src/train.py

import argparse
import sys
import os
import json
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.optim as optim
from torch.utils.data import DataLoader
# from torch.cuda.amp import GradScaler, autocast # Deprecated
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
from tqdm import tqdm
from pathlib import Path

# Add CAFA evaluator to path
sys.path.append(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'CAFA-evaluator-PK', 'src'))
try:
    from cafaeval.parser import obo_parser, gt_parser, pred_parser
    from cafaeval.evaluation import evaluate_prediction
    HAS_EVAL = True
except ImportError as e:
    print(f"Warning: Could not import cafaeval: {e}")
    HAS_EVAL = False

from dataset import ProteinTaxonomyDataset
from model import TaxonomyAwareESM, AsymmetricLoss
from asymmetric_loss import load_ia_weights
from transformers import AutoTokenizer

def save_checkpoint(model, optimizer, epoch, metrics, filename):
    checkpoint = {
        'epoch': epoch,
        'model_state_dict': model.state_dict(),
        'optimizer_state_dict': optimizer.state_dict(),
        'metrics': metrics
    }
    torch.save(checkpoint, filename)
    print(f"Saved checkpoint to {filename}")

def run_evaluation(model, valid_loader, ontologies, gt, device, out_dir, epoch, prefix="valid"):
    """

    Runs prediction and CAFA evaluation (Weighted F-max, S-min).

    Returns a dict of metrics.

    """
    model.eval()
    all_preds = []
    
    print(f"Generating predictions for {prefix} set (Epoch {epoch})...")
    
    # Needs valid_loader.dataset.go_to_idx to map back to GO IDs
    idx_to_go = {v: k for k, v in valid_loader.dataset.go_to_idx.items()}
    
    # Memory optimization: Stream writes to file instead of keeping all_preds in memory if dataset is huge.
    # But for validation sets (~5k proteins), list is fine. 
    # Just in case, let's keep it simple for now as requested.
    
    with torch.no_grad():
        for batch in tqdm(valid_loader, desc=f"{prefix} Infer"):
            input_ids = batch['input_ids'].to(device)
            attention_mask = batch['attention_mask'].to(device)
            tax_vector = batch['tax_vector'].to(device)
            entry_ids = batch['entry_id']
            
            logits = model(input_ids, attention_mask, tax_vector)
            probs = torch.sigmoid(logits)
            probs = probs.cpu().numpy()
            
            for i, entry_id in enumerate(entry_ids):
                row_probs = probs[i]
                # Threshold for sparseness
                indices = np.where(row_probs > 0.01)[0]
                for idx in indices:
                    term = idx_to_go[idx]
                    score = float(row_probs[idx])
                    all_preds.append((entry_id, term, score))
                    
    # Format for cafa_eval
    pred_dir = os.path.join(out_dir, "preds_temp", prefix)
    os.makedirs(pred_dir, exist_ok=True)
    pred_path = os.path.join(pred_dir, f"epoch_{epoch}.tsv")
    
    with open(pred_path, 'w') as f:
        for p in all_preds:
            f.write(f"{p[0]}\t{p[1]}\t{p[2]:.5f}\n")
            
    print(f"Saved {prefix} predictions to {pred_path}")
    
    if not HAS_EVAL or ontologies is None:
        return {}
        
    print(f"Running CAFA Evaluation for {prefix}...")
    try:
        # Prediction Parser
        # prop='max' by default in cafa_eval
        prediction = pred_parser(pred_path, ontologies, gt, prop_mode='max', max_terms=None)
        
        if not prediction:
            print("Warning: No predictions parsed.")
            return {}

        # Evaluate
        tau_arr = np.arange(0.01, 1, 0.01)
        df_res = evaluate_prediction(
            prediction, gt, ontologies, tau_arr, 
            gt_exclude=None, normalization='cafa', n_cpu=4
        )
        
        # Calculate Metrics: Weighted F-max and S-min per namespace
        metrics = {}
        
        # Namespaces usually: 'cellular_component', 'molecular_function', 'biological_process'
        # But df_res['ns'] might be abbreviation or full. 
        # CAFA eval usually uses 'BPO', 'MFO', 'CCO' keys in ontologies, but df_res keeps 'ns' col.
        
        for ns in df_res['ns'].unique():
            df_ns = df_res[df_res['ns'] == ns]
            
            # Weighted F-max
            # Max of 'f_w' column
            if 'f_w' in df_ns.columns:
                fmax_w = df_ns['f_w'].max()
                metrics[f"{ns}_fmax_w"] = fmax_w
            
            # S-min
            # Min of 's' column
            if 's' in df_ns.columns:
                smin = df_ns['s'].min()
                metrics[f"{ns}_smin"] = smin
                
        print(f"{prefix} Metrics: {metrics}")
        
        # Clean up temp file to save space?
        # os.remove(pred_path) 
        
        return metrics

    except Exception as e:
        print(f"Evaluation failed: {e}")
        import traceback
        traceback.print_exc()
        return {}

def evaluate_gpu(model, dataloader, ic_weights, device, thresholds=None, pred_output_path=None, metrics_output_path=None):
    """

    Calculates Weighted F-max and S-min using GPU streaming to avoid OOM.

    """
    model.eval()
    
    if thresholds is None:
        thresholds = torch.linspace(0, 1, 101, device=device)
    
    # Initialize accumulators for each threshold
    sum_prec = torch.zeros(len(thresholds), device=device)
    sum_rec = torch.zeros(len(thresholds), device=device)
    sum_ru = torch.zeros(len(thresholds), device=device) # Remaining Uncertainty (Weighted FN)
    sum_mi = torch.zeros(len(thresholds), device=device) # Misinformation (Weighted FP)
    
    total_samples = 0
    
    # Prepare Prediction Output
    f_pred = None
    if pred_output_path:
        os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(pred_output_path), exist_ok=True)
        f_pred = open(pred_output_path, 'w')
        idx_to_go = {v: k for k, v in dataloader.dataset.go_to_idx.items()}
    
    with torch.no_grad():
        for batch in tqdm(dataloader, desc="GPU Eval"):
            input_ids = batch['input_ids'].to(device)
            attention_mask = batch['attention_mask'].to(device)
            tax_vector = batch['tax_vector'].to(device)
            labels = batch['labels'].to(device) # (B, NumClasses)
            entry_ids = batch['entry_id']
            
            # --- SAME LOGIC AS BEFORE FOR ID HANDLING ---
            if isinstance(entry_ids, str):
                entry_ids = [entry_ids]
            if not isinstance(entry_ids, (list, tuple)):
                 if isinstance(entry_ids, torch.Tensor):
                     entry_ids = entry_ids.tolist()
                 else:
                     entry_ids = list(entry_ids)
            
            # 1. Forward
            logits = model(input_ids, attention_mask, tax_vector)
            probs = torch.sigmoid(logits) # (B, NumClasses)
            
            # Save Predictions output logic (kept same)
            if f_pred:
                probs_cpu = probs.cpu().numpy()
                for i, entry_id in enumerate(entry_ids):
                    indices = np.where(probs_cpu[i] > 0.01)[0]
                    for idx in indices:
                        term = idx_to_go[idx]
                        score = probs_cpu[i][idx]
                        f_pred.write(f"{entry_id}\t{term}\t{score:.4f}\n")
            
            # 2. Ground Truth IC
            # labels * weights
            true_ic = (labels * ic_weights).sum(dim=1) # (B,)
            true_ic = torch.maximum(true_ic, torch.tensor(1e-9, device=device))
            
            # 3. Thresholding & Metrics Broadcasting
            # (B, 1, C) >= (1, T, 1) -> (B, T, C)
            probs_unsqueezed = probs.unsqueeze(1) 
            thresholds_unsqueezed = thresholds.view(1, -1, 1)
            
            pred_binary = (probs_unsqueezed >= thresholds_unsqueezed).float()
            
            labels_unsqueezed = labels.unsqueeze(1) # (B, 1, C)
            ic_weights_unsqueezed = ic_weights.view(1, 1, -1) # (1, 1, C)
            
            # intersection_ic (TP) shape: (B, T)
            intersection_ic = (pred_binary * labels_unsqueezed * ic_weights_unsqueezed).sum(dim=2)
            
            # pred_ic (TP + FP) shape: (B, T)
            pred_ic = (pred_binary * ic_weights_unsqueezed).sum(dim=2)
            
            # Precision: TP / Pred
            precision = intersection_ic / (pred_ic + 1e-9)
            
            # Recall: TP / True
            recall = intersection_ic / (true_ic.view(-1, 1) + 1e-9)
            
            # RU (False Negative): (True - TP) -> (B, T)
            ru = true_ic.view(-1, 1) - intersection_ic
            # Handle potential slight float errors
            ru = torch.clamp(ru, min=0.0)
            
            # MI (False Positive): (Pred - TP) -> (B, T)
            mi = pred_ic - intersection_ic 
            mi = torch.clamp(mi, min=0.0)
            
            # Accumulate Sums
            sum_prec += precision.sum(dim=0)
            sum_rec += recall.sum(dim=0)
            sum_ru += ru.sum(dim=0)
            sum_mi += mi.sum(dim=0)
            
            total_samples += input_ids.size(0)
            
            # GC
            del logits, probs, pred_binary, intersection_ic, pred_ic, ru, mi
            
            # Dry run break
            if hasattr(dataloader.dataset, 'dry_run') and dataloader.dataset.dry_run:
                 # Dataset doesn't hold flag, we need to pass it or check total_samples
                 pass
            if total_samples > 200 and 'dry_run' in str(type(dataloader.dataset)): # hacky check?
                pass 
                
    if f_pred:
        f_pred.close()
        print(f"Saved predictions to {pred_output_path}")
            
    # Compute Averages
    avg_prec = sum_prec / total_samples
    avg_rec = sum_rec / total_samples
    avg_ru = sum_ru / total_samples
    avg_mi = sum_mi / total_samples
    
    # F-max
    f1_scores = 2 * avg_prec * avg_rec / (avg_prec + avg_rec + 1e-9)
    best_fmax = f1_scores.max().item()
    best_t_idx = f1_scores.argmax().item()
    best_threshold_f = thresholds[best_t_idx].item()
    
    # S-min
    # S = sqrt(RU^2 + MI^2)
    s_scores = torch.sqrt(avg_ru**2 + avg_mi**2)
    min_s = s_scores.min().item()
    best_s_idx = s_scores.argmin().item()
    best_threshold_s = thresholds[best_s_idx].item()
    
    metrics = {
        'fmax_w': best_fmax,
        'threshold_fmax': best_threshold_f,
        'smin': min_s,
        'threshold_smin': best_threshold_s,
    }
    
    # Save Metrics Detail
    if metrics_output_path:
        metrics_data = {
            'threshold': thresholds.cpu().numpy(),
            'precision': avg_prec.cpu().numpy(),
            'recall': avg_rec.cpu().numpy(),
            'f1': f1_scores.cpu().numpy(),
            'ru': avg_ru.cpu().numpy(),
            'mi': avg_mi.cpu().numpy(),
            's': s_scores.cpu().numpy()
        }
        pd.DataFrame(metrics_data).to_csv(metrics_output_path, sep='\t', index=False)
        print(f"Saved detailed metrics to {metrics_output_path}")

    return metrics

def validate_loss(model, valid_loader, criterion, device):
    model.eval()
    total_loss = 0
    steps = 0
    torch.cuda.empty_cache()
    with torch.no_grad():
        for batch in tqdm(valid_loader, desc="Valid Loss"):
            input_ids = batch['input_ids'].to(device)
            attention_mask = batch['attention_mask'].to(device)
            tax_vector = batch['tax_vector'].to(device)
            labels = batch['labels'].to(device)
            
            with torch.amp.autocast(device_type=device.type):
                logits = model(input_ids, attention_mask, tax_vector)
                loss = criterion(logits, labels)
            
            total_loss += loss.item()
            steps += 1
            
    return total_loss / steps

def main():
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
    parser.add_argument("--data_path", type=str, required=True, help="Path to mounted dataset")
    parser.add_argument("--lr", type=float, default=5e-5)
    parser.add_argument("--batch_size", type=int, default=32)
    parser.add_argument("--epochs", type=int, default=10)
    parser.add_argument("--num_workers", type=int, default=4, help="Number of data loader workers")
    parser.add_argument("--T_0", type=int, default=10, help="CosineAnnealingWarmRestarts T_0")
    parser.add_argument("--T_mult", type=int, default=1, help="CosineAnnealingWarmRestarts T_mult")
    parser.add_argument("--min_lr", type=float, default=1e-6, help="Minimum learning rate")
    parser.add_argument("--esm_model_name", type=str, default="facebook/esm2_t33_650M_UR50D", help="ESM model name")
    parser.add_argument("--gamma_neg", type=float, default=2, help="Asymmetric Loss gamma_neg")
    parser.add_argument("--gamma_pos", type=float, default=0, help="Asymmetric Loss gamma_pos")
    parser.add_argument("--clip", type=float, default=0.05, help="Asymmetric Loss clip")
    parser.add_argument("--max_grad_norm", type=float, default=1.0, help="Max gradient norm for clipping")
    parser.add_argument("--output_dir", type=str, default="outputs", help="Directory for checkpoints and predictions")
    parser.add_argument("--mlflow_dir", type=str, default="mlruns", help="Directory for MLflow logs")
    
    # LoRA Arguments
    parser.add_argument("--use_lora", type=bool, default=True, help="Use LoRA for ESM backbone")
    parser.add_argument("--lora_rank", type=int, default=8, help="LoRA rank")
    parser.add_argument("--dry_run", action="store_true", help="Run a short dry run for testing")
    parser.add_argument("--resume_checkpoint", type=str, default=None, help="Path to checkpoint to resume from")
    parser.add_argument("--skip_eval", action="store_true", help="Skip GPU evaluation during training")
    
    args = parser.parse_args()

    # Paths
    data_path = Path(args.data_path)
    train_fasta = data_path / "learning_superset" / "large_learning_superset.fasta"
    train_term = data_path / "learning_superset" / "large_learning_superset_term.tsv"
    
    val_fasta = data_path / "validation_superset" / "validation_superset.fasta"
    val_term = data_path / "validation_superset" / "validation_superset_term.tsv"
    
    # New Separate Validation Sets
    val_novel_fasta = data_path / "validation_superset" / "validation_novel" / "validation_novel.fasta"
    val_novel_term = data_path / "validation_superset" / "validation_novel" / "validation_novel_terms.tsv"
    
    val_homolog_fasta = data_path / "validation_superset" / "validation_homolog" / "validation_homolog.fasta"
    val_homolog_term = data_path / "validation_superset" / "validation_homolog" / "validation_homolog_terms.tsv"
    
    species_vec = data_path / "taxon_embedding" / "species_vectors.tsv"
    
    # GO Vocab is local in src/go_terms.json
    go_vocab_path = "src/go_terms.json"
    if not os.path.exists(go_vocab_path):
        go_vocab_path = "go_terms.json"
        
    # Evaluation files
    obo_path = data_path / "go_info" / "go-basic.obo"
    ia_path = data_path / "IA.tsv"
    
    # Propagation files
    go_matrix_path = data_path / "go_info" / "go_ancestor_matrix.npz"
    go_mapping_path = data_path / "go_info" / "go_term_mappings.pkl"
    
    device = torch.device('cuda' if torch.cuda.is_available() else 'cpu')
    print(f"Using device: {device}")

    # Tokenizer
    print(f"Loading tokenizer for: {args.esm_model_name}")
    tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(args.esm_model_name)

    # Datasets
    print("Initializing Datasets...")
    train_dataset = ProteinTaxonomyDataset(
        train_fasta, train_term, species_vec, go_vocab_path, max_len=1024, esm_tokenizer=tokenizer,
        go_matrix_path=str(go_matrix_path), go_mapping_path=str(go_mapping_path)
    )
    val_dataset = ProteinTaxonomyDataset(
        val_fasta, val_term, species_vec, go_vocab_path, max_len=1024, esm_tokenizer=tokenizer,
        go_matrix_path=str(go_matrix_path), go_mapping_path=str(go_mapping_path)
    )

    train_loader = DataLoader(
        train_dataset, 
        batch_size=args.batch_size, 
        shuffle=True, 
        num_workers=args.num_workers, 
        pin_memory=True,
        persistent_workers=True if args.num_workers > 0 else False,
        prefetch_factor=2 if args.num_workers > 0 else None
    )
    val_loader = DataLoader(
        val_dataset, 
        batch_size=max(1, args.batch_size // 2), 
        shuffle=False, 
        num_workers=args.num_workers,
        pin_memory=True,
        persistent_workers=True if args.num_workers > 0 else False,
        prefetch_factor=2 if args.num_workers > 0 else None
    )

    # 4.1 Initialize Separate Validation Sets
    print("Initializing Novel Validation Set...")
    val_novel_dataset = ProteinTaxonomyDataset(
        val_novel_fasta, val_novel_term, species_vec, go_vocab_path, max_len=1024, esm_tokenizer=tokenizer,
        go_matrix_path=str(go_matrix_path), go_mapping_path=str(go_mapping_path)
    )
    val_novel_loader = DataLoader(val_novel_dataset, batch_size=args.batch_size, shuffle=False, num_workers=args.num_workers, pin_memory=True)
    
    print("Initializing Homolog Validation Set...")
    val_homolog_dataset = ProteinTaxonomyDataset(
        val_homolog_fasta, val_homolog_term, species_vec, go_vocab_path, max_len=1024, esm_tokenizer=tokenizer,
        go_matrix_path=str(go_matrix_path), go_mapping_path=str(go_mapping_path)
    )
    val_homolog_loader = DataLoader(val_homolog_dataset, batch_size=args.batch_size, shuffle=False, num_workers=args.num_workers, pin_memory=True)

    # Model
    model = TaxonomyAwareESM(
        num_classes=train_dataset.num_classes, 
        pretrained_model_name=args.esm_model_name,
        use_lora=args.use_lora,
        lora_rank=args.lora_rank,
        vocab_sizes=train_dataset.vocab_sizes
    ).to(device)
    
    criterion = AsymmetricLoss(gamma_neg=args.gamma_neg, gamma_pos=args.gamma_pos, clip=args.clip).to(device)
    optimizer = optim.AdamW(model.parameters(), lr=args.lr)
    
    # Scheduler
    scheduler = optim.lr_scheduler.CosineAnnealingWarmRestarts(
        optimizer, T_0=args.T_0, T_mult=args.T_mult, eta_min=args.min_lr
    )
    
    scaler = torch.cuda.amp.GradScaler(enabled=(device.type == 'cuda'))
    
    # Pre-Load Ontology and GT for Evaluation
    ontologies = None
    gt = None
    if HAS_EVAL:
        print("Loading Ontology and Ground Truth...")
        # obo_parser(obo_file, valid_rel, ia_file, no_orphans)
        # Using IA file allows Weighted F-max
        ontologies = obo_parser(
            str(obo_path), 
            ("is_a", "part_of"), 
            str(ia_path) if ia_path.exists() else None, 
            True # no_orphans
        )
        gt = gt_parser(str(val_term), ontologies)
        
        # Also parse GT for novel and homolog
        # Note: gt_parser's second arg is ontologies, it filters based on it.
        # We need GT objects for new sets to pass to run_evaluation
        print("Loading Ground Truth for Novel/Homolog...")
        gt_novel = gt_parser(str(val_novel_term), ontologies)
        gt_homolog = gt_parser(str(val_homolog_term), ontologies)
        
    # Load IC Weights for GPU Eval
    print("Loading IC Weights for GPU Evaluation...")
    ic_weights = load_ia_weights(
        str(ia_path) if ia_path.exists() else "IA.tsv",
        train_dataset.go_to_idx,
        train_dataset.num_classes
    ).to(device)
    
    # MLflow init
    import mlflow
    import time
    
    # Configure MLflow
    if args.mlflow_dir:
        mlflow_uri = Path(args.mlflow_dir).resolve().as_uri()
        mlflow.set_tracking_uri(mlflow_uri)
        print(f"MLflow tracking URI: {mlflow_uri}")
    
    mlflow.start_run()
    mlflow.log_params(vars(args))

    best_val_loss = float('inf')
    output_dir = Path(args.output_dir)
    os.makedirs(output_dir, exist_ok=True)
    
    # Best model path for validation loss
    best_model_path = output_dir / "best_model_loss.pth"
    best_wf_max = 0.0
    
    start_epoch = 1
    
    # Resume Checkpoint Logic
    if args.resume_checkpoint and os.path.exists(args.resume_checkpoint):
        print(f"Resuming training from checkpoint: {args.resume_checkpoint}")
        checkpoint = torch.load(args.resume_checkpoint, map_location=device)
        
        # Load Model
        model.load_state_dict(checkpoint['model_state_dict'])
        
        # Load Optimizer
        if 'optimizer_state_dict' in checkpoint:
            optimizer.load_state_dict(checkpoint['optimizer_state_dict'])
            
        # Load Scheduler (if saved? - Not explicitly passed to save_checkpoint in original code, need to check)
        # Looking at save_checkpoint, it seems metrics are saved but scheduler might not be in standard dict unless added?
        # Let's check save_checkpoint... 
        # Ah, save_checkpoint in line 30 only saves model, optimizer, metrics. Scheduler is missing! 
        # But CosineAnnealingWarmRestarts relies on epoch. We can just step it to current epoch.
        
        # Update Start Epoch
        start_epoch = checkpoint['epoch'] + 1
        print(f"Resuming from Epoch {start_epoch}")
        
        # Restore Best Metrics
        if 'metrics' in checkpoint and 'val_loss' in checkpoint['metrics']:
            best_val_loss = checkpoint['metrics']['val_loss']
            print(f"Restored Best Val Loss: {best_val_loss}")
            
    # Adjust Scheduler to Epoch
    if start_epoch > 1:
        # Step scheduler to catch up
        # This is approximate for WarmRestarts if we don't save its internal state, but usually fine for simple restarts
        # Better would be to save scheduler state_dict in save_checkpoint.
        # For now, we manually step.
        for _ in range(1, start_epoch):
             if _ >= 3: # Scheduler steps starting from epoch 3 in loop logic
                scheduler.step()

    for epoch in range(start_epoch, args.epochs + 1):
        epoch_start_time = time.time()
        
        # Training
        model.train()
        total_loss = 0
        total_grad_norm = 0
        steps = 0
        
        # Warmup Logic
        if epoch == 1:
            for param_group in optimizer.param_groups:
                param_group['lr'] = args.lr * 0.25
        elif epoch == 2:
            for param_group in optimizer.param_groups:
                param_group['lr'] = args.lr * 0.50
        elif epoch == 3:
            # Ensure we start the scheduler with the base LR
            for param_group in optimizer.param_groups:
                 param_group['lr'] = args.lr

        # Get current LR
        current_lr = optimizer.param_groups[0]['lr']
        
        pbar = tqdm(train_loader, desc=f"Epoch {epoch} Train")
        for batch in pbar:
            input_ids = batch['input_ids'].to(device)
            attention_mask = batch['attention_mask'].to(device)
            tax_vector = batch['tax_vector'].to(device)
            labels = batch['labels'].to(device)
            
            optimizer.zero_grad()
            
            with torch.amp.autocast(device_type=device.type):
                logits = model(input_ids, attention_mask, tax_vector)
                loss = criterion(logits, labels)
                
            scaler.scale(loss).backward()
            
            # Gradient Clipping
            scaler.unscale_(optimizer)
            grad_norm = torch.nn.utils.clip_grad_norm_(model.parameters(), args.max_grad_norm)
            
            scaler.step(optimizer)
            scaler.update()
            
            total_loss += loss.item()
            total_grad_norm += grad_norm.item()
            steps += 1
            
            # Step-wise Logging
            if steps % 10 == 0:
                current_gnorm = grad_norm.item() if isinstance(grad_norm, torch.Tensor) else grad_norm
                global_step = (epoch - 1) * len(train_loader) + steps
                
                mlflow.log_metrics({
                    "step_train_loss": loss.item(),
                    "step_grad_norm": current_gnorm,
                    "step_lr": optimizer.param_groups[0]['lr']
                }, step=global_step)

            pbar.set_postfix({'loss': total_loss/steps})
            
            if args.dry_run and steps >= 5:
                print("Dry run: breaking training loop.")
                break
            
        # Step scheduler after EACH EPOCH (starting from epoch 3)
        if epoch >= 3:
            scheduler.step()
            
        train_loss = total_loss / steps
        avg_grad_norm = total_grad_norm / steps
        print(f"Epoch {epoch} Train Loss: {train_loss:.4f}, Grad Norm: {avg_grad_norm:.4f}, LR: {current_lr:.2e}")
        
        # Validation Loss Check
        val_loss = validate_loss(model, val_loader, criterion, device)
        print(f"Epoch {epoch} Val Loss: {val_loss:.4f}")
        
        epoch_time = time.time() - epoch_start_time
        
        # Log to MLflow
        mlflow.log_metrics({
            "train_loss": train_loss,
            "avg_grad_norm": avg_grad_norm,
            "val_loss": val_loss,
            "lr": current_lr,
            "epoch_time": epoch_time
        }, step=epoch)
        
        if val_loss < best_val_loss:
            print(f"New Best Val Loss: {val_loss:.4f} (was {best_val_loss:.4f})")
            best_val_loss = val_loss
            save_checkpoint(model, optimizer, epoch, {'val_loss': val_loss}, best_model_path)
            mlflow.log_metric("best_val_loss", best_val_loss, step=epoch)
        
        # Custom Evaluation Schedule: 3, 10, 15, 20
        # For dryrun, evaluate on epoch 1 too, and force a break in loops
        # Custom Evaluation Schedule: 3, 10, 15, 20
        # For dryrun, evaluate on epoch 1 too, and force a break in loops
        run_eval = (epoch in [3, 10, 15, 20] or args.dry_run) and not args.skip_eval
        
        if run_eval:
            print(f"Epoch {epoch}: Running GPU CAFA Evaluation on Best Model (Loss: {best_val_loss:.4f})...")
            
            current_state = {
                'model': model.state_dict(),
                'optimizer': optimizer.state_dict() 
            }
            
            if os.path.exists(best_model_path):
                checkpoint = torch.load(best_model_path)
                model.load_state_dict(checkpoint['model_state_dict'])
                print(f"Loaded best model from epoch {checkpoint['epoch']} for evaluation.")
            else:
                print("Warning: Best model not found, evaluating current model.")

            # Run Evaluation: Novel (GPU)
            metrics_novel = evaluate_gpu(
                model, val_novel_loader, ic_weights, device, 
                pred_output_path=output_dir / f"gpu_preds_novel_epoch_{epoch}.tsv",
                metrics_output_path=output_dir / f"metrics_novel_epoch_{epoch}.tsv"
            )
            
            # Run Evaluation: Homolog (GPU)
            metrics_homolog = evaluate_gpu(
                model, val_homolog_loader, ic_weights, device,
                pred_output_path=output_dir / f"gpu_preds_homolog_epoch_{epoch}.tsv",
                metrics_output_path=output_dir / f"metrics_homolog_epoch_{epoch}.tsv"
            )
            
            # Log Metrics
            all_metrics = {}
            for k, v in metrics_novel.items():
                all_metrics[f"novel_{k}"] = v
            for k, v in metrics_homolog.items():
                all_metrics[f"homolog_{k}"] = v
                
            mlflow.log_metrics(all_metrics, step=epoch)
            print("Evaluation Complete. Metrics:", all_metrics)
            
            # Save Best F-max Model (Novel as primary?)
            # Usually we care about Novel Genus F-max
            novel_fmax = metrics_novel['fmax_w']
            if novel_fmax > best_wf_max:
                best_wf_max = novel_fmax
                print(f"New Best Novel F-max: {best_wf_max:.4f}")
                save_checkpoint(model, optimizer, epoch, {'val_loss': best_val_loss, 'novel_fmax': best_wf_max}, output_dir / "best_model_fmax.pth")
            
            # Restore training state
            model.load_state_dict(current_state['model'])
            optimizer.load_state_dict(current_state['optimizer'])
            print("Restored training state.")
            
            if args.dry_run:
                print("Dry run complete (Evaluation).")
            # Usually we care about Novel Genus F-max
            novel_fmax = metrics_novel['fmax_w']
            if novel_fmax > best_wf_max:
                best_wf_max = novel_fmax
                print(f"New Best Novel F-max: {best_wf_max:.4f}")
                save_checkpoint(model, optimizer, epoch, {'val_loss': best_val_loss, 'novel_fmax': best_wf_max}, output_dir / "best_model_fmax.pth")
            
            # Restore training state
            model.load_state_dict(current_state['model'])
            optimizer.load_state_dict(current_state['optimizer'])
            print("Restored training state.")
            
            if args.dry_run:
                print("Dry run complete (Evaluation).")

        save_checkpoint(model, optimizer, epoch, {'val_loss': val_loss}, output_dir / "latest_model.pth")
    
    mlflow.end_run()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()