent recurrence. Common techniques: 5 Whys, Ishikawa (fishbone), Fault Tree Analysis, TapRooT, Apollo, and CAST.